THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE A Historical and Geographical Encyclopedia

Junius P. Rodriguez, Editor

ABCiCLIO Santa Barbara, California • Denver, Colorado • Oxford, England CONTENTS

Contributors, xi Preface, xiii Acknowledgments, xv Introduction, xvii Maps, xxix

Adams, John Quincy, 1 Bridger, Fort, 49 Addington, Henry, First Viscount Sidmouth, 3 Bridger, James, 51 Adet, Pierre Auguste, 4 Buffalo Soldiers, 51 Amana Colonies, 5 Burr, Aaron, 53 American Fur Company, 6 American Insurance Co. v. Canter, 7 Cabot, George, 55 Ames, Fisher, 7 Cajuns, 56 Amiens, Peace of, 8 Cameahwait, 57 Aranjuez, Convention of, 9 Camino Real, El, 58 Arapaho,10 Carondelet, Louis Francisco Hector de, 58 Arikara, 10 Carson, Christopher "Kit," 59 Arkansas, 12 Cartography, 60 Arkansas Post, 14 Casa-Calvo, Sebastian Calvo de La Puerta y Armstrong, Fort, 14 O'Farrill, Marques de, 61 Armstrong, John, 16 Caspar, Fort, 63 Ashley, William Henry, 17 Catlin, George, 63 Assiniboine, 17 Charbonneau, Toussaint, 64 Astor, John Jacob, 19 Charles IV, 65 Atkinson, Fort, 20 Chartres, Fort de, 66 Audubon, John James, 21 Cheyenne, 67 Chimney Rock, 68 Badlands, 23 Chouteau, Rene Auguste, 69 Barbe-Marbois, Francois, Marquis de, 24 Claiborne, William Charles Cole, 70 Baring Brothers, 25 Clark, Daniel, 71 Bastrop, Baron de, 26 Clark, Fort, 72 Becknell, William, 27 Clark, George Rogers, 73 Beckwourth, James, 28 Clark, William, 74 Bellefontaine, Fort, 29 Clinton, George, 76 Benton, Thomas Hart, 30 Collot, Georges Henri Victor, 77 Bent's Fort, 31 Colony for Freed Slaves, 78 Bernadotte, Jean Baptiste, 32 Colorado, 79 Bingham, George Caleb, 32 Colter, John, 81 Bison, 33 Comanche, 82 , 34 Constitution of the United States, 83 Black Hawk Purchase, 36 Convention of 1818, 85 , 36 Cordero y Bustamente, Manuel Antonio, 86 Black Hills, 38 Corps of Discovery, 86 Blackfoot, 39 Council Bluffs, , 87 Bodmer, Charles, 40 Coureurs de Bois, 88 Bonaparte, Joseph, 41 Cree, 89 Bonaparte, Lucien 42 Creoles, 90 Bonaparte, Napoleon, 43 Crow, 91 Bonneville, Benjamin L. E., 45 Boone, Daniel, 46 Dearborn, Henry, 93 Bore, Jean Etienne, 47 de Decres, Denis Due, 94 Breckinridge, John, 48 Deseret, State of, 94

Contents VII Diplomacy of the Louisiana Purchase, 95 Jay-Gardoqui Negotiations, 157 Dry Farming, 98 Jay's Treaty, 158 Du Pont de Nemours, Pierre Samuel, 98 Jefferson, Thomas, 160 Duane, William, 100 Jesup, Fort, 162 Dunbar-Hunter Expedition, 100 Jones, Evan, 163

Essex Junto, 103 Kansas, 165 Kansas-Nebraska Act, 168 Family Compact, 105 Kaskaskia, 169 Federalist. Party, 106 Kaw, 169 Fernando, Duke of Parma, 107 Kearny, Fort, 170 Fitzpatrick, Thomas, 108 Kickapoo, 171 Flathead, 109 King, Rufus, 172 Flora of the Louisiana Purchase, 110 King-Hawkesbury Treaty, 173 Floyd, Charles, 112 Kiowa, 174 Fontainebleau, Treaty of, 112 Fox, 113 Lafitte, Jean, 177 Fredonian Rebellion, 114 Land Law of 1820, 178 Free Soil Party, 115 Land Speculation, 179 Freeman Expedition, 116 Laramie, Fort, 180 French and Indian War, 117 Laussat, Pierre Clement de, 181 Fur Trapping, 119 Leavenworth, Fort, 182 Leclerc, Charles-Victor-Emmanuel, 182 Gallatin, Albert, 121 Ledyard, John, 183 Gardoqui, Diego Maria de, 122 Lewis, Meriwether, 184 Gateway Arch, 123 Lewis and Clark Expedition, 186 Gayoso de Lemos, Manuel, 124 Lincoln, Levi, 190 Genet, Edmond Charles, 125 Lisa, Manuel, 191 Gibson, Fort, 126 Literature, the Louisiana Purchase in, 192 Godoy, Manuel de, 127 Livingston, Edward, 193 Graduation Act, 128 Livingston, Robert R., 194 Great American Desert, 129 Long, James, 196 Griffin, Thomas, 130 Long, Stephen Harriman, 197 Griswold, Roger, 131 Long (Stephen Harriman) Expedition, 198 Gros Ventre, 132 Loose Construction of the U.S. Constitution, 199 Gutierrez-Magee Expedition, 133 Los Adaes, 199 Louisiana Land Law of 1804, 200 Haiti, 135 Louisiana Memorial, 201 Hamilton, Alexander, 136 Louisiana Purchase International Exposition, 202 Herrera, Simon de, 137 L'Ouverture, Toussaint, 204 Hidatsa, 138 Luneville, Treaty of, 206 Historiography of the Louisiana Purchase, 139 Homestead Act, 140 Macomb, Fort, 209 Hope and Company, 143 Madison, James, 209 Hudson's Bay Company, 143 Magruder, Allan Bowie, 211 Hunt, Wilson Price, 145 Mandan, 212 Mandan, Fort, 215 Independence Rock, 147 Manifest Destiny, 216 Indian Removal, 147 Marshall, John, 218 Indian Territory, 149 Maximilian, Prince Alexander Philipp zu International Law and the Louisiana Purchase Wied-Neuwied, 219 Treaty, 151 McClallen, John, 220 Iowa, 152 McKean, Thomas, 221 Ioway, 154 McLoughlin, John, 221 Irujo, Carlos Martinez de (Marquis de Casa Irujo), Mesabi Range, 222 154 Michaux, Andre, 223 Isle of Orleans, 155 , 224

V1U Contents , 226 Quapaw, 289 , 227 Missouri Compromise, 228 Randolph, John, 291 Missouri Fur Company, 229 Relf, Richard, 292 Monroe, James, 230 Rendezvous System, 292 Montana, 231 Right of Deposit, 294 Morales, Juan Ventura, 233 Riley, Fort, 294 Mormon Road, 234 Rocky Mountain Fur Company, 295 Mortefontaine, Convention of, 235 Rocky Mountains, 296 Mountain Men, 236 Ross, James, 298 Mouths of the Mississippi River, 238 Rutledge, John, 299 Murray, Hugh, 239 Sac and Fox, 301 Nacogdoches, 241 Sacagawea, 302 Natchez Trace, 241 Saint Genevieve, 303 Natchitoches, 242 Saint Louis, 304 Nebraska, 243 San Ildefonso, Treaty of, 305 Neutral Ground, 245 San Lorenzo, Treaty of, 307 New Madrid Earthquakes, 246 Sand Hills, 308 New Mexico, 247 Santa Fe Trail, 309 New Orleans, 248 Santee , 309 New Orleans, Battle of, 250 Sauk,310 Newspapers (International) and the Scott, Fort, 312 Louisiana Purchase, 252 Sedella, Antonio de, 313 Newspapers (U.S.) and the Louisiana Seventh Congress, 313 Purchase, 253 Shoshoni, 314 Nolan, Philip, 254 Sibley, John, 316 Nootka Sound Crisis, 255 Slavery, 317 North Dakota, 256 Smith, Fort, 319 Nuttall, Thomas, 257 Smith, Jedediah Strong, 320 Snelling, Fort, 320 Oglala Sioux, 259 South Dakota, 321 Ojibwa, 260 South Pass, 323 Oklahoma, 261 Squatter's Rights, 324 Oregon Country, 263 Stoddard, Amos, 325 Oregon Trail, 265 Orleans, Territory of, 267 Talleyrand-Perigord, Charles Maurice de, 327 Osage, 269 Tallmadge Amendment, 328 Osage, Fort, 270 Taos, 329 Taylor Amendment, 329 Paine, Thomas, 271 Tertium Quids, 330 Paris, Treaty of, 272 Texas, 331 Pawnee, 273 Textbooks: the Louisiana Purchase in High School Pichon, Louis-Andre, 274 Textbooks, 332 Pickering, Timothy, 275 36 Degrees 30 Minutes North Latitude, 334 Pike Expedition (1805-1806), 276 Towson, Fort, 334 Pike Expedition (1806-1807), 277 Tracy, Uriah, 335 Pike, Fort, 277 Transcontinental Treaty, 336 Pike, Zebulon Montgomery, 278 Tucker, St. George, 338 Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, 280 Turner, Frederick Jackson, 339 Pinckney, Thomas, 281 Tuscany, 340 Ponca, 282 Pontalba, Joseph Xavier de, 283 Valle, Jean-Baptiste, 345 Popular Sovereignty, 284 Victor, Claude Perrin, 345 Portage des Sioux, Treaty of, 285 , 286 War Hawks, 347 Preemption Act, 286 War of 1812, 347

Contents IX Washita, Fort, 349 Winnebago, 354 West Florida, 350 Wounded Knee, 355 West Florida Rebellion, 350 Wyoming, 357 Wichita, 351 Wilkinson, James, 352 - York, 361 Williams, Bill, 353

Chronology, 363 Documents, 379 Bibliography, 473 Index, 489 About the Editor, 513

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