And Congressman Robert Underwood [First Elected to Congress In1992]

Printing, Graphics, & Direct Mail Document Scanning Index Form

High Speed Scanning Date of Request: 12/01/14

Box 18 of 64

Senator or Department: SENATOR HARKIN Instructions: Prepare one form for insertion at the beginning of each record series. Prepare and insert additional forms at points that you would like to index.

For example: at the beginning of a new folder, briefing book, topic, project, or date sequence.

Record Type*: Speeches

Inclusive Month/Year of 1994-2014 Records*:

(1) Subject*: International-Human Rights Speeches

(2) Staffer*: Jim Whitmire

E Maintain (Return to Office) Oz Destroy (Shred)

*REQUIRED INFORMATION II111111I1llll11l11111I1I TH Talking Points "State of Guam's Agenda in Washington" 8/17/99

* TY Governor Carl Gutierrez [elected 1994], Lt. Governor Madeleine Bordallo [elected 1994; native of Minnesota; married to Ricardo Bordallo, Guam's first two-term Democratic Governor], and Congressman Robert Underwood [first elected to Congress in1992].

* I am very pleased to be here with you today on the beautiful island of Guam. I know your economy is prospering under the administration of Governor Gutierrez and Lt. Governor Bordallo. Guam's tourism industry is booming, along with related industries like hotel construction.

1 * You know, Congressman Underwood does an excellent of representing Guam in Washington. He is a dedicated advocate for the issues that are most important to Guam.[NOTE: see attached two-pager "Guam's Agenda in Washington."]

* The last time I visited Guam, I came in a Congressional delegation with former Alabama Senator Howell Heflin who was injured during his military service in the liberation of Guam.

* Senator Heflin was given a real hero's welcome, complete with a three-hour long ceremony to thank him for his courageous role in liberating Guam. At the end of this splendid welcome, Senator Heflin stood up and said, "Well, I want

2 to thank you for that warm welcome. I think I've been on Guam longer today than I was after the war!"

* I have another connection to Guam. My brother- in-law, Joe McQuaid, who is here with me today, worked for the construction firm that rebuilt Guam after World War II. This is his first visit back in more than 50 years.

* Joe has many great stories about his time in Guam. In fact, Joe tells me that the first dairy cow on the island of Guam was a Holstein from the city of Cedar Rapids in my home state of Iowa!

3 * As a member of the Defense Appropriations Subcommittee, I know the importance of the two U.S. bases on Guam to our operations in the Pacific. I hear time and time again from Hawaii Senator Daniel Inouye just how important these bases are to U.S. strategic interests.

* In fact, the U. S. Naval Station on Guam now provides the bulk of logistic support for U.S. Seventh Fleet units operating in the Indian Ocean.

* Guam's strategic location in the Pacific was critical to the United States during the Vietnam War and the Persian Gulf War.

4 * American B-52s were deployed from Andersen AFB during the Vietnam War. And, at the end of that war, Vietnamese refugees were evacuated through Guam on their way to the U.S.

* Again, in 1991, aircraft, troops, and cargo destined for the Gulf War were transported and deployed from Andersen AFB.

* Guam is affected by the same concerns and issues that affect us on the mainland: taxes, the budget, health care, education, Y2K. I can assure you that Guam's needs and concerns are taken into full account as Congress deliberates on all of these issues.

5 * TY for inviting me to take part in today's meeting. It's good to be here, and now I look forward to seeing more of your beautiful island.

6 Date: 8/7/99 5:40 PM Sender: Peter Tyler To: Ann Procter; Tom Vinson; Karl Eckhart Priority: Normal Subject:Re:Guam Ann: TH may be called upon to give some brief remarks while he is in Guam as part of his Pacific travels. I recommend that you draft some brief talking point style remarks to be placed in his travel book (TH specifically asked for this on Thursday afternoon). Talk to Tom Vinson and Karl Eckart about the book. I am responsible for putting together his Hawaii and Guam book (Rosemary and Channi are doing the other parts). TH leaves for his trip early Wednesday morning. The event during which he may be called upon is a government event called the "State of Guam's Agenda in Washington." It is an annual event where the U.S. Congressman from Guam tells the Guam people about what is happening in Congress. TH has no official role. He is simply a guest of Congressman Underwood and the Governor. I don't know the size of the audience, but it will be held in the University of Guam auditorium, so I am guessing some hundreds of people. I am guessing on the order of 2 - 5 minutes max - again, TH just wants something in case he is called upon. The talking points should be heavy on rhetoric and low on substance. Lots of thanks you's kind of stuff will probably all he has to say. I will leave you some background on Guam and Congressman Underwood. Tom Vinson will have a bunch more in the travel book. Note: Underwood and TH met for the first time last week. He will meet the Governor for the first time in Guam. Note also that the Saipan issue is one of sensitivity. Congressman Underwood should be called "Congressman" not delegate (which is his technical title). Some ideas about what to raise:

Why he is visiting Guam i.e. he is on the Defense Approps C mittee he heard time and time again from Rep Underwood and Sen r Inouye of Hawaii - who is ranking on Defense approps about how e two U.S. bases there are very important to U.S. operations in the Pac' c. The last time he was on Guam was only for a fe ours when he went right from the airport to a speech and back (karl k ws the story. He told it to Underwood in front of Karl and 1). A humorous dig at Repubtlcans o not ing anything in the U.S. Congress. TH's traveling artne McQuaid. sk Karl about this. The first dai Iste * om Iowa. A s about this. Thanks for putting it together. Sorry this is so sketchy ... PPT /A

Reply Separator Subject: Guam Author: Ann Procter Date: 8/6/99 4:19 PM I'm going to take off shortly. Can you leave me the following, please: when he needs it and how best to get it to him what he needs - i.e., remarks, talking points, speech length description of audience talking points thanks. ann C-. I CI I 1\1 ,

- ii ~Ajkk~

~ 4 N vIkI fl -111 yy. C>) (QAtY "(Jq C / (K 9~ C ( (S C

A C y 'L~C~ 4 \~ ~,

C- \'IL I

cfl/c& .11 0 -1%

Guam's Delegate to the United States Congress

The Honorable Robert A. Underwood

Member, U.S. House of Representatives 106th Congress, 1999 * 105th Congress, 1997 104th Congress, 1995* 103rd Congress, 1993

ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE LEADERSHIP POSITIONS CAUCUS MEMBERSHIPS Subcommittee on Military Readiness Chairman, Asian Pacific Caucus Congressional Asian Pacific Caucus Subcommitteeon Military Installationsand Facilities Ranking Member, Subcommittee Congressional Hispanic Caucus Morale, Welfare &Recreation (MWR) on Energy &Mineral Resources National Guard and Reserve Components Caucus Oversight Panel Ranking Member, Merchant Marine Oversight Panel Coast Guard Caucus * Naval Mine Warfare Caucus Merchant Marine Oversight Panel Whip-at-Large, House Democratic Caucus Air Power Caucus RESOURCES COMMITTEE Older Americans Caucus* Human Rights Caucus Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources Education Caucus * Congressional Arts Caucus Travel and Tourism Caucus Coastal Caucus * Internet Caucus Robert Anacletus Underwood Born July 13, 1948, Tamuning, Guam 6 Married: the former Lorraine Aguilar When his Washington schedule precluded'an appearance at Guam's Children: Sophia, Roberto, Ricardo, 1998 Senior Citizens' Conference, Congressman Robert A. Underwood sent his Ramon, Raphael District Office director to deliver the speech in his stead. The banquet hall was crowded and boisterous, but as soon as the Congressman's speech began, the Doctor of Education, Policy, Planning and Administration, University of room fell silent. Even though someone else was speaking, the words and the Southern California, 1988 message were unmistakably Robert Underwood -- thoughtful and substantive, Bachelor of Arts, History, 1969; forthright and witty. It was as if Robert was there, and everyone wanted to hear Master of Arts, History, 1971, what he had to say. California State University, Los Angeles John F. Kennedy High School, In July 1998 Congressman Underwood spoke before the prestigious Tumon, Guam, 1965 National Press Club on Guam's military strategic value. A month earlier, he delivered the keynote address, entitled "The Changing of the Colonial Guard: University of Guam, 1976-1992 What do the guarded have to say," before the University of Guam conference in Academic Vice President Dean, College of Education observance of Guam's centennial under the American flag. In 1997 he ad- Professor, College of Education dressed students at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Govern- Director, Project BEAM (Bilingual ment and the Fairbanks Center for Asian Studies. He also has spoken before the Education Assistance for United Nations' Decolonization Committee several times over the years, both as Micronesia) Director, Bilingual Bicultural a young activist and as Guam's delegate to Congress. Similarly, he has ad- Training Program dressed audiences throughout Micronesia, the Pacific, the United States, and Faculty, Bilingual Bicultural Europe. The Pacific Islands Monthly noted in its October 1996 edition that Training Program Congressman Underwood is the most successful politician in the insular Pacific. Guam Department of Education "...Underwood is apparently so good at what he does that no one bothers to run Vice Principal, Curriculum, Inarajan against him," the article stated. Junior High School, 1976 I. Assistant Principal, Student Person Following an impressive career as an educator, beginning as a high nel, George Washington High school teacher in 1972 and culminating with the academic vice presidency of School, Mangilao, 1975-1976 Assistant Principal, Business Affairs, Guam's university, Robert Anacletus Underwood was first elected to the U.S. George Washington High House of Representatives in 1992. Virtually unopposed, he easily won reelection School, 1974-1975 in 1994, 1996 and 1998. As Pacific Daily News Editor Joe Murphy wrote, in Curriculum Writer, Bilingual Educa an April 1998 column, "It may say that Underwood is doing a good job for Guam, tion Project, 1973-75 and nobody in their right Teacher, U.S., World, and Guam mind would go up against this articulate former UOG History, 1972-1974 professor."

Congressman Underwood, Murphy continued, doesn't act like a politi- Appointments/Memberships Chairman, Political Status Education cian. "Del. Underwood is a strange breed in this politician's world. That is to Coordinating Commission, 1991 say he is very smart, very knowledgeable," Murphy wrote. In 1975, editor Chairman, Chamorro Language Murphy and school teacher Underwood found themselves on opposite sides of a Commission, 1977-1991 protest demonstration in front of the newspaper's offices. In what became the Guam Historic Preservation Member, first of several important public demonstrations, Robert Review Board, 1978-1990 organized and led the Member, Advisory Panel, Guam protest against the Daily News for its English-Only publication policy. The Council on the Arts and Humani- newspaper relented and changed its policy almost immediately. More than two ties, 1987 decades later, in 1996, Congressman Underwood gained national media atten- Advisor, Pacific Festival of the Arts, tion with his stand against Congressional English-Only legislation, recommend- 1985 Founding member, Organization of ing, with tongue in cheek, that Congress could go a step further to mandate People for Indigenous Rights ketchup as the nation's only official condiment. In Congress, and among bilin- (OPI-R), 1982 gual educators and proponents nationwide, Underwood's "Ketchup Only" barb Founding member, PARA-PADA, became a rallying cry. 1975 Member, Guam Commission on Self- Once characterized as a radical and an upstart, Robert Underwood Determination Task Force on now Free Association and Indepen- commands the respect of many former critics and the admiration of the Guam dence, 1981 community for his confidence among national policy makers and his proud - ~,%

representation of Guam at the national level. In 1996, he helped lead a boycott Appointments/Memberships Jacques Chirac's speech to a joint session of Congress. (cont'd.) of French President Member,National Advisory Council on Congressman Underwood, the Congressional Asian Pacific Caucus and House Bilingual Education, 1979 )embers opposed to French nuclear testing in the Pacific refused to attend the President, Pacific Islands Bilingual speech. Bicultural Association, 1979 Elected Office Since taking office, Congressman Underwood has made progress on Member, Territorial Board of several important and long-standing Guam issues. On the return of excess Education, Elected 1978 federal lands, he authored legislation in the 103rd Congress which became Public Law 103-339, the Guam Excess Lands Act. For Guam's World War II Recognition "Citizen of the Year," 1996 generation, he authored legislation, now P.L. 103-197, adding the Asan Bay National Association for Bilingual Overlook and Memorial Wall of Names to Guam's War in the Pacific National Education Historical Park incorporating the experience of the Chamorro people. Further- more, he continues to pursue war restitution for Guam's World War II genera- Agenda for the 106th Congress tion and equality for Filipino World War II veterans who fought under the U.S. * Judicial Authority - to clarify the flag. relationship between Guam's upper and lower courts. Congressman Underwood's work in the 104th Congress led to Guam's * Guam Land Return Process - to put inclusion in the Telecommunications Act of 1996, resulting in lower long dis- Guam ahead of federal agencies for excessed lands in Guam. tance phone rates for Guam. He also secured an amendment to the Sustainable * Political Asylum in Guam - to limit Fisheries Act, commonly called the Magnuson Act, to require territorial concur- such claims in Guam and provide rence on foreign fishing agreements and to keep the revenues from foreign local and federal governments more fishing licenses within the territories. In the Defense Department's Fiscal Year effective means to address illegal of the immigration into Guam. 1997 Reauthorization bill Congressman Underwood secured the repeal * Guam Tax Treaties - to extend U.S. Brooks Amendment, thus freeing Cabras land for Port development. In the tax treaty benefits and protections to Interior budget, he secured an annual appropriation of $4.58 million for Guam to Guam. ffset the impact of migration from the Freely Associated States into Guam. * Magistrate Bill - to establish a magistrate position for the District Court of Guam. As a result of the tragic crash of Korea Air Flight 801 in Guam in 1997, * Legalize Betel Nut Importation - to and the difficult experience of the victims' families, Congressman Underwood allow Guam residents to bring betel authored legislation requiring foreign airlines operating in the U.S. to develop nut into the U.S. for personal con- and implement a family support plan for emergency situations. The bill was sumption. enacted as P.L. 105-148, the Foreign Air Carrier Family Support Act, just three months after the tragedy. After Typhoon Paka struck Guam in December, LegislativeAccoinplishments Congressman Underwood worked with Federal Emergency Management 105th Congress Administration (FEMA) officials to ensure that Guam and its people received * Passed P.L. 105-291, the Guam maximum assistance. He also successfully negotiated with the Department of Organic Act Amendments, authoriz- Interior and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration ing an elected Attorney General (NOAA) for a grant for reef restoration, to repair underwater typhoon damage. and redefining legislative quorum. * Passed PL105-148, the Foreign Air In the Defense Department's FY 1999 budget, Congressman Carrier Family Support Act. Underwood secured provisions to extend base commissary and exchange * Passed P.L. 105-209, the Delegate benefits to National Guardsmen on federally declared disaster duty and to Ballot Act, combining ballots to save $10,000 per election. provide car rental reimbu sement for military personnel whose vehicles do not * Secured Commissary & Exchange arrive at new duty stations on time. Privileges for National Guardsmen on Federal Disaster Duty. Passionate activism and effecting change, especially in the areas of * Secured DoD Car Rental Reim- language and cultural and political rights, have been hallmarks of Robert bursement for Service Members whose cars arrive late at new duty Underwood's life. He first made waves as a high school student, when stations. --peaking languages other than English was a school offense, he asked to give a * Secured requirement for DoD report *,peech in Chamorro. As a young.school teacher, he organized the then contro- on Utilities Privatization. versial but now institutionalized observance of "Chamorro Week." As a * Secured $65 Million Reserve for Guam Businesses on A-76 Military university instructor, he rocked convention by developing a new course, "Cul- Outsourcing Contracts. ture and Education on Guam," after being denied the opportunity to teach Guam * Secured Removal of Restrictions on History. He was appointed to the Chamorro Language Commission in 1977 and GCC new campus land. 105th Congress (cont'd) served as its chairman for more than 12 years, until 1991. In 1978 he was * Secured Continued Participation of elected to the Territorial Board of Education and in 1979 he was appointed by FAS students in Pell Grant, SEOG, the U.S. Secretary of Health, Education and College Work-Study Programs and Welfare to the National Advisory at U.S. institutions. Council on Bilingual Education. t . * Secured Flexibility for Territorial Postsecondary Institutions to qualify To date, Robert Underwood has written, published and presented for federal programs. more than a hundred articles, papers and speeches on Chamorro culture, * Spearheaded House Resources history and language, specifically, and bilingual Committee hearing on the Guam education, education and Commonwealth Act, October 1997. language preservation in the Pacific, and on the effects of colonialism in the * Secured Federal/U.S. Postal Pacific. He has written five Chamorro culture and language texts for school Service recognition of Hagbtila children and many of his writings are required reading in high school, college name change. and university courses in Guam. In 1996 he was named Citizen of the Year by * Secured Inclusion of Guam in U.S. World War I Memorial. the National Association for Bilingual Education for his many contributions * Secured Guam's Inclusion in 50- to the field. State Commemorative Coin Act. * Facilitated Reversal of FSM tax Robert was also politically active outside the classroom. In 1975, he policy toward Guam firms. founded PARA, a language rights group. Under his leadership, two groups combined 104th Congress to form PARA-PADA, Guam's first true activist organization. * Secured $4.58 Million annually in PARA-PADA effectively brought about the rejection of a proposed Guam Compact Impact Aid for Guam. Constitution in a referendum in 1977. Robert also was a founding member of * Secured Guam's Inclusion in U.S. OPI-R, the Organization of People for Indigenous Rights, which championed Theater Missile Defense Plan. the right of political self-determination for Chamorros and advocated the * Secured Guam's Inclusion in formal recognition National Geological Mapping Act. and eventual exercise of this right. In 1981 he was named * Secured $16 Million for Air Force to the Guam Commission on Self-Determination's Task Force on Free Pipeline Underground Relocation Association and Independence, to research and present to the public its * Secured Guam's Inclusion in the findings on the advantages and disadvantages of those options. He remained 1996 Telecommunications Act, actively involved in the process leading to the political status plebiscite lowering Guam long distance rates. of * Secured Territorial Concurrence on 1982, the drafting of the Guam Commonwealth Act, and the subsequent Foreign Fishing Agreements ratification of the Act by Guam voters in 1987. (Sustainable Fisheries Act). * Secured the Cover over of Fishing As Guam's newly elected Washington delegate in 1993, Robert Licensing Fees to Territories (Sustainable Fisheries Act). Underwood introduced the. Commonwealth Act in the 103rd Congress, as * Repealed the Brooks Amendment, well as the following Congresses. At his request, the House Resources freeing Cabras land for Port Committee held a hearing on the Act in October 1997, during which the Development (Fisheries Act). Clinton Administration's position on the Act was made known. * Secured Acceleration of the Navy's Piti Power Plant Upgrade for eventual turn over to Guam. In his annual address to the Guam Legislature in 1997, Robert re- flected on his past. "Some folks think I'm no longer the radical I was in the 103rd Congress 1970s," he said. "I guess all the radicals of the '60s and '70s have mellowed * Passed P.L. 103-339, Guam Excess somewhat, and it is partially due to maturation.. .but the perception is also an Lands Act, mandating the retum of offshoot of seeing the principles you advocated in the 1970s come into ac- excess federal land. ceptance * Passed P.L. 103-197, adding the in the 1990s. Mellowed or not, I continue to stand for more au- Asan Bay Overlook and Memorial tonomy for Guam; I continue to stand for Chamorro self-determination; I Wall to the War in the Pacific continue to call Guam a U.S. colony; I continue to promote the preservation National Historical Park to com- of the Chamorro people, and I stand for a just federal land policy which puts morate theChamorrowar experience. people ahead of birds and which understands the tribulations * Secured temporary duty pay for of the people of service members. Guam. The difference is that today, everybody else stands for those things * Secured creation of Restoration too." Advisory Board for military base environmental clean-up. Congressman Underwood and his family reside in Alexandria, * Worked with GovGuam oflicials for Virginia, and maintain their Baza Gardens home in Yona, Guam. They are approval of Taiwan Guam-only Visa avid sports fans and active members of the Guam community in Washington Waiver Program. and supporters of Guam community activities throughout the United States. 1',

1, ID Carl T.C. Gutierrez lIP 'p A Governor of Guam a

hen Carl Tommy -uz Gutierrez was shipyard, in addition to fisheries and elected Governor in 1994,ulfilling a 30-year transshipment; dream, he brought his-experience as a * Signing 1,300 leases for the Chamorro businessman and unrivaled achievements as a Land Trust, and continuing the fight for public servant to Guam's highest elective the rights of ancestral landowners; and office. Some highlights of his recent * Leading government and civilian entities in accomplishments include: the fastest disaster recovery ever, making * Cutting an inherited government debt of Guam a model for other U.S. jurisdictions. k $206 million to $76 million, saving Carl Gutierrez is Guam's most successful Guam's bond rating in the process; legislator ever: he authored or co-sponsored * Ending "load shedding" (rotating power 270 Public Laws during his nine terms as blackouts) and development of public- Senator. His career began in 1972 when he private partnerships that added over 172 was elected to the 12th Legislature. He served megawatts and increased efficiency to the twice as Speaker, three times as Chairman of power system; Ways and Means; Chairman of Housing and * Reshaping government services with a one- Urban Development; as well as Vice stop permit center, one stop job center, Chairman of the Rules and the Tourism and expanded public health immunization Transportation Committees. programs, and increased mass transit Born on October 15, 1941 in Agana service; Heights, Carl was the 4th of 11 children * Championing basic services including 53 born to the late Tomas Taitano Gutierrez and miles of road upgrades, new schools, power Rita Benavente Cruz. and streetlight extensions, water and sewer He is a practicing Roman Catholic, upgrades, and new gymnasiums around the involved in many church organizations and island; activities. After a 6-month courtship, Carl * Diversifying the economy under the First married his "girl next door," Geraldine comprehensive master plan ever developed Chance Torres, on September 7, 1963. for Guam, including new industries such as "Geri," as all lovingly refer to Guam's First captive insurance, financial services, Lady, is the mother of their three children-- telecommunications, a newly privatized Carla 31, Tommy 30 and Hannah 23. U Madeleine Z. Bordallo Lt. Governor of Guam

Madeleine Z. Bordallo took her oath in America; and the World's Who's Who of of office as Guam's Lieutenant Governor on Women. January 5,1994, the first woman in the island's As a Senator, Madeleine served in the 16th, history to achieve this distinction. With her 19th, 20th, 21st and 22nd Legislatures. As more than four decades of invaluable with her community involvement, she experience as a stateswoman, community immersed herself in legislative work and served leader, businesswoman, mother and wife, as Chairperson of the Education, Health & Madeleine is arguably the most qualified Welfare, and Housing and Community individual, man or woman, ever to hold Development Committees and as Democratic Guam's second highest elective office. Assistant Majority Leader. She also served as Madeleine Zeien was born on May 31, Guam's Deputy Secretariat to the Asian Pacific 1933, in the small rural town of Graceville, Parliamentarian's Union; Delegate to the Minnesota. She moved to Guam in 1949 Association of Pacific Island Legislators and as when her father became the first postwar the longest serving member of the Democratic principal of George Washington High School. National Committee. She has established her Madeleine quickly fell in love with the island reputation as a dedicated, hardworking, and and the Chamorro people. Graduating from astute lawmaker and tenacious representative George Washington High School in 1951, she of the people. earned an Associate Degree in music from St. Madeleine was the Democratic Party's Katherine's College in Minnesota. Shortly nominee for Governor in 1990 and also was after, she married Ricardo Jerome Bordallo, a president of many civic organizations man destined to become Guam's first two term including the Federation of Asian Women's Democratic Governor. In 1954, Ricky and Associations, the Guam Memorial Hospital Madeleine celebrated the birth of their only Association the Guam Women's Club and the child, Deborah. Guam Lytico & Bodig Association. Through the years, Madeleine has As Lieutenant Governor, she has taken the contributed her free time to a growing number lead in several important initiatives including of worthy causes. In recognition of her Vision 2001, the Fraud & Abuse Hotline, community spirit and contributions, Island Beautification and the Tiyan Reuse Madeleine has been listed in the Who's Who Authority. FACT SHEETS Page 17

GUAM

History

The initial Western contact with Guam occurred in 1521, Ferdinand Magellan reached the southernmost Mariana Islands during his circumnavigation of the globe. General Miguel Legasp i claimed Guam and the other Mariana Islands for Spain in 1565. Spanish colonization commenced in 1668. The Chamorro population then was estimated at 50,000 throughout the Mariana Archipelago. However, introduced diseases and the Spanish-Chamorro wars decimated the Chamorro race, reducing the number of inhabitants to fewer than 2,000 by 1700. Guam served as a way station for the Spanish Acapulco-to-Manila galleons from 1668 to 1815. The Spanish regime ended in 1898 when American forces took Guam during the Spanish-American War. Spain later sold the rest of the Mariana Islands, including Saipan, Tinian and Rota, to Germany.

From 1899 to 1941, Guam was under U.S. Naval Administration. At the outbreak of World War 1l, the Japanese seized Guam and occupied the island for two and a half years. American forces. recaptured Guam in July 1944, and the U.S. Naval Administration resumed responsibility when peace returned. In 1950, the U.S. Government enacted the Guam Organic Act, conferring U.S. citizenship on the people of Guam and establishing local self-government. Under the Organic Act of 1950, the Secretary of the Interior assumed administrative responsibility for Guam, formerly vested in the Secretary of the Navy.

Political Status

Currently, Guam is an unincorporated, organized Territory of the United States. It is "unincorporated" because nepa. toiismeeloaWm . Guam is an "organized" territory because the Congress provided the territory with an Organic Act in 1950 which organized the government much as a constitution would.

The Guam Organic Act currently provides a republican form of government with locally-elected executive and legislative branches and an appointed judicial branch. Guam also has an elected representative to Congress -- The Honorable R"i. i-'-w-_

Seeking to improve its current political status, the Guam Commission on Self-Determination has drafted a proposed Guam Commonwealth Act, which was approved in two 1987 plebiscites. In February 1988, the document was submitted to the Congress for its consideration and was introduced in four consecutive Congresses--the 100th through the 104th.

Office of Insular Affairs Rev.April 27, 1998 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Office of Insular Affairs Rev.April 27, 1998 FACT SHEETS Page 18

Government

The governmental structure is very much like a state government with a governor, legislature, and local judiciary. The executive branch is comprised of a popularly elected governor and lieutenant governor each serving a four-ypar term. The current Governor is the . ez ho was elected in ith theffiGo cdBr

The legislative branch is a 21 member unicameral legislature whose members are elected every two years.

The judicial system includes a territorial court and a U.S. District Court. The U.S. District Court handles U.S. constitutional questions and other Federal cases. Appeals are channeled through the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco and from there to the U.S. Supreme Court.

The Member of Congress from Guam (currently the Honorable Robert Underwood) possesses the same powers and privileges as Representatives from the several States, with the exception of voting on the House floor.

Location, Geography and Climate

Guam is the largest and southernmost island in the Mariana Archipelago. It is located 3,700 miles west-southwest of Honolulu; 1,500 miles east of Manila; and 1,500 miles south-southeast of Tokyo.

Guam, which was formed by an uplift of undersea volcanoes, is surrounded by coral reefs near the shore. The island is composed of two distinct geologic areas of about equal size. The northern part of the island is a high coralline limestone plateau rising 850 feet above sea level. This area contains the northern water lens, the main source of fresh water in Guam. The southern region is mountainous with elevations from 700 to 1,300 feet above sea level.

Guam's tropical climate has temperatures ranging between 75 and 86 degrees Fahrenheit, with an annual mean temperature of 81 degrees. May and June are the hottest months. The yearly precipitation averages 90 inches with most rainfall occurring from July through October. Guam periodically experiences tropical storms and typhoons.

Population

h1 Guam's population is growing at an accelerating rate. At the time of the 21st Federal decennial census, in January 1994, Guam's population stood at 156,302. If the current rate of growth remains constant, the island's

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Office of Insular Affairs Rev.April 27, 1998 FACT SHEETS Page 19 population will double by the year 2012. Population density is approximately 590 per square mile, one of the highest in the United States. Of the total population, about 115,000 are bona fide local residents, and about 23,000 are military personnel and their dependents.

Ethnically, about 47 percent of the population are Chamorro; 25 percent are Filipino; 15 percent migrated from the U.S. mainland and 13 percent are Korean, Chinese, Japanese, Micronesian and Indian.

Guam's population is relatively young; about 35 percent are under 15 years of age. Guamanians tend to live longer than in many developed countries. The life expectancy in Guam averages 74 years for females and 70 years for males.

Culture

During the past several centuries, Guam has evolved into a multi-ethnic society. When the first Spanish missionaries commenced their Christianization of the islands late in the 17th century, Guam's inhabitants were entirely Chamorros, whose origin is believed to be Malaysian. War and. introduced diseases, however, nearly annihilated the indigenous people. Meanwhile, migrants flowed into Guam from various parts of the world, including Mexico, the Philippines, Japan, China, the United States, and Europe. Today, the Chamorros comprise slightly less than half of the population, but are still dominant in the political and social life of the island.

Most people are Christians, principally Roman Catholic. Other major religious denominations are Baptists, Seventh-Day Adventists, Latter-Day Saints and Episcopalians. Most other religions have adherents in Guam, including Jehovah's Witnesses, Jews, Buddhists, and Muslims.

Although most residents of Guam are bilingual, English is the common language. Chamor ro and English are the official languages.

Economy

Guam's economy is based on two main sources of revenue - *.uprfi9and iaws y). The economy has recovered from a downturn during the 1993-1994 period following extraordinary growth from 1988 to 1993. The economic outlook is for sustained growth, led by a resilient tourism industry.

The Guam government reported FY95 General Fund revenues of $524 million, up from $501 million in FY94, but still below FY 93's $561.5 million. According to the U.S. Bureau of Census's Federal Expenditures by State and Territory for Fiscal year 1994, direct federal grants

of Insular Affairs Rev.April 27, 1998 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Office of Insular Affairs Rev.April 27, 1998 FACT SHEETS Page 20 to the Government of Guam in FY 94 amounted to about $153 million, up from $89 million in 1993.

The tourism industry has grown from 6,600 visitors in 1967 when Pan American inaugurated direct flights from Guam to Tokyo to 1.5 million visitors in 1996. During the late 1980's and early 1990's, driven by expanding tourism, Guam experienced a tremendous construction boom. Several new hotels were constructed and many others expanded their facilities. There are currently more than 6,873 hotel rooms, and the number is expected to reach 12,000 under the Governor's vision 2001 program.

More than 300 U.S. foreign sales corporations have established offices in Guam. The interest of foreign and domestic companies continues to grow on the island.

The total labor force is about 55,000 (60 percent in the private sector and 40 percent in the local and Federal Government). The current unemployment rate is about 7 percent.

Communications

RCA Global Communications and IT&E handle cablegrams, facsimile messages, overseas telephone calls, and telex. The U.S. Postal Service handles mail delivery. Commercial mail delivery also is available through Federal Express and DHL.

Guam has one daily newspaper, a newspaper published three times a week, several weekly and monthly commercial publications, and military journals. There are three AM and two FM radio stations, one broadcast commercial television station, one commercial cable television station, and one public broadcasting station. Guam is a major Pacific cable station. A new fiber optic cable now links the island with Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, and Hong Kong.

Transportation

The Won Pat International Airport serves six air carriers, providing more than one hundred flights a week to Hawaii and the U.S. mainland, East Asia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Australia, and New Zealand. A new expansion of the airport was completed in 1996.

Guam serves as a transshipment hub for the region with three U.S. commercial shipping lines and several foreign shippers providing regularly scheduled service. The Guam Commercial Port can handle containerized as well as break bulk cargo at its modern terminal.

27, 1998 Office of Insular Affairs Rev.April DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Office of Insular Affairs Rev.April 27, 1998 IL .-. 0.

FACT SHEETS Page 21

Education

Guam has an extensive public and private education system. The public education system includes the University of Guam, a land grant college; the Guam Community College; five public high schools; six middle schools; and 24 elementary schools. The private system includes two business colleges, five high schools and several elementary schools. Most of these are affiliated with Roman Catholic and Protestant religious denominations.

The University of Guam has master degree programs in education and public administration; operates a marine research laboratory; and has an extensive collection of Pacific and Micro nesian historical documents and material at the Micronesian Area Research Center. The University of Guam is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges.

Health Services

The Guam Memorial Hospital, with 147 beds, is government-owned and the major health facility in Guam and Micronesia. The U.S. Naval Hospital serves military personnel and dependents as well as veterans. Guam's Department of Public Health operates about a dozen medical and dental clinics. About 140 physicians and 30 dentists practice in Guam.

Land Ownership

There are three categories of land-use ownership: private, Government of Guam, and the U.S. Government. The Federal Government holds about 30 percent of the total land area; the Government of Guam approximately 25 percent; and the remaining 45 percent is privately owned. Private land ownership on Guam is not restricted on the basis of nationality or residency and title can be held in fee simple. Some Federal military land has recently been turned back for the Government of Guam determination as to future use.

Travel Requirements

Because it is a U.S. territory, there are no restrictions for U.S. citizens traveling to and from Guam. The traveler must, however, carry proof of U.S. citizenship. A certified birth certificate will suffice.

Non-U.S. citizens must have valid passports issued by their respective governments and appropriate visas issued by a U.S. embassy or consulate.

1998 OF THE INTERIOR, Office of Insular Affairs Rev.April 27, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Office of Insular Affairs Rev.April 27, 1998 Infortnation on Guam http://www.house.gov/underwood/guam.htm GUAM

Geography The People Asia-Pacific Connections Economy Brief Hi f Guam Indigenous Peop eWorld War II Occupation Post World War II

Guam's Agenda in Washington, D.C. Political Status Land Issues War Restitution

Geography

Guam, the largest island in the Marianas chain and the largest of the 2,000 islands in Micronesia, is the westernmost territory of the United States. Located 13 degrees north latitude - 144 degrees east longitude, it is about 30 miles long and varies in points from 4 to 9 miles in width. With a total land area of 212 square miles, the island of Guam is about half the size of Hong Kong, roughly the size of Singapore and nearly 3 times the size of the District of Columbia. Guam is 9,500 miles from Washington D.C. and 3,500 miles from Honolulu. The People

The island's geographic location greatly contributes to the diversity of its people. The 150,000 people who reside on Guam come from all parts of Asia and the Pacific. In addition to Guam's indigenous Chamorros, who comprise 47 percent of the population, large numbers of "statesiders", Filipinos, Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans constitute the bulk of the island's population. There are also substantial numbers of Micronesian islanders from nearby islands with several thousand Vietnamese and East Indians. This makes Guam one of the most cosmopolitan communities in the Western Pacific. Asia-Pacific Connections

For a community of 150,000, Guam is a highly developed island primarily due to its visitor industry. The island's more than 1 million annual visitors are serviced by a dozen major airlines including familiar carriers such as Continental Micronesia, Northwest Airlines, United Airlines, Japan Airlines, Al Nippon Airways, Korean Airlines, and Asiana Airways. Guam is the major hub for Continental Micronesia. Daily flights depart the Guam International Airport to major international destinations including Honolulu, Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Seoul, Taipei, Hong Kong, Bali, Palau, Saipan, Pohnpei, Kosrae, Yap, and Majuro. Several international hotels are also conveniently located throughout the island. Financial transactions are made convenient by the presence of both American and Asian banking and financial institutions.

A Brief History of Guam Indigenous People, First European Contact

The Chamorros first came in contact with Europeans in 1521, during Ferdinand Magellan's famous expedition. Guam has the dubious distinction of being the first Pacific island to make contact with the west. The Spanish claim to the island, was made in 1565 by Maguel Lopez de Legazpi, who was on his way to the Philippines.

Actual colonization did not begin until 1668, with the arrival of Spanish missionaries. Spanish rule over Guam lasted 333 years until the Spanish-American War. At the conclusion of the War, Spain relinquished claims to Cuba and ceded Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Guam to the United States as outlined in the 1898 Treaty of Paris.

I of 4 8/9/99 10:56 AM Infonnation on Guam http://www.house.gov/underwood/guam.htm

Through an Executive Order issued by President William McKinley on December 23, 1898, the island of Guam was placed under direct administration of the Department of the Navy. The 100th anniversary of American rule will be commemorated in June of 1998. Prior to Word War II, the Navy ran Guam without any pretense of democracy. All executive officials in the government were Navy officers including the Governor. From time to time, there was some consultation with a purely advisory Guam Congress.

World War II: Occupation and Liberation

Concurrent with the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Guam was also attacked, invaded and then occupied. The Japanese occupation of Guam lasted 32 months, from December 10, 1941 to July 21, 1944, when the 3rd Marine Division, 77th Army Infantry Division and 6th Marine Provisional Brigade liberated the only American community occupied by a foreign powers since the War of 1812.

The occupation of Guam was a time of great hardship for the Chamorro people. They remained steadfastly loyal to the United States and they were subjected to forced labor, marches and a time of enormous deprivation. In the weeks prior to liberation, the brutality of the occupying army increased with beatings and public executions. Groups of Chamorro men, women, and children were herded into caves at Fena, Faha and Tinta and were massacred. The general population were forced to march to internment camps.

The liberation of Guam is the most important commemoration held today on the island. Liberation Day far surpasses any other holiday on Guam as a time of remembrance and celebration. We commemorate the sacrifices of those who endured the occupation and those who gave their lives to liberate our island, and we celebrate the triumph of our people over adversity. Post World War II

Naval Government remained until August 1, 1950 when the Organic Act of Guam was enacted granting the Chamorro people American citizenship and establishing a civilian government. Guam elected republican Carlos Camacho, its first governor in 1970. The island first elected a delegate to the US Congress in 1972. The first delegate was Antonio Won Pat, a democrat. Currently, the people of Guam are seeking an improved relationship with the United States through a commonwealth agreement. The Economy

Since the years after World War II, Guam has moved from an economy dominated by the military to a $3.1 billion, self-sufficient economy fueled by its tourism industry.

In 1996, Guam welcomed 1.3 million visitors to the island, over double the amount of visitors since 1988. The number of tourists to reached 1.5 million in 1997. The Gross Island Product of $3.1 billion has increased 75 percent in the last six years, making Guam one of the faster growing economies in the world.

In the past, visitors to Guam have originated almost exclusively from Japan. However, in 1993 alone, visitors from Taiwan increased by 89 percent and visitors from South Korea increased by 75 percent. These new markets provide significant growth potential for Guam's tourism industry. The dramatic growth in visitor arrivals from Taiwan was due largely to the inclusion of Taiwan in the Guam-only visa waiver program and exemplifies the potential for economic growth through empowerment of the local government.

Guam is now in the process of diversifying its economy. Guam's workforce employs people in a wide variety of industries including agriculture, banking, construction, telecommunications, light manufacturing and retail. Inclusion in the domestic telephone system as a result of the 1996 Telecommunications Act enhances Guam's economic potential. Growth in the tourist industry and

2 of 4 8/9/99 10:56 AM Infonnation on Gumn http://www.house.gov/underwood/guam.htm

potential for the reuse of closed military facilities will be the source of increased opportunities for Guam and American businesses expanding into the Asia-Pacific marketplace.

Federal influence on the economy continues to decline as a result of military down sizing aind the growth of the private sector. Federal grants account for approximately (10%) of the operating budget in the Government of Guam. The federal impact on the economy (military spending, retirement pay and contract accounts for approximately 20% of the gross island product.

Guam's Agenda in Washington

Guam's legislative agenda in Washington centers around political status change, the resolution of land issues and bringing closure to the World War II experience. Securing a fair level of federal attention and federal funds, while working to avoid the negative effect of laws and regulations that are inappropriate for a small island thousands of miles away demands active and persistent representation.

Political Status

Guam is seeking an improved relationship with the federal government as a Commonwealth.-T-he- Guam Commonwealth Act, H.R. 100, would grant Qu horityiveritsnteraaffainirsd ensure thee 6W -t na n for the Catiorro people of Guam. This proposal was developed on Guam and approved by the people of Guam article by article. It has been introduced in every session of the U.S. Congress since the 10 1st.

The Guam Commission on Self-Determination is authorized by Guam public law to represent the people of Guam in Commonwealth negotiations. This is a bipartisan commission with representatives from the executive, legislative and judicial branches of the Government of Guam, as well as representation by the Mayors' Council, the Guam Youth Congress and citizen-members.

Most people on Guam view Commonwealth as an interim status that would allow Guam to develop politically, socially, and economically. The key components of the Guam Commonwealth Act are

Land Issues

Land issues are among the most contentious on Guam. n enssurrentlyhplds C ver 0UOD cdres ong , reeen iijue nneit ofthe-island 1 DoD acquired the vast majority of its land holdings iithe years immediately following orld-W-lr II. Unlike areas in the western U.S. where land was acquired by the federal government through treaties and conquest, Guam's DoD lands were acquired in the post war years by n

These land condemnations occurred between 1945 and 1950, while Guam was under the administration of a military government. All phases of the condemnation were conducted by military officials.

These condemnations also occurred before citizenship was granted to the people of Guam. Further complicating the matter was the general feeling of gratitude among the Chamorro population for the liberation from enemy occupation and the widespread understanding that the lands would eventually be returned to the original landowners.

MWies-stil-lho o~ut-hope-for-eventua-return-ftheirlands. Land is central to the Chamorro ulture. The Chamorros refer to themselves as the "taotao tano" -- the people of the land. Recent s This renewed the long standing controversy over the initial condemnations, and the beliefhth federatgovernment made an implicit promise to the Chamorro families to one day return their land. In 1994, Congress passed the Guam Excess Lands Act (Public Law 103-339) to return 3200 acres to the people of Guam. Unfortunately, to date no excess land has been returned to the citizens of Guam. There is currently legislation (S. 210 and H.R. 368)

3 of 4 8/9/99 10:56 AM Information on Guam Intomatin onGuamhttp://www.house.gov/underwood/guam.htm

which places Guam at the head of the line over Federal agencies in the excess land return process. S.210 has already passed the Senate.

War Restitution

The Treaty of Peace with Japan, signed on September 8, 1951, precludes American citizens from filing claims against Japan for war reparati American citizens and nationals, both civilians and prisoners or war, have received some § during the latter part of WWII and in the post war years legislatively from the federal government. Guam's people were not included in this legislation.

Instead, Guam's war claims were authorized in Public Law 79-224 in the Guam Meritorious Claims Act passed in 1945 by Congress. There are several problems with the Guam s ecificlegislation.-Unlike the other legislation, the G idid not authz yment-frforcediaborand 1ced-margh. The Naval GovernmentT uam discourage 12iims over $5,000, because these amounts wou aKve to be approved in Washington. The Naval claims administrators also relied heavily on property damage as opposed to personal injury or death for the basis of claims--thus, in some cases, more compensation was paid for the loss of trees than for the loss of an arm.

A Commission appointed by the Secretary of the Interior visited Guam in 1945 and reported to Congress that there were very serious shortcomings in the Navy's handling of war claims. The most egregious issue was that only one year was allowed for claims in post-war Guam, at a time when whole villages were displaced by the Navy's own efforts to condemn land for permanent military bases. The Hopkins Commission recommended changes in the Guam Meritorious Claims Act to correct these problems, and noted in their testimony that the loyalty of the people of Guam during the brutal occupation made the war reparations effort by the Navy an embarrassment to the United States.

Congress passed legislation in 1948 and in 1962 to address some of the lingering problems arising from earlier efforts to settle war claims by American citizens and nationals. In both cases, Guam was not included. Had Guam been included in either law, Guam's war reparations would have been satisfied. No other action was ever taken by Congress to address the deficiencies reported by the Hopkins Commission in the Guam Meritorious Claims Act. H.R. 2200 addresses these issues and would bring closure to the World War II experience by the people of Guam.

Return to the Main Page

4 of 4 8/9/99 10:56 AM ANDERSEN AFB BASE

HISTORY

The first combat mission flown from North Field occurred Feb. 25 1945. After World War II, the 19th Bomb Group at North Field became the only bombardment unit of the Far East Air Forces. In 1949 the base was renamed Andersen AFB.

The first deployment of B-52s to the base began in 1964. On June 18, 1965, Arc Light Operations were initiated in support of Viet Nam operations and continued for the next eight years. Activity at Andersen increased greatly during Arc Light; the base population expanded to 15,000 and by December 1972, the base had more than 150 B-52s.

The bombing in the first half of 1972 set the stage for Linebacker II, known as the 11-Day War. The treaty ending the United State's involvement in Vietnam was signed 30 days later.

With the fall of Saigon in 1975, Andersen participated in Operation New Life. Andersen became home to thousands of Vietnamese refugees awaiting processing into the United States. A total of 109,553 refugees passed through Andersen.

In support of the Gulf War in 1991, Andersen aided in the transportation and deployment of 200 aircraft, 2,200 troops and 2,212 tons of cargo. More than 75 million pounds of bombs were shipped to the Gulf.

In June 1991, during Operation Fiery Vigil, more than 21,000 people were evacuated from Clark Air Base in the Philippines through Andersen following the eruption of Mount Pinatubo.

13TH AIR FORCE

The 13th Air Force's Area of Responsibility, stretches from the eastern coast of Africa to the western coast of South America. The 13th Air Force's mission is "Air Force professionals, poised and ready to employ airpower in partnership throughout the South Pacific and Indian Oceans."

Several units make up the 13th Air Force. Primarily, the four main units are the 613th Air Operations Squadron, the 613th Air Support Squadron, the 613th Air Communications Squadron (formerly the 644th Combat Communications Squadron), and the 613th Air Intelligence Flight.

36TH AIR BASE WING

On Oct 1, 1994, the 36th ABW was reactivated on Guam to support and service assigned and tenant units. As the host unit at Andersen, the Wing's mission is to provide peacetime and wartime support to project global power and reach from our vital location. The wing also oversees four groups at Andersen, as well as providing support for several tenants. 36TH OPERATIONS SUPPORT SQUADRON

This Squadron controls, directs and manages the airdrome at Andersen. The squadron develops, coordinates and publishes plans in support of wartime and peacetime operations. The squadron consists of three flights on Andersen: 36th Airfield Operations Flight, 36th Weather Flight, and 36th Combat Plans Flight

36TH LOGISTICS GROUP

Andersen's 36th Logistics Group is comprised of four squadrons - contracting, maintenance, supply and transportation. They also have a logistics support flight.

CONTRACTING SQUADRON: The contracting squadron's main responsibilities are to procure commodities, services and construction to support all wing and tenant activities.

MAINTENANCE SQUADRON: With more than 270 professionals, the maintenance squadron's five flights and command section provide a vital link in the group's logistics support mission. These include the munitions flight, the aerospace ground equipment (AGE) flight, the fabrication flight, and the accessory flight. Aircraft launch, recovery and servicing functions are provided under contract by Sterling Services.

SUPPLY SQUADRON: The Supply Squadron maintains a ready and capable manpower, facility and equipment infrastructure. Supply supports tactical and strategic peacetime, contingency and wartime operations, strategic airlift transient and staging operations, as well as all of Andersen's units and tenant organizations.

TRANSPORTATION SQUADRON: The squadron boasts more than 200 members providing transportation services to all Andersen units. The squadron has four major branches - vehicle maintenance, vehicle operations, traffic management, and combat readiness and resources.

36TH MEDICAL GROUP

The 36th Medical Group team is the focal point for health care at Andersen. The group provides medical, aerospace medicine and dental services to members assigned to the wing and throughout Team Andersen.

36TH SUPPORT GROUP

Andersen's largest group consists of mission-oriented people assigned to civil engineering, communications, mission support, security police and services squadrons.

CIVIL ENGINEER SQUADRON: With more than 456 people, the 36th Civil Engineer Squadron is the largest squadron on Andersen. Its responsibilities include engineering, operations, explosive ordnance disposal, readiness/disaster preparedness, fire protection, environmental, resources and military family housing management. COMMUNICATIONS SQUADRON: Comprised of three flights, the communications squadron provides reliable communications and support to ensure customer satisfaction.and enhance the Pacific Air Forces mission.

36" MISSION SUPPORT SQUADRON: The Squadron is comprised of five flights: military personnel, civilian personnel, education services, family support and the Airman Leadership School.

3 6* SECURITY FORCES SQUADRON: The Squadron provides optimum security for priority resources vital to national security and public service through professional law enforcement to Andersen's military members and families

36' SERVICES SQUADRON: The Squadron provides round-the-clock mission support and quality of life services for the Andersen community. Quest for Commonwealth http://www.house.gov/underwood/connonwealth.htm

GUAM COMMONWEALTH ACT H.R. 100 & S. 1373 - 105TH CONGRESS

Guam's Internationa Introduction to the Act ;11989 Congressional Summary of the Act StatusHearings

Ful Text of HR 100 Negotiations with the 997 Congressional The Five Major Administration Hearngs Portions of the Act

GUAM'S INTERNATIONAL STATUS

Guam like-Eastimo' Western Sahara and Gibraltar, remains on the United Nations' list of MrsniSelf-Governing-Te 'r" Placed on the international list of colonies voluntarily by the U.S. in 1946, the United States assumed numerous obligations, including implementing and overseeing the process of Guam's decolonization.

A NEW AMERICAN COMMONWEALTH: A NEW MODEL FOR GOVERNING

Guam seeks to establish a new Commonwealth in time for its commemoration afiehundrLyoeai_ under the American flag in 1998. Guam's Commonwealth proposal, introduced in the 105th Congress as H.R. 100, would create a political framework by which Guam can exercise internal self-government and later resolve its final status issues in a process that recognizes the right of self-determination of the indigenous people, tlo-hamo . The essence of the Guam Commonwealth Act is to allow a form of the consent of the governed-hat addresses the fact that Guam has no participation in making federal laws or electing the President. Thus, "Mutual Consent" and "Chamorro Self-Determination" are the underlying principles of the Guam Commonwealth Act. Guam's proposal continues the progress that other Commonwealth documents have made in devolving federal powers to the people of the territories.

INTRODUCTION TO THE GUAM COMMONWEALTH ACT The current Commonwealth effort began in 1987 with the adoption of the draft Guam Commonwealth Act in two plebiscites by the people of Guam. This draft Act was then introduced in 1988 by Guam's Congressional Delegate, and the same Act has been reintroduced in subsequent Congresses as H.R. 100, the Guam Commonwealth Act. 1998: CENTENNIAL OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR

Guam has been an unincorporated territory of the United States since its acquisition in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. The U.S. has two territories remaining from that fateful war -- Guam and Puerto Rico. Both territories seek a resolution of their political status issues as the centennial of the 1898 American acquisition approaches next year. The basic difference between Guam and Puerto Rico on the status issue is that while Puerto Rico can realistically strive for statehood, that option is not likely to be offered by Congress to Guam in the near future. Therefore, Guam seeks a Commonwealth status consistent with its options and its desire for political dignity.

AMERICA'S STRATEGIC TERRITORY

Guam is best known in national security circles for its . .. xi o-ery -major-Asian-eit,t including Beijing, Tokyo and Seoul. It was from Guam that B-52 strikes against Iraq were launched in 1996, and it was to Guam that Kurdish refugees were later evacuated. It was Guam that provided critical support during the Vietnam War and the Persian Gulf War. And because it is a U.S. territory, the U.S. military enjoys a flexibility of operations from Guam that even our most staunch Asian allies cannot match.

I of 4 8/9/99 10:55 AM Quest for Commonwealth http://www.house.gov/underwood/commonwealth.htm

AS ASIAN TIGER WITH AMERICAN STRIPES

The geographic advantages that the military enjoys naturally lend themselves to a thriving visitor industry. Guam's visitor industry recorded over 1.4 million arrivals in 1996, with the largest share of visitors originating from Japan and Korea. During the 1980s, Guam's economy grew faster that the strongest Asian economies, and its current Gross Island Product of $3.5 billion (1996) for a population of 155,000 ranks Guam among the 'a r t4 om - s While most mainlanders think of Guam only in military terms, its size a d Sd ng Kong and the same size as Singapore) and its location in the Asian Pacific allow room and impetus for profound economic and commercial growth.

CONGRESS' INITIAL RESPONSE: THE 1989 HEARINGS

Congress held hearings on the Guam Commonwealth Act in 1989 in Hawaii. Due to the comprehensive nature of the Act, the House Committee on Interior (now called the Committee on Resources) recommended that Guam's representatives conduct discussions with the administration to try to narrow differences and to report to Congress on areas of agreement and disagreement. Eight years and two administrators later with no resolution, Guam's Commission of Self-Determination has decided that negotiations with the administration are no longer productive and Congress should now consider Guam's request for a new political relationship.

NEGOTIATIONS WITH THE ADMINISTRATION: 1989 TO 1997

The eight years of negotiation with the Bush and Clinton Administrations have been marked by initial progress followed by backtracking. The Bush Administration issued a final report in January 1993 that reneged on many areas of agreement between Guam's Commission on Self-Determination (CSD) and the Administration's representatives. Rather than repeat that failed Bush Task Force approach, the Guam representatives requested that President Clinton appoint a Special Representative for Guam Commonwealth who would formulate his administration's response to Guam's proposals. The Guam CSD believed that a Special Representative with the confidence of the President would be able to help policy makers in the federal bureaucracy overcome the intransigence of the bureaucrats to Guam's proposals for more local autonomy. Unfortunately, bureaucratic and programmatic views of the Guam-U.S. relationship have dominated both the Administrations' positions. No serious policy approach has resulted.

THE 1997 CONGRESSIONAL HEARINGS: GUAM SEEKS AN ANSWER

The negotiations with the Administration's Special Representative have ended without reaching a conclusion on many issues. Ultimate Constitutional authority for the territories rests with the Congress, and Guam seeks clear answers from Congress to its commonwealth proposal.

SUMMARY OF THE GUAM COMMONWEALTH ACT

2 of 4 8/9/99 10:55 AM Quest for Commonwealth http://www.house.gov/underwood/commonwealth.htm

Title I Political Relationship Establishes Guam's right to have a constitution which recognizes and is consistent with U.S. sovereignty. * Recognizes the right to self-determination of the indigenous people (Chamorros). * Establishes a partnership between Guam and the Federal Government whereby changes in relationship are agreed to by both sides. Title II lApplicability of Federal Law * Extends Constitutional protections of U.S. Citizenship to citizens of Guam. * Establishes a process to review the applicability of federal laws. Title III Foreign Affairs and Defense " Recognizes Federal authority in defense and foreign affairs but requires consultation on future military plans. " Facilitates Guam's participation in regional organizations. Title IV Courts * Creates a judicial system functioning under a Guam constitution and resembling a "state-like" relationship between the courts of Guam and the Federal Government. Title V Trade . Permits Guam to continue to be outside the customs free zone but allows the export of products into the U.S. duty free. Title VI Taxation . Allows Guam to devise its own tax system and to adjust it according to local needs. VIVTitle Immigration ...... 11...... -1...... -...... - II I . Tailors immigration policies to meet the conditions in Guam. * Reduces use of Guam as a Port of Entry for acquisition of U.S. citizenship. Title VIII Labor . Adjusts employment regulations to address local needs. * Ensures local residents access to federal jobs. Title IX Transportation and Telecommunications . Equalizes treatment of Guam in transportation to that of the CNMI. * Treats Guam as any other Pacific Insular area in maritime matters. * Expands opportunities for airline services to the island from nearby countries. TiiptleI Lnd Na~tural Resouurces and Ultilities 'tI 1T.XadNtur.lR.sor.e7andUtilti. . Gives private landowners access to their privately owned land which is "landlocked" by the military. * Gives Guam greater control and management for Guam's sea and land resources. Title XI U.S. Financial Assistance * Provides for the continued remission of federal taxes collected on Guam to the Government of Guam. * Provides citizens of Guam equal access to federal benefits as those provided to other U.S. citizens. Title XIITechnical Amendments and Interpretation

The Five Major Portions of the Guam Commonwealth Act

3 of 4 8/9/99 10:55 AM Quest for Commonwealth http://www.house.gov/underwood/commonwealth.htm

Self-Determination Immigration Control Economy & Trade Application of Federal Laws | Mutual Consent

The draft Guam Commonwealth Act, H.R. 100, is a request from the people of Guam for the United States to restructure its relationship with Guam through a negotiated agreement which is mutually respectful of the political rights of the people of Guam and of the legitimate national security interests of the Untied States. There are five major portions of the Act.

I. Creation of Commonwealth and the Right of Self-Determination

" Establishes the Commonwealth as a 3-branch republican form of government; * Allows the indigenous people of Guam, who were acquired by the U.S. in 1898 as a result of the Spanish American War, to choose their preference for a final political status.

II. Immigration Control

" To allow the people of Guam to limit immigration for two major reasons: * (a) to prevent further reduction of the indigenous population; * (b) to allow the people of Guam to enforce an immigration policy more appropriate for a developing economy in Asia.

III. Commercial, Economic and Trade Matters

* Various specific negotiated authorities which allow consideration of Guam as the unique economy it is in Asia, requiring particularized approaches to maximize the benefit to Guam and to the United States. " Maintenance of status outside customs zone, representation in regional economic organizations, recognition of local control of resources.

IV. The Application of Federal Laws

* To provide a mechanism to allow for input from the people of Guam through its elected leadership regarding the appropriateness of a U.S. law or regulation as applied to Guam. (Guam's suggestion is for a "joint commission" appointed by the President with final authority in Congress).

V. Mutual Consent

. An agreement that the provisions of the Guam Commonwealth Act will not be arbitrarily altered.

Return to t e ain Page

4 of 4 8/9/99 10:55 AM ROBERT A. UNDERWOOD Congressional Delegate U.S. House of Representatives GUAM

WashIngtonOc News Release Guam Dstrict Oe mee: (202) 225-1188 Phone: (671)474272 Fax (202) 226-0341 Fax: (671) 477-2687

CONGRESSMAN UNDERWOOD INTRODUCES GUAM OMNIBUS BILL

July 6, 1999 -- Congressman Robert A. Underwood has introduced a multifaceted measure addressing several long-standing Guam issues. Introduced last week, the Guam Omnibus Opportunities Act has the backing of Resources Chairman Don Young (R-Alaska) and ranking member Rep. George Miller (D-Calif.), who are co-sponsors.

Of the six provisions in the act, Congressman Underwood said the three most significant are the Guam Land Return Act, the Guam Foreign Direct Investment Act, and what Underwood light- heartedly calls the "Freedom for Betel nut to Travel Act."

"The land return provision would change the disposal process for federal lands in Guam by placing Guam at the head of the line," the Congressman said. "Under this provision, the Government of Guam would have the right of first refusal for such lands." The current disposal process requires the General Services Administration to offer excessed lands first to other federal agencies and only secondarily to local governments.

The Guam Foreign Direct Investment Act,, would extend to Guam some of the benefits of U.S. tax treaties with other countries," the Congressman said. Under current treaty agreements, from which Guam is excluded, the tax rate on foreign investment in the United States is around 15 percent; the rate for investing in Guam is 30 percent. The issue, he added, was brought to his attention by the Guam Chamber of Commerce. "If you were a Japanese investor, where would you want to invest -- in Hawaii, where you would have to pay 15 percent, or in Guam, where you would have to pay double?" Underwood said. "This provision is intended to even out the playing field for Guam."

The "Freedom for Betel nut to Travel Act" would allow Guam residents to bring Betel nut into the United States for perspnal consumption. The current ban on Betel nuts isboth an agricultural and a customs issue, the Congressman said. "The Food and Drug Administration has ruled that Betel nuts are carcinogenic (cancer-causing), based on existing scientific literature," he said. "However, the studies which suggest a link between Betel nut chewing and mouth cancer are based on the practice of chewing a 'wad' consisting of the unpeeled, unripened nut, white lime and sometimes tobacco wrapped in a pepper leaf. Chamorros do not eat Betel nut that way. We eat it ripe, without the husk, and generally only with pepper leaf."

Three other provisions in the omnibus bill relate to clarifying that aliens are not entitled to housing assistance over U.S. citizens; empowering the governors of the territories and State of Hawaii to report to the Interior Department on the social and financial impacts of the compacts of free association on their respective jurisdictions; and defining Guam as a state for the purpose of participating in Justice Department grant programs. -30- Contact Cathy Gault at 475-2404. GAA1999\omnibus.wpd Our View

U- Support Omnibus Act can 4 help Guam become more self-sufficient Del. Robert Underwood's latest legisla- ve plan gets the congressional support it eserves, Guam may be in for better economic times and more control of its resources. The Guam Omnibus Opportunities Act, introduced last week, would give GovGuam first crack at excess federal land, require more compact-impact assistance and reduce taxes on foreign investments on Guam, among other things. These measures have been addressed in other forms before Congress and have individual- ly received growing political support But the strength of this bill is that collectively these measures have the co-sponsorship of House Resource Committee Chairman Don Young, R-Alaska, and ranking House Democ- rat George Miller of WS important ta California. Guam ~The importance of C'U~fne~lcent allowing GayGuamn help promote his to have first option on excess federal property on Guam CongreSSK" has been well sub- reprsentfive ... stantiated. Ths land originally belonged to Guam property owners. And if it's no longer needed, then it should be returned quickly and without other federal entities standing in the front of the line to claim it. And we need leverage to force the federal government to fairly reimburse Guam for money spent in providing public services to Micronesian isanders who have come here under the compacts of free association. But another provision in the bill that would lower taxes on foreign investments has the best potential to help stimulate our economy and provide more self sufficiency. The Organic Act requires Guam to charge 30 percent on foreign investor profits. This change would lower that to 15 percent, the same tax rate charged by the rest of the United States. If we are to become a center for captive insurance businesses, off-shore banking and the telecommunications industry, this will provide one of the biggest incentives we can offer. It's hard to compete with Hawaii and California, for instance, when they have lower tax rates. When Congress reconvenes in August, this bill needs to go to the floor for a vote. It's important that Guam residents help promote this bill among congressional representative's. Send letters to: 1324 Longworth Build- n r) nn,;O15 f, r. ,o, - 1-

Y2K Remediation Funding and Guam August 6, 1999

Background

0 Collectively, the territories have little resources at their disposal to facilits l The territories have a unique status within the American political family and are in many ways different from the states in the issues and problems they face as well as in how the federal government administers and dispenses federal funding. Guam, for example, has been forced to shoulder many federal funding responsibilities, which await federal reimbursement, simply because of our geographic proximity to the Asia Pacific region and our isolation from the continental United States.

FederalAction

* In early 1999, the Department of Interior (Office of Insular Affairs) [OIA] requested that the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) provide money to the territories for Y2K remediation. The stated Administration policy with regard to Y2K for the states, local governments, and territories has been direct; they do not want to reward "negative behavior" for their own lack of funding for Y2K remediation. Congressman Underwood has maintained that the territories are a unique case that warrants special federal attention. Indeed the District of Columbia has been viewed in this light, thus establishing a precedent.

* OIA successfully persuaded the Administration to reprogram funds from within the President's budget for territorial Y2K. OMB established strict criteria to determine how the funds would be allocated. OMB established that funds will be provided for Y2K remediation in computer systems and software that had originally come from the federal government. GAO will audit the submissions/requests.

* OIA commissioned a study via USDA to determine the Y2K needs of the territories. Guam's USDA report requested $2.5 million. Due to technical difficulties in the initial USDA report Guam made an additional request to OMB in the amount of approximately $27 million.

* OMB announced in July tha ll receive a mere Nrn 100102K-fiming. In contrast, the U.S. Virgin Islan~ rcired41i6iliiouc flirilifnitial request of $21 million. In light of Guam's dire economic circumstances, this calculation is an extremely inequitable distribution, particularly since Guam will be the first U.S. territory or State to experience the Y2K bug on January 1, 2000.

* Congressman Underwood requested that OIA advocate on behalf of Guam to OMB for a second opportunity to review Guam's Y2K needs. OMB granted this request and another USDA team was sent to Guam to reassess their initial report. The subsequent Guam report asked for $23 million, based on the strict OMB definitions. This report was submitted by Assistant Secretary of the Interior John Berry to OMB at the end of July. Y2K Remediation Funding and Guam Page 2 August 6, 1999

* Guam is currently awaiting a "final" decision by OMB.

Issues

* It is vital that Guam receive substantive funding for Y2K. It will be more cost-effective in the long run to provide funding for remediation than to contend with a disaster and be compelled to request emergency relief.

* A sense of equity vis-a-vis the other territories for Y2K money must be insisted. DC's Y2K windfall has already set a precedent for funding, notwithstanding the Administrations stated policy regarding Y2K money for the states.

* Guam and the other territories are included in the Y2K liability bills and other Y2K legislation pending Congress. GUAM NAVY BACKGROUND

MILITARY AND GUAM

The island of Guam is a linchpin of US military's strategy in the Pacific. As a U.S. territory, it is the only major base complex in the western Pacific to which the United States has guaranteed access. Its strategic location and facilities make it vital to a prompt U.S. response to crises in northeast or southwest Asia.

Guam's importance as a contingency and forward logistics base increased after the closure of U.S. bases in the Philippines. Guam now provides the bulk of the logistic support of Seventh Fleet units operating in the Indian Ocean.

THE NAVY ON GUAM

U.S. Naval Station, Guam was established on August 7, 1899 with the entire island designated as Navy property. Commanding Officer Captain R.P. Leary was appointed the island's first Governor.

The Navy controlled Guam until the island was invaded in the early days of World War II. It remained under enemy control until July 21, 1944, when la After the island had been secured, Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz arrived to establish his headquarters as Commander in Chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet. In September 1956, Naval Station was placed under the cognizance of Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Marianas.

COMMANDER, U.S. NAVAL FORCES MARIANAS

The headquarters of Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Marianas (or COMNAVMARIANAS) is located in building 3190 at the former Naval. Activities (NAVACTS) Guam. In 1997, NAVACTS, including the former Naval Station Guam, officially consolidated with COMNAVMARIANAS.

The Commander serves both as the regional coordinator for the U.S. Pacific Fleet, and as the USCINCPAC (Joint Commander Pacific) representative for Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) and Republic of Palau (ROP). The USCINCPAC representative on Guam is RADM Jonathan W. Greenert, who also reports to CINCPACFLT in his capacity as Commander, U.S. Naval Forces, Marianas.

As the Pacific Fleet's regional area coordinator, COMNAVMARIANAS provides support to the operating forces of the U.S. 7th Fleet and other Navy commands and activities on Guam. As the USCP representative to GUAM, CNMI, FSM, and ROP, the commander coordinates the actions of service-specific components located throughout Micronesia with the host governments. Commands directly reporting to COMNAVMARLANAS include the Naval Hospital, the Branch Dental Clinic, the Navy Exchange and the Public Works Center.

COMNAVMARIANAS plays host to several key tenant commands, as well as serving as the home port of a submarine tender.

The former Naval Magazine, Guam, now known as the Ordnance Annex, is located in the south-central section of the island. It occupies an area of 8,800 acres and is designated as a wildlife refuge. Ordnance Annex provides support through receiving, renovating, maintaining, storing and issuing ammunition, explosives and expendable ordnance materials to units of the Pacific Fleet operating in the Western Pacific.

MILITARY SEALIFT COMMAND

The miqsion of the Military Sealift Command (MSC) is to provide ocean transportation of equipment, fuel, supplies and ammunition to sustain U.S. forces worldwide during peacetime and in war for as long as operational requirements dictate.

Military Sealift Command Office (MSCO) Guam provides logistic and operational support for MSC controlled vessels. This includes units of Maritime Prepositioning Ships Squadron Three (MPSRON Three) that are forward-deployed to Guam and the Northern Marianas.

In order to respond rapidly to any sudden contingency, the U.S. established an Afloat Propositioning Force as part of the Strategic Sealift Force. These ships are laden with military equipment and supplies and strategically located around the world. Thirteen of these squadrons are located in the Atlantic, Indian Ocean and Western Pacific.

PUBLIC WORKS CENTER

The Navy Public Works Center provides the maintenance for shops and office buildings, generates and distributes electricity, treats and distributes water, collects and treats sewage, maintains the roads, and supports official-use vehicles, from sedans to 50-ton cranes.

In addition, PWC serves Navy family housing units in 13 separate areas. Community services provided include water, sewage, electricity and trash collection.

OFFICER IN CHARGE OF CONSTRUCTION, MARIANAS

Officer in Charge of Construction (OICC), Marianas is responsible for the administration of design and construction programs for military activities on Guam and other Micronesian islands. A large percentage of contract dollars flow into Guam's economy through employment, equipment rentals and material purchases; OICC Marianas has become a major contributor to the economic development of Guam and Micronesia.

DET CAT GUAM

The Officer in Charge, Naval Construction Brigade Detachment Civic Action Teams Guam (NCB DET CAT Guam) was established on August 15, 1984, to provide equipment, logistic and administrative support to, and exercise operational control of, DoD-sponsored Civic Action Teams in Micronesia. In support of these teams, NCB DET CAT Guam procures, packs, stages and air- ships more than 500 tons of support items annually. These items include everything required by the teams from tools to building and medical supplies.

NAVAL AIRBORNE WEAPONS MAINTENANCE UNIT ONE

Naval Airborne Weapons Maintenance Unit One (NAWMU-1) is an intermediate-level missile maintenance activity manned and operated to provide the forward-deployed operating forces with an air- and surface-launched missile maintenance, test and repair capability. NAWMU-1 deploys missile maintenance, training and inspection detachments. NAWMU-1 is located onboard COMNAVMARIANAS Ordnance Annex

MOMAU-8

Mobile Mine Assembly Unit Eight (MOMAU-8), located at the COMNAVMARIANAS Ordnance Annex, is the largest Mobile Mine Assembly unit in the world. The mission of the unit is to maintain a pre-positioned war reserve stockpile of underwater mines in designated readiness and assembly configuration. When directed by appropriate authority, responsively assemble and complete the final preparation of service mines and quickstrikes.

USS FRANK CABLE

USS Frank Cable (AS 40) is a forward-deployed submarine tender homeported at Polaris Point in Apra Harbor, Guam. It is the sole mobile support base for all Commander, U.S. 7th Fleet submarines and surface ships in the Western Pacific.

NAVAL COMPUTER AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS STATION

The mission of the U.S. Naval Computer and Telecommunications Station (NCTS) is to provide the necessary communications support for the command, coordinate the activities of communications stations throughout the Western Pacific and Indian Ocean area, and provide support to all ships operating within these areas.

HELICOPTER COMBAT SUPPORT SQUADRON FIVE

Helicopter Combat Support Squadron Five (HC-5) provides forward-deployed H-46 logistic support capability for the U.S. Pacific Fleet. The unit moved to Andersen Air Force Base in 1994, just prior to the closing of the Naval Air Station at Agana in 1995.

HC-5 operates 15 H-46D helicopters. HC-5 is the only forward-deployed vertical replenislment squadron in the U.S. Navy and supports 7th Fleet units in the Western Pacific, Indian Ocean, and the Persian Gulf

HC-5 is also responsible for heliborne firefighting, drone and torpedo recovery, special warfare support, and 24-hour search and rescue coverage for Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands.

EODMU-5

Explosive Ordnance Disposal Mobile Unit Five (EODMU-5) provides forward deployed EOD support for the U.S. Pacific Fleet. EODMU-5's mission is to eliminate hazards from ordnance which jeopardize operations conducted in support of the national security strategy. EODMU-5 consists of 16 officers and 90 enlisted members

U.S. COAST GUARD ON GUAM

There are four separate Coast Guard active-duty commands on Guam, including Marianas Section, Marine Safety Office Guam, Cutters Galveston Island and Basswood. Coast Guard Marianas Section and Marine Safety Office Guam, under the same Commanding Officer, are responsible for search and rescue, port safety, marine environmental protection, merchant mariner licensing, vessel inspections, maritime investigations and maritime law enforcement.

Of the two surface units, CGC Galveston Island performs law enforcement, search and rescue and military readiness missions, while the CGC Basswood is responsible for maintaining aids to navigation for the territorial waters of Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). 9.

Illegal Immigration to Guam August 6, 1999

Issue

Since the start of 1999, Guam has been marked as America's newest "target" for Chinese criminal organizations smuggling human cargo from the People's Republic of China (PRC). The Immigration and Nationality Act, which is applicable on Guam, leaves the island vulnerable to illegal immigrants seeking political asylum.

In recent years , Guam has been subject to es particularly from the PRC, partly because of the Asian economic crisis. In just the first four months of 1999, Guam has been the recipient of more than 700 Chinese illegal aliens seeking political asylum in the United States. The 1999 figures have already surpassed the total 1998 figures of over 600.

~~ House interagen!cy tasor .. 2Ctoast-tiadjass't dive to interdict vessels suspected of tp immigranstttiiin The implementationof-thsitegyfor-th Eiieling, has stemmed the flowv into Guam. However, the undocumented illegal Chinese immigrants that reached Guam earlier this year remain on Guam. Their right to claim asylum has been activated and the adjudication process has begun. This process is not governed by a specific time period and is largely determined by the number of federal resources available to expedite the adjudication process.

Illegal immigration into the United States is a federal responsibility. Because of Guam's proximity to Asia, it is incumbent that federal agencies assist the government of Guam in combating this serious problem on our shores. Guam is only 212 square miles in size and our population is 150,000. Any significant increase in the immigrant population on the island has significant social and financial repercussions because our financial resources have been strained by the Asian economic crisis and we do not have alternative resources available for non-criminal immigrants that are available on the U.S. mainland (i.e. immigrant social services) to supplement federal resources.

Federal Reimbursement to the Government of Guam

The surge of illegal immigration to Guam has depleted INS financial resources on Guam and has forced the government of Guam to incur detention costs at our local correctional facility, which is already overcrowded, at a cost of $50,000 per day for the current number of alien detainees. The government of Guam has spent $5.7 million for detention-related costs, without reimbursement from INS, through June 1999. Projected costs through FY 1999 for local detention are $7.5 million. These costs do not include local law enforcement costs from the Guam Police Department and Guam Customs and Quarantine Agency, public safety costs from the Guam Fire Department, port security costs from the Port Authority of Guam, public health .V;

costs from the Guam Department of Public Health, and environmental costs from the Guam Environmental Protection Agency. Reimbursement and projected costs for these services exceed $2 million. The total costs expected to be spent from the government of Guam, should the INS and other federal agencies fail to intervene, are $12.2 million for FY 1999 alone.

The Administration had submitted to the House Appropriations Committee an amendment to the Department of Justice's FY 2000 budget request, dated July 19, 1999, which would provide $19.4 million dollars to reimburse Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and the Department of Justice for the costs incurred for detaining and repatriating criminal and non-criminal smuggled aliens as part of the Commerce, Justice, State, and Judiciary (CSJ) appropriations bill for FY 2000. Due to time constraints however, the House Appropriations Committee was unable to include the Administration's request in their version of CSJ's FY 2000 appropriation. At the time of the Administration's request, the Senate had already acted on its CSJ FY 2000 appropriation.

Both the House and Senate have passed Commerce, State, Justice and Judiciary appropriations measures for FY 2000. Neither version contains language to reimburse Guam for costs incurred for detaining criminal and non-criminal aliens on Guam.

The request to provide $19.4 million dollars to reimburse Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and the Department of Justice for the costs incurred for detaining and repatriating criminal and non-criminal smuggled aliens is still part of the Statement of Administrative Position (SAP).

Future of Funding

Congressman Underwood remains committed to working with Appropriators and the Administration to reimburse Guam for detention related costs as the Commerce, State, Justice and Judiciary FY 2000 appropriations bill goes to conference.

-end- 01/

GUAM MILITARY ISSUES (Note: this was prepared by the U.S. Navy Liaison)

Situated in the Western Pacific, across the International Date Line at 13-28 north latitude and 144-45 east longitude, Guam is only three jet-hours away from the Asian capitals of Tokyo, Taipei and Manila, huge Asian markets, including China's are within close reach. With about 150,000 residents and more than 13,000 military personnel and their family members, Guam is the largest and most populated island in the geographical area known as Micronesia.

THEJONESACT

The Jones Act requires that only U.S. flag carriers transport goods/passengers between U.S. ports. This has the effect of increasing the price of goods on Guam. For example, where it would be most economical for a Japanese flag auto carrier to stop at Guam to offload a small number of autos enroute to San Diego, the law forces the carrier to bring all the autos to single U.S. port. The goods must then be shipped to Guam via a U.S. carrier. The act also impacts the cruise line industry by disallowing cruises between Guam and other Marianas Island locations on other than U.S. flag carriers. Estimates of the added costs of goods due to Jones act compliance range as high as 25%.

GUAM SCHOOLS

After ten years of effort and $107.5 million expended by DOD to work with Guam officials to improve the quality of education for children on Guam, education levels and facilites u ubstandard. Therefore, DOD established a Domestic Dependent Elementary and Secondary Schooli(DDISS) system on Guam, which opened on 29 Sep 97. DDESS is already yielding dividends as children are focused on education and parents are happy.

The most contentious issues involving DOD on Guam today concern land use and ownership. The Government of Guam (GovGuam) and various local groups and families claim that much of the land on Guam currently owned by DOD is not needed by the military. They feel excess lands should be returned at no cost either to the original owners or to GovGuam. DOD supports the efforts of GovGuam to regain DOD lands that are in excess of Federal needs, but we cannot return excess land unilaterally due to existing statutes. Our goal is to develop a Guam land use strategy that results both in continued adequate military presence and a favorable political, economic, social, environmental and cultural outcome for Guam. We are committed to working with GovGuam to achieve this goal. The Guam Long Range Plan was updated in Nov 1998. Under the GLRP, Navy will retain several parcels of land that had been under study for possible excessing; these include Drydock Island, Victor Wharf, bldgs 200 and 4175 (ex-COMNAVMAR HQ and HRO now DODEA schools). Guam's increasing strategic importance as a Pacific Ocean logistics hub drove the decision. / A-76 STUDY This ongoing competitive sourcing study examines 2300 positions to establish the number of military and Government Service positions that could be supported through civil sector contractors. When completed, the local GS labor force will have the opportunity to compete for positions with contract labor. Local workers are concerned that many heretofor secure Federal Government workers will be displaced.

WATER RESOURCES The Navy continues to operate Fena lake, the Island's only water reservoir which accounts for roughly 50% of the production of potable water for the island. The lake provides water for both the Military and civilian communities. Navy sells water to the Guam Water Authority and works ' with the Authority in water conservation efforts. The Government of Guam would like to control this resource, particularly the water treatment facility. A related issue concerns the Guam Water Authority's inability to maintain currency in their account with the Navy and is presently approximately 13 months and over $18 million behind in payments.

CONCLUSIONS

Guam is and will remain a key component of our military strategy in the Asia-Pacific region despite the current military drawdown. We understand the concerns of the people of Guam with regard to land use and political status issues. While our foremost concern must be the national interests of the United States as a whole, we are committed nevertheless to working with the Government and people of Guam to reach satisfactory resolution of these issues. .,uo4 THE INSULAR TERRITORIES

GUAM

Some 3,700 miles west of Hawaii, 19 hours of flying time to Washington, D.C., is Guam, the place where, as viewers of political conventions over the years have been informed, America's day begins. Guam lies just west of the International Date Line, and it is indeed the early hours of Tuesday there when the rest of us are just trying to get through Monday afternoon. Geographi- cally in the center of the Mariana Islands, Guam is legally separate: the Northern Marianas were administered by the U.S. as a trust territory until they became a commonwealth in 1978. Guam was ruled by a Navy captain from 1898 to 1950, except for years of Japanese occupation during World War II: in 1950 the Organic Act made Guamanians U.S. citizens and allowed them to elect a local government, but Congress still retained final power over the territory; it started electing a delegate to Congress in 1972. Guam is 30 miles long by five miles wide, with 150,000 people; in 1990. 47% were Chamorro, descendants of the original islanders, 25% Filipino. 18% other Asian and 10% Caucasian; almost everyone is Catholic. There are about 20.000 U.S. military personnel here and some 6,000 refugees, mostly Kurds from Iraq. In 1990 Guam passed a law banning almost all abortions, which was overturned by a federal court in April 1992, as clearly contrary to Roe v. Wade; in November 1992 the Supreme Court declined to review the case, thus dodging a direct challenge to that landmark decision. Economically, Guam depended for years on American military bases now its economy is diversifying, with tourism from Japan, although Guamanians cautioned against a Base Closing Commission decision to phase out Agana Naval Air Station. hermi issuk ,'In a 1982 plebiscite, Guamanians voted for commonwealth d ine s a Commission on Self-Determination drafted a bill proposing a commonwealth with two major provisions. One is immigration control. Chamorros say they want to block others from coming in and becoming citizens and making them a minority. But others suspect they want to allow foreigners in as guestworkers, like those in the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, where they have been exploited and abused, as Henry Hurt reported in the June 1997 Reader's Digest; Guamanians replied that U.S. labor laws would apply, but the Guam commonwealth act would transfer enforcement of those provisions from the federal to the Guamanian government. The other provisio , . which would bar Congress from changing laws and treaties that affect Guam without Guam's consent. Guamanians remembered that its just- created watch and garment industries were destroyed by congressional action in the 1970s and 1980s. The bill was endorsed by Republican Governor Joseph Ada and introduced in Congress by Guam's Delegate Robert Underwood, a Democrat first elected in 1992. The Bush Adminisz tration had rejected this as inconsistent with the Constitutional provision giving Congress full powers over territories. The Clinton Interior Department, perhaps sympathetic to native claims and perhaps alert to implied threats to U.S. military bases in Guam which have become our major forward staging point in the western Pacific with the shutdown of Clark Air Force Base and the Subic Bay Navy base in the Philippines, appointed former University of California Chancellor Michael Heyman as its negotiator. In October 1994 Heyman and Ada agreed on "mutual consent." and prepared a bill that, as Underwood pointed out, would establish a relation similar to that of New Zealand and the Coolk Islands. But the election of the Republican Congress abruptly changed its prospects. The new House Territories Subcommittee chairman, Elton Gallegly of California, announced in January 1995 that he would block any mutual consent bill that seeks to bind future Congresses; in February 1995. Heyman, newly appointed head of the Smithsonian Institution, resigned his negotiating post. . It did not soothe feelings when in November 1994 Clinton top advisers Anthony Lake and Robert Rubin laughed out loud (they later apologized) when they heard a suggestion that Guam take part in the APEC summit. But when seeking reelection funds, Clintonites were much more} sympathetic. In August Democratic national chairman Donald Fowler wrote to Guam Govern.q1' (

THE INSULAR TERRITORIES 1565

Carl Gutierrez requesting $250,000 in donations. Fifteen days later Hillary Rodham Clinton stopped in Guam on her way to the UN women's conference in Beijing and attended a buffet hosted by Gutierrez. Three weeks later Guamanians arrived in Washington with more than $250,000 in contributions for Clinton and other Democrats; within six months Guamanians had given the Clinton-Gore campaign and the Democratic National Committee S892,000-the largest amount per capita anywhere under the U.S. flag. In December 1996, Deputy Interior Secretary John Garamendi, in charge of Guam policy, circulated a report supporting key provisions of the*Guam commonwealth bill, including giving Guam a right to take over lands relinquished by the military. Whether congressional Republicans--or Democrats-will move in the same direction is unclear. The governor of Guam is Carl Gutierrez, a Democrat elected in 1994. He went to high school in California, served in the Air Force, then set up the first data processing center in Guam and started a construction business; he was elected to the Guam Senate for all but four years starting in 1972. He campaigned for commonwealth status, for return of federal lands to Guam and for exemption from the Jones Act requirement that goods from the U.S. be shipped in U.S.- registered ships; only two lines serve Guam, and Gutierrez wants foreign competition. After the election he attacked, Republican-style, the high-handedness of federal bureaucrats: "Guam has to survive with minor federal luminaries who operate with no apparent adult supervision," he said, and complained that the Fish and Wildlife Service seized 20% of Guam's land for a wildlife refuge. And when California Republican Dana Rohrabacher called Guam and other territories economic basket cases" that are "backward and economically depressed," Gutierrez attacked "this ignorance and lack of sensitivity which run counter to our country's democratic traditions and which ensures the continuation of our status as second-class citizens in the American family." Delegate Robert Underwood was also educated in California. He started teaching at the tnivorsit of -n197.-n-a ow-. sefrspooi vt-h~ 2 i By 1990 he had become the university's academic vice president, and he ran against Republican Delegate Ben Blaz, a former Marine general. Personal connections are often more important than party in Guam, and Underwood explained his victory thus: "I have a lot of relatives. His grandfather and my great-grandfather are first cousins. So I cut into his action when I ran-more of the relatives are closer to me." He was reelected in 1994 and 1996 without opposition; evidently no one has more relatives. In January 1994 he pushed through the House a bill transferring 3,200 acres from federal to GovGuam control; he called for a land summit, not the Interior Department, to parcel out the territory. He has made some progress in getting reparations for Guamanians harmed by Japanese during their occupation in World War II. In 1995 Underwood bucked efforts to lower his seniority on the National Security and Resources Committees, and questioned whether Republicans who wanted to devolve power to the states wanted to devolve it to territories as well. He cheered with Republicans when the head of Interior's OTIA, unpopular in Guam, announced her agency would be terminated by September 1995. He seeks help in eradicating the brown tree snake, which has ravaged indigenous species and has no predators; he wants the Endangered Species Act amended to allow Guamanians to bring in predators, and he criticized a $1.6 million appropriation in 1996 for eradication programs because he said the designated funds, which come from the Depart- ment of Interior's Office of Insular Affairs, will mean less money available for other territorial programs. "The way it's been handled, it sounds like we need St. Patrick more than $1.6 million." Underwood has also shown a keen sense of humor; to Toby Roth's bill declaring English our official language, Underwood responded with a "ketchup-only" proposal to name ketchup the national condiment. But he can also show indignation: he denounced France for nuclear tests in the Pacific, boycotting Jacques Chirac's speech in the Capitol in 1996.