Mineral Exploration Investigation in the Northern Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico
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University of Texas at El Paso ScholarWorks@UTEP Open Access Theses & Dissertations 2019-01-01 Mineral Exploration Investigation In The Northern Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico Labdan Nijr Alqahtani University of Texas at El Paso Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd Part of the Geology Commons, and the Remote Sensing Commons Recommended Citation Alqahtani, Labdan Nijr, "Mineral Exploration Investigation In The Northern Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico" (2019). Open Access Theses & Dissertations. 2824. https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd/2824 This is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UTEP. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UTEP. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MINERAL EXPLORATION INVESTIGATION IN THE NORTHERN SIERRA MADRE OCCIDENTAL, MEXICO LABDAN ALQAHTANI Doctoral Program in Geological Science APPROVED: Philip Goodell, Ph.D., Chair Jose Hurtado, Ph.D. AlDouri Raed, Ph.D. Jason Ricketts, Ph.D. Benjamin Brunner, Ph.D. Stephen L. Crites, Jr., Ph.D. Dean of the Graduate School Copyright © by Labdan Alqahtani 2019 MINERAL EXPLORATION INVESTIGATION IN THE NORTHERN SIERRA MADRE OCCIDENTAL, MEXICO by LABDAN NIJR ALQAHTANI, MS DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at El Paso in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Geological Sciences THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO December 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to thank the member of my dissertation committee: Dr. Philip C. Goodell, Dr. Jose Hurtado, Dr. Jason Ricketts, Dr. Raed Aldouri, and Dr. Benjamin Brunner. Their helpful comments, suggestion and attitude have made this final product a much better research study. I especially thank Dr. Goodell for his teaching, valid assessment of the scientific material presented in this work, and constructive comments. Dr. Goodell devoted a great deal of his personal time in order to help me focus entirely on my work in the last four years. I want to thank the government of Saudi Arabia via the King Abdullah Scholarship Program for supporting me during the four years, I needed to complete this academic program and for financing this research project. Lastly and most importantly, I would like to thank my parents, my wife, my brothers, and my sisters for their endless support and constant encouragement, has had great importance in the production of this dissertation. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... IV LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ IX LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ X CHAPTER 1: EXPLORATION POTENTIAL IN THE SIERRA MADRE OCCIDENTAL, CHIHUAHUA, MEXICO RESULTING FROM APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TO GOLD AND SILVER HOSTED STRUCTURES ..........................................1 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................1 1. Introduction .........................................................................................................................2 2. Objectives ...........................................................................................................................2 3. Study area............................................................................................................................3 4. Background .........................................................................................................................3 4.1. Geology .................................................................................................................4 4.2. Mineralization .........................................................................................................4 5. Data .....................................................................................................................................5 5.1. Landsat 8 .................................................................................................................5 5.2. SRTM 1 Arc-Second Global ...................................................................................5 5.3. Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS) ..............................................................6 5.4. The Major Gold/Silver Systems (Mines) in the study area.....................................6 5.4.1. Dolores ........................................................................................................6 5.4.2. Mulatos .......................................................................................................6 5.4.3. Pinos Altos ..................................................................................................6 5.4.4. Ocampo .......................................................................................................7 5.4.5. Los Jarros ....................................................................................................7 5.4.6. Palmarejo ....................................................................................................7 5.4.7. Cerro Colorado............................................................................................7 5.4.8. Satevo ..........................................................................................................7 5.4.9. El Sauzal .....................................................................................................8 5.4.10. Batopilas ................................................................................................8 6. Processing and method .......................................................................................................8 v 7. Results .................................................................................................................................9 7.1. Visual Extraction of Lineaments ............................................................................9 7.1.1. First Order Lineaments (FOL) ...............................................................10 7.1.2. Second Order Lineaments (SOL)...........................................................10 7.1.3. Third Order Lineaments (TOL) .............................................................10 7.2. Automatic Extraction of Lineaments ....................................................................11 7.3. Circles and Arcs ....................................................................................................11 7.3.1. Known Calderas ........................................................................................11 7.3.2. New Potential Calderas .............................................................................12 7.4. Result of Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS).............................................13 8. Discussion .........................................................................................................................13 8.1. Lineaments ............................................................................................................13 8.2. Circles ...................................................................................................................14 8.3. Tangents ................................................................................................................15 8.4 Mineral Occurrences ..............................................................................................15 9. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................16 References .............................................................................................................................17 CHAPTER 2: TARGETING ALUNITE IN EPITHERMAL AND COPPER PORPHYRY DEPOSITS USING ASTER IMAGERY IN THE NORTHERN SIERRA MADRE OCCIDENTAL, SONORA, MEXICO .................................................................................60 Abstract .................................................................................................................................60 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................60 2. Objective ...........................................................................................................................61 3. Background .......................................................................................................................61 3.1. Location ................................................................................................................61 3.2. Geology of the Sierra Madre Occidenta ...............................................................61 3.3. Porphyry Copper and Epithermal Deposits ..........................................................62 3.4. Previous Satellite Remote-Sensing Studies ..........................................................63 3.5. Argillic Logical Operators ....................................................................................64 4. Data ...................................................................................................................................67