Wichita, Kansas - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia 23-05-13 16:42 Wichita, Kansas Coordinates: 37°41!20"N 97°20!10"W from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Wichita, Kansas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 23-05-13 16:42 Wichita, Kansas Coordinates: 37°41!20"N 97°20!10"W From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [6] Wichita pron.: /ˈwɪtʃɨtɔː/ WICH-ə-taw is the largest Wichita, Kansas city in the U.S. state of Kansas.[7] According to the 2011 United States Census Bureau estimate, the city — City — population was 384,445.[8] Located in south-central Kansas on the Arkansas River, Wichita is the county seat of Sedgwick County and the principal city of the Wichita metropolitan area.[9] As of 2011, the metro area had a population of 630,721;[10] the Wichita- Winfield combined statistical area (CSA) population was 661,798.[8] The city was incorporated in 1870, based on the success of businessmen who came to hunt and trade with native populations. Wichita's position on the Chisholm Trail made it a destination for cattle drives heading north to access railroads to eastern Flag [11] [12] markets. Seal Nickname(s): The Air Capital Of The World, ICT, From the early to late 20th century, aircraft pioneers Dub-K such as Clyde Cessna, "Matty" Laird, Lloyd Stearman Walter Beech, Al Mooney and Bill Lear began aircraft-manufacturing enterprises that would lead to Wichita becoming the nation's leading city in numbers of aircraft produced, and its nicknaming as the Air Capital of the World. The aircraft corporations E. M. Laird Aviation Company (the nation's first successful Location in the state of Kansas commercial airplane manufacturer), Travel Air (started Coordinates: 37°41!20"N 97°20!10"W by Beech, Stearman and Cessna), Stearman, Cessna, Beechcraft and Mooney were all founded in Wichita Country United States between 1920 and early 1932.[13]. By 1931, Boeing State Kansas (of Seattle, Washington) had absorbed Stearman, County Sedgwick creating "Boeing-Wichita", which would eventually Founded 1863 [14] [15] grow to become Kansas' largest employer. Incorporated 1870 Today, Cessna Aircraft Co. (the world's highest- Government volume airplane manufacturer) and Beechcraft remain • Type Council-Manager based in Wichita, along with Learjet and Boeing's • Mayor Carl Brewer chief subassembly supplier, Spirit AeroSystems. Both • City Manager Robert Layton Airbus and Boeing maintain a workforce in Wichita, Area[1] and Bombardier (parent company of Learjet) has other • City 163.59 sq mi (423.70 km2) divisions in Wichita as well. Over 50 other aviation • Land 159.29 sq mi (412.56 km2) businesses operate in the Wichita MSA, as well • Water 4.30 sq mi (11.14 km2) dozens of suppliers and subcontractors to the local Elevation 1,299 ft (396 m) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas Pagina 1 van 29 Wichita, Kansas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 23-05-13 16:42 aircraft manufacturers. In total, Wichita and its Population (2010)[2] companies have manufactured an estimated 250,000 aircraft since Clyde Cessna's first Wichita-built aircraft • City 382,368 in 1916.[14] [16] [17] [18] • Estimate (2011[3]) 384,445 • Density 2,400.5/sq mi (926.8/km2) In 2007, Wichita built 977 aircraft, ranging from • Metro 630,721 single-engine light aircraft to the world's fastest • CSA 667,172 civiilian jet; one-fifth of the civilian aircraft produced Demonym Wichitan in United States that year, plus numerous small military aircraft.[18] [19][16] [17] Time zone CST (UTC-6) • Summer (DST) CDT (UTC-5) A legacy of the early 20th-Century oil boom in ZIP Codes 67201-67221, 67223, 67226- neighboring Butler County, Kansas, Wichita became a 67228, 67230, 67232, 67235, major oil town, with dozens of oil exploration 67260, 67275-67278 companies and support enterprises. Most famous of Area code(s) 316 these was Koch Industries, today a global natural- FIPS code 20-79000[4] resources empire, and one of America's two largest GNIS feature ID 0473862[5] privately held companies. still headquartered in Wichita. The city was also at one time the Website www.wichita.gov headquarters of the former Derby Oil Company, which (http://www.wichita.gov/) was purchased by Coastal Corporation in 1988. An area cultural center, Wichita is home to Intrust Bank Arena as well as numerous nightclubs, restaurants, shopping centers, museums and parks. Several universities are in Wichita, the largest being Wichita State University with an enrollment of 15,000 students. In July 2006, CNN/Money and Money magazine ranked Wichita 9th on its list of the 10 best U.S. big cities in which to live.[20] In 2008, MSN Real Estate ranked Wichita 1st on its list of most affordable cities.[21] Wichita was also named most "Uniquely American" city by Newsmax Magazine.[22] Contents 1 History 1.1 Prehistory and exploration 1.2 Pioneer Traders & Boosters 1.3 "The Air Capital of the World" 1.4 Entrepreneurial hub 2 Geography 2.1 Climate 2.2 Neighborhoods 3 Demographics 3.1 2010 census 3.2 Demographic history 3.3 Metropolitan area 4 Economy 4.1 Aircraft Manufacturing 5 Government 6 Culture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas Pagina 2 van 29 Wichita, Kansas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 23-05-13 16:42 6.1 Events 6.2 Points of interest 6.3 Sports 6.4 In popular culture and the arts 7 Media 8 Education 8.1 Primary and secondary education 8.2 Colleges and universities 8.3 Libraries 9 Transportation 9.1 Highway 9.2 Mass Transit 9.3 Walkability 9.4 Air 9.5 Rail 10 Notable people 11 Sister cities 12 Gallery 13 See also 14 References 15 Further reading 16 External links History Prehistory and exploration The site at the confluence of the Arkansas and Little Arkansas Rivers has served as a trading center and meeting place for nomadic hunting people for at least 11,000 years.[23] Human habitation in the Wichita area has been dated, in archeological digs, as far back as 3,000 B.C.[24] The area was visited by Francisco Vásquez de Coronado in 1541, while he was in search of the fabulous "cities of gold". While there, he encountered a group of Indians whom he called Quiviras and who have been identified by Downtown Wichita viewed from the west archaeological and historical studies as Wichita Indians. By bank of the Arkansas River 1719, these people had moved south to Oklahoma, where they met French traders. Pioneer Traders & Boosters The first permanent settlement in Wichita was a collection of grass houses inhabited by the Wichita Indians in 1863. They had moved back to Wichita from Oklahoma during the American Civil War because of their pro-Union sentiments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas Pagina 3 van 29 Wichita, Kansas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 23-05-13 16:42 Pioneer trader Jesse Chisholm -- half-white, half-Native American, illterate but speaking multiple Indian languages -- established a trading post at the site in the 1860s, and traded cattle and goods with the Wichita Indians at points south along a trail from Wichita into present-day Oklahoma (and eventually into Texas) that became known as the Chisholm Trail, soon legendary in Western lore.[12] Chisholm was soon exclipsed in the area by three astute businessmen: commercial buffalo hunters and traders Jamres R. Mead (of Iowa), William Greiffenstein (a German immigrant merchant), and Buffalo Bill Mathewson (not to be confused with Buffalo Bill Cody); these men led the initial commercial development of the area, becoming key landowners of what became the city of Wichita.[12] Hunters, farmers and Indians in the area all turned to the newborn tiny settlement as a principal trading center for the area, while Wichita's entrepreneurs began an aggressive sales campaign to lure more settlers (their future customers and tenants) to the area, with the "boosterism" typical of successful early prairie settlements. The city, on the east bank of the Arkansas river, was officially incorporated in 1870.[25] Among the signatories on the town charter was a lone woman, the town laundry operator, Catherine "The Widow" McCarty, whose elder teenage son, after leaving Wichita, would become the infamous, short-lived gunman,Billy the Kid.[12] Wichita's position on the Chisholm Trail made it a destination for cattle drives headed north to access railroads to eastern markets. As a result, Wichita became a railhead destination for cattle drives from Texas and other south-western points, from whence it has derived its nickname "Cowtown." Wichita's neighboring town on the opposite (west) bank of the Arkansas river, Delano, a village of saloons and brothels, had a particular reputation for lawlessness, largely accommodating the rough, visiting cattlemen. The Wichita/Delano community gained a wild reputation, however, the east (Wichita) side of the river was kept more civil, thanks to numerous well-known lawmen who passed through, employed to help keep the rowdy cowboys in line. Among those was Wyatt Earp.[12][11] Following the incorporation of the city in 1870, rapid immigration resulted in a land boom involving speculation into the late 1880s. Wichita annexed neighboring Delano in 1880. By 1890, Wichita had become the third largest city in the state (behind Kansas City and Topeka), with a population of nearly 24,000. After the boom the city suffered from 15 years of comparative depression and slow growth. An island in the middle of the Arkansas River, named Ackerman Island, was home to an amusement park and a dance pavilion. The island was connected to the West Bank of the river through a Work Projects Administration (WPA) project in the 1930s. Wichita reached national fame in 1900 when Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) member Carrie Nation decided to carry her crusade against alcohol to Wichita.