VOL. 39 FEBRUARY/MAY 1992 NOS. 1 & 2

INTERESTING USES OF STONE IN - PART I1 Harry W.Webb1 and Palmer C. Sweet . . The purpose of this article is to provide information on the /City Name(Locatio@scnptlon locations and uses of various types of dimension stone in Virginia. Bath Confederate monument (Warm Springs); marble statue on Architectural terms are defined in the Appendix (Virginia Miner- granite base als, v. 38, n. 4. .1992). A list of examples of interesting stone and Douthat Lake dam @outhat State park SR629); sandstone- brick features in most of the counties and cities follows the faced dam: 1934 introduction (Localities beginning with "Aare published in "Vir- Bedford Norfolk and Southern Railway station (City of Bedford); ginia Minerals", v. 38. n. 4, November 1992). Figures, previous to faced with reddish-brown sandstone (Figure 18) number 18, referenced in this text are in "VirginiaMinerals". v. 38, Dominion Bank (City of Bedford); ground floor faced with @ n. 4. This list is not a comprehensive survey of all stone and brick squares of red and black granite and with white exposed construction in the state; it presents only those interesting uses aggregate concrete; columns and belt course with black visible from the public roads. Each place on the list was visited. granite photographed, and described. The more recent uses of crushed Courthouse (City of Bedford); constructed of brick with * -- stone in exposed aggregatepanels and construction are not included steps of granite and columns of fossiliferous, fragmental herein. It is hoped that those interested in historic preservation will limestone; 1930 research the uses of stone and brick in their local areas and Bland Confederate monument (Bland); marble statue on granite, determine where the materials came from and the workmen who castle-like tower base; 1911 used them. Dimension stone has beenused in Virginia for the construction Botetourt Roaring Run fumace (near SR621 at George Washington of buildings, monuments, bridges, iron furnaces, dams, place National Forest Roaring Run Recreation Site); fumace markers, sidewalks, mills, locks, forts, overlooks, streets, light- constructed of sandstone blocks houses, and towers since the days of the early colonists. The stone Lime kilns (Eagle Rock); kilns constructed of limestone used for construction purposes in Virginia was obtained locally, with brick air vents from other states, and from foreign countries. For example, most Blue Ridge Parkway bridge overpass OJSH460 at Park- way); bridge arch faced with granite of the fossiliferous, fragmental limestone described in building use probably came from Indiana. Most of the stone used has been Brunswick Confederate monument (Lawrenceville); statue of granite, shaped by masons with various types of finishes and sometimes base with cawed flag, stone from Dinwiddie Co.; 1911 with carved ornamentation. In places. local field stones have been Brunswick Bank and Trust Co. (Lawrenceville); base faced used with little or no shaping. with granite and with fossiliferous, fragmental limestone above LIST OF USES OF STONE AND BRICK St Paul's Church (Lawrenceville at St. Paul's ); constructed of bEicks made by students, sandstone sills Following is a list of a number of interesting uses of stone and and buttress caps; black slate roof; 1904 Highway direction marker (Junction SR606 and 670 east of brick in the state. Localities are listed alphabetically by county/ Lawrenceville); granite stonemarker inscribed with road city. The listing includes county or city. example name, specific directions and date 1794 (Figure 19) location in parenthesis, and description of the stone or brick used. Completion or dedication dates are indicated for many examples. Buckingham County sign (VH20);slate sign with carved inscription Abbreviations used for locations are SH-State Highway; SR-State "BUCKINGHAM COUNT(Figure 14) Road; USH-U.S. Highway; IH-Interstate Highway. Dates with "c" Lotus Temple (Yogaville. SR604); temple with colored are approximate. See Appendix for definitions of architectural tiles, landscape ornaments of red and black granite from terms (Virginia Minerals. v. 38, n. 4). India * Church (Awonia); patterned roof and facing of slate from nearby quarries Deceased 2 VIRGINIA DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES Vol. 39

Figure 18. Norfolk and Southern Railway Figure 19. Highway direction marker. Figure 20. Patterned brick. Charlotte. Char- station, City of Bedford Bmwick County lotte County

Buena Vista Administration building Southern Seminary College arch bridge of local granite; 1823 (Buena Vista); constructed of brick with granite door and Chesterfield Historical Society museum (Chesterfield); first window trim, slate roof floor, granite blocks with some drill holes and incised mason marks, and the date 1842; upper floor brick with Campbell United Methodist Church sign (Leesville); constructed of granite trimmed windows; former jail Mt. Athos quartzite, "Virginia Log", from nearby quarry Confederatemonument(Chesterfield); monument base con- Leggetts (Altavista); building faced with "Virginia Green- structed of granite blocks stone" from Lynchburg and with quartz exposed-aggre- gate Clarke Confederate monument (Benyville); soldier statue with Vista Theater (Altavista); building faced with black-veined granite base serpentinite Christ Episcopal Church (SH255 near Briggs); constructed of limestone with slate roof; 1928 cornerstone Caroline Confederate monument (Bowling Green); statue with gran- Old Chapel (SH255 at Millwood); constructed of limestone; ite base (chiseled with name J. H. Brown, Richmond- 1796 (note: granite Confederate monument in adjacent 1906) cemetery) Former Alcoholic Beverage Control store (Bowling Green); faced with "Virginia Greenstone" from Lynchburg under Clifton Forge World War I monument (Sixth and Ridgeway streets); . window with fossiliferous, fragmental limestone above "Virginia Greenstone" from Lynchburg with cawed de- and to side sign on top First National Bank (Main Street); ground floor sided with Carroll Courthouse (Hillsville); constructed of brick with granite gray, black and red granite squares; adjacent decorative columns, bases, and arches trim; 1870 landscape di'splay composed of granite blocks bordered with exposed concrete aggregate Charles City- Confederatemonument (Charles City); granite obelisk; 1900 Westover Church (SH5 west of Bowens Store); brick wlo- Covington Allegheny County Courthouse (Monroe Ave.); faced with nial period church; 1731 ashlar granite; columns and window sill of fossiliferous. fragmental limestone; material above front windows is Charlotte Confederate monument (Charlotte Court House); marble aM1cial stone; 1910 statue with granite castle-like tower base; 1901 Confederate monument (Monroe Avenue at Courthouse); Clerk's office (Charlotte Court House) constructed of statue of marble on granite base with cawed polished brick in interesting patterns spheres and flag; 1911 Court House (Charlotte Court House); constructed of brick patterned with "sun" designs on portico floor (Figure20) Craig Confederatemonument(Newcastle); granite statueongran- ite base with cawed flag; 1912 Charlottesville Christ Episcopal Church (High Street); granite exterior with different finishes and cawings, stone from Richmond Little Fork Church (SR802 near junction SH229); colonial Jefferson-Madison Regional Library (Market Street); steps period church with Flemish bond brickwork, headers of granitefrom South Carolina; columns, belt course, and with ceramic glaze fiish, mbbed brick at comers; 1776 doorlwindow trim of marble from Georgia (Figure 21) Faiwiew Cemetery wall (USH522 west of Culpeper); outer Keller and George Jewelers (Main St.); faced with verd wall of red and green sandstone rubble from Culpeper antique from Italy adjacent to entrance and marble from County Vermont above entrance Post Office (Culpeper); exterior of granite blocks with quions and sills of fossiliferous, fragmental limestone Culpeper County Courthouse (Culpeper); entry steps of gray granite overlain by reddish- brown sandstone; 1870 Lower Rapidan Baptist Church (Rapidan); foundation con- structed of concrete blocks that resemble stone

Trenton Mills (SR613 at Trenton Mills); four-story mill constructed of local gneiss with slate roof Jones Chapel Baptist Church (SR617 near Trents Mill); faced with rubble quartzite and schist; quoins of ashlar granite; millstones from Tennessee in front wall on both sides of door Confederatemonument (Cumberland); granite obelisk with several contrasting omamentations

Texaco Station (N. Main Street); padally faced with "Vir- ginia Log" quartzite from Campbell County (Figure 9) Chesterfield Falling Creek bridge (USH1 south of Richmo@db multiple Post Office (S. Main at S. Ridge streets); ground floor faced Nos. 1 & 2 VIRGINIA MINERALS

Figure 21. Jefferson-Madison Regional Li- Figure22. LeeStatue,Cityof Charlottesville Figure 23 Soapstone statue, City of brary, City of Charlottesville Charlottesville

with gneiss; upper floors with fossiliferous, fragmental constructed of brick with slate roof (probably from local limestone; interior lobby floor with styolitic limestone quarry); 1830 with large coral fragments bordered by "Virginia Green- Museum (Warrenton); former jail constructed of 30" thick . stone" from Lynchburg; ashlar blocks of quartzite, window sills and top of Main Street Methodist Church (S. Main Street); church exercise yard wall of reddish-brown sandstone; 1808; faced with unique patterns of brick; belt courses, sills and 1824 ornamental columns of sandstone; entry steps of granite Courthouse (Warrenton); front steps and column bases of The Register - 'lhe Bee building (Panon St); faced with reddish-brown sandstone; portico floored with reddish- granite with fluted columns and ornamented with floral brown and gray sandstone squares; 1893 and animal designs Grace Episcopal Church (The Plains); constructed of ashlar and rubble blocks of greenstone, basalt, and quartzite; Dinwiddie Confederatemonument (Dinwiddie); statue of granite with slate roof; arches with brick ornamentation; 1918 granite base in shape of castie tower with carved flag Floyd Bmkof Floyd (Floyd); entrancefaced withpolishedgranite; Emporia Central Fidelity Bank, formerly The Citizens National Bank windowtrimof fragmenta1,fossiliferouslimestone; span- (Main at Brunswick streets); foundationfaced with gran- drels of granite ite, front faced with fossiliferous, fragmental limestone FloydPress (Floyd); building constructed of local soapstone with fluted columns and cawed ornamentation cut to brick size Confederate monument (Main Smat courthouse); statue Willis Baptist Church (USH221 at Willis); faced with quartz and base of granite from Greensville County; 1910 fieldstone; constructed 1954for Rev. Robert Childress as a Presbyterian church Essex Confederate monument (Tappahannock); statue and base granite; 1906 (Figure 25) Fluvanna Courthouse (Palmyra); constmcated of brick with granite steps from local source; foundation, granite sill over cut Fairfax Courthouse (Fairfax Street); constructed of brick Flemish schist blocks; 1830 bond cocnstruction with sandstone belt courses and key- Historical Museum (Palmyra); former jail constructed of stones quartzite and schist blocks courses resemble Flemish Pohick Church (USH1 just west of Ft. Belvoir); colonial bond; slate roof; 1828 (Figure 27) period brick church with sandstone quoins and door- Canfederatemonument(Palrnyra); marble sphere withgran- facing; 1794 (Figure 10) ite base GeorgeWashington Historical Grist Mill (VH235 nearjunc- Baptist Church (Fork Union); constructed of brick with tion USH1); five-story mill constructed of Aquia sand- Buckingham County slate walkway and patterned roof stone from Stafford County; 1932 restoration (Figure 26) and siding

Falls Church, St. James (905 Park Ave.); constmcted Franklin(City) Confederate monument (Meadow Lane and Clay streets); of local pink and gray granite with sills and window trim marble statue on granite base; 1911 of fossiliferous, fragmental limestone; entry steps of granite; slate roof; 1902; 1952 Franklin Trinity Episcopal Church (Rocky Mount); constructed of Falls Church Presbyterian Church (225 E. Broad Street); local gneiss and other metamorphic rocks; inscriptionon constructed of local pink granite with window sills and north side reads "JP McNeil 1906" buttress caps of red sandstone; slate patterned roof; 1884 Confederate monument (Rocky Mount); Castle-like tower with later additions granite base with marble statue Original District of Columbia northwest boundary stone (Meridian Avenue); rough stone with cawed inscription Frederick Hopewell Meeting House (SR672 west of IH8l junction); * constructed of local limestone and dolomite; 1789 Fauquier Wamnton House (SR802FauquierWhite SulphurSprings); Grace Methodist Church (Middletown); construcated of 4 VIRGINIA DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES

Figure 24 Centel building, City of Char- Figure 25. Confederate monument, Tappa- Figure 26. George Washington Historical lottesville hannock, Essex County Grist Mill, Fairfax County

blocks of limestone with pattemed slate under eves and Gloucester Confederatemonument(Gloucester); graniteobeliskmonu- on mof ment; 1889 Ft. Stephens (SR628); hexagonal building constructed of Court House (Gloucester); constructed of brick with entry . local limestone before Revolutionary War porch of sandstone bordered by granite; 1766

Fredericksburg"CartwrightHouse" (Washington St.); constructed of Goochland Stone Center, Luck Stone Corporation (SH6 at Manakin); local "Battlefield granite" with slate roof as promotional faced with local granite rubble; entry flagstone from for stone houses; 1905 ; Stone Center exhibits examples of uses of First Virginia Bank (Caroline at William streets); constructed domestic and foreign stone (Figure 29) of brick with "Aquia" sandstone foundation, quions and Jail (Goochland); constructed of gneiss and quartz rubble; window/door trim 1848 Confederate monument (Goochland); granite obelisk Gatekeepers House.Fredericksburg National Military Cem- etery (Sunken Road at Lafayette Street); constructed of Grayson Confederatemonument (Independence);marble soldier from blocks of "Aquia" sandstone with pattemed slate mof; Italy on base of granite from Richmond; 1911 1880 Courthouse (Independence); building constructed of brick Angel of Mary's Heights statue (Fredericksburg National fmm Kentucky with unique six-sided turrets at building Military Park visitors center); bronze sculpture with comers; slate roof; 1908 marble base; 1%5 Penecostal Church (Prince Edward St); former Trinity Epis- Greene Confederatemonument(Stanardsville); marbleobelisk with copal church, faced with slate and granite; roof of slate; limestone base; 1932 1881 (Figure 28) Chapel. Blue Ridge School (SR627 near Dyke); rubble Colonial warehouse (Sophiaat William streets); constructed construction of greenstone, granite, and gneiss; walkway of ashlar blocks with tool marks. "Aquia" sandstone; of slate and siltstone; 1929 prior to 1760 Halifax Confederatemonument(Halifax); marble soldier with gran- Confederate monument (Pearisburg); granite base; 1909 ite base Millstone (Pearisburg, Coulthouse grounds); conglomer- Alcoholic Beverage Control store (Halifax); faced with atic sandstone fossiliferous, fragmental limestone above window and with "Virginia Greenstone" fmm Lynchburg below win- Mountain Lake Hotel (Mountain Lake); constructed mostly dow of local sandstone and quartzite rubble; sills of cut stone

Figure 27. Fluvanna County Historical Mu- Figure28. PenecostalChurch,CityofFreder- Figure 29. Stone Center examples of stone seum. Palmyra icksburg uses. Manakin, Goochland County Nos. 1 & 2 VIRGINIA MINERALS

Figure 30. Fort Monroe, City of Harnpton Figure 3 1. Confederate monument, Lan- Figure 32. R. E. Lee Methodist Church, City caster County of Lexington

Hampton Fort Monroe (US258 eastern terminus); constructed of gran- Modlin F'rinting (Smithfield); former Alcoholic Beverage ite blocks with wall corners, windows, and entryways Control store; faced with "Virginia Greenstone" from faced with sandstone (Figure 30) Lynchburg below window and limestone from Indiana above window

Hanover ' Confederate monument (Hanover); granite obelisk with Confederate monument (Isle of Wight); soldier on granite carved flags and weapons base; 1905 Former iail (Hanover); wnstructedof large- sandstoneblocks withtool marks; slate roof; 1840 James City ColonialParkwaybridge overpass (South of Williamsburg); faced with brick in English bond with fossiliferous,frag- Harrisonburg Asbury United Methodist Church (South Main St.); large mental limestone keystone and buttress caps multi-story building constructed of sandstonefromPenn- sylvania; slate rooE 1912 King and Queen Confederate monument (King and Queen Court House); Courthouse (Court House square); faced with fossiliferous, granite obelisk with carved flags and weapons fragmental limestone with some carved ornamentation; Mattaponi Church (SH14 south of Cumnor); colonialperiod calcilutite foundation; 1897 brick church with cruciform shape and glazed headers; Post Office (NorthMain St.); front of upper floors faced with rubbed brick for door facing; slate roof; c1755 marble; spandrels of "Virginia Greenstone" from Lynchburg; marble sills and belt course; granite steps; King George St. Pauls Church (SR632 near Berthaville); colonial period 1940 brick church, Flemish bond with cruciform shape; metal Harrison House (Bruce Street near S. Main Street); con- roof patterned like slate; 1767 smcted of local limestone rubble; home of founder of Confederate monument (King George); granite Hamsonburg, Thomas Hamson; 1753 James Madison (S. Main Street); older buildings King William Confederate monument (King William); marble soldier on constructed mostly of local limestone (Figure 7) granite base with attached stone spheres

Henry Patrick Henry monument (SR620 near junction SR803); Lancaster Confederate monument (Lancaster); marble obelisk with constructed of granite with rough cut border carved angel and soldier scene; 1872 (Figure 31) Alcoholic Beverage Control store (Kilmarnock); faced with "Virginia Greenstone" from Lynchburg below win- UnitedMethodist Church (BlueGrass); constructed of sand- Highland dow and limestone from Indiana above window stone and quartzite rubble with limestone window trim; Chesapeake National Bank (Kilmarnock); faced with verde 1924 antique marble Montvalle Motel (Monterey); faced with limestone from Christ Church (SR646 near Irvington); colonial period Rockmgham County church constructed of brick with sandstone doorway Singleton law office (Monterey); constructed of sandstone ornamentation and window keystones,graniteentry steps, and quartzite rubble with limestone sills, lintels and and interior aisles of limestone from England; cruci- ornamentation form shape; rubbed brick at building comers and around Stone observation platform (USH 250, Shenandoah Moun- doors; slate roof from Buckingham County; construction tain summit); wall constructed of sandstone containing funds from Robert "King" Car?.er, 1732 Arthophycur fossils Lexington Stone hwse (Randolph Street); constructed of local vein quartz rubble Isle of Wight St. Lukes Church (USH258 at Benns Church); colonial R. E. Lee Methodist Church (Washington St.); constructed period church with interesting examples of ornamental of local limestone with some carving and tool marks brick work, 1632 (Figure 32) Museum (former Bank of Smithfield); faced with pink and Stonewall Jackson monument (Virginia Military Institute); on gray marble at street level overlain by fossiliiferous, bronze equestrian figure base of Italian tufa on granite subbase fragmental limestone with some ornamentation VIRGINIA DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES Vol. 39

Figure 33. Masonmarks, City of Lynchburg Figure 34. Holy Trinity Luthern Church, Figure 35. Street paving blocks, City of City of Lynchburg Lynchburg

Brick sidewalk (Washington Street near Randolph Street); Smyth County imprinted with name "Chilhowee" bricks with concentric circles and "sun" omamentation Stone bridge, James River Canal (NiStreet near James River); gneiss blocks with keystone inscription "1839 by Loudoun St. James Episcopal Church (Leesburg); constructed of JS King" (Figure 36) blocks of limestone conglomerate with reddish-brown sandstone door and window facings; soapstone side- Madison Confederate monument (Madison); soldier on granite base walk; slate roof; I895 (Figure 1) with carved State seal First American Bank (Leesburg); first floor faced with Former Alcoholic Beverage Control store (Madison); "Vir- ashlar diabase ginia Greenstone" from Lynchburg below window and Rampdon building (Purcellville); constructed of locally limestone from Indiana above window ~roducedconcrete blocks resembling stone; 1908 &nebridge (IJs~50at~ldie); doublea;chbridge of rubble Martinsville Confederate monument (Courthouse); marble soldier on sandstone, greenstone, diabase, and quartzite; c1824 castle-like tower granite base; 1901 Building (24 Main Street); granite siding, keystones and Louisa Battle of Treviliansmonument (SH22nearjunction SR613); trim limestone blocks on concrete base Post Office (Church Street); foundation "Virginia Green- Confederate monument (Louisa); granite from quarry in stone" from Lynchburg, with granite steps Richmond area with copper plate inset; 1905 Courthouse (Louisa); columns of fossiliferous fragmental Mathews Confederate monument (Mathews); marble soldieron gran- limestone with window trim and keystone of sandstone; ite base with carved flag 1905 Mecklenburg Confederate monument (Boydton); granite base with Lunenburg Confederate monument (Lunenburg); marble soldier on chiseled designs granite base with carved flag Alcoholic Beverage Control store (Boydton); "Virginia Greenstone" from Lynchburg under window and lime- Lynchburg Quaker Meeting House (Fort Ave.); constructed of local stone from Indiana above window "Virginia Greenstone" mbMe with patterned slate roof; Riprap, Buggs IslandLake (SH4 at John H. Kerr Dam); large 1757; remodeled 1904 local granite blocks bordering road Coua Street Methodist Church (Court Street); facing of sandstone from Kentucky with slate roof Middlesex Confederate monument (Saluda); polished granite column Post Office (Church Street); constructed of blocks of fossil- and sphere on granite base with carved Confederate flag; iferous, fragmental limestone that shows bedding and 1910 bioturbation features Christ Church (SR638 at Christ Church); colonial period Allied AhP building (Church Street); first floor faced with brick church. Flemish bond with window sills of silt- local "Virginia Greenstone" and entrance faced with stone; 1714 granite Former Cowthouse (Court Street); granite foundation with Montgomery Newman Library, VPI&SU (Blacksburg); constructed of numerous mason and drill marks; studexterior scored local limestone with door and window trim of fossilifer- to resemble stone; adjoining sidewalk constructed of ous, fragmental limestone gneiss; 1855 (Figure 33) Cenotaph war memorial *I&SU (Blacksburg);gneiss (age Holy Trinity Lutheran Church (Langhome Road); con- 3.2 billion years) fmm Minnesota structed of local "Virginia Greenstone" with slate roof University Bookstore (VPI&SU Blacksburg); constructed and concrete facing around door (Figure 34) of limestone and uneven dolomite blocks (Fieure 61 Street paving Mocks (Amtrak station); graniteblocks from Leggetts Deparbnent Store (Christiansburg); 'faled wih (Figure 35) "Virginia Greenstone" from Lynchburg Sidewalk bricks (Randolph Macon College); bricks from Nos. 1 & 2 VIRGINIA MINERALS 7

Figure 36. James River Canal stone bridge, Figure 37. Rockfish Presbyterian Church, Figure 38. Confederate monument, Lov- City of Lynchburg Nelson County ingston, Nelson County

Nelson RocH~shPresbyterianChurch(SR664nearjunction SH151); Nottoway Granite house (Crewe); model house to promote construc- constructed of granite, greenstone, and quartz rounded tion using granite blocks from Burkeville; 1939 boulders with a slate roof (Figure 37) Confederate monument (Nonoway Courthouse); soldier on Confederate monument (Lovingston); soldier on uniquely marble base; 1893 carved granite base; 1965 (F-gure 38) Midway Mills (SR743 at James River); four story mill Orange , Confederate monument (Orange); granite base with cawed con;tructedof reddish-brown sandstonefrom local state seal; 1900 with granite window and door sills; slate roof; c1785 Jefferson National Bank (Orange); foundation faced with Aqueduct suppolts, James River Canal (SR626 at Rockfish granite; front and columns of fossiliferous, fragmental River crossing); blocks of granite with drill marks; some limestone conglomerate blocks on southwest side (Figure 39) Office, Virginia Power (USHIS south of Orange); par- tially faced with gneiss from Hanover County New Kent Confederate monument (New Kent); granite obelisk St. Peters Church (SR642 near junction SR609); colonial Page Belle Brown Northcon Memorial Tower (Luray near period brick church, Flemish bond with glazed headers; Luray Caverns); square stone tower constructed of sand- slate roof; possible site of marriage of Gwrge Washing- stone and quartzite blocks from nearby Massanuaen ton (Figure 40) Mountains; 1937 (Figure 12) United Methodist Church (Luray); constructed of local Norfolk StPauls Church (201 St. Pauls Blvd.); colonial period brick limestone with concrete steps and sills; slate roof; 1899 church with siltstone window sills and patterned black Confederate monument (Luray USH211 business); marble and red slate roof; cannonball from 1776 bombardment soldier on a limestone and dolomite square column base, embedded in east wall; 1739 marble from Loudoun County; (Figure 8) MacArthur Memorial (MacArthur Square); steps, columns Headqualters building (Shenandoah National Park, USH and building front of granite (in part now stuccoed); front 21 1); sandstone from Massanutten Mountains; 1940 walkway of granite blocks; 1850 Skyland (Shenandoah National Park); sandstone for build- Confederate monument (Main St.); tall granite column from ings and patios from Augusta County portion of Park Vermont with cawed ornamentation; 1907 Patrick Mayberry Presbyterian Church (SR602 near junction Northampton Hungars Episcopal Church (SR619 near junction with SR614); constructed of quartz fieldstone rubble; 1925 SR622); colonial period brick church. Flemish bond; (Figure 41) 1751 Confederate monument to Confederate General Stuart Confederate monument (Eastville); soldier on granite col- (Stuart); granite base with cawed flag and commemora- umn; 1913 tive plaque ; 1936 Sovran Bank (Charles City); multi-story building with fac- ing and columns of fossilifemus, fragmental limestone Petersburg Confederate Memorial Arch (Blandford Cemetery); multi- arch, constructed of of local granite blocks and key- Northumberland Confederate monument (Heathsville); unique marble stones; 1914 statue of woman and anchor on marble column with Trinity Methodist Episcopal ChurchSouth (Sycamore Street); cawed vase and ornaments ; 1873 faced with fossiliferous, fragmental limestone showing Former Alcoholic Beverage Control store (Heathsville); some bioturbation; tower has cawed wreaths around "Vireinia" Greenstone" from Lvnchbure" under window windows; 1921 and limestone from Indiana above window City Hall (Union Street); three story building sided with Signet Bank (Reedsville); building with contrasting patterns granite from Dinwiddie County; 1858 0 and columns of brick (bases and capitols of granite); slate Second Presbyterian Church (Washington Ave.); stucco roof exterior with reddish-brown sandstone door and window trim; 1862 VIRGINIA DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES

Figure 39. James River Canal aqueduct sup- Figure 40. St. Peters Church. New Kent Figure 41. Mayberry Presbyterian Church, ports. Nelson County county Patrick County

Pittsylvania Central Fidelity Bank (Chatham); facing and columns with Courthouse (Pulaski); constructed of sandstonefroma local pinkish-gray fossiliferous, cross-bedded,fragmental li source; 1895; entry arch of limestone, sandstone and stone with carved ornamentation conglomerate, used at Jamestown Exposition, 1907 Confederate monument (Chatham); soldier of marble on St. Edwards Catholicchurch(Pulaski); foundation of church base of granite with polished columns and educational wing faced with ashlar "Virginia Green- Chatham Jewelry Co. (Chatham); faced with "Virginia stone" from Lynchburg Greenstone" from Lynchburg. top of facing has scal- loped decoration Rappahano& Stone walls (USH522 south of Flint Hill); gneiss (Flint Hill Gneiss) and vein quartz fieldstones stacked to produce Portsmouth Court Street Baptist Church (Court Street); granite ashlar stone walls facing with fossiliferous, fragmental limestone door and Confederate monument (Washington); obelisk of marble window trim and belt courses; slate roof from Loudoun County with carved face and horn on base St. Paul's Catholic Church (Washington and High Streets); of reddish-brown sandstone; ; surrounding planter wall ashlar stone facing in English bond style with door and of limestone window trim and belt coukes of fossiliferous,fragmental limestone (note window on south side has carved head Richmond(City)Monumental Church (Broad Street); facing and columns with wings); 1898 of "Aquia sandstone"fromStaffordCounty,which shows Confederate monument (Court Street); granite obelisk with cross-beddiig; exteriorfoyerflooret$with gray and creme carved designs marble; built as monument to those who died in Rich- mond Theater site during the war; 1814 Powhatan Confederate monument (Powhatan); granite square column Old City Hall (Broad Street); four story stone building with flag and saber carving constructed of local granite with carved designs at win- dows and doors; slate roof and flagstone from Buck- Prince Edward Confederate monument (Farmville); square granite base ingham County; 1894 (Figure 4) with four polished columns State Library (Capitol Street); constructed of fossiliferous, fragmental limestone from Indiana; doorway faced with Prince George Merchants Hope Church (SR641 near junction with SHlO); North Carolina granite', entry steps with Tennessee lime- colonial period brick church, Flemish bond with glazed stone; planters in front of Culpeper County diabase; 1939 headers and ~bbedbrick at door, windows and wall (Figure 42) comers; interior aisles, sandstone from England; 1657 Capitol (Bank Street); constructed of brick, stuccoed; on Confederate monument (Prince George); granite obelisk, south side, granite steps from a local source and portico surrounded by fence with granite posts floored with Tennessee marble; inside hallways floored with squares of black fossilifemus Vennont limestone Prince William Manassas Presbyterian Church (Manassas); constructed of and white Italian marble; George Washington statue local reddish-brown sandstone, numerous tool marks; inside Capitol of Italian marble; 1792 1875 Virginia Retirement System Office Building (1200 E. Main Manassas museum (Manassas); constructed of brick with Street); first floor faced with reddish-brown sandstone reddish-brown sandstone window and door trim, steps, with carvings of floral designs; constmcted in 1893 as quoinsfrom local source; slate roof; constructed in 1896 Planters National Bank building (Figure 44) as National Bank of Manassas Bell Tower (Capitol Square); building constructed of local Confederate monument (Manassas Cemetery); large pyra- brick in Flemish bond pattern with granite steps and mid of reddish-brown sandstonefrom local source; 1889 sandstone belt courses; 1824 Visitors Center (Manassas Battlefield Park); front of build- United Virginia Bank Buildiig (900 East Main Street); ing partially faced with red and gray sandstone, some multi-story building faced with polished red granite from Mocks with tool marks; 1940 Stone Bridge (USH29 at Bull Run crossing); douMearch Fidelity Bankers Building (Ninth and Main Streets); col- bridge constmad of reddish-brown sandstonefromjust umns and facing with veined serpentinite from Nelson noah of Bull Run, important in First Battle of Manassas; County and gray marble from Italy (reconstmaed 1880s) (Figure 11) City Hall (Broad at NiStreets); faced with white Georgia Stone House tavern (USH29 near junction SH234); con- marble; entrywalk of Minnesota and Georgia gray gran- structed of reddish-brown sandstone with cross bedding ite; walls of interior foyer faced with diamond-matched and worm burrows from nearby hillside; used as hospital tanMisswri,fossiliferouslimerone,foyer~ssided during Civil War; ~1820 with Tennessee black limestone; 1971 Beverly Mills (visible from SH55 at Thoroughfare Gap); Virginia ScienceMuseum (2500 W. Broad St.); exterior and five story stone mill constructed of of local quartzite; columns consmcted of Indiana fossilifemus,fragmental c1759 limestone with granite foundation: constructed in 19 19 as Mill House Museum (Occoquan); constructedof local gran- the Union ~tatik ite; granite millstone in front; 1765 CobumHal1,Va. Union University (1500N. Lombardy St.); constructed of local granite; slate root 1899; rear addi- Pulaski Brick reservoir (Newbem); rounded brick reservoir; 1870 tion of concrete blocks shaped to match granite front and (restored 1%5) windows bordered by slate Nos. 1 & 2 VIRGINIA MINERALS

Figure 42. State Library. City of Richmond Figure43.VirginiaRetirementSystembuild- Figure 44. Dominion Bank, City of Rich- ing, City of Richmond mond

Figure 45. Poe Museum, City of Richmond Figure 46. Millstones, Rockbridge County Figure 47. Timber Ridge Presbyterian Church, Rockbridge County

Lee monument (Monument Ave. at Allen Street); bronze Rockbridge Wades Mill (SR604 near junction SR606); first floor con- equestrian statue on granite base with carved oma- structed of limestone; at entrance are millstones of . mentation, granite from North Carolina; 1890 conglomerate and buhrstone (Figure 46) Dominion National Bank Building of Richmond (815 E. Mooney stone house (USHll at Fairfield); constructed of Broad St.); faced with slate from Buckingham County limestone with larger blocks as quoins; c1780 (Figure 44) Timber Ridge Presbyterian Church (SR785 at junction with Poe Museum (1914 E. Main Street); oldest stone house in USH11); colonial period church constructed of lime- Richmond, constructed of granite rubble; mortar con- stone from a local source; 1756 (Figure 47) tains shell fragments; c1737 (Figure 45) Sam monument (USH11 at junction SR785); large Marshall House (E. Manhall at 9th streets); house con- rough-cut granite, stone from Texas structed of brick in Richmond; c1789 Glenwood Fumace (SR759 south of James River crossing); constructed of large cut blocks of sandstone Richmond Courthouse complex building (Warsaw); foundation con- Balcony Falls lock (near US501 at west end James River structed of large blocks of iron-cemented conglomeratic watergap); constructed of blocks of sandstone with vari- sandstone ous "mason's marks"

Roanoke (City) St. Johns Episcopal Church (Jefferson at Elm Streets); con- Roekingham Bethlehem Church (Tenth Legion); constructed of liie- structed of limestone from Pulaski County with red sand- stone blocks from a local source; 1845 stone window door and towertrim in front section (1892) Texaco Station (USH340 at Elkton); partially faced with with creme fossilifemus, fragmental limestone trim on "Virginia Log" quartzite from Campbell County windows and door in later addition (1957) to back of Ft. Hamson (Dayton); constructed of limestoneblocks from building; slate roof a local source, the house was used as folt; c1745 Chesapeake and Potomac building (Tazewell Ave.); faced with white marble from Georgia and black-veined Russell Fonner Courthouse (Dickensonville; USH58A near junc- serpentinite from Nelson County tion with SR733); original portion constructed of lime- ~reenkMemorial Methodist Ch-h (comer of Church at stone blocks; brick addition to east; 1787 (Figure 48) Second streets): faced with blocks of conelomerate from Alderson Building (Lebanon); limestone blocks with sand- Pulaski County;. soapstone. steps,and sla&of (Figure2) stone and concrete window sills and lintels; 1908 ~intpresbyterian Church (~effersonat~c~lanahan sheets); constructed of sandstone and aualtzite from Roanoke Salem Administration building (Roanoke College); constructed of County withfossiliferous,fragmental limestone door and brick with fossiliferous, fragmental limestone window window trim, slate roof; 1851; 1928 (Figure 13) sills and lintels; steps of soapstone with siltstone risers; Dominion Bank Building (Jefferson Streeth exterior and slate roof columns faced with marble; carved lion heads at cornice Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church (Brandon at Grandin Shenandoah Elizabeth Fumace, George Washington National Forest avenues intersection); faced with tooled "Virginia Green- (SR678 at northeast end of Fort Valley); made of large stone" from Lynchburg with fossiliferous, fragmental blocks of sandstone and quartzite limestone door and window trim; slate roof; 1948 Courthouse (Woodstock); constructed of limestone Mocks Virginia First Savings Bank Building (Jefferson at Church of local origin which have been painted; 1791 (oldest streets); paltially faced with slate courthouse in continuous use west of Blue Ridge) Henkel house (New Market); constructed of limestone of Roanoke Chapel. Catawba Hospital (SH320); CO~SLNC~~~of sand- local origin; oldest stone house in New Market, 1835 stone rubble; 1915 Hanging Rock Battle monument (SH311 near intersection Smyth Stone tavern (USH11 near Atkins); constructed of blocks of SH419); pyramid of sandstone; 1932 limestone of local origin; late 1700s VIRGINIA DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES

-ss

Figure 48. Former Russell County court- Figure 49. Liekiln. Smyth C Figure 50. Madam Russell Church, Saltville, house, Dickensonville Smyth County

Lime kiln (USH11 at Atkins); cyclindrical kiln COnSttucted Stafford Aquia Church (USH1 nearjunction SR610); colonial period of brick with limestone and dolomite base (Figure 49) church constructed of brick. Flemish bond with local Courthouse (Marion); constructedof brick from SouthCaro- "Aquia" sandstone door facing, window sill, keystone. liina (note: columns of curved bricks), emtry steps. win- and quoins; 1757 dow sills and keystones are fossiliierous, fragmental limestone; 1905 Staunton Stone house (215 Kalorama Street); consuucted of reddish- Madame Russell Church (Saltville); constructed of sand- brown sandstone; 1891 (Figure 53) stone blocks of local origin, 1898 Figure 50) Marquis building (Beverly at Augusta streets) first floor Sah furnace exhibit (Saltville); exterior wall constructed of fadwith fossiliferous limestone of local origin; upper fl bricks imprinted Chilhowee VP & CC made in nearby floor window sills, lintels and belt courses of similar Chilhowee limestone; patterned slate on roof and cupalo; 18% Stonerailroadbridge (SR645 west of junction with USHl1); Crestar Bank (Beverly between Augusta and Central Sts.); constructed of Mocks of sandstone with wingwalls of former National Valley Bank, foundation faced with limestone buttressed with limestone and sandstone; key- granite and fossiliierous,fragmental limestone above; stone bears a 1896 date 1865; 1903 Octagonal brick house (SR657 near Adwolfe); octagonal Alcoholic Beverage Contml store (State Street); "Virginia house ~nst~~tedof brick, built by Abijah Thomas, Greenstone" from Lynchburg under window with fossil- ironmaster; 1857 iferous, fragmental limestone above window (Figure 5) StFrancis of Assisi Catholic Church (126 N. New St.); faced Southampton Confederatemonument(Courtland); soldier on granitebase; with green Pennsylvanian serpentenite above limestone 1902 foundation with fossiliferous. fragmental limestonedoor and window facings and belt courses; entry walk and South Boston Trinity Episcopal Church (Main at Yancey); brick cruciform walls of local limestone; slate roof; upper part of bell church in Flemish bond with slate roof and walk; 1892; towerreplaced withPennsylvaniasandstone;1850; 1895 1964 St. Pauls United Methodist Church (West Beverly at North Alcoholic Beverage Control store (Main Street); "Virginia St. Clair Street); varicolored cement facing resembling Greenstone" from Lynchburg under window and lime- stone stone from Indiana above E L Evans building (Main Stme~hsecond story fmnt with Suffolk Fomer Post Office (200 Main St.); foundation and steps of ornamental brick and terra cotta work, 1888 granite with fossiliferous, fragmental limestone columns and exterior (capitals and cornice with carved designs) Spotsylvania Jackson monument (Chancellorsville Natimal Battlefield National Bank of Suffok (Main at Washington streets); first Visitors CenterSH3); Virginia granite with three types of floor fadwith marble finish; 1888 Confederate monument (Cedar Hill cemetery); granite base "Lee to Rear" marker stone (SR621 near junction SR613) small granite historical marker from local source; c1903 Surry Confederatemonument(Suny); base of granite with carved CatherineFurnace (FurnaceRoad ChancellorsvilleNational flag and cannons; 1909 Battlefield Park); constructed of local stone; exhibit of Barns Castle (SR617 near junction SH10); colonial period furnace operation (Figure 51) house constructed of brick. English bond with chimneys Sedgwickmonument (SpotsylvaniaNational BaalefieldPadc of three clustered stacks; c1655 near SR613); constructed as castle tower. Faux Stone buildings (SH31 at Dendmn); buildings on granite with several different stone finishes used, 1887 opposite sides of road constructed of concrete blocks (Figure 52) to simulate stone (Figure 54) 9 Mea& Pyramid (Along RF & P Railroad and visible from Lee Drive. Fredericksburg National Battlefield Park); Sussex Alcoholic Beverage Control store (USH460 at Waverly); pyramid constructed of granite rubble; 1898 , "Virginia Gremtone" from Lynchburg below window and limestone from Indiana above window Nos. 1 & 2 VIRGINIA MINERALS

Figure 51. Sedgwick monument, Spot- Figure 52. Catherine Furnace. Spotsylvania Figure 53. Stone house, City of Staunton sylvania County County

Confederate monument (Sussex); soldier statue on marble George Washingtonmonument (George Washington Birth- base with carved sabers; 1912 place National Monument); granite obelisk from Ver- mont; 1930 Tamwell . Community Church (Pocahontas); constructed of sandstone Confederate monument (Montross); marble obelisk with withfossiliferous,fragmentallimesme sills,beltcourses, carving of military ornament; prepared at Baltimore, and buttress caps; slate roof; 1927 Bank of Clinch Valley building (Tazewell); faced with reddish-brown sandstone; columns of polished sand- Wiiamsburg (Duke of Gloucester Street); Colonial stone with capitals of cawed designs brick in Flemish bond, rubbed brick at windows and doors; 1715 (tower 1771) Virginia Beach Old Cape Henry Lighthouse (Atlantic Avenue); constructed of "Aquia" sandstone from Stafford County; 1791 Winchester Handley Library (Braddock at Piccadilly streets); constructed of fossiliferous.. framental- limestone with cawed urns. Warren Cowthouse(Front Royal); faced with sandstoneand quartz- floral decorations, capitals and coat-of-arms; foundation ite rubble; walkway of quartzite (Figure 55) faced with granite; 1913 Confederate monument (Front Royal); soldier statue of Rouss Fire Station (Boscawen at Braddock streets); con- granite on base ornamented with cawed flags; 1911 structed of brick with reddish-brown sandstone belt United Methodist Church (Front Royal); faced with lime- courses and sills; slate roof; 1895 stone with belt courses, sills, lintels, buttress caps and TheOld Stone PresbyterianChurch (304 E. Picadilly Street); arches of tan sandstone; steps of gray sandstone; pat- constructed of rubble limestone: 1788 temed slate roof Former train station (Cameron st&); constructed of red- dish-brown conglomeratic sandstone with slate roof Washington St. Thomas Episcopal Church (Abingdon); constructed of limestoneblocks; doorway trim of fossiliferous fragmen- Wise Randolph Hall (Clinch Valley College, Wise); constructed tal limestone; 1846; addition of concrete block con- of sandstone for facing and columns struction; 1925 Cowthouse (Wise); constructed of brick with granite col- Alcoholic Beverage Control store (Abingdon) "Virginia umns, doorway trim steps, sills and lintels; foundation of Greenstone" from Lynchburg below window and fossil- ashlar sandstone; sandstone boundary walls; slate roof; iferous, fragmental limestone above window 1896 United Methodist Church (Appalachia); faced with sand- Waynesboro Seventh Day Adventist Church (Maim at Dupont streets); stone blocks constructed of sandstone from Roanoke County with Museum (Big Stone Gap); constructed concrete sills and buttress caps; 1954 of reddish-brown sandstone with entry steps of gray St. Johns Catholic Church (344 Maple Ave.); constructed of sandstone and foundation of dolomite; built in 1888 as limestone with some maroon siltstone; door trim of fos- the Rufus Ayers house (Figure 56) siliferous fragmental limestone; soapstone entry waUr; Alcoholic Beverage Control store (Big Stone Gap); "Vir- 1931 ginia Greenstone" from Lynchburg under window and Grace Lutheran Church (500 S. Wayne Street); constructed fossiliferous, fragmental limestone above window of reddish-brown sandstone; wlakway consists of con- crete cross and symmetrically arranged sandstone Wy the Shot 'Cower (SR608 near junction USH52); constructed of At the Waynesboro Library (14th Street at Wayne Ave.); limestone and dolomite rubble; tower used during War of stepping stones mode of quartz conglomerate millstone 1812 to produce lead shot; c1807 and limestone Yo& Victory monument (Yorktown); monument base and Westmoreland St. Marys Episcopal Church (Colonial Beach); faced with allegoric statue of Liberty constructed of granite from stucco containing quartz pebbles ("pebble dash''); 1910 Maime; ornately cawed figures; 1884 12 VIRGINIA DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES Vol. 39

Nelson House (Yorlrtown): constructed of brick with sand- stone puoins and foundation: limestone stem and sills: 1741 Grace Church (Yorktown): colonial period church can structed of local marl that has been stuccoed and smred to resemble block, 1697

Figure 54. Stone simulated by concrete. Figure 55. Warrencounty courthouse, Front Figure 56. Southwest VirginiaMuseum,Big Dendron, Surry County Roy a1 Stone Gap, Wise County

STAFF NOTES and his Ph.D. degree from the University of South Carolina. From July 1956 to April 1965 he was employed as a geologist with the North Carolina Division of Mineral Resources. While at the North Carolina organization he developed a mapping program for the Division and published its first modem geologic quadrangle on a topographic base. He was a in charge of the Divsion's geologic mapping program until he was promoted to the position of Western District Geologist in 1963. In April, 1965 he tookcharge of the Geologic Mapping Section of the Virginia Division of Mineral Resources, a position that he held (with one on when he returned to graduate school to obtain hi promotion. In addition to Resources Jim has taught

Dr. James F. Conley became Manager of the Research Branch and "Chief Geologist" of the Division of Mineral Resources on September 21,1992. Jim's professional career spans over 36 years. He recieved his B.A. degree from Berea College, his M.S. Degree from The , Nos. 1 & 2 VIRGINIA MINERALS 13

fossil evidence from rocks of the Carolina Slate belt; discov- Custodial Servicespersonnel. She participates in operational ery of a system of silicified mylonites in the western Piedmont planning and develops work plans for the Branch. She plans, of North Carolina and South Carolina; discovery, mapping, develops, and administers the branch budget; authorizes @ and naming of the Pinehurst Formation of the North Carolina expenditures, and prepares activity reports for the Support Inner Coastal Plain, and discovery and mapping of the Smith Branch. River allochthon of the southwestern Virginia Piedmont; Delores assists the State Geologist with direction of the also, while working on a consulting project, he helped prove division in all administrative matters. As Office Manager, the existence of a world-class lithium deposit. In addition, she is resposible for the overall smooth and efficient opera- Jim served on the Governor's High-Level Atomic Waste tion of the Division. Repository TaskForce and provided geologic information on A Nelson County resident, Delores is active in church three proposed crystalling rock atomic waste repository sites activities, where she is a member of the Adult Choir, Pastor's in Virginia. This information was used to exclude Virginia Aid Club, and President of the Youth Group. She is a 4-H from consideration for a high-level atomic waste repository. Community Leader and a Girl Scout Troop Leader. Under Jim's direction the Virginia Division of Mineral Re- Delores loves to read and listen to music. She is married sources has mapped at 1:24,000 scale and published 24 and has two children. Her daughter, Olympia, is a sophomore geologic quadrangles in the southwestern VirginiaPiedmont. at Bennett College in Greensboro, NC. Her son, Cordell, is This group of quadrangles comprises the largest area in the a junior at Nelson County High School, where he is a high Piedmont of the Southeast that has been mapped in detail. Honors Student.

C.R. (Rick) Berquist, Jr. recieved his B.E. degree in Information ~n~ineein~in 1969 (Computer science) and Prior to coming to the Division of Mineral Resources, M.S. degree in Geology in 1970 from . Delores Green was a Program Support Technician with the After 3 years as a Supply Oficer in the U.S. Navy and 2 years Virginia Department of Transportation Research Council. graduate work at Florida State University, he began work at She worked for the Transportation Reasearch Council for the Division of Mineral Resources in July 1973. He spent the almost 16 years (11 years as a computer Technician and 5 next three years in the southwestern Piedmont of Virginia years as a Fiscal and Support Technician). making detailed geologic maps. In 1979 he moved to Delores is responsible for managing and directing the Williamsburg and cofitinued regional mapping in the eastern administrative and support services for the Division. She Piedmont and Coastal Plain. In 1986 he completed a Ph.D. provides guidance and overall direction to the Geologic in Marine Science (Geology) from the Virginia Institute of @ Support Branch staff including Library, Sales,Technical, and Marine Science (VIMS), College of William and Mary. His 14 VIRGINIA DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES Vol. 39 work with offshore minerals and geologic mapping helped lead to the discovery of heavy mineral deposits in the Fall Zone of Virginia. From April to November 1992he joined the VIMS faculty as an AssociateResearch Scientist. Rick is also adjunct faculty member with the Geology Department at William and Mary and with VIMS and enjoys assisting students with their research. He has served two years on the Board for Geology (Virginia Department of Commerce)and is presently the Chairman, and is Secretary-Treasurerof the Virginia Field Conference. He and his wife Karen play acoustic music with the group FOAM (Friends of Appala- chian Music). Their daughter, Susan is studying at the University of Munster, Germany this year and son, Peter, is a freshman at Bruton High School in Williamsburg.

David Spears recieved a B.S. degree in Geology from Lafayette College and an M.S. degree in Geology from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1983. His graduate research involved mapping of geologic struc- tures and rock textures in the Shenandoah Valley. He then spent eight years as a petroleum geologist for a major oil company in Louisiana, exploring in the Southern Appala- chians and offshore in the Gulf of Mexico. In March of 1993, David joined the DMR staff, where he is working on the development of a coal mine data base for the Southwest Virginia coalfield. He lives with his wife and three children on a 50 acre farm in Buckingham County, where he enjoys vegetable gardening and bird watching.

Karen K. Hostettler graduated in 1984 from Edinboro University of Pennsylvania with a degree in geology. After a brief internship with the Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey, she did graduate work in geophysics at the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology. Employed as a geologist at the Division of Mineral Resources since 1988, she has worked on available coal resource studies for the National Coal Resource Data System (NCRDS). Currently, Karen is working on a cooperative project with the Office of Surface Mining (OSM) to develop a geographic information system (GIs) for the Southwest Virginia coalfield. She has co-authored publications on available coal resources and coal quality for the Southwest Virginia coalfield. She is a member of the Urban and Regional Information Systems Association (URISA). Nos. 1 & 2 VIRGINIA MINERALS 15

MINERAL UPDATE and cookeite (LiAl,(S

Figure 2. EDAX patern of striiverite from the Morefield Mine showing relative amounts of titanium, tantalum, and iron.

REFERENCES

Brindly, G.W., and Brown, G., 1980, Crystal structures of clay minerals and their X-ray identification: Mineralogical- society, Monograph 5, ond don. Figure 1. Twinned (011 ) chiolitecrystalsandsmall elpasolite crystals from pocket in the aluminum fluoride zone, Morefield Flinter, B.H., 1959, Re-examination of "striiverite" from Mine. Salak North, Malaya: American Mineralogist, v. 44, p. 620- 632. The Morefield pegmatite is the second occurrence of these minerals in North America (the first for chiolite). A Flinter, B.H., 1964, Re-examination of "striiverite" -afurther similar assemblage of minerals is associated with aluminum note: American Mineralogist, v. 49, p. 792. fluoride pegrnatites at St. Peters Dome, El Paso County, Colorado. Outside of North America these minerals are Kearns, LE., 1992, Mineral Update: prosopite from the found in the cryolite deposits of Ivigtut, Greenland and at Morefield Mine, AmeliaCounty, Virginia: Virginia Division Miass (Miask) in the Ilrnen Mountains (Central Urals), of Mineral Resources, Virginia Minerals, v. 38, n. 2, p. 14-15 Russia. Other new minerals from the Morefield Mine identified Palache, C., Berman, H., andFronde1, C., 1951, The System from thealuminurn fluoridezoneare: saiiverite(Ti,Ta,Fe+3)306 of Mineralogy, Vol. II,7th edition: John Wiley and Sons, . ; , Harrisonburg, VA 22807 Postmaster: Virginia Minerals Send address corrections to: Second Class postage paid at Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Charlottesville, Virginia - ---*a P.O. Box 3667 ISSN 0042-6652 Charlottesville, VA 22903

NEW RELEASES

Publication 124: The Valley coalfield (Mississippian age) in Montgomery and Pulaski Counties, Virginia, by M.J. Bartholomew and K.E. Brown, 33 pages, 1 map, scale 1: 100,000,7 stratigraphic sections, 6 core descriptions, 1992. Price $6.00

Publication 125: Coal, oil, and gas, and industrial and metallic minerals industries in Virginia, 1990, by P.C. Sweet and J.E. Nolde, 17 pages, 6 figures, 11 tables, 1992. Price $4.50

Copyright 1993, Commonwealth of Virginia Virginia Minerals, Vol. 39, Nos. 1 & 2, FebruaryIMay 1993