The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom
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A New Politics of the Commons
Published in Renewal magazine, December 17, 2007. Renewal is a Labour-oriented political journal dedicated to social democracy” published in London. A New Politics of the Commons By David Bollier One of the most stubborn problems in confronting the pathologies of the neoliberal political order is the limitations of our language. We do not have an adequate public vocabulary to describe the plunder of globalized markets. We have trouble highlighting the social inequities that are built into conventional economics and political discourse. We do not have a grand narrative with compelling sub-plots to set forth an alternative vision, one that can both stir the blood and show intellectual sophistication. That’s the bad news. The good news is that there is a brave, decentralized movement on the march that is addressing these problems with ingenuity and patience. The focus of this movement is the commons. The commons is still an embryonic vision. It will require time to evolve. But it is a vision with great potential, perhaps because it is not being advanced by an intellectual elite or a political party, but by a hardy band of resourceful irregulars on the periphery of conventional politics. (That’s always where the most interesting new things originate.) These commoners are now starting to find each other, a convergence that augurs great things. To be a bit more concrete: This proto-commons movement consists of environmentalists trying to protect wilderness areas and win fair compensation for the corporate use of public lands. It includes local communities trying to prevent multinational water companies from privatizing public water works and converting groundwater into over- priced, branded bottles of water. -
Michael J. Allen North Carolina State University Department of History Box 8108 Raleigh, NC 27695-8108 919.767.1172 [email protected]
Michael J. Allen North Carolina State University Department of History Box 8108 Raleigh, NC 27695-8108 919.767.1172 [email protected] 1. EMPLOYMENT_________________________________________________ NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY, Raleigh, NC (2003-present) Assistant Professor of U.S. history 2. EDUCATION ______________________________________________ NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY, Evanston, IL (1997-2003) Degrees: Ph.D., December 2003; M.A., December 1998 Dissertation: “The War’s Not Over Until the Last Man Comes Home”: Body Recovery And The Vietnam War Dissertation Committee: Michael Sherry (chair), Nancy MacLean, Laura Hein Major Field: U.S. History Minor Field: U.S.-East Asian Relations in the Cold War Master’s Thesis: “Seeketh That Which is Gone Astray”: Finding the Meaning of Prisoner of War Defection Following the Korean War THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, Chicago, IL (1992-96) Degree: A.B. with honors, June 1996 Concentration: History Honors Thesis: From Normal to Neurotic: Psychoneurotic World War II Veterans and the Roots of Postwar Anxiety Thesis Adviser: George Chauncey 3. HONORS, FELLOWSHIPS AND AWARDS__________________________ PROFESSIONAL CHASS Scholarly Project Award, North Carolina State University (2006) Pride of the Wolfpack Award, North Carolina State University (2004) CHASS Summer Research Grant, North Carolina State University (2004) GRADUATE Dissertation Year Fellowship, Northwestern University (2002-03) Kaplan Center for the Humanities Graduate Teaching Fellow, Northwestern University (2001-02) The Dirksen Congressional Center Research Award (2001) Gerald R. Ford Foundation Research Grant (2000) Graduate Research Grant, Northwestern University (2000) University Fellow, Northwestern University (1997-98) UNDERGRADUATE General Honors in The College, The University of Chicago (1996) Honors in the History Concentration, The University of Chicago (1996) Dean’s List, The University of Chicago (1993-96) Ph.D. -
Copyrighted Material
1 The Duality of Peer Production Infrastructure for the Digital Commons, Free Labor for Free‐Riding Firms Mathieu O’Neil, Sophie Toupin, and Christian Pentzold 1 Introduction There never was a “tragedy of the commons”: Garrett Hardin’s overgrazing farmers were victims of a tragedy of self‐management, as they failed to collectively regulate, as equals, their common pasture. When Elinor Ostrom was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2009, the immemorial notion that there are only two types of goods in the world – private and public, coordinated by markets or the state – was finally put to rest. In the most general terms, peer producers are people who create and manage common‐pool resources together. It sometimes seems as if “peer production” and “digital commons” can be used interchangeably. Digital commons are non‐rivalrous (they can be reproduced at little or no cost) and non‐excludable (no‐one can prevent others from using them, through prop- erty rights for example). So, practically speaking, proprietary objects could be produced by equal “peers,” however we argue that peer production has a normative dimension, so that what chiefly char- acterizes this mode of production is that “the output is orientated towards the further expansion of the commons; while the commons, recursively, is the chief resource in this mode of production” (Söderberg & O’Neil, 2014, p. 2). Though there are many historical antecedents, the term “peer pro- duction,” as an object of public and scientific interest, is historically situated in the early 2000s.1 The meanings associated with a term that is deeply connected to the Internet as it was 20 years ago are bound to change. -
The Politics of Indian Property Rights
Property rights, selective enforcement, and the destruction of wealth on Indian lands Ilia Murtazashvili* University of Pittsburgh Abstract This paper reconceptualizes the nature of property institutions in the United States. Conventional economic analysis suggests that the U.S. established private property rights protection as a public good by the end of the nineteenth century. The experience of Indians suggests otherwise. During the mid-nineteenth century, the economic fortunes of settlers on public lands owned by the United States government and Indians diverged. Settlers secured legal property rights and self-governance, while members of Indian nations were forced into an inequitable property system in which the federal government established an institutionalized system to discriminate against reservation Indians. The property system is most appropriately described as a selective enforcement regime in which some groups enjoy credible and effective property rights at the expense of others who confront a predatory state and institutionalized property insecurity. The persistence of the selective enforcement regime explains the persistence of poverty among reservation Indians. * Email: [email protected]. Paper prepared for the Searle Workshop on “Indigenous Capital, Growth, and Property Rights: The Legacy of Colonialism,” Hoover Institution, Stanford University. Many thanks to Terry Anderson and Nick Parker for organizing the workshop. 1 2 Introduction The United States is often used as an example to illustrate the beneficial consequences of private property rights for economic growth and development. Sokoloff and Engerman (2000) use differences in land policy to explain the reversal of economic fortunes of the U.S. and Spanish America, which started with a similar per capita GDP around 1800 but diverged substantially by the twentieth century. -
Leaving Reality Behind Etoy Vs Etoys Com Other Battles to Control Cyberspace By: Adam Wishart Regula Bochsler ISBN: 0066210763 See Detail of This Book on Amazon.Com
Leaving Reality Behind etoy vs eToys com other battles to control cyberspace By: Adam Wishart Regula Bochsler ISBN: 0066210763 See detail of this book on Amazon.com Book served by AMAZON NOIR (www.amazon-noir.com) project by: PAOLO CIRIO paolocirio.net UBERMORGEN.COM ubermorgen.com ALESSANDRO LUDOVICO neural.it Page 1 discovering a new toy "The new artist protests, he no longer paints." -Dadaist artist Tristan Tzara, Zh, 1916 On the balmy evening of June 1, 1990, fleets of expensive cars pulled up outside the Zurich Opera House. Stepping out and passing through the pillared porticoes was a Who's Who of Swiss society-the head of state, national sports icons, former ministers and army generals-all of whom had come to celebrate the sixty-fifth birthday of Werner Spross, the owner of a huge horticultural business empire. As one of Zurich's wealthiest and best-connected men, it was perhaps fitting that 650 of his "close friends" had been invited to attend the event, a lavish banquet followed by a performance of Romeo and Juliet. Defiantly greeting the guests were 200 demonstrators standing in the square in front of the opera house. Mostly young, wearing scruffy clothes and sporting punky haircuts, they whistled and booed, angry that the opera house had been sold out, allowing itself for the first time to be taken over by a rich patron. They were also chanting slogans about the inequity of Swiss society and the wealth of Spross's guests. The glittering horde did its very best to ignore the disturbance. The protest had the added significance of being held on the tenth anniversary of the first spark of the city's most explosive youth revolt of recent years, The Movement. -
The Task Force Report
THE MARKLE FOUNDATION TASK FORCE ON NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE INFORMATION AGE Chairmen John Gage Participating Experts Sun Microsystems, Inc. (Non-government) Zoë Baird Markle Foundation Slade Gorton Bruce Berkowitz Preston Gates & Ellis RAND Corporation James L. Barksdale The Barksdale Group Morton H. Halperin Robert Clerman Open Society Institute Mitretek Executive Director Margaret A. Hamburg Mary DeRosa Philip Zelikow Nuclear Threat Initiative Center for Strategic and International Miller Center of Public Affairs Studies University of Virginia John J. Hamre Center for Strategic and International Lauren Hall Members Studies Microsoft Alexander Aleinikoff Eric Holder James Lewis Georgetown University Law Center Covington & Burling Center for Strategic and International Studies Robert D. Atkinson Arnold Kanter Progressive Policy Institute The Scowcroft Group Gilman Louie In-Q-Tel Stewart A. Baker Robert Kimmitt Steptoe & Johnson AOL Time Warner, Inc. Douglas McDonald Abt Associates Eric Benhamou Michael O. Leavitt 3Com Corp. and Palm, Inc. Governor of Utah Daniel Ortiz University of Virginia Jerry Berman Tara Lemmey School of Law Center for Democracy and Project LENS Technology Michael Vatis Judith A. Miller Institute for Security and Technology Robert M. Bryant Williams & Connolly Studies National Insurance Crime Bureau Dartmouth College James H. Morris Ashton Carter Carnegie Mellon University Task Force Staff Harvard University Craig Mundie Mary McKinley Wesley Clark Microsoft Associate Director Stephens Group, Inc. Jeffrey H. Smith Ryan Coonerty Wayne Clough Arnold & Porter Government Affairs Counsel Georgia Institute of Technology Abraham D. Sofaer Peter Kerr William P. Crowell Hoover Institution Markle Foundation Cylink Corporation Stanford University Laura Rozen Sidney D. Drell James B. Steinberg Senior Associate Stanford University The Brookings Institution Tara Sonenshine Esther Dyson Paul Schott Stevens Advisor EDventure Holdings Dechert Stefaan Verhulst Amitai Etzioni Rick White Markle Foundation The George Washington University TechNet David J. -
Chapter 4 Freedom and Progress
Chapter 4 Freedom and Progress The best road to progress is freedom’s road. John F. Kennedy The only freedom which deserves the name, is that of pursuing our own good in our own way, so long as we do not attempt to deprive others of theirs, or impeded their efforts to obtain it. John Stuart Mill To cull the inestimable benefits assured by freedom of the press, it is necessary to put up with the inevitable evils springing therefrom. Alexis de Tocqueville Freedom is necessary to generate progress; people also value freedom as an important component of progress. This chapter will contend that both propositions are correct. Without liberty, there will be little or no progress; most people will consider an expansion in freedom as progress. Neither proposition would win universal acceptance. Some would argue that a totalitarian state can marshal the resources to generate economic growth. Many will contend that too much liberty induces libertine behavior and is destructive of society, peace, and the family. For better or worse, the record shows that freedom has increased throughout the world over the last few centuries and especially over the last few decades. There are of course many examples of non-free, totalitarian, ruthless government on the globe, but their number has decreased and now represents a smaller proportion of the world’s population. Perhaps this growth of freedom is partially responsible for the breakdown of the family and the rise in crime, described in the previous chapter. Dictators do tolerate less crime and are often very repressive of deviant sexual behavior, but, as the previous chapter reported, divorce and illegitimacy are more connected with improved income of women than with a permissive society. -
Book Review – Yochai Benkler, the Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom
CLPE Research Paper 6/2007 Vol. 03 No. 02 (2007) James Brink Book Review – Yochai Benkler, The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom Keywords: networked economy, internet regulation, peer production JEL Classification: K10, K29, K42 Osgoode Hall Law School, York University 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3 Email: [email protected] Published in (2006) 7 German Law Journal 853, online: http://www.germanlawjournal.com/article.php?id=765. 967505 CLPE Research Paper 6/2007 Vol. 03 No. 02 (2007) James Brink BOOK REVIEW – YOCHAI BENKLER, THE WEALTH OF NETWORKS: HOW SOCIAL PRODUCTION TRANSFORMS MARKETS AND FREEDOM Benkler argues that the West is engaged in an escalating culture war between the industrial information economy—a one-way, capital- intensive, and professionally-produced model that has held sway for 150 years—and the networked information economy (NIE)—a many- to-many, low-capital, and cooperative model that has been emerging in the last 15 years. The NIE is built on the infrastructure of the internet and is characterized by characterized by (1) non-proprietary strategies, (2) rising non-market production, and (3) more effective, large-scale cooperative efforts; in other words, “peer production of information, knowledge, and culture.” These aspects challenge our economies and our polities, and hold significant promise for enhancing personal autonomy; however, Benkler, in writing what amounts to a manifesto for the internet, pays little attention to the way in which the NIE is vulnerable to technical capture in the same way the industrial information economy is vulnerable to capital capture, taking a “wait-and-see” approach to regulatory intervention. -
Wikimania 2006 Invited Speaker Biographies
Wikimania 2006 Invited Speaker has been a forceful advocate for open science and open access scientific publishing - the free release of the Biographies material and intellectual product of the scientific research. He is co-Founder of Public Library of Science Yochai Benkler is Professor of Law at Yale Law (PLoS). He serves on the PLoS board, and is an advisor School. His research focuses on commons-based to Science Commons. approaches to managing resources in networked environments. His publications include “The Wealth of Rishab Aiyer Ghosh first developed and sold free Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets” and software in 1994. He switched from writing in C and “Freedom and Coase’s Penguin, or Linux and the Nature of the assembly to English, and has been writing about the Firm”. economics of free software and collaborative production since 1994. He is the Founding Karen Christensen is the CEO of Berkshire International and Managing Editor of First Monday, the Publishing group, a reference work publisher known for most widely read peer-reviewed on-line journal of the specialty encyclopedias. Her primary responsibility is Internet, and Senior Researcher at the Maastricht bringing together global teams and building Economic Research Institute on Innovation and relationships with experts and organizations around the Technology (MERIT) at the University of Maastricht world. Karen has also served as an encyclopedia editor; and United Nations University, the Netherlands. In as coeditor on the “Berkshire Encyclopedia of World Sport” 2000 he coordinated the European Union -funded (June 2005) and “Global Perspectives on the United States” FLOSS project, the most comprehensive early study of (three volumes, forthcoming), and as senior editor of free/libre/open source users and developers. -
Linuxvilág 4.Évf. 10. Sz. (2003 Október)
Kovácsmûhely A Bricolage A Salon és más népszerû webhelyek mögött meghúzódó tartalomkezelõ rendszer egyszerûen használható saját webhelyünk írói és szerkesztõi számára is. z elmúlt néhány hónapban bemutattunk egy pár hajtódik végre minden alkalommal. Ez a megoldás azt ered- Zope alapú tartalomkezelõ rendszert. Természetesen ményezi, hogy a Bricolage mûködése gyors lesz. nem a Zope az egyetlen versenyzõ a nyílt forrású Mint már említettem, a mod_perl csak az Apache webkiszol- Atartalomkezelõ rendszerek mezõnyében. Az egyik egyre jelen- gálóval mûködik. Bár folyamatosan dolgoznak a mod_perl átvi- tõsebbé váló csomag a Bricolage, amelyet David Wheeler írt és telén az Apache 2.x számára, a cikk írásának idején (2003 júniu- tart karban, és amely a mod_perl csomagon és a PostgreSQL sa) még csak az Apache 1.x változatával mûködik együtt. Mivel adatbázis-kezelõn alapul. az Apache 1.x több különálló folyamatot futtat, ahelyett hogy © Kiskapu Kft. Minden jog fenntartva A Bricolage program használatához nem szükséges számítás- egy folyamaton belül több szálat indítana, nincs lehetõség arra, technikai ismeret. Igaz, hogy a program módosítása, illetve hogy igazi adatbázisgyûjtõt hozzunk létre a különféle gyermek karbantartása nagy szakértelmet kíván, de az Apache webki- HTTP-kiszolgálók számára. A létrehozott adatbázis-kapcsolat szolgálóval vagy a Perl nyelvvel dolgozó emberek általában viszont életben tartható az Apache és a PostgreSQL között az programozók vagy rendszergazdák, míg a Bricolage felhasz- Apache::DBI modul használatával. A Bricolage pontosan ezt nálói a webhely írói, szerkesztõi és készítõi. teszi, így az adatbázis-kapcsolatot nem kell minden alkalommal A Bricolage a való világban is bizonyított. Az Apache és a Perl újra létrehozni, amikor egy felhasználó lekér valamit. évekig küzdött azért, hogy bekerüljön a fõáramba. -
Mill's "Very Simple Principle": Liberty, Utilitarianism And
MILL'S "VERY SIMPLE PRINCIPLE": LIBERTY, UTILITARIANISM AND SOCIALISM MICHAEL GRENFELL submitted for degree of Ph.D. London School of Economics and Political Science UMI Number: U048607 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U048607 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 I H^S £ S F 6SI6 ABSTRACT OF THESIS MILL'S "VERY SIMPLE PRINCIPLE'*: LIBERTY. UTILITARIANISM AND SOCIALISM 1 The thesis aims to examine the political consequences of applying J.S. Mill's "very simple principle" of liberty in practice: whether the result would be free-market liberalism or socialism, and to what extent a society governed in accordance with the principle would be free. 2 Contrary to Mill's claims for the principle, it fails to provide a clear or coherent answer to this "practical question". This is largely because of three essential ambiguities in Mill's formulation of the principle, examined in turn in the three chapters of the thesis. 3 First, Mill is ambivalent about whether liberty is to be promoted for its intrinsic value, or because it is instrumental to the achievement of other objectives, principally the utilitarian objective of "general welfare". -
SADKN Portal Guidelines Report, SAARC Disaster Management Centre
SADKN Portal Guidelines Report SADKN Portal Guidelines Report, SAARC Disaster Management Centre Page 1 of 124 SADKN Portal Guidelines Report Table of Contents Executive Summary ..................................................................................3 Project Background ..................................................................................6 Vision, Objectives and Outcomes ..................................................................8 Disaster Management Phases and Outcomes .................................................. 17 Information Flow: Information creation, capture, dissemination and availability ........... 27 Handholding guidelines for SADKN portal development and establishment ................ 32 SADKN Portal: Operational Guidelines .......................................................... 40 SADKN Portal: Technical Guidelines ............................................................ 64 An Approach to Development: Open Source and Proprietary Solutions ..................... 76 Key Recommendations ............................................................................ 79 Annexure I - Brief On Gateway Specifications .................................................. 84 Annexure II – A brief on GIS interface ............................................................ 86 Annexure III – A brief write-up about CMS ....................................................... 91 Annexure IV - SADKN Portal: Search Methodology ............................................ 94 Annexure V - List of features