TheThe experiencesexperiences ofof thethe BioregioBioregio CarpathiansCarpathians projectproject -- focusingfocusing onon thethe invasiveinvasive speciesspecies listing;listing; thethe casecase studystudy ofof thethe goldengolden jackaljackal (Canis(Canis aureus)aureus)

Dr. Miklós HELTAI Szent István University Institute for Wildlife Conservation What about Bioregio Carpathians?

• 16 international, national, and local authorities, organizations and scientific institutions have joined forces to contribute to the protection and development of the Carpathian mountain region, situated in the heart of Europe. • They are convinced that protection and regional development in the Carpathians can go hand in hand if natural assets are managed in an integrated way and relevant stakeholders are involved. • BioREGIO Carpathians builds on the existing framework of the Carpathian Convention • It is an EU project which is co-funded by the ERDF within the South East Europe Transnational Cooperation Programme.

The project activities

• Monitoring and protection of Carpathian Naturas Assets – Carpathian wide information system on biological and landscape diversity – Red Lists of Habitats and Species – List of Invasive Alien Species – Ecological connectivity and continuity • Integrated Managemenet and Regional development of Carpahian Natural Assets – Identification of regional development opportunities – Financial mechanisms and innovative economic tools for Protected Areas – Common integrated management measures • Pilot projects • Stakholder and intergovermental meetings Methods of Listing Invasive Alien Species

• Countries in the Carpathian region have already published or are developing overviews of alien flora and fauna with focus on invasive alien species • however, available data differ from country to country • We have worked based on available data and there was no ambition to provide complete list of alien species in the Carpathians with the information on their status. • Challenging task was to prepare the list of invasive alien species already causing problems in this region. Data sources

• Existing flora and fauna databases • published catalogues or lists of alien species/invasive alien species, • papers on some systematic groups • in some cases used unpublished data of experts involved. • Collected data were fed into the project on-line form supported by maps. Species classified

• casual alien species (cas) • Naturalized alien species (nat) • invasive alien species (inv) • not found (notfd) • not known (notkn) • native (ntv) /one of the project countries but alien to the others/ Decision criteria

• Species identified as invasive in one of the Carpathian countries were assessed as candidates for the Carpathian List only. • The expert team evaluated candidate species using following criterias: – number of countries/orographical units and area occupied by the species, – impacts on biodiversity (human health/ economy - optional), – in some cases invasive potential of the species was taken into account. – Experience and knowledge of experts involved played very important role in the evaluation process, too. Results

• The list comprises 77 species – 37 plant • 32 herbs • 5 woody plants – 40 animal species • 14 arthropods • 11 molluscs • 10 fishes Results Results Results Results What is it? A "Sacred" animal, or a "feared" predator, or ...?

Photo: József Lanszki TheThe occurrencesoccurrences ofof thethe goldengolden jackaljackal betweenbetween 18001800 andand 19201920 - golden jackal  - probably jackal  - questionable

Debrő (1882)

Béllye (1891)

Tamás TÓTH, László KRECSÁK, Eleonóra SZŰCS, Miklós HELTAI and György HUSZÁR 2009. Records of the golden jackal (Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758) in from 1800th until 2007, based on a literature survey. North-Western Journal of Zoology 5(2): 357-363. TheThe occurrencesoccurrences ofof thethe goldengolden jackaljackal betweenbetween 19201920 andand 19451945 - golden jackal  - probably jackal  - questionable

Tyukod (1937)

Derecse (1942)

Tamás TÓTH, László KRECSÁK, Eleonóra SZŰCS, Miklós HELTAI and György HUSZÁR 2009. Records of the golden jackal (Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758) in Hungary from 1800th until 2007, based on a literature survey. North-Western Journal of Zoology 5(2): 357-363. TheThe occurrencesoccurrences ofof thethe goldengolden jackaljackal betweenbetween 19451945 andand 19951995 - golden jackal  - probably jackal  - questionable

Tamás TÓTH, László KRECSÁK, Eleonóra SZŰCS, Miklós HELTAI and György HUSZÁR 2009. Records of the golden jackal (Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758) in Hungary from 1800th until 2007, based on a literature survey. North-Western Journal of Zoology 5(2): 357-363. THE OCCURRENCE OF THE GOLDEN JACKAL IN HUNGARY BETWEEN 1997 AND 2001 ON THE BASIS OF MAIL QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEYS (N=4) THE OCCURRENCE OF THE GOLDEN JACKAL IN HUNGARY BETWEEN 2002 AND 2006 ON THE BASIS OF MAIL QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEYS (N=5) The changing of the hunting bag in Hungary (source: Csányi S. unpublished) The changing of the hunting bag in Hungary (source: Csányi S. unpublished) The changing of the hunting bag in Hungary (source: Csányi S. unpublished) The changing of the hunting bag in Hungary (source: Csányi S. unpublished) Estimated population size (source: Hungarian Game Management Database) Hunting bag data (source: Hungarian Game Management Database) InIn thethe meantimemeantime inin SerbiaSerbia

Seventies nineties nowadays TheThe currentcurrent distributiondistribution ofof thethe goldengolden jackaljackal andand thethe possiblepossible directionsdirections ofof furtherfurther spreadingspreading

Fotó: Lanszki József

Janosch Arnold, Anna Humer, Miklós Heltai, Dumitru Murariu, Nikolai Spassov, Klaus Hackländer 2010. Current status and distribution of golden jackals (Canis aureus L., 1758) in Europe. Mammal Review 42: (1) pp. 1-11. (2012). Increasing occurrence area

Trouwborst et al., 2015 Natural spreading

Robert Rutkowski, Miha Krofel, Giorgos Giannatos, Duško Ćirović, Peep Männil, Anatoliy M Volokh, József Lanszki, Miklós Heltai, László Szabó, Ovidiu C Banea, Eduard Yavruyan, Vahram Hayrapetyan, Natia Kopaliani, Anastasia Miliou, George A Tryfonopoulos, Petros Lymberakis, Aleksandra Penezić, Giedrė Pakeltytė, Ewa Suchecka, Wiesław Bogdanowicz. 2015. A European Concern? Genetic Structure and Expansion of Golden Jackals (Canis aureus) in Europe and the Caucasus PLOS ONE &:(November 5) 2016: new occurrences in Netherland, Switzerland and the Baltic states (fsource: Golden Jackal informal study group in Europe, http://goldenjackalaround.blogspot.hu/2016/03/jackals-in-netherlands-crispus-ngo.html Rivers' vallies as green corridors for jackals

Photo: Lanszki József

Szabó, L., Heltai, M. és Lanszki, J. 2006. River Tiscia as a green corridor in the spread of golden jackal in HungaryVadbiológia, 12: 47-54. Proof specimens in Hungary (2000-2009)

New breeding pairs

Source population Green corridor

L., Szabó, M. Heltai, and J. Lanszki 2008. Factors that influence the Golden jackal’s (Canis aureus L. 1758) spreading in Hungary. 92nd Annual Meeting of the German Society of Mammalogy. Mammalian Biology. Special Issue Vol. 73: 41 p. Heltai, M. és Szabó, L. 2007. The true story of Kelemen. A suprising data of the golden jackal s space use. A Vadászkutya 1(4): 62-63. BreakingBreaking awayaway fromfrom family:family: anan exampleexample ofof aa youngyoung femalefemale goldengolden jackaljackal (January(January 2014)2014) Balatonberény Somogytúr min. 230 km! Vörs 12 days m k

1 (2x: 30 km/day) 6 101 locations

Nemesvid

Nagybajom

Szenta Lábod Kőkút Adult pregnant female, hunted in February 2012 This specimen weighed in at 24,8 kg

Sillero-Zubiri et al., 2004 Description Average (kg) Min - Max Weight male 8.8 7.6-9.8 Weight female 7.3 6.5-7.8 Heltai (ed) 2010 Weight male 11.7 8,7-13,8 Weight female 10.2 9,0-12,0 Potentional hybrid

Skull measurements Description Measured data Data from literature (Hell (mm) and Bleho 1989) (mm) Greatest length of skull 176 from 129.3 to 144.5 - 155,1 Zygomatic width of skull 95 69,5 - 75.7 to 82.7 Length-width index 1.88 1.91 Mitochondrial DNA analysis Cytb, KJ789955, C. lupus 434 bp (n=12) 423 bp - lenght of PCR familiaris product Cytb, AF028138, Canis aureus 332 bp (n=10) 385 bp - lenght of PCR product Sample from hybrid 434 bp (n=1) - Native? Alien? Invasive? Or?

Native! Alien! Invasive! Or??