2003 Eligible Services List
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												  Multimedia, Internet, On-LineSection IV: Multimedia, the Internet, and On-Line Services High-End Digital Video Applications Larry Amiot Electronic and Computing Technologies Division Argonne National Laboratory The emphasis of this paper is on the high-end applications Internet and Intranet that are driving digital video. The research with which I am involved at Argonne National Laboratory is not done on dig- The packet video networks which currently support many ital video per se, but rather on how the research applications applications such as file transfer, Mbone video (talking at the laboratory drive its requirements for digital video. The heads), and World Wide Web browsing are limiting for high- paper will define what digital video is, what some of its com- quality video because of the low throughput one can achieve ponents are, and then discuss a few applications that are dri- via the Internet or intranets. Examples of national packet ving the development of these components. The focus will be switched networks developed in the last several years include on what digital video means to individuals in the research the National Science Foundation Network (NSFNet). The and education community. Department of Energy had its own network called ESNET, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration The Digital Video Environment (NASA) had a network as well. Recently, the NSFNet was de- commissioned, and commercial interests are now starting to In 1996, a group of people from several universities in the fill that void. Research and education communities are find- Midwest and from Argonne formed a Video Working Group. ing, however, that this new commercial Internet is too re- This body tried to define the areas of digital video of impor- stricting and does not meet their throughput requirements; it tance to their institutions.
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												  Iot Systems OverviewIoT systems overview CoE Training on Traffic engineering and advanced wireless network planning Sami TABBANE 30 September -03 October 2019 Bangkok, Thailand 1 Objectives •Present the different IoT systems and their classifications 2 Summary I. Introduction II. IoT Technologies A. Fixed & Short Range B. Long Range technologies 1. Non 3GPP Standards (LPWAN) 2. 3GPP Standards IoT Specificities versus Cellular IoT communications are or should be: Low cost , Low power , Long battery duration , High number of connections , Low bitrate , Long range , Low processing capacity , Low storage capacity , Small size devices , Relaxed latency , Simple network architecture and protocols . IoT Main Characteristics Low power , Low cost (network and end devices), Short range (first type of technologies) or Long range (second type of technologies), Low bit rate (≠ broadband!), Long battery duration (years), Located in any area (deep indoor, desert, urban areas, moving vehicles …) Low cost 3GPP Rel.8 Cost 75% 3GPP Rel.8 CAT-4 20% 3GPP Rel.13 CAT-1 10% 3GPP Rel.13 CAT-M1 NB IoT Complexity Extended coverage +20dB +15 dB GPRS CAT-M1 NB-IoT IoT Specificities IoT Specificities and Impacts on Network planning and design Characteristics Impact • High sensitivity (Gateways and end-devices with a typical sensitivity around -150 dBm/-125 dBm with Bluetooth/-95 dBm in 2G/3G/4G) Low power and • Low frequencies strong signal penetration Wide Range • Narrow band carriers far greater range of reception • +14 dBm (ETSI in Europe) with the exception of the G3 band with +27 dBm, +30 dBm but for most devices +20 dBm is sufficient (USA) • Low gateways cost Low deployment • Wide range Extended coverage + strong signal penetration and Operational (deep indoor, Rural) Costs • Low numbers of gateways Link budget: UL: 155 dB (or better), DL: Link budget: 153 dB (or better) • Low Power Long Battery life • Idle mode most of the time.
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												  DOCUMENT RESUME ED 327 163 AUTHOR Mason, Robin TITLE TheDOCUMENT RESUME ED 327 163 IR 014 788 AUTHOR Mason, Robin TITLE The Use of Computer Networks for Education and Training. Report to the Trainii Agency. INSTITUTION Open Univ., Walton, Bletchley, Bucks (England). Inst. of Educational Technology. PUB DATE 89 NOTE 206p. PUB TYPE Reports Research/Technical (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC09 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Community Education; *Computer Networks; Distance Education; Elementary Secondary Education; Foreign Ccuntries; Job Training; Military Training; Open Universities; Postsecondary Education; *Teleconferencing; Vocational Education IDENTIFIERS Europe (West); United States ABSTRACT The objective of this study has been to prepare a report which identifies the major issues concerning the use of computer networks, and particularly computer conferencing, in eaucation and training. The report is divided into four sections: (1) a discussion of the major themes and issues as they apply in education, training, and community networking, including reasons for using teleconferencing, provision of hardware and software, costs and funding, organizational impact, introducing networking, and obstacles to use;(2) case studies that describe the issues in contexts such as vocational education and training in Denmark, training for the United States Armed Forces, networking in primary and secondary schools, networking in the corporate sector and the community, teachers and computer networking, technology based training, and computer confelencing in university education;(3) a complete listing of all European applications including projectc in the United Kingdom, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, and Spain with references for obtaining further details; and (4) appendices consisting of a glossary of technical terms, an overview of technological choices for learning networks, a report on computer networking in France, descriptions of nine currently used computer conferencing systems, and a 29-item bibliography.
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												  On Telecommunications1 OFFICIAL GAZETTE OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA, No. 76, ZAGREB, JULY 19, 1999 THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE CROATIAN NATIONAL PARLIAMENT 1359 Pursuant to Article 89 of the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia, I pass the D E C I S I O N ON THE PROMULGATION OF THE LAW ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS I promulgate the Law on Telecommunications which was passed by the House of Representatives of the Croatian National Parliament at its session held on June 30, 1999. Number: 01-081-99-1346/2 Zagreb, July 8, 1999 President of the Republic of Croatia Franjo Tudman, Ph.D., signed LAW ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS I GENERAL PROVISIONS Content and Purpose of the Law Article 1 This Law shall regulate telecommunications, radio, television and cable television, the relations between providers and users of telecommunications 2 services as well as the construction, maintenance and use of telecommunications facilities and equipment, and of radio stations. Exemptions Regarding the Application of the Law Article 2 (1) This Law shall not apply to telecommunications equipment installed and operated exclusively for the purposes of the army, police, diplomatic corps, financial police and customs, and the frequencies for the operation of such equipment shall be used pursuant to a contract (agreement) with the Croatian Institute of Telecommunications. (2) This Law shall not apply to telecommunications equipment (in particular radio systems and terminal equipment) installed and operated exclusively for the purposes of the Croatian Institute of Telecommunications. Terms Article 3 For the purposes of this Law the terms used herein shall have the following meanings: 1.
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												  NXU Roip Link to Eliminate Voice-Grade Leased LineApplication Note: AN-3001-3 NXU RoIP Link to Eliminate Voice-Grade Leased Line Purpose This Application Note will describe a method at which Network Extension Units (NXUs) can be utilized on an existing digital network to eliminate costly Voice-Grade Leased Lines. Introduction Voice-Grade Leased Lines are regularly used in public safety land-mobile radios systems as dedicated baseband communication links between two remote points. Leased-Lines are also known as: Tie Lines, Wireline, Dedicated Line, Private Line, and Bell 3002, to name a few. This symmetric telecommunications link, consisting of a 2-Wire or 4-Wire path, can tie a dispatch console to a basestation, for example, or provide connectivity between radios or drop repeaters separated by many miles. Unlike dialup voice-grade switched-circuit PSTN telephone lines, these leased lines provide 24-hour, full-period connectivity, and reliability by detouring traditional switch- circuits at the telephone central office (CO). The following example is a typical leased-line dedicated link between a dispatch console and a remote basestation. Leased-Line Link Leased Lines Dispatch Basestation Console Depending upon the service provider the end-user can expect a virtual point-to-point link that encompass microwave, copper, optical fiber, and even satellite links. In any case, whichever methods are used to facilitate this reliable connection, the link is transparent to the end-user. Bell 3002 is a common provision for voice-grade leased-lines in public safety communications systems. Some of the specifications are as follows: 2-Wire or 4-Wire 600 Ω Impedance Audio Profile: 300- to 3000-Hz Frequency Shift: ±5 Hz Control: Tone Only, no DC Control due to lack of hard wire Raytheon 5800 Departure Drive Raleigh, NC 27616 919.790.1011 © Raytheon Company.
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												  Mesh Wide Area Network 4300 SeriesMesh Wide Area Network 4300 Series Doubles the Flexibility of Municipal WiFi and Enterprise Networks The Mesh Wide Area Network (MWAN) 4300 solution is a powerful, next- generation, two radio meshed network. Part of Motorola’s leading-edge wireless broadband portfolio of products, it’s designed to give providers of high-speed public access and public safety networks the flexibility needed to meet performance, capacity and ROI goals. Meet Your Business Case by Increasing Your Capacity, Throughput and Profitability Motorola’s mesh networking technology enables users Compact Size. to wirelessly access broadband applications seamlessly - Weighing less than five pounds, the compact virtually any time and anywhere. Whether providing wireless MWAN 4300 system nodes deliver mounting access to a campus, municipality or residential neighborhood, location possibilities that other larger units can’t Motorola’s MWAN 4300 solution delivers real-time data to match. MWAN 4300 nodes can be installed in a employees, customers or constituents. Mesh networking wide range of locations, including light and utility technology significantly reduces the backhaul costs of wide poles, traffic signals, buildings and more. Slim, scale networks and leverages millions of WiFi enabled aesthetically pleasing designs and low profiles devices already deployed globally. The high performance also help gain community acceptance. MWAN 4300 solution is designed to meet strict cost per Support for Standards- square mile and ROI (return on investment) targets. Easy to Deploy. Based Voice and Video The lightweight and small form factor means Applications. Mesh Wide Area Networks MWAN 4300 networks are designed for the demanding mesh wide area nodes are easy to handle.
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												  FROM Cable Advisory Committee TO: Truro BOS and Town Administration January 2011 Municipal Area Network and Open Cape in TruroFROM Cable Advisory Committee TO: Truro BOS and Town Administration January 2011 Municipal Area Network and Open Cape in Truro: Background information, Definitions, Questions Introduction: This document was prepared by Mike Forgione of the Cable Committee to provide background to town officials and to begin to frame the issues as we prepare for Open Cape’s bringing additional high-speed Internet connections to Truro. Executive Summary During the past year we have heard about the technical terms of Municipal Area Network, I-nets, the Internet and World Wide Web. Along the way, we heard Comcast Broadband service and Open Cape. To make things worse, we heard about Dial-up Service, Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL), Cable Modem Internet, Satellite Internet, Broadband over Power Line, Wireless Networks and 3G/4G wireless. What are these things? Why and when do I need them? What do they do? Below is our attempt to address this very complex and technical topic. Our goal in this document is NOT to make a decision on what Truro needs. Our goals are: 1. To provide an understanding of Networks and the Internet. This understanding will assist us in our decision of a Municipal Area Network for Truro. 2. To begin the discussion of how we can effectively utilize Open Cape to lower the operation cost of Truro’s Information needs. Based on current plans, Open Cape will be fully deployed within the next 3 to 5 years. How will it change Truro? To help simplify these concepts, we will use the example of road system. The US road system, with its local roads, Intrastate highway and Interstate highway offer a good ―real-life‖ example of networks.
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												  Scan-MOCS-0001SCaN-MOCS-0001 SPACE COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGATION PROGRAM Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) Mission Operations and Communications Services (MOCS) Revision 2 Effective Date: March 15, 2019 Expiration Date: March 15, 2024 National Aeronautics and NASA Headquarters Space Administration Washington, D. C. CHECK THE SCaN NEXT GENERATION INTEGRATED NETWORK (NGIN) AT: https://scanngin.gsfc.nasa.gov TO VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRECT VERSION PRIOR TO USE. Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) Mission Operations and Communications Services (MOCS) Effective Date: March 15, 2019 Approved and Prepared by: John J. Hudiburg 3/15/19 J ohn J. Hudiburg Date Mission Integration and Commitment Manager, SCaN Network Services Division Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate NASA Headquarters Washington, D. C. SCaN-MOCS-0001 Revision 2 Preface This document is under configuration management of the SCaN Integrated Network Configuration Control Board (SINCCB). This document will be changed by Documentation Change Notice (DCN) or complete revision. Proposed changes to this document must be submitted to the SCaN Configuration Management Office along with supportive material justifying the proposed change. Comments or questions concerning this document and proposed changes shall be addressed to: Configuration Management Office [email protected] Space Communications and Navigation Office NASA Headquarters Washington, D. C. ii SCaN-MOCS-0001 Revision 2 Change Information Page List of Effective Pages Page Number Issue Title Rev 2 iii
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												  DSL Digital Subscriber Line Technologies, Commonly Known AsDSL Digital subscriber line technologies, commonly known as DSL, represent a family of broadband technologies that use a greater range of frequencies over existing telephone lines than traditional telephone services. This provides greater bandwidth to send and receive information. DSL speeds range from 128 Kbps to 52 Mbps depending upon the particular DSL standard and the distance between the central office and the subscriber. These data rates allow local exchange carriers to provide, and end users to receive, a wide range of new broadband services. DSL technology has a number of standards or line codes used worldwide. We support all standards-based line codes, such as asymmetric DSL, or ADSL, ADSL2, ADSL2+ and very-high-speed DSL, or VDSL, including the standard Annexes used in North America, Europe, Japan and China. In addition, we provide end-to-end technology, with solutions designed for both customer premises equipment, or CPE, and central office applications. Our DSL technologies enable local exchange carriers and enterprise networking vendors to deliver bundled broadband services, such as digital video, high-speed Internet access, VoIP, video teleconferencing and IP data business services, over existing telephone lines. DSL Modem and Residential Gateway Solutions. For DSL CPE applications, we provide products that address the wide variety of local area network, or LAN, connectivity options, including Ethernet, USB-powered solutions, VoIP-enabled access devices and IEEE 802.11 wireless access points with multiple Ethernet ports. These solutions also provide a fully scalable architecture to address emerging value-added services such as in-home voice and video distribution. Wide area network connectivity is provided using integrated, standards-compliant PHY technology.
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												  Download (PDF)FEDERAL REGULATION AND COMPETITIVE ACCESS TO MULTIPLE-UNIT PREMISES: MORE CHOICE IN COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES? LYNNE HOLT* & MARK JAMISON** I. INTRODUCTION The nature of competition in the United States’ communications sector changed significantly over the past two decades. Before the 1990s, ‘‘competition’’ referred to the fight among providers of discrete services, such as the contest among AT&T, MCI, and Sprint over the long- distance slice of the communications pie. Today, competition is much more likely to describe the fight over the entire pie, among firms offering a ‘‘triple play’’ of services----high-speed Internet service, video, and t e l e p h o n y ----over a single broadband platform. Some firms recently expanded the pie with a ‘‘quadruple play’’ that includes wireless services as well. Cable operators, traditional wireline telephone companies, and, increasingly, wireless providers are competing to offer consumers both the underlying broadband platform and various bundled services that ride across it. However, not all consumers benefit from this competition in like manner.1 Public policy deliberations tend to focus more on differences in access to communications services either between consumers in rural and * Dr. Lynne Holt, Policy Analyst, Public Utility Research Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7142, [email protected]. ** Dr. Mark A. Jamison, Director, Public Utility Research Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7142, [email protected]. The authors appreciate the review by Mr. William Cox, Able Band Chartered, and his suggestions for improving an earlier version of this paper. 1. For example, the staff of the New York Public Service Commission found differences between geographic areas in terms of the competitive alternatives that customers enjoyed.
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												  Wide Area NetworkWide area network A wide area network (WAN) is a telecommunications network or computer network that extends over a large geographical distance. Wide area networks are often established with leased telecommunication circuits.[1] Business, education and government entities use wide area networks to relay data to staff, students, clients, buyers, and suppliers from various locations across the world. In essence, this mode of telecommunication allows a business to effectively carry out its daily function regardless of location. The Internet may be considered a WAN.[2] Related terms for other types of networks are personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), campus area networks (CANs), or metropolitan area networks (MANs) which are usually limited to a room, building, campus or specific metropolitan area respectively. Contents Design options Connection technology List of WAN types See also References External links Design options The textbook definition of a WAN is a computer network spanning regions, countries, or even the world.[3] However, in terms of the application of computer networking protocols and concepts, it may be best to view WANs as computer networking technologies used to transmit data over long distances, and between different LANs, MANs and other localised computer networking architectures. This distinction stems from the fact that common LAN technologies operating at lower layers of the OSI model (such as the forms of Ethernet or Wi-Fi) are often designed for physically proximal networks, and thus cannot transmit data over tens, hundreds or even thousands of miles or kilometres. WANs do not just necessarily connect physically disparate LANs. A CAN, for example, may have a localized backbone of a WAN technology, which connects different LANs within a campus.
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												  Telecommunications Technology and Native Americans: Opportunities and ChallengesTelecommunications Technology and Native Americans: Opportunities and Challenges August 1995 OTA-ITC-621 Recommended Citation: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Telecommunications Technology and Native Americans: Opportunities and Challenges, OTA-ITC-621 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, August 1995). oreword elecommunications Technology and Native Americans: Opportuni- ties and Challenges examines the potential of telecommunications to improve the socioeconomic conditions of Native Americans— American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians—living in rural, remote areas, and to help them maintain their cultures and exercise control over their lives and destinies. The report discusses the opportunities for Native Americans to use tele- communications (including computer networking, videoconferencing, multimedia, digital and wireless technologies, and the like) in the realms of culture, education, health care, economic development, and governance. It also explores the challenges and barriers to realizing these opportunities, notably the need to improve the technology infrastructure (and access to it), technical training, leadership, strategic partnerships, and telecommunica- tions planning on Indian reservations and in Alaska Native villages and Na- tive Hawaiian communities. Prepared at the request of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, this is the first federal government report on Native American telecommunica- tions. It provides a framework for technology planning and policy actions by Congress and relevant federal agencies, as well as by Native leaders and governments. Native Americans were involved throughout the study. OTA made site visits to six states and consulted with Native leaders and technolo- gy experts in about two dozen other states. Computer networking was used extensively for research and outreach, and OTA developed the Native American Resource Page for this study, a World Wide Web home page ac- cessible via OTA Online (http://www.ota.gov/nativea.html).