HERITAGE FOREST
Owned by HERITAGE FORESTRY NGATAPA PARTNERSHIP
Forest Management Plan
For the period 2014 / 2019
Prepared by: Kimberley Evison PO Box 1127 | Rotorua 3040 | New Zealand P: 64 7 921 1010 | F: 64 7 921 1020 E: [email protected] | www.pfolsen.com
FOREST MANAGEMENT PLAN FSCGS04 HERITAGE FOREST
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ...... 2 2. Forest Investment Objectives...... 3 3. Forest Landscape Description ...... 5 4. Map 1 - Forest Location Map ...... 10 5. Socio-economic profile and adjacent land...... 11 6. The Regulatory Environment ...... 13 7. Forest Estate Description ...... 17 8. Reserve areas and significant species ...... 20 9. Map 2 - Forest Stands Map ...... 23 10. Forest Products and Other Special Values ...... 24 11. Environmental Risk Management...... 26 12. Commercial Crop Establishment and Silvicultural Operations...... 28 13. Forest Inventory, Mapping and Forest Records ...... 30 14. Harvesting Strategy and Operations ...... 31 15. Property Management and Protection ...... 32 16. Monitoring ...... 37 17. Future Planning...... 39 Annex 1 – District Plan Maps ...... 40 Annex 2 – Gisborne Regional Pest Management Strategy Pests ...... 42
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1. Introduction
Principles and Heritage Forestry Ngatapa Partnership is committed to adopt the Forest Criteria Stewardship Council (FSC) Principles and to meet their Criteria and the FSC standards of good forest management. These standards include ecological, social and economic parameters.
Heritage Forestry Ngatapa Partnership is committed to the PF Olsen FSC Group Scheme that is implemented through the Group Scheme Member Manual and associated documents.
About this Plan This document provides a summary of the forest management plan and contains: Management objectives; A description of the land and forest resources; Environmental safeguards; Identification and protection of rare, threatened and endangered species; Rationale for species selection, management regime and harvest plan and techniques to be used; Appropriate management of unstocked reserve areas; Maps showing plantation area, legal boundaries and protected areas; Provisions for monitoring and protection.
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2. Forest Investment Objectives
Provision of Heritage Forestry Ngatapa Partnership’s objective is to obtain an economic services return on investment while providing environmental benefits, including:
Enhanced water quality; Soil, stabilisation and conservation; Providing a buffer against flooding during storms; Shading waterways for aquatic life; Enhance wildlife and plant habitat leading to increased biodiversity; A reduction in greenhouse gases; Economic and social benefits to the community and Heritage Forestry Ngatapa Partnership.
Forest The forest is managed to: management goals Grow trees and produce logs for the manufacturing of different wood products in New Zealand and overseas with a focus on describe primary products; Ensure that the productivity of the land does not decline; Ensure that environmental values are identified and maintained; Ensure that historic sites are identified and protected; Ensure that other forest values and products are identified, protected and where possible enhanced; Harvest the trees as close as possible to their economic optimum age; Replant following harvesting; and Enter any other objectives specific to the forest area. These objectives are delivered via the Quality Management System implemented by PF Olsen that includes ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certification, and FSC environmental certification (when requested by the customer).
All activities within Heritage Forest are subject to management within a framework set by PF Olsen’s environmental policies and Environmental Management System (EMS).
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Environmental PF Olsen Limited Environmental Policy: policy PF Olsen Ltd is committed to: Sustainable forest and land management;
Promoting high environmental performance standards that recognise the input from the community in which we operate;
Where appropriate applying the Principles and Criteria of the Forest Stewardship Council across forest management.
Substantial additional detailed policies are contained within PF Olsen’s Environmental Management System (EMS).
EMS framework The EMS is a core document defining the policies, processes and procedures that govern the physical implementation of forest management activities. The EMS applies a systematic approach certified to ISO 14001 standards to ensure that prevention of adverse and harmful impacts is effective.
An Environmental Management Group (EMG) assists the Environmental Manager, who is responsible for ensuring that the EMS is maintained and implemented. Internal audits to ensure compliance with the EMS and to improve the procedures of the EMS are undertaken at least once every two years.
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3. Forest Landscape Description
Overview This section describes the physical and legal attributes of the land on which the forest is located. Included in this section are discussions of:
Location and access; Topography; Soils; Climate; Legal ownership and tenure.
Location and Heritage Forest is located off Hillside Road, Ngatapa, 35 kilometres west of access Gisborne port. Hillside Road is a short county road of less than 1.0 kilometre, which services just two other properties. The road will require upgrading to accommodate harvesting operations. It is likely that the forest owner will be required to contribute to the cost of this upgrade. All other county roading leading to Hillside Road is in good repair and suitable for all traffic. A short Right of Way exists from Hillside Road to the forest property. This ROW is registered on the Title 5C 1018.
The ROW links to an internal metal road (Highway) which provides all weather access to the centre of the forest.
There is also an extensive unmetalled tracking system suitable for silvicultural and management requirements. Because tracking is not metalled some damage is incurred during use, particularly in wet weather and therefore annual maintenance is budgeted.
The location of the forest in relation to potential markets is listed in the table below and shown in Map 1.
Table 1: Distances from forest to log markets
Potential Market Distance from Forest (km) Log market or Export Port Gisborne Port 35 Export Napier Port 225 Export Gisborne 28-35 Domestic, Pulp
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Topography Approximately 70% of Heritage Forest is described as moderately steep with the balance being easier rolling country. The ridge systems generally run north to south with many areas suitable for logging skid and hauler sites.
Harvesting of the property will be undertaken using variety of systems from medium sized cable logging machinery through to ground based skidder and tractor logging.
Approximately 90% of the forest drains into the Totangi Stream catchment which flows north, finally reaching the Waikohu river system near Te Karaka township. A small area on the south east of the property flows east into the Parikanapa catchment, finally reaching the Waipaoa River catchment near the Ormond township.
Altitude ranges from 150-230 meters above sea level.
Soils The general geological structure of the area consists of moderately steep hills with a mantle of recent rhyolitic ash. Overlying this parent material is a cover of Taupo ash on mudstones and sandstones.
Soils are described as yellow-grey earths and steepland soils related to yellow-brown pumice soils Otamauri sandy loam hill soil and Moumahaki steepland soils.
These soils, prone to moderate soil slips, are suitable for high producing pasture and commercial afforestation.
Climate Rainfall: The average rainfall at nearby Rangimoe is about 925 mm per annum and is relatively evenly distributed during the year, with peak rainfall in July. (Source: GDC Rangimoe Weather Station).
Temperature: The mean annual temperature is around 11 degrees Celsius (Source: GDC Matawhero Weather Station). The maximum daily temperature ranges from 7.9C (July) to 18.9C (February).
The predominant wind direction is North West.
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Legal ownership The legal description of the land on which the forest is situated is: Certificate of Title Reference Appellation
6A/834 Lot 2 on DP 8243 and Lot 3 DP 8906, Blocks XI and XV Waikohu SD.
The tenure is forestry right. Pacific Equities Ltd owns the land and have granted forestry rights to the Heritage Forestry Ngatapa Partnership.
The ecological Heritage forest falls within the Turanga Ecological District. This District is landscape described as comprising of alluvial plains, low hills and a narrow strip of sand on coast with partially tidal wetland behind; The climate is very warm, sunny; and the soils are mostly alluvial soils on flats, with some volcanic ash soils, steepland and hill soils, and sandy soils on dunes. The whole District was originally coastal and lowland forests and wetlands and is now mostly modified for intensive non-forest agricultural and horticultural use.1
Historically the Gisborne region was heavily developed with extensive tracts of its forest cover cleared to make way, initially for extensive grazing and cropping on the alluvial flats. Few areas remained uncleared and many hill and steepland areas became subject to serious accelerated erosion.
Erosion prompted major afforestation programmes and some areas of farm retirement that have steadily reverted back to Manuka and Kanuka nurse crop forests. However, the past impacts have resulted is significant depletion of native flora and fauna in the region surrounding the Heritage forest.
In a wider context, this environment remains poorly represented in vegetated cover relative to its original extent and that remaining proportion is very poorly represented within the formally protected areas of NZ.
1 http://www.bush.org.nz/ecologicaldistrict/20_03.html
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Protective Status The following table shows vegetation types as required by the National Standard for Plantation Forest Management in New Zealand revised in 2013.
Table 2: Protective status of the ecological landscape
Ecological District (ED) or LENZ type: LENZ D3.1 Original (pre-Maori) percentage of ecosystem type 242,524ha in Ecological District within land title: 100% Natural ecosystem area remaining 40,015ha 16.5% Proportion of remaining natural ecosystem under 3,521ha protection: 8.8% Protection by certificate holder as a % of ED 1.3ha 0.003% Protected areas as a % of management estate 2.3ha 0.7% Protected areas as a % of the aggregated Group 7ha Scheme management estate by Ecological District 1.7%
Threatened The Landcare Threatened Environments Classification (TEC) is a measure of Environments how much indigenous vegetation remains within land environments, its Classification legal protection status, and how past vegetation loss and legal protection are distributed across New Zealand’s landscape. The TEC is a combination of three national databases: Land Environments New Zealand (LENZ) Landcover Database 2 Protected Areas Network
The TEC uses indigenous vegetation cover as a surrogate for indigenous biodiversity, which includes indigenous ecosystems, habitats, and communities; the indigenous species, subspecies and varieties that are supported by indigenous vegetation; and their genetic diversity. It uses legal protection as a surrogate for the relative vulnerability of indigenous biodiversity to pressures such as land clearance, extractive land uses, and the effects of fragmentation. The TEC is therefore most appropriately applied to help identify places that are priorities for formal protection against clearance and/or incompatible land uses, and for ecological restoration to restore lost species, linkages and buffers.
The table on the following page shows the threatened environments classifications as they pertain to Heritage forest estate. The small reserves in Heritage fall within threatened land environments where between only 10 & 20% of the original indigenous cover of the region remains. Continued on next page...
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…continued Table 3: Reserve areas by Threatened Environments Classification
Heritage <10% indigenous cover left
10-20% left 2.3 ha 100% 20-30% left
>30% left and <10% protected
>30% left and 10-20% protected
>30% left and >20% protected
TOTAL 2.3ha 100.0%
…continued The TEC status of the small reserves reflects the history of intensive pastoralism in the area. While the quality of the reserves is not high they nevertheless have value due to their paucity in the overall landscape.
Figure 1: Forest by Threatened Environments Classification
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4. Map 1 - Forest Location Map
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5. Socio-economic profile and adjacent land
Forest history Prior to being established in trees, the property was run as a sheep and beef hill country farm.
Current social The Gisborne region, in which Heritage Forest falls, is one of the lesser profile populated regions in New Zealand (from Statistics NZ):
44,496 people 13th largest population out of the 16 regions in NZ 1.1% of New Zealand’s population Maori population size ranks 9th out of the 16 regions in NZ
Combining data from the Atlas of Deprivation (Ministry of Health) and average income from Statistics NZ, it is apparent that the Gisborne region is less wealthy and more deprived than the averages for NZ.
Heritage forest was established as a business venture amongst private investors. As a resource it forms a small incremental part of a large permanently managed regional series of plantation estates owned by a number of corporate and private entities. In total these combine to produce a harvest of several hundred thousand cubic metres per annum.
The forest provides intermittent low levels of employment in its mid rotation stage and at harvest will contribute minor additional contract labour opportunities to the wider regional pool although a significant work content for those actually directly employed over the harvesting period.
The local economy is diverse comprising viticulture, pastoral farming, forestry, tourism and aquaculture/fishing with much of the labour pool focussed in the nearby city of Gisborne and its immediate surrounds. As such the nature and scale of activities within the Heritage forest will have only minor influence upon the regional socio-economic profile of its surrounds.
Associations with The iwi group associated with the land of Heritage forest is Te Whanau-a- Tangata Whenua Kai Hapu Trust. Maori comprise nearly 50% of the local city population.
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Tenure & resource A check of the Maori land online website returned no known results. rights
Neighbours Neighbours to the forest estate boundaries have a special interest in the management of the forest. Activities within the forest may positively or negatively impact upon their quality of life or businesses in a number of ways, while inappropriately managed operations could create risks of adverse health, safety and environmental hazards. Neighbours may use the forests for recreational purposes or place reliance on the forests for provision of water quality or quantity services. Boundary issues such as weed and pest control, access and boundary alignment issues may also involve neighbours.
The following table lists the forest neighbours and their primary activities. Some or all of these parties should be consulted when operations are proposed in forest areas adjacent to their boundaries.
Table 4: Forest neighbours
Owner/Occupier Contact # Location Activities Other Notes Simon and Caroline 06 863 9876 North West Farming Cave 06 868 9759 Hamish & Amanda Cave 06 863 9861 Farming and Richard Stanard Totangi Farms Ltd 06 863 9812 North East Farming Wi Pere Trust 06 867 4739 Farming Micheal Vette South East Farming Paul & Barbara Larsen 06 863 9009 South Farming Patrick McIldowie 06 863 9502 South West Farming
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6. The Regulatory Environment
Regulatory In order to minimise the risk to forest owners, managers and contractors, considerations it is important that relevant legislation and agreements are identified and appropriate measures put in place to ensure that breaches of legislation are avoided.
The following legislation and agreements summarise key regulatory and voluntary controls that currently apply to forest operations in the forest.
Resource Heritage Forest is subject to the provisions of the Resource Management Management Act Act (RMA) 1991. The RMA sets up a resource management system that promotes the sustainable management of natural and physical resources and is now the principal statute for the management of land, water, soil and other resources in New Zealand.
Under the RMA, Heritage Forest falls under the Gisborne District Council which is a unitary authority that undertakes the combined regulatory functions of both a district and regional council land management, biodiversity, soil conservation and water quality issues.
Unitary Plan Heritage Forest falls under the jurisdiction of the Gisborne District Council (unitary authority). The current plan was notified in January 2006.
Under the plan this block is zoned as rural general. Gisborne council also uses land zonation to define the scope of many of its rules controlling the effects of land based activities. The zones are mapped on the basis of “land use capability” classes. In the case of Heritage forest, the area under plantation is a combination of “land overlay 1”, “land overlay 2” and “land overlay 3”.
Rules as they currently affect Heritage Forest are:
Table 5: Unitary Plan rules as they affect forestry
Rule Ref Status Requirement Harvesting & Earthworks 6.9.1 Permitted Land disturbance and vegetation removal ARE NOT PERMITTED ACTIVITIES. 6.9.3 Restricted Plantation forest clearance: Where an area of discretionary plantation to be cleared is greater than 500m2 on slopes over 350 or less than 50mm of topsoil over 25% of the cleared area. The consent application will not be publicly notified except in specific situations.
Continued on next page...
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…continued
6.9.3 Restricted Land disturbance including roading involving side discretionary cutting >0.5m over any contiguous 20m length in any 3 month period or involving the disturbance of more that 10m3 of soil over the same period. The consent application will not be publicly notified except in specific situations. Work in beds of rivers 7.7.2 Permitted Maintenance and repair of existing legally established structures except dams. 7.7.3 Permitted Installation of fords & culverts in catchments, <100ha with a design 5 yr return flood flow capacity installed outside fish spawning periods of 1st May to 1st October, and subject to fish passage being maintained and sediment discharge levels returned to normal after construction as well as other design features ALL OF WHICH MUST BE OBSERVED. 7.7.4 Permitted Disturbance, removal, damage or destruction to vegetation in the bed of a lake or river ( e.g riparian vegetation during cable harvesting), provided that, no material is deposited in or where it can enter a permanently flowing river 7.8.1 Controlled Suspension of hauler cables over stream beds for the purposes of harvesting wood where the logs cannot be fully suspended over the stream. Forestry General 9.A7 Permitted Agrichemical use and storage carried out in accordance with the Agrichemical code of Practice NZS8409: 2004 21.9.1.1 Permitted Forestry – planting & growing of plantation forests is permitted provided that; 21.13.1.2 Permitted No vegetation will shade any sealed carriageway between 10am & 2pm on the shortest day (unless already shaded by topography), no planting within 20m of the centreline of any formed public road & no planting closer than 10m to an adjoining property or 30m to an existing dwelling on an adjoining property. 21.8.6 Permitted New vehicle access ways provided the sight lines specified in table 1 of the rule can be met. 11.12.4.2 Permitted Farming /forestry related noise in the rural general zone is excluded from the threshold limits subject to using the “best practicable option” to limit noise.
Continued on next page...
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…continued
Air Quality Plan Agrichemicals and Burning 14.1 Permitted The widespread application of agrichemicals (except Phenoxy herbicides) is permitted subject to conditions including; Management in accordance with NZS8409:2004, Preparation of a spray plan in accordance with NZS8402 No spraying in winds >15km/hr No spraying in riparian zones as defined in the combined land and district plan. 14.2 All parties/contractors have Growsafe/approved handler qualifications.
Historic and Under the Historic Places Act 1993 it is the landowner’s responsibility to archaeological identify any historic sites on their land prior to undertaking any work sites which may disturb or destroy such sites. Records of archaeological and historical places are maintained in the NZ Archaeological Association (NZAA) Site Recording Scheme http://www.archsite.org.nz/ .
If a site is found or suspected on any block, the protocols specified in PF Olsen’s EMS, and any others specifically developed in conjunction with HPT and Iwi or other stakeholders, must be observed. Where such circumstances require, an ‘Authority to Modify or Destroy’ will be sought from HPT. Such authorities are similar in function to a resource consent and, if granted, normally come with conditions that must be met. The process to apply for authorities is documented in PF Olsen’s EMS.
Note also that authorities to modify an archaeological site may sometimes be required from the local District Council and sites of cultural significance are often included in schedules of places and sites of significance in District Plans. Update checks for any sites will be required before any harvesting or related earthworks commences.
Checks of the NZAA website show no known records within any considerable distance of this block. However, a check of the Archaeological Site Probability model published by the Department of Conservation 2 suggests that the coastal nature of the general Gisborne area increases the likelihood of archaeological sites being present. Advice from an archaeologist would likely be recommended prior to undertaking works in Heritage Forest.
2 Arnold, G.; Newsome, P.; Heke, H. 2004: Predicting archaeological sites in New Zealand. DOC Science Internal Series 180. Department of Conservation, Wellington. 24 p.
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Consents & There are no current resource consents or HPT authorities that apply to authorities held Heritage Forest.
The Emissions Forests in New Zealand are governed by rules related to New Zealand’s Trading Scheme Kyoto commitments to reduce the nation’s carbon footprint and contribution to associated climate change.
Heritage Forest was planted on ‘Kyoto compliant’ land that was vacant as at 31st December 1989. These forest areas have not been registered to participate in the NZ Emissions Trading Scheme and are not subject to the accrual of emissions credits and liabilities under that scheme.
Environmental All operations carried out on the property should be undertaken to the Code of Practice standards specified in the New Zealand Environmental Code of Practice for Plantation Forestry. This document sets out guidelines which ensure safe and efficient forest operations that meet the requirements of sound and practical environmental management.
Forest Road Roading and engineering techniques employed within the forest should Engineering conform to the industry best practice as outlined in the New Zealand Manual Forest Owners Association publication, “NZ Forest Road Engineering Manual”, published 2012.
Other relevant For a comprehensive list of relevant legislation refer to PF Olsen’s EMS. legislation Forest owners can be held liable for breaches of these Acts and may be held responsible for damage to third party property. Appropriate protection should be taken to minimise these risks.
Other relevant legislation includes:
Biosecurity Act 1993 Forest and Rural Fires Act 1977 Forests Amendment Act 1993 (Forests Act 1949) Pesticides Act 1979 Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992 Conservation Act 1997
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7. Forest Estate Description
Forest area The net stocked areas have been measured from a map produced by PF Olsen. The estimated net stocked areas of each stand are set out in the following table.
Table 6: Forest area (ha) Gross area Net stocked Area awaiting Reserves Other area restocking 344.5 342.2 0 2.3 4.2 (OLB)
Unproductive areas include stocking gaps, roads and tracks, and other small unplanted areas. Total unproductive area has been derived by subtraction.
Current species The species grown at Heritage Forest is Pinus radiata (radiata pine). This species has been chosen to best meet the management objectives set out above and in section 2 given the characteristics of the forest land as described in section 3.
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Productivity The two most common estimators of the productivity of a site are the Site indices index and 300 index.
Site index is a measure of productivity of a site in terms of height growth of radiata pine at age 20.
The 300 index is a measure of productivity of a site based on stem volume growth (mean annual increment) of 300 stems per hectare.
The site index for Heritage Forest is approximately 36. The 300 index for Heritage Forest is approximately 32.
Heritage Forest is at the higher end of site productivity in the general area for forestry sites.
Current crop Measurement data from the most recent inventory was summarised to status give the current status of the crop. This is shown in the table below.
Table 7: Current crop status
Total Basal Pruned Pruned Year NSA Mean top Mean Stand stocking area stocking height planted (ha) Ht (m) DBH (cm) (s/ha) (m2/ha) (s/ha) (m) HERI- 1993 128.5 362 13.2 17.1 23.2 317 6.9 1-01 HERI- 1992 112.3 331 14.1 16.6 24.6 304 6.8 2-01 HERI- 1992 41.1 347 15.2 16.2 22.2 338 6.9 3-01 HERI- 1995 52.5 372 13.4 15.4 22.4 340 6.8 3-02
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Age class The age class distribution of Heritage Forest is illustrated below: distribution
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8. Reserve areas and significant species
Introduction Indigenous biodiversity management in or associated with exotic forests is an essential component of everyday forest management. Although exotic forests can provide a level of biodiversity, the reserve areas are usually the source of most indigenous biodiversity. Rare and threatened species can also be found associated with exotic forests and require special attention for management.
Reserve areas Heritage Forest having previously been pasture contains almost no remnant indigenous ecosystems. What there is, while occupying a land environment categorisation that is relatively under represented and under protected, is significantly modified and degraded containing mainly recolonising species rather than the original canopy cover.
However, a small isolated patch of secondary forest does contain a presence of koehekoe, the last vestige pointing to the warm lowland forest that would have previously existed.
A further small area of flax and several regenerating manuka and tutu exist in a confined gully and are likely to provide a useful seasonal food source for transitory tui.
A third area is linked to a larger external area that has been listed as an SNA TeWai TR19 under the District Plan (Annex 1). This area is described as a 13 ha area with pokaka-kahikatea, tawa forest, tawa-titoki forest, and kanuka forest and scrub.
All three areas have been protected although two of them, SECF-01 and SCRUB-01 receive only low ranking, despite their LENZ type, due to the extent of modification and very small size and isolation.
There remain a number of very narrow riparian margins in steep gullies that were open unplantable slip zones. These are largely becoming overtopped by the radiata canopy but will nevertheless develop a low shrub understorey over time if undisturbed. Protection of these areas from harvest damage will be almost impossible but their future role and especially the capacity to expand them can be reassessed at that time.
The protected ecosystems are shown on the Forest Stands Map in Section 9.
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Table 8: Protected ecosystems and reserve areas
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Rare and There are no known rare or threatened species in this forest which is to be threatened expected given the past clearance history and lack of connectivity with species other large tracts of indigenous forest.
The only native bird of significance sighted so far is the tui which while not threatened is a species dependent upon nectar bearing trees and shrubs and its presence is probably due to the flax resource in the protected SCRUB_01 stand.
There is a possibility that the threatened NZ falcon could make use of the area once harvesting commences as the cutover habitat is now known to favour the species through the provision of good prey habitat.
CITES species CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between governments.
Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten the survival of the species in the wild, and it accords varying degrees of protection to more than 34,000 species of animals and plants.
The full list of New Zealand CITES listed species are available in the EMS, or online at http://www.doc.govt.nz/about- doc/role/international/endangered-species/cites-species/nz-cites-listed- species/ .
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9. Map 2 - Forest Stands Map
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10. Forest Products and Other Special Values
Introduction Forest plantations can provide non-timber forest products and special values that enhance the economic wellbeing of the owner or legitimate forest users. Non-timber products are an important means of maximising the production capacity of the forest whilst maintaining environmental and social values. The forest management plan provides procedures for developing and managing these resources.
Environmental and Forests can deliver numerous social and environmental products, both Social cost-benefit positive and negative to varying degrees. These non-timber products can analysis be difficult to quantify, unlike financial costs and benefits.
The table below rates the relative positivity and negativity of the more common social and environmental products produced by Heritage Forest relative to the most likely alternative primary production system, pastoral drystock farming.
Table 9: Environmental and social cost-benefit analysis Environmental or social product Increasingly negative Neutral Increasingly positive -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 Soil stabilisation Erosion/soil loss HP MR Water quality HP MR Riparian shading HP MR Water quantity MR HP Carbon sequestration Native wildlife habitat Threatened fauna Native fish Air quality HP MR Native reserve protection Landscape/visual HP MR Recreation Commercial forest use Firewood HP Local employment MR HP NB: where the ratings differ throughout a rotation, ‘MR’ is used to indicate the mid rotation (growing) stage of the forest, and ‘HP’ refers to during or post-harvest
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Non-timber forest There are no non-timber products currently being produced or developed products in Heritage Forest.
Other special The following potential special values have been identified in Heritage values Forest:
Beekeeping Possum fur recovery
Recreational Heritage Forest receives some low recreational demand from the wider usage public. The main recreational use of Heritage Forest is for hunting duck, deer and other animals.
The forest will continue to be open for legitimate use subject to entry by permit.
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11. Environmental Risk Management
Assessment of Several areas of typical forest management have been identified as environmental risks posing a possible environmental risk within Heritage Forest. The Environmental Assessment Matrix below summarises the identified risks for Heritage Forest. The level of risk has been evaluated in the matrix as high ‘H’ or low ‘L’, or not applicable ‘NA’.
Prior to operations such as clearfelling, land preparation and production thinning, an assessment is undertaken to quantify the risk involved in carrying out the particular operation, and steps are implemented to manage the risks.
ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES/ISSUES
& other&
rol
Forestry Operational
Activities
iment Cont
- Water Quality Soil Conservation Quality & Air Quality Aquatic Life Native Wildlife Native Vegetation Historical & Cultural Values Landscape & Visual Values Neighbours forest users Public Utilities Recreation Values Erosion& Sed Harvesting H H H L L L L L L H L H Earthworks H H H L L L L L L L L L Slash Management L L L L L L L L L L L L Stream Crossings H H L L H L L L L L L L Mechanical Land NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Preparation Burning L L L H L L L L H H L H Planting L L L L L L L L L L L L Tending L L L L L L L L L L L L
Fertiliser Application L H L L H L L L L L L L
Agrichemical Use L H L L H L H L L H H H Oil & Fuel Management L H L L H L L L L H L L Waste Management L L L L L H L L L L L L Forest Protection L L L L L L L L L L L L
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Hazardous Hazardous substances are any substances, which may cause adverse substances environmental impacts and/or injury or health problems if incorrectly management handled or used.
The hazardous materials which may be used within Heritage Forest are: Pesticides; Fuels and oils; Fire retardants; Surfactants. Transportation, storage and labelling of these hazardous materials must all comply with the provisions of the Health and Safety Manual, which is maintained under ISO 9001 certification and incorporate legislative controls under EPA and NZS 8409:2004 Management of Agrichemicals code of practice.
Furthermore, the forest manager is committed to reducing the use of hazardous substances as much as possible. This involves use of alternative methods for the control of weeds, pests and diseases where these are effective and efficient. The use of fuels and oils is minimised where possible. Fire retardants are only used when required and surfactants are only used to make more efficient use of specific herbicides.
FSC highly There are four agrichemicals that have been classified ‘highly hazardous’ hazardous by FSC that are used in forestry and conservation operations within PF chemicals Olsen certified forests. Special derogations to continue usage subject to conditions are maintained by PF Olsen.
Table 10: Highly hazardous chemicals used by PF Olsen
Active ingredient Purpose Common usage Terbuthylazine Gorse and grass control Once/twice per to aid establishment rotation Hexazinone Bracken, grass, pampas Some specific sites and blackberry Sodium cyanide Possum control (ground- Rare based) Sodium Possum control Rare; usually by Animal Monofluoroacetate Health Board (1080)
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12. Commercial Crop Establishment and Silvicultural Operations
Introduction Forest operations are implemented to ensure a good quality crop and maximum growth. These operations include land preparation, establishment, weed control, pest and disease control, fire protection, pruning and thinning, and general property asset maintenance.
Crop species In Heritage Forest, the main crop species grown is radiata pine.
Radiata pine, when intensively managed, will produce a range of different log types suitable for various processing options. The pruned butt log can be used to make knot-free veneer or decorative timber. The unpruned logs can be used for structural timber, for veneer or for feedstock for fingerjointing. The small logs and those with defects and excessive knots can be used for pulp and paper, MDF and other reconstituted wood products such as tri-board and particle board.
Radiata pine is the most common species processed in New Zealand and export markets are well developed for both finished products and logs.
In New Zealand radiata pine is also the main focus in terms of research and development. Past research and development has resulted in improvements in growth, form and wood characteristics as well as development of a range of finished products, building codes and timber standards.
Alternative species have been considered, but these did not meet the Heritage Forestry Ngatapa Partnership objectives.
Establishment There is no establishment planned at Heritage Forest during the period of this management plan except that which will follow any harvesting that takes place.
Re-establishment will aim to use high quality treestocks suitable for the site and market. These will be investigated at time of establishment.
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Pre-establishment Prior to re-establishment of the tree crop, a review will be conducted to forest flora and identify whether there are any rare, threatened or endangered species of fauna flora or fauna within the area to be planted and what, if any, adjustments in planning may be required. This may include the extension of an existing wildlife corridor or riparian area by increasing setbacks at the time of crop replanting. A plantation crop is likely to confer beneficial habitat buffering rather than cause adverse effects.
These considerations are covered by the afforestation checklist and riparian rules contained within the EMS.
Tending The radiata pine stands at Heritage forest are managed on a pruned regime. The target pruned height is 6.5 metres, and typically one waste thinning operation will be completed to a final crop stocking of around 350 stems per hectare.
Tending at Heritage forest is complete. A sampling programme nearer to harvest time is recommended to determine actual pruned log quality.
Tree nutrition The soils in Heritage Forest are not likely to be deficient in nutrients for healthy tree growth. However, there are soils within New Zealand that are deficient in one or more nutrients. The most common nutrient deficiencies are likely to be:
Magnesium – Magnesium deficiency is a particular problem of the
Central North Island and is associated with the phenomenon known
as mid crown yellowing where the middle of the tree crown turns a
yellow colour. Heavily pruned trees and some seedlots are more predisposed to the deficiency than others. Boron – Boron deficient trees can suffer dieback from the terminal buds and this symptom is closely associated with moisture stress and drought. Trees growing on the drier East Coast of both Islands and on the pumice soils of the Central North Island are prone to boron deficiency. Foliar samples will be taken if nutrient deficiency symptoms are seen or expected. Fertiliser will only be applied if the health and the growth of the trees are significantly affected.
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13. Forest Inventory, Mapping and Forest Records
Inventory Forest growth and development is monitored through forest inventory. Forest inventories providing stand information are required at different times and for different reasons throughout the life of the rotation. PF Olsen have procedures for each of the following four types of inventory to be applied on Heritage Forest: Pre-assessment: for silviculture rate setting and validating operational timing vs silvicultural targets; Quality control: to check contractor’s performance and update stand records; Mid crop: to collect measurement inputs for growth modelling; Pre-harvest: to obtain estimates of recovery by log grade.
Mapping Digital mapping of Heritage Forest currently exists, but will require updating from time to time as the forest changes.
The digital data is retained, processed and managed on PF Olsen’s GIS (Geographic Information System) to an accuracy fit for purpose.
Stands are remapped from new aerial photography around age four (when the trees are visible on aerial photography) to accurately determine boundaries and areas and around two years prior to harvesting to assist with harvest planning.
Forest records Forest records are essential in monitoring the forest operations by providing a historic perspective to the physical condition of each stand. Heritage Forest records are maintained on PF Olsen’s FIPS system (Forest Information and Planning System). These record systems allow for fast retrieval of information, production of reports and statistics and provide a comprehensive audit trail.
Forest records are essential to understand the status and condition of forest stands, reserves, and important fauna species as well as the retention of inventory data and operation monitoring data.
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14. Harvesting Strategy and Operations
Harvesting strategy As a plantation with a non-normalised age-class structure, the harvesting strategy employed at Heritage Forest is to harvest the forest or constituent stands as close as possible to the optimum economic age as practical. This is the age at which the growth in volume and improvement in quality is offset by the cost to maintain the forest for another year. The optimum rotation length (for radiata pine) is expected to be within 25 to 30 years (this may be less for framing or unpruned stands).
Of importance in this assessment is the actual growth of the tree crop, the market for the wood at the time of the harvest and the outlook then and for the near future. These factors, together with logistics such as the availability of suitable harvest contractors and the requirements of resource consents, will determine the actual harvest time.
Getting harvest Forward planning is essential when considering harvesting activities. ready Harvest planning should ideally commence 2 years before harvesting to enable roading infrastructure to be developed and any resource consents, archaeological surveys, etc. to be undertaken. This reduces the chance of hold-ups to the commencement of harvesting, which can be costly when log prices are fluctuating.
Harvest planning is conducted within a detailed structured framework controlled within the PF Olsen FIPS system. Planners are guided through a total of 100 elements involving environmental, cultural, community, infrastructural, and safety issues that must be addressed as well as direct operational and economic considerations, prior to the issuing of final prescriptions.
Harvest planning is expected to commence for this forest during the term of this plan though harvesting may not start. Harvesting operations if commenced will be undertaken by contractor and supervised by the forest manager.
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15. Property Management and Protection
Statutory pest Pest management within Heritage Forest is subject to statutory obligations obligations under the Regional Pest Management Strategy administered by the Gisborne unitary authority.
The Strategy applies to both pest plants and animals and categorises them in terms of management objectives. The categories and landowner obligations are summarised in the table below.
Table 11: Statutory pest regulations
Gisborne District Council Regional Pest Management Strategy Pest Category Plant pest objectives Animal Pest Objectives Eradication NA Eradication Total Control Long term = eradication; Short term Reduction in density and range on a = contain distribution & reduce targeted, planned basis density Containment Prevent infestation of un- infested NA neighbouring areas & reduce density/distribution long term. Limited control Reduce adverse effects through Reduction in population density in better management & education specific areas Regional Prevent establishment in region Prevent establishment in region Surveillance Forest Landowner Obligations Eradication NA NA Total Control Destruction of plants whenever and Destruction of animals as required wherever they occur by rules Containment Destruction of plants along specified NA (plants) or total boundaries or to prevent seeding control (animals) Limited control Destruction of plants as required Destruction of animals as required Regional NA Destruction of animals as required Surveillance Full details of classifications and obligations are listed in sections 3.2 & 3.3 of the Pest Management Strategy.
The full list of plant and animal pest species are contained in Annex 1
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Pest control The PF Olsen Integrated Pest Management provides guidance on application and execution of the PF Olsen Ltd Environmental Management System (EMS) for pest control and chemical use.
The main animal pest in Heritage Forest is the introduced possum. Possums attack the growing tips of both plantation and native trees, causing stem malformation and die back. Possums are also a threat to neighbouring property owners who are farmers as they can carry and spread tuberculosis to domestic stock.
Other pests include rabbits and hares at the time of establishment and wild goats during the first half of the crop rotation when bark is soft and palatable.
Animal pests in Heritage Forest will be controlled using ground control methods as required, which prevent impacts on non-target species. The forest manager will coordinate operations with organisations such as the Regional Council and the Department of Conservation to achieve effective and efficient control with in the forest area and on neighbouring land, where required.
Disease control Diseases, which can affect the forest trees and adjacent native vegetation, are monitored throughout the year by the forest manager, and once a year by a professional independent forest health assessor. Most diseases cause little damage and do not require control. The exception is Dothistroma, a fungus which attacks pine needles. This fungus is controlled using a copper-based fungicide, but only when the infection reaches a critical level.
Dothistroma infection can also be controlled though silviculture by timely thinning and pruning operations, which increases air movement and lowers humidity levels.
Dothistroma control is unlikely to be required in Heritage Forest during the period of this plan.
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Protected PF Olsen’s Conservation and Ecology Manual provides detailed guidance ecosystems, and specification on the application and execution of ecological reserves and management targets and actions, as are broadly laid out in the species Environmental Management System (EMS). Programs for ecological management are specified and monitored in FIPS Ecological Management module.
The Significant Natural area designated under the district plan will be fully protected from any harvest damage and fire. Cooperation in any pest control operations will also be given if the parties responsible for the bulk of the area seek assistance.
For the other two stands, SECF-01 & SCRUB-01, protection from fire and harvest damage will be the primary objective along with any co-benefits that accrue from pest management in the surrounding plantation.
The ongoing monitoring, and if necessary control of barberry, especially after harvesting will be maintained.
Ecological Heritage Forest is a small (SLIMF) forest as defined under the FSC New equivalence Zealand Standard. By these definitions the forest avoids the requirement to have 5% of its area under protection but and the FSC estates within the Group Scheme must in aggregate achieve a level of 10% of the certified estate within each Ecological District also under protection. Where such thresholds cannot be met, there are other mechanisms generally termed ‘ecological equivalence actions’ that can be undertaken to meet the standard.
Heritage Forest falls into the Turanga ecological district which at a Group level has 1.7% of its managed area in reserves. The district has a shortfall of reserves of 33.8 ha. This shortfall is made up for by the surplus of reserve area in the adjacent ecological district of Waiapu. The table below illustrates how the requirements will be met.
>1000 ha <1000 ha (L) (SLIMF) Forest Size √ Meets 5% internal threshold - NA 10% Ecological District Requirement - Met within forest - N - Met by eco district adjacency eco equivalence effort. - Y - Met by eco region adjacency eco equivalence effort. - -
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Fire prevention With the weather patterns normally experienced in New Zealand during and control the period late spring/summer, fire can be a real threat to the forest. This can be minimised by: 1. Having an effective fire plan; 2. Active prevention measures which include restrictions on allowable access, fire prevention signage, publicity when fire danger prevails, access to adequate water sources, constructing and maintaining firebreaks, and selective forest grazing to reduce fuel within stands; 3. Effective detection systems which includes good communication systems, mapping, and fire plan alert procedures; 4. A close link with the relevant fire authorities, and an understanding of equipment and trained manpower requirements, and 5. Good forest management that recognises the influence of terrain, roading network and accessibility, and fuel build-up from silvicultural practice, that will influence fire prevention and control measures.
Fire authority The legal responsibility for fighting forest fires lies with the respective responsibilities territorial land authorities where the forest is situated. In the case of Heritage Forest the Rural Fire Authority (RFA) is the Eastland Rural Fire District.
In the event of a fire that starts within the forest, the RFA is responsible for attending and providing the resources to extinguish the fire. Where a fire starts outside the forested area and moves into the forest, the RFA has recourse to the Rural Fire Fighting Fund to compensate for fire fighting costs.
There is a close liaison with the RFA in terms of developing the ‘fire plan’ and the maintenance of good communication relative to potential risks and fire danger ratings.
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Fire insurance With regard to the location of the forest and the high public activity around the fringes, there will always be the potential for fire. If a fire originates within the forest, the owners will ultimately be liable for suppression costs. A major fire may cost many thousands of dollars to extinguish, with the main costs being the use of heavy machinery, helicopters, and manpower.
Insurance for Heritage Forest is held by Heritage Forestry Ngatapa Partnership. The current extent of cover is:
Fire fighting cover (the costs of fire suppression) of $500,000. Cover for the crop value and re-establishment costs are retained based on a recognised crop valuation, but reviewed on an annual basis.
Heritage Forestry Ngatapa Partnership should liaise closely with the forest manager at the time of fire insurance renewals and if necessary instruct the forest manager to keep premiums paid up.
Public liability It is recommended that Heritage Forestry Ngatapa Partnership maintain insurance public liability insurance cover, with a fire fighting extension, to indemnify against unforeseen adverse activity both within the forest area and adjoining land tenure. In the case of fire spreading from Heritage Forest onto adjoining land, Heritage Forestry Ngatapa Partnership would be liable for the fire fighting costs and any damage to property.
There is public liability insurance currently held by Heritage Forestry Ngatapa Partnership for Heritage Forest.
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16. Monitoring
Introduction To ensure that the management objectives identified in this plan are being achieved, various monitoring exercises outside normal operations management have been developed. Monitoring results are summarised and reported to Heritage Forestry Ngatapa Partnership as and when required and are also, where appropriate, made publicly available through the PF Olsen webpage.
Values monitored Management inspections are completed regularly during operations and periodically between times to monitor all aspects of the forest growth, health and conditions. The findings of the inspections are detailed and, where appropriate, summarised on the PF Olsen FSC website. The full monitoring framework implemented and applicable to Heritage Forest is tabulated below. Environmental Process Monitoring Framework Monitored Include Components Data Source Data Reporting / Element medium Website frequency Chemical A.I usage/ Area overuse operations FIPS On demand / usage supervisors Form annual Consultation Complaints operations Annual / annual activity supervisors & Form planners Environment Incident number operations FIPS On demand / al incidents / categories supervisors Form annual Flora & fauna Species & Status operations FIPS Annual / annual frequencies/ new finds supervisors, public, Form crews Forest estate Area (plantation & management FIPS stand On demand / structure Protected ecosystem)/ plans/stand records records annual age-class/ species/forest type/protection status Forest growth PSP protocols / periodic contractors To be Periodic-annual – inventory. ISO 9001 established not on web Forest health Disease & health National Forest document Periodic-annual – surveillance not on web program3
Continued on next page...
3 Forest health inspections are undertaken annually, by an independent specialist forest health assessor, through the NZ Forest Owners Association forest health scheme.
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...continued
FSC Block/ location/name FIPS register FIPS client On demand / membership database annual Health and LTI / accidents & operations FIPS Monthly/ annual safety incidents. supervisors statistics Internal Audit Frequency * category Auditors/ees FIPS Annual / annual CAR activity Form Log On Total logs/ FSC markets log dockets Woodtrack On demand / production harvest annual Operational Audit trends/cause operations FIPS Monthly / monitoring analysis supervisors Form annual Pests RTC / kill returns or supervisors FIPS Form Annual where other /contractors relevant Protected X Condition Contractors/ To be Bi-annual if ecosystem trends/photopoint supervisors established restoration condition monitoring initiated High NA Condition Contractors/ To be Bi-annual if Conservation trends/photopoint supervisors established restoration Value forests monitoring initiated Recreational Permits issued branch offices / FIPS Annual / annual & non-timber forest security Form Resource NA Number/compliance operations planners FIPS 6 monthly / consents annual Stream NA Clarity +/- other specific supervisors Spreadsheet Monthly / monitoring /contractors annual where relevant Environment Courses, numbers, Staff FIPS Annual/as al training names Form relevant Client Post-operation client clients Survey form Post-operational satisfaction survey /annual Social survey Demographics, values, contractors Survey form 5 yearly/annual work conditions
Financial Budget versus expenditure is monitored through the PF Olsen FIPS system and presented to Heritage Forestry Ngatapa Partnership when requested. This information is not made public.
Social Consultation with stakeholders has been undertaken and constant feedback from these stakeholders (and others as they become apparent) is monitored. This includes actions undertaken to resolves disputes and issues.
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17. Future Planning
Introduction This plan pertains to the management of Heritage Forest and will be adhered to for the next 5 years. Any deviation from this plan will be justified only on the basis that the changes do not adversely affect the environment. Any changes which are contrary to the policies contained in this management plan require a full review of this plan.
The next review date for this plan is June 2019.
The forest management plan is used for both medium and long term planning.
Operation plans For the short term we use operation plans. These plans are prepared annually in accordance with this management plan. This operation plan and associated budget are subject to approval by Heritage Forestry Ngatapa Partnership at the beginning of each financial year.
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Annex 1 – District Plan Maps
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Annex 2 – Gisborne Regional Pest Management Strategy Pests
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