Volume V Number 48 February 2011 Conversion kits review: 2010 and the future

Iran China Proposed cylinder LNG Gaining safety detection momentum system

2 February 2011 Summary

New component suppliers and 4 projects in Asia

More conversion kits and fueling Asian NGV Communications is a publication components factories in Asia. By end of of NGV Communications Group, publishing December, OGRA has given permission house and fairs-conferences organizer: to eight firms to manufacture ... www.ngvgroup.com In Europe, we print The Gas Vehicles Report, Vehicle conversion in 2010: GVR, and www.ngvguide.com, the 16 top-10 nations International NGV Guide. In Argentina, the Group publishes Prensa Despite of global economic slow down, Vehicular, Argentine CNG Guide, maps, some countries still show a significant books and brochures while in Brazil, Folha NGV increase especially in Asia and do GNV, Brazilian NGV Guide, maps and South America. posters, among others. In Peru Prensa Vehicular Peru. More info: www.ngvgroup.com LNG gaining momentum in China The signed articles are exclusive responsibility of 26 the authors, as well as advertising companies and agencies are responsible for the published ads. “LNG for transport is gaining interest in the largest motor-vehicle market, is member of the China,” said Major Chu, Senior ANGVA (Asia Pacific Marketing Manager Asia Pacific of ... NGV Association)

New manufacturers of CNG Improving CNG fueling segment 19 conversion kits 29 in Indonesia

Promoting the use and benefits NGV 2011 Berlin: more stand KOREA 20 of CNG 29 variations

300-5, Changchon-Ri n Namsan-Myun Chuncheon-Si n Kangwon-Do n 200-911 Iranian approach in monitoring Business Centre: Aldesa, Tel. +82 33 260 3419 Fax +82 33 260 3459 22 safety aspects of NGVs 32 Europegas, Omnitek, Versusgas [email protected] www.ngvjournal.com Higher alternative fuel output in Fuel price survey in China ITALY 28 2011 for Thailand 35

Vicolo Gonzaga 13 ■ 46045 Marmirolo (Mn) Tel.: +39 0376 294055 Copies distribution [email protected] www.ngvjournal.com We print and mail to 24 Asian Armenia Singapore countries around 4,000 hard Australia Taiwan ARGENTINA copies addressed to conversion Azerbaijan Thailand centres, Oil & Gas companies, Bangladesh Turkey Uspallata 711 ■ CP 1268 ■ Capital Federal OEM NGVs, governmental related China United Arab Emirates Tel./Fax: +54 11 43074559 /5201/ 43006137 offices, filling station owners, Egypt Vietnam [email protected] equipment suppliers, related India www.ngvjournal.com associations and industries. Indonesia If your NGV business is in Asia, PERU Iran the Pacific, and the Middle East, In addition, the electronic version Israel advertise with us! Av. Brasil 3222 oficina 403 - of the magazine is sent to more Japan Asian NGV Communications A Magdalena del Mar - CP: Lima 17 – Perú than 15,000 global NGV Kazakhstan 300-5, Changchon –Ri, [email protected] contacts in 94 countries. Korea Namsan-Myun, Chuncheon-Si, www.ngvjournal.com This e-version is also available Malaysia Gangwon-Do, 200-911 South for free download to all visitors Myanmar (Burma) Korea of www.ngvjournal.com. New Zealand Tel. +82 33 260 3419 Pakistan Email: [email protected] Printed: Below is the list of hard copy The Philippines www.asiangv.com, Brapack receivers. Russia www.ngvjournal.com • Saraza 1354 - Buenos Aires, Argentina

4 February 2011

New component suppliers and projects in Asia

More conversion kits and Pakistan several other countries, Korea financed fueling components factories the scheme. In this case, Korea’s in Asia Up to end 2010, the Oil and Gas Economic Development Cooperation Regulatory Authority (OGRA) has issued Fund partly financed the project. The By end of December, OGRA has given 6,148 CNG station construction and BRTC imported 100 CNG buses from permission to eight firms to operation licenses, of which around award winning Dongfeng Yangtse manufacture and assemble CNG 3,273 units have been built. Recently, Company Limited of China at Tk325 compressor, dispensers, and the government assigned OGRA to million which was around 70 percent conversion kits for NGVs as long as work with the Petroleum Ministry to lower than its actual cost of Tk900 those meet the related international create a rational policy to allow million. standards. provisional licensees change of site and relocation of CNG stations. United Arab Emirates Most of the participants are local companies with some producing As per the draft of the new CNG policy, UAE based S.S. Lootah Group recently overseas brands in Pakistan, such as CNG stations owners/licensees can incorporated biodiesel in its truck fleet Landi Renzo Pakistan which supply relocate their sites, among others, if the in Dubai. The fuel—derived from conversion kits and Global Pakistan current site of the station has been processed used-vegetable oil from which sell Kwangshin compressors and declared risky for public safety, there restaurants—is used in heavy-duty Kraus Global fueling components, has been mushroom growth of CNG vehicles. The Group would like to among others. Recently, some of these stations on either side of a road in the increase the adoption of biodiesel firms also exported their products to existing area of operation, a particular vehicles throughout Dubai. Argentina and Bangladesh. area has insufficient supply of CNG stations, etc. Yet, inter-provincial On the other hand, the company has US company Honeywell will work with relocation of CNG station is not adopted EVs and CNG vehicles through Uzbekneftegaz to support the adoption allowed. its Green Car Program. It won the of NGV program in Uzbekistan. Dubai Award for sustainable transport in Honeywell will produce components for On the other hand, President Asif Ali 2008. Presently Dubai has over one vehicle conversion to NGVs and help Zardari has requested the related million vehicles on the road. set up a production facility for the authorities to facilitate Chinese manufacturing of the fueling facilities in companies interested in operating CNG China Uzbekistan. Around 100,000 units of buses for major cities such as Karachi. engine compartment equipment per The deal should be closed by end During 2010, China maintained a strong annum will be produced in Uzbekistan. March this year. He also directed that growth in natural gas consumption. Both projects will be completed around the city government should provide Last year, average natural gas 2012 and 2013. road track, parking facility and required consumption was 10.5 billion cubic feet fueling facilities. per day, increasing by 22.1 percent Iran from the 2009 level. Despite of the rise The City District Government Karachi in gas wellhead prices and transmission Since the past 2 years, Iran has been (CDGK) plans to import 250 CNG fees in mid 2010, the impacts on gas seen as the country that has a high busses and has selected six operators. consumption seemed insignificant. A potential to become no. 1 nation in the The CDGK needs financing from a few policy and industrial movements NGV sector. banking consortium to import and indicated acceleration of unconventional operate the project on subsidies basis. gas development, particularly coal-bed This year, Iran declares its target to be According to All Pakistan CNG methane. the world leader in terms of the highest Association’s Chairman, Ghayas number of CNG stations and CNG Abdullah Paracha, around 3.5 million Global natural gas future consumption within the next four years. NGVs are operated in Pakistan nowadays. According to MCDep, Oil & Gas This should be achieved by the end of Investment Research company, the country's Fifth Five-Year Korea and Bangladesh production of natural gas experienced a Development Plan in the year 2015, boom in 2010. “Considering that oil is according to Managing Director of the In the beginning of 2011, Korean-based limited by supply, coal is National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Daewoo International inked a USD30 environmentally less desirable and Company Farid Ameri. million deal to supply CNG buses to that alternative fuels need increasingly Bangladesh. The Bangladeshi state-run unaffordable government subsidies, The number of the stations is expected public transport operator, BRTC, will natural gas looks like a long-term to increase from just over 1,500 by end receive 255 CNG buses and required winner for investors and the economy,” of 2010 to 2,188 units. spare parts by July 2011. As done in according to McDep. omun udioc studiocomunico.comst

Fornovo Gas S.r.l. Registered Office Head Office Tel. +39.0521.842506 Via P.M. Curie, 14 Via Carbognani, 5 Fax +39.0522.550112 42122 - Reggio Emilia - Italy 43029 - Traversetolo (PR) - Italy [email protected] 6 February 2011

亚州新增零配件供应商及项目介绍

亚州拥有更多的改装配件及加气设备配件厂

到12月底，OGRA已经许可8家公司从事生产和装配压缩天然气压缩机、售气机、天然气汽车的改装配件等符合国际标准的相关 产品。其中大部分是巴基斯坦当地的公司，还有一些是海外公司在巴基斯坦的分公司。如Landi Renzo巴基斯坦分公司，是一 家提供改装配件的公司，而Global Pakistan主要销售Kwangshin牌压缩机，还有Kraus Global加气设备公司。最近，这些公 司的产品还远销到阿根廷和孟加拉。

美国霍尼韦尔公司将与乌兹别克斯坦国家油气公司合作，推进天然气汽车在乌兹别克斯坦的应用。霍尼韦尔公司不仅在兹别 克斯坦生产天然气汽车改装件，还将协助建成一座天然气汽车加气设备的生产厂。乌兹别克斯坦每年可以生产十万套发动机 改装件。这两个项目将分别于2012年和2013年完成。 伊朗

在过去的两年里，伊朗已经显露出成为世界第一大天然气汽车国家的态势。伊朗国家石油产品公司常务董事Farid Ameri表示 ，伊朗将在未来五年内，即到2015年，成为拥有最多压缩天然气加气站的国家以及成为压缩天然气的消费大国。预计，截至 2010年底，压缩天然气加气站将从1500个增加到2188个。 巴基斯坦

到 2010年底为止，石油天然气监管局（OGRA）已经核发了6,148个压缩天然气加气站的经营许可证，其中3,273个压缩天然气 加气站已经建成。政府委派石油天然气监管局（OGRA）与石油部合作出台一个可操作的政策，允许使用临时经营许可证，允 许变更压缩天然气加气站的位置。

新的试行草案允许压缩天然气加气站的所有人或者经营许可证持有人可以变更其压缩天然气加气站的位置，此外，还包括如 果现有的压缩天然气加气站的存在对公共安全产生威胁的情况或者在某些区域现有的压缩天然气加气站过多或过少等情况下 都可以变更位置。但是不允许变更省际压缩天然气加气站的位置。

另外，总统Asif Ali Zardari要求有关部门对有意在其主要城市（如：卡拉奇）运营压缩天然气公交车的中国公司给予方便 。这项指示的有效期到今年三月底。他还指出市政府应该配备相应的道路、停车场、加气站设施。 卡拉奇市政府计划引进250辆压缩天然气公交车并筛选六家运营公司。卡拉奇市政府需要银行财团为其提供资金用以作为对进 口和运营此项计划的津贴。 巴基斯坦压缩天然气协会主席Ghayas Abdullah Paracha表示，巴基斯坦目前正在使用的天然气汽车约有350万辆。 韩国和孟加拉

2011年初，韩国大宇国际公司（Daewoo International）签订了一份价值三千万美元的合同，合同内容是在2011年7月之前， 该公司将向孟加拉国有公交公司（BRTC）提供255辆压缩天然气公交车及相应零配件。同对其他几国一样，韩国方资助了该计 划。同时，韩国经济发展合作基金也部分资助了该计划。孟加拉国有公交公司（BRTC）进口了100辆压缩天然气公交车，制造 商是曾经获奖的中国东风长江有限公司。此次孟方共计花费3.25 亿塔卡（孟加拉国货币），比原价的9亿塔卡低了将近七十 个百分点。 阿联酋

阿联酋的S.S. Lootah集团最近在迪拜将生物柴油做为卡车的燃料。这种燃料是从餐饮废油中提炼而成，供重型车辆使用。该 集团希望能在整个迪拜推广这种生物柴油车。 另外，该集团的“绿色汽车计划”还包括了电动汽车和和压缩天然气汽车的应用。该计划还获得了迪拜2008年可持续发展交 通奖。目前，迪拜的汽车保有量超过一百万辆。 中国

2010年，中国天然气需求量持续增长。去年天然气消费量达到平均每日105亿立方英尺，比2009年增长22.1%。尽管2010年中 ，天然气的井口价和运输价均上涨，但这没能影响中国对天然气需求的增长。某些政策和工业活动表明，非常规燃气的开发 正在积极进行中，尤其是对煤层气的开发。 世界天然气发展前景

MCDep原油天然气投资顾问公司的报告显示，2010年，天然气产业呈现出蓬勃发展的态势。“考虑到全球石油资源匮乏，煤炭 做为燃料环保性能较低，替代燃料的政府补贴不足以支持长期使用，而天然气做为一种新型清洁燃料，无论对于投资者还是 经济的发展都将是长期胜出的能源。” February 2011 7 8 February 2011

아시아의 새로운 부품 업체 및 프로젝트

늘어나는 아시아의 개조 키트 및 충전 부품 공장들

12월 말까지 OGRA는 관련 국제 규격에 적합한 NGV용 개조 키트 및 디스펜서, CNG 콤프레셔에 대하여 제조, 조립할 수 있는 허가를 8개 업체에 내주었다. 대부분의 업체들은 개조키트를 공급하는 란디렌조 파키스탄, 광신 콤프레셔와 Kraus글 로벌 충전 설비 부품을 판매하는 글로벌파키스탄과 같이 파키스탄 내에서 해외 브랜드를 일부 생산하고 있는 그 지역 업체 이다. 최근 이들 업체들은 아르헨티나와 방글라데시에 제품을 수출했다. 미국 업체인 하니웰(Honeywell)은 우즈베키스탄의 NGV 프로그램의 채택을 지원하기 위해 Uzbekneftegaz과 협력할 계획 이다. 허니웰은 NGV로의 차량 개조를 위한 부품을 생산하고 우즈베키스탄 내에 충전설비 제작을 위한 생산설비를 구축하 는데 도움을 줄 것이다. 연간 약 100,000개 가량의 엔진구획 설비를 우즈베키스탄에서 생산할 것이다. 두 가지 프로젝트 는 2012년과 2013년경 완료될 예정이다. 이란

지난 2년 이래로 이란은 NGV 분야에서 1위 국가가 될 수 있는 강력한 잠재력을 가진 것으로 보여진다. 올해 이란은 향후 4년 이내에 CNG 충전소와 CNG소비량 측면에서 세계의 리더가 될 것을 목표로 선언했다. 이란국영석유분배회사인의 파 리드 아메리(Farid Ameri) 국장에 따르면, 이것은 2015년 5차 국가5개년개발계획의 마지막 년도에 달성될 것이다. 충전소 숫자는 2010년말 1,500개에서 2,188개로 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 파키스탄

2010년 말까지, 석유가스규제협회(OGRA)는 6,148개의 CNG 충전소 건설 및 운영을 허가했으며, 약 3,273개가 이미 건설 되었다. 최근, 정부는 CNG충전소의 위치 변경과 재배치를 위한 임시면허를 허가하기 위한 합리적인 정책을 만들기 위해 석유부와 협력하도록 OGRA를 임명했다. 새로운 CNG 정책안으로, CNG충전소 소유주 및 면허자는 장소를 이전할 수 있으며, 충전소의 현재 위치가 공공 안전에 적합하지 않을 때, 충전소 운영하고 있는 지역의 도로 양측에 CNG충전소가 급격히 증가했을 때, 특정 지역에 CNG 충전 소 공급이 불충분한 경우에는 이전이 가능하지만, CNG 충전소의 지방 간의 이전은 허용되지 않는다. 반면, 아시프 알리 자르다리(Asif Ali Zardari)대통령은 중국 기업이 카라치와 같은 주요 도시의 CNG 버스 운행에 관심을 갖도록 촉구할 것을 관련 당국에 요청했다. 이는 올해 3월 말까지 마무리되어야 한다. 그는 또한, 시 정부가 도로 안내 및 주차 시설, 필요한 연료 충전 시설을 제공할 것을 지시했다. 카라치시 지방 정부(CDGK)는 250대의 CNG 버스를 수입할 계획이며, 6개의 업체를 선정했다. CDGK는 보조금 조건으로 프로젝트를 운영하고 수입할 금융 컨소시엄에서 자금 조달이 필요하다. 파키스탄가스협회 회장인 Ghayas Abdullah Paracha에 따르면, 약 3.5백만 NGV가 파키스탄 내에서 현재 운행 중이다. 한국과 방글라데시

2011년을 시작으로, 한국에 기반을 둔 대우인터네셔널은 방글라데시에 30백만 달러에 달하는 CNG 버스 공급 계약을 체 결했다. 방글라데시 도로교통공사인 BRTC는 255대의 CNG 버스를 공급받으며, 2011년 7월까지 필요한 부품을 공급 받게 된다. 여러 다른 나라에서도 이와 같이 계획하고 있으며, 이러한 경우 한국 대외경제협력기금이 이 프로젝트에 일부 자금 을 제공한다. BRTC는 중국의 Dongfeng Yangtse Company Limited로부터 900백만다카의 70%정도인 325백만 다카에 CNG 버스 100대를 수입했다. 아랍에미레이트 연방

아랍에미레이트의 S.S Lootah Group은 두바이에 있는 자사 트럭에 바이오디젤을 사용했다. 음식점에서 나오는 폐 식물성 기름을 처리하여 나오는 이 연료는 대형차량에 사용되고 있다. 이 그룹은 두바이 전역에 바이오디젤 차량의 사용을 증가시 키고자 한다. 한편, 이 회사는 자사의 “그린카 프로그램”을 통하여 EV와 CNG차량을 채택하고 있으며, 2008년 지속가능한 교통 두바이 상을 수상했다. 현재 두바이는 약 백만대 이상의 차량을 보유하고 있다. 중국

2010년 동안, 중국은 천연가스 소비량에 있어 강력한 성장세를 유지했다. 지난해, 평균 천연가스 소비량은 2009년도 수준 에서 약 22.1% 증가한 일일 10.5십억 cubic meter이다. 2010년 중반, 가스 웰헤드가격과 운송비가 증가했음에도 불구하 고 가스 소비에 미치는 영향은 미미했다. 몇 가지 정책과 산업의 움직임은 가스개발, 특히 석탄층메탄 개발을 가속화했다. 세계 천연가스 전망

석유 및 가스투자리서치회사인 MCDep에 따르면, 천연가스의 생산은 2010년 급격히 상승했다. “석유의 공급제한성, 석탄 의 환경적 부적합성, 대체연료의 과다 정부지원금 소요를 고려했을 때 장기적으로 천연가스가 경제적 환경적으로 가장 적 합할 것으로 보인다.”고 밝혔다. February 2011 9

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การพฒนาตลาดผั ผลู้ ต/จำหนิ ายอ่ ปกรณุ ์ NGV และโครงการ NGV ใหมๆ่ ในทวปเอเชี ยี

การขยายตวของตลาดผั ผลู้ ตและจำหนิ ายอ่ ปกรณุ ์ NGV เพอนำเขื่ าและเป้ นค็ าใช่ จ้ ายในการดำเน่ นการรถโดยสารสาธารณะในริ ปขู ในเอเชยี องเงนสนิ บสนั นุ ทงนั้ ี้ นาย Ghayas Abdullah นายกสมาคม All Pakistan CNG กลาวว่ า่ ปจจั บุ นมั รถี NGV ราว 3.5 ลานค้ นปากั สถานี องคการควบค์ มกำกุ บดั แลนู ำม้ นและกั าซแห๊ งประเทศปาก่ สถานี (Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority หรอื OGRA) ไดอน้ ญาตใหุ บร้ ษิ ทั 8 แหง่ ประเทศสาธารณรฐเกาหลั และประเทศบี งคลาเทศั ผลตและประกอบเคริ องคอมเพรสเซอรื่ สำหร์ บกั าซธรรมชาต๊ อิ ดั หวจั าย่ และอปกรณุ ์ NGV (Conversion Kit) สำหรบรถั NGV เมอตื่ นป้ ี 2554 บรษิ ทรถยนตั แดว์ ในประเทศสาธารณรู ฐเกาหลั ี (เกาหลใตี )้ ซงจะตึ่ องเป้ นไปตามมาตรฐานสากล็ ไดลงนามจ้ ดหารถโดยสารั NGV ใหแก้ บ่ งคลาเทศั คดเปิ นม็ ลคู า่ 30 โดยผผลู้ ตสิ วนใหญ่ เป่ นบร็ ษิ ทภายในประเทศั ลานเหร้ ยญสหรี ฐั โดย BRTC บางบรษิ ทกั ร็ บผลั ตสิ นคิ าให้ ก้ บตราสั นคิ าต้ างชาต่ ดิ วย้ เชน่ บรษิ ทั Landi ซงเปึ่ นหน็ วยงานของร่ ฐบาลทั ดำเนี่ นการรถโดยสารสาธารณะจะไดิ ร้ บรถโั Renzo Pakistan ผลตอิ ปกรณุ ์ Conversion Kit และ บรษิ ทั Global ดยสาร NGV 255 คนั พรอมอะไหล้ ภายในเด่ อนกรกฎาคมื 2554 Pakistan จำหนายเคร่ องคอมเพรสเซอรื่ ของ์ Kwangshin ซงเกาหลึ่ ใตี ได้ ให้ เง้ นทิ นสนุ บสนั นโครงการดุ งกลั าวน่ ดี้ วย้ และอปกรณุ เต์ มกิ าซของ๊ Kraus Global เปนต็ น้ และเมอไมื่ นานมาน่ ี้ เชนเด่ ยวกี บทั ทำในหลายประเทศี่ บรษิ ทเหลั าน่ ไดี้ ส้ งส่ นคิ าออกไปย้ งประเทศอารั เจนต์ นิ า่ โดยกองทนความรุ วมม่ อดื านการพ้ ฒนาทางเศรษฐกั จิ (Economic และประเทศบงคลาเทศอั กดี วย้ Development Cooperation Fund) นอกจากน ี้ บรษิ ทสั ญชาตั อเมริ กิ นอยั าง่ Honeywell รวมม่ อกื บั ของประเทศสาธารณรฐเกาหลั เปี นผ็ ใหู้ การสน้ บสนั นดุ านเง้ นทิ นบางสุ วน่ Ubekneftegaz สนบสนั นโครงการุ NGV ในประเทศอซเบกุ สถานิ โดยทผี่ านมา่ หนวยงาน่ BRTC ไดนำเข้ ารถโดยสาร้ NGV 100 โดยบรษิ ทจะผลั ตสิ วนประกอบอ่ ปกรณุ ์ Conversion Kit สำหรบรถั NGV คนจากบรั ษิ ทั Dongfeng Yangtse จำกดั ประเทศสาธารณรฐประชาชนจั นี และจดตั งโรงงานผลั้ ตอิ ปกรณุ เต์ มกิ าซในประเทศ๊ ซงชนะการประมึ่ ลคู ดเปิ นเง็ นิ 325 ลานทากา้ โดยสามารถผลตอิ ปกรณุ ห์ องเคร้ องยนตื่ ได์ ป้ ละประมาณี 100,000 ชนิ้ (สกลเงุ นของประเทศบิ งคลาเทศ)ั ซงเปึ่ นราคาท็ ถี่ กกวู าราคาจร่ งิ (900 ทงนั้ ี้ ทงั้ 2 โครงการคาดวาจะแล่ วเสร้ จประมาณป็ ี 2555 และ 2556 ลานทากา)้ ถงึ 70% ประเทศอหริ าน่ สาธารณรฐอาหรั บเอมั เรติ

ตลอดระยะเวลา 2 ปที ผี่ านมา่ กลมบรุ่ ษิ ทั S.S. Lootah Group ประเทศอหริ านน่ บเปั นประเทศท็ มี่ ศี กยภาพเปั นอ็ นดั บั 1 ในธรกุ จิ NGV และในปนี ี้ ประเทศสหรฐอาหรั บเอมั เรตไดิ นำไบโอด้ เซลมาใชี ก้ บรถบรรทั กในดุ ไบู ประเทศอหริ านประกาศเป่ าหมายในการเป้ นประเทศท็ มี่ จำนวนสถานี บรี การิ NGV โดยไบโอดเซลดี งกลั าวผล่ ตจากนิ ำม้ นพั ชทื ใชี่ แล้ วจากร้ านอาหาร้ และปรมาณการใชิ ้NGV มากทสี่ ดภายในระยะเวลาุ 4 ปขี างหน้ า้ โดยนาย Farid มาผลตเปิ นเช็ อเพลื้ งสำหริ บรถใหญั ่ ซงกลึ่ มบรุ่ ษิ ทั Ameri กรรมการผจู้ ดการของบรั ษิ ทั National Iranian Oil Products Distribution มแผนขยายการใชี ไบโอด้ เซลใหี แพร้ หลายในด่ ไบู คาดวาประเทศอ่ หริ านจะบรรล่ เปุ าหมายด้ งกลั าวได่ ภายในป้ ี 2558 นอกจากน ี้ บรษิ ทไดั นำรถไฟฟ้ าและรถ้ NGV ซงเปึ่ นป็ สี ดทุ ายของแผนพ้ ฒนาั 5 ปี มาใชในโครงการรถยนต้ ส์ เขี ยวี ซงเปึ่ นรถยนต็ ท์ ชนะรางวี่ ลั Dubai Award for Sustainable Transport ป ี 2551 โดยในปจจั บุ นั ดไบมู รถยนตี กว์ า่ 1 ประเทศปากสถานี ลานค้ นบนทั องถนน้

เมอปลายปื่ ี 2553 ทผี่ านมา่ องคการ์ OGRA ประเทศสาธารณรฐประชาชนจั นี ไดอน้ มุ ตั การกิ อสร่ างและใบอน้ ญาตดำเนุ นการสำหริ บสถานั บรี การิ NGV 6,148 แหง่ ซงไดึ่ ม้ การกี อสร่ างแล้ ว้ 3,273 แหง่ และเมอไมื่ นานมาน่ ี้ ตลอดป ี 2553 รฐบาลประเทศปากั สถานไดี มอบหมายให้ องค้ การ์ OGRA การใชก้ าซธรรมชาต๊ ในสาธารณริ ฐประชาชนจั นมี การขยายตี วอยั างแข่ งแ็ ทำงานรวมก่ บกระทรวงการปั โตรเลิ ยมี กรง่ เมอปื่ ที ผี่ านมา่ จนบรี โภคกิ าซธรรมชาต๊ เฉลิ ยวี่ นละั 10.5 กำหนดนโยบายทเหมาะสมสำหรี่ บผั ไดู้ ร้ บอนั ญาตชุ วคราวใหั่ สามารถเปล้ ยี่ พนลั านล้ กบาศกู ฟ์ ตุ เพมขิ่ นึ้ 22.1% เมอเทื่ ยบกี บปั ี 2552 ทผี่ านมา่ ทงนั้ ี้ นแปลงทตี่ งของสถานั้ บรี การิ NGV ได้ ราคาเนอกื้ าซธรรมชาต๊ ิ ทงนั้ ี้ รางนโยบายด่ งกลั าว่ ระบวุ า่ เจาของสถาน้ บรี การิ และ/ และคาธรรมเน่ ยมการขนสี งได่ เพ้ มขิ่ นในชึ้ วงกลางป่ ี 2553 หรอผื ไดู้ ร้ บอนั ญาตสามารถยุ ายท้ ตี่ งสถานั้ ไดี ้ อาทิ แตไม่ ส่ งผลกระทบต่ อการบร่ โภคกิ าซธรรมชาต๊ แติ อย่ างใด่ นอกจากนี้ ในกรณที พบวี่ าท่ ตี่ งสถานั้ ดี งกลั าวม่ ผลกระทบตี อความปลอดภ่ ยของสั วนรว่ นโยบายและความเคลอนไหวในอื่ ตสาหกรรมยุ งกระตั นใหุ้ เก้ ดการพิ ฒนากั ๊ ม หรอการทื พี่ นทื้ ใดพี่ นทื้ หนี่ งมึ่ จำนวนสถานี เพี มอยิ่ างรวดเร่ วราวดอกเห็ ด็ าซธรรมชาตแบบพิ เศษิ (Unconventional Gas) โดยเฉพาะอยางย่ งิ่ ในขณะทบางพ่ี นทื้ มี่ จำนวนสถานี ไมี เพ่ ยงพอกี บความตั องการใช้ ้ เปนต็ น้ กาซม๊ เทนจากชี นถั้ านห่ นิ แตนโยบายด่ งกลั าวไม่ อน่ ญาตใหุ ย้ ายท้ ตี่ งสถานั้ ขี ามจ้ งหวั ดั นอกจากน ี้ ประธานาธบดิ ี Asif Ali Zardari อนาคตของกาซธรรมชาต๊ ในโลกิ ไดขอให้ หน้ วยงานท่ เกี่ ยวขี่ องอำนวยความสะดวกให้ ก้ บบรั ษิ ทจากประเทศั จนที สนใจดำเนี่ นกิ จการรถโดยสารสาธารณะิ NGV ในเมองใหญื ่ อาทิ บรษิ ทวั จิ ยั MCDep Oil & Gas Investment Research นครการาจ ี ซงขึ่ อตกลงด้ งกลั าวน่ าจะย่ ตุ ภายในสิ นเดิ้ อนมื นาคมี 2554 นี้ กลาวว่ าการผล่ ตกิ าซธรรมชาต๊ ไดิ เฟ้ องฟื่ เปู นอย็ างมากในป่ ี 2553 ทผี่ านมา่ โดยทานประธานาธ่ บดิ ไดี แนะแนวทางว้ าร่ ฐบาลทั องถ้ นควรจิ่ ดใหั ม้ เสี นทาง้ เนองจากปรื่ มาณนิ ำม้ นมั จำกี ดั การใชถ้ านห่ นยิ งมั ผลกระทบตี อส่ งแวดลิ่ อม้ เดนรถิ ทจอดรถี่ และอปกรณุ เต์ มกิ าซ๊ เพออำนวยความสะดวกดื่ วย้ ในขณะทพลี่ งงานทดแทนตั างๆ่ รฐบาลทั องถ้ นนครการาจิ่ ี (CDGK) มแผนนำเขี ารถโดยสารสาธารณะ้ ตองการเง้ นสนิ บสนั นจากรุ ฐบาลจำนวนมากั ดงนั นั้ NGV จำนวน 250 คนและไดั ค้ ดเลั อกผื ดำเนู้ นการจำนวนิ 6 ราย กาซธรรมชาต๊ จิ งเปึ นต็ วเลั อกทื ด่ี ที สี่ ดในระยะยาวสำหรุ บนั กลงทั นและเศรษุ โดยทางรฐบาลทั องถ้ นติ่ องจ้ ดหาเงั นทิ นจากสถาบุ นการเงั นหิ นสุ้ วน่ ฐกจิ February 2011 11 12 February 2011 February 2011 13

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Pemasok baru dari komponen CNG/NGV dan proyek-proyek baru di Asia

Jumlah produser dari Pakistan Bangladesh. BRTC, bus operator milik conversion kits dan negara, akan menerima 255 bus CNG komponen tank station Hingga akhir 2010, Dewan Regulasi dan suku cadangnya bulan Juli bertambah Minyak dan Gas (OGRA) telah mendatang. Seperti yang dilakukan di menerbitkan 6.148 izin konstruksi dan beberapa negara lain, Korea turut Pada akhir Desember, OGRA telah operasi stasiun CNG yang mana sekitar membantu pembiayaan skema memberikan ijin kepada delapan 3.273 unit telah dibangun. Baru-baru ini.Dalam hal ini. Sebelumnya, BRTC perusahaan untuk memproduksi dan ini, pemerintah menugaskan OGRA telah mengimport 100 bus CNG dari merakit kompresor CNG, dispenser, untuk bekerja dengan Kementerian Dongfeng Yangtse dari Cina dengan dan kit konversi (conversion kits) untuk Perminyakan untuk membuat kebijakan ahrga Tk325 juta (sekitar 70 persen NGVs selama mereka memenuhi yang rasional untuk memungkinkan lebih rendah dari biaya sebenarnya: standar internasional terkait. Sebagian modifikasi lisensi situs dan relokasi Tk900 juta). besar peserta merupakan perusahaan stasiun CNG. lokal dengan beberapa pabrik Uni Arab Emirat memproduksi merk luar negeri di Menurut draft bagi peraturan CNG baru, Pakistan, seperti Landi Renzo Pakistan pemilik stasiun CNG / pemegang lisensi Baru-baru ini SS Lootah Group dari yang menyediakan kit konversi dan dapat memindahkan lokasi mereka, UAE menggunakan biodiesel di armada Global Pakistan yang menjual antara lain, jika tempat stasiun ini telah truknya di Dubai. Grup ingin kompresor Kwangshin dan komponen dinyatakan berisiko bagi keselamatan meningkatkan adopsi kendaraan Kraus Global bagi segmen pengisian publik, berada di lingkungan yang mana biodiesel di seluruh Dubai. Di sisi lain, bahan bakar. Baru-baru ini, beberapa jumlah stasiun NCG telah menjamur, di Grup ini telah mengadopsi kendaraan perusahaan ini juga mengekspor di kedua sisi jalan, wilayah tertentu elektrik (EV) dan CNG (NGV) melalui produknya ke Argentina dan memiliki kekurangan pasokan stasiun Program Mobil Hijau. Melalui program Bangladesh. CNG, dan lain-lain. Namun, relokasi ini, Lootah memenangkan Penghargaan lintas provinsi stasiun CNG tidak untuk transportasi berkelanjutan di Honeywell dari Amerika Serikat akan diperbolehkan. tahun 2008. Saat ini Dubai memiliki bekerja dengan Uzbekneftegaz untuk Di sisi lain, Presiden Asif Ali Zardari telah lebih dari satu juta kendaraan. mendukung program NGV di meminta pihak berwenang untuk Uzbekistan. Honeywell akan membantu perusahaan China yang Cina memproduksi komponen untuk tertarik untuk mengoperasikan bus pemodifikasian kendaraan menjadi CNG untuk kota-kota besar seperti Selama tahun 2010, China NGVs dan membantu mendirikan pabrik Karachi. Kesepakatan harus ditutup mempertahankan pertumbuhan yang komponen bagi stasiun CNG di pada akhir Maret tahun ini. Pemerintah kuat dalam konsumsi gas alam. Tahun Uzbekistan. Sekitar 100.000 unit kota diharapkan menyediakan trek lalu, konsumsi rata-rata gas alam komponen NGVs per tahun akan jalan, fasilitas parkir dan fasilitas mencapai10,5 milyar cubic feet per diproduksi di Uzbekistan. Kedua proyek pengisian bahan bakar yang dibu- hari-- meningkat 22,1 persen dari akan selesai sekitar 2012 dan 2013. tuhkan. tahun 2009. Walaupun ada kenaikan harga wellhead gas dan biaya transmisi Iran Pemerintah Kota Kabupaten Karachi pada pertengahan 2010, dampaknya (CDGK) berencana untuk mengimpor pada konsumsi gas tidak terlalu besar. Sejak dua tahun terakhir, Iran telah 250 bus CNG dan telah memilih enam Beberapa kebijakan dan aktifitas di dilihat sebagai negara yang memiliki operator untuk pengoperasiannya. sektor industri menyokong potensi tinggi untuk menjadi bangsa CDGK membutuhkan bantuan biaya pengadopsian bahan bakar baru, nomer 1 di sektor NGV. Tahun ini, Iran dari konsorsium perbankan untuk terutama coalbed methane. menyatakan tujuannya untuk menjadi mengimpor dan mengoperasikan Masa depan gas alam di dunia negara terbesar dunia dalam hal proyek secara subsidi. Menurut MCDep, Perusahaan Investasi pemakaian CNG di sektor transport Menurut Ketua Asosiasi CNG Pakistan, dan Riset Minyak & Gas, produksi gas dan pembangunan stasiun CNG dalam Ghayas Abdullah Paracha, saat ini alam mengalami booming pada tahun jangka empat tahun ke depan. Pakistan mempunyai sekitar 3,5 juta 2010. "Mengingat terbatasnya pasokan Ini harus dicapai pada akhir dari NGVs. minyak, efek negatif dari penggunaan „Rencana Pembangunan Lima Tahun” batu bara terhadap lingkungan hidup, dan di tahun 2015, menurut Managing Korea dan Bangladesh bahwa beberapa bahan bakar alternatif Director Distribusi Nasional Minyak Iran memrlukan subsidi yang sangat tinggi Products Company Farid Ameri. Jumlah Pada awal tahun 2011, Daewoo dari pemerintah, tampaknya gas alam stasiun diharapkan meningkat dari International dari Korea menandatan- akan menjadi pemenang dalam jangka 1.500 pada akhir 2010 menjadi 2.188 gani sebuah kontrak senilai USD30 juta panjang bagi investor dan ekonomi," unit. untuk memasok CNG bus ke menurut McDep. 16 February 2011 Countries with largest vehicle conversion records, 2010

Despite of the fact that the world has not fully recovered from the global economic crisis and oil price decline have slowed down the growth in the NGV segment, several NGV countries showed a big number of vehicle conversions to natural gas system. Some countries even showed higher addition in terms of NGVs compared to last year.

Lower spending power plus smaller gap in petroleum and natural gas prices have caused many people to choose traditional fuels rather than natural gas for vehicles. Consequently, the rate of NGV adoption experienced a slow down as well. Nevertheless, some countries still show a significant increase especially in Asia and South America.

The countries that showed largest increase in NGV adoptions—by rank-- include Pakistan, India, Iran, Thailand, Association’s Chairman, Ghayas India Argentina, Armenia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Abdullah Paracha, stated that around Egypt, Colombia, Brazil, Peru, etc. 3.5 million NGVs are running in Another triggering growth was recorded Leading NGV stakeholders also Pakistan’s roads. in India: around 390,000 converted and indicated that China experienced big OEM NGVs were added last year alone. growth in this segment. In 2007, the OEMs of NGVs produced India has more than 50 models of CNG around 150,000 NGVs while the CNG cars, sedans, light commercial These countries were reported to add vehicle population was 1.5 million. So, vehicle/mini trucks/pick-ups, mini vans, more than 14,000 to over 1 million the car manufacturers produced around three wheelers, buses, and medium to NGVs during 2009-2010 alone. Most 10% of the total number of NGVs heavy-duty trucks. Nevertheless, many NGVs in these countries are registered in Pakistan during that year. of NGVs are after-market vehicles. after-market conversion cars/LDVs. With the national gas infrastructure and India and Pakistan have a large number The rest are converted. Around 80% of CNG station expansion plans, number of CNG three-wheelers while Thailand petrol vehicles were converted to bifuel of OEM and converted NGVs is has around 1,700 of this vehicle. CNG/petrol system. expected to grow faster in the immediate future. China, Colombia, India, Iran, and Meanwhile, NGV share in total vehicle Thailand also have a “reasonable” segment in this country in mid 2010 Iran significant CNG bus fleet, ranging from was 80 percent of the total LDVs more than 5,000 to over 13,000 units. segment (cars, three-wheelers, and Projected and targeted to be the largest Thailand and Colombia also have a big other LDVs). When excluding NGV nation (in CNG consumption and fleet of CNG trucks. three-wheelers in the LDV segment, filing station network) around 2015, Iran NGV share is even bigger at 89 percent has been showing a remarkable progress Pakistan (source: Peter Boisen, NGVA Europe). in adding big numbers of NGVs. Almost Looking at the figures, it is not 340,000 of these vehicles —OEM and Recently, this country has been strug- surprising that Pakistan chose to conversions- were added last year. gling with CNG supply as many filing –also-- produce CNG conversion kits stations are closed-supposedly on a locally, despite of the global economic Iran has moved to the second position temporary basis. Nevertheless, the crisis. in the world NGV statistics since July country has been reported to add 1.25 2010 when it surpassed 1.9 million million NGVs from September 2009 to We are yet to witness whether Pakistan units replacing Argentina’s position (1.8 December 2010 (source: Asian NGV will overcome the power (electricity), million NGVs). Thirty five percent of Communications’ statistics). In CNG supply and the decreasing CNG equipment is produced locally, September 2009, Pakistan had more petrol-CNG price gap issues, and according to the government. than 2.25 million of these vehicles. Early continue to have a flourish growth in this year, All Pakistan CNG NGV and CNG station adoptions. Continue to page 18 February 2011 17

NGV growth, 2009-2010 Country Natural Gas Vehicles Date LD Cars and Increase in Increase MD+HD MD+ HD Other Total NGVs Commercial Month Year number in % Buses Trucks vehicles vehicles 3,500,100 3,450,000 100 50 December 2010 1,250,000 56% Pakistan 2,250,100 2,200,000 100 50 September 2009 1,891,186 1,891,186 August 2010 77,409 4% Argentina 1,813,777 1,813,777 0 0 0 November 2009 5,325 5,253 66 6 July 2010 342 7% Austria 4,983 4,936 41 6 0 January 2010 140,4 140,4 April 2010 17,588 14% Bolivia 122,812 122,812 0 0 0 May 2009 1,646,955 1,646,955 August 2010 14,854 1% Brazil 1,632,101 1,632,101 0 0 0 December 2009 320,036 296,576 13,8 9,66 August 2010 20,396 7% Colombia 299,64 276,18 13,8 9,66 0 October 2009 2,478 2,112 276 40 50 October 2010 478 24% Czech Republic 2 1,665 270 20 45 February 2010 139,804 137,126 1,22 713 745 September 2010 17,533 14% Egypt 122,271 119,598 1,217 711 745 December 2009 817 700 90 10 17 June 2010 48 6% Finland 769 650 95 8 16 February 2010 600 0 520 80 0 November 2010 80 15% Greece 520 0 412 108 0 August 2009 1,100,000 1,069,380 23 715 6,905 December 2010 400 57% India 700 680,38 12 715 6,905 April 2009 2,070,930 2065566 5364 October 2010 336,499 19% Iran 1,734,431 1,728,909 5,522 0 0 December 2009 39,623 15,298 1,495 21,243 1,587 September 2010 1,581 4% Japan 38,042 14,587 1,467 20,566 1,422 September 2009 28,324 2,016 25,39 908 10 November 2010 3,966 16% Korea 24,358 1,183 22,416 758 1 October 2009 220 185 35 June 2010 5 2% Luxembourg 215 174 41 0 0 December 2009 44,635 44,103 486 46 October 2010 2,004 5% Malaysia 42,631 42,105 466 14 46 December 2009 2,8 2,098 552 150 September 2010 768 38% Netherlands 2,032 1,35 542 140 0 November 2009 95,242 95,231 11 August 2010 14,213 18% Peru 81,029 81,018 11 0 0 December 2009 4,896 4,88 7 9 June 2010 318 7% Singapore 4,578 4,533 30 15 0 December 2009 9,279 9,028 135 56 60 June 2010 680 8% Switzerland 8,599 8,348 135 56 60 December 2009 211,402 172,935 12,841 25,592 34 October 2010 49,379 30% Thailand 162,023 130,748 11,315 18,282 1,678 December 2009 43 43 September 2010 23 115% Venezuela 20 20 December 2009 85 79650 1550 3650 150 December 2009 6,89 7% Germany 91,89 89100 1590 1200 0 December estimate 18 February 2011

Continued from page 16 Example of vehicle conversion kits and system: The CNG multipoint Omegas Although recent number of NGV target Plus System from Landirenzo was not disclosed, the potential of this nation to continue adding a large number of NGVs is promising. Iran is set to build almost 700 CNG filing stations during March 2011-March 2012. With such significant fuel supply, and guaranteed low CNG price, vehicle owners would be more motivated to convert or replace their vehicles with NGVs. Thailand

Although requests for NGV related completing its NGV components’ supply went down during counting for 2010. last year, Thailand statistics still show a Local and overseas NGV healthy and largest growth compared to stakeholders indicated that China many other countries, so far. NGV fleet is one of the strongest countries has increased by more than 88,000 during the global crisis. In fact, it was units from around 130,700 to about implied that it is the only nation that 219,000 during December 2009 to mid was not affected by the global crisis continent had around 119,500 CNG December 2010. During the second in terms of NGV and CNG stations vehicles in 2009. By September 2010, semester of 2010, NGV business adoptions (although all Asian countries almost 140,000 of these vehicles were slightly improved. Conversions took mentioned above also showed higher registered. The 17,500 vehicles added place mainly in the Light-Duty segment growth last year compared to two in 2010 were mainly from taxi and while the “new phenomenon” occurred years ago). private fleet operators. in the Heavy-Duty (truck) segment was mainly triggered by the adoption of Overseas conversion kits suppliers also The world OEM NGVs (made in Japan). mentioned that recent demand from China is surprisingly high and exceeding From the 83 NGV countries registered Government support for the conversion the supply capacity. in Asian NGV Communications and the sector varies from road and excise tax GVR statistics, only a handful of those reductions, conversion funding, as well South America are really OEM NGV oriented. as import duty exemptions for CNG conversion kits, new CNG engines, South America also showed a good The most significant OEM NGV nations CDK bus chassis and CDK passenger portfolio last year. Like in Asia, four include Germany and Japan (a big vans, etc. countries were recorded in the world’s number of OEM NGVs), but also top-10 nations with largest Austria, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Armenia augmentation in NGV population. Switzerland, etc in which the adoption Argentina, Venezuela, Bolivia, and of OEM NGVs is strong but many The official counting of NGVs is not yet Colombia ranked as number 5, 7, 8 and after-market conversions also take released. However, it is estimated that 10. Additionally, Brazil and Peru score place. China, India, and Pakistan have at least 50,000 NGVs were added in high as number 11 and 12. Collectively, many OEM NGVs but the conversion 2010. All of those are converted vehi- the four top countries mentioned above market is by far much bigger. cles. In 2009, Armenia had more than added 134,000 NGVs plus another 101,300 NGVs. 29,000 from Brazil and Peru. Although factory made NGVs are available in several countries in the four China Egypt NGV regions, conversion market in the rest of countries is stronger than the This country is in the process of The largest NGV nation in the African OEM one.

Best growth in NGV population by number

Pakistan India Iran Thailand Argentina Venezuela Bolivia Egypt Colombia Brazil Peru

2009 2.250.100 680.380 1.728.909 1.813.777 130.748 20.000 122.812 119.598 276.180 1.632.101 81.018 2010 3.500.100 1.069.380 2.065.566 1.891.186 219.024 43.000 140.400 137.126 291.945 1.646.955 95.231 Difference 1.250.000 389.000 336.657 77.409 88.276 23.000 17.588 17.528 15.765 14.854 14.213 Countries included are those with number of NGVs above 10,000 units. As the official figures from Armenia and China are not yet released, both are not yet included in this chart. February 2011 19 New manufacturers of CNG conversion kits, compressors and dispensers in Asia

Uzbekistan The country was reported to achieve Iran self-sufficiency in producing these US firm Honeywell will carry out a components domestically. Recently, This country aims to be self-sufficient project to produce CNG conversion kits the components are also exported in meeting local demand in terms of and fueling components in Uzbekistan. dispensers to Argentina and Bangladesh. CNG related components. Together with Uzbekneftegaz, The companies presently producing Honeywell plans to execute several joint these products include Landi Renzo, See more information in this projects over the next three years. Global Pakistan, Tesla Industries, magazine at article “Iran to lead the At the first stage, Honeywell will Advanced Electronic International, NGV segment and move towards organize the production of engine Comcept Pvt Ltd, Carbon Products, self-sufficiency in producing CNG compartment equipment worth USD7 Green Technology, Siddiq Sons. components“. million for the vehicle conversion project. Around 100,000 units of this product will be manufactured on annual basis.

It will also be involved in the establishment of a facility to produce CNG fueling components (automated systems, fuel injection). The USD5 million investments will be used to generate 200 units of this product per year. This project is scheduled for 2012.

Meanwhile the other player, Uzbekneftegaz, is a state company that works in a major diversified industrial- economic complex of the country and one of the key oil and gas companies in the Central Asian region, carrying out all kinds of activities - from exploration to sale to consumers of finished products. Uzbekistan adopted NGV program in early 2007 aiming for a gradual switch of traditionally-fuelled vehicles to NGV system. This project will last until end of 2012.

Uzbekistan had 47,000 NGVs and 47 CNG stations in August 2007 and 63 CNG stations by September 2009. By early this year, around 300,000 NGVs were served by 138 filing stations. These filing stations can dispense up to 708 million cubic meters of compressed gas. Additionally, 952 gas stations with a capacity of 476,000 tons of liquefied gas will be built throughout the country. Pakistan

The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) that oversees the implementation of NGV programme in Pakistan has issued permission to eight companies to produce and assemble CNG conversion kits and fueling components such as priority panels, compressors, and dispensers. 20 February 2011 Countries set examples in promoting NGVs to public Argentina distributes brochures on “50 benefits of using CNG/NGV” to motorists

As part of celebrations for the 26th anniversary of natural gas for vehicles in Argentina, Prensa Vehicular magazine handed local motorists a text that gathers together all the arguments for choosing this fuel, regarding every aspect: infrastructure, applications, politics and saving, ecology and health, safety and mechanics. The 30,000 copies of this brochure describe up to 50 benefits of using CNG in vehicles. These were distributed, amongst others, in the main road of Argentine Capital in 9 de Julio Avenue and other key locations in Buenos Aires. Taxi drivers and private vehicle owners received the brochures.

The brochure distributed details the key benefits of CNG. Among them, it is highlighted the savings of 73 percent obtained by using it, in relation to what it takes to refill vehicles powered by liquid fuels in this South American country.

This campaign aims to encourage conversions and the acquisition of OEM NGVs in Argentina. The initiative is supported by major companies of the industry, which are interested in maintaining the growth of NGV.

By September 2010, Argentina had 1,901,116 NGVs and 1,878 CNG filing stations.

You will find the complete texts of the 50 benefits in Asian NGV Communications February 2010 edition and more information on the success of the brochure distribution in Prensa Vehicular (PV) edition December 2010. A film of this campaign can be viewed at www.ngvjournal.com. To subscribe to receive the hard copy of PV and Asian NGV Communications, email [email protected] and [email protected] or download these for free at the above-mentioned website. ANGVA and Indonesia introduced NGVs

During the 2009 ANGVA Green Highways Project, convoys of NGVs travelled through various Asian Countries participating in this event including Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, India, Iran, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The convoys moved from border to border of these nations.

During the event, press conferences were held to spread out the presence and benefits of CNG for transport. Not only journalists were invited, but the central government and municipalities were also involved during the event.

Apart from that, during the opening of the event, more than 1,000 copies of CNG brochures were distributed to the public to raise public awareness of CNG and NGV. The brochures were handed out in the principal and busiest street, the so-called “Hotel Indonesia roundabout”. February 2011 21

I RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL NGV Africa, promising project promoted by NGVJournal Esperado aumento N de 40% nas c este semestre as c onversões onversões no est com a distribui ado do Rio de Ja dora de gás do es neiro aumentarão preços da tado, esse aume em até 40%. De a s tarifas para o g nto acontecerá de cordo quin ás natural veicula vido ao anuncio d zena de novembro r. A expectativa d a baixa nos os motoristas já p a empresa é que ercebam a difere na primeira nça nas bombas d gnvLatinoaméricae abastecimento. Año I N º 1 // Octubre 2010 EL P RESIDENTE HUGO CHÁVEZ LANZÓ E L PLAN “M Volume I Number 1 November 2010 edition I CARRO A GAS” I COLOM Enter one of the largest Venezuela llegó a los BIA, MÁS CERCA Tra nsporte público a G Los d NV rket irectivos V ma del servicio Enter a new NG Metrop lús, de Medellín, 43 mil autos a GNV es components peran que ors and NGV sus buses se Africa is looking for invest muevan a g as natural a partir El primer mandatario de 2011. Ad anunció los porm emás, evalúan la and most active regions tiene el Estado”. El p enores del proye posibilidad rograma ben cto, al que consid de comprar unida utilicen únic eficiará con servicio eró “uno de los m a los des amente gas natu mecánico gra ás importantes qu proveedores del Get ready to conquer the upcoming NGV market de c ral como comb tuito a los prop e onversión, que p ustible. Otras de ietarios de vehíc Metropolitano li otras nuevas a GN restan servicio tota las metas a cumpli ulos que meño. lmente sin cargo r son la instalaci Por otra par V, que tendrían el com , e incentivar la su ón de talleres te, los expertos produzca sus p bustible gratuito al m stitución de unid del secto ropios equipos y que el 50% enos por un año. T ades viejas por r estiman que el de los vehículos ens ambién se proyecta que el país año cerrará amblados p con 323 mil osean convertido conversion worldwide for our industry, r a gas en 2012. es acumuladas. The worldwide NGV growth rate not only confirms simultaneously and forecasts but surpasses them. Within this framework, with the same magazine it continues to push back boundaries and starts to I AUTO A BIOMETANO El prim ero en Paraguay El vicepres idente de la Nació Federi n, reach various African countries. This continent, where co F ranco, calificó de hecho his tórico la presenta to several countries. de la ción unid ad que funciona gracia s al sistema que desarrolla la empresa Enerpy, que tran sforma los residu dom os everything is to be done, is eager to have large-scale availability of this fuel. icili arios en gas vehic La u ular. tilización de este combustib le representa una “verd adera soberanía energ ética”, consideró. For this reason and because where NGV is, NGV Journal is, NGV Africa is promoted from the number one portal in the industry.

· Massive and guaranteed circulation: NGV Africa will reach an African mailing of 505 email addresses and 324 postal addresses, from 22 countries: Tanzania, Algeria, Cameroon, Egypt, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Rwanda, Benin, Comoros and Ethiopia. · Special Promotions: there will be extra discounts for current advertisers of any of NGV Communications Group’s magazines. · Enhanced advertising: advertisers of the first issue of NGVAfrica will also reach the readers of Asian NGV Communications’ December issue because both magazines will be distributed together. Sales and Subscriptions Join the African market! Contact: [email protected] [email protected] - www.ngvjournal.com

.com 22 February 2011 Monitoring, controlling NGVs and CNG stations

Natural gas is considered one of the cleanest fuels for vehicles. A great amount of natural gas consists in methane and so the combustion products such as CO and CO2 are in a low rate, furthermore it helps to decrease air pollution compared to other fuels.

Nowadays, based on this and other reasons, some manufacturers prefer to produce bifuel cars. In this system the pressure of gas inside the storage cylinder is very high (250 bar). Therefore, the material, production, installation, test and re-test must be done under a meticulous control. This article describes a practical method for checking all of the main safety parameters before refueling bifuel vehicles with CNG as proposed in Iran.

Vehicles with natural gas fuel system This control system is composed of the issued if the verified data is ok otherwise are divided into two categories: following sections: refuel permission will be rejected;

1. Gasoline-base engine 1. A unique anti-metal removable tag is 4. When a car tag is read, information Basically this engine has been designed installed on the CNG cylinder by the on the car’s license plate number, latest for gasoline but a natural gas system is cylinder manufacturer at the time of CNG fueling station code, validity installed in a conversion workshop or in production, or by the installer agency checking period, installer agency code, a factory to use natural gas. whenever they receive the cylinder; etc will be saved in the data bank center for future use. This method may be useful at the 2. A non-removable tag is installed in commencement of a plan to introduce the car windshield that contains the car By installing a computer in each CNG the CNG system, but in the long run it ‘s identification information, installer station along with data bank software, (NGVs and its production) must not be agency code and the last date it was we will be able to monitor and record considered as a final solution. checked; the amount of gas usage as well as the Converting to bifuel in factory is better number of legal and illegal vehicles asking than the workshop (especially in terms 3. When a car with tags arrives at a for CNG service. Also we will be able to of quality control); fueling station all information is checked report the illegal converting centers to the and verified, then a permission will be central CNG control office. 2. Natural gas-base engine The engine of these vehicles is based The proposed scheme is shown in the below diagram. completely on natural gas system. When needed, it can be switched from  natural gas to gasoline and vice versa     without any changes in the engine.    These types of vehicles have a longer     life time compared to previous type  (converted vehicles). Also, air pollution reduction in these factory-made bifuel vehicles improves.     In these two categories of NGVs, safety precautions must be considered not only in the production process but also during installation and maintenance that         includes all safety parameters in CNG cylinder, installer agency, date and the  verification certificates. After verification, General block diagram   refueling permission will be issued. February 2011 23

Application and description of each block is as follows:

1. Gas cylinder tag Cylinder manufacturers have to issue an ID card for each product and authorized cylinder installer agencies will use these ID cards and generate a unique tag with a special algorithm and software for each one. The tags are anti metal and non removable as well. If these are removed for any reason, it will be detected by the fueling station readers and will be recorded and reported as non-standard and non-authorized. The vehicle/cylinder can be easily traceable. By using and installing these ID tags, illegal cylinder makers and non- standardized manufacturers will be identified and controlled. The legal cylinder and parts manufacturers will appreciate and support the system for keeping their business safe and beneficial;

2. Non removable safety ID-car tag This tag contains the car license plate number, engine number, body number, installer agency code, installation date, checking period date, and the manufacturer supplier codes. This tag is installed on the car windshield and when removed or changed, it will be recorded and reported to the center as a fault;

3. Remote tag reader This reader is installed at the fueling station entrance gate. Each car will be a completely new approach, according detected from a 10 meter distance from to Mostafa Alavi. In fact, in the the gate and all the information from the implementation there will be a big gas tank tag and the windshield tag will difference between this system and be read and recorded in the central the RFID one. computer installed in the gas station; Conclusion 4. Central gas station computer The central computer processes the Many car manufacturers and car recorded data as well as compares and owners prefer to have bi-fuel car Morteza Ghazisaedy Mostafa Alavi verifies the data with the manufacturers’ systems due to air pollution, codes, installer agencies’ codes and environmental causes and rising related accidents and prevent cylinder the previous checking date recorded in gasoline prices. So far there are more explosion due to unauthorized tank the data base. If the saved data is than 10 million vehicles using natural installation and use of nonstandard recognized and verified, a permission gas around the world. material. This system is reliable, cost ticket will be issued and a green light effective and manageable not only for signal will turn on. Then the gate is Therefore monitoring and controlling the manufacturers but also for the opened and the car with a verification vehicles, suppliers and CNG stations suppliers. The expansion of this scheme ticket will be able to enter the CNG are one of the most important issues for will enable monitoring and station. The driver can keep the receipt the governments and suppliers as well controlling of the system over the internet. and the CNG station records it for as the people. The proposed system future usage. can organize, monitor, control, By: recognize and even identify illegal Dr Morteza Ghazisaedy, faculty Although the proposed system is similar products and conversion centers. member of electrical and computer with radio-frequency identification (RFID) It would help create a safe system for engineering – Semnan University, Iran system, the description of the system the society and the people. This system Mostafa Alavi, managing director of by a block diagram presented above is will greatly control sources of cylinder Gas Khodro Iran 24 February 2011 On-Board Diagnostic and RFID systems for vehicles

On-Board Diagnostics, or OBD, in an automotive context, is a generic term referring to a vehicle's self-diagnostic and reporting capability. OBD systems give the vehicle owner or a repair technician access to state of health information for various vehicle sub-systems.

The amount of diagnostic information available via OBD has varied widely since the introduction in the early 1980s of on-board vehicle computers, which made OBD possible.

Early instances of OBD would simply Viridis RFID tag for CNG illuminate a malfunction indicator light, or MIL, if a problem was detected—but would not provide any information as to the nature of the problem. Modern OBD implementations use a standardized digital communications port to provide real time data in addition to a standardized series of diagnostic trouble codes, or DTCs, which allow one to rapidly identify and remedy malfunctions within the vehicle. OBD-II PIDs

P-codes, or OBD-II PIDs On Board Diagnostics "Parameter IDs", are codes used to request data from a vehicle, Viridis RFID Dispenser Module for CNG dispenser used as a diagnostic tool. These codes are part of SAE standard J/1979, For detail data on checked data by and transmitting the signal. required to be implemented in all cars OBD-II PID, check There are three types of RFID tags: sold in North America since 1996. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs. passive RFID tags, which have no power source and require an external Typically, an automotive technician will Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is electromagnetic field to initiate a signal use PIDs with a scan tool connected to a technology that uses communication transmission, active RFID tags, which the vehicle's OBD-II connector. via radio waves to exchange data contain a battery and can transmit between a reader and an electronic tag signals once an external source • The technician enters the PID attached to an object, for the purpose ('Interrogator') has been successfully of identification and tracking. identified, and battery assisted passive • The scan tool sends it to the (BAP) RFID tags, which require an vehicle's bus (CAN, VPW, PWM, Some tags can be read from several external source to wake up but have ISO, KWP. After 2008, CAN only) meters away and beyond the line of significant higher forward link capability sight of the reader. The application of providing greater range. • A device on the bus recognizes bulk reading enables an almost parallel the PID as one it is responsible for, and reading of tags. Radio-frequency There are a variety of groups defining reports the value for that PID to the bus identification involves interrogators (also standards and regulating the use of known as readers), and tags (also RFID, including the International • The scan tool reads the response, known as labels). Most RFID tags Organization for Standardization (ISO), and shows it to the technician contain at least two parts. One is an the International Electrotechnical integrated circuit for storing and Commission (IEC), ASTM International, The fuel type coding for CNG is “06” processing information, modulating and the DASH7 Alliance and EPCglobal. and for bifuel cars is “0D”. Other codes demodulating a radio-frequency (RF) RFID has many applications. include “10” bifuel mixed gas/electric, signal, and other specialized functions. “15” for hybrid mixed fuel, etc. The other is an antenna for receiving Source: Wikipedia February 2011 25 Iran to lead the NGV segment and move towards self-sufficiency in producing CNG components

Managing Director of the National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company Farid Ameri informed that Iran aims to become the world leader in terms of the highest number of CNG stations as well as in CNG consumption by 2015. This is supported by the facts that the government plans to continue supporting the segment, the availability of abundant NG supply, guarantee of high price gap between petrol and CNG, and the local production of NGV variants and related components. Around 35 percent of CNG equipment for vehicles and stations is produced locally.

The country is also moving towards being self-sufficient in production of CNG components not only to meet local demands, but also to be exported. He also mentioned that Iran has planned to create standards on the construction and installation of CNG stations in cooperation with the private sector and scientific centers.

Early this year, the Iranian government also urged ministries of petroleum, energy, interior, trade, industries, and road and transportation to help expand CNG stations across the nation. By early January, there are 1,540 CNG stations operating in Iran. It is expected that during the next Iranian year (21 March 2011- 20 March 2012) the number will reach 2,188 units.

Iran's Fifth Five-Year Economic Development Plan is part of a 20-Year Outlook Plan (2005-2025), which serves as the country's main blueprint for long-term sustainable growth. The next Five-Year Development Plan will end in 2015. 26 February 2011 LNG gaining momentum in China

“LNG for transport is gaining interest in the largest motor-vehicle market, China,” said Major Chu, Senior Marketing Manager Asia Pacific of Micro Motion – Emerson Process Management.

Since late 2009, conversion of Heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) to LNG system has been very popular.

Last year (2010), Xinjiang Guanghui alone, planed to produce/convert 3,500 LNG-powered vehicles and build 60 LNG filing stations. The target continues as 30,000 LNG vehicles and a total of 300 stations are expected to be operated within the next 3-5 years.

By November 2010, Xinjiang Guanghui had 1,319 heavy-duty LNG vehicles Starting up an LNG station with Micro Motion component and more than 20 filing facilities. Local vehicles manufacturers were producing 1,169 LNG trailers with 150 more vehicles converted to this system during that time.

Infrastructure expansions are also on the agenda. There are projects on installation of natural gas liquefaction plants—the Northwest projects-- were initiated.

It consists of the followings schemes:

® The first project to supply 500 Mcbm LNG per year has been operating since September 2004;

® The second is under construction, with expected capacity to provide 500 From left to right: Phil Fathers-Business Director Alternative Fuels Emerson Process, Mbcm per year, and will be operated Management, Major Chu-Senior Marketing Manager of Asia Pacific Micro Motion of Emerson, and Marc Butler-Product Line Business Manager this year (2011);

® The third plant was constructed to public bus projects in some cities, infrastructure are expected to be supply 490 Mbcm LNG per year by 1st South of China, like SanYa, Haikou completed. half year 2011. Hainan Island, Shengzhen, FeShan and Guiyang etc, which has been operating ® The first is the West-to-East Natural Meanwhile, the first LNG marine boat in since few years ago. In 2008, Hainan gas pipeline project was initiated when China was operated in August 2010. first pilot LNG vehicle project was the West-to-East line was built five The boat ran along the Yangzi River started with 10 vehicles in the fleet. By years ago. It supplies 12 billion Nm3 of from the Western part of the country to August 2009, 26 buses were bought for gas annually. East of China. public transport. By end of November 2010, there were 140 CNG buses plus ® The Second extension of this For the marine routes, 10 LNG standard 73 LNG buses on this island. West-to-East line offers 30 billion Nm3 filing stations plus 80-100 mobile gas per year from Uzbekistan, stations are planned along Yi Chang The resource of Natural Gas Kazakhstan, and Russia to China. City -Wuhan Central, each covering 600 to support entire LNG/CNG km long route. Vehicle projects. ® 20 billion NM3 gas per year is transported through this pipeline from Apart from that, there are an LNG By 2015, three lines of natural gas Sichuan to the East of China. February 2011 27

® The third extension of West- to East line is under consideration…

® There are LNG Terminals have been operated in GuangDong, Fujian and Shanghai. And more LNG terminals going to be built up and operated soon in Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Liaoning provinces

According to Major Chu’s assessment, there is big potential for LNG vehicle sector to grow in China.

® The constructions of more LNG terminals along the coastal areas offer big opportunities for after-market conversion business, especially those in heavy-duty trucks and trailers segment. Presently, there are around 50,000 trucks for transporting coal and raw materials to heavy industry areas for power plants and steel related factories are considering to be powered by LNG.

® More and more LNG buses will be operated near these coastal areas.

® The cost of converting HDVs to LNG products and services in the industrial, ® Lower capital expenditures by using mode can be regained within very short commercial, and consumer markets a multi-variable measurement device time. through its network power, process that provides precision measurement of: management, industrial automation, · Mass flow rate ® The distribution of gas in areas climate technologies, and tools and · Volumetric flow rate nearby the existing (and future) natural storage businesses. · Density gas pipelines is good. However, other · Temperature areas surrounding outside this gas Recognized widely for its engineering distribution network and pipeline do not capabilities and ® Improve process uptime, product get gas. This provides a good management excellence, Emerson has quality and reduce waste, rework and opportunity for LNG related businesses. approximately 129,000 employees and scrap by using a highly accurate (+/- 250 manufacturing locations worldwide. 0.05%) and repeatable measurement Global projections technology About Micro Motion Coriolis As per Micro Motion prediction, in flowmeter ® Lower the cost of installation as coming 5 years China, India and there are no special mounting, flow Argentina could be leading the growth A Micro Motion Coriolis flowmeter conditioning, or straight pipe runs of NGV industry. Presently Pakistan is consists of a sensor, a transmitter and, required and no need to adjust the still in higher position in terms of NGV in many cases, peripheral devices. factory zero. and stations, However, NGV industry in Pakistan has been going down a lot ® Sensors detect flow rate, density ® Reduce maintenance and costs as recently. Many stations were not and temperature. there are no moving parts and no opened during certain days of the week calibration drift, and the device can be and there are validity deadlines on the ® Transmitters provide sensor cleaned in place without dismantling. CNG station licenses that have not information as outputs, acting like the The Micro Motion Coriolis flowmeter is been used/built. brain of the system to provide a display, also used as CNG fueling application. basic menu access, and outputs to In the automotive segment, around 3.7 interface with other systems. With thanks to Major Chu, Senior million NGVs would run in Indian roads Marketing Manager Asia Pacific of while 2.5 million units are expected to ® Peripherals provide monitoring, alarm Micro Motion – Emerson Process be seen in China streets. or additional functionality, such as batch Management control and enhanced density functions. 1277 Xin Jin Qiao Rd, Shanghai About Emerson 201206, China Whether for liquid, gases or slurries, Tel. +86 21 2892-9000, fax. +86 21 Emerson (NYSE: EMR) is a diversified Micro Motion Coriolis flowmeter 2892-9001, global manufacturing and technology technology offers many advantages www.EmersonProcess.com. : company. It offers a wide range of over traditional volumetric technologies. http://community.micromotion.com 28 February 2011

Higher alternative fuel CNG price output in 2011 for Thailand amendment in

With the steady increase in global National Capital petroleum prices, Thai Government put more focus on increasing the supply Region of India and consumption of alternative fuels to avoid big economic burden for its Main gas distributor in the National people. Capital Region (Delhi and Apart from the plan to increase the use surroundings) in India, IGL, of biodiesel, director-general of increased the retail cost of CNG by Thailand’s Department of Energy Rs1.25 to Rs29 per kg since the Business envisages rising use of CNG beginning of 2011. and LPG in the transport sector, as global This rate applies to consumers in oil prices may rise to USD100 per barrel Delhi City, while buyers in Noida, from an average of USD77 in 2010. Greater Noida and Ghaziabad pay Rs32.50 per kg CNG. Energy Minister Wannarat Channukul consumption of CNG in the transport informed that the draft renewable sector will experience the biggest Previously, the price was increased energy master plan for 2011-2030 would increase: 30.6 percent rise to 6,400 by Rs0.25 per kg to Rs27.75 per set clear targets for lowering greenhouse tonnes per day from 4,900 last year. kg on 1 October 2010. gas emissions over the next two LPG consumption this year will go up The amendment is implemented in decades. In it, consumption of renewable by 17.8 percent to 7.1 million tonnes Delhi, Noida, Greater Noida and energy such as CNG, biomass, biogas, from 5.9 million in 2010, ethanol 4 Ghaziabad. biofuel, solar cells, wind power would percent to 1.28 million litres per day In December 2010, petrol price increase from the present 6 percent to from 1.23 million, and biodiesel by 10 was increased by Rs2.94-2.96 20.4 percent by 2030. percent to 1.9 million litres per day from per litre. The Energy Ministry predicts the 1.72 million in 2010. Kazakhstan to study NGV pathways

As previously reported, Kazakhstan technical equipment such as ticket aims to adopt 100,000 NGVs by 2014. validation tool. It will also be equipped For this reason, the country is studying with a ramp for passengers with and planning to craft an NGV pathway wheelchairs. The municipal fleet also for its “clean” vehicle adoption program. has a modern dispatcher service to Its former capital, Almaty City, is very allow more efficient coordination of the likely to be the first city to employ NGVs vehicles. Kazakhstan has around 2.2 from the new program. billion natural gas reserves. The decision Presently the municipality is facing a to adopt high number of eco-friendly challenge in public transportation, NGVs in its vehicle fleet is, therefore, a especially in the bus segment. Almaty wise choice. has a population of more than 2 million Progressively rising natural gas according to the GeoNames production is transforming Kazakhstan geographical database. In 2008, from a net gas importer to a net Almaty’s inhabitants represent 9% of exporter. Natural gas development has and the Ministry of Environmental the population of the country. lagged behind oil due to the lack of Protection of the Republic of A good public transport system is domestic gas pipeline infrastructure Kazakhstan inked an agreement on required. Improvement in public bus linking the western producing region distribution and technology of NGVs. service is chosen as the solution, in with the eastern industrial region as well Consequently, a regular NGV forum will which new buses will be operated in as insufficiency in export pipelines. be held in Kazakhstan by the Korean Almaty roads. Recently, natural gas However, the Kazakhstan-China gas government. It aims to share knowledge buses meeting the Euro 3 and 4 pipeline will enable the transport of gas on policies to adopt NGVs. Korea will emission norms have been to Kazakhstan's industrial region as well also invite public officials and incorporated in the city fleet. Soon, 20 as increased gas exports when it businessmen of Kazakhstan to visit Yutong buses –which come with 5 comes online in 2014. Korean NGV related manufacturers. years warranty period--will start operat- In last December, Director-General for Other overseas institution is also ing in the City. Climate & Air Quality Management of interested to help defining proposal for The new buses would have improved the Ministry of Environment of Korea a special NGV pathway for Kazakhstan. February 2011 29 Improving CNG fueling segment in Indonesia Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources issued Meanwhile Shell already increased its petrol retail prices in a policy that regulates the price of CNG at Rp 3,100 per liter Jabotabek (Jakarta-Bogor-Tangerang-Bekasi region in West equivalent premium petrol (LSP) on 15 December 2010. Java) and East Java Province by Rp 200 to Rp 250 per liter By early January this year, gas distributor PT Petrogas was by mid December 2010. The respective new prices for the only one that follows the decree. The other two Jabotabek and East Java are Rp 7.200 – Rp 7.500 for petrol distributors, PT Pertamina and the state gas company (PGN) #92 (Super R92), Rp 7.850 - Rp 7.950 for Super Extra have yet to exercise the policy. The government sees that the (premium gasoline), and Rp 7.900 - Rp 8.100 for diesel. price standardisation is important to support the operation of 524 Transjakarta buses in the existing 10 corridors in Jakarta Energy diversification Province. With this pricing policy, CNG bus operators would refuel in any of the available stations instead of queuing at By end 2010, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources stations with cheapest gas price. Consequently, the buses Darwin Zahedy Saleh said that the government would not would arrive at each bus stop with less delay. raise petroleum fuels prices even when global oil prices continued increasing. Oil price reached USD90 per barrel last Pertamina and PGN still sell CNG at Rp 2,562 per LSP and Rp year. Indonesia has successfully gone through oil prices of 3,600 per LSP respectively. The Jakarta municipality urged USD 100 per barrel in the past, said Saleh. The hike in global both Pertamina and PGN to immediately follow the pricing oil prices can become a motivator to speed up energy policy. Pertamina plans to follow the policy soon. Meanwhile, diversification activities. retail prices of petrol in some stations in Jakarta have been increased since beginning of this year despite the previous Revamping the old stations government statement. Nevertheless, By January 2011, leader of Hiswana Migas (Oil and Gas Traders Association), Eri Presently Pertamina operates only two of its CNG stations in Purnomohadi, announced that price of pertamax (petrol with Jakarta. The firm plans to renew eight of its 18 gas fuel sta- 92 Octane) in Pertamina’s stations was raised by Rp 450 a liter tions. Engines and compressors replacements have been from Rp 7.050 to Rp 7.500. For stations located near done in four of its CNG stations. Those stations are located competitors (i.e. Shell), the fuel is sold at a lower price at Rp. at East, West, South Jakarta, and at the Western border 7.450. For pertamax plus (premium petrol, 96 Octane), the of the Jakarta Province. This year, the firm will renew four price was adjusted from Rp 7.450 to Rp 7.900 per liter. other CNG stations in North, West and East Jakarta. Join NGV 2011 Berlin exhibition

2nd NGVA Europe International Show & Workshops 7 - 9 June 2nd NGVA Europe International Show & Workshops Germany 2. Internationaler NGVA Europe Expo&Workshops Natural Gas Vehicles - Biomethane - CNG - LNG - Hydrogen blends

A24 A18 A16 A14 A12 A10 A06 A04 A02 nd A30 A28 A26 2 NGVA Europe International Show & Workshops 16m2 4 20m2 19m2 4 10m2 30m2 4 40m2 4 23m2 36m2 36m2 9m2 9m2 9m2 3 A 5 5 2,5 7,5 10 6 9 A 5 6 7,5 8 A 8 8 14 14 A21 A17 A15 A13 A11 A09 A07 A05 A03 A01

9m2 9m2 A23 A19 5,5 5,5 27,5m2 33m2 41m2 44m2 44m2 44m2 77m2 9m2 9m2 B14 B12 B10 B08 B06 B04 B02 11 B18 B16

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[email protected] :: An event of :: Hosted by :: Organized by :: Sponsor Ein Event von Gastgeber Organisiert von Platinum

www.ngv2011berlin.com 30 February 2011 From other regions EC warming to regulating methane as a greenhouse gas

A landmark ‘first step’ decision for the European Commission after years of advocacy by the NGV industry

The European Commission’s Directorate General (DG) Enterprise and Industry, the service responsible for automotive legislation, announced an intended change in their approach to regulating methane vehicle emissions as part of the traditional hydrocarbon mix and instead label methane as a greenhouse gas (GHG). This and similar strategies have been advocated with only moderate success by the natural gas vehicle (NGV) industry in Europe for the past 16 years. The change, which could be part of a package of emissions-related issues, is proposed by the DG Enterprise in a process called co-decision, a legislative process whereby the European Parliament and Council review legislative proposals and amendments. The change could have a dramatic impact on NGV retrofit system suppliers and likely reduce costs for car manufacturers to install methane catalysts on their NGV products. approval) of Parliament and the European Council as well as an impact analysis. Details of the new regulatory language The NGV industry in Europe has lobbied continuously since would be subject to further debate and input by the NGV 1994 to change the total hydrocarbon regulation into a stakeholders and auto industries in the implementation non-methane hydrocarbon emissions limit . NGV tailpipe process called ‘comitology’ starting early in 2011. One emissions typically exceed the regulatory limits for total Commission insider expressed hopes, however, that the hydrocarbons (THC) because of the amount of unburned process to reconsider the THC, NMHC and greenhouse gas methane in the exhaust. Still, NGVs emit approximately limits for methane would be done in time for the 80-85% less reactive hydrocarbons than petroleum-fuelled implementation of the light duty Euro 6 and heavy duty Euro vehicles; those hydrocarbons that contribute to ozone and VI regulations by 2013. smog at lower levels in the atmosphere. As long as a THC regulation at its current value remains in place (currently there Jeffrey Seisler, CEO of Clean Fuels Consulting, who has been is a 100 mg/km THC and an NMHC for light duty vehicles) a leading advocate of the methane regulatory changes in expensive methane catalysts have to be installed to ensure both US and European laws and regulations said of the new the vehicles comply with the THC. approach, “We lobbied the US Congress for two years to obtain an NMHC in the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments and European vehicle manufacturers have been adding methane another two years with the US Environmental Protection catalysts to their NGVs to achieve the THC which, even at Agency in the rule-writing procedure and achieved success. ‘economy of scale’ manufacturing levels, can cost up to In Europe we were partially successful including an NMHC in €200. For NGV retrofit companies these catalysts could be the heavy duty vehicle regulations in 1999 but have been as much €500 because they are purchased in relatively small unable to overcome the political barriers in the light duty quantities. Since about 90% of the NGVs worldwide are vehicle regulations. The Commission asking for authority to comprised of retrofit vehicles the THC has been seen by the reconsider methane emissions as a greenhouse gas along NGV retrofit industry as effectively killing the NGV market with CO2 is a change in the philosophical approach to wherever the European and accompanying United Nations regulating methane and represents a major step forward for THC regulations would be enforced. Since European the NGV industry.” regulations also transfer to the United Nations level, many countries’ NGV suppliers are at risk of violating the THC The European Commission has a number of regulatory emission standard. options remaining including the addition of a ‘methane cap’; raising the THC limit values; maintaining only an NMHC The proposed language change in Regulations 715/2007/EC emission limit; or switching completely to creating a would “account the greenhouse gas effects of methane GHG-equivalent standard for methane that would be included emissions as CO2 equivalents in vehicle type approval with CO2. But the Commission’s move toward the latter – a information and accordingly increase or remove limit values of GHG equivalent – could resolve key challenges, especially for THC emissions of positive ignition vehicles," referring to vehicle manufacturers and retrofit system suppliers. spark-ignited, gasoline engines. This could be done so long as “the level of environmental protection is not lowered.” By: Dr. Jeffrey M. Seisler, CEO, Clean Fuels Consulting The legal and administrative process remains complex and Avenue Louise 200, 1050 Brussels, Belgium time-consuming, involving two readings (reviews and Tel. + 32.2.647.3218, www.cleanfuelsconsulting.org February 2011 31 From other regions

Most viewed news in NGV Journal Other popular news from 2010 include the http://www.ngvjournal.com/en/markets/i tem/3591-the-q50-reasons-for-using- followings: cngq-were-distributed-in-argentina ® “Record breaker CNG station” Leading online NGV portal, NGV 3. Bolivian government to was installed by HAM and Galileo Journal, has been published since mid reactivate national conversion http://www.ngvjournal.com/en/home 2010, replacing its predecessor program /item/3830-pelmag-and-cng-power- ngvgroup.com. Its daily news has been Bolivia expects to convert 10,000 the-dakar-rally read by readers from over 90 countries vehicles to NGV system within this year. around the globe. The most viewed The vice-president Álvaro García Linera ® Iran to open largest CNG cylinder news in December 2010 and early 2011 said that the Ministry of Hydrocarbons factory are presented below. NGV Journal has been already authorized for the http://www.ngvjournal.com/en/ invites you to read the complete story at immediate and direct purchase of what-is-to-come/item/3372-iran-to- its website. conversion kits and the hiring of work- open-largest-cng-cylinder-factory Subscribe to this e-news for free at shops to encourage CNG conversions. www.ngvjournal.com. It is a complementary measure to the More extended information on this is “levelling fuels-Supreme Decree”, which also available in past edition of Asian 1. Dakar 2011: four NGVs on increases the price of petrol and diesel, NGV Communications magazine the run and freezes the price of compressed Three bifuel cars and a CNG truck natural gas. Read more information on ® First compression plant in the joined the Dakar 2011 rally since this project, funding, and fuel prices in northern region (of Peru) is opened beginning of January. The Chilean gas the website. http://www.ngvjournal.com/en/ distribution company Gasco, main http://www.ngvjournal.com/en/markets/ stations/item/3305-first- sponsor of the team, seeks to item/3687-bolivian-government-to- compression-plant-is-officially- demonstrate that natural gas can be reactivate-national-conversion-program opened-in-the-northern-region used even in vehicles that require more demand and safety. 4. Indian automaker launches ® Mexico City presented 30 buses Toyota FJ Cruiser and Toyota Prado new CNG model running on CNG vans, all with 4,000 cc V6 engines, have Mahindra and Mahindra has recently http://www.ngvjournal.com/en/ a bifuel system, capable of running on announced the approval of a natural vehicles/item/3385-mexico-city- natural gas or petrol, and a combined gas kit for its Logan model. This variant presented-30-buses-running-on- driving range of 900 kilometers. For its is currently being commercialised in compressed-natural-gas part, Mercedes-Benz truck has a 500 Mumbai and Delhi with a conversion kit hp diesel engine, suspension with available in 1.4 GLE and 1.4 GLX trim ® New dual fuel products launched competition shock absorbers and safety levels. in India training according to T4 regulations Italian conversion kits from Landi Renzo GreenMan Technologies http://www.ngvjournal.com/en/vehicles/ are used in these vehicles. announced that its APG International item/3744-dakar-2011-four-ngvs-on- http://www.ngvjournal.com/en/vehicles/ (APGI) subsidiary has signed an the-run and item/3570-indian-automaker-launches- agreement with Kirloskar Integrated http://www.ngvjournal.com/en/home/ new-cng-model Technologies LTD (KITL) for the item/3830-pelmag-and-cng-power-the- integration, marketing, and supply dakar-rally 5. Uzbekistan will develop of APGI's dual fuel systems in this CNG infrastructure Asian country. 2. The “50 reasons of using The decision was made after Korea Gas APGI's dual fuel system converts CNG” were distributed in Corp. (Kogas) and Uzbekneftegaz diesel engines and generators to Argentina (UNG) reached a working-level function more efficiently and at a Argentina and NGV Communications agreement on a 50-50 joint venture, lower operating cost (net fuel cost Group promote the use of CNG in according to Kogas’ authorities. savings of 25% - 35%) by transport sector. See more information The contract is estimated to be officially seamlessly displacing 40%-60% of in the link below and in a separate closed by the end of the year. the normal diesel fuel consumption article in this magazine “Countries set The number of Uzbekistan's NGVs is with CNG, LNG, or bio-methane. examples in promoting NGVs to public”. expected to rise up to 550,000 units in APGI's system is non-invasive to the The 50 reasons in detail was published the near future from the current OEM engine and operates within all in Asian NGV Communications February 120,000 units, according to Kogas’ OEM performance controls. 2010 edition. Download it for free at estimations. http://www.ngvjournal.com/en/ http://www.ngvjournal.com/en/ http://www.ngvjournal.com/en/stations/ products/item/3221-new-dual-fuel- magazines/asian-ngv-communications, item/3619-uzbekistan-will-develop- products-launched-in-india magazine no. 36-3-2010. cng-infrastructure 32 February 2011 BusinessCentre Europegas’diesel to gas conversion system

Europegas Poland The main advantages, among other company is one of the controllers which are able to convert leading European manufacturers of diesel vehicles to gas-powered present modern and innovative Alternative Fuel on Worlds markets, are: Conversion Systems. - complete non-intrusivity to original We proudly present the newest member diesel ECU fuelling strategy, of OSCAR-N products family -the - installation of that system is even Sequential Gas Injection system simplier than regular petrol to gas bi-fuel OSCAR-N DIESEL. Thanks to systems (it is not necessary to drill the implementation of high technology and manifold or cutting original injectors up-to date solutions, our system is a wiring), - Very easy and intutive software with perfect answer to markets needs. - above fact decides that the system pre-loaded default maps plus possibility is able to work with all types of die- of fine tuning all the parameters thro- It injects extra amout of gas into car's sel engines (from injection ugh Internet by our technical intake manifold improves fuel combustion pump type to latest Common Department makes setting ratio up to 97%. In result, vehicle's Rail type system, from up the system as simple engine works in cleaner conditions, the small passanger cars to as never before. effect of black smoke from the exhaust big lorries). is completely eliminated and vehicle's - Additonal safety devices Be smart, think about torque is even 30% higher than on like exhaust temperature sensors economy and ecology. Choose diesel only. and knock sensor installed in engines most reliable and technologically body are protecting the engine all the advanced solutions. Don't It makes possible to replace up to 50% time from getting to big amount of gas, hesitate anymore and visit our website: diesel with LPG or CNG giving over which could be www.europegas.pl or contact us 30% of savings on fuel costs. dangerous to the engine. directly for more informations.

VERSUSGAS - NGV/LPG products and accessories

Who we are:

® Designer, manufacturer, developer and supplier of products and technology for the automotive industry in the field of LPG/CNG/other alternative fuels What we offer:

® NGV/LPG Parts&Accessories ® Sequential Gas Injection System VERSUS ® Other GAS accessories for cars CNG VR-C Line LPG VR-L Line ® Personalized solutions for B2B customers in the area of Sequential Injection Systems. ® Group of engineers' knowledge in the area of micro-controller’s application ® SMD/CNC production services Targets & mission:

® to discover other alternative fuel possibilities to support the environment ® to improve the quality of life whilst still offering improving digital application technology LPG/CNG GAS controller

For more information, visit www.versusgas.com February 2011 33 BusinessCentre The most cost effective way to switch a fleet from diesel to natural gas

Many countries have already realized the benefit of using clean-burning and inexpensive natural gas in the transportation and power generation sector and with oil prices on the increase recently, diesel-to-natural gas conversions are again of great interest to truck and bus fleets. It is considered the most cost effective way to move a fleet from diesel to natural gas, when compared to installing new engines (repowering), or even buying new natural gas powered vehicles.

Omnitek offers a proprietary technology to convert a diesel engine to a natural gas engine. Savings from using less expensive natural gas over diesel will generally pay for the engine conversion in 10 to 18 month. The savings could be substantial when we consider that a heavy-duty vehicle driving 6000 miles per month may use 1000 gallons of diesel at a cost of USD3000 per month. If CNG costs 50 percent less than diesel, the cost for a USD 12,000 conversion is recovered in full in less than 1 year. An added benefit to using natural gas is the elimination of black smoke and the reduction of greenhouse gas emission.

Omnitek offers diesel-to-natural gas conversion kits for new and used diesel engines for trucks, buses and power generators, and follows a five-step evaluation checklist to determine if the vehicle/engine is a good candidate for a diesel-to-natural gas engine conversion.

Checklist: ® 1. Driving Range: Is there space for CNG Tanks? ® 2. Power needed: CNG engine power may be reduced by 5% to 10% over diesel. ® 3. Condition of Engine ® 4. Emissions Standards ® 5. Can the engine be converted?: Some engines are difficult or expensive to convert and may not be the best candidate.

If it is determined that the engine can be converted and the customer decides to proceed, the actual engine conversion will take about 1 week.

Conversion procedure: ® 1- Disassembly of engine. Omnitek points out the importance of using specially ® 2- Checking all components and replacing/refurbishing formulated CNG motor oil. Over the years we have seen accordingly. many premature engine failures because diesel lubricating oil ® 3- Modify/ Installing CNG pistons. was used in a converted engine, which will shorten engine life ® 5- Modify cylinder head for spark plugs. substantially ® 6- Installing sensor for engine position and speed. By using the Omnitek long-life natural gas spark plugs and ® 7- Installing throttle body. the special Omnitek natural gas engine oil, operating costs ® 8- Reassemble engine. and engine failures can be reduced. ® 9- Installing CNG reducer, mixer, closed-loop system and ignition system. Contact: Omnitek Engineering, Corp. (Trading Symbol OMTK) ® 10- Tuning of the engine. 1945 S. Rancho Santa Fe Rd., San Marcos, CA 92078, USA ® 11- Second team installed the CNG cylinders and filling valve. Tel. +1 760-591-0089, fac. +1 760-591-0880 ® 12- Final inspection. [email protected]; www.omnitekcorp.com 34 February 2011 BusinessCentre Aldesa’s CNG and LPG conversion kits

• Complete CNG/LPG Carburetor Kits • Complete CNG/LPG Conversion Kits • LPG Reducers (Sequential and Carburetor) • LPG Solenoid Valves ALDESA started first researches in the • LPG Multivalves LPG sector and manufactured his first • LPG Filling Units LPG Reducer in 1978. In 1995 the company produced the first complete Aldesa CNG and LPG LPG system in Turkey and got the conversion kits are engineered ECE-R 67 standard approval by to meet the regional Bureau Veritas. requirements. Every region, especially Asian As the first Turkish manufacturer of Markets have different demands. autogas equipments, ALDESA now is one of the worldwide leading The difference of ALDESA from many manufacturers of both CNG and LPG other manufacturers is to meet these autogas systems thanks to its high demands. ALDESA is a quality products. customer-oriented firm. This privilege applies not In the last 5 years the CNG market only for OEM; it is also became very important for available for After ALDESA. Market. The importance of finding a solution to the nations’ current economic and energy challenges is at an all-time high. Natural gas is After sales service is one of the an energy answer most important issues for ALDESA. After sales team has ALDESA started R&D studies for been created for this purpose and CNG systems in 2002 and in 2005 they are always ready to travel all started serial production for CNG around the world to give technical Sequential Reducer and this is followed assistance immediately. by CNG Solenoid Valve, Tank Valve and Carburetor Type Reducer. After the The latest manufacturing facilities and R&D completed, all the range of the continuous improvement processes products have been approved by ECE guarantee the highest quality R 110. standards. ALDESA is certified to ISO 9001. The potential of Asian markets is high due to fast development of many ALDESA’s latest product is countries. Consequently they are very TECHNOSEQ Sequential Kit. It is important markets for ALDESA. CNG dedicated for 4, 6 and 8 cylinder Sequential Reducer has scored a major engines. This new software has Easy success in Asian Calibration System. markets and has been approved by ALDESA product range includes, OEM. ALDESA’s CNG products have • CNG Reducers ( Sequential and been passed all OEM tests and this Carburetor) achievement is proved by ISO 15500 • CNG Solenoid Valves Certification. • CNG Tank Valves ALDESA has decided to present all its • CNG Filling Units For more information visit the web products to after market. And now • Changeover Switches site www.aldesa.com.tr or you can especially with its CNG Carburetor • Level Sensors contact [email protected] , Reducer ALDESA is one of the leader • Electronic Control Units phone + 90 216 561 41 70 (4 lines) brands in Asian Market. • CNG/LPG Injectors February 2011 35 Asian NGV statistics

Fuel price survey in China as of December 2010 A. CNG prices in main NGV cities and provinces

Beijing: 3.30 yuan/m3 Xi’an: 3.55yuan/m3 Urumchi: 3.40yuan/m3 Sichuan Province: 4.00yuan/m3 Shanxi Province: 3.75 yuan/m3 Guangxi Province: 2.99 yuan/m3 Inner Mongolia: 3.56 yuan/m3

Note: 1. In most of NGV cities in China, the price ratio of CNG to Octane #90 petrol is 0.6 : 1.

2. In China, petrol is supplied in three different octane levels: #90, #93 and #97. Petrol with octane #90 is the cheapest, while #97 is the most expensive.

3. The December 2010 exchange rate between Euro and Yuan is 8.9. B. Gasoline and diesel prices (yuan /liter)

Cities / Provinces #90 petrol #93 petrol #97 petrol Diesel Beijing - 6.92 7.37 6.88 Shanghai - 6.87 7.3 6.77 Tianjin 6.1 6.56 6.92 6.42 Chongqing 6.3 6.67 7.04 6.5 Shenzhen - 6.8 7.36 6.61 Fujian 6.1 6.46 6.83 6.34 Gansu 6.05 6.4 6.96 6.29 Guangdong 6.31 6.8 7.36 6.61 Guangxi 6.09 6.4 6.8 6.35 Guizhou 6.07 6.41 6.81 6.44 Hainan - 7.58 8.05 6.53 Hebei 6.1 6.58 6.95 6.42 #3 e 9 Volum 00 ber 1 Num 0 201 May Henan 6.15 6.54 6.87 6.43 a voice from Europe, is to the the The Gas Vehicles Report, Hubei 6.15 6.55 6.9 6.45 world in the service of ecology and economy ition ry ed ersa Hunan 6.16 6.57 6.99 6.45 unique NGV global magazine. Anniv

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y ed N l Ita mot ro ll is p a V s in NG EM y O b dia me he t of t even g up The omin Liaoning 6.12 6.52 6.96 6.3 r is c yea Inner Mongolia 6.08 6.49 6.92 6.38 GVR statistics are the referential data point for the whole industry and institutions. Anhui 6.14 6.54 6.92 6.45 Ningxia 6.13 6.5 6.86 6.34 More than 8,000 GVR copies are mailed monthly to 82 countries in the five continents addressed to Qinghai 6.2 6.52 6.81 6.42 Governmental related offices, OEMs & Oil companies, Shandong 6.11 6.57 7.02 6.42 Associations, NGV industries, refuelling stations, .com Shaanxi 6.12 6.49 6.85 6.33 workshops and suppliers;www.thegvr besides, the magazine can be downloaded from .com Shanxi 6.12 6.43 7.11 6.49 Contact: info@thegvr Sichuan 6.21 6.63 6.92 6.52 Tibet 7.1 7.66 7.83 6.95 Heilongjiang 6.31 6.66 7.02 6.21 Xinjiang 6.02 6.52 6.9 6.34 Yunnan 6.24 6.65 7.1 6.55 Zhejiang 6.09 6.53 6.94 6.4 36 February 2011 Asian NGV statistics NGV statistics Natural Gas Vehicles Refuelling stations Monthly gas Country MD/HD MD/HD Under VRA consumption Last update Total Cars/LDVs buses trucks Others Total Public Private construction (M Nm3) Pakistan 3.500.100 3.450.000 100 50.000 3.273 3.273 0,0% January 2011 Iran 2.070.930 2065566 5364 1.540 1.512 28 635 85,1% January 2011 India 1.100.000 1.069.380 23.000 715 6.905 600 281 319 0,0% December 2010 China 500.000 320.000 150.000 30.000 1.652 1.453 199 232 9 0,0% January 2010 Uzbekistan 300.000 300.000 138 138 0,0% January 2011 Thailand 219.024 177.606 13.145 26.556 1.717 426 401 25 0 0,0% December 2010 Bangladesh 200.000 168.412 3.233 8.355 20.000 500 500 13 191,9% January 2010 Armenia 101.352 69.971 9.831 19.626 1.924 303 9 294 43,6% October 2010 Russia 100.052 86.200 1.400 12.400 52 249 202 47 26 4 93,5% June 2010 Malaysia 44.635 44.103 486 46 148 146 2 10 0,0% October 2010 Japan 39.623 15.298 1.495 21.243 1.587 342 292 50 614 0,0% September 2010 Korea 28.324 2.016 25.390 908 10 166 161 5 13 105,7% November 2010 Myanmar 22.821 4.527 18.290 4 37 37 0,0% October 2008 Tajikistan 10.600 10.600 53 53 216,5% December 2007 Kyrgyzstan 6.000 6.000 6 6 55,6% December 2007 Singapore 4.896 4.880 7 9 5 5 June 2010 Turkey 3.339 1.850 1.489 14 8 6 35 8,3% April 2010 Georgia 3.000 3.000 42 42 0,0% January 2008 Australia 2.825 100 1.700 275 750 47 4 43 39 130 0,0% November 2009 Indonesia 2.550 1.755 335 210 250 9 9 0,0% December 2009 Vietnam 1.002 1.000 2 12 11 1 December 2009 United Arab Emirates 350 350 0 0 2 1 1 16 1 0,0% May 2009 New Zealand 283 180 66 37 14 14 0,0% March 2007 Philippines 36 11 25 3 1 2 0,0% February 2006 Kazakhstan 10 10 September 2009 Turkmenistan 1 1 November 2009 Greater Asia 8.261.742 7.802.805 255.358 120.301 83.278 9.592 8.556 1.036 948 829 January 2011 World review Cars MD/HD MD/HD fuelling Region Total NGVs Others Note: In this list, Asian countries include all the /LDVs Buses Trucks stations above-mentioned Greater Asian nations in the "NGV Asia 8.053.999 7.641.784 242.638 88.275 81.302 8.984 statistics" (table 1) except for the Eurasian countries which is Eurasia 207.743 161.021 12.720 32.026 1.976 608 presented in a separate group in this table (Armenia, Georgia, Africa 140.331 137.635 1.237 713 746 142 Turkey, and Russia). Europe 1.104.724 897.014 131.228 75.572 910 2.990 North America 125.177 109.037 11.240 2.500 2.400 1.20 America 4.162.387 4.138.907 13.820 9.660 0 4.739 Cities with CNG refuelling stations World total 13.794.361 13.085.398 412.883 208.746 87.334 18.667 Country Number Last Fuel Prices of Cities update Premium Regular Diesel CNG CNG price CNG price Country Gasoline (Euro/ equivalent per equivalent per Armenia 37 Mar. '08 Gasoline (Euro/litre) (Euro/litre) (Euro/litre) Nm3) litre gasoline litre diesel Australia 3 Nov. '09 Armenia 0,75 0,71 0,67 0,35 0,31 0,36 Bangladesh 8 Nov. '05 Australia 0,77 0,72 0,78 0,34 0,30 0,35 China 74 Sept. '04 Bangladesh 0,52 0,49 0,34 0,18 0,16 0,18 Egypt 16 Apr '06 China 0,79 0,67 0,72 0,39 0,35 0,40 India 42 Nov. '10 Egypt 0,35 0,23 0,14 0,06 0,05 0,06 Indonesia 2 Sept. '08 India 0,64 0,48 0,27 0,24 0,28 Iran 685 Oct. '10 Korea 34 May. '05 Indonesia 0,44 0,31 0,33 0,18 0,16 0,18 Malaysia 6 Oct. '06 Iran 0,10 0,07 0,01 0,03 0,02 0,03 Pakistan 50 Apr. '08 Japan 1,39 1,31 1,19 0,68 0,52 0,58 Philippines 1 Oct.'05 Korea 1,11 0,96 0,55 0,49 0,56 Russia 172 Aug. '07 3.219 Malaysia 0,45 0,40 0,16 0,13 0,16 Singapore 1 Jul. '05 Pakistan 0,68 0,57 0,40 0,36 0,41 Taiwan 1 Apr'. 05 1.175 Philippines 0,76 0,60 0,26 0,23 0,27 Thailand 39 Aug '08 Russia 0,76 0,67 0,56 0,25 0,22 0,26 Turkey 2 Aug. '04 Singapore 0,94 0,67 0,70 0,63 0,72 UAE 2 Oct. '06 Thailand 0,92 0,74 0,75 0,21 0,19 0,21 Total 1.175 Asia Worlwide 2nd NGVA Europe International Show & Workshops

Natural Gas Vehicles - Biomethane - CNG - LNG - Hydrogen blends Erdgasfahrzeuge - Bio-Erdgas - CNG - LNG - CH4/H2

, 2011 B 7 - 9 erli ne n, Ju Ge rm an y 7.- 9. Ju n i 2 0 1 1

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