Colerain Twp Dept of Fire Ems Benchmarking Report

DEPARTMENT OF FIRE & EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES BENCHMARKING REPORT

October 2013

Prepared by:

Frank W. Cook, MPA, CFO Battalion Chief 3251 Springdale Road Colerain Township, Ohio 45251-1505

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 OVERVIEW 7 Methodology 8 AGENCY SERVICE AREA CHARACTERISTICS 10 Aging Housing and Population 11 Fire Stations and Equipment 13 FIRE SERVICE INDUSTRY STANDARDS & COMPARISONS 15 National Fire Protection Association 15 Insurance Services Office 15 Center for Public Safety Excellence 16 FIRE PROTECTION & EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES COSTS 17 AGENCY STAFFING 21 AGENCY HISTORICAL SERVICE DEMAND & PERFORMANCE 25 Demand for Service 25 Estimated Property Dollar Loss 32 AGENCY BASE SALARIES & WAGES 33 CONCLUSION 36 How Colerain Fire and EMS Compared 36 Lessons Learned 37 Opportunities to Provide Better Service or Value 39 Identified Cost Savings and Shared Services Opportunities 39 Areas that Support Being a Best in Class Fire Department Agency 39 Areas of Improvement Needed to Become a Best in Class Fire Department Agency 40 Planned Changes in 2014 as a Result of the Benchmarking Exercise 41 APPENDIX A: Surveyed Fire Departments 43 APPENDIX B: Questionnaire Instrument 45 APPENDIX C: Questionnaire Response Data 51

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES

Tables Page Table 1: Comparison of Peer Jurisdiction and Fire Protection Area 10 Table 2: General Peer Jurisdiction Demographic Information 12 Table 3: Peer Jurisdiction Housing Data and Density 13 Table 4: Comparison of Staffed Emergency Response Apparatus and Units, 2012 13 Table 5: Fire Suppression Apparatus Ratios, 2012 14 Table 6: Fire Department ISO PPC Classification Rating and Accreditation Status 16 Table 7: Comparison of Jurisdictional Approved Budgets, 2012 17 Table 8: Comparison of Agency Approved Budgets, 2012 17 Table 9: Comparison of Peer Agencies Staffing, 2012 22 Table 10: Comparison of On-Duty Uniformed Personnel per 1,000 Population, 2012 22 Table 11: Requests for Service Summary, 2012 27 Table 12: Comparison of Estimated Dollar Loss Due to Fire per Assessed Value, 2012 32

Figures Page

Figure 1: Comparison of Population and Land Area Protected 11 Figure 2: Agency Operating Budget Compared to Population, 2012 18 Figure 3: Fire Agency Appropriated Funding Cost per Capita, 2012 19 Figure 4: Comparison of Fire and Emergency Medical Services Cost per Square Mile, 2012 20 Figure 5: Comparison of Expenditure Cost per Capita, 2012 20 Figure 6: Comparison of Requests for Service Cost per Capita, 2012 21 Figure 7: Comparison of On-Duty Staffing Levels per Square Mile, 2012 23 Figure 8: Minimum On-Duty Personnel per 1,000 Population Comparison, 2012 24 Figure 9: Average On-Duty Personnel per 1,000 Population Comparison, 2012 24 Figure 10: Maximum On-Duty Personnel per 1,000 Population Comparison, 2012 25 Figure 11: Annual Requests for Service Demand Total, 2012 26 Figure 12: Daily Requests for Service Demand Total, 2012 26 Figure 13: Requests for Service Demand Total per Capita, 2012 27 Figure 14: Annual Emergency Medical Service Demand, 2012 28 Figure 15: Daily Emergency Medical Service Demand, 2012 29 Figure 16: Emergency Medical Service Request per Capita, 2012 29 Figure 17: Annual Fire Company Requests for Service Demand, 2012 30 Figure 18: Daily Fire Company Requests for Service Demand, 2012 31

iii

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES continued

Figure 19: Fire Company Service Request per Capita, 2012 31 Figure 20: Estimated Dollar Loss Due to Fire per Capita, 2012 33 Figure 21: Comparison of Fire Shift Commander Base Salaries, 2012 34 Figure 22: Comparison of Fire Company Officer Base Salaries, 2012 35 Figure 23: Comparison of Firefighter Paramedic Base Salaries, 2012 36

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Colerain Township Department of Fire and Emergency Medical Services is the sole public safety entity responsible for providing fire protection and emergency medical service to the community’s residents and visitors. The Department of Fire and EMS provides its services from five fire stations utilizing a combination system of staffing and an assortment of emergency response vehicles and equipment. In 2012, the Department of Fire and EMS responded to more than 10,600 incidents of all types or on average 29 incidents daily.

Expectations of this project were to collect quantitative and qualitative data for comparison that did not constitute an evaluation of any agency’s service delivery, capabilities or performance. The results of the data collection were summarized by means of text, figures, and detailed tables throughout the report. Where applicable, footnotes were included in the tables that reference the mathematical formulas utilized to calculate the numerical data.

The project utilized 2012 data obtained by means of interviews and a questionnaire distributed to 22 municipal fire departments regionally, statewide and nationally (Appendix A). Twenty of the questionnaires were completed and returned (91-percent response rate) as requested. The project criteria identified for data collection included: Service Area Demographics and Characteristics; Local Government Approved Budgets, and Agency Approved Budgets and Expenditures; Agency Organization Profile and Staffing; Level of Emergency Medical Service Provided; Ancillary Services Provided by Agency; Public Protection Classification and Accreditation Status; Historical Emergency Incident Activity; and 2012 Agency Salary and Wages.

The data presented displayed how Colerain’s Department of Fire and EMS ranked among other similar fire department agencies, and statistically against the mean (averages) and median.

The scope of the project was restricted to career and combination staffed fire departments that provide fire protection, advanced life support emergency medical and transport services and other functions or services similar to Colerain’s Department of Fire and EMS. The submitted

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

data was reviewed and the following 10 peer agencies were selected for the final benchmarking comparison: Anderson Township, Hamilton County, Ohio Fire & Rescue; City of Covington, Kenton County, Kentucky Fire Department; Green Township, Hamilton County, Ohio Fire & Emergency Medical Services Department; City of Hamilton, Butler County, Ohio Fire Department; Jackson Township, Stark County, Ohio Fire Department; Lisle-Woodridge, Dupage County, Illinois Fire Protection District; City of Mentor, Lake County, Ohio Fire Department; City of Milford, New Haven County, Connecticut Fire Department; Pike Township, Marion County, Indiana Fire Department; and West Chester Township, Butler County, Ohio Fire Department.

How Colerain Fire and EMS Compared

In 2012, Colerain Fire and EMS compared favorably when measured against the selected peer fire department agencies. The statistics had several areas which were outside the means, and in some cases at the moderate ends of the comparable data reported. Colerain was above the mean jurisdictional population by 4.5-percent and 46.4-percent greater than the mean land area protected of the comparable jurisdictions. It had the same amount of fire stations compared to the mean of its peer agencies; however each Colerain station covered 36.5- percent more land area than the sampling mean. Colerain had one more engine company than the mean, but a similar mean number of ladder and rescue companies, and emergency medical transport units as the other agencies. The request for service per thousand population was 28.6-perceent greater than the mean of the comparables. Colerain’s mean on-duty daily staffing was 30-percent above the mean while the mean number of firefighters and emergency medical technicians per square mile of the jurisdiction land area protected was in the lower 40-percent of the peer agencies. Finally, of note is that Colerain’s 2012 approved budget was 3.4-percent below the mean of the comparable agencies.

Lessons Learned

By looking outward, Colerain Fire and EMS examined the similar services of peer agencies and learned the following lessons from the benchmarking exercise: A demonstration of the strengths and weaknesses of agencies in comparison to others. Through shared experiences agencies can identify best practices from each other that can then be implemented within their own agency. The benchmarking process must become an ongoing, integral part of the improvement process with the goal of continually improving the services it provides. The major benefit of benchmarking is that the things we’ve benchmark seem to get accomplished; if we cannot see success or identify failure, we cannot learn from or improve it.

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Finally, faced with the challenges of a strained economy, the fire department will need to establish methods to demonstrate results and needs. For any public sector agency, it will be difficult to obtain and sustain support for continued funding and additional needed resources.

Opportunities to Provide Better Service or Value

As a result of the benchmarking exercise, the following potential opportunities for value-added services by the fire department include: Home safety inspections; Health fairs attended by fire department representatives ; Injury prevention programs; Neighborhood wellness programs; Unused prescription drug disposal; Neighborhood meetings attended by fire department representatives; Citizen's Emergency Response Training; and Programs designed to market the department’s programs and services.

Potential benefits for the citizens and visitors: Additional risks reduction education; Greater confidence in the fire department; Familiarity of station personnel. Increased knowledge of available programs; and Added value without added cost.

Some potential positive aspects for the Department of Fire and EMS are: Increase in knowledge of response areas; Greater support from citizens; Identification of potential hazards; and Ongoing fire safety education.

Identified Cost Savings and Shared Services Opportunities

As a result of the initial focus of the benchmarking project, no additional or new dramatic cost- saving or shared service approaches or opportunities from the peer fire department agencies were identified. However, a continuation of the analysis could help to identify opportunities for cost savings and shared services. Nonetheless, the Department will continue to make every effort to stretch tax dollars and increase our creativity in providing essential fire and emergency medical services.

Areas that Support Being a Best in Class Fire Department Agency

1. Unparalleled Experience throughout our Ranks – the level of experience from the firefighter to chief officer rank that is unparalleled in the region.

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

2. Organizational Drive to Deliver Exceptional Customer Service – the prevailing attitude throughout the organization is to exceed customer expectations in everything we do. 3. Unequalled Training Program to Assure Highest Service Level Possible – a training and education approach that is unequalled in the region. 4. Most Extensive EMS Quality Assurance Program in the Region – the program provides the assurance that the performance of the EMS providers who operate under the medical director’s supervision and authority meet acceptable standards of care and minimal competency. 5. Highest Insurance Services Office (ISO) Numerical Rating in Region – the Department of Fire and EMS has the highest ISO numerical rating score in the area and its ISO score ranks the department in the upper one-percent nationally.

Areas of Improvement Needed to Become a Best in Class Fire Department Agency

1. Continue to improve services to achieve a lower Insurance Services Office (ISO) fire insurance rating; this has the potential to provide for lower cost of fire insurance in the community. 2. Pursue fire department accreditation status. Accreditation through the Commission on Fire Service Accreditation International (CFSAI) and the Center for Public Safety Excellence (CPSE) is a worldwide measure of excellence. 3. Progress as an organization to continually meet the needs and demands of the community, citizens and visitors by means of monitoring trends within and throughout the fire service to improve efficiency and effectiveness; and measure the department’s performance against established standards and adjust to meet those standards. 4. Promote community risk reduction programs and strategies as a fundamental means to preserve our community. Community risk reduction programs have the potential to directly impact the safety of firefighters, citizens and visitors.

Planned Changes in 2014 as a Result of the Benchmarking Exercise

Marketing for the Department of Fire and EMS will be an ongoing initiative that will specifically address the key stakeholder groups and customize messaging and key communication points for each stakeholder. The Department is committed to identifying and implementing available sources of revenue in order to fund operational and capital improvements, and to lessen the burden of its operations on the tax payer. The Department will seek to capture additional revenues through the enhanced reimbursable services and available grants (federal, public and private). The Department is committed to providing consistent, high-quality services to the public. Within this context the Department will routinely examine its operations and seek to identify strategies which contain or reduce costs without reducing service levels.

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

As the cost of government services and funding challenges increase, the Department recognizes the necessity of minimizing unplanned expenditures. The Department is committed to developing a sound plan which will allow for the timely improvement and replacement of capital assets and infrastructure. The Department of Fire and EMS will continue to work with the Board of Trustees, Township Administration and Departments, the Financial Advisory Committee and other local and regional stakeholders to ensure policy development and decision making for the Department results in the appropriate local control, operational effectiveness and cost containment necessary to sustain the emergency services delivery system.

Our ability to collect the data for this project was greatly enhanced by the high level of cooperation and support provided by those involved. The assistance provided during the course of our work from staff internal and external of the fire department was vital to our ability to conduct this project. The efforts of these individuals in providing data, participating in interviews, and providing feedback were essential to a successful project. We would like to express our appreciation to all individuals who participated in this project for the time and courtesy extended to us throughout the project effort and for their input. It is with expectation that the information contained in this report will be utilized to its fullest extent, and that its content will afford the Township and fire department leadership the opportunity to engage in timely and productive policy discussions on the future of the fire department.

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

OVERVIEW

The leadership of Colerain Township local government’s approval and investment of resources in the Department of Fire and Emergency Medical Services (Department of Fire and EMS) are intended to ensure that there is continuous adequate fire protection and emergency medical incident response coverage in all areas of the community. To place a fire department’s operation or performance in perspective, it is helpful to compare the agency with other fire department agencies that share similar characteristics. In light of the importance of the services provided by the Department of Fire and EMS, the Township’s leadership tasked its agency to inter- departmentally compare itself with other best in class fire department agencies by means of benchmarking. Agency or jurisdictional comparisons can be challenging to interpret as there may be many variables. No two agencies or jurisdictions are exactly alike in terms of emergency incident volume, agency staffing, budgetary characteristics, geographic size and features, community demographics serviced, agency or governmental organization and services provided. Many agencies and jurisdictions, however, do share some similar qualities that are useful for comparison. While these comparisons are not direct indicators of performance, they can provide a valuable function in assessing an agency in relation to the performance of its peers. It is useful to determine whether an agency is at the polar ends of a scale or somewhere in the middle, and it can be especially useful in identifying the reasons that others may be more efficient in performing the same operations. This direct comparison can identify strengths or weaknesses and also suggest areas for improvement.

The Colerain Township Department of Fire and Emergency Medical Services (Colerain Fire and EMS) is a full-service provider of fire suppression, advanced life support (ALS) paramedic service and ambulance transport services, technical rescue, water rescue, hazardous materials response, community risk reduction and education (i.e., life safety code enforcement, fire incident investigations and prevention), and regional emergency medical technician and firefighter education and training programs. Colerain Fire and EMS serves a population of approximately 58,499 within a geographic area of approximately 43.2 square miles. In addition to serving Colerain Township, the department provides contract first responder emergency medical services to Springfield Township’s Pleasant Run Farms neighborhood. In 2012, Colerain Fire and EMS responded to over 10,600 fire, emergency medical, rescue and public service incidents and conducted public prevention and safety education presentations to thousands of students and adults.

Colerain Fire and EMS, one of the best rated fire departments in the state, functions as a public safety entity for the residents and visitors of Colerain Township. Fire protection and emergency medical services (EMS) are provided from five fire stations using the following compliment of companies and units: five engine companies staffed with a combination of four crossed-trained firefighters-emergency medical technicians: basic and paramedics; one ladder company staffed with five firefighters-emergency medical technicians; and five ambulances staffed with two firefighter-emergency medical technicians: paramedics. Colerain Fire and EMS also has several specialty units utilized for technical rescue and hazardous materials response, water rescue response, and mobile water supply for areas without fire hydrants. As previously indicated, all uniformed fire personnel are trained and certified as emergency medical technicians.

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Approximately 125 (out of a total of 192 uniformed personnel) or 65-percent possess paramedic certification.

Colerain Fire and EMS was compared by means of benchmarking with several other best in class fire department agencies providing municipal fire protection and emergency medical services as a method of ascertaining its relative position with respect to service area, budgeting, staffing, workload and salaries. In this context, benchmarking is a management tool used to collect quantitative and qualitative data, and identify best practices in fire department agencies that provide services or perform functions either the same as, or similar to, the services or functions provided or performed by Colerain Fire and EMS. The results of the benchmarking collection of data are summarized within this document.

Methodology

The project utilized 2012 data obtained by means of questionnaires initially distributed to 22 fire departments regionally, statewide and nationally (Appendix A). Twenty of the questionnaires were completed and returned (91-percent response rate) as requested. Copies of the questionnaire instrument and agency responses are included as Appendix B and Appendix C. The submitted data was reviewed and 10 peer agencies were selected for the final benchmarking comparison. Publicly available resources were also utilized to obtain demographic and budgetary data (e.g., jurisdictional and agency annual reports, 2010 U.S. Census estimates, Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports, etc.). All information was confirmed through data provided by each relevant peer. Because the jurisdictions and agencies had complexities that could not be completely understood by reviewing the questionnaire data alone, telephone interviews were periodically conducted with representatives to obtain specific information regarding their fire and EMS services.

The scope of this project was restricted to career and combination staffed fire departments that provide municipal fire protection, advanced life support emergency medical and transport services, and other characteristics similar to Colerain Fire & EMS.

The following project criteria were identified for data collection: Service Area Demographics and Characteristics; Local Government Budgets, and Agency Approved Budgets and Expenditures; Agency Organization Profile and Staffing; Level of Emergency Medical Service Provided; Ancillary Services Provided by Agency; Public Protection Classification and Accreditation Status; Historical Emergency Incident Activity; and 2012 Agency Salary and Wages.

The collected data was entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to produce descriptive statistics [i.e., Average (Mean) and Median] that are presented in the comparison tables and figures that were calculated without Colerain Fire & EMS included, but shown for assessment and comparison purposes. Where applicable, footnotes were included in the tables that reference

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

the mathematical formulas utilized to calculate the numerical data. The data presented shows how Colerain Fire and EMS ranks among other similar fire department agencies, and against the means and medians.

The following provides an introduction to the selected peer fire department agencies included in this project: Anderson Township, Hamilton County, Ohio Fire & Rescue provides fire protection and advanced life support (ALS) ambulance and emergency medical services to an approximate area of 31.2-square miles using an all career system of staffing of four fire stations serving an approximate population of 43,857 residents. City of Covington, Kenton County, Kentucky Fire Department provides fire protection and ALS ambulance and emergency medical services to an approximate area of 13.7- square miles using an all career system of staffing of five fire stations serving an approximate population of 40,640 residents. Green Township, Hamilton County, Ohio Fire & Emergency Medical Services Department provides fire protection and ALS ambulance and emergency medical services to an approximate area of 27.9-square miles using a combination (career and part-time) system of staffing of four fire stations serving an approximate population of 58,370 residents. City of Hamilton, Butler County, Ohio Fire Department provides fire protection and ALS ambulance and emergency medical services to an approximate area of 22.1-square miles using an all career system of staffing of five fire stations serving an approximate population of 62,477 residents. Jackson Township, Stark County, Ohio Fire Department provides fire protection and ALS ambulance and emergency medical services to an approximate area of 37.1-square miles using a combination system of staffing of five fire stations serving an approximate population of 40,373 residents. Lisle-Woodridge, Dupage County, Illinois Fire Protection District provides fire protection and ALS ambulance and emergency medical services to the Village of Lisle, the Village of Woodridge and some unincorporated areas of Dupage County encompassing an approximate area of 32-square miles using an all career system of staffing of five fire stations serving an approximate population of 70,000 residents. City of Mentor, Lake County, Ohio Fire Department provides fire protection and ALS ambulance and emergency medical services to an approximate area of 28-square miles using an all career system of staffing of five fire stations serving an approximate population of 47,023 residents. City of Milford, New Haven County, Connecticut Fire Department provides fire protection and ALS ambulance and emergency medical services to an approximate area of 23.4-square miles using an all career system of staffing of four fire stations serving an approximate population of 56,424 residents. Pike Township, Marion County, Indiana Fire Department provides fire protection and ALS ambulance and emergency medical services to an approximate area of 44.1-square

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

miles using an all career system of staffing of five fire stations serving an approximate population of 77, 895 residents. West Chester Township, Butler County, Ohio Fire Department provides fire protection and ALS ambulance and emergency medical services to an approximate area of 35.5- square miles using a combination system of staffing of five fire stations serving an approximate population of 62,582 residents.

AGENCY SERVICE AREA CHARACTERISTICS

In choosing jurisdictions and fire department agencies for comparison, consideration was given to jurisdictional population, land area, density, and services offered (especially whether there was ALS service and transport provided by the fire department). The chosen peer agencies are all of somewhat different sizes, scope and compositions.

From a community planning perspective, Colerain Township can be primarily characterized as a rural and suburban community; however, the National Fire Protection Associations’ 1710, Standard for the Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations, Emergency Medical Operations, and Special Operations to the Public by Career Fire Departments also characterizes it as urban based on having a population density greater than 1,000 people per square mile. The location of fire stations and emergency response units are typically based on several factors. Primarily, the demand for service, community risks, time and distance to travel to an incident scene as it relates to response goals represents the driving forces for determining the placement and deployment of primary response resources.

In comparison to the peer jurisdictions, Colerain ranked fifth in jurisdictional population at 58,499 residents in 2012, which was above the mean (55,964) and the median (57,397). A comparison of land area protected, Colerain ranked second at 43.2-square miles well above the mean (29.5-square miles) and the median (29.6-square miles). Each of Colerain’s five stations provides protection and services to approximately 8.6-square miles, which ranked second amongst the peer jurisdictions. Comparable jurisdictions average approximately 6.3-square miles per station as displayed in Table 1.

Table 1: Comparison of Peer Jurisdiction and Fire Protection Area

Fire Station Jurisdiction Fire Station Land Area No. of Area Jurisdiction Population Coverage Fire Department Agency (sq. mi.) Staffed Fire Population Population Density per Area (sq. Protected Stations Density per Sq. Mi.1 mi.)2 Sq. Mi.3 Pike Twp., IN Fire Dept. 77,895 44.1 1,770 5 8.8 354.1 Lisle-Woodridge, IL Fire Prot. Dist. 70,000 32.0 2,188 5 6.4 437.5 West Chester Twp., OH Fire Dept. 62,582 35.5 1,763 5 7.1 352.6

1 Jurisdiction Population Density per Square Mile = Jurisdiction Population ÷ Land Area Protected; 2 Fire Station Coverage Area = Land Area Protected ÷ Number of Staffed Fire Stations; 3 Fire Station Area Population Density per Square Mile = Jurisdiction Population Density per Square Mile ÷ Number of Staffed Fire Stations;

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Hamilton, OH Fire Dept. 62,477 22.1 2,830 5 4.4 565.9 Green Twp., OH Fire Dept. 58,370 27.9 2,092 4 7.0 523.0 Milford, CT Fire Dept. 56,424 23.4 2,411 4 5.9 602.8 Mentor, OH Fire Dept. 47,023 28.0 1,764 5 5.6 352.9 Anderson Twp., OH Fire Dept. 43,857 31.2 1,406 4 7.8 351.4 Covington, KY Fire Dept. 40,640 13.7 2,966 5 2.7 593.3 Jackson Twp., OH Fire Dept. 40,373 37.1 1,088 5 7.4 217.6 Mean (Average) 55,964 29.5 2,028 5 6.3 435.1 Median 57,397 29.6 1,931 5 6.7 395.8 Colerain Twp. Dept. of Fire & EMS 58,499 43.2 1,364 5 8.6 272.7

Figure 1 compares the significant variability in both the jurisdictional population and land area protected by each agency.

Figure 1: Comparison of Population and Land Area Protected

Population Land Area (sq. mi.) 90,000 50.0 75,000 40.0 60,000 30.0 45,000 20.0

30,000 Population 15,000 10.0

0 0.0 Land Area (sq. mi.)

Aging Housing and Population

In general, older homes and buildings have the potential to represent an increased risk to the community. The electrical systems in older homes may be overtaxed, lack the modern overcurrent protection provided by circuit breakers, and require the use of extension cords. Fire separation walls and fire stops may have been penetrated to run telephone, cable TV, and computer lines, which can compromise their reliability. Wood frame construction may lack fire stopping found in newer homes. An aging population uses the emergency medical service system more frequently, contributing to an increase in incident volume. Older buildings may lack fire and smoke detection and/or sprinkler systems, which can contribute to increased fire growth before detection.

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Table 2 compares general demographic information for the peer jurisdictions. Information on residents age 65 years and older is included because of its relevance to demand for emergency medical services. The Baby Boom Generation, individuals born between 1946 and 1964 and one of the largest generations in U.S. history began turning 65 in 2011.4 As this large generation continues to age, the growth of the 65 and older population will continue at an increased rate. This expanding older adult population may require ever-increasing amounts of public services, health care, and additional services. Of particular importance to fire and emergency medical services is finding a way to accommodate a vastly increased demand for services from an already large and continually growing segment of the population.

Table 2: General Peer Jurisdiction Demographic Information

Percent of Median Median Residents 65 Jurisdiction Population Household Age years or Income older Anderson Twp., OH 43,857 43.0 15.5% $88,008 Colerain Twp., OH 58,499 39.6 13.8% $54,286 Covington, KY 40,640 34.8 10.2% $34,557 Green Twp., OH 58,370 40.6 16.6% $65,636 Hamilton, OH 62,477 36.4 13.0% $46,335 Jackson Twp., OH 40,373 44.6 17.8% $66,657 Lisle-Woodridge, IL Fire Prot. Dist.* Village of Lisle, IL 22,390 36.8 11.2% $69,712 Village of Woodridge, IL 32,970 37.5 10.2% $75,469 Mentor, OH 47,023 45.1 16.8% $64,476 Milford, CT 56,424 42.6 16.3% $77,625 Pike Twp., IN 77,895 31.0 10.9% $43,046 West Chester Twp., OH 62,582 37.3 10.9% $79,146 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010-2012 American Community Survey Note: * Population data not available for unincorporated areas of the fire protection district.

Factors that are likely to impact the volume of residential building fires are age and maintenance of housing stock, fire codes, human and socioeconomic factors, and public education efforts. Older homes and buildings can represent an increased risk to a community. While structural factors of buildings have an effect on the incidence of fire, of equal or greater importance today is how humans use and maintain those buildings. A particular important jurisdiction characteristic when considering the provision of fire protection is the building density of the jurisdiction and the number of buildings; both occupied and vacant. Table 3 displays data on those characteristics for each of the peer jurisdictions.

4 “The Older Population: 2010,” U.S. Census Bureau, November 2011, C2010BR-09, http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-09.pdf

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Table 3: Peer Jurisdiction Housing Data and Density

Density - Land Total Occupied Vacant Median Housing Jurisdiction Area (sq. Housing Housing Housing Housing Unit Units per mi.) Units Units Units Value sq. mi.5 Anderson Twp., OH 31.2 16,488 15,762 726 528 $210,900 Colerain Twp., OH 43.2 24,593 22,477 2,116 569 $118,600 Covington, KY 13.7 20,228 16,696 3,532 1,476 $104,100 Green Twp., OH 27.9 23,554 22,301 1,253 844 $155,600 Hamilton, OH 22.1 27,786 24,149 3,637 1,257 $99,200 Jackson Twp., OH 37.1 17,450 16,325 1,125 470 $170,800 Lisle-Woodridge, IL Fire Prot. Dist.* Village of Lisle, IL 7.0 9,713 9,165 548 1,384 $313,800 Village of Woodridge, IL 9.6 13,650 12,793 857 1,425 $254,100 Mentor, OH 28.0 20,177 19,015 1,162 721 $166,800 Milford, CT 23.4 22,001 20,427 1,574 940 $301,600 Pike Twp., IN 44.1 33,603 30,645 2,958 762 $129,900 West Chester Twp., OH 35.5 22,565 21,727 838 636 $202,400 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010-2012 American Community Survey Note: * Land area data not available for unincorporated areas of fire protection district.

Fire Stations and Equipment

Each peer agency was questioned about the amount of apparatus staffed each day. Table 4 summarizes and compares the number of engine, ladder, and heavy rescue companies, and ambulance transport and non-transport units for each jurisdiction.

Table 4: Comparison of Staffed Emergency Response Apparatus and Units, 2012

No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of Non- Jurisdiction Ambulance Fire Department Agency Engine Ladder Rescue Transport Population Transport Companies Companies Companies EMS Units Units Pike Twp., IN Fire Dept. 77,895 5 2 1 4 0 Lisle-Woodridge, IL Fire Prot. Dist. 70,000 4 2 0 3 0 West Chester Twp., OH Fire Dept. 62,582 5 1 1 4 1 Hamilton, OH Fire Dept. 62,477 4 1 0 3 0 Green Twp., OH Fire Dept. 58,370 4 1 0 4 0 Milford, CT Fire Dept. 56,424 6 1 0 2 0 Mentor, OH Fire Dept. 47,023 5 1 2 5 0 Anderson Twp., OH Fire Dept. 43,857 3 1 0 2 0

5 Density – Housing Units per Square Mile = Land Area ÷ Total Housing Units;

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Covington, KY Fire Dept. 40,640 4 2 1 3 0 Jackson Twp., OH Fire Dept. 40,373 4 1 1 5 0 Mean 55,964 4 1 1 4 0 Median 57,397 4 1 1 4 0 Colerain Twp. Dept. of Fire & EMS 58,499 5 1 1 4 2

Table 5 takes the comparison another step by considering emergency response apparatus per capita and the ratios among different types of fire suppression units. Key comparisons include the number of engine companies as a function of population, and the ratios of engine companies to ladder companies and other special service units. Special service units, principally ladder and heavy rescue companies are usually deployed to perform search and rescue of occupants as well as vital support functions to engine companies necessary for fire suppression, including forcible entry, laddering, ventilation, and electrical and natural gas utility control. A smaller engine to special service ratio value indicates an agency with greater special service companies available to perform these duties.

Table 5: Fire Suppression Apparatus Ratios, 2012

Engines per Engine : Ladder Engine : Special Fire Department Agency 1,000 Ratio6 Service Ratio7 Population8 Anderson Twp., OH Fire Dept. 3.0 3.0 0.07 Covington, KY Fire Dept. 2.0 2.15 0.10 Green Twp., OH Fire Dept. 4.0 4.0 0.07 Hamilton, OH Fire Dept. 4.0 4.0 0.06 Jackson Twp., OH Fire Dept. 4.0 2.0 0.10 Lisle-Woodridge, IL Fire Prot. Dist. 2.0 2.0 0.06 Mentor, OH Fire Dept. 5.0 1.66 0.11 Milford, CT Fire Dept. 6.0 6.0 0.11 Pike Twp., IN Fire Dept. 2.5 1.66 0.06 West Chester Twp., OH Fire Dept. 5.0 2.5 0.08 Mean 3.8 2.90 0.08 Median 4.0 2.33 0.07 Colerain Twp. Dept. of Fire & EMS 5.0 2.50 0.09

This is the circumstance in Colerain Township, which has a slightly smaller engine company to special services company ratio at 2.50, than the mean (2.90) of the peer agencies. When

6 Engine Company :Ladder Company Ratio = Number of Engine Companies ÷ Ladder Companies; 7 Engine Company :Special Service Company Ratio = Number of Engine Companies ÷ (Number of Ladder Companies + Rescue Companies); 8 Engines Companies per 1,000 Population = (Number of Engine Companies x 1,000) ÷ Jurisdictional Population;

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

comparing Colerain to the mean, Colerain has a greater engine to ladder company ratio and engines per 1,000 residents than comparable jurisdictions. This is due to the fact that Colerain has a greater number of engine companies, five in total, than the average of four of the peer agencies. The ratios provided demonstrate fundamentally that the fire firefighting capability of an agency can be related to a balanced and complete systems approach designed to deliver specified fire suppression and incident mitigation capacity and not a mere massing of random forces.

FIRE SERVICE INDUSTRY STANDARDS AND COMPARISONS

Fire, rescue and emergency medical services have evolved in response to a number of emerging industry measures. These measures are concerned with the nature and safety of emergency response. As a means of evaluating a community’s fire department agency public administrators rely on standards, benchmarks, and best practices commonly used to measure the fire service delivery system.

National Fire Protection Association

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) is an organization that develops, publishes, and disseminates timely consensus standards covering all areas of fire protection. Many of the standards establish quantifiable methods of measuring the quality of fire department agencies. In addition, the standards provide adequate and appropriate guidelines vital to the operational performance and safety of a fire and EMS department’s roles and responsibilities. These NFPA standards have been adopted by numerous state and federal authorities, giving them the force of law. In Ohio, NFPA standards are recognized as voluntary consensus standards.

Insurance Services Office

The Insurance Services Office (ISO) utilizes the Fire Suppression Rating Schedule (FSRS), which is a manual containing the criteria ISO uses in reviewing the firefighting capabilities of individual communities. The schedule measures the major elements of a community's fire‐suppression system and develops a numerical grading called a Public Protection Classification (PPC). The key elements that are evaluated include: Fire Department – the adequacy of apparatus and equipment, staffing levels, evaluation of training, existence of automatic or mutual aid agreements, and the geographic distribution of fire stations and companies; Emergency Communications – 911 telephone systems, adequacy of local telephone systems, operator supervision and staffing, and the dispatching hardware and software systems; and Water Supply – condition and maintenance of fire hydrants, existence of alternative water sources, and an evaluation of the amount of available water – in volume and pressure – compared with the amount needed to suppress fires.

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

ISO assigns a PPC from 1 to 10. Class 1 generally represents superior property fire protection, and Class 10 indicates that the area's fire-suppression program doesn't meet ISO’s minimum criteria.

Center for Public Safety Excellence

The Center for Public Safety Excellence (CPSE) is a nonprofit organization developed through a cooperative effort of the International City/County Manager’s Association (ICMA) and the International Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC). The CPSE establishes and promotes recognized professional standards to help fire department agencies move beyond tactical deployment to continuous strategic improvement. CPSE's Accreditation Program, administered by the Commission on Fire Accreditation International (CFAI) reflects a comprehensive self- assessment and evaluation model that enables fire and emergency service organizations to examine their service levels and performance in a way that allows them to compare to industry best practices.

Across the United States, there are more than 47,000 communities graded by ISO Commercial Risk Services, of which only 59 are rated as Class 1. There are 660 or 1.4-percent of the communities rated as Class 2. In Ohio there are 2,833 graded areas, of which there are none rated as Class 1 and there are 32 Class 2 communities, of which Colerain Township is one of these Class 2 communities.

Nationwide, there are 171 agencies that have achieved the accredited status, and in Ohio only seven are titled as an accredited fire department agency. For those fire department agencies that have attained both the esteemed PPC Class 1 rating and the accredited status was a significant undertaking and required an embedded culture of quality throughout the agency.

Table 6 provides a comparative listing of ISO PPC ratings and accreditation status of the benchmarked agencies:

Table 6: Fire Department ISO PPC Classification Rating and Accreditation Status

ISO: Public ISO: Total Credit CPSE Accredited Fire Department Agency Protection Rating Assigned Agency

Lisle-Woodridge, IL Fire Prot. Dist. 1 93.00 Yes Milford, CT Fire Dept. 1 91.32 No Colerain Twp. Dept. of Fire & EMS 2 85.16 No Covington, KY Fire Dept. 2 83.80 No Hamilton, OH Fire Dept. 2 80.37 No West Chester Twp., OH Fire Dept. 3 76.56 No Jackson Twp., OH Fire Dept. 3 71.74 No Anderson Twp., OH Fire Dept. 3 71.38 No Green Twp., OH Fire Dept. 3 70.00 No Pike Twp., IN Fire Dept. 4 67.12 No Mentor, OH Fire Dept. 3 No

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

FIRE PROTECTION & EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES COSTS

Without adequate funding, no emergency services agency can survive or provide the level of service a community expects and deserves. Adequate funding can be derived from a variety of sources including the general fund, property taxes or special purpose levies, or a blend of the aforementioned with alternative sources such as user fees (e.g., emergency medical service billing), permit fees, grants, or tax increment finance funding. Several different attributes are compared with the peer agencies on a per capita basis in this section. Table 7 compares Colerain’s local government’s 2012 approved budget with its peers. At $498.66, Colerain’s budget was below the mean ($615.11) and median ($653.10) when measured on a per capita basis. Lisle-Woodridge, a special fire protection district did not provide jurisdictional appropriation information. It has been excluded from this particular comparison.

Table 7: Comparison of Jurisdictional Approved Budgets, 2012

FY2012 Jurisdictional Fire Department Agency Jurisdictional Population Budget Cost Per Budget Capita9 Covington, KY $45,666,203 40,640 $1,124 Mentor, OH $51,255,497 47,023 $1,090 Jackson Twp., OH $33,000,000 40,373 $817 Anderson Twp., OH $34,302,985 43,857 $782 Green Twp., OH $39,998,094 58,370 $685 West Chester Twp., OH $38,860,242 62,582 $621 Hamilton, OH $36,000,000 62,477 $576 Pike Twp., IN $20,890,000 77,895 $268 Milford, CT $10,568,704 56,424 $187 Mean $31,054,173 48,964 $615 Median $35,151,493 51,724 $653 Colerain Twp., OH $29,176,823 58,499 $499

Regardless of the source of revenue, it is imperative that fire department agencies have sufficient funding to carry out their primary mission. Table 8 compares each of the peer agency’s 2012 approved budget amounts.

Table 8: Comparison of Agency Approved Budgets, 2012

2012 Fire Dept. Fire Department Agency Population Budget Lisle-Woodridge, IL Fire Prot. Dist. 70,000 $23,638,792 Pike Twp., IN Fire Dept. 77,895 $20,202,338 Hamilton, OH Fire Dept. 62,477 $13,400,000 West Chester Twp., OH Fire Dept. 62,582 $12,532,465

9 Approved Jurisdictional Budget Cost per Capita = Approved Jurisdictional Budget ÷ Jurisdictional Population;

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Covington, KY Fire Dept. 40,640 $11,930,000 Milford, CT Fire Dept. 56,424 $10,445,704 Jackson Twp., OH Fire Dept. 40,373 $10,100,000 Mentor, OH Fire Dept. 47,023 $9,806,167 Anderson Twp., OH Fire Dept. 43,857 $9,670,800 Green Twp., OH Fire Dept. 58,370 $7,489,259 Mean 55,964 $12,921,553 Median 57,397 $11,187,852 Colerain Twp. Dept. of Fire & EMS 58,499 $12,500,000

Figure 2 represents each fire department agency’s approved budgets as compared to the population served. As would be expected, the higher the population served, the higher the agency’s budget tends to be.

Figure 2: Agency Approved Budgets Compared to Population, 2012

2012 Fire Dept. Budget Population $25,000,000 90,000 80,000 $20,000,000 70,000 60,000 $15,000,000 50,000 40,000 $10,000,000 30,000 $5,000,000 20,000 10,000 $0 0

For public administrators, cost per capita for fire protection gives a rough indication of cost efficiency of a fire department agency. This should be considered relative to the level and quality of service, though it is difficult to make meaningful comparisons of quality for fire departments. In considering the cost per capita for fire protection and other related emergency services, one should also realize that larger jurisdictions that require more resources can sometimes achieve better cost ratios since the cost is spread over more residents. Economy of scale is a consideration in comparing cost per capita data.

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

The cost per capita of each peer fire department was based on its approved operating budget, not including capital funding. An agency’s operating budget includes personnel services, supplies, building and vehicle maintenance expenditures, etc., which are annual appropriations for recurring costs that do not depreciate. Figure 3 displays comparative cost per capita and indicates that Colerain with an operating cost per capita of $213.68, which was below the mean of $228.33 and the median of $214.48.

Figure 3: Fire Agency Approved Budget Cost per Capita, 2012

Cost per Capita Mean Median $400.00 $350.00 $300.00 $250.00 $200.00

$150.00 $337.70

$100.00 $293.55

$259.35

$250.17

$220.51

$214.48

$213.68

$208.54 $200.26

$50.00 $185.13 $128.31

Operating Operating Cost per Capita $0.00

Figure 4 represents the cost of providing fire and emergency medical services per square mile. Colerain’s $289,352.85 was below the mean ($467,478.81) and the median ($399,712.39) of its comparable peer agencies.

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Figure 4: Comparison of Fire and Emergency Medical Services Cost per Square Mile, 2012

Cost per Square Mile Mean Median

$1,000,000 $870,803 $900,000 $800,000 $738,712 $700,000 $606,884 $600,000 $446,398 $350,220 $289,352 $500,000 $400,000 $300,000 $458,103 $353,027 $200,000 $309,962 $272,237 $100,000 $268,432

$0 Cost Cost Per Square Mile

Looking at expenditures on a per capita basis, Figure 5 shows that Colerain compares somewhat favorably at $208.53 to other agencies in terms of expenses just below the mean ($219.09) and the median ($208.54) in 2012.

Figure 5: Comparison of Expenditure Cost per Capita, 2012

Cost per Capita Mean Median $350 $300 $250 $200 $150

$100 $272.99

$309.69

$245.23

$235.31

$208.98

$208.53

$208.10

$206.59 $189.24

$50 $187.31 $127.46

$0 Expenditure Expenditure Cost PerCapita

Requests for service include all emergency medical, fire and other emergency and non- emergency incident responses by fire department companies and units. Using the total request for service data, Figure 6 compares the cost per request for service as an expense. Colerain Fire

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

and EMS services calculated at a cost of $1,164.01 per incident that was well below the mean ($2,085.04) and median ($1609.65).

Figure 6: Comparison of Requests for Service Cost per Capita, 2012

Cost per Request Cost per Request Mean Cost per Request Median $5,000 $4,056 $4,000 $3,000 $2,448 $2,211 $1,930 $1,869 $1,350 $1,311 $1,164 $1,130 $1,108 $982 $2,000 $1,000

$0 Request Request for ServiceCost

AGENCY STAFFING

In simplest terms, staffing can be defined “as to supply with a staff or with workers.” In broader terms it involves the decisions and activities connected with selecting and training individuals for specific job functions and charging them with job responsibilities. These individuals provide the staff for an organization. First introduced to the region by Colerain Fire and EMS in early 1984, the combination staffing model of career or full-time and part-time firefighters is the existing system that has historically met the needs of the community in terms of effectiveness and reliability. It has also been evident that it is very efficient in terms of cost to the taxpayers. By using the combination system, it’s estimated that it allows for 25-percent more on-duty employees. In addition, the system has been successful, because the contributions of the career and part-time employees are valued equally and blended effectively. Of the 10 peer agencies, four are staffed using the combination system. The collected data addressing the ratio of career to part-time on-duty staffing denotes that Mentor Fire Department relies on a slightly greater percentage of part-time positions at 44-percent career to 56-percent part-time compared to Colerain Fire and EMS at 45 to 55-percent followed by: Green Township: 65 to 35-percent; West Chester: 69 to 31-percent; and Jackson Township: 91 to 7-percent. Statistically, the mean ratio was 68-percent career to 32-percent part-time and median was 67 to 33-percent of the four peer combination fire departments.

Table 9, summarizes the total staffing provided by each benchmarked agency. Colerain Fire & EMS ranks at the top when compared to its peers for total staffing of its fire department agency.

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Table 9: Comparison of Peer Agencies Staffing, 2012

Type of Career Career Part-Time Part-Time Fire Department Agency Total Staffing (Uniformed) (Support) (Uniformed) (Support) Anderson Twp., OH Fire Dept. Career 61 1 62 Covington, KY Fire Dept. Career 116 1 117 Green Twp., OH Fire Dept. Combination 43 2 48 93 Hamilton, OH Fire Dept. Career 95 1 96 Jackson Twp., OH Fire Dept. Combination 66 0 25 91 Lisle-Woodridge, IL Fire Prot. Dist. Career 110 6 116 Mentor, OH Fire Dept. Combination 70 1 34 105 Milford, CT Fire Dept. Career 113 13 126 Pike Twp., IN Fire Dept. Career 141 13 154 West Chester Twp., OH Fire Dept. Combination 57 3 73 2 135 Mean 87 4 45 2 110 Median 83 2 41 2 111 Colerain Twp. Dept. of Fire & EMS Combination 53 2 125 2 182

In Table 10, Colerain is above the mean and median in all the categories displayed for on-duty uniformed personnel per 1,000 population served.

Table 10: Comparison of On-Duty Uniformed Personnel per 1,000 Population, 2012

Minimum Avg. On- Maximum Minimum Average Maximum On-Duty Duty On-Duty On-Duty On-Duty On-Duty Uniformed Uniformed Uniformed Fire Department Agency Uniformed Uniformed Uniformed Personnel Personnel Personnel Personnel Personnel Personnel per 1,000 per 1,000 per 1,000 Population10 Population11 Population12 Anderson Twp., OH Fire Dept. 16 17 18 0.36 0.39 0.41 Covington, KY Fire Dept. 27 27 0.66 0.66 0.00 Green Twp., OH Fire Dept. 17 19 20 0.29 0.33 0.34 Hamilton, OH Fire Dept. 22 22 27 0.35 0.35 0.43 Jackson Twp., OH Fire Dept. 16 18 21 0.40 0.45 0.52 Lisle-Woodridge, IL Fire Prot. Dist. 25 25 34 0.36 0.36 0.49 Mentor, OH Fire Dept. 21 23 25 0.45 0.49 0.53 Milford, CT Fire Dept. 23 24 27 0.41 0.43 0.48 Pike Twp., IN Fire Dept. 47 47 47 0.60 0.60 0.60

10 Minimum On-Duty Uniformed Personnel per 1,000 Population = (Minimum On-Duty Staffing x 1,000) ÷ Jurisdictional Population; 11 Average On-Duty Uniformed Personnel per 1,000 Population = (Average On-Duty Staffing x 1,000) ÷ Jurisdictional Population; 12 Maximum On-Duty Uniformed Personnel per 1,000 Population = (Maximum On-Duty Staffing x 1,000) ÷ Jurisdictional Population;

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

West Chester Twp., OH Fire Dept. 25 29 33 0.40 0.46 0.53 Mean 24 25 28 0.43 0.45 0.43 Median 23 24 27 0.40 0.44 0.48 Colerain Twp. Dept. of Fire & EMS 27 32.5 33 0.46 0.56 0.56

Figure 7 provides a comparison of on-duty staffing per square mile at the minimum, average and maximum levels.

Figure 7: Comparison of On-Duty Staffing Levels per Square Mile, 2012

Minimum On-Duty Uniformed Personnel Average On-Duty Uniformed Personnel Maximum On-Duty Uniformed Personnel Land Area (sq. mi.) 2.50 50.0 1.97 45.0 2.00 40.0 35.0 1.50 30.0 1.07 1.03 1.00 25.0 0.82 0.82 1.00 0.78 0.75 0.68 20.0 0.54 0.49 15.0 0.50 10.0 5.0 Land Area (sq. mi.)

0.00 0.0 Number Number Uniformed of Personnel

Figures 8 thru 10 illustrates and provides a closer look at the comparison of on-duty staffing per 1,000 population at the minimum, average and maximum levels.

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Figure 8: Minimum On-Duty Personnel per 1,000 Population Comparison, 2012

Minimum On-Duty Uniformed Personnel per 1,000 Population Minimum On-Duty Uniformed Personnel per 1,000 Population Mean Minimum On-Duty Uniformed Personnel per 1,000 Population Median 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.66 0.60 0.46 0.45 0.20 0.41 0.40 0.40 0.36 0.36 0.35 0.29 0.10

0.00 Number Number Uniformed of Personnel

Figure 9: Average On-Duty Personnel per 1,000 Population Comparison, 2012

Avg. On-Duty Uniformed Personnel per 1,000 Population Avg. On-Duty Uniformed Personnel per 1,000 Population Mean Avg. On-Duty Uniformed Personnel per 1,000 Population Median 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.66 0.30 0.60 0.56 0.49 0.46 0.45 0.43 0.20 0.36 0.35 0.33 0.29 0.10

0.00 Number Number Uniformed of Personnel

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Figure 10: Maximum On-Duty Personnel per 1,000 Population Comparison, 2012

Maximum On-Duty Uniformed Personnel per 1,000 Population Maximum On-Duty Uniformed Personnel per 1,000 Population Mean Maximum On-Duty Uniformed Personnel per 1,000 Population Median 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.84 0.67 0.30 0.60 0.57 0.53 0.20 0.48 0.47 0.36 0.31 0.10 0.27

0.00 Number Number Uniformed of Personnel

AGENCY HISTORICAL SERVICE DEMAND AND PERFORMANCE

Virtually all fire department agencies respond to a wide variety of requests for service. People, specifically the number of people within a given service area, are the most significant influence on both incident response volume and type. One hundred-percent of emergency medical responses are directly attributable to people. The National Fire Protection Association reports that approximately 70-percent of all fires are the direct result of an act or error on the part of a person. Thus, factors such as the age of the population, population density, and other demographics drive a fire department’s demand for service or workload.

Demand for Service

Demand is defined here as the number of requests for assistance received by the fire department for emergencies and non-emergency services. In 2012, Colerain Fire & EMS responded to more request for emergency incidents and service than in any other year in the history of the agency. These incidents include the extinguishment of fires, treatment and extrication at motor vehicle accidents, hazardous materials responses, fire alarms, weather related incidents and providing basic and advanced life support practices and hospital transport at medical emergencies. Colerain Fire & EMS also provided assistance to neighboring communities in accordance with mutual aid agreements. Comparatively, Figure 11 illustrates that Colerain Fire & EMS responded to 10,601 requests for service in 2012 far greater than the mean of 7,742 and the median of 6,947. Figure 12 shows that on a daily basis, Colerain responded to an estimated 29.4 request per day; which was above the mean of 21.2 and above the median of 19 requests.

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Figure 11: Annual Requests for Service Demand Total, 2012

2012 Total Request for Service Incidents 2012 Total Request for Service Incidents Mean 2012 Total Request for Service Incidents Median 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000

2,000

10,469 12,150 12,092 10,739

5,403 3,951 7,967 7,264 6,629 5,828 5,667 0

Figure 12: Daily Requests for Service Demand Total, 2012

2012 Daily Request for Service Incidents 2012 Daily Request for Service Incidents Mean 2012 Daily Request for Service Incidents Median 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 33.3 33.1 15.0 29.4 28.7 21.8 10.0 19.9 18.2 16.0 15.5 14.8 5.0 10.8 0.0

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Amongst the peer agencies, Colerain’s 0.18 total requests for service per capita during 2012 was above the mean of 0.15 and the median of 0.13.

Figure 13: Requests for Service Demand Total per Capita, 2012

2012 Total Request for Service per Capita 2012 Total Request for Service per Capita Mean 2012 Total Request for Service per Capita Median 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.30 0.15 0.10 0.19 0.18 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.13

0.05 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.08 Requests for Service 0.00

An alternative look at demand for fire department services is effectively compared in terms of annual requests per 1,000 residents. Table 11 shows that the Colerain Fire & EMS experienced 184 requests per 1,000 residents in 2012 greater than the mean of 143.

Table 11: Requests for Service Summary, 2012

Fire Company Total Requests EMS Requests Requests per Fire Department Agency per 1,000 per 1,000 1,000 Population13 Population15 Population14 Anderson Twp., OH Fire Dept. 90 20 70 Covington, KY Fire Dept. 299 67 232 Green Twp., OH Fire Dept. 114 28 85 Hamilton, OH Fire Dept. 194 48 145 Jackson Twp., OH Fire Dept. 134 38 96 Lisle-Woodridge, IL Fire Prot. Dist. 83 28 55 Mentor, OH Fire Dept. 154 43 111

13 Total Request per 1,000 Population = (Total Annual Requests for Service x 1,000) ÷ Jurisdictional Population; 14 Total Fire Company Requests for Service per 1,000 Population = (Total Fire Company Requests for Service x 1,000) ÷ Jurisdictional Population; 15 Total Emergency Medical Requests for Service per 1,000 Population = (Total Emergency Medical Requests for Service x 1,000) ÷ Jurisdictional Population;

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Milford, CT Fire Dept. 141 60 81 Pike Twp., IN Fire Dept. 134 28 107 West Chester Twp., OH Fire Dept. 91 28 63 Mean 143 39 105 Median 134 33 91 Colerain Twp. Dept. of Fire & EMS 184 63 119

In 2012, emergency medical service requests in Colerain Township comprised approximately 66-percent of the fire department’s emergency services activity provided to its residents and visitors. Figures 14 and 15 illustrate emergency medical requests for service demand as a workload measure. The two figures represent that Colerain’s Fire & EMS agency’s 6,944 requests are well above the mean (5,636) and median of (4,767) annually, and the 19 requests daily are above the mean (16) and the median (14) of the benchmarked agencies. Lastly, Figure 16 represents the EMS workload per capita showing that Colerain is above the mean (0.10) and median (0.09).

Figure 14: Annual Emergency Medical Service Demand, 2012

2012 Total EMS Incidents 2012 Total EMS Incidents Mean 2012 Total EMS Incidents Median 10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

9,084 3,885 9,430 8,306 6,944 5,222 4,973 4,561 3,925 3,884 3,085 0

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Figure 15: Daily Emergency Medical Service Demand, 2012

2012 Daily EMS Request 2012 Daily EMS Request Mean 2012 Daily EMS Request Median 30.0

25.0

20.0

15.0

10.0

5.0

24.9 10.6 25.8 22.8 19.0 14.3 13.6 12.5 10.8 10.6 8.5 0.0

Figure 16: Emergency Medical Service Request per Capita, 2012

2012 EMS Requests per Capita 2012 EMS Requests per Capita Mean 2012 EMS Requests per Capita Median 0.25

0.20

0.15

0.10

0.05

0.15 0.07 0.23 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.00

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Throughout its history, the Township has experienced a range of fire losses that have helped to shape the existing Department of Fire and EMS’s efforts to protect life and property. Figures 17 and 18 correspondingly illustrate fire company or unit requests for service demand as a workload measure. The two figures represent that Colerain’s Fire & EMS agency’s 3,657 requests in 2012 are well above the mean (2,106) and median of (1,993), and the 10 requests daily are above the mean (5.8) and the median (5.5) of the peer agencies. Lastly, Figure 19 represents the fire company workload per capita showing that Colerain’s 0.06 is above the mean (0.04) and median (0.03).

Figure 17: Annual Fire Company Requests for Service Demand, 2012

2012 Total Fire Company Requests 2012 Total Fire Comapny Requests Mean 2012 Total Fire Company Requests Median 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000

500

3,406 2,163 1,944 1,518 3,657 3,008 2,712 2,042 1,742 1,656 866

0 No. No. of Annual Fire Co. Requests

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Figure 18: Daily Fire Company Requests for Service Demand, 2012

2012 Daily Fire Company Request 2012 Daily Fire Comapny Requests Mean 2012 Daily Fire Company Requests Median 12 10 8 6 4

7.43 2.37 9.33 8.24 5.93 5.59 5.33 4.77 4.54 4.16 10.02

0 No. No. of Daily Fire Co. Requests

Figure 19: Annual Fire Company Requests for Service per Capita, 2012

2012 Total FireCompany Requests 2012 Total FireComapny Requests Mean 2012 Total Fire Company Requests Median 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02

Requests per Capita 0.01

0.05 0.03 0.02 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Estimated Property Dollar Loss

One of the primary missions of fire departments is to prevent and minimize property loss. Property dollar loss due to fire data can be easily skewed. A single exceptional incident or under- or over-reporting property loss could have a huge impact on the comparisons. Also, different agencies may collect data in slightly different ways, making comparison imperfect. Table 12 displays the estimated dollar loss due to fire as a percentage of assessed property value reported by each peer agency in 2012.

Table 12: Comparison of Estimated Dollar Loss Due to Fire per Assessed Value, 2012

Estimated Fire Loss per Fire Department Agency Population Total Valuation Property Assessed Valuation Dollar Loss

Anderson Twp., OH Fire Dept. 43,857 $1,161,644,000 $899,000 7.74% Covington, KY Fire Dept. 40,640 $1,972,617,700 $1,255,365 6.36% Green Twp., OH Fire Dept. 58,370 $1,071,320,660 $206,165 1.92% Hamilton, OH Fire Dept. 62,477 $885,000,000 Not Reported Jackson Twp., OH Fire Dept. 40,373 $1,300,000,000 Not Reported Lisle-Woodridge, IL Fire Prot. Dist. 70,000 $2,277,401,808 $716,250 3.15% Mentor, OH Fire Dept. 47,023 $1,363,079,440 $641,690 4.71% Milford, CT Fire Dept. 56,424 $5,410,000,000 $1,024,500 1.89% Pike Twp., IN Fire Dept. 77,895 $4,522,322,662 $1,697,459 3.75% West Chester Twp., OH Fire Dept. 62,582 $2,083,000,000 $851,320 4.09%

Mean 55,964 $2,204,638,627 $911,469 4.20% Median 57,397 $1,667,848,570 $875,160 3.92% Colerain Twp. Dept. of Fire & EMS 58,499 $1,304,000,000 $838,350 6.43%

Figure 20 compares the estimated fire loss data in a per capita format. In 2012, Colerain was below the mean ($16.54) and median ($15.90) estimated dollar loss per capita. Relatively low estimated fire dollar losses can be used as a gauge of the fire protection capability of a community’s fire departments’ ability to suppress fires and its preventative efforts. It can be reflective of a number of factors including a) low fire incident activity; b) adequate response times; c) firefighter response (number of) to emergencies; d) the agency’s compliment of responders ability to contain a fire to its object, area or room of origin; e) type and extent of workforce training and education; and f) public education and prevention programs.

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Figure 20: Estimated Dollar Loss Due to Fire per Capita, 2012

Fire loss per Capita Mean Median

$35.00 $30.89 $30.00

$25.00 $21.79 $20.50 $18.16 $20.00 $14.33 $13.65 $13.60 $10.23 $15.00 $10.00 $3.53 $5.00 $0.00

AGENCY BASE SALARIES AND WAGES

In order for a fire department to recruit and retain quality personnel, compensation and benefits (as well as overall working conditions) must be in line or in excess to those of surrounding agencies. While the compensation amount fire department personnel receives varies significantly on a number of factors like location, experience, labor contract agreements and type of appointment all factor into the amount each employee is salaried. This section compares the base salaries for the positions of shift commander (Battalion or District Chief), company officer (Fire Captain) and firefighter paramedic. Note: All salary figures are rounded-off to the nearest dollar.

Fire department shift commanders play significant roles in achieving the command and operational mission of their agencies. The fire shift commander directs, manages, supervises, and coordinates the activities and operations typically of a 24-hour shift within the fire department including fire training and safety, technical or support services; coordinates activities with other departments, and outside agencies as needed for both emergency and non-emergency situations. The shift commander has responsibility to ensure that shifts are staffed properly and that staff are supervised and managed consistently within the confines of policy, procedures and applicable labor agreements. The rank of the shift commander varies greatly from agency to agency.

The following ranks are represented that perform the functions of shift commander for the benchmarked agencies: deputy chief, battalion chief, district chief, and captain. Figure 21

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

compares annual base salaries for the position of shift commander and shows that Colerain’s battalion chief rank at $78,398.46 was below the mean of $82,680.87 and below the median of $79,776.50.

Figure 21: Comparison of Fire Shift Commander Base Salaries, 2012

Shift Commander Base Salary Shift Commander Base Salary Mean Shift Commander Base Salary Median $120,000 $100,000 $80,000 $60,000

$40,000

$113,000

$87,790

$85,735

$85,100

$80,366

$79,187

$78,947

$78,398 $76,843

$20,000 $73,200

$66,641 Annual Annual BaseSalary $0

The fire company is the basic unit of a fire department. This is made up of a single piece of apparatus and its personnel. The company is typically supervised by a company officer. This is usually a fire captain or lieutenant – the officer over a single company. Depending upon the agency he or she may be on an engine, ladder or rescue company. This officer is often the initial incident commander at emergencies and can be called upon to fill in for the battalion chief during his or her absence. The following ranks are represented that perform the functions of company officer for the benchmarked agencies: fire captain and lieutenant. Figure 22 compares annual base salaries for the position of company officer and also shows that Colerain’s company officer rank at $73,515.95 was below the mean of $74,951.60 and the median of $74,493.50.

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Figure 22: Comparison of Company Officer Base Salaries, 2012

Fire Company Officer Base Salary Fire Company Officer Base Salary Mean Fire Company Officer Base Salary Median $120,000 $100,000 $80,000 $60,000

$40,000

$102,000

$80,366

$78,518

$77,370

$74,987

$74,000 $73,516

$20,000 $70,499

$66,531

Annual Annual Base Salary

$64,053 $61,192 $0

Finally, at the foundation of the emergency operations agency is the firefighter paramedic who is responsible for the extinguishment of fires and response to medical emergencies. They perform specific duties assigned by the company officer or shift commander. As paramedics they assess and treat injured or medically-ill victims. Figure 23 compares the firefighter paramedic rank base salaries and shows that Colerain’s firefighter paramedics at $43,907.76 receive one of the lowest base salaries of the peer agencies, which is below the mean of $54,425.88 and the median of $52,147.71.

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Figure 23: Comparison of Firefighter Paramedic Base Salaries, 2012

Firefighter Paramedic Base Salary Firefighter Paramedic Top Salary Mean Firefighter Paramedic Top Salary Median $90,000 $75,000 $60,000 $45,000

$30,000

$78,000

$57,758

$55,915

$54,000

$52,550 $51,745

$15,000 $51,499

$49,741

Annual Annual BaseSalary

$49,166

$43,908 $43,874 $0

CONCLUSION

Colerain Fire and EMS has historically aimed to operate as effectively and efficiently (near or at the lowest cost) as possible. The benchmarking exercise offered an opportunity to compare the efficiency, service level and cost of our operations to similar services offered by other fire department agencies on a local, regional and national scale.

How Colerain Fire and EMS Compared

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Lessons Learned

In the private sector, if a business does not perform well in relation to those providing the same products or services – if they don't grow, improve and continue to meet the changing needs of their customers – they will likely fail. Increasingly, fire departments are finding themselves under that same threat. The benchmarking exercise afforded the Department of Fire and EMS a glimpse at areas its peer fire department agencies are exceling in – or maybe just different – than our agency. Often, an organization can get so focused on improving what it’s currently doing that it becomes blind to more-efficient or cutting-edge practices or systems. By looking outward the department has examined the similar services of peer fire department agencies, gained insight on the processes used to excel, and apply the following lessons learned toward improved effectiveness and efficiencies: Benchmarking exercises demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of agencies in comparisons to others. Based on the experiences of the peer agencies, Colerain Fire and EMS can now learn how to improve on our accomplishments and overcome difficulties. Fire departments throughout the U.S. are no longer choosing to work in isolation. Through benchmarking fire departments can share their experiences, and identify best practices from each other that can then be implemented within their own agency. The benchmarking process should not be considered a one-time exercise. To be beneficial, it must become an ongoing, integral part of the improvement process with the goal of continually improving the services it provides. In general, the major benefit of benchmarking is that the things we benchmark seem to get accomplished; if we cannot see success or identify failure, we cannot learn from or improve it. Finally, faced with the challenges of a strained economy in recent years, the fire department will need to establish methods to demonstrate results and needs. For any public sector agency, it will be difficult to obtain and sustain support for continued funding and additional needed resources.

Opportunities to Provide Better Service or Value

The Department of Fire and EMS provides high-quality and comprehensive fire protection, emergency medical, and life safety services for the Township at what is believed to be a reasonable cost. As long as the quality of the service is high, and the service benefits the community, the return on investment is positive. In addition to fire and emergency medical response services, the Department provides many value added services mentioned in this report. Although not considered true fire department emergencies, requests from residents to remedy their emergencies, for example, occupants locked out of their house, water leaks, requests for physical assistance, etc. are also a value added response service provided by Colerain Fire and EMS. Additional non-emergent value added services provided by the Department include: Securing and rendering vacant buildings safe; Pet removals and rescues; Fire prevention and safety presentations;

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Fire extinguisher training; Fire station tours and equipment demonstrations; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation training and related first-aid instruction programs; Community use space; Blood pressure and blood-glucose checks; Child car seat inspections and installations; Smoke alarm installations and battery replacement services; and Citizen Fire Academy

The Department of Fire and EMS has realized for many years it cannot rest on simply responding to emergencies. Since the agency interacts with a small percentage of residents and visitors we have not rely on emergencies to create value to everyone else whose only interaction with the agency may be reading a headline or watching a story in the local media. Therefore, the Department will continue to engage in a focused effort on customer service and community outreach to increase our value proposition with our customers.

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

Identified Cost Saving Opportunities

Over the past several years various strategies have been employed by the Department of Fire and EMS to significantly reduce expenditures while maintaining the high-quality of overall fire protection and emergency medical services to which the residents have grown accustomed – even during recent challenging economic times. As a result of the initial focus of the benchmarking project, no additional or new dramatic cost-saving approaches or opportunities from the peer fire department agencies were identified. However, a continuation of the analysis could help to identify opportunities for cost savings. Nonetheless, the Department will continue to make every effort to stretch tax dollars and increase our creativity in providing essential fire and emergency medical services.

Identified Shared Service Opportunities

Before considering the question of what shared service opportunities were identified, it is important to understand the manner in which the department already works together to share services and responsibilities. Considered the most extensive and most prominent example of shared services and cooperation in the region is in the area of mutual aid and the Hamilton County Midwest fire departments collaborative. There is no charge for equipment, personnel or services provided under mutual aid by one municipality on behalf of another. Additional areas in which service sharing and cooperation are occurring is in the form regional specialized response and mitigation teams and training. The Department of Fire and EMS is affiliated with and utilizes the Hamilton County Urban Search and Rescue Team, and the Greater Cincinnati Hazardous Materials Unit to assist in the mitigation of complex technical rescue and hazardous materials incidents. The basis of each team is a collaborative approach comprised of human and physical resources from numerous regional emergency service agencies that specialize in various disciplines. This concept alleviates the department from significant expenditures on response and mitigation equipment and apparatus. Several agency personnel are on staff with these specialized teams. Joint training events are also an example of shared services that includes live fire simulation, incident management system, firefighter rapid assistance team training, and emergency medical victim care venues. As a result of the initial focus of the benchmarking project, no additional or new opportunities from the peer fire department agencies for shared services were identified. However, a continuation of the analysis could help to identify opportunities for shared services.

Areas that Support Being a Best in Class Fire Department Agency

1. Unparalleled Experience throughout our Ranks – the level of experience from the firefighter to chief officer rank is unparalleled in the region. Many agencies in the area consult Colerain on our practices and approaches to a variety of fire, emergency medical and life safety issues. The participation of several of our key personnel is critical to the success of not only the aforementioned specialized regional response and mitigation teams, as well as Command 400, a regional incident command vehicle equipped with radio communication equipment, computer network system and video equipment that is utilized at large scale incidents; and the Southwest Ohio Incident Management Team – a scalable group of specially trained and experienced individuals that provide for enhanced

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

command, control, coordination, support and management during emergency and disaster events. 2. Organizational Drive to Deliver Exceptional Customer Service – the prevailing attitude throughout the organization is to exceed customer expectations in everything we do. This attitude and drive separates us from the rest. As new personnel enter the organization they are trained to higher levels and ingrained with our customer service standards. 3. Unequalled Training Program to Assure Highest Service Level Possible – A training and education approach that is unequalled in the area. In many organizations, State required certification levels are the target. At Colerain they are basic requirements for entry into the organization. New employees serve in a precepting program for up to 90-days to assure their basic training foundation is acceptable. Once that is determined new employees enter regular service and begin the process of continuous advanced in-service training. Skill levels of employees are regularly evaluated by shift officers, training officers, and physician medical directors throughout their service period with the organization. The training envelope is continuously pushed in the organization. Total annual training hours accumulated by personnel significantly exceed those which typically occur in other area departments. 4. Most Extensive EMS Quality Assurance Program in Region – the program provides the assurance that the performance of the EMS providers who operate under the medical director’s supervision and authority meet acceptable standards of care and minimal competency. As such, the program establishes a quality management program that allows for the collection, analysis and usage of data to make changes that ultimately helps to improve the care provided by our agency. 5. Highest Insurance Services Office (ISO) Numerical Rating in Region – the Department of Fire and EMS has the highest ISO numerical rating score in the area and its ISO score ranks the department in the upper one-percent nationally.

Areas of Improvement Needed to Become a Best in Class Fire Department Agency

1. Continue to improve services to achieve a lower Insurance Services Office (ISO) fire insurance rating; this has the potential to provide for lower cost of fire insurance in the community. The ISO evaluates public fire-protection services and classifies a communities’ ability to suppress fires. Currently, the Department of Fire and EMS has a Class 2 rating and will work to improve to a Class 1 rated agency. 2. Pursue fire department accreditation status. Accreditation through the Commission on Fire Service Accreditation International and the Center for Public Safety Excellence is a worldwide measure of excellence. The accreditation process helps to determine community risks and fire safety needs, evaluates the performance of the agency, and provides a system for continuous improvement. By conducting a comprehensive assessment and identifying areas of improvement is a responsible course of action. Having a detailed evaluation for the Department’s use provides a basis for good decision making. Finally, it reassures the citizens and stakeholders we serve and ultimately protects their interest and investment in Department’s services.

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

3. Progress as an organization to continually meet the needs and demands of the community, citizens and visitors by means of monitoring trends within and throughout the fire service to improve efficiency and effectiveness; and measure the department’s performance against established standards and adjust to meet those standards. 4. Promote community risk reduction programs and strategies as a fundamental means to preserve our community. Community risk reduction programs have the potential to directly impact the safety of firefighters, citizens and visitors. These programs may eliminate or reduce the need for a response and can prepare the community to prevent, respond or recover from the daily emergencies, as well natural and human-caused disaster events.

Planned Changes in 2014 as a Result of the Benchmarking Exercise

Marketing for the Department of Fire and EMS will be an ongoing initiative that will specifically address the key stakeholder groups and customize messaging and key communication points for each stakeholder. The true benefits of the fire protection and emergency medical services model provided by the Department can only be realized through accurate, timely and appropriate marketing and communication strategies that clearly articulate the proven and potential benefits for receiving services from Colerain Fire and EMS. The Department is committed to identifying and implementing available sources of revenue in order to fund operational and capital improvements, and to lessen the burden of its operations on the tax payer. The Department will seek to capture additional revenues through the enhanced reimbursable services and available grants (federal, public and private). The Department is committed to providing consistent, high-quality services to the public. Within this context the Department will routinely examine its operations and seek to identify strategies which contain or reduce costs without reducing service levels. As the cost of government services and funding challenges increase, the Department recognizes the necessity of minimizing unplanned expenditures. The Department is committed to developing a sound plan which will allow for the timely improvement and replacement of capital assets and infrastructure. The Department of Fire and EMS will continue to work with the Board of Trustees, Township Administration and Departments, the Financial Advisory Committee and other local and regional stakeholders to ensure policy development and decision making for the Department results in the appropriate local control, operational effectiveness and cost containment necessary to sustain the emergency services delivery system.

It is recognized that this report contains a significant amount of information and Colerain Fire and EMS would like to thank the fire chiefs and their designees of each fire department agency involved for their tireless efforts in bringing this project to fruition. Colerain Fire and EMS would also like to thank the various individuals for their input, opinions, and candid conversations throughout this process. It is with expectation that the information contained in this report will be utilized to its fullest extent and that its content will afford the Township and

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

fire department leadership the opportunity to engage in timely and productive policy discussions on the future of the fire department.

In closing, it must be conveyed that the delivery of effective fire, emergency medical and life safety services are important to creating a positive quality of life within a community. The impact of fire is well established, costing thousands of lives each year, billions of dollars in damage, and representing one of the most significant disruptions to life that can occur to a family, business, or community.

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

APPENDIX A Surveyed Fire Departments

Anderson Township Fire & Rescue Hamilton Fire Department 7850 Five Mile Road 77 Pershing Avenue Anderson Township, Ohio 45230-2356 Hamilton, Ohio 45011-3022 Mark Ober, Fire Chief Steve Dawson, Fire Chief (513) 688-8400 (513) 785 – 7501

Beavercreek Township Fire Department Jackson Township Fire Department 851 Orchard Lane 7383 Fulton Drive NW Beavercreek, Ohio 45434-7228 Massillon, Ohio 44646-9393 David VandenBos, Fire Chief Tracy Hogue, Fire Chief (937) 426-1213 (330) 834 – 3950

Bowling Green Fire Department Lisle-Woodridge Fire Protection District 625 East 6th Street 1005 School Street Bowling Green, Kentucky 42101-2320 Lisle, Illinois 60532-1866 Greg Johnson, Fire Chief Thomas K. Freeman, Fire Chief (270) 393 – 3702 (630) 353 – 3000

Covington Fire Department Macomb Township Fire Department 638 Madison Avenue 16820 25 Mile Road Covington, Kentucky 41011-2422 Macomb, Michigan 48042-1704 Dan Mathew, Fire Chief Robert Phillips, Fire Chief (859) 292 – 2345 (586) 677 – 1262

Fishers Fire Department Mentor Fire Department 2 Municipal Drive 8467 Civic Center Boulevard Fishers, Indiana 46038-1547 Mentor, Ohio 44060-2415 Steve Orusa, Fire Chief Richard Harvey, Fire Chief (317) 595 - 3201 (440) 974 – 5765

Green Township Fire & EMS Department Miami Valley Fire District 6303 Harrison Avenue 2710 Lyons Road Cincinnati, Ohio 45247-7818 Miamisburg, Ohio 45342-3720 Doug Witsken, Fire Chief Matthew Queen, Fire Chief (513) 574-0474 (937) 560 – 2152

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

APPENDIX A continued Surveyed Fire Departments

Midwest City Fire Department Taylor Fire Department 8201 East Reno Street 23345 Goddard Road Midwest City, Oklahoma 73110-7503 Taylor, Michigan 48180-4163 Randy Olsen, Fire Chief Robert Tompos, Fire Chief (405) 739 – 1340 (734) 374 – 1355

Milford Fire Department Washington Township Fire Department 72 New Haven Avenue 8320 McEwen Road Milford, Connecticut 06460-4827 Dayton, OH 45458-2041 Robert Healey, Acting Fire Chief Bill Gaul, Fire Chief (203) 874 – 6321 (937) 433 – 3083

Novi Fire Department West Chester Fire Department 45125 West Ten Mile Road 9119 Cincinnati-Dayton Road Novi, Michigan 48375-3006 West Chester, Ohio 45069-3840 Jeffery Johnson, Dir. of EMS & Fire Ops. Anthony Goller, Fire Chief (248) 349 – 2162 (513) 777 – 1133

Pike Township Fire Department Ypsilanti Township Fire Department 4881 71st Street 222 South Ford Boulevard Indianapolis, Indiana 46268-2149 Ypsilanti, Michigan 48198-6067 Robert Smith, Fire Chief Eric Copeland, Fire Chief (317) 347 - 5860 (734) 544 - 4100

Plain Township Fire Department 2600 Easton Street NE Canton, Ohio 44721-2600 Donald Snyder, Fire Chief (330) 492 – 4089

Skokie Fire Department 7424 Niles Center Road Skokie, Illinois 60077-3230 Ralph Czerwinski, Fire Chief (817) 982 – 5300

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

APPENDIX B Questionnaire Instrument

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

APPENDIX B continued Questionnaire Instrument

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

APPENDIX B continued Questionnaire Instrument

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

APPENDIX B continued Questionnaire Instrument

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

APPENDIX B continued Questionnaire Instrument

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

APPENDIX B continued Questionnaire Instrument

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

APPENDIX C Questionnaire Response Data

COMMUNITY DIMENSIONS LAND USAGE No. of FIRE STATIONS

Land No. of Sq. Mi. Type of Population Area Urban & Fire Department Agency County Population Rural Staffed Fire covered Government Density (sq. Suburban Stations per station mi.)

Colerain Twp. Dept. of Fire & EMS Township Hamilton 58,499 1,354 43.2 93% 7% 5 8.6 Anderson Twp., OH Fire Dept. Township Hamilton 43,857 1,406 31.2 97% 3% 4 7.8 Covington, KY Fire Dept. City Kenton 40,640 2,966 13.7 95% 5% 5 2.7 Green Twp., OH Fire Dept. Township Hamilton 58,370 2,092 27.9 4 7.0 Hamilton, OH Fire Dept. City Butler 62,477 2,830 22.1 95% 5% 5 4.4 Jackson Twp., OH Fire Dept. Township Stark 40,373 1,088 37.1 85% 15% 5 7.4 Lisle-Woodridge, IL Fire Prot. Dist. Village DuPage 70,000 2,188 32.0 100% 0% 5 6.4 Mentor, OH Fire Dept. City Lake 47,023 1,679 28.0 100% 0% 5 5.6 Milford, CT Fire Dept. City New Haven 56,424 2,411 23.4 100% 0% 4 5.9 Pike Twp., IN Fire Dept. Township Marion 77,895 1,766 44.1 90% 10% 5 8.8 West Chester Twp., OH Fire Dept. Township Butler 62,582 1,763 35.5 87% 13% 5 7.1

DISCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

COMMUNITY DIMENSIONS LAND USAGE No. of FIRE STATIONS

Land No. of Sq. Mi. Type of Population Area Urban & Fire Department Agency County Population Rural Staffed Fire covered Government Density (sq. Suburban Stations per station mi.) Colerain Twp. Dept. of Fire & EMS Township Hamilton 58,499 1,354 43.2 93% 7% 5 8.6

Mean (Average): 55,964 2,019 29.5 94% 6% 5 6.3 Median (Middle): 57,397 2,019 29.6 95% 5% 5 6.7 Maximum (High): 77,895 2,966 44.1 100% 15% 5 8.8 Minimum (Low): 40,373 1,088 13.7 85% 0% 4 2.7 Range: 37,522 1,878 30.4 15% 15% 1 6.1

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

APPENDIX C continued Questionnaire Response Data

COMMUNITY FINANCIAL PROFILE

2012 Alternative 2012 Fire 2012 Fire 2012 Capital Primary Effective Cost per 2012 Fire Dept. Fire Department Agency Total Valuation Jurisdictional Funding Dept. Dept. Budget Budget Funding Source Millage Citizen Revenue Budget Sources Expenditures

User Fees, $12,394,368.0 Colerain Twp. Dept. of Fire & EMS $1,304,000,000 $29,176,823 $12,500,000 $957,000 Property Tax Levy Permit Fees & 9.06 $213.68 $12,198,784 0 UserGrants Fees, Anderson Twp., OH Fire Dept. $1,161,644,000 $34,302,985 $9,670,800 $250,000 Property Tax Levy Permit Fees, 6.52 $220.51 $8,400,000 $9,165,448 Grants, & TIF Covington, KY Fire Dept. $1,972,617,700 $45,666,203 $11,930,000 General Fund User Fees $293.55 $1,180,999 $12,585,780 User Fees, Green Twp., OH Fire Dept. $1,071,320,660 $39,998,094 $7,489,259 $534,240 Property Tax Levy Permit Fees, 8.67 $128.31 $7,440,127 $7,440,127 Grants, & TIF User Fees & Hamilton, OH Fire Dept. $885,000,000 $36,000,000 $13,400,000 General Fund $214.48 $1,700,000 Grants User Fees & Property Tax Levy Jackson Twp., OH Fire Dept. $1,300,000,000 $33,000,000 $10,100,000 $1,300,000 Permit Fees 6.00 $250.17 $7,600,000 $9,500,000 User Fees, Lisle-Woodridge, IL Fire Prot. Dist. $2,277,401,808 $23,638,792 $1,068,486 Property Tax Levy $337.70 Permit Fees Mentor, OH Fire Dept. $1,363,079,440 $51,255,497 $9,806,167 $210,800 General Fund $208.54 $3,122,872 $9,785,652

Milford, CT Fire Dept. $5,410,000,000 $10,568,704 $10,445,704 $123,000 Property Tax Levy User Fees $185.13 $3,000 $10,568,704

Pike Twp., IN Fire Dept. $4,522,322,662 $20,890,000 $20,202,338 $687,900 General Fund User Fees $259.35

User Fees, EMS Property Tax Levy West Chester Twp., OH Fire Dept. $2,083,000,000 $38,860,242 $12,532,465 $632,125 Billing & TIF 6.00 $200.26 $12,077,001 $11,843,304

DISCRIPTIVE STATISTICS COMMUNITY FINANCIAL PROFILE

User Fees, Property Tax Levy Colerain Twp. Dept. of Fire & EMS $1,304,000,000 $29,176,823 $12,500,000 $957,000 Permit Fees & 9.06 $213.68 $12,394,368 $12,198,784 Grants Mean (Average): $2,204,638,627 $34,504,636 $12,921,553 $600,819 6.80 $229.80 $5,190,500 $10,127,002 Median (Middle): $1,667,848,570 $36,000,000 $11,187,852 $583,183 6.26 $217.49 $5,281,500 $9,785,652 Maximum (High): $5,410,000,000 $51,255,497 $23,638,792 $1,300,000 8.67 $337.70 $12,077,001 $12,585,780 Minimum (Low): $885,000,000 $10,568,704 $7,489,259 $123,000 6.00 $128.31 $3,000 $7,440,127 Range: $4,525,000,000 $40,686,793 $16,149,533 $1,177,000 2.67 $209.39 $12,074,001 $5,145,653

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

APPENDIX C continued Questionnaire Response Data

CONTRACTED SERVICES AGENCY STAFFING PROFILE LEVEL of EMS SERVICE ANCILLARY FIRE DEPT. SERVICES PROVIDED

PROVIDED

Mat Mat Time

Type of Time

- -

Fire Department Agency - EMS

Staffing First

Total Total Code Code

Other

Public

& EMS &EMS

Career Career

Rescue

Review

Support Support

Disaster Training

Haz

Does Not Not Does

Basic LifeBasic Technical

Response

(Support) (Support)

Part Part Education Education

Responder

Training or

(Uniformed) (Uniformed) EMS Provide

Enforcement Enforcement

Management

RegionalFire

Investigation

Advanced Life Advanced

BuildingPlans

FireProtection Origin &Cause Colerain Twp. Dept. of Fire & EMS Combination 53 2 125 2 182 X X X X X X X X  X   Anderson Twp., OH Fire Dept. Career 61 1 0 0 62 X X X X X X X X X

Covington, KY Fire Dept. Career 116 1 0 0 117 X X X X X

Green Twp., OH Fire Dept. Combination 43 2 48 0 93 X X X X X X X X X

Hamilton, OH Fire Dept. Career 95 1 0 0 96 X X X X X X X X X

Jackson Twp., OH Fire Dept. Combination 66 0 25 0 91 X X X X X X

Lisle-Woodridge, IL Fire Prot. Dist. Career 110 6 0 0 116 X X X X X X X X

Mentor, OH Fire Dept. Combination 70 1 34 0 105 X X X X X X X X X

Milford, CT Fire Dept. Career 113 13 0 0 126 X X X X X X X X

Pike Twp., IN Fire Dept. Career 141 13 0 0 154 X X X X X X

West Chester Twp., OH Fire Dept. Combination 57 3 73 2 135 X X X X X X X X X

DISCRIPTIVE STATISTICS CONTRACTED SERVICES AGENCY STAFFING PROFILE LEVEL of EMS SERVICE ANCILLARY FIRE DEPT. SERVICES PROVIDED

PROVIDED

Mat Mat Time

Type of Time

- -

Fire Department Agency - EMS

Staffing First

Total Total Code Code

Other

Public

& EMS &EMS

Career Career

Rescue

Review

Support Support

Disaster Training

Haz

Does Not Not Does

Basic LifeBasic Technical

Response

(Support) (Support)

Part Part Education Education

Responder

Training or

(Uniformed) (Uniformed) EMS Provide

Enforcement Enforcement

Management

RegionalFire

Investigation

Advanced Life Advanced

BuildingPlans

FireProtection Origin &Cause Colerain Twp. Dept. of Fire & EMS Combination 53 2 125 2 182 X X X X X X X X  X  

Mean (Average): 87 4 18 0 110

Median (Middle): 83 2 0 0 111

Maximum (High): 141 13 73 2 154

Minimum (Low): 43 0 0 0 62

Range: 98 13 73 2 92

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

APPENDIX C continued Questionnaire Response Data

No. of COMPANIES or UNITS No. of PERSONNEL ASSIGNED TO: COMMAND STAFF

Fire Department Agency

Transport

Units Total

Other

No. of of No. of No. of No. of No.

Engine -

Engine Ladder Ladder

Rescue Rescue

Captain

Transport Transport

EMS Units EMS

Companies Companies Companies Ambulance

Ambulance

No. of Non of No.

Deputy Chief Deputy

District ChiefDistrict

DivisionChief

Non

Assistant Chief Assistant Chief Battalion Colerain Twp. Dept. of Fire & EMS 5 1 1 5 2 4 5 2 2 2 1 1 3 0 2 0 0 7 Anderson Twp., OH Fire Dept. 3 1 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 4 Covington, KY Fire Dept. 4 2 1 3 0 3 3 2 2 0 0 2 3 0 0 12 0 17 Green Twp., OH Fire Dept. 4 1 0 4 0 4 4 0 2 0 0 1 0 4 0 1 0 6 Hamilton, OH Fire Dept. 4 1 0 3 0 3 3 0 2 0 6 0 0 0 0 7 0 13 Jackson Twp., OH Fire Dept. 4 1 1 5 0 3 5 5 3 2 1 3 0 0 16 0 22 Lisle-Woodridge, IL Fire Prot. Dist. 4 2 0 3 0 3 3 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 3 0 0 8 Mentor, OH Fire Dept. 5 1 2 5 0 3 2 2 2 0 3 0 0 0 15 20 Milford, CT Fire Dept. 6 1 0 2 0 3 2 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 0 6 Pike Twp., IN Fire Dept. 5 2 1 4 0 4 4 0 2 0 1 0 3 0 3 14 0 21 Cross- West Chester Twp., OH Fire Dept. 5 1 1 4 1 4 4 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 6 15 23 Staffed

DISCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

No. of COMPANIES or UNITS No. of PERSONNEL ASSIGNED TO: COMMAND STAFF

Chief

Fire Department Agency

Transport

Units Total

Other

No. of of No. of No. of No. of No.

Engine -

Engine Ladder Ladder

Rescue Rescue

Captain

Transport Transport

EMS Units EMS

Companies Companies Companies Ambulance

Ambulance

No. of Non of No.

Deputy Deputy

District ChiefDistrict

DivisionChief

Non

Assistant Chief Assistant Chief Battalion Colerain Twp. Dept. of Fire & EMS 5 1 1 5 2 4 5 2 2 2 1 1 3 0 2 0 0 7

Mean (Average): 4 1 1 4 0 3 3 1 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 6 3 14 Median (Middle): 4 1 1 4 0 3 3 0 2 0 1 1 3 0 0 4 0 15 Maximum (High): 6 2 2 5 1 4 5 5 3 0 6 2 3 4 3 16 15 23 Minimum (Low): 3 1 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Range: 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 5 1 0 6 2 3 4 3 16 15 19

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

APPENDIX C continued Questionnaire Response Data

STAFFING LEVELS AGENCY EVALUATIONS

Avg. On Average Avg. On Duty ISO: ISO: Total CPSE Minimum Maximum Duty On-Duty Career / Part- Fire Department Agency Daily Ffrs. / 1,000 Classification Credit Accredited Staffing Staffing Ffrs. / Time Ratio Staffing Population Rating Assigned Agency Sq. Mile

Colerain Twp. Dept. of Fire & EMS 27 33 32.5 0.56 0.75 15/18 (45%/55%) 2 85.16 No Anderson Twp., OH Fire Dept. 16 18 16.9 0.39 0.54 3 71.38 No Covington, KY Fire Dept. 27 0 27.0 0.66 1.97 2 83.80 No Green Twp., OH Fire Dept. 17 20 19.0 0.33 0.68 13/8 (65%/35%) 3 70.00 No Hamilton, OH Fire Dept. 22 27 22.0 0.35 1.00 2 80.37 No Jackson Twp., OH Fire Dept. 16 23 18.0 0.45 0.49 21/2 (91%/7%) 3 71.74 No Lisle-Woodridge, IL Fire Prot. Dist. 25 34 25.0 0.36 0.78 1 93.00 Yes Mentor, OH Fire Dept. 21 25 23.0 0.49 0.82 11/14 (44%/56%) 3 No Milford, CT Fire Dept. 23 27 24.0 0.43 0.98 1 91.32 No Pike Twp., IN Fire Dept. 47 47 47.0 0.60 1.07 4 67.12 No West Chester Twp., OH Fire Dept. 25 29 29.0 0.46 0.82 20/9 (69%/31%) 3 76.56 No

DISCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

STAFFING LEVELS AGENCY EVALUATIONS

Mean (Average): 24 25 25.1 0.45 0.91 16/8 (68%/32%) 3 78.37 Median (Middle): 23 26 23.5 0.44 0.82 17/9 (67%/33%) 3 76.56 Maximum (High): 47 47 47.0 0.66 1.97 1 93.00 Minimum (Low): 16 0 16.9 0.33 0.49 4 67.12 Range: 31 47 30.1 0.34 1.49 25.88

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

APPENDIX C continued Questionnaire Response Data

EMERGENCY INCIDENT ACTIVITY

Average Average Average 2012 EMS Average 2012 Total Average 2012 EMS Fire 2012 EMS Incidents / 2012 Fire 2012 Fire Request Total Estimated Estimated Dollar Fire Department Agency EMS Response Response Incidents 1,000 Incidents Incidents for Service Incidents Dollar Loss Saved Incidents Time Time per Day Population per Day Incidents per Day (minutes) (minutes)

Colerain Twp. Dept. of Fire & EMS 6,944 19 119 0:05:33 3,657 10 0:05:25 10,601 29 $838,350 $3,788,368 Anderson Twp., OH Fire Dept. 3,085 8 70 0:04:28 866 2 0:05:37 3,951 11 $899,000 $10,483,094 Covington, KY Fire Dept. 9,430 26 232 0:06:02 2,712 7 0:06:02 12,150 33 $1,255,365

Green Twp., OH Fire Dept. 4,973 14 85 1,656 5 0:04:49 6,629 18 $206,165 $7,547,285

Hamilton, OH Fire Dept. 9,084 25 145 0:05:25 3,008 8 0:05:15 12,092 33 Jackson Twp., OH Fire Dept. 3,885 11 96 0:04:00 1,518 4 0:04:00 5,403 15 Lisle-Woodridge, IL Fire Prot. Dist. 3,884 11 55 0:03:22 1,944 5 0:03:56 5,828 16 $716,250

Mentor, OH Fire Dept. 5,222 14 111 0:04:37 2,042 6 0:06:10 7,264 20 $641,690 $7,469,000 Milford, CT Fire Dept. 4,561 12 81 0:05:59 3,406 9 0:05:59 7,967 22 $1,024,500

Pike Twp., IN Fire Dept. 8,306 23 107 0:05:24 2,163 6 0:05:20 10,469 29 $1,697,459 $577,893,872 West Chester Twp., OH Fire Dept. 3,925 11 63 0:05:13 1,742 5 0:09:22 5,667 16 $851,320 $132,859,743

DISCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

EMERGENCY INCIDENT ACTIVITY

Colerain Twp. Dept. of Fire & EMS 6,944 19 119 0:05:33 3,657 10 0:05:25 10,601 29 $838,350 $3,788,368

Mean (Average): 5,636 15 105 0:04:57 2,106 6 0:05:39 7,742 21 $911,469 $147,250,599 Median (Middle): 4,767 13 91 0:05:13 1,993 5 0:05:29 6,947 19 $875,160 $10,483,094 Maximum (High): 9,430 232 232 0:06:02 3,406 9 0:09:22 12,150 33 $1,697,459 $577,893,872 Minimum (Low): 3,085 8 55 0:03:22 866 2 0:03:56 3,951 11 $206,165 $7,469,000 Range: 6,345 224 177 0:02:40 2,540 7 0:05:26 8,199 22 $1,491,294 $570,424,872

Colerain Township Department of Fire & EMS Benchmarking Report

APPENDIX C continued Questionnaire Response Data

Battalion or Battalion or Fire Fire Fire Fire Paramedic Paramedic Firefighter Firefighter Deputy Deputy Assistant Division Fire Fire Chief District District Captain Captain Lieutenant Lieutenant Firefighter Firefighter / Inspector / Inspector Fire Department Agency Chief Base Chief Top Chief Chief Marshal Chief Base Chief Top Base Top Base Top Base Top Base Top

Colerain Twp. Dept. of Fire & EMS $106,271 $93,661 $93,661 $90,956 $78,398 $82,172 $84,432 $73,516 $76,486 $43,908 $71,018 $53,598 $69,241

Anderson Twp., OH Fire Dept. $111,561 $92,873 $87,790 $87,790 $78,518 $78,518 $49,166 $71,380

Covington, KY Fire Dept. $99,312 $89,244 $78,947 $78,947 $66,531 $75,390 $62,939 $71,280 $43,874 $63,365 $38,929 $55,936

Green Twp., OH Fire Dept. $103,688 $92,043 $76,843 $80,503 $76,843 $70,499 $73,184 $49,741 $67,142

Hamilton, OH Fire Dept. $97,865 $85,100 $89,700 $68,000 $74,000 $78,000 $62,000 $68,000 $54,000 $65,000 $45,500 $60,000

Jackson Twp., OH Fire Dept. $89,800 $80,520 $80,520 $73,200 $73,200 $64,053 $64,053 $55,915 $55,915 $49,500 $49,500

Lisle-Woodridge, IL Fire Prot. Dist. $150,000 $135,000 $135,000 $113,000 $113,000 $113,000 $102,000 $102,000 $90,000 $90,000 $78,000 $78,000 $60,000 $60,000

Mentor, OH Fire Dept. $125,915 $103,581 $103,581 $85,735 $90,392 $77,370 $80,886 $51,499 $72,381

Milford, CT Fire Dept. $99,714 $88,084 $79,187 $81,991 $88,084 $72,185 $74,987 $64,728 $67,497 $52,550 $61,123 $52,500 $61,623

Pike Twp., IN Fire Dept. $96,000 $92,000 $92,000 $66,641 $61,192 $61,192 $58,596 $58,596 $57,758 $57,758

West Chester Twp., OH Fire Dept. $106,793 $92,927 $80,366 $80,366 $71,687 $78,454 $51,745 $67,629

DISCRIPTIVE STATISTICS 2012 SALARIES

Battalion or Battalion or Fire Fire Fire Fire Paramedic Paramedic Deputy Deputy Assistant Division Fire Firefighter Firefighter Fire Chief District District Captain Captain Lieutenant Lieutenant Firefighter Firefighter Fire Department Agency Chief Chief Chief Chief Marshal / Inspector / Inspector Chief Base Chief Top Base Top Base Top Base Top

Colerain Twp. Dept. of Fire & EMS $106,271 $93,661 $93,661 $90,956 $78,398 $82,172 $84,432 $73,516 $76,486 $43,908 $71,018 $53,598 $69,241

Mean (Average): $108,065 $99,240 $100,160 $91,034 $84,957 $84,058 $113,000 $77,642 $74,332 $76,570 $70,704 $74,046 $54,425 $65,969 $49,286 $57,412 Median (Middle): $101,701 $92,000 $92,000 $92,043 $79,067 $81,247 $113,000 $76,843 $72,185 $75,390 $70,499 $73,184 $52,148 $66,071 $49,500 $60,000 Maximum (High): $150,000 $135,000 $135,000 $92,927 $113,000 $113,000 $113,000 $88,084 $102,000 $102,000 $90,000 $90,000 $78,000 $78,000 $60,000 $61,623 Minimum (Low): $89,800 $80,520 $80,520 $88,084 $73,200 $66,641 $113,000 $68,000 $61,192 $61,192 $58,596 $58,596 $43,874 $55,915 $38,929 $49,500 Range: $60,200 $54,480 $54,480 $4,843 $39,800 $46,359 $0 $20,084 $40,808 $40,808 $31,404 $31,404 $34,126 $22,085 $21,071 $12,123