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CULTURAL HERITAGE TOURISM of INDIA MBA (Tourism & Travel Management) MBA 1 St YEAR, PAPER –II

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CULTURAL HERITAGE TOURISM of INDIA MBA (Tourism & Travel Management) MBA 1 St YEAR, PAPER –II CULTURAL HERITAGE TOURISM OF INDIA MBA (Tourism & Travel Management) MBA 1 st YEAR, PAPER –II Lesson Writers: S.A.Rahiman Saheb K.Rajesh M.A (Hist), PGDTTM M.B.A (T.T.M), M.A (Hist.), B.H.M., (Ph.D.), UGC-NET Teaching Faculty Teaching Faculty Dept. of Tourism & Hospitality Management Dept. of Tourism & Hospitality Management Acharya Nagarjuna University Acharya Nagarjuna University Editor: Dr.P.Purna Chandra Rao M.Com, M.A. (Hist), B.L, PGDTTM, M.Phil, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Chairman, Board of Studies Department of Tourism & Hospitality Management Acharya Nagarjuna University Director Dr. Sumanth Kumar Kunda, M.F.Sc., Ph.D. CENTRE FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION ACHARAYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY NAGARJUNA NAGAR – 522 510 Ph: 0863-2293299,2293356, ,Cell:98482 85518 0863-2346259 (Study Material) Website: www.anucde.com , e-mail:[email protected] Cultural Hertiage Tourism of India, MBA (TTM) 1 st year Paper - II First Edition : 2020 No. of Copies : 15 © Acharya Nagarjuna University This book is exclusively prepared for the use of students of First year M.B.A (TTM) Courses, Centre for Distance Education, Acharya Nagarjuna University and this book is meant for limited circulation only. Published by : Prof. Sumanth Kumar Kunda, Director Centre for Distance Education, Acharya Nagarjuna University Printed at: FOREWORD Since its establishment in 1976, Acharya Nagarjuna University has been forging ahead in the path of progress and dynamism, offering a variety of courses and research contributions. I am extremely happy that by gaining a B++ (80-85) grade from the NAAC in the year 2003, the Acharya Nagarjuna University is offering educational opportunities at the UG, PG levels apart from research degrees to students from over 285 affiliated colleges spread over the three districts of Guntur, Krishna and Prakasam. The University has also started the Centre for Distance Education with the aim to bring higher education within reach of all. The centre will be a great help to those who cannot join in colleges, those who cannot afford the exorbitant fees as regular students, and even housewives desirous of pursuing higher studies. With the goal of brining education to the doorstep of all such people, Acharya Nagarjuna University has started offering B.A., and B.Com courses at the Degree level and M.A., M.Com., M.Sc., M.B.A., and L.L.M., courses at the PG level from the academic year 2003-2004 onwards. To facilitate easier understanding by students studying through the distance mode, these self-instruction materials have been prepared by eminent and experienced teachers. The lessons have been drafted with great care and expertise in the stipulated time by these teachers. Constructive ideas and scholarly suggestions are welcome from students and teachers involved respectively. Such ideas will be incorporated for the greater efficacy of this distance mode of education. For clarification of doubts and feedback, weekly classes and contact classes will be arranged at the UG and PG levels respectively. It is my aim that students getting higher education through the centre for Distance Education should improve their qualification, have better employment opportunities and in turn facilitate the country’s progress. It is my fond desire that in the years to come, the Centre for Distance Education will go from strength to strength in the form of new courses and by catering to larger number of people. My congratulations to all the Directors, Academic Coordinators, Editors and Lesson-writers of the Centre who have helped in these endeavours. Prof. P. Rajasekhar Vice-Chancellor Acharya Nagarjuna University Syllabus Unit – I Glimpses of Indian Cultural History –Vedic periods – Ancient Indian Literatures – Sacred Literature – Secular Literature – Ancient Society; Culture – Ashramas –Varna System – Purushartha. Unit – II Religions of India – Religious Shrines & Centers – Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, Sikh, Muslim, Christian and others – Basic Tenets. Unit – III Cultural Heritage – Ayurveda, Yoga and meditation – Performing Arts: Dance Forms – Music – Vocal & Instruments – Folk Arts – Indian Paintings and Sculpture. Unit – IV Architectural Heritage – Rock cut Architecture – Buddhist& Jain Architecture – Gandhara & Mathura, Amaravathi Schools of Art – Hindu Temple Architecture – Indo-Islamic Architecture – Modern Architecture – Forts, Royal Palaces and Havelies. Unit – V Museums and Art Galleries – Signifcance of Musuems, types, famous museums in India & Andhra Pradesh, Role of Archilogical survey of India (ASI) – Signifcanceof Art Galleries, Types, Famous Onsite & Online Art Galleries in India – Traditional Arts and Crafts – Fairsand Festivals – Role of UNWTO, World Heritage Day, World Heritage sites in India – Problems and Prospects of Cultural Tourism in India. Text Books 1. Basham.A.L (1988), The Wonder that was India, Rupa and Com, Delhi References 1. S.P. Gupta (2002), Cultural Tourism in India, Indraprastha Museum of Art and Archaeology, New Delhi. 2. Hussain. A.K (1987), The National Culture of India, National Book Trust, New Delhi. 3. Robinet Jacob (2007), Indian Tourism Products, Abhijeet Publications. 4. Surendra Sahai (2006), Indian Architecture: Hindu Buddhist and Jain, Prakash Books. 5. The Gazette of India: History and Culture, Vol.2, Publication division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, 1988. 6. A.L. Basham, The Wonder that was India (Rupa) 7. Manoj Dikshit: Charu Sheela, Tourism Products (New Royal Book Co.,) 8. Cultural History of India – Edited by A.L. Basham. 9. Evolution of Indian Culture – B.N.Luniya -Lakshmi Narain Agarwal Publications. 10. Ancient Indian Art 2019: Hindu art in medieval South India - Rudolf Blank -Calvendo Verlag GmbH; 5th edition. CONTENT Title Pg. No. 1. Glimpses of Indian Cultural History – Vedic periods 1.1 – 1.14 2. Ancient Indian Religious and Secular literature 2.1 -2.11 3. Ancient Society – Ashrams and Varna System 3.1 -3.7 4. Ancient Society – Purushartha 4.1 – 4.10 5. Hinduism 5.1 – 5.8 6. Islamism, Christianity, Buddhism, Jainism & Sikhism 6.1 – 6.18 7. Hindu & Islamic Religious Shrines & Centers In India 7.1 -7.10 8. Christian, Buddhist, Jain & Sikh Religious Shrines In India 8.1 -8.14 9. Ayurveda, Yoga And Meditation 9.1 – 9.9 10. Dance Forms In India 10.1 -10.11 11. Music 11.1 – 11.10 12. Architectural Heritage 12.1 – 12.18 13. Hindu Temple Architecture 13.1 – 13.13 14. Indo-Islamic & Modern Architecture 14.1 – 14.9 15. Forts, Royal Palaces And Havelies In India 15. – 15.12 16. Museums 16.1 – 16.10 17. Art Galleries 17.1 -17.9 18. Fairs And Festivals 18.1 - 18.14 19. Traditional Arts & Crafts In India 19.1 – 19.15 20. World Heritage Sites & Problems And Prospects Of Cultural Tourism In India 20.1 – 20.11 Lesson – 1 GLIMPSES OF INDIAN CULTURAL HISTORY – VEDIC PERIODS 1.0 Objectives After completion of the lesson, you will be able to Clearly understand the Vedic Aryan Culture and its growth and influence on Indian Social System Know about public institutions during the Vedic period. Know the economic conditions in practice of the times. Structure 1.1 Early Vedic period 1.2 Social Life 1.3 Social Conditions 1.4 Later Vedic Age (1000-600 B.C.) 1.5 Keywords 1.6 Self-Assessment Questions 1.7 Further Readings 1.1 Early Vedic period The Sanskrit word ‘Veda’ means knowledge. The Vedas are the oldest literature of the Indo- Aryans and probably the oldest literary work in the whole group of Indo-European languages. The Vedas are four in number viz., (1) The Rig-Veda, (2) the Samaveda, (3) the Yajurveda and (4) the Atharvaveda. The Vedas were not written at one definite period. They are the compilation of the Mantras composed by Rishis in different periods. Some scholars fix the earliest limit of their composition as 1000 B.C., whereas others fix it between 3000 and 2500 B.C. The Rig-Veda is the earliest and the Atharvaveda the latest of the four collections. 1 Rig-Veda – Being the oldest of the Vedic literature it is the most important because it is the most valuable record of ancient India. There are ten chapters or Masndals, 1028 Suktas or hymns in Rig-Veda. These are invocations addressed to various gods who are conceived of powers of nature personified. There is a great controversy among scholars regarding the time of the composition of Rig-Veda. Prof. Max Muller fixes it between Cultural Hertiage Tourism of India 1. 2 Glimpses of Indian Cultural History… 1200 B.C. to 1000 B.C, Tilak fixes it as 6000 B.C. and Prof. Jacobi as 4500 B.C. As regards its significance, Adolf Keigi remarks, “The Chief importance of Veda is not indeed in the history of literature but it lies elsewhere. It lies in the very extraordinary fullness of disclosures which this book gives to the student of Philosophy and History of Civilization”. It throws light upon the evolution of mankind, especially in India, E.B. Cowele remarks that “.......The Mantra portion of the Rig-Veda is our earliest authority for the social and religious institutions of the Aryans”. Prof. Smith also remarks that “It (Rig-Veda) points to the settled peoples, organized society and full-grown civilization”. 2 Yajurveda – It is very important from the historical point of view as it depicts the changes in social and religious conditions that had come in the society from the period of Rig-Veda. It is divided into two parts – White and Black Yajurveda. The former consists of hymns and the latter contain commentaries. 3 Samaveda – It mainly contains verses taken from Rig-Veda with reference to Sama's sacrifice and set to music. It has very little independent value. 4 Atharvaveda – It is important from the point of view of knowing the history of science in India. It contains 6000 Mantras. It is a collection of popular spells and incantations which were popular among the people and also indicates the beliefs of the people.
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