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Title Flowpath 2014, National Meeting on Hydrogeology Abstract Volume
Editors Antonella Baiocchi Francesca Lotti Silvano Onofri Vincenzo Piscopo
Technical editing Antonella Baiocchi Francesca Lotti Simone Maria Piacentini
Printing Leograph.it – Vetralla (VT) Via Cassia 201, Vetralla (VT) www.leograph.it [email protected]
Copyright © Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, ISBN 978-88-907553-4-7 Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 2014
The Organizing Committee (IAH Italian Chapter) Vincenzo Piscopo (Chair), Giovanni Barrocu, Daniela Ducci, Fulvio CelicoPaolo Cerutti, Antonio Dematteis, Paolo Fabbri, Maria Dolores Fidelibus, Alessandro Gargini, Francesco La Vigna, Marco Masetti, Marco Petitta, Maurizio Polemio, Viviana Re, Andrea Sottani.
The Scientifc Committee Giovanni Pietro Beretta,Tullia Bonomi, Alfonso Corniello, Marina De Maio, Marco Doveri, Walter Dragoni, Mauro Giudici, Stefano Lo Russo, Francesca Lotti, Grazia Martelli, Micòl Mastrocicco, Torquato Nanni, Elisabetta Preziosi, Sergio Rusi, Giuseppe Sappa, Marco Tallini.
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Viterbo, Italy – June 18 – 20, 2014
FOREWORD
FLOWPATH 2014, the National Meeting on Hydrogeology, Viterbo 2014, follows up on previously organized and successful meeting FLOWPATH 2012 held in 2012 in Bologna. According to the aim of the 1st Edition, the conference will be an opportunity for Italian hydrogeologists to exchange ideas and knowledge on diversified groundwater issues. The IAH Chapter organized the 2nd Edition to ensure the continuation of this stimulating debate within the scientific and professional community, giving priority to proposals and ideas of young hydrogeologists. This Abstract Volume contains abstracts of technical oral and poster contribution accepted to the FLOWPATH 2014, and of the invited keynotes presentations. The abstracts were evaluated by the members of the Scientific and Organizing Committees. More than 80 abstracts have been submitted for oral or poster presentations, mainly but not only by Italian hydrogeologists. Significant and interesting contributions were also received from many counties such as Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Egypt, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Guatemala, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, USA.
FLOWPATH 2014 focuses on four themes of great importance:
1. Contaminant Hydrogeology, 2. Groundwater Quality Protection, 3. Hydrogeology of Mineral and Thermal Waters, 4. Climate Change and Groundwater Sustainability.
The Table of Contents of the Abstract Volume is organized according to the four topics of the conference. Within each topic, the abstract of the keynote lecture opens the Session and is followed by the technical contributions in alphabetical order of the first Author’s name. In order to facilitate the use of the volume, the Index of Authors is placed at the end of the volume. The printing of this volume was made possible thanks to the contribution of the Executive Committee and of the Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi della Tuscia.
Editors: Antonella Baiocchi Francesca Lotti Silvano Onofri Vincenzo Piscopo
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ID Pag. VALIDATION OF AN UNSTEADY SCHEMATIC MATHEMATICAL MODEL AT THE DAILY TIME SCALE FOR COMPARTMENTALISED AQUIFER SYSTEMS: A STUDY CASE IN 13 26 SOUTHERN ITALY Adolfo Mottola, Nicoletta Prosperini and Fulvio Celico
BORON RICH GROUNDWATER IN CENTRAL EASTERN ITALY: MULTIDISCIPLINARY 14 APPROACH TO DEFINE THE SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION 28 William Palmucci and Sergio Rusi
INTEGRATED PLUME TREATMENT WITH PERSULFATE ISCO AND MICROBIALLY MEDIATED SULFATE REDUCTION (IBR): A FIELD EXPERIMENT 15 30 Mahsa Shayan, Neil R. Thomson, Massimo Marchesi, James F. Barker, Daniel Hunkeler, Ramon Aravena, Daniel Bouchard, Eugene Madsen and Tim Buscheck
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SESSION 2 Groundwater quality protection 33
ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS AS A TOOL IN GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY 16 ASSESSMENT 34 Przemysław Wachniew
PLANNING ACTIONS FOR CONTROLLING SALTWATER INTRUSION COUPLING SEAWAT AND GLOBAL INTERACTIVE RESPONSE SURFACE: THE NAURU ISLAND 17 36 CASE STUDY Luca Alberti, Andrea Castelletti, Gabriele Oberto and Francesca Pianosi
HYDROGEOLOGICAL AND HYDROCHEMICAL RESEARCHES IN THE UPPER VICENZA’S PLAIN: RESULTS ACQUIRED AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR 18 GROUNDWATER PROTECTION 38 Lorenzo Altissimo, Silvia Bertoldo, Giulia Passadore, Elisa Stella, Roberto Pedron, Luca Rigato and Andrea Sottani
THE ROLE OF PERCHED AQUIFERS AND DOME-IMPOUNDED GROUNDWATER IN DRINKING WATER SUPPLY IN THE CIMINO-VICO VOLCANOES (CENTRAL ITALY) 19 40 Antonella Baiocchi, Maurizio Barbieri, Maria Battistel, Lavinia M.P. Delfanti, Francesca Lotti, Sergio Madonna, Vincenzo Piscopo
REVIEW ON AVAILABLE DATA ABOUT NATURAL BACKGROUND LEVELS OF 20 DISSOLVED ELEMENTS IN THE GROUNDWATER OF ROME (ITALY) 42 Isidoro Bonfà, Francesco La Vigna and Simona Martelli
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ASSESSMENT FOR A MONITORING NETWORK DESIGN IN THE UPPER BASIN OF SAMALÁ RIVER (SOUTHWESTERN GUATEMALA) 21 44 Arianna Bucci, Elisa Franchino, Alessandra Bianco Prevot, Manuela Lasagna, Domenico Antonio De Luca, Humberto Osvaldo Hernández Sac, Israel Macario and Edwin Sac Escobar
MINOR ELEMENTS HYDRO-GEOCHEMISTRY FOR CARBONATE AQUIFER CHARACTERIZATION (GRAN SASSO, CENTRAL ITALY) 22 46 Valentina Carucci, Marco Proposito, Mauro Manetta, Marco Tallini, Massimo Angelone, Maurizio De Cassan, Maria Rita Montereali and Elisa Nardi
MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF WATER RESOURCES: INTEGRATED 23 MODELING AND APPLICATIONS TO DRINKING WATER CATCHMENTS AREAS 48 Thibaut Constant, Abdejalil Lioeddine, Séverine Charrière and Yves Emsellem
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HYDROGEOLOGY AND GROUNDWATER RESOURCES OF MT. MASSICO (CAMPANIA) 24 50 Alfonso Corniello, Daniela Ducci and Marina Iorio
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF THE GROUNDWATER FLOW IN THE JONIAN COASTAL AREA OF THE GULF OF TARANTO (SOUTHERN ITALY) 25 52 Giovanna De Filippis, Mauro Giudici, Sergio Negri, Stefano Margiotta, Laura Cattaneo and Chiara Vassena
THE IMPORTANCE OF DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN ANTHROPOGENIC POLLUTION AND NATURAL ORIGIN IN GROUNDWATER OF HIGHLY DETERIORATED AREAS 26 54 Daniela Ducci, Mariangela Sellerino, Elisabetta Preziosi, Daniele Parrone, Maria Teresa Condesso De Melo and Luis Ribeiro
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF TDS AND HEAVY METALS IN 27 GROUNDWATER AT DAMASCUS CITY AND ITS SURROUNDINGS, SYRIA 56 Mohamed El-Kashouty, Ahmed El-Kammar, Mohamed Mokhtar Yehia and Ghadir Miro
OBSERVATIONS AND ANALYSIS OF PERCHED GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS IN THE SOUTHERN BASIN OF MATESE MOUNTAINS (SOUTH ITALY) 28 58 Maria Ida Falconetti, Anna Ricciardi, Giovanni Forte, Pasquale Paduano and Silvia Fabbrocino
ALCOTRA – ALIRHYS PROJECT: CASE HISTORY OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY 29 PROTECTION 60 Adriano Fiorucci, Maria Governa, Federico Marchionatti and Massimiliano Petricig
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN 30 PIEDMONT PLAIN AQUIFERS (NORTH – WESTERN ITALY) 62 Elisa Franchino, Manuela Lasagna, Arianna Bucci and Domenico Antonio De Luca
PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES FOR DEVELOPING THE GROUNDWATER MONITORING NETWORK OF ROME (ITALY) 31 64 Francesco La Vigna, Isidoro Bonfà, Simona Martelli, Marco Mazza, Fabio Francesconi, Romeo Bartoccini and Roberto Provantini
PRELIMINARY CONCEPTS FOR FLUID FLOW BEHAVIOUR IN THE SHERWOOD SANDSTONE AQUIFER (GREAT BRITAIN): INSIGHTS FROM FIELD WORK AND 32 66 LABORATORY ANALYSES Giacomo Medici, Noelle Odling, Jared West and Nigel Mountney
PROTECTION ZONES FOR DRINKING WATER: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH APPLIED TO SPRINGS AND WELLS LOCATED AT THE SW BORDER OF APUAN ALPS (TUSCANY- 33 ITALY) 68 Matia Menichini, Simone Da Prato, Marco Doveri, Alessandro Ellero, Matteo Lelli, Giulio Masetti, Barbara Nisi and Brunella Raco
THE CURRENT STATE OF THE LOCAL GROUNDWATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN THE 34 CITY OF BELGRADE, REHABILITATION AND PROSPECTS FOR UTILIZATION 70 Dejan Nešković, Miroslav Krmpotić, Dejan Tadić and Vladimir Mitrović
APPLICATION OF A MULTI-COMPONENT METHOD FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF A SALTWATER UPRISING INTO AN ALLUVIAL CONTINENTAL AQUIFER (OLTREPO 35 72 PAVESE PLAIN, ITALY) Giorgio Pilla and Marica Bersan
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A MULTI-ISOTOPIC APPROACH TO EVALUATE ORIGIN AND FATE OF NITRATE IN GROUNDWATER HOSTED IN A NVZ SARDINIAN AREA 36 74 Daniele Pittalis, Riccardo Biddau, Alberto Carletti, Clara Demurtas, Pierpaolo Roggero, Giorgio Ghiglieri and Rosa Cidu
HYDROGEOLOGICAL IMPACT OF FIRENZUOLA RAILWAY TUNNEL (ITALY): INFERENCES FROM THE CHEMICAL AND ISOTOPE COMPOSITION OF SUPERFICIAL 37 76 AND GROUND WATERS Luca Ranfagni, Fabrizio Gherardi and Stefano Rossi
LARGE SCALE PHYTO-TREATMENT FOR ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION: THE SAN NICCOLÒ EXPERIMENT 38 Rudy Rossetto, Alessio Barbagli, Simona Bosco, Irene Carloni, Valentina Ciccolini, Vittoria 78 Giannini, Elisa Pellegrino, Chiara Pistocchi, Tiziana Sabbatini, Nicola Silvestri, Alfonso Baiocchetti, Antonio Difonzo, Leonardo Giannecchini and Enrico Bonari
COMPONENT SEPARATION APPROACH TO ESTIMATE NATURAL BACKGROUND 39 LEVELS: A CASE STUDY FROM THE LOWER PO PLAIN (NORTHERN ITALY) 80 Marco Rotiroti, Biagio Di Mauro, Letizia Fumagalli and Tullia Bonomi
ASSESSMENT OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY AND HYDROGEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY NETWORKS IN VITERBO REGION, 40 82 CENTRAL ITALY Giuseppe Sappa, Sibel Ergul and Flavia Ferranti
EFFECTS OF URBAN CHANGES ON GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY 41 84 Stefania Stevenazzi, Marco Masetti, Son V. Nghiem and Alessandro Sorichetta
THE USE OF GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF PALEOWATERS CONTAMINATIONS WITHIN THE OLTREPÒ PAVESE PLAIN AQUIFER (NORTHERN 42 86 ITALY) Patrizio Torrese, Giorgio Pilla and Marica Bersan
THE PHREATIC AQUIFER OF THE ISONZO PLAIN (NE ITALY): HYDRODYNAMIC AND VULNERABILITY 43 88 Francesco Treu, Enrico Zavagno, Luca Zini, Sara Biolchi, Franco Cucchi, Giulia Zuecco, Tamara Ferjan and Sabrina Russo
COLLOIDS CONTAMINATION IN PERYTHIRRENIC VOLCANIC AQUIFERS (CENTRAL 44 ITALY) 90 Stefano Viaroli, Emilio Cuoco, Roberto Mazza and Dario Tedesco
INTERACTION BETWEEN KARST AND POROUS AQUIFERS, THE CASE OF MT. MIA 45 TRANSBOUNDARY AQUIFER 92 Luca Zini, Francesco Treu, Enrico Zavagno, Walter Boschin, Chiara Calligaris and Franco Cucchi
ID Pag.
SESSION 3 Hydrogeology of mineral and thermal waters 95
ORIGIN AND RECHARGE OF HUNGARIAN THERMAL WATERS BY CHEMICAL AND 46 ISOTOPE DATA 96 István Fórizs, József Deák and Kornél Albert
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BOREHOLE HEAT EXCHANGERS: HOW FLOW VELOCITY AND DISPERSION 47 INFLUENCE HEAT TRANSFER 98 Luca Alberti, Ivana La Licata, Adriana Angelotti and Matteo Antelmi
SOURCES OF BIAS FOR HIGH RESOLUTION TEMPERATURE PROFILES IN A COASTAL AQUIFER 48 100 Nicolò Colombani, Micòl Mastrocicco, Beatrice Maria Sole Giambastiani and Mariachiara Caschetto
ONGOING ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES IN THE ACQUE ALBULE BASIN (CENTRAL ITALY): TOWARD AN EFFECTIVE TIME-DEPENDENT GROUNDWATER CONCEPTUAL 49 102 MODEL Andrea Del Bon, Torquato Nanni, Marco Petitta and Chiara Sbarbati
A PHYSICO-CHEMICAL MODEL AS A WAY OF RECONSTRUCTION OF DEEP SOURCE THERMAL WATERS 50 104 Elena Aleksandrovna Kuz'mina, Yurij Nikolaevich Didenkov and Svetlana Vadimovna Veshcheva
GROUNDWATER THERMAL-EFFECTIVE INJECTION SYSTEMS IN SHALLOW 51 AQUIFERS 106 Stefano Lo Russo, Glenda Taddia and Abdin Elena Cerino
GROUNDWATER HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS: NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH 52 108 Stefano Lo Russo, Glenda Taddia and Vittorio Verda
SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER WITHDRAWALS IN THE GEOTHERMAL AREA OF 53 VITERBO (CENTRAL ITALY) 110 Francesca Lotti, Antonella Baiocchi, Giuseppe Pagano and Vincenzo Piscopo
HYDROGEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT “FERRARELLE” NATURAL MINERAL WATER SYSTEM (PIANA DI RIARDO-CASERTA): AN EXAMPLE OF 54 112 MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH Roberto Mazza, Andrea Pietrosante, Sara Taviani and Vittorio Paolucci
INFLUENCE OF WATER-ROCK INTERACTION AND OF UPRISING DEEP FLUIDS ON 55 THE ARSENIC CONTENT IN THE GROUNDWATER OF VITERBO AREA 114 Maurizio Mazzuoli, Giovanna Armiento, Cinzia Crovato, Elisa Nardi and Marco Proposito
UPWELLING TIME OF THERMAL WATERS INFERRED USING RADIONUCLIDES: THE 56 CASE STUDY OF THE EUGANEAN GEOTHERMAL FIELD (VENETO - NE ITALY) 116 Marco Pola, Adriano Mayer, Paolo Fabbri, Leonardo Piccinini and Dario Zampieri
STUDY ON THEHYDROTHERMALSUIO-CASTELFORTE BASIN (LATINA, ITALY) 57 Michele Saroli, Anna Casale, Michele Lancia, Gaspare Giovinco, Matteo Albano, Marco 118 Dell’Isola and Marco Petitta
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SESSION 4 Climate change and groundwater sustainability 121
SOME CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT CLIMATIC CHANGE, HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE AND 58 WATER RESOURCES 122 Walter Dragoni
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THE EFFECTS OF AN INFILTRATION BASIN ON GROUNDWATER: QUANTITATIVE 59 ASPECTS (RIVER ARNO - LONATE POZZOLO - VA) 124 Federico Bacci, Marco Masetti and Stefania Stevenazzi
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH ON HYDROGEOLOGY OF CARBONATE AQUIFERS OF CENTRAL APENNINES FOR EVALUATING OF THE INFLUENCE OF METEORIC 60 126 RECHARGE Francesca Banzato and Marco Petitta
THE SID&GRID MODELING ENVIRONMENT FOR SIMULATING GROUNDWATER FLOW: CASE STUDIES Iacopo Borsi, Rudy Rossetto, Claudio Schifani, Alessandro Agnelli, Elena Baldini, Claudio 61 128 Benucci, Nicola Cempini, Francesco Consumi, Dario Del Seppia, Andrea Di Grazia, Fabrizio Franceschini, Giorgio Mazzanti, Stefano Menichetti, Valentina Mennonna, Antonio Muti, Marco Sauro Nannucci, Calogero Ravenna and Michela Sodini
CHARACTERIZATION OF SUBSURFACE THROUGH JOINT HYDROGEOLOGICAL 62 AND HYDROGEOPHYSICAL MODELS 130 Laura Cattaneo, Mauro Giudici, Roberto De Franco, Mauro Mele and Chiara Vassena
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL, RIVER HEAD AND PIEZOMETRIC LEVEL 63 DATA OF CENTRAL-ADRIATIC ALLUVIAL AQUIFERS 132 Alessandro Chiaudani, Maurizio Polemio, William Palmucci and Sergio Rusi
THE WBT METHOD: WATER BALANCE APPROACH TO ESTIMATE LONG-TERM 64 WATER INFLOW INTO TUNNELS 134 Antonio Dematteis, Andrea Uttini and Giovanni Ricci
DETAILED GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION TO DEFINE GROUDWATER FLOW IN 65 GOLE DI POPOLI (CENTRAL EASTERN APENNINE) 136 Diego Di Curzio, William Palmucci and Sergio Rusi
WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN RIVER HEADWATERS: THE 66 CASE OF THE SOURCE AREA OF THE TIBER RIVER (CENTRAL ITALY) 138 Lucio Di Matteo, Walter Dragoni and Davide Maccari
STEP DRAWDOWN TESTS AND SLUG TESTS: PERMEABILITY DISTRIBUTION IN AN 67 AREA OF THE MIDDLE VENETIAN PLAIN (VENETO REGION, NORTHEAST ITALY) 140 Paolo Fabbri, Alessia Rosignoli, Enrico Marcolongo, Leonardo Piccinini and Pietro Zangheri
RUNOFF VARIATION AS A CONSEQUENCE OF CLIMATE AND LAND-USE CHANGE IN THE PROVINCE OF PESARO-URBINO (MARCHE REGION, ITALY): IMPLICATIONS IN 68 142 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND RIVERS’ ECOSYSTEM PROTECTION Daniele Farina, Paolo Cavitolo and Francesco Veneri
DESIGN OF ARTIFICIAL AQUIFER RECHARGE SYSTEMS IN DRY REGIONS OF MAGHREB (NORTH AFRICA) Giorgio Ghiglieri, Mohamedou Oulb Baba Sy, Houcine Yahyaou, Mohamed Ouessar, Arezki Ouldamara, Albert Soler i Gil, Claudio Arras, Manuela Barbieri, Oumelkheir Belkheiri, Mongi 69 144 Ben Zaied, Cristina Buttau, Alberto Carletti, Stefania Da Pelo, Abdelkader Dodo, Antonio Funedda, Ileana Iocola, Elhadj Meftah, Fathia Mokh, Kamel Nagaz, Maria Teresa Melis, Daniele Pittalis, Mouski Said, Mongi Sghaier, Clara Torrentó, Salvatore Virdis, Abderezak Zahrouna and Giuseppe Enne
DETERMINING A SITE-SPECIFIC SUSTAINABLE YIELD THROUGH NUMERICAL 70 SIMULATIONS 146 Francesca Lotti, Antonella Baiocchi, Umberto Tavilli and Fabio Romani
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HYDROSCRUTURAL REGIONAL SETTING OF THE DOLOMITIC GROUP “PALE DI SAN 71 MARTINO” 148 Giorgia Lucianetti, Roberto Mazza and Lucia Mastrorillo
HYDROLOGIC RESPONSES TO SEISMIC EVENTS: TWO CASE STUDIES IN ITALY 72 150 Isadora Mariani, Francesco La Vigna, Massimo Mattei and Marco Tallini
VULNERABILITY OF GROUNDWATER IN FRACTURED AQUIFERS, UNDER CLIMATE AND LAND USE CHANGE IN NORTHERN APENNINES 73 152 Mircea-Mărgărit Nistor, Francesco Ronchetti, Alessandro Corsini, Federico Cervi, Lisa Borgatti, Demetrio Errigo and Marco Marcaccio
ESTIMATION OF GROUNDWATER VOLUMES IN THE ADDA-OGLIO AREA (NORTHERN ITALY) BY 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF HYDROGEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES 74 154 Rodolfo Perego, Tullia Bonomi, Letizia Fumagalli, Valeria Benastini, Fulvia Aghib, Marco Rotiroti and Angelo Cavallin
PUMPING AT CONSTANT HEAD, WHAT WE CAN INFER ABOUT THE SUSTAINABLE 75 YIELD OF A WELL 156 Simone M. Piacentini, Antonella Baiocchi, Francesca Lotti, Vincenzo Piscopo
CLIMATE CHANGE AND MEDITERRANEAN COASTAL KARST AQUIFERS: THE CASE 76 OF SALENTO (SOUTHERN ITALY) 158 Maurizio Polemio and Andrea Romanazzi
BOTTOM-UP INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER 77 MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS 160 Viviana Re
THE MULINO DELLE VENE SPRING SYSTEM: HYDROGEOLOGICAL FEATURES AND 78 GROUNWATER BALANCE 162 Francesco Ronchetti, Giulio Panini, Alberto Tazioli, Leonardo Vizzi and Federico Cervi
THE SERCHIO RIVER WELL FIELD TEST SITE (LUCCA, ITALY) WITHIN THE MARSOL FPVII PROJECT: MANAGEMENT OF INDUCED RIVERBANK FILTRATION (IRBF) 79 Rudy Rossetto, Alberto Ansiati, Alessio Barbagli, Iacopo Borsi, Andrea De Guttry, Peter 164 Dietrich, Marco Frey, Giorgio Mazzanti, Daniele Picciaia, Francesco Rizzi, Christoph Schueth, Thomas Vienken and Enrico Bonari
APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL MODELING FOR GROUNDWATER-LAKE INTERACTION 80 ANALYSIS, BRACCIANO LAKE (CENTRAL ITALY) 166 Sara Taviani, Daniel Feinstein and Roberto Mazza
RELATIONS BETWEEN SNOWFALLS AND FLOODS OF SOME SPRINGS FED BY 81 AQUIFER HOSTED IN CARBONATE ROCKS (SOUTHERN PIEDMONT - ITALY) 168 Bartolomeo Vigna, Stefania Menegatti, Fabrizio Bianco and Cinzia Banzato
Index of Authors 171
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[69] DESIGN OF ARTIFICIAL AQUIFER RECHARGE SYSTEMS IN DRY REGIONS OF MAGHREB (NORTH AFRICA)
Giorgio Ghiglieri1,2, Mohamedou Oulb Baba Sy3, Houcine Yahyaou4, Mohamed Ouessar4, Arezki Ouldamara5, Albert Soler i Gil6, Claudio Arras1,2, Manuela Barbieri6, Oumelkheir Belkheiri2, Mongi Ben Zaied4, Cristina Buttau1, Alberto Carletti2, Stefania Da Pelo1, Abdelkader Dodo3, Antonio Funedda1, Ileana Iocola2, Elhadj Meftah5, Fathia Mokh4, Kamel Nagaz4, Maria Teresa Melis1, Daniele Pittalis2, Mouski Said5, Mongi Sghaier4, Clara Torrentó6, Salvatore Virdis2, Abderezak Zahrouna5 and Giuseppe Enne2
1. Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Trentino 51 - 09127 Cagliari, Italy ([email protected]) 2. Desertification Research Center – NRD, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39 - 07100 Sassari, Italy ([email protected]) 3. Observatoire du Sahara et du Sahel – OSS, Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat BP 31 Tunis Carthage 1080 Tunisie 4. Institutes des Région Arides - IRA , Route du Djorf km 22.5 Médenine, Tunisie ([email protected]) ([email protected]) 4. 5 Agence Nationale des Ressources Hydrauliques–ANRH,40 Avenue Mohammedi, Rais – Alger , Algeria ([email protected] ) 5. 6 Departament de Cristallografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals Facultat de Geologia, c/ Martí i Franquès s/n - 08028 Barcelona, Spain ([email protected])
Keywords: Artificial aquifer recharge, Water and related resources in order to maximize Harvesting, Desertification, Maghreb Regions economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability Introduction of the environment. IWRM strategies are based North Africa arid land of Maghreb suffers scarce on the four Dublin Principles presented at the water conditions. Erratic behaviour of rainfall World Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. In arid events over brief intervals often produce short and semi-arid areas, the optimum course of and intense floods events which converge into action for sustainable water resources ephemeral wadi beds. Since often this management is, in most case, a combination of intermittent surface water is not optimally surface and groundwater use, with a range of managed, most part of it is lost, providing scarce storage options. Water harvesting techniques benefits for households living in villages of such might catch water during rainfall events in order semi-desert areas. to recharge an aquifer, thus impeding the quick The present research is developed in the frame runoff out of a catchment area. An alternative or of WADIS-MAR (www.wadismar.eu). This is one supplementary activity to it is the artificial aquifer of the five Demonstration Projects implemented recharge, consisting in a process of induced within the Regional Programme “Sustainable groundwater replenishment (Murray and Harris Water Integrated Management (SWIM)” 2010; De Vries and Simmers 2002). The (www.swim-sm.eu), funded by the European successful operation of an artificial recharge Commission and which aims to contribute to the (AR) facility depends largely on an effective effective implementation and extensive management. Among several technical aspects, dissemination of sustainable water management before developing an AR facility, the viability and policies and practices in the Southern feasibility of the project should be assessed to Mediterranean Region. WADIS-MAR Project verify that: (i) artificially recharged water does concerns the realization of an integrated water not cause geochemical reactions to occur in the harvesting and artificial aquifer recharge subsurface that adversely impact aquifer water techniques in two watersheds in Maghreb quality; (ii) water quality analyses of the possible Region: Oued Biskra in Algeria and wadi Oum sources of water for AR and water currently Zessar in Tunisia. These areas are present in the aquifer to be recharged must be characterized by water scarcity, increasing water obtained; (iii) adequate permeability, thickness, demand, overexploitation of groundwater and lateral extent occur to achieve the desired resources, and are highly exposed to climate performance standards for the AR facility. change risk and desertification processes. The situation is quite critical since groundwater Main results and discussion withdrawal is bigger than the rate of recharge, A multidisciplinary research effort, including with consequent groundwater deterioration geological, hydrogeological, hydro-chemical, and/or an imbalance in the groundwater budget. multi-isotopical, geophysical and hydrological Integrated (Sustainable) Water Resources investigations, was aimed at selecting suitable Management (IWRM) promotes a coordinated zones for the artificial aquifer recharge in both development and management of water, land target areas. For each study area, a schematic
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3D hydrogeological model was built based on aquifer made essentially of Senonian limestone previous maps (both geological and and Mio-Pliocene sand; b) the southern Jeffarah hydrogeological), subsurface data (well-logs), with the occurrence of Triassic sandstone photo-interpretation and remote sensing. upstream of the Medenine fault, and with Lower Algeria: the study area is located in a flat region Miocene sand downstream of the fault (Yahyaoui between the chains Saharan Atlas mountains 2007). Increasing values of 15N and 18O from and the Aures hills, it is crossed by the Oued nitrate in some wells in the sourthern Jeffara, Biskra according to a NS direction. The area is indicates that denitrification processes are characterized by the superposition of several occurring pointing out that natural attenuation folding events occurred from Middle Eocene to decreases the nitrate pollution. We decided to Pleistocene that strongly influence the geometry concentrate our effort on the aquifer of the of the main aquifers (Buttau et al. 2013; MdH Triassic sandstone. The renewable resources 1980). The main hydrogeological complex are: are estimated to 150 L/s and the salinity varies 34 "Nappe des sables" (deposits of Miocene and between 1 g/L and 3 g/L. The analysis of δ SSO4 18 Quaternary); "Nappe de Tolga" (limestone, and δ OSO4 indicates that the origin of this lower-middle Eocene); "Nappe du Maestrictien et salinity is natural, mainly related to the water- du Campanien" (limestones); "Nappe du rock interaction with the triassic evaporites. The Turonien" (limestones); "Nappe du Continental water from this aquifer is used mainly for Intercalaire" (sandstones and limestones, Albian- drinking water and irrigation. In 2010, the rate of Barremian). The mean annual rainfall of the area overuse reached 160%, which resulted in some as a whole is about 200 mm. tendency of piezometric level decline (Yahyaoui We decide to recharge the infero-flux aquifer 2007). Based on the collected data and the hosted in the alluvial deposits of the Oued hydogeological feasibility, dry wells with a Biskra. The depth to the water table ranges from recharge chambers are designed to catch and 20 to 30 m and the thickness of the saturated infiltrate flash flood waters from the ephemeral zone from 40 to over 75 m. Extraction for streams in 4 intervention sites. We estimate drinking and agriculture occurs at 15 boreholes, overall an average of 2.0 M m3/year. Artificial whose depths range from 35 to over 50 m. Total aquifer recharge is a long-term phenomenon; well yields average is 4.5 M m3/year. indeed, its effects in term of efficiency, have to Groundwater flow originates dominantly from the be examined on a large time and spatial scale. NE and moves toward south. The average This issue will be the topic for the continuation of trasmissivity of this aquifer is 10-2 m2/s. the research. Preliminary results from NO3 and SO4 isotopes coupled to chemical data evidenced the Acknowledgements existence of a source of contamination near the The authors would like to thank all the WadisMar town of Biskra, probably related with wastewater Team and the EU thought the SWIM Program for or fertilizers, which needs to be better financial support to conduct this study. characterized previous to the definitive design of the recharge system. Based on the collected References data, three types of AR methods i.e. recharge Buttau C, Funedda A, Carletti A,Virdis S, basins, vadose-zone wells, also called dry wells, Ghiglieri G (2013), Studio geologico strutturale and recharge tranches, are suggested to catch per indagini idrogeologiche dell'area compresa and infiltrate flash flood waters from the tra le regioni di Batna e Biskra (NE Algeria). ephemeral streams. We estimate an average of Rend Online Soc Geol It, 29: 13-16. 1.5 M m3/year. De Vries, JJ, Simmers I, (2002), Tunisia. The study site Oum Zessar belongs to Groundwater recharge: an overview of the region of SE Tunisia (province of Médenine). processes and challenges. Hydrogeol J, 10 (1): It stretches from the mountains of Matmata (Béni 5-17. Khédache) in the SW, crosses the Jeffara plain MdH - Ministere de l'Hydraulique Algerienne (via Koutine) and the saline depression (Sebkha) (1980), Notice explicative de la Carte of Oum Zessar before ending in the Hydrogeologique de Biskra au 1/200.000, 49 pp. Mediterranean (Gulf of Gabès). The study Murray R, Harris J (2010), Water banking: a watershed receives between 150 and 240 mm of practical guide to using artificial groundwater annual rainfall. The groundwater system of the recharge. Department of Water Affairs, Pretoria, region can be subdivided into shallow and deep South Africa, 24 pp. aquifers, and two hydro-litho-stratigraphic Yahyaoui H (2007), Nappes des Grés du provinces may be differentiated: a) the northern Trias Sahel el Ababsa de Médenine, aspects Jeffarah, limited to the south by the monoclinal hydrogéologiques et gestion rationnelle des of Djebel Tebaga de Medenine of Permian age. ressources. Internal Report, CRDA Medenine, That province is characterized by a large coastal 27 pp.
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Viterbo, Italy – June 18 – 20, 2014