Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ) Vol - VI Issue - IV APRIL 2019 Peer Review e-Journal Impact Factor 5.707 ISSN 2349-638x

Injuries In Sports

Prof. Vijay Y. Deshmukh Director of Physical Education and Sports, Babuji Avhad Mahavidyalaya, Pathardi, Dist. Ahmednagar

Introduction: attachments to bone. Some of the in football are: n recent years, increasing numbers of people of all I a) Low Back Strain: ages have been heeding their health professionals A low back strain, often called a lumbar advice to get active for all of the health benefits strain is an injury to the large muscles in the exercise has to offer. But for some people low back. These injuries are very common, particularly those who overdo or who don't properly affecting most everyone at some point in train or warm up these benefits can come at a price; their life Low back strains can be painful and sports injuries. Fortunately, most sports injuries can debilitating. be treated effectively, and most people who suffer b) Groin Strain: injuries can return to a satisfying level of physical A Groin strain is a common sports injury that activity after an injury. Even better, many sports is due to a strain at the muscles at the inner injuries can be prevented if people take the proper . precautions. c) Strain : It is for casual and more serious athletes as A pulled hamstring is common sports injury well as the trainers, coaches, and health professional seen most commonly in sprinters. A pulled who deal with sports injuries. hamstring is a muscle called a hamstring What are Sports Injuries? strain. The term sports injury, in the broadest sense, d) Strain : refers to the kinds of injuries that most commonly A strain of the neck, or the muscle around occur during sports or exercise. Some sports injuries the cervical spine is often called . result from accidents; others are due to poor training This neck muscle strain occurs when there is practices, improper equipment and sports kit, lack of a sudden extension and flexion of the neck. conditioning, or insufficient warm-up stretching. : Although virtually any part of your body can A Sprain is an injury involving a , be injured during sports or exercise, the term is Ligament are basically inelastic and designed to usually reserved for injuries that involve the prevent abnormal motion of a whenever a joint musculoskeletal system, which includes the muscles, is forced to move in an abnormal directions bones, and associated tissues like cartilage. are stressed some of the common sprain in Traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries, and bruises football are : are considered. a) sprain: An Injury is defined as any physical Violent overstretching of one or more compliant, including match or training session, that ligaments in the knee. Sprain Involving two requires absence form almost training session or more ligaments cause considerable more ormatch. disability then single ligaments . Common Injuries: When the ligament is overstretched, it Strain: become tense and gives way at its weakest Strains are injury involving the points, either where it is attached to bone or musculotendinous unit and may involve the muscle within the ligaments itself. If the ligaments and the junction between two as well as their

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Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ) Vol - VI Issue - IV APRIL 2019 Peer Review e-Journal Impact Factor 5.707 ISSN 2349-638x

pull or loose a fragment of bone it is called a Injury: sprain fracture. Hip injury generally occurs in most stress in b) sprain : hip structure. This high incidence result from the A severe injury to the ankle in with one or costly demands of the game, including punt kicking, more ligaments are stretched and totally turn. sprinting and changing of direction. Higher extension A severe sprain may include a temporary or and flexion of the hip is also cause of hip injury. lasting dissolution. A Two ligaments cases Spinal Cord Injury: more disability than a single ligament sprain. Spinal cord injury is damage to the spinal c) Wrist Sprain: cord that is due to indirect injury from damage to the Wrist Sprains are common injuries to the bones, soft tissues, and blood vessels surrounding the ligaments around the wrist joint. Wrist sprain spinal cord. A seemingly minor injury can cause causes problem by limiting the use of our spinal cord injury due to spinal weakness and the hands. spinal canal protecting the spinal cord become too d) : narrow due to the normal aging process. A high Ankle sprain is a used to describe an Cervical Injury: injury to the ligaments that connect the two When spinal cord injuries occur near the bones of the lower ligament, called a neck, this is called cervical injury. Cervical injury syndesmosis, joint's the bones together and extremely is rare in football. The term '' Cervical runs form the knee to the ankle. In a high Spine" refers to the area around the seven vertebrae ankle syndesmosis is injuries. in the neck, and this is where the fracture can occur. e) Finger Sprain : In football the injury usually occurs by the player Finger sprains are injuries to the ligaments being struck on the head whilst heading the ball. The and soft- tissues around the small joint. force form the blow to the head is transmitted to f) Thumb Sprain : the neck, where it can be resolved as a fracture. An ulnar collateral ligament sprain of the Turf Toe: thumb is a painful injury that may cause Turf toe describes injury to the looseness in base of the thumb where it capsligamentous structure of the metatar so attaches to a hand. phalangeal joint. Hyperextension is the most common mechanism of injury in turf toe. Head Injury: Typically, the forefoot is plant grade and Head injury can be fatal or serious in slightly dorsiflexed, and the heel raised off the football. Head injury usually caused by head Ground. collisions with players, Goalpost, and the ground Muscle Cramp: surface. Football players also frequently use their "They are painful, sustained contraction of unprotected heads to pass or shoot the ball. A all the fiber in a muscle. They can last for just a few Football can hit the head with significant force and seconds or continue for several hours"cramp occurs there has been considerable debate over whether such most frequently under competitive playing '' it may be called a head or brain injury conditions. Increase heat, high humidity fluid loss Groin Injury: fatigue and tension all are contributory factors. A Generally tall and thin athletes built requires player having a previous history of muscle cramp is a mix of aerobic and anaerobic running, kicking, and more likely to infinefloe again. Losses of salt, jumping efforts. Groin injury results from overuse or potassium, Manganese, and even zinc have generally managed conservatively during match and postulated etiologic factors. However the exact cause training session. is not known. Thoracic Injuries : Muscle Pull : When spinal injuries occurs at chest level. It is an acute tear of fiber and Thoracic injuries result from collisions with players, is characterized by sudden localized and persistent goalpost, fall in the ground and direct hit by the ball. pain in a muscle, e. g. horse rider on inner thigh. It is rare injury in football. Email id’s:- [email protected],[email protected] I Mob.08999250451 Page No. website :- www.aiirjournal.com 135

Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ) Vol - VI Issue - IV APRIL 2019 Peer Review e-Journal Impact Factor 5.707 ISSN 2349-638x

Muscle pull resulting from lack of proper warm up also arise following direct injury in which there was before physical activity, poor flexibility, over hemorrhage and swelling in the space. training, lack of co- ordination of activity. Poor Tendon Achillis Bursitis: training and imbalance in muscular strength between This condition is caused by a sub-dermal agonistic and antagonistic muscle particularly two enlargement immediately above the tendon. Achillis joint it also occurs most frequently under competitive insertion although it is not the usual site of burase. It and training conditions. is caused by prolonged pressure from the upper Skier's Thumb: margin of the shoe counter rubbing against a An ulnar collateral ligament sprain of the prominent posterior-superior border or tuberosity of thumb is a painful injury that may cause looseness of the calcaneus. the thumb between base of the thumb where it Fractures: attaches to the hand. An interruption in the continuity of the bone Blisters : which may be a complete break in incomplete break Blisters represent accumulation of fluid or minor crack. within intradermal slits that form primarily from Dislocation: horizontal shearing forces acting upon the skin. The Dislocation of the joint occurs when the slits develop secondary to pickle-cell neurosis and articular surfaces are completely separated from each till with fluid form dermis. other so that all occurs when the articular Stress Fracture: surfaces are partially separated but there is still some The metatarsal and fibula are particularly part of each surface in contact. The main cause of susceptible to stress fracture. This condition appears either dislocation or is trauma. as aching pain, soreness, and distress on function. Congenital malformation of the joint surface can There is no history of injury; however, examination occur and this could result in dislocation, as for will reveal local tenderness over the bone. example in a congenital dislocation of the hip. The Significance of stress fracture of the Plantar Fibromatosus And / Or Heel Spurs: fibula is not great as that of the as the fibula is a This can occur in either the flatfoot or non-weight-bearing bone. Careful rehabilitation is immobile rigid foot with the high arch caused by a imperative the patient develop chronic muscular biomechanical fault or disturbance in function. This disability in the leg. Frequently, by the time of condition usually needs realignment of the foot fault fracture is found the time for immobilization will be by strapping or orthotics. past and the treatment will be careful given to Foot Syndrome, Or Congenital Anatomic muscular restoration, local heat, and ice massage. Disturbance: Fracture Of The Metatarsal Bone : With the first metatarsal bone shorter in In cases without dis placement, partial length than the second metatarsal bone, a resulting immobilization with a zinc oxide-gelatin cast in abnormal biomechanical faults occur because of addition to a semi rigid sole, a rigid sole, or a rigid inability to pronate. postoperative shone will suffice. A semi rigid boot or Inflammation: rigid orthotic can also ne helpful. This is the reaction that occurs in the body Anterior Tibial Syndrome : tissues as the result of an injury or irritant if the The anterior tibia, extensor halluces, and severity of the injury causes destruction of tissue extensor digitorumlongus muscles arise from the then the inflammatory reaction will occur in the anterior compartment of the leg. This compartment is surrounding area. Then an inflammatory process is tightly roofed by the anterior fascia. In the anterior defensive and is an attempt to remove the irritant tibial syndrome, there israted swelling of the muscle debris and dead cells. An inflammatory condition is within the compartment. This may come from active indicated by the addition of the suffix-Itis hence exercise of muscle that have not been previously tonsillitis, br4onchitis, appendicitis and so on. conditioned, resulting in edema and swelling it may

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Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ) Vol - VI Issue - IV APRIL 2019 Peer Review e-Journal Impact Factor 5.707 ISSN 2349-638x

Soft Injuries: Conclusion: Soft Tissue injurie comprises damage to This is bruising without loss of continuity of ligaments, muscles, with synovial sheaths, fibers. It is caused by a blow to the muscle. fascia, and inter articular cartilage. Injuries To Ligaments: References: Sprain, Strain and Rupture are terms used to 1) Chomial J, Junge A, Peterson L, and Dvorak J (2000) Severe injuries in football players. denote injuries. Acute sprain of the ligament is Influencing factors.Am J Sports Med 28: S58- caused by a sudden twisting or wrenching of a joint S68 which results in overstretching of the ligament. It is 2) Hawkins RD, Hulse MA, Wilkinson C, Hodson associated with the muscle controlling the joint being A, and Gibson M (2001) The association football momentarily off guard so that the ligament is medical redearchprogramme: an audit of injuries subjected to the full force of the movement. Only in professional football. some of the fibers are reputed, the severity of the 3) Ostenberg A and Roos H (2000) Injury risk injury depending on the number of fibers affected. factors in female European footboll. A The joint remains stable but the quality of stability prospective stusy of 123 players during one depends on the number of fibers remaining intact. season.Scand J Med Sci Sports 10: 279-285 4) Rahama N, Reilly T, and Lees A (2002) Injury Chronic sprain of a ligament is caused by repetitive risk associated with playing actions during stretching from a minor force which may be due to competitive soccer. Br J Sports Med 36: 354-359 bad postural habit or poor quality of movement. 5) Waston A. Incidence and nature of sports injuries Strain may be used as term in the diagnosis of in Ireland American journal of sports Medicine partially ruptured ligaments but is more commonly 1993; 21: 137-143. applied to muscle and tendon injuries. Complete rupture is disruption of all fibers of the ligament caused by a sudden, violent force such that the joint is unstable. Tendon Injuries: Tendons are strong structures which connect muscle bones. The blends with tendon at the teno- muscular junction and the tendon blends with the periostum at the tendon periosteal junction. Some tendons are enclosed in a synovial sheath. Tendons that do not have a synovial sheath slide smoothly within a compartment at deep fascia. The main cause of tendon injuries may be trausmatic. i.e. Direct cuts, Sudden stretch. These injuries may be partial or complete to the footballers. Tenosynovitis: This is inflammation of the synovial sheath of a tendon. The commonest cause is over use, but pressure may also cause the condition. Rupture: There is complete loss of continuity of muscles fibers. Both strain and rupture are caused by sudden stretching force applied whilst the muscle in contracting.

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