A CATEGORIZED LIST OF ALL THE ÒBIBLICAL TEXTSÓ FOUND IN THE JUDAEAN DESERT*

EMANUEL TOV The Hebrew University

The following list records the editions of all the known fragments of ÒbiblicalÓ manuscripts 1 in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek from the Judaean Desert published in DJD and elsewhere. 2 The list includes 200-2 scrolls (representing 205-7 biblical books) of the Hebrew/Aramaic (twenty-three from other sites in the Judaean Desert), ve Greek texts (one from another site), and three fragments of the Targumim. The slight uctuation for Qumran pertains to 4QGen h1 and 4QGenh2 which may or may not re ectone scroll according to its editor, J.Davila and to 4Q168 which contains either 4QpMic? or 4QMic?. But also beyond these items many doubts remain in matters of detail. Do the various fragments of Mur 1 (Genesis, Exodus, Numbers) re ect one, two, or three manuscripts? Likewise, the editor of 1QpaleoLev, D.BarthŽlemy, asked whether the collection of these fragments represents remains of one, two, or three different scrolls. 3 Further, it is often unclear whether the separation of several groups of fragments into different manu- scripts or their combination into one manuscript is correct.Are 4QJer b,d,e

*Special thanks are due to and Eugene Ulrich, both of whom gra- ciously gave of their time in commenting upon an earlier draft of this list. 1 The list records only the names of the texts. References to the passages covered by the fragments are recorded by E.C. Ulrich, ÒAppendix I: Index of Passages in the Biblical Scrolls,Ó The after Fifty Years: A Comprehensive Assessment (eds P.W. Flint and J.C. VanderKam; Leiden/Boston/Kšln: Brill, 1999) 2.649-65. 2 Publications other than the DJD series are mentioned in the notes. The largest group of texts not published in DJD is the small corpus of Masada texts published by S. Talmon in S. Talmon and Y. Yadin, Masada VI, The Excavations 1963-1965, Final Reports, Hebrew Fragments from Masada (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1999). 3 D. BarthŽlemy, O.P. and J.T. Milik, Qumran Cave 1 (DJD 1; Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1955) 51. indeed three manuscripts as was claimed in my DJD edition 4 and are the Deuteronomy and Exodus segments of 4QDeut j indeed part of the same manuscript as was claimed by J.A. Duncan? 5 As a result of these and several similar problems the totals for the manuscripts of the biblical books are approximate only. Furthermore, some of the unidenti ed fragments published in DJD 33 (in preparation) are probably also bib- lical (e.g., PAM 43.673, frag. 6; 43.698, frag. 24 [Job?]; 44.102, frag. 35 [Lev. 23:32?]). In the analysis of the biblical texts from the Judaean Desert, the de nition of the scope of the biblical corpus is unclear, as we are uncertain regarding the canonical conceptions of the persons who left these texts behind. Our analysis, however, takes no stand on these issues, and refers only to the books contained in the traditional canon of the Hebrew/Aramaic Bible. The evidence for other authoritative texts, such as the so-called ÒApocryphaÓ and texts which may have been authoritative for the Qumran community is not recorded here. 6 The place of publication of these texts is recorded in the second column. Some of the texts from Qumran and the other sites are still in press.7 The notion of what exactly constitutes abiblical scroll is not always clear, so that the following list is necessarily based on the views of the scholars publishing these texts. As biblical texts we list items which have been given names of the biblical books, such as 1QIsa a. Phylacteries ( te llin) and mezuzot, although containing segments of Hebrew Scripture, are excluded from the main list (but included in the appendix), since they are not biblical texts in the usual sense of the term. By the same token one could exclude other texts which may have served liturgical purposes, such as scrolls containing both bibli- cal Psalms and other hymnic material, but as these scrolls have been given biblical names, they are included in the present list. This per- tains, for example, to the collections of psalms included in 4QPs f,

4 E. Ulrich et al. (eds), Qumran Cave 4.X: The Prophets (DJD 15; Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997) 171-76, 203-7. 5 E. Ulrich, F.M. Cross et al. (eds), Qumran Cave 4.IX: Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Kings (DJD 14; Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995) 75-91. 6 A nal list of those compositions is to be included in E. Tov (ed.), The Texts from the Judaean Desert: Introduction and Indices (DJD 39; Oxford: Clarendon Press, forth- coming). 7 See F.M. Cross with the assistance of D. Parry; E. Ulrich (eds), Qumran Cave 4.XII: Samuel (DJD 17; Oxford: Clarendon Press, in press).