The NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

APRIL, 1936 The American Horticultural Society

PRESENT ROLL OF OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS April 16, 1936

OFFICERS President, First Vice-President, Mr. B. Y. Morrison, Washington, D. C. Second Vice-President, Mrs. Fairfax Harrison, Belvoir, Fauquier Co., Va. Secretary, Mrs. Eugene Ferry Smith, Bethesda, Maryland Treasurer, F. J. Hopkins, Takoma Park, Md. DIRECTORS Terms Expiring in 1937 Terms Expiring in 1938 Mrs. Mortimer Fox, Peekskill, N. Y. Mr. F. Lamott Belin, Washington, Mr. F. J. Hopkins, Washington, D. C. D. C. Mr. Armistead Peter IV, Washington, Mrs. Floyd Harris, Aldie, Va. D.C. Mrs. J. Norman Henry, Gladwyne, Pa. Mrs. Charles Walcott, Washington, Mrs. Clement S. Houghton, Chestnut D.C. Hill, Mass. Mrs. Silas B. Waters, Cincinnati, O. Mrs. Arthur Hoyt Scott, Media, Pa. THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Published by and for the Society B. Y. MORRISON, Editor

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Mr. Alfred Bates Mr. Sherman R. Duffy Mr. Carl Purdy Dr. Clement G. Bowers Mrs. Mortimer J. Fox Mr. C. A. Reed Mrs. C. 1. DeBevoise Mrs. J. Norman Henry Mr. J. Marion Shull Dr. W. C. Deming Mrs. Francis King Mr. Arthur D. Slavin Miss Frances Edge McIlvaine

SOCIETIES AFFILIATED WITH THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 1933 Alexandria, Virginia, Garden Club, Blackstone Garden Oub, Mrs. Charles Holden Mrs. A. G. Ingham, Pres., Rosemont Wellsville, Virginia. Alexandria, Va. Burleith Garden Club, American Amaryllis Society, Mrs. Oara V. Mace, Pres., Wyndham Hayward, Secretary, 4617 Hunt Ave., Winter Park, Fla. Chevy Chase, Md.

American Fuchsia Society, California Garden Club Federation, Miss Alice Eastwood, Secretary, Miss E. Marlow, Lib., California Academy of Sciences, 992 S. Oakland, Golden Gate Park Pasadena, Calif. San Francisco, Calif. Bethesda Community Garden Club, Chestnut Hill Garden Club, Mrs. W m. Lee, Mrs. John H. Harwood, Pres., 5622 Moorland Lane, 64 Dudley St., Bethesda, Md. Brookline, Mass.

Publication Office, 1918 Harford Avenue, Baltimore, Md. Entered as second· class matter January '0, 1932, at the Post Office at Baltimore, Md., under the Act of August 24. 1912. Chevy Chase (D. C.) Garden Club. Northern N ut Growers Association, Mrs. vVm. Myers, Pres., Dr. G. A. Zimmerman, President, 3754 McKinley St., 32 S. 13th St., Washington, D. C. Harrisburg, Pa. Chevy Chase (Md.) Garden Club. Ohio Association of Garden Clubs. Mrs. Richard F. J ackson, Pres .. Mrs. Sil as B. Waters, 3 Oxford St., 2005 Edgecliff Point, Chevy Chase, Md. Cincinnati, Ohio. Cleveland Garden Center, Plainfield Garden Club, East Boulevard at Euclid Ave .. Mrs. F rederic W. Goddard, Pres .. Cleveland, Ohio. 205 E. 9th St. , Dayton Garden Club, Plainfield, N. J . Garden Center, % Dayton Art Institute, Rock Garden Societv of Ohio, Dayton, Ohio. Mrs. Frank Ga~ry, 5800 Wyatt Ave., Detroit Garden Center, Kennedy Heights, Detroit Institute of Art, Ci ncinnati , Ohio. 5200 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, Mich. Takoma Horticultural Club, Takoma Park, D. C. Fauquier and Loudoun Garden Club. Mrs. J ohn T. Cochran, The Columbus Garden Center, The Plains, Va. 480 E. Broad St., Ga rden Center, Col um bus, Ohio. Grover Cleveland Park, The Federated Garden Club of Ci nci lln

Vol. 15 Copyright, 193 6, by THE A'1ERICAN HORTICUL~'URAL SOCIETY No.2

APRIL, 1936

CONTENTS

Plant Hunting in Old Mexico. Part II. ERIC WALTHER ...__ . _____ 87 The Campanulas of North America. ROBERT M. SENIOR ______.. ___ . 97

The Propagation of Some Deciduous Trees from Soft Wood Cut- tings. C. C. THOMAS ______. ______. ______... _____ . __ .. _____ . ______.______103

A Standardized Metal Marcot Box for Plant Propagation. G. W EIDMA N GROFF ______.. ____ ._. ____ . ___ . ______. ______. ____ .. __ . 108

Bomarea, A Genus of Showy Andean P lants. E. P. KILLIP ______11 5 A Book or Two ______.. __ :______129

The Gardener 's Pocketbook: Rhododend1'on yedoense var. poul?lwnense ______137 Hedera nepale',u·is. ALFRED BATES ______137

P1"L11q~£S se1Tu.lata, O jochin. PAUL Rl'SSELL ______138 Coreopsis mw'iC'/Jdata. 1. N. ANDERSON ______140 Rhododendron X Conewago. JOSEPH B. GABLL ______140 V eronica 1' epe'l1s _ ___ . ___ .. ______.. ______144 C lethm alnifolia______.. ______.. ______.. 144 Sitene pennsylvanica ______.. ______.. ______144 Salvia /wat I: 17s/;S______.. ______.. ______.. ______.... ______.. ______... ______148 P entstemon hi?' sutus ______.. ______148 S pa'i'axis tricolo1' ______.. _.. ______150 Two N ative Spiderworts ______.. ______150 Two Lilac Speci es ______.... ___ . ______.. ______.. ______.. ______.. 156

Publish ed quarterly by The America n Horticultural Society. Publication offi ce, 1918 H aTford Ave., BaltlIl:ore,1 Md . Editorial offi ce, Room 821 , "\VashingtoJ) Loan and T ru st Building. W ashingtoJ,l, D . C. CO!'tnbutlOns frum all members a' e cordially invi ted and should be sent to the Editorial offi ce. Ad,·er· tIslng Manager, Mr. J. S. Elms, Kensington, Md. A subscription to the magazin e is in clud ed in the an Du al dues to all members; to non-membel's th e p riCE? is seventY-Rye cents the copy, three dollars a year [iiJ Plant.Hunting in Old Mexico

ERI C W ALTHER

P A RT II linus Sesse and EpicG1·npes macroura O ne of the most striking features (HBK.) Benth., cover the levels at of Mexican plant life, unescapable from the root of the higher peaks; and the even the least observant, is the great spot looks most unpromi sing to the variation, in fo rms and species, plant­ eye of the Echeveria-coll ector. H ow­ associati ons and life zones, encoun­ ever, the monotony of the grass-plain tered in often very short distances. is reli eved by ridges and hummocks The underlying cause is readily under­ of surface-lava covered with an open stoo d when one considers the rugged stand of pine Pinus ha?,twegii. U nder topography, with its abrupt changes these pines we find such interesting in altitude leading to equally sudden plants as R ibes 11'Lic1'ophyllus H GW .. and startling differences in tempera­ the onl y true gooseberry of Mexico, ture, rainfall, exposure and soil. The here iIi its type-locali ty ; R ubq,ts glau­ story of a two-day trip to the South­ cns Benth.; an unidentified Fuchsia in west of Mexico City well serves to fruit ; Ge'l'Itiana spathacea; two tall illustrate the great fl oral diversity re­ species of Eryngi~t1n; Pedicularis 111ex­ vealed within a single two-hour auto­ icana Zucc.; a lupine; Alta111;iranoa ride. 1ncxicana; and also the obj ect of our Over a well-aligned, asphalted high­ search, an Echeve·ria, presumably E. way we gradually ascend, traversi ng 1nu.cronata) but differing sufficiently to the so-called "Pedregal" or "Stony make us hope fo r a new species. O ur place," a fairly recent lava fl ow extend­ host for this day, Sr. Christi an H al­ i ng fr ~:ml the "Serreni a de A j usco" to­ binger, found the first plants of the wards the old lake bed on which Mex­ echeveria in questi on, peculiar in hav­ ico City is built. Just before reach­ ing fl eshy roots as tuberous as those ing the summit one enjoys a magnifi­ of any dahlia. cent view of the Valley of Mexico, From here the road drops down dominated by the two famous snow steeply towards Cuernavaca, in a few capped volcanic peaks, Popocatepetl miles descending over 3,000 feet, tak­ and Ixtaccihuatl. H ere our r oad fo l­ ing us from the Humid T ransition to lows the old route to Acapulco, trav­ the Upper Tropical zone. \ l\T ishing to ersed over 100 years ago by von Hum­ see more of the country than is pos­ boldt in the opposite directi on. H e sible from a speeding "Cal11i on," we stopped for the night at a place called asked to be let off outside the town, " La Guardia" ; and here we too halted, but the obdurate driver chose hi s own at probably the identical location, even place to stop. dropping us in a most if the straw-covered shacks housing unpromising ditch. B ut observe the the military guard were scarcely the workings of a beni gn fate. Right same. T he pass is up in the clouds, across from where we stood, on the and a chill wind blows off the fl anks steep bank forming one side of the of Ajusco, causing us to envy the sol­ road-cut. grew the very echeveri a we dier on guard hi s all-enveloping serape. were hunting. Here represente d by T all tussock-grasses. B romus pe11du.- numerous fl owering plants. many seed- [ 87] 88 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936

Mm1gos 2n the famous Borda gm-dens at Cuen1avaca Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 89

Upper, Grassland Hear Cim,a, with Pi11~£S H artwegii Lowe'r, Nloss-coveTed 1'ocll in woods nea'r Santa M a1'ia, with Epidendru,1% Li.111?ea'l/oU1/'l., Peperol'l'l,ia Nlex£ae alld Echeveria ca1Jl,panulata 90 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936

Cactus count?'y near T ehuacan, with NI y?,tillocactus, Pachycere'b6S, 0 pun.tia, Yucca, etc. lings, etc., only one solitary further vor to the scenery. In Cuernavaca, specimen of Echeve1'ia cl'e'l7ulata Rose at the excellent Hotel Maric, it was was fo un d during nearly a whole day's our privilege to become acquainted subsequent search. with Sr. Eric Oestlund, now retired, Well known to American tourists, but engaged in an intensive study of as the home of Ambassador Morrow, Mexican Ouhidacaae. Under his guid­ favorite residence of Cortez, Cuerna­ ance we saw something of the country, vaca en joys one of the finest climates exploring the numerous deep barran­ known, experiencing no frost, as is cas peculiar to the region, found the testified to by the vegetation, both cul­ first wi ld plants seen of C e?'et6S dU.1%O?'­ tivated and wild. The former includes t·ie1"i, Scheidw.; our first wi ld Zinnia, mangos, bananas, ri ce, S pondias lutea, a fine, tall Salvia, presumably S . mu­ etc. Coffee has run wi ld, avocadoes ralis Fernald; etc. are plentiful, their foliage covered with Early next day visited the woods innumerable galls of an insect appar­ near Santa Maria, consisting of a en tly as yet unknown in Califor11la curious mixture of the tropical and orchards. Of wild plants one notices temperate zones. \iVith oaks and mad­ climbing aroids, tropical ferns, epi­ rones occur epiphytic orchids and phytic orchids and bromeliads, a wild Peperomia's,' and even the Echeve-ria palm (Sabal sp.) various acanthads, species found here, presumably E. ca1n­ Ficus sp., St1:g111,aphyllu111 sp., etc.; all pa11ulata Kunze, frequently was seen lending a quite exotically tropical fla- growing as an epiphyte on moss-cov- Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL :MAGAZINE 91

Looking down o?,w tra'il through the cliffs at Tepoxtlan 92 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936 ered tree-trunks. T he afternoon found erin fiower nor in seed; a dwarf La- us ascending the sheer cliffs of Tepox­ 11'bourouxia, a showy genus unfortu­ tlan, famous collecting grounds of Dr. nately impossible to cultivate fo r rea­ Rose, C. G. Pringle, etc. The village sons sirnilar to those applying to the of that name, reached over a road related genus Pedicula1'-is; Begon·ia scarcely deserving the name, still re­ gmcihs; a Dahlia; and of trees, Cleth- tains its ancient Aztec pavements, 1'a 111,e,"Cicana and C 011w,rostaphJilis pol-i­ characterized by level stretches alter­ folia. Of possible garden-value we natin.g with sloping ramps, never de­ must also mention Eupato1'iu1'n a1'eo­ signed for wheeled vehicles. The steep la1'e var. leiocGlrpu11L with long, grace­ trail 18ads up the gorge here pictured, ful 8-foot fo liage-sprays bearing in the the effort of our climb being relieved upper axils clusters of pure white, in­ by discovery of many interesting and tensely fragrant flowers scenting the n0vel plants. At the foot of the cliffs whole neighborhood. Returning we Taxod-ium mUC1'o'natum grows truly passed the ruined church of San Ju an­ wild, next to a cool spring of sweet ico Tlacotenco, its walls, arches and water; other plants worth mentioning even spire bearing numerous plants, were C est1'ul1'L parq'bti£ ( ?), Lobelia la,"C­ mostly in full flower, of what may be -iflora, Fuchsia a1'bo'rescens, and on the typical Echeveria g-ibbiflo1'a. Two sheer cliffs many perching Bromel1:ads, plants of this we bought for all of 8 an Agave of the Section Littaea in cents American, from a tipsy char­ fl ower, etc. These cliffs are the only coal-burner fu ll of political wisdom, or recorded locality for the interesting the opposite. monotype C,'emno phila (Sedum) mt­ Of course not every excursion was tans Rose, but none were seen, not equally successful. F rom our study surprising in view of their inaccessibil­ of herbarium-records we felt that a ity. On our arrival at the summit no most fruitful spot to visit should be time was left to search fo r Echever'l:a the "Hacienda San Diego de Los jimb1"I:ata C. H. Thomps., also known Alamos" near P uebla, where less than only from this one location, but the 20 years ago Brother Arsene had tale of our return on another occasion collected all of 5 Echeveria species. may well fo llow here. From the rail­ Aside from a charming chapel little road station at El Parque a trail leads was left of its former glories but towards Santo Domingo, and passes tumbled-down walls. The uncontrolled near some sti ll higher cliffs dipping woodcutting of charcoal-burners sup­ their feet into woods of oak, madrones, plying the nearby market of Puebla etc. Here we found numerous plants had left only dead stumps to testify of the species sought, growing in a to the formerly wooded ndture of the dense cushi on of moss cloaki ng the region; and not a single Echevena did shadiest, moistest places. In its com­ we find. Numerous goats continue pany grew also Sed~tm longipes Rose, the denudation, and recently started its brownish blossoms and greatly en­ erosion is rapidly turning the Hacienda larged nectar-scales certainly justifying into a desert. However, most of the the question-mark placed after its O'en- . b plants sought were found later, largely enc name in the "North American on what was the most productive trip F lora." Other interesting inhabitants undertaken, the one from Tehuacan ~o of this sanae moss-cushion were Pin­ Esperanza. gtticula cauda,ta, most regrettably neith- T ehuacan lies at the edge of the Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 93

Ep'iphytic association oj the o'rchid, HCI!rtweg-ia P~Wp 'Ltrea with Echeve1'ia mtda, je?'Jl.s, mosses and lichens 94 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936

The peal? of 01'izaba, with the extinct lower cone and edge of lava flow nea1' Esperanza hot and dry region stretching to Oaxa­ America, exceedecl in elevation only ca, where the giant cacti are at home. by Mt. McKinley in Alaska. Our While waiting for our Indian guide second halt yields us Echeveria 11Odu ­ Manuel, perforce we killed time, find­ losa and the third E. 11'U.da both occur­ ing some of the Echeverias looked for ring with S e d'lI1 I'" stahli-i. The latter in the Public Square, but not wild. inhabits a higher, moister region, with Other plants of interest seen were a its vegetation strongly reminiscent of pink form of S phaeralcea umbellata, California, witness such items as ] ul1.. i ­ and of course the striking columnar perus, Baccha1"l:s, Q,/;tercus, etc. At Pach'),ce1'eu,s ch.1'YS01'IILaU'LLs and 1'n(];rgi­ times the species even occurs as an natus, native in the immediate environ­ epiphyte, one interesting colony found ments of the town, as are also F 0'/;1- growing on an oak containing E. nuda, quieria formosa, a tall arborescentY'/;tc­ an orchid (H a1'twegia purpurea) ca, H echt1:a sp. , a terrestrial B-romel'iad Polypodiu1n la1~ceolatu11'L , as well as a with viciously spiny-margined foliage, moss and a lichen. Nearing E speran­ various spiny L eguminosae, including za some very dry limestone ridges M-i1%OS ea biuncifera, etc. yield E. hete1'osepala, here growing Finally getting started early next with C eanoth'/;Ls greggi, C erecocarpus morning, our road leads northeast, fothe1'gilloides, Sophora conzatti, etc. and soon we espy the Peak of Ori­ Esperanza proper is a division-point zaba, its foot our destination. This is on the Vera Cruz-Mexico City line the second-highest mountain in North and the end of its electrified portion Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MA GAZINE 95

Our guide Ma11,u el with Echev e1'iantbro11'ba1r g·ina.ta, Rose 96 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936

that ascends the steep scarp at the described only quite recently by Dr. foot of Orizaba. After a belated W erdermann, but without any defi nite lunch we continued towards the base locality. From the known predilection of the mountain with our retinue, of echeveria to hybridize in gardens, now grown to imposing proportions one might expect to fine! some natural and consisting of the chauffeur and hybrids under the circumstances, but his assistant, the latter doubling as wherever we found two different assistant-photographer, our Indian species in nature, they always fl owered gui de Manuel, a volunteer local guide at distinct seasons. and a local interpreter. The latter had By now both time and funds were . gathered a fe w words of E ngli sh while beginni ng to run short, our very suc­ washing di shes at San Antoni o, and cessful day had left us with a burdf. l1 was di smissed when we found his of collections needing attention, and E nglish vocabulary even more limited so we reluctantly had to turn back than our own very small Spani sh one. without either ascending to the hi gher At a time beyond memory of the levels of the mountain or being able present generation the lesser volcanic to visit the most interesting tropical cone to the west of O rizaba proper, valley of O ri zaba and Cordova. T o (Citlaltepetl ) had subsided with a see Abelia flm'ib llll da in its native final eruption which had sent a lava­ haunts, to collect Echeveria subalpilla , fl ow towards E speranza, stopping in E. 11licrocal)lx and 1'osa we shall have a steep slope taller than many a house, to await another opportunity and fu­ strewn with a profusion of boulders. ture return. On the midnight trai n On these rocks were fo und two more we came back to fI'iexico City, and species of echeveria, E. n lbro11La1'gi­ the same week to our home. nata and E. akont'iop hylla, the last (To be continued) The Campanulas of North America

ROBERT M. SENIOR

The average gardener who raises leaf, height, size of bloom, or some Canterbury Bells in his border, or other trifling difference, immediately possibly Ca11I/,pan~~la garganica or por­ rushes into print with an announce­ tenschlagiana in his rock-garden, little ment of the discovery of a new species. realizes how widespread the genus The following plants may be classed Canpanula is throughout the north either as subspecies or varieties of temperate zon~. Altogether there C. 1'otu11difol-ia: are probably over 300 species, as well C. pet'iolata is found in Arizona as an endless number of varieties. New Mexico, Utah, and northward. Anyone starting to study these It has somewhat heart shaped basal plants in a scientific way, would at leaves on long particles, from which once be struck by the endless number characteristic it no doubt received !ts of synonyms for so many of the dif­ name. The flower is violet-blue, rath­ ferent species. Probably it is due to er large, with broadly ovate lobes. the size of the genus, as well as the Many people having C. rotundifolia confusion of nomenclature, that no in their garden, probably purchase one, up to the present time, has writ­ petiolata in the expectation of adding ten a complete monograph on these a new species to their collection. plants. Indeed, anyone attempting C. linifolia has been reported as the task, would probably have to spend growing in Oregon, the islands of several years of painstaking work. Behring Strait, and Greenland. It is The number of species found in also found over a wide area in Eu­ north America is much fewer than in rope, and in the catalogues of nursery­ Europe: in all, there are probably not men is frequently called C. can~ i ca. over 30 different kinds. I have at­ It is a perennial having the somewhat tempted, in the list described below, heart shaped basal leaves of 1'otundi­ to include every species. Incidentally folia, spreading or reflexed calyx lobes, I might mention that I do not include and one erect flower, occasionally 2-3, a certain number that are escapes from on the end of each stem. Europe, such as the "Creeping" or C. heterodoxa is found in British "European Bellflower," C. rapuncu­ Columbia, Alaska, and its islands. The loides, the "Nettle-leaved Bellflower," stem is decumbent at the base, then C. trachelium, the ((Cl~tst ered Bellflow­ curves gracefully upward, often to a er," C. glomerata, and the biennial height of 16 inches. The corolla is C. pat~~ la. about twice the length of the narrow The most ubiquitous species is no sepals, and is long bell-shaped, with doubt the harebell, "Blue-Bell of Scot­ broad ovate lobes. I might add that land," or as it is scientifically known, a plant described as C. rotundifolia C. 1'otundifolia. This plant is widely var. Alaskana seems to be but a syno­ distributed over the north-temperate nym for hete1'odox a. zone, and has endless varieties, which C. 1'otundifolia var. intercedens often mask under misleading names. found in Canada, Minnesota, Michi­ It seems as if anyone finding a slight gan, Indiana and probably neighboring variation in the harebell, possibly in States has the appearance of. a rather [97] 98 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936 tall, stiff rotul1difolia" with long, very The following plants are only found narrow stem leaves, nodding flowers east of the Rocky Mountains: and erect or spreading sepals. Val'. C. divaricata has a range from Vir­ arctica is a dwarf form , one too few­ ginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky, flowered, with thickish leaves. It has southward to Georgia and the Caro­ been found in India, Labrador, New­ linas. This is a perennial that grows foundland, the White Mountains, and, from one to three feet high. The I believe, in Alaska. Var. ol,)l11tL pica flowers are not large but the general is a very good horticultural form found appearance of the plant is light and in the northwestern part of our coun­ graceful. Here in southern Ohio I try, that has good sized violet colored have had no difficulty in raising it. flowers, with slightly recurved ovate C. fi ezuosa which grows in the Caro­ lobes. Many nurserymen now list this lina Mountains, and is sometimes listed plant. in the catalogues of nurserymen, is In Idaho there is a campanula called probably only a variety of divaricata. C. A1ac Do,ugalii, that has some of the C. am,erica11a is 'an annual or bien­ characteristics of rotwndifolia, but with nial that is found as far west as Kan­ its smaller corolla and long exserted sas and South Dakota, as far east as style, might possibly be classed as a New York, and as far south as Flor­ distinct species. ida. It varies in height from 2-6 feet, Before closing this account of the and is the tallest of all our American various forms of 1'otu11difolia, I should Campanulas. It has an erect stem, like to emphasize that there are nu­ along the upper portion of which are merous synonyms for the above men­ clustered innumerable bluish wheel­ tioned subspecies and varieties. Suffice shaped flowers, that form a dense to say that if the reader ever encoun­ spike. Although it is generally found ters in the catalogues of nurserymen in somewhat shaded situations, it can such names as C. dubia, Giesekiana, be grown in full sun. If naturalized or LangsdO?'jjial1a, he may be reason­ in woodland, it should require no fur­ ably certain they are all forms of the ther attention, since it sets numerous "harebell." seeds, which germinate readily. C. uniftoTa is a species that general­ There are three campanulas found ly has its habitat in proximity to snow east of the Rockies that grow in and ice. It ranges northward from swamps and marshy places, which the Rockies to Alaska, and is also re­ have no particular horticultural value. ported as growing in Labrador. It C. apa.1'inoides has small, open, white is a relatively low plant, seldom over or bluish-white flowers, small narrow 6 inches high, with thickish linear leaves, and thin weak stems, covered stem leaves, and one blue, narrow­ with rough tiny bristles. C. uliginosa, throated flower at the end of each often called the "Blue Marsh Bell­ stem. As it is an inhabitant of high flower," is somewhat similar to a,pari­ altitudes iR the Rockies, it proves to noides, but its branches are less be a difficult subject for the rock­ spreading. It too, has tiny bristles gardener east of the Mississippi. I along the flexuose stem, and a small have raised it several times from seed. blue corolla, with darker veins. C. fio- only t6-see it languish and die during 1"ida17.a, found only in Florida has low, our hot summers. Britton & Brown diffusely spreading stems and branches, in their "Flora of the U. S. and Ca­ axillary flowers, and sepals about as nada" have a picture of it. long as the corolla. Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 99

C. lasiocarpa C. ap(])rinoides C. divaricata C. Panyi 100 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936 There are two annual campanulas east of the Rocki es that have compara­ tively localized habitats. C. R ev er­ chani, found in central Texas, is a low, diffusely branching plant, with thin stems,- each branch bearing one erect terminal fl ower with rather nar­ row, deeply cut lobes. C. Robinsiae, growing in H ernando County, Flor­ ida, has many erect, slender, low branches, small axillary fl owers, and sepals less than one-half the length of the corolla. P ractically all other North Ameri­ can Campanulas are found in the Rocky Mountains and westward to the Pacific, in the Canadian north­ west, and Alaska. C. Parryi grows in Vvyoming, N ew Mexico, A rizona, and Colorado. In its native habitat it is generally found growing in grass, about 5-14 inches high. It is an attractive perennial, with thin creeping root stocks, nar­ rowly spade-shaped basal leaves, and one good sized violet-blue fl ower to a stem. I have grown it in my garden, but here in the Central States, it seems to lose its rather erect habit, and has a tendency to sprawl. It seems to do best on a rock wall with an east ern exposure. C. p1'enantho1'd es, fn~ qu e ntl y called the "California Harebell ," is a peren­ nial that grows in California, north­ ward to O regon and vVashington. It has a rather slender, erect stem, about one to two fee t high, often much branched, with fl owers mostly in clus­ ten; on short pedicels, and a style that considerab1y exceeds the length of the rather narrow, recurved corolla lobes. J epson, in his "Manual of The Flow­ ering P lants of Califo rnia" has a pic­ CamI£Pan~~la obliqua = Americana ture of it. N. J . Jac quin = P l a 'ntan~7n 1'ario1't(,1N, C. Sco2~ l e.,.i has slender stems, most­ H orte S choenbmlme1His, Vol. I If, ly simple, about 6-12 inches high. It Table 336 has a deeply cleft corolla, with re- Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 101

I

(

Cam ,panula S coule1'i From H erba1'itm., N. Y. Botanical Garden curved ovate-oblong lobes, and, like W ilkinsiana is a low annual, with a prenanthoides, has a style considerably single, medium-sized flower on the exceeding the length of the flower. It end of the stem. is found in California, thence north­ And now we come to three of the ward, as far as Alaska. most attractive campanulas in North There are four Campanulas indige­ America,-C. Piperi, C. lasiowrpa, nous to California that have no horti­ and C. pilosa var. dasyantha. cultural value: C. Pipe1'i is a charming low per­ C. exigua, a diffusely branched an­ ennial, found only in the northwestern nual, is about 2-6 inches high, with United States, in the Olympic Moun­ numerous small light blue flowers. C. tains. It is about 10 inches high, linnaeifoha is a perennial, varynig in with clusters of tiny, sharp-pointed, height from 4-12", with slender stems holly-like leaves, and attractive soft and pale blue solitary flowers: it is china-blue broadly bell-shaped flower.,. found in swampy places along the For the eastern rock-gardener this is coast. C. angustifiora is an annual, not an easy plant to grow. I have about 4-12" high, with sessile, ovate raised it in an alpine house for sev­ leaves, and small tubular, axillary eral years, but in all this time it has flowers, on rather stout peduncles. C. not yielded a single bloom. Moreover 102 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936 it doesn't s~em to bear up well under ing a fairly erect, graceful blue bell our hot, dry summers. It was only at the top. There is also a white with constant attention, last year, that variety. I was able to save a couple of plants. C. pilosa var. dasyantha, or as it is A picture of it can be found in Ga­ often called, just C. dasyantha, is a brielson's "\i\Testern American Al­ low plant with spoon-shaped basal pines." leaves narrowing into a petiole, and C. lasioca-rpa, which is found in the large deep blue, slightly nodding ter­ Canadian Rockies, and northward to minal flower on the end of each stem, Alaska, is certainly a gem, and, with -the margin of the corolla, as well me, is more amenable to cultivation as the calyx being somewhat soft­ than C. Pipe-ri. It forms tufts of hairy. It has been found on Una­ rather small, bright green, spoon­ laska Island, and the islands of Beh­ shaped leaves, and flower stems that ring Strait. rise about 5-6 inches, each stem bear- Cincinnati, Ohio. The Propagation of Some Deciduous Trees From Soft.. Wood Cuttings

c. C. THOMAS Horticulturist, Division of Plant Exploration and Int1'oduction, U.S .D .A.

The increasing interest in shade and their subsequent behavior on this own ornamental trees is giving rise, through roots. selection, to a large number of forms, The writer having a considerable the breeding and selection of vigorous, number of species and varieties of rapid-growing types of our timber maples available, attempted in the trees and the introduction of new spring of 1933 to propagate some of species from foreign countries. As a them by cuttings. Dormant hardwood result there is an increasing demand cuttings, 3 to 4 inches long, were for more information relative to the used in the first test, with the results vegetative propagation of a large num­ shown in Table 1. ber of deciduous trees. The benches in which the cuttings Budding and grafting are common­ were grown were covered with glass ly employed, but these methods are cases 24 inches high, one side of which often far from satisfactory fOf propa­ was made of glass doors the full gating selected types. Stocks may not height of the case. The benches were be available, or if available they may heated electrically by thermostatically not be compatible. Suckering of the controlled lead-covered cables. The stock is a serious difficulty, because thermostats were set at 72 ° F. and the of the danger of having the bud or sand temperature varied 2 or 3 de­ scion crowded out or lost. The small grees above and below this point. The size of the buds makes budding diffi­ overhead temperatures in the cases cult in som~ plants. were generally about 5 degrees less, If uniform plants that are true to although at times they reached that of type are to be propagated, the surest the sand. Forty cuttings were used in means is from cuttings. For many of each lot, and these were set to a depth our ornamental diciduous trees little of 1Yz to 2 inches in sharp washed information is available relative to sand which had a reaction of pH. 6.22. their propagation from cuttings and From the data in Table I it is evi-

TABLE I HARDWOOD CUTTINGS Cuttings N umber of days Percentage made required to root rooted Acer barbinerve ______3- 8-33 65 20 caudatum ukurunduense 2-27-33 28 80 cissifo1ium ______4- 4-33 36 20 rufi n erve ______4- 5-33 40 80 ru fi nerve ______4- 9-33 36 75 tschonoskii ______4- 5-33 36 80 [ 103] 104 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936

I . , / t, ,

Left, CO'l'11tIS jfo1'1:da . Two-leaf heeled cuttings showing 1'00 ti1'l g at the lower e/ld and O1'le i'nch above on the stem. Center, H ybrid chestnut. Roots CG1n e f1'01H the stem above th e large callus.

Right, Plants resulting f1'01111 softwood heeled CL£ ttillgS 1'00ted in the spring of 1933 and photogmphed Dece11~ b er 6, 1935. L eft to right, AceI' rubru1IL (1 and 2), Acer palm,atum (3), AceI' piCtU11'J. 11'/·0'11 0 (4) dent that hardwoo d cuttings of the represented, the percentage of rooting five species of maple used were rooted of soft-wood heeled cuttings vari ed in from 4 to 9 weeks, and that the from 35 % in AceI' n£br '~£1n to 100 70 percentage of rooting was from 2070 fo r 3 other species. The time required to 80% . for rooting varied from 18 days with W hen the young stems developing Acer negundo to 55 days with A. from the buds of these rooted cuttings argutu1'1l. Vv' ith small lots of 10 to were about one inch long and had 4 15 cuttings of each of A. Tb£jine1've, or 5 leaves, the oldest of which was A. cauda. t ~(,111. uh(,nmd~£ ense and A. not more than half developed, they negundo, the time has been ten days were pulled with a heel and inserted for rooting 50 to 9070. This quick in the sand bed under the same condi­ m otin g- is undoubtedly due to the con­ tions provided for the hardwood cut­ dition of the c uttin g .~, since they were tings. As the season advanced similar grown at the same time as others that young twigs were pulled from plants req uired 3 or 4 weeks to root, and growing out of doors. All of the under the same conditions. leaves were left on these cuttings and A fe w of these soft-wood heeled the lower portion of the petioles of cuttings from horticultural vari eti es of some of them were in the sand. The Japanese maples were tried with the leaves and stems continued to increase results shown in T able III. The in size, and a good percentage de­ potted plants from which these cut­ veloped roots as is shown in Table II. tings were taken were received from It is evident from T able II that J apanese and English nurserymen. for the seventeen species of maple The slow growth of such plants made Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE lOS

TABLE II SOFT-WOOD HEELED CUTTINGS Cuttings N o. days to Percentage made root rooting Acer bar binerve ______.______4-25-33 28 80 bar bin erve ______4-20-33 30 70 carpinifolium ______4-25-33 28 80 cissifolium ______4-25-33 21 85 gi nnala ______4-25-33 21 85 man ds h uri eu m ______4-25-33 28 75 mi ya bei ______. 5- 1-33 37 50 palma tum (stock plants) ___ _ 5-11-33 21 65 pietum mono ______4-25-33 28 90 pseudo-sieboldianum ______4-25-33 21 90 rufi nerve ______5-11-33 30 87 Yz ru fi n e r v e ______7- 3-33 24 67Yz tsehon oski i ______4-25-33 21 85 negundo ______2-25-33 18 100 ru b rum ______6- 1-33 35 35 argu tum ______5-14-34 55 50 caudatum ukurunduense ______4-26-34 30 100 mandshuricum ______4-26-34 28 80 micranthum. ______5-14-34 21 100 psuedo-sieboldianum ______4-26-34 30 85 pseudo-sieboldianum ______6- 1-34 35 80 triflorum ______4-26-34 28 75 it impossible to get more than a few reflected in the longer time required such cuttings from one plant so that to root the cuttings, the time varying the number used varied from one to from 35 to 140 days with all but one not more than five. rooting within two months. These results are given merely to show that the varieties of Ace?' pal111,a­ OTHER PLANTS tu,m can be rooted from such cuttings. The Chinese redbud, C ercis chinen­ The slow growth of such plants is sis has been rooted from soft-wood

TABLE III SOFT-WOOD HEELED CUTTINGS OF JAPANESE MAPLES Cuttings made No. days to root Acer palma tum decompositum ______6-19-33 35 sanguineum Chishio ___ _ 3-13-33 14~ si egeni i ______6-19-33 35 trifidum ______. 4-21-33 ~7 atropurpureum ______4-19-34 57 reticulatum ______4-30-34 59 sanguineum ______4-30-34 56 scolopendrifolium ______4-30-34 59 Shishigashira .______6- 3-35 64 106 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936

Acer cissifoliu111.. Heeled cuttings aftel' 5 weeks ~n the cutting bed. heel cuttings that were about 3 or 4 and July. These cuttings usually have inches long and a little older than two leaves, although some from the those used in Table II, usually having top branches have four, and occasion­ one leaf that was almost full grown ally six. In pulling these from the and the remainder in various stages branches on the tree, only a very down to ones that were one fourth slight heel or none is obtained, but to one-half inch across. In these cut­ they were placed in the cutting bed tings the growing tip was always pres­ just as they came from the tree. The ent and drooped somewhat the first ones taken in May about the time the few days they were in the cutting bed. trees were through flowering were This type of cutting taken in June and 1000/0 rooted in three weeks, while July from outside plants has rooted those taken in July were 52 0/0 rooted fron;l 79 0/~ to 90 0/0 in three to four in 5 weeks, and 80 0/0 in seven weeks. weeks. ' Four leaf cuttings rooted more quickly Cuttings . Qf this same kind taken and had more roots than two leaf from a bTa"tr 'locust tree growing out­ cuttings. Cuttings taken in July from side were 75 0/0 rooted in four weeks. large trees with large leaves rooted Both the typical C 01"/n6S flm'ida and 10 days sooner than those taken from the red form have been rooted from young trees, less than 4 feet high, heeled cuttings taken in May, June, with leaves that were approximately Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 107

1/ 3 smaller. As shown in the photo­ of them root at or near the callus, graph the roots develop not only at the but frequently roots are produced far­ lower end of the cutting but well up ther up the stem. As shown in the the stem. photograph, Ace?' cissifoliu111; developed After many trials with a great va­ an excellent root system in five weeks. riety of types of cuttings and attempts These cuttings were 85 per cent root­ at layering, one small lot of chestnut ing in 21 days. cuttings has been rooted. We believe The subsequent growth and devel­ this i~ _ tp € . first reported success with chestl,ut: :: Stem cuttings about four opment of such plants is important. inches long with the tip were used. The plants developing from these soft­ These cuttings were taken in July and wood heeled cuttings are growing at were from hybrid plants growing in least as rapidly as seedlings of the a greenhouse. Chestnut cuttings al­ same species. Annual increase in ways develop a large thick callus and height during 1934 and 35 for plants the roots in these cuttings came from rooted in 1933 has been from 6 or 8 the stem above the callus. (See photo­ inches in some of the varieties of graph page 104.) It is interesting to Ace1' palnwt ~ (,111/, to 12 or 18 inches in note that one lot of chestnut root A. ?'Ub1'U11'L, A. pict1,611'L 11I/,0no and cuttings left in the cutting bed for one others. year did not produce any top growth, The later development of the root but several of them were alive and system as shown in the photograph is one had new growth from the tip ample. Some of these roots at the about three inches in length as well time of digging were followed in the as a good many new smaller side soil for a distance of three feet al­ roots. most straight down. At that point the Peat moss has not been found bene­ roots were ~ inch in diameter. ficial when used as a part of the This photograph shows that good rooting medium. In fact the response trees with well developed tops and of the cuttings is slower where peat roots can be produced from soft-wood is used, resulting in slower rooting heeled cuttings. and a much lower percentage of root­ The results here reported are suffi­ mg. cient ,to indicate the importance of There is some variation in the way soft-wood heeled cuttings in the prop­ these soft-wood cuttings root. Most agation of deciduous trees. A Standardized Metal Marcot Box for Plant Propagation

G. WEIDMAN GROFF Professor of H Ol'ticu,ltwre, Lingnan Agricultural CoUege, Lingnan University, Canton, China

The multiplication of plants by mar­ particularly effective, and is extensive­ cottage is an ancient practice of the ly used by nurserymen in the Orient. Oriental plant propagator. In Occi­ A ring of bark is removed from the dental countries the method generally branch selected for the operation. has been considered too laborious to \iVhen the establishment of large trees be practical in extensive operation. In is desired the branch operated upon India the English term "Gottee" has may be an inch or more in diameter. been used in place of marcot; while A ball of heavy clay soil, reinforced in China it is usually spoken of as with chopped straw or grass. is then an "air layer" to distinguish it from tied around the wound; and ~his is the common 'vVestern ground layer most faithfully watered while callus or cutting. and roots develop. Leaves are not In spite of the mechanical diffi­ cut back or removed so extensively culties involved in controlling heat, as in cuttings where the supply o~ light, air, and moisture conditions water is largely cut off and no ade­ both before and after removing mar­ quate check is put upon transpiration. cots from a parent tree, there is prob­ In marcotting young tip growth, ma­ ably no better method of securing in ture leaves should be retained so that a short time well established, vegeta­ they may function in the elaboration tively propagated plants on their own of carbohydrates which nourish the roots. Much progress has been made base and rasten the formation of roots. in recent years in the successful propa­ When roots fill the ball of earth, or gation, in electrically controlled, even the soil medium, usually on from one temperature, high humidity chambers, to four months, the branch or twig is or in solar frames, of leafy cuttings severed from the parent tree, and the and marcotted tips of many subtropi­ new plant is hardened off in the cal, woody plants. Under field con­ nursery. ditions one of the chief difficulties of Adaptations of this method of mar­ successful marcottage has been the cottage are particularly applicable in necessarily persistant, moderate, al­ the introduction and distribution into most daily watering of the soil medi­ new areas of plant forms which are um surrounding the ringed branch difficult to transfer by seeds. The re­ before it is severed from the parent. production of desirable varieties is A metal marcot box is a great aid in best assured by vegetative propaga­ preventing the drying out of the tion. When new plants are thus es­ medium, and in encouraging callus tablished upon their own roots there and root formation by absorbing heat. is no danger of influence or transfer In the handling of Citrus and Litchi, of forms used for stock. Young tip and many other genera of subtropical growth is the most suitable in propa­ fruits and ornamentals, marcottage is gation for transport purposes, not only [108] Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTI CULTURAL MAGAZINE'-,; 109

P late I

Orange twig, r-£nged at A, 1'eady for 11~a1'cot (upper left) . The Sa11f/,e twig balled with mu.d and 1"ice straw in the Chinese fashion. The sa11f£e twig (lower right) with a halved flower pot fi lled with a s~,itable 'wr.ea·tu.1n. The same twig with a metal 71wrcot box. Apr., 1936 110 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE because the young wood roots the ing the opening of the boxes to re­ most readily, but also because sucr. moisten; (3) breaking off of young material is relatively free from insects roots in opening and removing the and disease. To meet these require­ new plant from the two halves of the ments of propagation for overseas box, particularly when it was desired shipments a gradual evolution of an to save the box for future operation; ancient practice is now taking place. and (4) the very rapid deterioration Today modern marcottage gives prom­ of the boxes even when paraffined or ise of extensive use by scientific plants­ when used under comparatively dry men, nurserymen, fruit growers, flor­ conditions. ists and door yard gardeners in many While propagating plants at Can­ climes. ton, China, where summer rains are The first step away from the appli­ very intense, and humidity is very cation of the ball of mud was to im­ high, the idea was conceived of using prove the soil medium through the brass sheeting as material for the proper mixture of sand, pulverized construction of the marcot boxes. sphagnum or peat. Next an ordinary Chinese brass workers were employed flower pot or tin can was severed in making the boxes by cutting out into two halves and tied around the the form from sheets of thin brass, ringed or wounded portion of the folding and soldering across the edges. branch, after which it was filled with In the use of these brass boxes in the soil. In this stage the chief difficulties open we soon discovered that they encountered were in the construction neither became too wet in heavy rains, of the containers, and in the rapid nor dried out too rapidly in dry drying out of the medium. weather. They absorbed the heat of The second step was in the design the air and sun better, producing at of a pasteboard box, with bottom and times the equivalent of bottom heat lid so constructed that each could be often available in greenhouse propa­ filled with moistened soil medium and gation. They were longer lived than fit snugly around the ringed branch. pasteboard boxes. However, the parts, The two halves were then bound to­ handmade, lacked uniformity in size, gether with raffia, string or tape. and were not all interchangeable. Fur­ Eugene V. May and Robert J. Bullen, thermore they readily split apart at plant propagators of the Bureau of the soldered edges. and had to be fre­ Plant Industry, first devised this meth­ quently repaired. od for use in the Washington green­ Recently while engaged in the prop­ houses. Public Service Patent 1,65 5,- agation of citrus fruit trees for ship­ 731 was granted on their design Jan­ ment to China, at the Subtropical uary 10, 1928. The writer has suc­ Fruit Production Laboratory of the cessfully used several sizes of these United States Department of Agri­ paste board boxes which were made culture at Orlando, Florida, improve­ by George P. Killian Company of ment in the design and construction Washington, D. C, at costs ranging of metal marcot boxes has been from $30.00 to $40.00 per thousand. studied. Blue prints and specifications Difficulties in the use of these boxes of a new design were drawn up have been: (1) labor involved in through the interest of Mr. B. D. tying; (2) rapid drying out of the Kunkle of General Motors Corpora­ medium in dry atmosphere, necessitat- tion, Detroit, Michigan. Blanking dies Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 111

I. '.

(j _. 'f) I! G- "D C - -0

Plate II-Evolution of marcottage T he Chinese mm'cot; the halved rose-pot; the pasteboa1'd 11wrcot box ( May and Bullen) ; the new bO_1:. In the la,tter, the ~tppe1' hole A 1:S f01' wa·te1'­ ing if needed; B for obse1'vation; C and D indicate the fa.steni1~gs. 112 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936 have now been made by the latter firm with ' the medium, and the lid is whereby the boxes are constructed by clamped into place. machinery in two seamless drawn An empty box weighs 3 1/5 ounc@s; pieces of .021 inch brass with rounded and one filled with a suitable mixture edges. The dimensions of the halves of one part pulverized German peat are such that they fit snugly together and three parts clear river sand which over a branch about the size of a pen­ has been moistened to the point of cil. The outside measure of this mar­ saturation, but with no water exuding cot box is 4" x 1%" x 1~". The upon pressure in the hanels, weighs 9 ready insertion of the branch is made 3/ 5 ounces. A weight as light as possible by suitable cut-outs in the this will not bend down the branches ends of lip and box, whereby an al­ under operation to any great extent. most perfect circular hole, 3/8" in diameter, appears in the center ot Two holes each 3/ 8" in diameter both ends of the box when the lid is have been stamped out in the cover of fit snugly into position. This hole the box, serving for ready inspection, accommodates the branch. In the aeration, and possibly watering. When pasteboard box designed by May and roots begin to fill the box they can Bullen the lid is the larger portion, be seen protruding from the lower and must be partly filled with medium hole, indicating that the time has come before using it to cover the bottom for severing the new plant from the portion which is completely filled with parent. If the soil medium becomes the medium. In the present design too dry, as in exceedingly elry weath­ the lower half of the box is the larger er, the holes in the lip can be taped portion and contains all the medium. over to prevent evaporation. Water The lid fits over this into a natural can be applied, without opening the position, and is readily freed from box, through the upper hole by the section containing the medium fountain pen filler or small syringe. without seriously disturbing any roots An additional, important feature of that may have formed. the machine-made box makes tying At the time of boxing the twig, unnecessary. This was incorporated the bottom portion of the box is by Mr. Kunkle of General Motors first packed with the prepared medium Corporation. A slight spherical raised to a depth somewhat above the curved surface of the brass has been stamped base of the incisions for the twig. into the middle of the sides of the This is then placed around the twig box portion, with corresponding holes so that the ringed portion is in a in the cover, so that when the two pOSItIOn slightly less than half-way parts are pressed together they tend down the box, being somewhat below to hold in place without binding. This the upper hole in the lid when the is important, for tring in difficult and latter is fitted into position. The twig laborious, especially for one working then rests in the medium in such a alone. way as not to be jammed down against Boxes of the present type are espe­ the edges of the incisions, in which cially designed for the rooting of small case the bark may be cut. The latter plants from immature wood. Such can be protected, however, by strips are especially benefitted by a com­ of paper or cut rubber tubing. The bination marcot-cutting method where­ box is finally filled and packed tightly by the ringed twigs are callused for Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 113

Plate III

Re11'wval of 11W,rcOt box afte1' Tooting; the Tooted cutting wash~d f1~ee of the Tooting mediu11I1,; the cu tt'ing potted; the C'U/.tting planted ~n W'we- 111/,esh contai'ners fOT c0111,pact ship1l/1l,ents. 114 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936 a few weeks, then severed from the and made of materials other than parent plant, cut back to the callus, brass. Aluminum and bakelite has and thereafter treated as cuttings been considered. Thin glass could be plunged in sand or slightly organic inexpensively moulded into desired medium, under bottom heat and high size and shape, and broken when roots humidity facilities. The writer has fill the space, thereby entailing a mini­ found, in handling subtropical forms, mum of disturbance to the newly es­ tthat generally speaking, the new plants tablished root system. prosper better when severed from the Standardized marcot boxes, as de­ parent plant at about tthe time the scribed above, are not as yet available roots begin to form. The marcot is through seed houses, nurseries, or dis­ then planted in thumb, rose, or azalea tributors of garden equipment. Addi­ pots in soil medium of slightly heavier tional experience will no doubt bring nature than that employed in the mar­ about further changes in size and de­ cot boxes. These are then plunged sign. The present type, brass, ma­ in sand in the solar or electrically chine-made boxes are light in weight, heated frame when rootts quickly fill uniform in construotion, and durable. the pots. The plants are thereafter In addition to their application to the transferred to larger sized pots, wire rooting of plants for foreign plant baskets, or wooden boxes until they introduction, they are also well adapt­ are ready to set out in the open. Many ed to the multiplication of dooryard temperate and tropical plants can and greenhouse woody plants, and to readily be propagated by these meth­ experimental work in plant propaga­ ods with a minimum of equipment. tion. Present manufacture is in quan­ Daily interest and attention is advan­ tity of not less than one thousand. tageous, especially at the time when Until further introduction through re­ first removing the marcots from the tail houses quotation for smaller quan­ trees. tities can be secured by addressing Larger marcot boxes suitable for American Foundation, Lingnan Uni­ the propagation of larger branches and versity, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York more mature wood could be designed City. Bomarea, a Genus of Showy Andean Plants

E. P. KILLIP

THE traveler wending his way along brought together by Baker in his a narrow mountain trail in the Andes monograph! of the family, which is finds the monotony of the dark green the most recent treatment of Amarylli­ vegetation broken by great globes of daceae as a whole and in which 7S brilliant red and yellow flowers. Ac­ species of B omarea. are recognized. tually terminating a long vine which This number has been greatly in­ clambers over the shrubs, these de­ creased during the present century as pendent globes seem suspended in a result of the studies of Kranzlin midair, so slender is the stem which and Sodiro. supports them. The plants belong to Early in my Andean travels my in­ Bom,area, of the Amarylli s fami ly, a terest was aroused by these showy gen us little known to North Ameri­ plants, and our expeditions to Colom­ cans and only infrequently introduced bia and Peru have brought back a great into cultivation anywhere. amount of herbarium material. The at­ During the middle years of the past tempt to classify this brought realiza­ century several species were brought tion that the genus was greatly in into cultivation in England, arousing need of critical study, and I have the interest not only of horticulturists therefore undertaken the preparation but also of taxonomic students. It IS of a monograph of B 0111£a1'ea. Some of natural, therefo~e, that the principal the new species detected as a result systematic work on the genus should of these studies and described for­ have been done by Engiish:. b.otanists. mally in a recent paper2 are illustrated Many species were first ;'~fscribed in the 'present article'. More field from li ving material in the R§Jyal Bo­ work is necessary, and I hope that tanic Gardens at Kew, and w.e have this account will inspire travelers to numerous illustrations of B omarea in the native haunts of B0111,area. to make such publications as the Gardenen' collections of these interesting plants Chronicle and Curt1:s' Botanical Mag­ and to bring back seeds or young az'me. plants for horticultural purposes. The first comprehensive monograph Not all born areas are high-climbing of Amaryllidaceae was the beautifully vines with masses of red and yellow illustrated work of Dean William flowers, such as I have described. Herbert, published in 1837, in which Some have stiff wandlike stems only 44 species were listed under B oma1'ea a foot or two high; others, growing and 10 under C ollania and S phaer'ine, among grasses, have lax stems and groups which usually are considered are nearly procumbent. The roots of subgenera of B 0111,Orea. Several were certain species (B. ovata alld allies) proposed as new in succeeding years, bear large edible tubers. The leaves 111 a i n I y by Baker, Masters, and are usually resupinate, that is, the Kranzlin, and all known species were petiole is twisted, so that the upper

'Ba ker, J. G. H andbook of the Amaryllideae, 2Jour n . W ashington Acad. Sci. 25 :370· 37'7. 1888. 1935. [ 115 1 116 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936 surface of the blade is turned toward B oma:rea is most abundant in the the base of the plant and the under Andes from Venezuela to Peru, at surface toward the apex. The upper altitudes between 4,500 feet and tim­ side of the leaves is glabrous in all but ber line. A few species are found at a few species, and the under side lower elevations and several inhabit glabrous or pubescent. Near the tip the high mountain plateaus, or para­ of the stem, which is unbranched, is mos. Brazil and Argentina have about an involucre of bracts, which may a dozen species; one is known from persist a long time or soon fall off. Chile, and one from British Guiana. In most species the flowers are borne B O11'/,area edulis grows on some of the in an umbel, but in a few the fl oral larger islands of the West Indies, and axis is elongate, the pedicels spreading a few species occur in southern Mex­ at nearly a right angle. Two or three ico and Central America. Peruvian species are strictly I-flow­ About 18 species belong to the ered. The rays of the umbel are un­ well-marked sub g e nus T,vichaurea, branched, hence I-flowered, or they which by some authors has been con­ are one to four times forked, each si dered a separate genus under the fork bearing a flow er, though some­ name C olla11ia or W ichau'rea. These times the fl owers of the lower forks plants grow at high elevations, and do not develop. At these forks there are commonest in Peru and Bolivia. usually is a bractlet. The ovary is They have stiff, nearly erect stems inferior in most of the species, but in and a nodding inflorescence. The some it is so merged with a greatly leaves are usually very narrow and enlarged style base that it may be con­ revolute, and are often strongly as­ sidered partly superior. The perianth cending. In B. involu c1'osa the flow­ consists of six segments, the three ers are green or cream-color; in the outer (sepals) of one form, the three others the sepals are red or pink and inner (petals) of another form. The the petals yellow. B O11'Larea campa'l7u.­ sepals are generally of an oblanceolate lifiora has bell-shaped flowers, with outline and red, pink, or rose in color. very broad sepals. B omarea zosterae­ The petals, which in some species folia has long slender leaves, which greatly exceed the sepals, have an are somewhat spreading, and an open oblong or cuneate blade, which tapers tlmbel of fl owers. Among other spe­ to a long claw. Their color is yellow, cies of the subgenus Wichaurea are orange, or red, rarely green, white, B. fiebrigiana, B. ~tl1ifio1'a, B. dulcis, or scarlet, with or without spots or and B. glaucescens, the last being the blotches of purple, brown, or red. best known if not the only species of Both sepals and petals are often this group occurring in Ecuador. greenish toward the apex; in only Another subgenus which sometimes one species are both greenish white or has been treated as generically distinct cream throughout. The fruit is a is S pha e1' il1 e, which contains about 25 3-celled capsule, longitudinally dehis­ species and ranges along the moun­ cent in most of the species, but ap­ tai I1 S from Venezuela to northwestern parently indehiscent in a few. When A rgentina. The leaves vary from the capsule bursts open, exposing the linear to ovate; the umbel rays are numerous bright red seeds, the effect si mple or forked; the fruit, so far as is almost as striking as at flowering known, is indehiscent; the stems are time. either erect or lax and somewhat de- Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 117

-----.l -----

UNLTED SiA'T ES NATIONAL MUSEUM

f'LANT$ or P£RU

/~~ ; .....~ {._ ...... 'I ... Il',K",r",',,"\.r

B01'narea involuaosa (He1'b .) Bake?' Kalenborn 5, f1'om Oroya, Peru 118 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936

B011W1'ea cmnpanulijlom Killip The type speCi11'le11, Rai1'NoJldi 10299, from P'M.no, Pent Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 119

B omOTea zoste1'aefol'ia K1"llip The type speci111,en, Martinet 742, f1'o1n Al1CGchs, Pent 120 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936 cumbent, never climbing as in true the general scheme of Baker's mono­ Homal'ea. To this group belong B. graph, may be characterized thus: pmnila of Peru, the smallest bomarea Umbel rays simple. known, and B. squa111,osa, an Ecuador Sepals and petals subequal (Multijlo1'al') . Sepals much shorter than the petals plant with scalelike leaves. The larg­ ( C aida s iana.e ) . est-flowered representative of t his Umbel rays forked. subgenus is B O111.a?'ea sal'icifolia Killip, Sepals and petals subeq ual (Edllles ). 3 Sepals much shorter than the petals sp. nov. In this plant, which is gla­ (Vitel/inae) . brous throughout except fo r an indu­ B omarea supe1'ba and B. f01'11wsis­ ment on the sepals and petals, the si111,a, of Peru, belonging to the group stem is straight, or nearly so; the Multijlome, bear large flowers, an leaves are linear-lanceolate, acumi­ inch to an inch and a half long; most nate at both ends, and are about 35- of the other species of M ulti{iorae nerved; the outer bracts are leaflike have smaller fl owers, but as they are and somewhat falcate, the inner ones often very numerous the plants make linear-lanceolate ; the umbel has about 10 ebracteolate unforked rays ; the a brilliant di splay. Here belong B. 1'I1~. ltijl om, B . pu.rp~w e a, oblanceolate rose-colored sepals and of Colombia; the cuneate-spatulate, yellow, purple­ a species of a rather wide di stribution, dotted petals are of nearly equal the fl owers of which are deep orange and deep red; B. aura.ntiaca, of Peru I e 11 g t h. Among other species of S phaerine are B. linifolia and B. in­ and Bolivia, with a dense yellowish cana, of Colombia; B. ha?,tweg'ii, of indument clothing the stem and the Ecuador ; B. ncrvosa and B. disticho­ under side of the leaves; B. cornigera phyllo, of Peru; and B. boliviensis, of and B. ca.udato, of P eru, with their Bolivia. sepals terminating in a horn ; B. C1'GS­ sifol-ia of Colombia and B. setacea of The remaining species of B O11lwrea, Peru, with thick leathery leaves; and about 50 in number, belong to the B . del'ls'ijlora, in which there is usually subgenus Eubo11'w1'ea. Most of them present a definite fl oral axis. are twining vines with lanceolate or oblong, rather distant leaves, red or The most showy of all the bomareas pink sepals and ye llow petals ( often belong to Caldasia nae, for here we have dotted or mottled) , and 3-angled fruit, plants with both many-flowered heads which is c1ehiscent along the angles. and large individual fl owers. E specially The species of this subgenus fall into striking members of the group in Co­ four main groups, which, fo llowing Lombia are B . 1'a.c e1'llijloTa Killip, sp. nov. ,4 B. jloribwl1da, B. vegosan.o and

_ '!J;marea (Sphaerine) salid/olia K illip, sp. nov . . lque ~ l aber !lma. , segmentis perianthii ex­ "Bomorea (Eu,bo'ma't ea § OaldasUlnae) rocemostJ ceptls ; caults strlCtus ve.l substrietus, 50 em . vel Killip, . sp. nov.-Ca ulis yolubilis, erassu s, 7-10 ultl a altus, 2-3 mm. dlam. ; folia lineari-Ianceo­ mm. dl am ., l' ufo-tomentosus; folia lanceolata vel lata, 11-13 em. long a, 1-1.2 em. lata, petiolo 8-10 ov~to- I aneeo l ata, 10-20 em. longa, 3-3.5 em. lata, mm. longo, :utroque acumin ata, ca. 35-nervia' a~H.ce longe acumin ata, membranaeea, supra frb acteae perSlstentes dimorphae exteriores s ub ~ nltld a, subtus rufo-pilosula. ; bra,eteae inferiores aleatae <1·5 em long 7 8 ' .. )' . l' . aeJ - mm. latae lnterlores ad 6 em. longae et 2 em. latae, superiores ad 1.5 lnearl- anc~olatae , 1-1.5 em. longae, I 2-3 mm em. Iongae. et 3 mm. latae; infloreseentia r8ce­ l ata~; Tadu ca. 10, simplices teneri 3-4 em' mosB:1 racht ad 10 em. longa, pedicellis 6-10 em. lon ~l, eb.l:acteolati; ovarium turbinatum: seg m e nt~ longls, rufo-tomentellis, bracteolis lineari-Ianeeo­ perlsllthll .subaequ alia, 4 .5-5 em. longa, sepalis l!1tis; . p er ian~hiu m maximum, coeeineum, sepalis obl~neeolstls. ~a. 1..2 em. latis, roseis, intu s ad hnea!"l-oblongls, 5-6 em. long is, ca. 1 em. latis, ~:S l~ dense pllosults, p etalis euneato-spathulatis, p ~ta.h s c ~n eato- un g ui c ul at i s, quam sepalis · lon­ . . .em. l atls, lutels, purpureo-punetatis a d glO rlbu ~, In eo.sta puberulis; stamina 5 -5.5 em. basIn p.I Io.suh s; antherae ovatae, ca. 4 mm 10n­ longa, lllaequaha, a n th eris oblongis.-Dintel, D e­ gae; Plstl\lum staminibus suba,eq u ale - T . " \I p ar tment Cundina ma l" ea, Colombi,>, altitude 3,000 V( enezu ela, 2,450 m. a.lt., F'Unck

UNITE.D STATES NATIONAL MVSEuP'l'i

B Oma1'ea fiebrigiana K1'iinzl. Bues 2120, j1'0111- Cuzco, Pent 122 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936

°i}

CAMPAGNE DE LA MAG 1CltNNC 1U7G Ill; HERBIEI\DUl) l SAVATlt'R ." / .,

B 0111.area uniflOTa ( Mathews) Killip Savatie1' 1454, from, Cajavilca, P ent Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 123

/

\ I

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

t- /Curl"~) p. t _, PLANTS O t> Pl:.RU

B 0111.area pU11~ ila G?'1seb.

Sues 2151, fro11.~ Cuzco, Peru 124 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apl'., 1936

B. j1'ondea, and in Ecuador B. pataco­ specific with B. ovata, of Peru, with cens'is, B. lutea and B. saloyana. which it has often been confused. Boma1'ea racemosa is one of Outside of this immediate relationship the largest-flowered bomareas known, the species of Ed~£les are well marked, It has been confused with the Ecua­ Of special interest are the small-flow­ dorean B. patacocens'is, which has ered Chilean plant, B. salsilla, the much narrower leaves and petals and only species described by Linnaeus a sparsely pubescent stem; at least within the genus now known as Bo- two illustrations in the Ga1'dene1's' 111area; the linear-leaved B. parvifolia Chron'icle under that name actually and B. ang1/.Stissima, of Peru; B. hie­ represent B. race111,osa. This new spe­ ronymi, of Colombia, with sharply cies has a stout stem, which is densely acute perianth segments; B. call1.pylo­ reddish-tomentose. The leaves are phylla of Peru, with falcate leaves and lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, and bracts; B. ca1'deri and B. shuttle­ rufo-pilosulous beneath. The bracts worthii of Colombia, with very large are of two forms, the lower ovate­ flowers in a lax umbel; and B. per­ lanceolate, the upper linear. The in­ longipes, also of Colombia, with ex­ florescence is racemose, the fl oral ceptionally long umbel rays and large rachis of the type specimen reaching leaflike bractlets. a length of four inches. The stout Vitellinae, the group with forked pedicels, 20 to 60 in number, are rays and unequal perianth segments, divaricate from the rachis at nearly a is a small one. Here belong B. sch~£lt ­ right angle and, though unforked, zei, a Colombian species distinguished bear near the middle a linear-lanceo­ from other Vitellinae by the broadly late bractlet about half an inch long. ovate sepals; B. vitellina, a showy The flowers are scarlet, the petals be­ plant, also from Colombia; and B. de­ ing spotted with dark brown and yel­ cli11Gta, of Peru. low at the base. The sepals are two Only a few of these numerous spe­ to two and a half inches long, and the cies of B011larea have been brought petals two and a half to three inches into cultivation. In Bailey's Standard long and nearly an inch wide. Cyclopedia of Horticulture eight are A single species of these large-flow­ mentioned: B. oligantha, salsilla, ca-r­ ered representatives of Caldasianae, den:, cho17talensis, shuttlew01'thii, pa­ B. costaricensis, occurs in the moun­ tacoce17sis, caldasl:i, and vitellina. B 0- tains of Costa Rica. The most com­ 1'1wrea 1'acemosa has been grown un­ mon species of the group, however, der the name B. patacocensis. In an is one with smaller and usually fewer interesting account of the bomareas flowers, B. caldasii, plants of which in the Glasgow Botanical Garden5 are growing well in Golden Gate Banks li sts three hybrids, B. whittonii Park. ( carde1'i x edulis), B. matthewsii Within Edules we find a group of (edulis x carderi) , and B. banksii about 20 species which are separable (caldasii x pa,tacocensis). Comment­ on rather slight differences and which ing on the cultivation of bomareas have always given difficulty to the Banks says, "Bomareas are not as monographer of Bomarea. Without widely known as they deserve to be, discussing the subject in detail I may especially when one considers how say that B. edu.lis, the only Bomarea in the West Indies, is clearly not con- "Garden 89 :671. 1925. Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 125

B0111area salicifolia Killip, sp. nov. The type specimen 126 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936

.1: . -

B0111.a?'ea. purpUI'ea (R. and P.) H el'b. Killip and Smith 17819, f1' 011~ Sa'ntander, Colombia Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 127

AN U/ S lO~f)" Ilk . J ..~ II "/Jill f) "n. / . ,. nljlh.1

.1 Cl' \TI

B oma1'ea incana Killip The type speci111,en, Cuati'ecasas 2224, fro11!/, Tolima, C ol011!/' bia 128 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936 easily they are grown. All they need, growing season, which begins early in if grown in pots, is a support for their the spring. Late in the fall the stems long twining stems, and a light posi­ are cut down to the ground and the tion in a cool house. If planted in a roots kept in dry soil. border and the shoots supported on Obviously Boma1'ea has pronounced wires, they will amply repay the little possibilities in horticulture. In view trouble spent upon them by producing of the wide-spread and intelligent at­ a succession of their drooping bell­ tention now given to the introduction shaped flowers." In the Standard of ornamental plants from tropical Cyclopedia we learn further that they America, it is hoped that there may thrive in a rich fibrous soil and re­ be a revival of interest in this strik­ qUire plenty of water during the ingly handsome genus.

T. E. Hazen BomaTea l-in-ifot-ia (H.B.K.) BakeT Qu.ind7:o mountains, Colombia A Book or Two

Manual of Cultivated Trees and er who makes a pretense of serious Shrubs. By Alfred Rehder. The work should get his personal copy at Macmillan Company, New York. once, if he is not already its proud 1934. A reissue at reduced price. possessor. $5.00. This is a technical book but it is Vegetables and B erries. By Adolph one that every gardener who makes Kruhm. Doubleday Doran and any pretense of serious effort should Company, Inc., Garden City, N. Y. have in his garden library. If it has 1936. 88 pages, illustrated. $1.00. any omissions, they are chiefl y of One of the series of small practical plants for the Pacific Coast or the Gulf volumes for the beginner, this book States in which areas the introduction devotes five chapters to general discus­ of exotic plants has proceeded at an sion of what to do in the fruit and enormous rate in the last decade. vegetable garden, one chapter to a plan . Now that garden clubs have under­ for a family of five, a long chapter to taken such studies as the review of a discussion of vegetables, one to ber­ the cultivated species of genera com­ ri es and a final chapter to various mat­ monly represented by a few well­ ters that a gardener should know to known species, this volume is particu­ make his work still more successful. larly useful to the amateur. For ex­ As would be expected, the text ample, if one were to require a quick though brief is written with authority !"eference for all the wild roses, the and pleasant clearness and with enough barberries, the flowering crap-apples, enthusiasm to make the gardener who the cotoneasters to name but a few has abandoned part of his one-time genera, he would find his information vegetable garden to fl owers, seriously here. consider a restoration, and the novice Cultural matters are quite properly who has never yet known the epicurean i10t given first attention but there are delight of his own green peas or sweet many data included that give the key corn, set for himself a summer's work. to cultural procedure. Descriptions are given in botanist's The Gardener's Fint Year. By Alfred terms but these are defined in the glos­ Bates. Longman, Green & Co., New sary and with a little use become famil­ York, 1936. 246 pages, illustrated, iar and valuable additions to one's $2.00. working vocabulary giving one a new Only too often the gardener learns clarity of expression. to garden merely by gardening. Some­ Dr. Rehder's distinctions are too times his initiation is attended by ad­ well known to call for any comment ventures, sometimes by disasters, often­

Vines and Pests are bowed to­ books under one cover with various s-carcely more. degrees of cement to hold them to­ Home Propagation is an interesting gether. If you didn't like the separates and intriguing chapter. that were put out first, maybe you'll Winter Gardening - Indoors and prefer this. They have been reviewed Out, are short chapters, but valuable before so there is no need of saying and adorned by charming pictures. more here. The rest is a month by month cal­ endar. The Ga:rd e1'b Dict·bOI1a1'Y. Edited by The illustrations are most inter­ Norman Taylor. H oughton Mifflin esting. The photographs for the most Company, New York, 1936. 888 part are beautiful, but curiously placed pages, illustrated. $16.50. so that one looks at them from all angles, except upside down. The line It is still a matter of doubt to this drawings are clear, sometimes beauti­ reviewer as to how a dictionary should ful but often quite unneeded as for be reviewed. One can use a dictionary example, the drawing of Magnolia or read a dictionary, but review it stella-ta opposite a fine full page photo­ with diffi·culty. Perhaps more than graph. any other type of book it suffers from This is a difficult book to appraise. the necessities of space. Much must One's general impression is that it be included; much must be left out suffers from having included too many least the book become too huge. themes and not enough development The present volume was intended to of anyone, save in those few places include "those (cultivated plants) like­ where Mr. Wister's personal enthusi­ ly to be of interest to the average in­ asm broke away from space restric­ telligent or even inquisitive amateur." tions. It is difficwlt also to be sure to To these items were added articles on what audience it is addressed. It is all the many topics that concern gar­ apparently for the beginner and for deners, discussions of regions and ge­ those who live north of Washington ographical areas, some trade-marked a11d east of Chicago. It certainly is articles and other rnatters that seemed not, as the jacket would have you be­ essential. Cross-references are given fieve, "The yt;!ar around book for wit h 0 u t number. Pronunciation is every garden lover." If, like the re­ gIven great care. Text illustrations viewer, you are old and hardened. in are numerous and informative. There garden sin, you will not want it except are also color plates, among them an as you are interested in all that this exquisite reproduction of a Sargent author writes, but if you are new at water color. gardening, get it and use it as a base Although ever present, botany as from which you will work away to­ such is subordinated to 'gardening so ward those phases of gardening that that the book is useful to the gardener suit you best. rather than to the systematist. The result is such that the gardener The Complete Book of Gardening. who wants ' only the answer to his By Ten Well Known Authorities. question finds it and in addition finds Doubleday, Doran and Co., Inc., what he needs to know when he be­ New York, 1936. $2.35. gins his search for more specialized material. In addition and just as im­ For the most part this looks like ten portant, the result is a readable book. 132 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936

The Window Gm'de11. By Bessie Ray­ not include as many unusual species mond Buxton. Orange Judd Pub­ as does the next chapter on hanging lishing Co., New York, 1936. 158 pots. pages, illustrated. $1 .50. As in all books there are some points one would like cleared up. In This is a simple book born of ex­ this case, the reviewer would like to penence. It has to do with plants know how often the pots are turned that have been grown in house win­ around to the light; how many tons Jows all their days and has little to of earth are carried in and out each say about those plants that are bought, year, and if there is any useful basis stood in windows for a time, and then of compromise as to which windows discarded. It makes no pretense of shall have plants and which not, and describing all the plants that might be as to whether or not the flowers shall grown in windows, but limits itself to be for the room or the passerby. those that have been grown there. The first chapter has to do with The Livi11g Garden. By E. J. Salis­ Soil and Culture; the second, Propa­ bury. G. Bell & Sons, Ltd., Lon­ gation; the third, Potting and Water­ don. 1935. 320 pages and index; ing. All three are developed by a 17 plates and numerous drawings. discussion of examples rather than by lOs. 6d. net. abstractions. Geraniums, Begonias, Bulbs and This is one of the most instructive Unusual Plants each have a chapter garden books of recent years. The to themselves. author explains in clear and simple Noone who has had the thrill of language the life history of a plant buying a potted geranium can fail to and its relation and response to soil, be moved by the descriptions of all climate, moisture and human care. It the varieties that one might have. is written by a botanist who is also This is particularly true of the Zonale a gardener, a very happy combina­ section, and those persons to whom tion, since he therefore takes a wider a geranium is a red geranium and view of his science than that of labo­ nothing more might do well to read ratory examinations and herberia con­ this chapter. sultations. He constantly calls atten­ One would expect Mrs. Buxton's tion to the need of the botanist for book to have a fair share of begonias. the observations of the horticultural­ Since this reviewer knew a whole ist in order to arrive at a more thor­ bay-window of begonias in his youth ough understanding of plant life. he does not need persuasion as to The book is a delightful and an en­ their variety or charms. At the mo­ trancing record of, as the subtitle ex­ ment he would prefer geraniums, but presses it, "the how and why of gar­ he commends this chapter and the den life." No better review of the many begonia pictures to all home book could be given than to list the gardeners. headings of the chapters :-\i\That is The chapter on bulbs is brief and a Garden; The Soil; Sunlight and not very interesting. Apparently the Shade; Cold and \i\Tarmth-Frost and author has not succumbed to the Fog ; Concerning Alpines and Rock search for varieties that has led her so Plants; The Garden under the Soil; far ' with geraniums and begonias. The Spri ng Emergence; The Garden The chapter on unusual plants does Cosmopolitan; Vegetable Propagation; Apr., 1936 TH E NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 133

Seed Production ; Scent and Color ' book wholly devoted to the plants Seeds and their Germination ; Weeds; themselves and not loaded with de­ The Changing Year and the Chang­ tailed accounts as to how and where ing Day; On Cutting Lawns and the rock garden should be made. H edges; P lant Names; The Span of T here has been so much written on Life. that phase that any up-to-date gar­ The illustrati ons are especially dener knows the essentials of the art, praiseworthy. The plates are not only or should know them. W hat is excellent photography but are also needed are books about the plants very beautiful, even when showing the themselves; accurately written from Leaf Skin of the Crown Imperial. T he first hand knowledge and not from line drawings whi ch are scattered botani cal treatises compi led by per­ through the text are the most delight­ sons who have never seen the living ful , and at the same time the most plan.t. T hi s is exactly what the au­ perfectly exact, plant sketches that thor has done. this reviewer can recall ever having He is, therefore, to be praised for seen. They are perfect little gems to glVl11g us plai n, honest descriptions which one loves to return to time and of the plants mentioned; as he states again fo r the sheer joy of their clear in his introduation--only such plants simplicity. So splendid a book beauti­ as he has personally known are in­ fully written and sympathetically il­ cluded. "By li miting myself to plants lustrated is not often found. whi ch I have actually known, and After reading it one returns to the mostly grow n-or sometimes killed garden with a keener understanding -I have, of course, left out many of plant-life and a far better knowl· good things. I have, on the other edge of gardening. It is a book to en­ hand, left out a great many boring thuse over and it should be on the plants." The only trouble about leav­ shelves of everyone who is interested ing out "boring plants" i'5 that the in plants of any sort or in gardening reader of the book may not always in any and all of its phases. agree with the author as to what A. B. things should be included under this term. R ock Ga.rden Plamts. By Clarence The genus Alyssum is a case in Elliott. Edward Arnold & Co" point. The author frankly states t hat L ondon. 1935 . 323 pages includ­ he does not care for the group and ing index; colored frontispi ece and li sts only A. A . t0 1 't~£ osum, saxatile sixteen plates. American Agent, and 111a1'itimu11'L, this last! "like most Longmans, Green & Co., 114 Fifth annuals, is not quite appropriate in the Ave., New York $3.00. rock garden proper, though it may be This reviewer is going to make so sown broadcast, and in strict modera­ many little carping criticisms that tion, here and there along the margins it is best to start out by saying the of the rock paths." W ith such a state­ book is very good, contains much ment the omi ssion of A . A . idaeu11~, helpful instructi on as to the growi ng wwntanu11L, se1'pyllifolium an d even of the plants, the use of them in the 1'ost1'atum. becomes glaring. Allium, van ous parts of the garden and, as cyclamen and iris are included yet a rule, splendid descriptions of the other small bulbs and corms are left plants. It is refreshing to fin d a out. Among the iri ses, persica is 134 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr.,1936 omitted while I. I. reticulata, histrio, ' Some years ago, quite by accident, histriooides and Danfordiae are in­ The Unconventional Garden by the cluded and the pumila group is con­ same author came into my hands and, sidered unappropriate. after glancing through a few pages The statement is made that seeds of of it, was at once purchased. Long cyclamen will not germinate "under before it was half finished it was placed twelve months, and never give up hope second to E. A. Bowles' invaluable under two years." This is not at all garden trilogy, now, alas, out of print, the case if the seed is soaked in water and it has continued to retain that for twenty-four hours before planting; place in this reviewer's esteem ever this reviewer has always had germina­ since. This post-humous volume lives tion within eight weeks since following up to the promise of the first book this practice. Barr addvises it on all in every respect. The author's recent the packets of seed and the author death will be deeply regretted by all should have known this. gardeners and his terse, keen observa­ It is not clear whether the author tions upon plant life will be greatly considers S edum S e11'!p ervivwm as a missed by those who have derived di5'1:inct species or an error occurs in pleasure and profit from his writings. the name. It is listed in the paragraph Perhaps it is because the reviewer which follows S. sempe1'vlvoides as is so keenly in accord with the au­ though the two were separate plants­ thor's garden ideals as expressed in at any rate it is frowned upon because the introduction, "the garden may be of its good red color. looked on chiefly as a home for a Rhododendrons are sadly absent choice collection of plants" as against for no reason at all. The repeated the type of garden in which the "gen­ story of the seed-cake smeIl111g Thy­ eral effect may be the prime considera­ m~ts herba-barona could have been tion." The author is far too much a omitted so as to give space to the in­ garden lover to decry color schemes clusion of Th. Th. e1'ectltS and witidus. or mass plantings but wisely remarks And V eron·ica ca'/1,esceI1S is not "a rid­ that "a plant should surely be put iculous piece of New Zealand vegeta­ where it is most likely to thrive, and tion, a mere cobweb spread upon the the choice of positi0l1 should not be ground, set with brownish pinhead en1barrassed by having to consider too leaves," but a lovely and delicate bit of lover will agree with whole heartedly fine, lacy filigree. which in June is cov­ 'deeply how it fits into a sche01e. It ·ered with a continuing succession of does not follow that this consideration pale blue blossoms, large for the size will be ignored, but the needs of the of the plant, which spangle the filigree plant will come first, and, if a little of foliage in a most delightful and joy- imagination is exercised, there will be ous manner. A. B. few distressing results. Nature's pro­ vision of foliage as a setting will re­ Garden Variety. By Sir Arthur Hort. solve the discords of colors which as­ Edward Arnold & Co., London. sociation in a vase without greenery 1935. 244 pages and an index; might scream at each other." This is frontispiece portrait of the author in sound common sense which every plant his garden. American agent, Long­ and is the type of common sense which mans, Green & Co., 114 Fifth Ave., marks all of Sir Arthur's writing. New York. $4.20. The book is divided into four Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 135

parts, each dealing with one of the Propagator. " seasons. This word being used arbi­ It is a stimulating book deli ghtfully trarily, winter being that period of written by a garden enthusiast and the year which embraces the months should take its place among the most of November, December and January, necessary books of every gardener's in accordance with the milder climatic library. The author's closin g words conditions of England and should be express the aim of the book: "My moved a month forward by American hope has been by jottings from my readers. The first three parts had own experience to encourage some been completed by the author before to be rather more enterprising in the his death and the last one was com­ planting of their gardens and so .to piled by his wife from the notes which give them the charm of greater vari- he had left. There are two very in­ ety." A. B. teresting chapters on rock plants and one on shrubs in the parts which Sir The Rom,ance of Ga1'dening. Capt. F. Arthur completed and in the last part Kingdon Ward. Jonathan Cape, an exceptionally good chapter on plants London 1935. 271 pages and 16 for the "bare patches" in the garden. plates. lOs, 6d. In the main the plants discussed are With this Look Captain Ward steps not those mentioned in his earlier out of his role as plant hunter and book; but he has wisely included some shows us another side of hi s life, that of them when he felt called upon to of an earnest and enthusiastic garden­ revise his earlier observations or de­ er. The book is written in an easy sired to point out additional notes of and delightful style which gives it interest or amplify cultural needs. even more charm than his plant hunt­ \iVhile some of the plants mentioned ing books. He is more interested in would not generally prove to be hardy the plant from a garden view point under ordinary conditions here, the than !rom that of novelty. To quote lists of Galanthus, Potentilla, Globu­ from the blurb on the cover, " It is at laria, Allium and Geranium, to men­ once authoritative, informative and en­ tion only a few, should prove an in­ joyable-a permanent contribution. to centive to American gardeners to real gardening literature." widen their plant knowledge and en­ A listing of some of the chapter, deavor to obtain a larger range of headings will give a good idea of the gardening material. scope . of the work and the excellent Sir Arthur's garden is on chalk ideas which the book contains. The which limited his garden activities to Lure of Flowers ; The Perverseness of lime-loving plants but the wealth of Plants; Shrubs and Trees; Flower material treated is so varied and so Shows; The Geography of the Garden; interesting that the omission of species Alpines; Where Our Plants Come demandillg an acid soil is not noticed From' Unfavorable Climatic Condi­ except when he calls attention to it. · tions ;nd The Owner Gardener. There There is a splendid plea to grow se-· are also several chapters upon plant lected forms of native plants which we hunting anq the discovery of several Americans who have for so long liew plants. neglected our native flora might do The illustrations are excellent. But well to ponder over. There is also they are after the crude modern man­ an excellent chapter on "The Amateur ner of occupying the full page or 136 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936 seeming to be trimmed down in order Ave., Chicago, Ill. 1935. Practical to fit the size of the book which to Edition $1.00; Regular Edition this reviewer's ideas makes a book $2.50; Gift Edition, $3.50. cheap and gives it an unfinished ap­ This, in the regular edition, reminds pearance. The subject matter is worthy one of a loose leaf notebook except of far better placed photographs. that much more is done for one than A. B. the inclusion of blank pages. There are twenty stiff index pages to separate Clematis. By Ernest Markham. Coun­ one's working sheets into appropriate try Life, London, 1935. 110 pages headings and fifty-four page units with an index and numerous plates. carefully printed with every conceiv­ American agent, Charles Scribner's able heading under which to record Sons, N ew York. $6.00. all the salient characteristics of the A most valuable little book on a plant itself, its source its location in genus of plants which is sadly neg­ the garden, its cultivation, special uses lected in this country. The author has the gardener may put it to, its liabil­ had many years' experience with his ities and its history. Twenty-four subject and deals with the species as blank pages provide for the excess of well as the modern hybrids. The book your comment. All that is needed to is clearly and concisely written and organize your plant knowledge is done will be a standard manual for clematis for you. All you must do is to make growers for many years to come. the entries. If you want a record The first part of the book treats of of all you know about a plant, here cultivation, propagation, pests and dis­ IS a clear, well-organized way to keep eases, etc., and is followed with a long it. descriptive list of species and hybrids and lists of the best clematis for va­ George Forrest. Published by The rious uses. The illustrations are all Scottish Rock Garden Society, Edin­ excellent; many of them not only show burgh, 1935. 90 pages, illustrated. the variety clearly but are also sugges­ More and more the gardening world tive as to the manner in which it may is interested in the work of plant ex­ be used. plorers whose labors make possible Probably its greatest asset for Amer­ the introduction of plants from all ican gardeners is the chapter written over the world. One of the most in­ by E. Spingarn of Amenia, New J. teresting and successful of such ex­ York, who has for many years been plorers was the late George Forrest our foremost grower of this genus. who was singularly successful, enrich­ Mr. Spingarn not only gives cultural ing our gardens particularly with new directions for this country but lists species of Rhododendron, Primula, those species, varieties and hybrids N omocharis and Gentiana. which have proven hardy with him in This small volume gives brief notes his own garden and also in several as to his life and works, followed by other portions of this country. With various reprints from his published such information available it is greatly writings, many illustrations of the to be hoped that this lovely group or country of his search and the plants plants will be more widely grown than they have been in the past. A. B. particularly associated with his name. Every true lover of plants will read The Practical Gm'den Notebook. By it with pleasure and an increased sense Ellen Browder Bean. 5748 Harper of his indebtedness. The Gardener's Pocketbook

Rhodode'ndron )ledoense vaL poull­ scription 111 the text of the omnge hanel1se (See page 140) berries. This plant is a distinct species and For the gardener who lives 111 the is not a variety or a form of H edem North and covets the masses of H elix. It is a native of Nepal, where large-flowered azaleas that flourish it was first discovered by Nathanael only in the South, there are few plants \iV allich in 1824; it is also a common to be considered and of these some vine throughout the southern slopes of are distinctly disappointing if they the Himalayas, At first it seems to are measured against the southern have been regarded as a variety of possibilities. This species is such a H, Helix and later as a variety of H. plant. colckica-why such mistakes should Coming from Korea, it is hardy to have been made I cannot understand cold and its hardiness extends not only for its very distinct from either spe­ to wood hardiness, but to bud hardi­ cies. In 1853 Koch recognized it as ness fairly well north and inland. a distinct species and gave it the name What then does one have; a vigor­ of H edem nepalensis but no one seem­ ous, widely spreading twiggy shrub ed to pay any attention to his name almost deciduous and with a rather for more than seventy years. Hibbred, good range of yellow to br,onzy :ed in his ill-advised book on The Ivy, colors in the autumn, and 111 spnng 1872, called it Hedera Helix cinerea. a mass of large purplish flowers that In 1884 Andre published it as H edera vary somew11at in size, form and .hue. aU1'antiaca. Even Dr. Tobler in his The word purplish is chosen advIsed­ excellent monograph on the Genus ly for by no chance can one escape Hedera, 1912, proposed the name of it. Although seedlings do vary some­ H edem hiwLalaica in ignorance of the what and the kindly eye can detect previous name given by Koch; whi~h in some a rosier hue than others, the error he subsequently corrected 111 mass of color is a violet pink such as 1927 and acknowledged the priority of one sees in red bud as it ages or in Koch's name of H edera nepalensis. some of the old hundred-leaf roses. As far as I have been able to trace For some gardens, this alone, is it the name H. Helix var. ch1')lso­ enough to outlaw the plant, so be carpa has never been used by botanists warned. (though it has by nurserymen) for this plant; but is a synonym for H~­ H edem nepalens'is dem poetaru1n (Bertolini, 1827), TI1lS In the January issue" on pa~e 3?, latter name has been used e i the r is a very beautiful and mterestl11g Il­ as a specific name or as a form. of lustration of an ivy which is errone­ Helix, which makes the confUSIOn ously named H edem Helix ch1')lso­ worse. Rehder uses the name as a ca1'pa. This plant should. b: called variety of H. H elix and gives the H edera nepalensis; the vel11l11g and namina of it to Tenore; Bean uses the shape of the leaves, even in the the na~e in a specific sense and gives fruiting spray shown in the plate, it to Walsh-no dates are given in would establish this without the de- either case, but research has uncov- [ 137 J 138 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936 ered the fact that Walsh was a mis­ gle, with an extra petal only occasion­ sionary who found the yellow-berried ally, the roundish petals are so wavy ivy (H. poeta1'um) growing outside that the flowers appear to be double, Constantinople at sometime during the especially from a little distance. In 1820's and sent seeds or plants to the size alsQ, the flowers are noteworthy, Royal Horticultural Society. being about two inches wide and they The plant in question - H edera are produced in long-stalked clusters, nepalensis-and as shown in the J an­ with three to five flowers in each uary issue, came to me from both cluster. The Japanese name which Dr. Eric Walther of the Golden Gate means "large lantern," must have or­ Park of San Francisco and Mr. James iginated with some ardent admirer West of San Rafael, California. It who conceived the name on some has proven to be a most excellent moonlit night when he saw the large house plant as it does not seem to white flowers swaying to and fro on be as susceptible to the attacks of their long slender stalks in the gentle red spider as other ivies when grown breezes. indoors. It branches more freely from The flower buds are slender cone­ the base than other ivies and so forms shaped, and clear pink, the fully a more compact plant. Cuttings root opened flowers are either pure white very slowly, and only in a rooting or have a faint pink or fiesh-colored medium of equal parts of sand and tint. They are borne very freely and peat moss. For this reason I have remain attractive as long as other not been able to distribute it through single varieties, especially in cool sea­ the east in order to test its hardiness. sons with little beating rain. As far as I know it is not grown in In habit of growth the tree is up­ any other part of the country except­ right, developing with age a well­ ing California. shaped and rather wide crown, with When more plants are available, I a maximum height of about twenty think it will prove to be a popular feet. The bark is brownish gray. house plant and hope that it will The very young leaves are coppery, prove reasonably hardy, at least in the appearing when the flowers are at belt as far north as Washington. This their best. is reasonable to suppose as Helix The individual flowers of Ojochin colchica has proved to be hardy as are remarkably like those of Ariake at far north as Mrs. Pinchot's garden in first glance, but in the latter variety northern Pennsylvania. the petals are not fluted, nor are the ALFRED BATES. flowers produced so freely. Further­ more, Ojochin makes a better-shaped Prum£s s e r?'~(, lata LindI: Oriental Cher­ tree, branching three to four feet ry, Ojochin (See page 141) from the ground, while in Ariake the branches are likely to arise from near Included in the rather large group the base of the trunk. of Oriental flowering cherries charac­ Ojochin is established in a few terized by having white, single flow­ places on the Pacific Coast and in one ers, is an excellent variety that for or two places in the East but it is not some unknown reason has not yet be­ as generally gl'own as it should be come well known, although it has and is offered by only a very few much in its favor. nurseries. PAUL RUSSELL. While actually the flowers are SI11- Washington, D. C.

.. Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 139

Lilian A. G1ten~sey [See page 1371 Rhodode'l1d1'on yedoense var. p01lkhanense , 140 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936

Coreo psis auricu.lata , flowering perennial that combines well with N epeta Souv. de Andre Chaud­ In this species we have another na­ ron and with Verbena canadensis. An­ tive of the United States found grow­ other pleasing combination is C. aU1,ic ­ ing from Virginia to Florida, yet rare­ nlata with Salvia farinacea and Eupa­ ly offered in the trade al:d not. well t01,i1,£111 coelest·inum. When consider­ known. Like so many of Its famIly it ing an all yellow effect a grouping of seems to be found more abundantly in C. gmndifiom, Oenothem Young~i, the open fields where the soil is not Papaver a1'Ctic~m1 and C ol'eopsis mwic­ very fertile and it is in the full sur:­ ulata would make a spectacular mass lio-ht. Bailey's Standard Cyclopedia here at one time. It could be followed of Horticulture does not mention this by the yellow heleniums, Zinnia Gold­ species but does mention the related en Queen, Marigold, Guinea Gold C. pubescens which grows much taller and chrysanthemums R. Marion Hat­ and differs in foliage and flowers. ton and Yellow Gem. This would give My experience with C. mwiculata a complete yellow section in a border has been most favorable during the until frost. three years I have been growing it. In the rock garden C. aUl'iculata can It took two years to discover the cor­ be planted in conjunction with Laven­ rect name under which to list this dula vem Munstead, Hypericum Mo­ most acceptable find and I am much seriamm1, but perhaps it would be pleased therefore to introduce it now better in the smaller rock garden with to gardening friends. H ypericw/'1I, 1'epens and C e1'Gtostig117~ C. a~wiculata makes a tufted rosette plu11lbaginoides. Chiem11thns Allwm of basal leaves usually oval sometimes in its later flowering would also give lobed at the base. The principal flow­ an effect that would not go unnoticed. erino- stem has from two to four small- h T o this grouping might also be added er leaves from the base of which come Asclepias tube1'osa. the later flowers. The flowering stalk To make

"'J

E. L. C1'alldall [See page 138) 01'iental Che1'ry, Ojochin

One-half nat~l1'al size 142 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936

Azaleas" (Macmillan 1936). late frosts and to blossom ail: a time This cross seems to possess some when it has the whole show to itself as far as rhododendrons are con­ characters worthy of note although 111 most respects it is intermediate. It cerned. is not an "azaleodendron" in s.pite of A teJ:l1perature of 22 degrees below the fact that R. 11l/;uc1'onulatu1QIL is often zero (Fahrenheit) during the winter listed as an azalea which it definitely of 1933-34 injured neither the plants is not. Its botanical affinity is un­ or the buds when much injury was doubtedly with the lepidote rhododen­ noticeable to the buds of R. carolinia­ drons, possessing the typical scales of nu11'L. These traits lead one to hope this group, together with aromatic that R. Conewago will prove a reliable bark and fo liage which, common and regular performer under our most among the lepidotes, is certainly not adverse conditions. characteristic of the azalea series of The pink form of R. caroli11ianu1II£ the Genus Rhodudendron. Therefore, was used in making this cross and it seems that Rhododend1'on X Cone­ for some reason was more successful wago is a hybrid of two lepidote rho­ than a hybrid from the white form dodendrons of fairly dose relationship (R. ca1'olinianu1n var. alb'llt11'L) pro­ and the noticeably increased vigor of duced at the same time which lacked the I<\ seedlings over either parent vigor and died without opening a tends to support this view. single flower. However, I feel that Also all hybrids of R. 11I£UCrOJ7.1Itla­ a hybrid of R. 1nUC1'01l£UZatm'n with tum with azaleas of the obtusum group R. CG1'oli11ia11U1n var. albu,m, should that have flowered here are quite succeed and that my failure in this sterile producing neither pollen nor instance was not · due to any inherent seeds whereas the subject of these specific incompatabilioty, but to some notes produces both pollen and seeds other cause--cultural perhaps. in abundance. The leaves are larger Very little vanatlOn is evident than those of either parent and some among the first generation seedlings are retained through the winter al­ of R. Conewago but future genera­ though its evergreen qualities are not tions should produce variants that so good as R. ca1'oliniamml£, but that may be worthwhile. portion of the foliage that falls in While my success has not been autumn first assumes brilliant hues phcnominal, summer cut6ngs seem to of yellow, orange, scarlet and crimson. be the most effective method of clonal The flowers are more nearly the color propagation. A fair percentage gen­ of the seed parent R. ca1'oliniamf.11'L but erally root. The plant habit is rather are larger and have ruffled margins. too upright for prolific layering and The fact that the flower buds are the ponticum stocks so universally borne in the axils of the terminal used for grafting would be quite in­ cluster of leaves in groups generally compatible on account of the rather numbering three to eight, which on di stant relationship. Even among opening have the appearance of a closely related rhododendrons I feel single large truss helps to make this that grafting is a practice [Q be hybrid an attractive bit of color in avoided whenever possible, and that early spring when flowering some­ plants grown on their own roots are whate later than R . 111b'lltC1'onulat'll£11'L it much to be preferred. seems to be consistently able to evade Primary interspecific crosses of any Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 143

Lilian A . Cnenlsey [See page 140J Hybrid Rhododend1' O/'l ) C o1'le' W ag 0 Apr., 1936 144 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE importance whatever in any genus ti-ies moisture and full sun he usually should by all nleans be recorded, for has mechanical difficulties. if in time the mating proves to be U nd{)ubtedly farther North the pre­ of merit and is used in further breed­ scribed conditions would be best, but ing am:ong species or garden hybrids, here, a well-drained soil, plenty of or i.f selection and crossing inter se sun, even moisture and most impor­ is practiced the plant breeders' work tant of all, an annual replanting seem will not only be more simplified but to be required. The plant is worth no doubt can be more systematically it for it is one of the flattest of creep­ planned when accurate records of ing plants and does not contribute to ancestry are available. the general humpiness that makes so Hence these notes on R. Conewago, many rock gardens a chaotic mass. which has been very sparingly dis­ seminated at this time, and which Clethm aln-ifolia L. (See page 146) needs a more thorough garden trial to prove its final worth. The delightful fragrance of the sweet pepper bush fills the air in late JOSEPH B. GABLE. Stewartstown, Pa. summer in the same fashion that wild grape, black locust and Japanese Vero11'iw repe1H DC (See page 145) honeysuckle perfume it earlier in the year, with moving waves of scent. There may be places where this So delicious is the fragrance that one Corsican plant, strangely hardy to our is a little surprised at the flowers cold, does all that it should do, but from w.hich i-t is exhaled. this far south it has many off sea­ The plant makes a fair sized shrub sons. With the best of luck, newly of very erect growth that spreads by bought or newly divided plants set underground stems until a thicket is out in late summer spread into fiat formed. Complaints are sometimes mats of slender prostrate stems, sym­ heard on this score, but in the gar­ metrically lined with -characteristic den here, there is no wish that its leaves that make an excellent pattern. confines be smaller. These are not much damaged by the The fo liage is rather handsome and winter but if at all , the whole is turns yellowish in the autumn with quickly green again in spring to form some rusty tinting. a green background for the myriads The whole glory of the plant, how­ of gray-white, blue-veined flowers, ever, is in its flowering. The stiff that tumble off with the slightest HO'W·er racemes grow on almost every wind-to be replaced by others almost twig and branch, the individual flow­ as swiftly. ers a rather dull white that shows a Here, if the plants are left alone, faint greenish tone in the inflorescence the centers of the masses die away, a:s a whole. But, the flowers might leaving irregular patches of growth. be wholly green and still be cherished The usual comment in texts is that fo r the perfume and their late flower­ this plant prefers a moist soil and mg. will endure considerable shade. In this part of the nlid-South, this is poor Silene pe1'b1~sylvanica Michx. advice, for if one combines moisture and shade, the plants are first feeble This is a handsome Eastern native in growth and then decay, and if one that is perhaps too often taken for Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 145

Michael Can'on [See page 1441 V (,1' onica 1'ep e·ns 146 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936

Lilian A . C7I ernse3' [See page 144] C lethra all'lifolia Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 147

JVJ.i. cha l' l Canon [See page 1481 Salvia p'ratensis 148 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936 granted. In the Potomac Valley it is blue purple and a minority of reddish common enough, so that one can bring violet that would be much more trea­ in roots for the garden without mis­ sured if the bluer forms had not been giving. As they occur naturally in a seen. moist woodland soil of an enviable Like many other sages it seeds free­ blackl~ess and depth, they were planted ly and one need not undertake special on the edges of a scree in a deep soil arrangements for its propagation. Like made of the native earth to which had other sages, also, it resents too much been added as generous amount of leaf moisture about the crown in late au­ {:ompost as could be spared with tumn and winter, a condition likely enough coarse sand to insure drainage. to end its garden life that is not in­ N ow yearly the increasing crowns definitely perennial at best. send up larger rosettes of their typi­ cal narrow leaves, that are hidden in Pentste11l0n hi'rsutus \iVilld. (See page season by the six inch flowering stalks. 149) N eariy all the forms hereabouts are To those fortunate gardeners who pale flesh pinks, although none are so can grow with ease and abandon the pale as Silene W he1'1'yi, and the deep­ pentstemons native to the Rocky Moun­ er pink forms seem missing altogether. tain Plateau or the Pacific Coast They add therefore a color note, as states, no Eastern pentstemon can look useful as white, in the general motley like very much of a garden plant. For of spring bloom. the Easterner, however, who has seen the more precious species languish, and Salvia pmte)'lSis L. (See page 147) who wallts a plant to fill the gap in After the more delicate flowers Qf the border after some earlier peren­ spl'ing many of the summer blooming nials and before the summer masses perennials seem even more robust and of phlox, this species and P. laeviga­ splendid than they are, so that one tus are 110t to be despised. looks for supplementary species and This species makes dense tufts of varieties, showy in themselves, but not luxuriant basal leaves that are tinged so obvious, that will make the proper with dull red and purplish crimson undertone of interest in the mixed her­ during the cold months of the year. baceous border. Among such plants From these ascend the flowering stalks one might well include this J uly­ as the illustration shows. On the dry blooming sage-in one or more of its bank where these were growing the color form. flower stalks Were about eighteen From its more or less fleshy roots inches tall, but in a garden border the plant produces first a basal rosette they were a little taller. of rather coarse but handsome leaves, The flowers are of fair size and ap­ often quite decorative enough to merit pear almost tubular as the reflexing use, above which develop the branch­ calyx lobes are not so large as in ing flowering stalks with their smaller some other species. In color they are leaves and tier after tier of whorled a rather dull white with a tinting of flowers. The individual flowers are purplish pink toward the base of the large and of a shape clearly shown in corolla tube. the illustration. The color forms here Perhaps the time will come when have always been a majority of deep some enterprising gardener will ex- Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 149

J1![ichae! Carroll [See page 148] P e1'ltstemO'l'/ hi1'sutns ]50 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936 amme field after field in nature and difficult to provide proper protection find a few individuals perhaps whiter for winter since top growth is usually in colO1' or with larger lobes, than can started with autumn rains. be perpetuated for garden use. As for other pentstemons one should Two Native Spider worts not provide too rich a soil or too much Tmdesca·ntia subaspem Ker-Gawl. moisture if he wants even relatively (See page 152) long life. Seed and division are both T. canal-iwlata Raf. (See page 153 ) easy. It is with some misgiving that these S paTaxis tricolo1' Ker. (See page 151) notes are included since there is al­ ways the challce that the material N ow that South African plants are grown, having been collected in the so well discussed, the Gardener's Pock­ wild, does not represent exactly the etbook must include a species or two species in its purest sense. As garden to be in the mode, even if one remem­ plants these are most worthwhile and bers that South African plants have it seems likely that all our species are several times before in the history of worth more attention than they get. gardening had a place in the sun. Of course, acquaintance usually be­ Californians, whose climate permits, gins with the common and familiar T. will and should feel differently since virgtmana now undergoing many often their best hulbous effects must changes in the hands of foreign nur­ come from other bulbs and corms than serymen. In spite of many aspersions are familiar elsewhere. Were the pres­ cast by visiting gardeners, these re­ ent reporter living in that State, he ll1ain valued garden plants for shady would consider sparaxis only as a spots where their fugitive flowers last variant to ixia which he likes even far longer. better. A list of collected native plants from In the East it is a pot plant for the Texas brought to my attention T. Te ­ cool greenhouse. The corms can be fl exa now more properly called T. ca­ packed into a generous pot just as nalic1i.lata. It has persisted in the gar­ one might plant freesias. A similar den long enough and through enough treatment should foll ow. When bad winters that there can be no ques­ brought into flowering, the masses of tion of its hardiness. It has not, how­ grassy leaves will be accompanied by ever, ahandoned itself to the riotous slightly taller stalks with brilliant flow­ living that other species enjoy. It is a ers. Although the color range is re­ question, therefore, whether the plant ported as wide, the usual colors have is hardy or is merely misplaced in its been orange, stopped by a pattern in present location. warm blackish brown, above a clear The picture indicates its habit and and brilliant yellow throat. As can be size. The color in this plant is a fine seen from the illustration the amount clear blue lavender. and shape of the dark pattern varies The other species, once called pilosa in different plants. but now s~(,baspeTa , shows no reluc­ Since this is a sprin g-flowering tances. Its seedlings appear in every plant it is somewhat difficult to keep corner and its tall stalks if bent will the corms in safe storage for spring root at every node. The flowers of planting and in regions of cold winters this plant are much smaller than those Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 151

Lil-ian A. G'nerllsey [See page 150] S pamxis tricolor 152 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936

Lilian A. GlIel'1lSe)1 [See page 150] Tmdescantia s~£baspera Apr., 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 153

Lilian A. Gnerl/sey [See page 1501 Tradescantia canaliculata 154 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1936

Lilian A . GlIernsl!'J' [See page 1561' Syl'i'l1ga l'efiexa Apr, 1936 THE NAT_roNAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 155

Lilian A, C11enlSey [See page 156J Syr-in,r;a 156 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL :MAGAZINE Apr., 1936 of the Virginia spiderwort, but there are thinner and a slightly more yellow are many more of them and they are green. Its flowers are much more borne in all the upper axils of the privet-like and not particularly sweet leaves, making a fine showing up and scented. down the stalks. It flowers later in Its chief value, perhaps is not as a the season and continues well past species to extend the lilac procession mid-summer. Here, it has spread on as much as an individual small flower­ dry slopes under light shade so that ing tree than can be used as a speci­ no extra moisture seems necessary. men among deciduous trees that have flowered earlier in the season and are Two Lilac Species now without particular interest. Our other species is quite as differ­ S')winga amure11sis japol1ica (Ma.1,;­ ent in its way and it is regretted that i11'l) Franeh-. et S avo (See page we do not have an even better picture 155) to show. The chief objection to our SY1'inga reflexa Sehn. (See page illustration is the carriage of the flow­ 154) ers which were taken from the upper As gardeners are beginning to dis­ shoots of a rather young plant and do cover there are lilacs and lilacs, and not show the characteristic drooping in addition most of -the lilacs differ habit of the inflorescence that calls to radically from the familiar common mind the buddleia. lilac of the dooryard with claims of In color the buds are purplish rose their own on our attention and affec­ but the flowers open to a much paler, tion. pinker hue. The fragrance is faint The Japanese tree lilac flowers much and quite unlike that of the common later than the common lilac or the lilac. Like many o,ther species lilacs, more commonly cultivated species. Its this looks its best after the plant is dimensions and habit are much more fairly mature and well furnished with tree-like than even the oldest, most flowering shoots to insure an abundant arborescent common lilac. Its leaves flowering. April, 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE

BROAD­ LEAVED EVERGREENS From the Highlands of the Carolinas Gardens of the B lue Ridge are H eadquarters for Hardy Na.tive American Plants. Our sliPply in both nur se l' y~g ro\\'n and collected woods-grown is l6Jlre suffi cient to supply the demand. Azalas, Leucothoe, Kalmia, Rhodod endrO'ns. An­ dromedas. Orchids, Vines. Climbers, Cree pers. Ferns, Lliliums. Trilliums, Di ce ntras, and hun­ dreds of other s of tried and tested merit are grown and carried in large supply, Our 42 years' practical experience. Quali t)t, Qu anti ty, variety. low price 2nd unequalled organization are at your i:om mand. Complete catalogue and Surplus list wi ll be sent on reQu est. E. C. ROBBINS Gardens of the Blue Ridge Ashford, North Carolina

Only F ifty Cent s for the Seven Styles • of Gorgeous Garden Orchids (Iris): Frill ed, Bicolor, Blend, Amoena, Plicata, HE American Iris Society, since its Self, Variegata. Plants lobeled and post­ paid. F older Free. T organization in 1920, has published 54 Bulletins which cover every phase of A. B. KATKAMIER iris growing and should be useful to all Macedon New York gardeners. The Society has copies of all BREEDER AND GROWER OF THE but three of these Bulletins for sale. A circular giving list of contents of each Bul­ FINEST DAFFODILS letin, price, etc., may be secured from the Catalog sent on request Secretary, B. Y. Morrison, 821 Washing­ ton Loan & Trust Bldg., Washington, D : C. EDWIN C. POWELL In order to dispose of surplus stocks Rockville, R. F. D. No.2 Maryland of some numbers we offer 6 Bulletins (our selection) for $1.00.

Rare Native Plants from the Through an endowment given as a me­ "Land of the Sky" morial to the late Bertrand H . Farr the American Iris Society is able to offer free Stewartia malacodendroll Pachystima canbyi to all Garden Clubs or Horticultural So­ Franklinia alatamaha Shortia galacifolia cieties the use of our traveling library. Clinopodium Phlox nivalis carolinianum Gentiana Cuthbertia graminea porphyrio This library con tains all books ever pub­ lished on Iris and a complete file of the - Catalog Free bulletins of this society and The English NIK-NAR NURSERY Iris Society, and miscellaneous pamphlets. Biltmore Station Asheville, N. C. The library may be borrowed for one month without charge except the actual express charges. Organizations desiring RARE ENGLISH it should communicate with the nearest of the following offices:

FLOWER SEEDS Horticultural Society of New York, 1936 1'lluslrated catalog1~e, the most compre­ 598 Madison Avenue, N ew York City hensive ever pU!bli shed, nearly 200 pages, over 4,500 different kinds of fl ower seeds Mrs. Katherine H . Leigh, described, including an up-to-date coll ection Missouri Botanic Garden, St. Louis, Mo. of Delphi'·lIi1.mls and L t~p · i 1'les and a large selection of H ej"baceous and Rock Plants. S.ydney B. Mitchell, School of Librarianship, Free on application to Berkeley, Calif. THOMPSON AND MORGAN IPSWICH, ENGLAND 11 T H E NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE April, 1936 Extensive collection ---of rare and beautiful ~ ~ Alpine Plants YOUR PATRONAGE All t ested a s to ha rdiness an d des ira bilit y for R ock Gardens . OF OUR ADVERTISERS Selection s of pla nts fo r climat ic condition s in a ll pa rts of th e country . MEANS PROSPERITY Free catalogu e on how t o have CO NTIN UOUS BLOOM in the rock g arden. TO THE MAGAZINE CRONAMERE ALPINE NURSERIES, INC.

Shore Road, Greens Farms, Conn. The advertisers herein are (Potted) for dealers with a high reputa­ TREE PEONIES Spring Planting Japanese Flowering Cherries, Flower­ tion for quality material ing Crabapples, and other specialties. Ask for Catalog A and square dealing. Give C!~~~~S C~;~DL~A them your orders and do &'1g; not fail to mention the HYBRID DAY LILIES Magazine. Amar yllis 35 ct s., B a l deley $2.50, Bay S ta t e, 50 cts., Cress ida 75 ct s., D . D. W yman 75 cts., F lava ] . S. ELMS, Advt. MgT. Major 35 c ts., Gold.eni 50 cts., Hyper ion $1.00, I m ­ per a tor $1.50, J. A. Crawford 75 cts., J. R. Mann KENSINGTON, MARYLAND 50 ct s ., Ophir $1. 00, Sir Michael Foster $1.00. fiSHER FLOWERS Germantown Tennessee CACTI of Ironclad hardiness BE SELFISH With your Magazine Write for list. • • • Colorado Springs Colorado THE VERY NEXT TIME yom NEW AND RARE friend or neighbor wishes to bor­ Species of Rhododendron row your magazine, make that Many of these have beel' g rown d ir ectly fr om seeds collected in W est China, Thibet a nd ad ­ time the starting point of an argu­ jacent territory. L ist o n request . ment to bring him in ~o the mem­ JOS. B. GABLE bership of the So€iety and end it 'ttewartstown Pennsylva n ia by forwarding his application and The Glen Road Iris Gardens dues to Mr. C. C. Thomas, Secre­ OFFER NEW INTRODUCTIONS and a critical selection of tary, 211 Spruce Street, Takoma STANDARD VARIETIES Park, Maryland. Your wan t list will recei ve prompt attention GRACE STURTEVANT • • • WELLESLEY FARMS, MASS. With your Magazine SEEDS OF RAREST FLOWERS Gathered from the four corners of the earth. BE A thousand u nus ual kinds tha t w ill make your garden differ ent and delightful. Alpines, W ild fl owers, Aqua t ics, B ulbs. W rite Dept. B2 for SELFISH most inter esting cata log . REX. D. PEARCE MERCHANTVILLE, N. J . April, 1936 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE iii

THE NEW PEONY SUPPLEMENT

ESIRING to bring the peony manual up to date a supplement has D been prepared by that eminent authority on the peony, Professor A. P. Saunders. To those who do not have the peony manual, we desire to advise that there will be no advance in price of the book with the supplement bound in. The present price of ~3.15 delivered is still in effect and will bring you the greatest amount of peony information possible to secure in one volume. Over 250 new ratings are shown, in addition to other information of value. To those desiring the supplement only, a price of 50 cents will cover a copy. Keep posted on the new ratings as they will be a helpful guide in making your fall purchases.

All orders will be filled promptly upon receipt of remittance sent to,

w. F. Christman, Secretary, AMERICAN PEONY SOCIETY Northbrook, Ill.

T HERE are nearly 4,000 Institutions of pure and applied botany. There are between 60,000 and 70,000 botanists, horticultural research work­ ers, etc. There are about 1,000 periodicals con­ eerned with plant science! How can you keep in touch with all this activity? How can you find out what other botanists, horticulturists, agronomists, etc., are doing and what new work they are planning? CHRONICA BOTANICA will help you. Subscribe to it and help with the compilation of the next volume. All directors of institutions and sec· or Secretaries, who do not receive our retaries of societies will receive a copy Autumn Bulletin, which will reach of our questionnaire at the beginning them annually before Oct. 15th, are of December of each year. Replies kindly requested to acquaint us of the should reach the Editor-in-Chief, Dr. fact at their earliest convenience, which F. Verdoorn, Leiden, Holland, not later will enable us to include them in our than January 30th, as it will generally mailing list, and will ensure their re­ be impossible to make use of informa­ ceiving a copy of the questionnaire in tion received after that date. Directors December.

Prospectus, sample pages and further information may be had from the EDITORIAL AND PUBLISIDNG OFFICE, P. O. Box 8, Leidp.n, Holland. l V THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE April,1936 'Vhe American Daffodil Yearbook ••• The members of the American Horticultural Society are invited 'or order now from the office of the Secretary, 821 Washington Loan and Trust Building, Washington, D . C. Please note that this is a special publication and is not included in ? our annual subscription. The 1936 edition is even better than that of 1935, of which some copies are still available. PRICE FIFTY CENTS If you don't grow daffodils you need it; if you do, you cannot afford to be without it.

Application for Membership

I desire to be admitted to ...... •.. " ...•...... •... membership in THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL

SOCIETY. Remittance of $ ...... is enclosed of which the sum of $2.00 is for a year's subscription to the National Horticultural Magazine.

Name ...... ,., ...... , ...... , ...... , ...... , ......

Address.""" """""".,,,,,,,,,., ,,,, ...... , ...... ,.,.,.,., ... ,""" ... .

Special interest"""" ..... " .... " .... """"""".""".".""" .. "" .. """""..

Date" .. :"" ... "."" .. ,,,,, ."".""." .. " .. "",,, .. ,., ,,,, .,,.,,, .. ,,,, Recommended by:

Ohecks should be m

I NVITES to membership all persons who are interested in the devel­ opment of a great national society that shall serve as an ever growing center for the dissemination of the common knowledge of the members. There is no requirement for membership other than this and no reward beyond a share in the development of t~ , \ ~ ,ganization.

For its members the society pu~ l.ishes THE NATIONAL HORTICUL­ TURAL MAGAZINE, at the present time a quarterly of increasing impor­ tance among the horticultural publications of the day and destined to fill an even larger role as the society grows. It is published during the months of January, April, July and October and is written by and for members. Under the present organization of the society with special committees appointed for the furthering of "~ecial plant projects the members will receive advance material on narcissus, tulips, lilies, rock garden plants, conifers, nuts, and rhododendrons. Membership in the society, therefore, brings one the advantages of membership in many societies. In addition to these special projects, the usual garden subjects are covered and particuL r attention is paid to new or little known plants that are hot commonly C: ' "cribed elsewhere. The American Horticultural Society invites not only personal mem­ berships but affiliations with horticultu:'al societies and clubs. To such it offers some special inducements in memberships. Memberships are by the calendar year. The Annual Mreting of the Society is held in Washington, D. C, and members are in"ited to attend the special lectures that are given at that time. These are announced to the membership at the time of balloting. The Annual Meeting Jun.:heon will feature a lecture by Mr,. F. Stuart Foote, ((The Lure of thf Daffodil." The Narcissus Sho" , Lit the Garden Club of Virginia, ApI!! 1').16 , and of the Daffodil Club oC

Maryland, April 16-17, make this ~ I lOst important week for garderl lovers. The annual dues are three dollars the ye .. r, paya.ble m advar.:e; life membership is one hundred dollars; inquiry as to affili tion should b,. addressed to the Secretary, Mr. C C Thomas, 821 'Je' shington to:! I! ~~a~n~d~T~r~u~st~B~U~i~W~in~g~, ~w~a~S~hin~gt~o~n~~D~.~c~.~~~~~~~~~~_~