DOCSLIB.ORG

Polymorphic Variation in the CBLB Gene in Human Type 1 Diabetes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Polymorphic Variation in the CBLB Gene in Human Type 1 Diabetes Genes and Immunity (2004) 5, 232–235 & 2004 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 1466-4879/04 $25.00 www.nature.com/gene BRIEF COMMUNICATION Polymorphic variation in the CBLB gene in human type 1 diabetes R Kosoy1,2, N Yokoi3, S Seino3,4 and P Concannon1,2 1Molecular Genetics Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; 2Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; 3Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; 4Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan CBLB was evaluated as a candidate gene for type 1 diabetes (T1D) susceptibility based on its association with autoimmunity in animal models and its role in T-cell costimulatory signaling. Cblb is one of the two major diabetes predisposing loci in the Komeda diabetes-prone (KDP) rat. Cbl-b, a ubiquitin ligase, couples TCR-mediated stimulation with the requirement for CD28 costimulation, regulating T-cell activation. To identify variants with possible effects on gene function as well as haplotype tagging polymorphisms, the human CBLB coding region was sequenced in 16 individuals with T1D: no variants predicted to change the amino-acid sequence were identified. Seven single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers spanning the CBLB gene were genotyped in multiplex T1D families and assessed for disease association by transmission disequilibrium testing. No significant evidence of association was obtained for either individual markers or marker haplotypes. Genes and Immunity (2004) 5, 232–235. doi:10.1038/sj.gene.6364057 Published online 12 February 2004 Keywords: diabetes; T cell; SNP; haplotype Introduction studies in human T1D families and studies in the NOD mouse model of T1D.9,10 Type I diabetes (T1D) arises from autoimmune destruc- In the current study, we have evaluated another tion of the insulin-secreting b-cells of the pancreas candidate T1D gene, CBLB, which is implicated based requiring insulin replacement therapy for survival. T1D on studies in another animal model of T1D, the Komeda is a multifactorial disorder with contributions from diabetes-prone (KDP) rat. The KDP rat model of multiple genetic and environmental components.1 There autoimmune diabetes is characterized by a rapid onset is intense interest in the identification of these risk factors of disease, but without the sex difference that char- both for their potential benefits in understanding specific acterizes the NOD mouse, or the lymphopenia that is pathology of T1D and the more general insights they characteristic of the BB rat.11 KDP rats also exhibit might provide into mechanisms of human autoimmu- additional autoimmune phenotypes that include lym- nity. In T1D, considerable effort has been expended on phocyte infiltration into the thyroid gland, adrenal, linkage studies in affected sib pairs as an approach to kidney and pituitary.10 Two loci, MHC and Cblb, have identify genetic risk factors.2–6 However, most successes been shown to account for the major part of the disease in the identification of susceptibility loci have come from risk in this model.11,12 A nonsense mutation in the Cblb the testing of candidate genes for allelic association with gene of the KDP rat results in the production of a the disease. Two regions, the HLA region on chromo- truncated Cbl-b protein lacking 484 amino acids. some 6p and the insulin gene region on 11p, are generally As a member of the ubiquitin ligase family of proteins, accepted as containing T1D susceptibility loci, desig- Cbl-b participates in the degradation and trafficking of nated IDDM1 and IDDM2, respectively. Both of these proteins. Studies in cell lines derived from CblbÀ/À mice regions were initially investigated based on the presence indicate that Cbl-b is a negative regulator of TCR of viable candidate genes.7,8 Recently, a third suscept- signaling. Activation of naive wild-type CD4 T cells ibility locus, the CTLA4 gene, which may play a more requires stimulation through both CD3 and CD28. Naı¨ve generalized role in autoimmunity, has been proposed CblbÀ/À T cells display comparable levels of proliferation based on its effects on T-cell costimulation, linkage and IL2 secretion when stimulated through CD3 alone. Thus, elimination of Cbl-b alleviates the requirement for CD28 costimulation in T-cell activation, and can rescue the T-cell proliferation defect in cd28À/À mice.13,14 Loss of Correspondence: Dr P Concannon, Molecular Genetics Program, Benaroya the requirement for CD28 costimulation allows activa- Research Institute, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA. E-mail: [email protected] tion of naı¨ve T cells in the periphery under conditions Received 22 October 2003; revised 09 December 2003; accepted 15 where they should be unresponsive, creating the December 2003 potential for autoimmunity. Effects on T-cell costimula- CBLB gene and type 1 diabetes R Kosoy et al 233 tion are also implicated in T1D pathogenesis by reports, within the LD block based on the stringent criteria used, suggesting that CTLA-4 is involved in T1D susceptibility four haplotypes accounted for the majority (90.9%) of all in both human and the NOD mouse.9,10,15 haplotypes observed in the CBLB region. Association analysis, using TDT,20 was performed using data for individual markers, as well as for Results and discussion two-, three-, four- and five-marker haplotypes. None of the individual markers displayed any significant asso- All exons and flanking intronic regions of CBLB were ciation with T1D (Table 2). Three haplotypes, most sequenced in 16 unrelated T1D affected individuals to notably that composed of the ‘C’ allele at CBLB4 and identify variants of possible functional significance and the ‘A’ allele at CBLB1 (35% of 61 transmissions, common SNPs that could serve as haplotype tags for P ¼ 0.017) were significantly undertransmitted to af- association testing. In total, 17 variants were detected by fected offspring. However, none of these effects re- sequencing, but none were judged likely to have an mained significant after correction for the number of impact on CBLB function or expression (Table 1). tests performed. Examination of the NCBI and Celera SNP databases The Cblb gene is mutated in the KDP rat model of T1D revealed that nine of these polymorphisms were novel. and transgenic rescue experiments confirm the patho- Two rare missense mutations listed in the databases, genic role of this mutation.12 Functional studies of the P522S and R964W, were not detected. product of the Cblb gene in knockout mice and cell lines Seven SNPs were selected from those identified by derived from such mice indicate that Cbl-b plays a key sequencing, and from the NCBI and Celera databases, role in T-cell costimulation.13,14 Defects in this signaling based on their having minor allele frequencies greater pathway that reduce the requirement for costimulation then 0.20 and relatively even spacing across the gene in T-cell activation are associated with autoimmunity. (Figure 1a,b). These SNPs were genotyped in T1D Knockouts of Cblb result in generalized autoimmunity, multiplex families. The number of families genotyped while the hypomorphic allele in the KDP rat, in the for different markers varied from 147 to 259. All seven context of a permissive MHC allele, results in organ- markers had similar heterozygosities, between 0.34 and specific autoimmunity directed primarily against the 0.41, and all were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium pancreatic islets, but also against the thyroid gland, (P40.05). Intermarker linkage disequilibrium (LD) ana- adrenal, kidney and pituitary. Recent studies implicate lyses revealed the presence of one large LD block of at polymorphic variation affecting the threshold level of T- least 101 kbp as defined by standardized disequilibrium cell costimulation as playing a role in T1D susceptibility coefficient D0 40.8 (Figure 1c). This LD block included in both human and NOD mice.9,10,15 These considerations most of CBLB, from exon 5–18 and was bordered by the led us to evaluate human CBLB as a possible candidate markers CBLB6 and CBLB2. Within this block, three gene for human T1D susceptibility. haplotypes composed of alleles at five markers, CBLB2/ Since human T1D appears to be much more genetically CBLB10/CBLB4/CBLB11/CBLB6, accounted for 85.8% of complex than the diabetes occurring in the KDP rat, it is all the observed haplotypes: TGCCC (40.4%), GATTT probably not surprising that resequencing in 16 indivi- (34.2%) and GACTT (11.2%). Indeed, even with the duals (32 chromosomes) revealed no obviously inactivat- inclusion of the marker CBLB13, which does not fall ing alleles. While deeper resequencing might reveal rare Table 1 Variants detected by resequencinga of the CBLB gene Exon Variantb Minor allele Allele frequencyc Identityd NCBI position (Build 34) 3 IVS3+30insAAA AAA 0.031 106893128 4 IVS4+61G/T G 0.031 106816080 IVS4+64delA delA 0.125 rs3836269 106816077 IVS4+94insA A 0.083 hCV11795476 106816046 IVS4+137insATTG ATTG 0.233 106816003 8 IVS8+60A/G A 0.312 rs2289746 106776856 10 1535C/T T 0.187 rs2305035 106759927 1604A/C C 0.187 rs2305036 106759858 11 1844A/G G 0.219 rs2305037 106743745 12 2126A/G A 0.031 rs3772534 106741935 17 IVS16-76G/A G 0.094 106718393 IVS16-31A/G A 0.062 106718347 18 IVS17-94T/A A 0.031 106710192 2876C/T C 0.187 hCV2821699 106710054 19 3511A/G A 0.179 rs1042852 106698416 3719delA delA 0.031 106698208 3570C/T C 0.031 106698091 aSequencing of all exons and flanking intronic sequences (50–100 nucleotides) was performed on amplified genomic DNA samples from 16 unrelated T1D patients using Big Dye V3.1 (Perkin Elmer Applied Biosystems) and an ABI3100 capillary sequencer. bNucleotide positions based on reference sequence NM170662.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CBL Mutations in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Are Also Found in the Gene’S Proline-Rich Domain and in Patients with the V617FJAK2
    Articles and Brief Reports Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders CBL mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms are also found in the gene’s proline-rich domain and in patients with the V617FJAK2 Paula Aranaz,1 Cristina Hurtado,1 Ignacio Erquiaga,1 Itziar Miguéliz,1 Cristina Ormazábal,1 Ion Cristobal,2 Marina García-Delgado,1 Francisco Javier Novo,1 and José Luis Vizmanos1 1Department of Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona; and 2CIMA, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ABSTRACT Funding: this work was funded Background with the help of the Spanish Despite the discovery of the p.V617F in JAK2, the molecular pathogenesis of some chronic myelo- Ministry of Science and Innovation proliferative neoplasms remains unclear. Although very rare, different studies have identified CBL (SAF 2007-62473), the PIUNA (Cas-Br-Murine ecotropic retroviral transforming sequence) mutations in V617FJAK2-negative Program of the University of patients, mainly located in the RING finger domain. In order to determine the frequency of CBL Navarra, the Caja Navarra Foundation through the Program mutations in these diseases, we studied different regions of all CBL family genes (CBL, CBLB and “You choose, you decide” (Project CBLC) in a selected group of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. We also included 10.830) and ISCIII-RTICC V617FJAK2-positive patients to check whether mutations in CBL and JAK2 are mutually exclusive (RD06/0020/0078). events. PA received a predoctoral grant from the Government of Navarra. Design and Methods Using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography, we screened for mutations in CBL, Manuscript received on CBLB and CBLC in a group of 172 V617FJAK2-negative and 232 V617FJAK2-positive patients July 26, 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Information Method CLEAR-CLIP. Mouse Keratinocytes
    Supplementary Information Method CLEAR-CLIP. Mouse keratinocytes of the designated genotype were maintained in E-low calcium medium. Inducible cells were treated with 3 ug/ml final concentration doxycycline for 24 hours before performing CLEAR-CLIP. One 15cm dish of confluent cells was used per sample. Cells were washed once with cold PBS. 10mls of cold PBS was then added and cells were irradiated with 300mJ/cm2 UVC (254nM wavelength). Cells were then scraped from the plates in cold PBS and pelleted by centrifugation at 1,000g for 2 minutes. Pellets were frozen at -80oC until needed. Cells were then lysed on ice with occasional vortexing in 1ml of lysis buffer (50mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 100mM NaCl, 1mM MgCl2, 0.1 mM CaCl2, 1% NP-40, 0.5% Sodium Deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS) containing 1X protease inhibitors (Roche #88665) and RNaseOUT (Invitrogen #10777019) at 4ul/ml final concentration. Next, TurboDNase (Invitrogen #AM2238, 10U), RNase A (0.13ug) and RNase T1 (0.13U) were added and samples were incubated at 37oC for 5 minutes with occasional mixing. Samples were immediately placed on ice and then centrifuged at 16,160g at 4oC for 20 minutes to clear lysate. 25ul of Protein-G Dynabeads (Invitrogen #10004D) were used per IP. Dynabeads were pre-washed with lysis buffer and pre- incubated with 3ul of Wako Anti-Mouse-Ago2 (2D4) antibody. The dynabead/antibody mixture was added to the lysate and rocked for 2 hours at 4oC. All steps after the IP were done on bead until samples were loaded into the polyacrylamide gel.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-CBLB Antibody (ARG57312)
    Product datasheet [email protected] ARG57312 Package: 100 μl anti-CBLB antibody Store at: -20°C Summary Product Description Rabbit Polyclonal antibody recognizes CBLB Tested Reactivity Hu, Ms Tested Application IHC-P, WB Host Rabbit Clonality Polyclonal Isotype IgG Target Name CBLB Antigen Species Human Immunogen Recombinant Protein of Human CBLB. Conjugation Un-conjugated Alternate Names Nbla00127; EC 6.3.2.-; RNF56; Signal transduction protein CBL-B; Casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto- oncogene b; SH3-binding protein CBL-B; Cbl-b; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL-B; RING finger protein 56 Application Instructions Application table Application Dilution IHC-P 1:50 - 1:200 WB 1:500 - 1:2000 Application Note * The dilutions indicate recommended starting dilutions and the optimal dilutions or concentrations should be determined by the scientist. Positive Control Jurkat Calculated Mw 109 kDa Properties Form Liquid Purification Affinity purification with immunogen. Buffer PBS (pH 7.3), 0.02% Sodium azide and 50% Glycerol. Preservative 0.02% Sodium azide Stabilizer 50% Glycerol Storage instruction For continuous use, store undiluted antibody at 2-8°C for up to a week. For long-term storage, aliquot and store at -20°C. Storage in frost free freezers is not recommended. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. Suggest spin the vial prior to opening. The antibody solution should be gently mixed before use. Note For laboratory research only, not for drug, diagnostic or other use. www.arigobio.com 1/2 Bioinformation Gene Symbol CBLB Gene Full Name Cbl proto-oncogene B, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase Function E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from specific E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, and transfers it to substrates, generally promoting their degradation by the proteasome.
    [Show full text]
  • Upregulation of E3 Ubiquitin Ligase CBLC Enhances EGFR
    Published OnlineFirst June 26, 2018; DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-3858 Cancer Tumor Biology and Immunology Research Upregulation of E3 Ubiquitin Ligase CBLC Enhances EGFR Dysregulation and Signaling in Lung Adenocarcinoma Shiao-Ya Hong1, Yu-Rung Kao1, Te-Chang Lee1, and Cheng-Wen Wu1,2,3,4 Abstract CBLC (CBL proto-oncogene c) belongs to the CBL protein ubiquitinated and positively regulated aEGFR stability family, which has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity toward activated through the conjugation of polyubiquitin by K6 and K11 receptor tyrosine kinases. CBLC is frequently upregulated in linkages. This CBLC-mediated polyubiquitination promoted non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet very little is known either preferential recycling of aEGFR back to the plasma about the functions of CBLC in tumorigenesis. Here we show membrane or trafficking to the cell nucleus. IHC analyses that CBLC is an epigenetically demethylated target and its revealed a positive correlation between phospho-EGFR and expression can be upregulated in NSCLC after treatment with CBLC in lung adenocarcinoma. In summary, we demonstrate a the DNA methylation inhibitor 50-azacytidine. Depletion novel mechanism by which aEGFR escapes lysosomal degra- of CBLC significantly inhibited cell viability and clonogenicity dation in a CBLC/ubiquitin-dependent manner to sustain its in vitro and reduced tumor growth in a xenograft model. CBLC activation. Our work identifies CBLC as a potential diagnostic silencing further sensitized EGFR-mutated NSCLC cells to biomarker and also points to its utilization as a novel thera- treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Conversely, ectopic peutic target for NSCLC therapy. expression of CBLC enhanced the activation of EGFR and downstream ERK1/2 signaling after ligand stimulation by Significance: This work demonstrates the role of CBLC expres- competing with CBL for EGFR binding.
    [Show full text]
  • Brief Genetics Report
    Brief Genetics Report The Rat Diabetes Susceptibility Locus Iddm4 and at Least One Additional Gene Are Required for Autoimmune Diabetes Induced by Viral Infection Elizabeth P. Blankenhorn,1 Lucy Rodemich,1 Cristina Martin-Fernandez,1 Jean Leif,2 Dale L. Greiner,2 and John P. Mordes2 BBDR rats develop autoimmune diabetes only after challenge with environmental perturbants. These per- turbants include polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly ype 1 diabetes results from inflammatory infiltra- I:C, a ligand of toll-like receptor 3), agents that deplete tion of pancreatic islets and selective ␤-cell regulatory T-cell (Treg) populations, and a non–␤-cell destruction. It is thought to be caused by envi- cytopathic parvovirus (Kilham rat virus [KRV]). The Tronmental factors operating in a genetically sus- dominant diabetes susceptibility locus Iddm4 is re- ceptible host (1,2). Susceptibility loci include the major quired for diabetes induced by treatment with poly I:C histocompatibility complex (MHC), a promoter polymor- plus Treg depletion. Iddm4 is penetrant in congenic phism of the insulin gene, and an allelic variant of CTLA4 heterozygous rats on the resistant WF background and (3). Among candidate environmental perturbants, viral is 79% sensitive and 80% specific as a predictor of infection is one of the most likely (4). How genes interact induced diabetes. Surprisingly, an analysis of 190 BBDR ؋ WF)F2 rats treated with KRV after brief with the environment to transform diabetes susceptibility) exposure to poly I:C revealed that the BBDR-origin into overt disease is unknown. allele of Iddm4 is necessary but not entirely sufficient BBDR rats model virus-induced autoimmune diabetes for diabetes expression.
    [Show full text]
  • Brief Genetics Report
    Brief Genetics Report Haplotype Tag Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis of the Human Orthologues of the Rat Type 1 Diabetes Genes Ian4 (Lyp/Iddm1) and Cblb Felicity Payne, Deborah J. Smyth, Rebecca Pask, Bryan J. Barratt, Jason D. Cooper, Rebecca C.J. Twells, Neil M. Walker, Alex C. Lam, Luc J. Smink, Sarah Nutland, Helen E. Rance, and John A. Todd The diabetes-prone BioBreeding (BB) and Komeda dia- animal model is the severe lymphopenia that is essential betes-prone (KDP) rats are both spontaneous animal for the development of the diabetic phenotype and that is models of human autoimmune, T-cell–associated type 1 inherited as a Mendelian trait (3). Life-long and profound diabetes. Both resemble the human disease, and conse- T-cell lymphopenia is characterized by a reduction in quently, susceptibility genes for diabetes found in these peripheral CD4ϩ T-cells, an even greater reduction of two strains can be considered as potential candidate CD8ϩ T-cells (4), and an almost total absence of RT6ϩ genes in humans. Recently, a frameshift deletion in T-cells (5). The lymphopenia gene is involved in the Ian4, a member of the immune-associated nucleotide regulation of apoptosis in the T-cell lineage and is, there- (Ian)-related gene family, has been shown to map to BB fore, responsible for loss of critical T-cells, resulting in rat Iddm1. In the KDP rat, a nonsense mutation in the T-cell regulatory gene, Cblb, has been described as a autoimmunity (6). Recently, two groups have indepen- major susceptibility locus. Following a strategy of ex- dently shown, by positional cloning of Iddm1/lyp, that amining the human orthologues of susceptibility genes lymphopenia is due to a frameshift deletion in Ian4 (also identified in animal models for association with type 1 called Ian5) of the immune-associated nucleotide (Ian)- diabetes, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms related gene family (6,7), resulting in a truncated protein (SNPs) from each gene by resequencing PCR product product.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantitative Interactomics in Primary T Cells Unveils TCR Signal
    Quantitative interactomics in primary T cells unveils TCR signal diversification extent and dynamics Guillaume Voisinne, Kristof Kersse, Karima Chaoui, Liaoxun Lu, Julie Chaix, Lichen Zhang, Marisa Goncalves Menoita, Laura Girard, Youcef Ounoughene, Hui Wang, et al. To cite this version: Guillaume Voisinne, Kristof Kersse, Karima Chaoui, Liaoxun Lu, Julie Chaix, et al.. Quantitative interactomics in primary T cells unveils TCR signal diversification extent and dynamics. Nature Immunology, Nature Publishing Group, 2019, 20 (11), pp.1530 - 1541. 10.1038/s41590-019-0489-8. hal-03013469 HAL Id: hal-03013469 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03013469 Submitted on 23 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. RESOURCE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-019-0489-8 Quantitative interactomics in primary T cells unveils TCR signal diversification extent and dynamics Guillaume Voisinne 1, Kristof Kersse1, Karima Chaoui2, Liaoxun Lu3,4, Julie Chaix1, Lichen Zhang3, Marisa Goncalves Menoita1, Laura Girard1,5, Youcef Ounoughene1, Hui Wang3, Odile Burlet-Schiltz2, Hervé Luche5,6, Frédéric Fiore5, Marie Malissen1,5,6, Anne Gonzalez de Peredo 2, Yinming Liang 3,6*, Romain Roncagalli 1* and Bernard Malissen 1,5,6* The activation of T cells by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) results in the formation of signaling protein complexes (signalo­ somes), the composition of which has not been analyzed at a systems level.
    [Show full text]
  • Oncogenic Signaling by Leukemia-Associated Mutant Cbl Proteins Scott Nadeau1,2, Wei An1,2, Nick Palermo1, Dan Feng1, Gulzar Ahmad1, Lin Dong, Gloria E
    nalytic A al & B y i tr o s c i h e Nadeau et al., Biochem Anal Biochem 2012, S6 m m e Biochemistry & i h s c t r o DOI: 10.4172/2161-1009.S6-001 i y B ISSN: 2161-1009 Analytical Biochemistry Review Article Open Access Oncogenic Signaling by Leukemia-Associated Mutant Cbl Proteins Scott Nadeau1,2, Wei An1,2, Nick Palermo1, Dan Feng1, Gulzar Ahmad1, Lin Dong, Gloria E. O. Borgstahl1,3,6,7, Amarnath Natarajan1,2,7, Mayumi Naramura1,2,7, Vimla Band1,2,3,7 and Hamid Band1-5,7* 1Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases 2Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA 3Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA 4Departments of Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA 5Departments of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA 6Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA 7UNMC-Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA Abstract Members of the Cbl protein family (Cbl, Cbl-b, and Cbl-c) are E3 ubiquitin ligases that have emerged as critical negative regulators of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) signaling. This function reflects their ability to directly interact with activated PTKs and to target them as well as their associated signaling components for ubiquitination.
    [Show full text]
  • Mutant Cbl Proteins As Oncogenic Drivers in Myeloproliferative Disorders
    www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget/ Oncotarget, March, Vol.2, No 3 Mutant Cbl proteins as oncogenic drivers in myeloproliferative disorders Mayumi Naramura1,2, Scott Nadeau1,2, Bhopal Mohapatra1,3, Gulzar Ahmad1, Chandrani Mukhopadhyay1, Martin Sattler5, Srikumar M Raja1, Amarnath Natarajan1,4, Vimla Band1,2, Hamid Band1,2,3 1 Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 2 Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 3 Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 5 Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Correspondence to: Mayumi Naramura, email: [email protected] Correspondence to: Hamid Band, email: [email protected] Keywords: Cbl, E3 ubiquitin ligase, leukemia, protein tyrosine kinase, signal transduction Received: March 7, 2011, Accepted: March 20, 2011, Published: March 20, 2011 Copyright: © Naramura et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. ABSTRACT: Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (Cbl) family proteins are evolutionarily-conserved attenuators of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) signaling. Biochemical analyses over the past two decades have firmly established that the negative regulatory functions of Cbl proteins are mediated through their ability to facilitate ubiquitination and thus promote degradation of PTKs. As aberrant activation of PTKs is frequently associated with oncogenesis, it has long been postulated that loss of normal Cbl functions may lead to unregulated activation of PTKs and cellular transformation.
    [Show full text]
  • Cellular Immunology Regulation of Immune Responses by E3 Ubiquitin
    Cellular Immunology 340 (2019) 103878 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cellular Immunology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ycimm Review article Regulation of immune responses by E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b T ⁎ Rong Tanga, Wallace Y. Langdonb, Jian Zhangc, a Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China b School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia c Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Casitas B lymphoma-b (Cbl-b), a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase, has been identified as a critical regulator of Cbl-b adaptive immune responses. Cbl-b is essential for establishing the threshold for T cell activation and regulating Ubiquitination peripheral T cell tolerance through various mechanisms. Intriguingly, recent studies indicate that Cbl-b also Innate and adaptive immune responses modulates innate immune responses, and plays a key role in host defense to pathogens and anti-tumor immunity. T cell tolerance These studies suggest that targeting Cbl-b may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of Immune-related disorders human immune-related disorders such as autoimmune diseases, infections, tumors, and allergic airway in- flammation. In this review, we summarize the latest developments regarding the roles of Cbl-b ininnateand adaptive immunity, and immune-mediated diseases. 1. Introduction adaptive immunity, and the involvement of Cbl-b in immune-mediated diseases. Ubiquitination, the covalent conjugation of ubiquitin (Ub) (a 76 amino-acid peptide) to protein substrates, is an essential mechanism of 2. The structures of Cbl family proteins post-translational modification, which modulates various cellular pathways.
    [Show full text]
  • Short Loop Motif Profiling of Protein Interaction Networks in Acute Myeloid
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/306886; this version posted April 25, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Short loop motif profiling of protein interaction networks in acute myeloid leukaemia Sun Sook Chung1,2, Anna Laddach2, N. Shaun B. Thomas1 and Franca Fraternali2 1Department of Haematological Medicine, King’s College London, UK, 2Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, UK Abstract Recent advances in biotechnologies for genomics and proteomics have expanded our understanding of biological components which play crucial roles in complex mechanisms related to cancer. However, it is still challenging to extract from the available knowledge reliable targets to use in a translational setting. The reasons for this are manifold, but essentially distilling real biological signal from heterogeneous “big data” collections is the major hurdle. Here, we aim to establish an in-silico pipeline to explore mutations and their effects on protein-protein interactions, with a focus on acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), one of the most common blood cancers with the highest mortality rate. Our method, based on cyclic interactions of a small number of proteins topologically linked in the network (short loop network motifs), highlights specific protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and their functions in AML when compared with other leukaemias. We also developed a new property named ‘short loop commonality’ to measure indirect PPIs occurring via common short loop interactions. This new method detects “modules” of PPI networks (PPINs) enriched with common biological functions which have proteins that contain mutation hotspots.
    [Show full text]
  • Tumor Rejection in Cblb−/− Mice Depends on IL-9 and Th9 Cells
    Open access Original research J Immunother Cancer: first published as 10.1136/jitc-2021-002889 on 16 July 2021. Downloaded from Tumor rejection in Cblb−/− mice depends on IL-9 and Th9 cells 1 1 1 Oliver Schanz , Isabelle Cornez, Sowmya Parampalli Yajnanarayana, Friederike Sophie David,2,3 Sebastian Peer,4 Thomas Gruber,4 Peter Krawitz,2 Peter Brossart,1 Annkristin Heine,1 Jenny Landsberg,5 Gottfried Baier,4 Dominik Wolf1,6 To cite: Schanz O, Cornez I, ABSTRACT the transcription factors PU.1 and interferon Yajnanarayana SP, et al. Tumor Background Casitas B lymphoma- b (Cbl- b) is a central regulatory factor 4 (IRF4).3 4 Several other rejection in Cblb−/− mice negative regulator of cytotoxic T and natural killer (NK) transcription factors including signal trans- depends on IL-9 and Th9 cells. cells and functions as an intracellular checkpoint in Journal for ImmunoTherapy ducer and activator of transcription (STAT) cancer. In particular, Th9 cells support mast cell activation, of Cancer 2021;9:e002889. 5, STAT6, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), nuclear doi:10.1136/jitc-2021-002889 promote dendritic cell recruitment, enhance the cytolytic function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells, and factor of activated T cells (NFAT), interferon directly kill tumor cells, thereby contributing to tumor regulatory factor (IRF) 8, forkhead box O ► Additional supplemental 1, basic leucine zipper transcription factor material is published online only. immunity. However, the role of Cbl- b in the differentiation To view, please visit the journal and antitumor function of Th9 cells is not sufficiently (BATF), and BATF3 are also involved in 5–7 online (http:// dx.
    [Show full text]