Shoshonean Peoples and the Overland Trails

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Shoshonean Peoples and the Overland Trails Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All USU Press Publications USU Press 2007 Shoshonean Peoples and the Overland Trails Dale L. Morgan Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/usupress_pubs Part of the Indigenous Studies Commons Recommended Citation Morgan, D. L., Saunders, R. L., & Smoak, G. E. (2007). Shoshonean peoples and the overland trails: Frontiers of the Utah Superintendency of Indian Affairs, 1849-1869. Logan: Utah State University Press. This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the USU Press at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All USU Press Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact digitalcommons@usu.edu. Shoshonean Peoples and the Overland Trails Shoshonean Peoples and the Overland Trails Frontiers of the Utah Superintendency of Indian Aff airs 1849–1869 Dale L. Morgan Edited and Introduced by Richard L. Saunders Ethnohistorical Essay by Gregory E. Smoak Utah State University Press Logan, Utah Copyright ©2007 Utah State University Press All rights reserved Utah State University Press Logan, Utah 84322-7200 www.usu.edu/usupress Manufactured in the United States of America Printed on recycled, acid-free paper ISBN: 978-0-87421-651-6 (cloth) ISBN: 978-0-87421-667-7 (e-book) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Morgan, Dale Lowell, 1914-1971. Shoshonean peoples and the overland trails : frontiers of the Utah Superintendency of Indian Aff airs, 1849-1869 / Dale L. Morgan ; edited and introduced by Richard L. Saunders ; ethnohistorical essay by Gregory E. Smoak. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-87421-651-6 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Shoshoni Indians—Government relations. 2. Shoshoni Indians—History. 3. Shoshoni Indians—Social conditions. 4. United States. Offi ce of Indian Aff airs. Utah Superintendency— History. 5. Mormon Church—History. 6. Overland journeys to the Pacifi c. 7. Oregon National Historic Trail. 8. California National Historic Trail. I. Saunders, Richard L., 1963-II. Smoak, Gregory E., 1962-III. Title. E99.S4M65 2007 979.2004’974574—dc22 2007018534 Contents Illustrations vi Editorial Note and Acknowledgements vii Introduction 1 Dale L. Morgan and the Study of Indian Aff airs Richard L. Saunders 7 Th e Newe (the People) and the Utah Superintendency Gregory E. Smoak 33 Th e Administration of Indian Aff airs in Utah, 1851–1858 (1948) 57 Indian Aff airs on the California Trail, 1849–1860 (1949) 85 Washakie and the Shoshoni: A Selection of Documents from the Records of the Utah Superintendency of Indian Aff airs, 1850–1869 (originally in ten parts, 1953–1957) 127 Appendix: Selected Notes 395 Index 413 Illustrations Dale L. Morgan, 1952 6 Shoshoni men on horseback, ca. 1870 32 Utah Territory and the overland trails 48 Shoshoni Indians in Salt Lake City, ca. 1869–1875 56 Jacob Harrod Holeman, ca. 1840 59 Shoshone Indians, Humboldt plains, 1869 84 Changes along California Trail, 1866 124 Couple on horseback near tipi encampment, 1870 126 Chief Washakie, 1870 133 Brigham Young, ca. 1853, 1850–1857 147 James Duane Doty, 1860 271 Luther H. Mann, ca. 1870 271 Shoshoni Treaty Map prepared by Doty 318 Orsamus H. Irish, ca.1880 326 Fort Hall reservation, ca. 1863–1870 394 vi Editorial Note and Acknowledgments THIS collective work crosses both temporal and cultural lines, conse- quently, it possesses more than a few quirks. First, readers will notice the obvi- ous diff erences in spellings for tribal and personal names. Shoshoni was encoun- tered by literate people as a fully mature but unwritten language; all contempo- rary and modern spelling conventions are ultimately based on either the various transliterations by early non-native diarists and offi cials struggling to accurate- ly represent an unfamiliar language, or modern conventions facing exactly the same challenge. In modern usage the long-e of the phonetic rendition shō-shō- nē or shō-shō-nā is terminated with either an –i or –e. Th ere is no agreement on the terminal phoneme being romanized with either vowel. Linguists prefer the –i, since it avoids the common mispronunciation of making the last vowel silent (as sho-shown), while native peoples today seem to prefer the latter spelling. Nineteenth-century writers oft en split the diff erence and spelled using a dou- ble –ee. Morgan consistently used a terminal –i in his work. Acknowledging the factors behind these orthographic diff erences, Morgan’s spelling is maintained throughout his work and notes, while the introductory essays each take separate approaches. Hopefully this quirk will not be regarded as either incompetence or a slight on anyone’s part. Second, in making documentary transcriptions, Dale Morgan took great pains to maintain the oddities of spelling and punctuation of the original docu- ments, details which were carried over into the texts as edited for publication. Th ose vagaries have been maintained here, particularly in the transcripts appear- ing in “Washakie and the Shoshoni,” except where obvious (or at least probable) typographic errors were made. Th e text for this edition was produced from the printed series and was not cross-read against either his initial transcriptions or the original documents. Document headings that varied slightly between the published parts have been standardized in this edition for stylistic consistency. Th ird, writing conventions among nineteenth-century correspondents, who themselves were bound by long delays between sent and received correspon- dence, relied upon temporal terms and conventions that are arcane today. For the sake of modern readers it may be helpful to know that “P.S.,” an abbreviation for the still-understood term postscript, is properly defi ned as an addition made by a writer to a handwritten document aft er the closing signature. “N.B.,” for nota bene, is much less used today and indicates a helpful explanatory note sup- plied for the recipient by the writer. Th e dative terms ultimo, instant, and proximo vii Richard L. Saunders have fallen completely out of use. Ultimo, oft en abbreviated ult. or ulto., refers to a specifi c date in the preceding month. Instant or inst. identifi es a date within the current month, whether past or future, leaving proximo to refer to a specifi c date in the next or coming month. Th ese were important points of reference when mail schedules were measured with calendars rather than clocks. Fourth and fi nally, for this volume the editor has added a few new notes and clarifi ed or added to Morgan’s original notes, which are clearly set off by brack- ets. Th e texts of a few excessively long footnotes have been pulled from the pages and are collected as an appendix to ease reading. Th e citations in Morgan’s notes have been edited and reformatted to eliminate arcane scholarly abbreviations and convert them to current standards, so the notes will read slightly diff erently than in the original publications. Further, I chose not to include all illustrations Morgan used in “Washakie and the Shoshoni,” and a few additional appropriate images have been included. Th anks are due to James S. Morgan, Dale’s brother and executor, for per- mission to reprint his work, and to the Bancroft Library for clearance to include new material from the Jacob Holeman papers. Th anks are also due to various copyright holders for permission to include images. Dr. John Alley of USU Press jumped into the project with little more than an early tentative query and con- tributed his expertise to the bibliographic note. Dr. Daniel Howe, Maurice L. Howe’s son, read the introduction and saved readers’ attention with his critiques. Mary Frances Morrow and Tom Eisinger of the National Archives deserve a cheer for their committed public service, as do many other nameless souls for timely aid and miscellaneous services rendered. Especial thanks are off ered to the entire disciplines represented by librarians and genealogists, which in the past ten years have committed untold amounts of time and capital to scan, tran- scribe, and format thousands of pages of historic volumes and public records electronically. Th eir committed eff ort makes it possible to do detailed research on nineteenth-century Western America from the comfort of my isolated desk in rural west Tennessee. I appreciate the moral and administrative support of my former director at the Paul Meek Library, Steve Rogers, but as ever, the largest debt is owed Carrie and the brood: AnnMarie and Stephen (who have fl edged and fl own), Heidi, David, Pinkie (Rebecca), R. Dan, Missy (Marianne), and Nathan. Finally, since this is really a gathering of someone else’s work, I do not presume to insert a dedication. It is appropriate, however, to respectfully off er up this newly col- lected volume in honor of the one who introduced me to Dale Morgan’s work in a directed readings course on the fur trade back in 1984, Dr. Charles S. Peterson. Now emeritus from the history department at Utah State University, Chas edited the Western Historical Quarterly and later chaired my graduate program. viii Introduction THIS volume collects three works by Western American research historian Dale L. Morgan. In the broad fi eld of Americana, Morgan has acquired almost a cult following among the historically minded. Partly because he may be regarded as the last great amateur historian of the West, partly because his research was so thorough, partly because the period and resources in which he did his research and on which he chose to write inform so many other areas, the work of Dale L. Morgan is still cited in virtually any writing involving the early American West. As a researcher and writer, Morgan’s busy and prolifi c career provides us with a bit of a puzzle.
Recommended publications
  • Heritage Fish Consumption Rates of the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes
    Heritage Fish Consumption Rates of the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes Final Report This final report was prepared under EPA Contract EP W14 020 Task Order 10 and Contract EP W09 011 Task Order 125 with SRA International. Nayak L Polissar, PhDa Anthony Salisburyb Callie Ridolfi, MS, MBAc Kristin Callahan, MSc Moni Neradilek, MSa Daniel S Hippe, MSa William H Beckley, MSc aThe Mountain-Whisper-Light Statistics bPacific Market Research cRidolfi Inc. December 31, 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Purpose and Objectives ................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Study Approach ........................................................................................................... 2 2.0 BACKGROUND (authored by the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes) .................................... 3 2.1 Summary of Historical Fish Harvest and Consumption .............................................. 3 2.2 Summary of Causes of Decline in Fish Populations ................................................... 3 3.0 HERITAGE FISH CONSUMPTION RATES (FCRs) .................................................. 6 3.1 Defining Fish Consumption ......................................................................................... 6 3.2 Defining Factors Influencing Consumption Rates ...................................................... 6 3.2.1 Migration Calorie Loss Factor .......................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • West Fork Blacks Fork River Mileage : Studied: 11.9 Miles, from Source to Trailhead Eligible: Same
    West Fork Blacks Fork Suitability Evaluation Report (SER) STUDY AREA SUMMARY Name of River : West Fork Blacks Fork River Mileage : Studied: 11.9 miles, from source to trailhead Eligible: same Location : Wasatch-Cache National Forest, Mountain View Ranger District, Congressional District West Fork Summit County, Utah 1 Blacks Fork Start End Classification Miles NE ¼ SW ¼ Sect. 10, T 1 NE ¼ NE ¼ Sect. 11, T 1 N, R 11 Segment 1 Wild 8.0 S, R 11 E, SLM E, SLM NE ¼ NE ¼ Sect. 11, T 1 N, NE ¼ NW ¼ Sect. 26, T 2 N, R 11 Segment 2 Scenic 3.9 R 11 E, SLM E, SLM Physical Description of River Segment : This stream flows between elevations that range between 9,200-12,000 feet. The stream meanders through a relatively wide valley and outwash terraces. The West Fork valley bottom is fairly broad with some large meadows and willow bottoms. Appendix A – Suitability Evaluation Reports A-392 The upper portion of this segment is typical of the alpine and subalpine communities of the Uinta Mountains. Krummholz spruce communities occur at higher elevations, while Engelmann spruce, subalpine fir, and lodgepole pine dominate at mid to lower elevations along this segment. Aspen communities and aspen/conifer communities also occur at lower elevations. Riparian communities typically occur as broad meadows dominated by tall and low growing willows with herbaceous undergrowth. Narrow riparian corridors with scattered tall willows growing beneath conifer overstories generally separate these meadows. This segment is more or less natural in appearance, with local dispersed recreation and livestock grazing impacts.
    [Show full text]
  • Latter-Day Saint Liturgy: the Administration of the Body and Blood of Jesus
    religions Article Latter-Day Saint Liturgy: The Administration of the Body and Blood of Jesus James E. Faulconer Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; James_faulconer@byu.edu Abstract: Latter-day Saint (“Mormon”) liturgy opens its participants to a world undefined by a stark border between the transcendent and immanent, with an emphasis on embodiment and relationality. The formal rites of the temple, and in particular that part of the rite called “the endowment”, act as a frame that erases the immanent–transcendent border. Within that frame, the more informal liturgy of the weekly administration of the blood and body of Christ, known as “the sacrament”, transforms otherwise mundane acts of living into acts of worship that sanctify life as a whole. I take a phenomenological approach, hoping that doing so will deepen interpretations that a more textually based approach might miss. Drawing on the works of Robert Orsi, Edward S. Casey, Paul Moyaert, and Nicola King, I argue that the Latter-day Saint sacrament is not merely a ritualized sign of Christ’s sacrifice. Instead, through the sacrament, Christ perdures with its participants in an act of communal memorialization by which church members incarnate the coming of the divine community of love and fellow suffering. Participants inhabit a hermeneutically transformed world as covenant children born again into the family of God. Keywords: Mormon; Latter-day Saint; liturgy; rites; sacrament; endowment; temple; memory Citation: Faulconer, James E. 2021. Latter-Day Saint Liturgy: The In 1839, in contrast to most other early nineteenth-century American religious leaders, Administration of the Body and Joseph Smith, the founder of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints1 said, “Being Blood of Jesus.
    [Show full text]
  • Chief (Tin Doi) Tendoy 1834 -1907 Leader of a Mixed Band of Bannock
    Introducing 2012 Montana Cowboy Hall of Fame Inductee… Chief (Tin Doi) Tendoy 1834 -1907 Leader of a mixed band of Bannock, Lemhi, Shoshone & Tukuarika tribes Chief Tendoy (Tin Doi) was born in the Boise River region of what is now the state of Idaho in approximately 1834. The son of father Kontakayak (called Tamkahanka by white settlers), a Bannock Shoshone and a"Sheep Eater" Shoshone mother who was a distant cousin to the mother of Chief Washakie. Tendoy was the nephew of Cameahwait and Sacajewea. Upon the murder of Chief Old Snag by Bannack miners in 1863 Tendoy became chief of the Lemhi Shoshone. Revered by white settlers as a peacemaker Chief Tendoy kept members of his tribe from joining other tribes in their war with the whites. He led his people, known as Tendoy's Band, more than 40 years. He was a powerful force to reckoned with in negotiations with the federal government and keeping his tribe on peaceful terms with oncoming white settlers. In 1868, with his band of people struggling to survive as miners and settlers advanced upon their traditional hunting, fishing and gathering grounds, Chief Tendoy and eleven fellow Lemhi and Bannock leaders signed a treaty surrendering their tribal lands in exchange for an annual payment by the federal government as well as two townships along the north fork of the Salmon River. The treaty, having never been ratified, forced the tribe to move to a desert reservation known as Fort Hall, created for the Shoshone tribes in 1867. Chief Tendoy refused, expecting what the government had promised.
    [Show full text]
  • Fawn Brodie and Her Quest for Independence
    Fawn Brodie and Her Quest for Independence Newell G. Bringhurst FAWN MCKAY BRODIE IS KNOWN IN MORMON CIRCLES primarily for her con- troversial 1945 biography of Joseph Smith — No Man Knows My History. Because of this work she was excommunicated from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. In the 23 May 1946 summons, William H. Reeder, presi- dent of the New England Mission, charged her with apostasy: You assert matters as truths which deny the divine origin of the Book of Mormon, the restoration of the Priesthood and of Christ's Church through the instrumentality of the Prophet Joseph Smith, contrary to the beliefs, doctrines, and teachings of the Church. This reaction did not surprise the author of the biography. For Brodie had approached the Mormon prophet from a "naturalistic perspective" — that is, she saw him as having primarily non-religious motives. As she later noted: "I was convinced before I ever began writing that Joseph Smith was not a true Prophet" (1975, 10). Writing No Man Knows My History was Brodie's declaration of independence from Mormonism. In the words of Richard S. Van Wagoner, Brodie's "compulsion to rid herself of the hooks that Mor- monism had embedded in her soul centered on her defrocking Joseph Smith" (1982, 32). She herself, in a 4 November 1959 letter to her uncle, Dean Brim- hall, described the writing of the biography as "a desperate effort to come to terms with my childhood." NEWELL G. BRINGHURST is an instructor of history and political science at College of the Sequoias in Visalia, California.
    [Show full text]
  • BRODIE: the a Personal Look at Mormonisrn’S Best-Known Rebel
    BRODIE: the A personal look at Mormonisrn’s best-known rebel RICHARD S. VAN WAGONER LMOST as much as we love to love our folk unseen influences which shape our destinies, I took my heroes, we Mormons love to hate our heretics. stand with the ’heretics’; and, as it happened, my own AWe lick our chops at the thought of John C. was the first woman’s name enrolled in their cause. Bennett spending his autumn years raising chickens in The most recent name enrolled on the list of women Polk City, Iowa--so far a fall for the once-proud heretics is Sonia Johnson. Trading barbs with Utah’s Brigadier General in the Invincible Light Dragoons of Mormon Senator Orrin Hatch, Johnson quickly rose to Illinois and member of Joseph Smith’s First Presidency. prominence as a fervent spokeswoman for "Mormons We remember with delight millionaire Sam Brannan of for ERA." Her outspoken opposition to Church political California gold rush fame, once high and mighty enough activism over the Equal Rights Amendment resulted in to refuse to give up Church tithes until Brigham Young national press attention, loss of her Church sent a "receipt signed by the Lord," dying of a bowel membership, and delicious hissings from Church infection, wifeless and penniless. We retell with relish members in general. the sad tale of stroke-ravaged Thomas B. Marsh, the man who might have been Church president upon The best-known Mormon rebel of all time, however, Joseph Smith’s death, returning to the Church in 1856 "a neither led a protest movement against polygamy nor poor decrepid [sic], broken down old man .
    [Show full text]
  • Vol. 13, No. 3 & 4, Fall/Winter 1983
    THE COCHISE '- Volume 13, Numbers 3 and 4 QUARTERLY Fall/Winter 1983 PHILIP ST. GEORGE COOK Table of Contents page The Mormon Battalion in Cochise County and Adjacent Areas 3 Photos: Cover photo of Colonel Philip St. George Cooke (from "The Mormon Battalion: Its History and Achievements" by B.H. Roberts, The Deseret News, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1919.) Monument near San Bernardino Ranch 18 Grave of Elisha Smith, near Paul Spur 29 Monument at entrance to Paul Spur road 30 Monument in Veterans Park, Douglas 33 Map of part of the march and wagon road of Lt. Colonel Cooke centerfold Edited tape of interview with Marvin L. Follett. 43 Larry D. Christiansen, a native of Utah, received both his Bachelor and Master's degrees from Utah State University. He also attended the University of Arizona and Wake Forest University. Christiansen served as the first editor of The Cochise Quarterly and has been a long-time member of the CCHAS. His interest in the Mormon Battalion and Cochise County history came with his moving to the area to teach at Cochise College. He has had one book published and several articles in magazines and quarterlies including The Cochise Quarterly. He now resides in North Carolina with his wife Becky and two children and pursues his hobbies of reading, writing and researching history, especially of the American West. * * * * Marvin L. FoUett, a long-time resident of Douglas, has studied, especially since the 1950s. the trail of the Mormon Battalion in Cochise County. His great-grandfather was William A. Follett, who was in Company B of the Mormon Battalion.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Paiute and Western Shoshone Land Use in Northern Nevada: a Class I Ethnographic/Ethnohistoric Overview
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Land Management NEVADA NORTHERN PAIUTE AND WESTERN SHOSHONE LAND USE IN NORTHERN NEVADA: A CLASS I ETHNOGRAPHIC/ETHNOHISTORIC OVERVIEW Ginny Bengston CULTURAL RESOURCE SERIES NO. 12 2003 SWCA ENVIROHMENTAL CON..·S:.. .U LTt;NTS . iitew.a,e.El t:ti.r B'i!lt e.a:b ~f l-amd :Nf'arat:1.iern'.~nt N~:¥G~GI Sl$i~-'®'ffl'c~. P,rceP,GJ r.ei l l§y. SWGA.,,En:v,ir.e.m"me'Y-tfol I €on's.wlf.arats NORTHERN PAIUTE AND WESTERN SHOSHONE LAND USE IN NORTHERN NEVADA: A CLASS I ETHNOGRAPHIC/ETHNOHISTORIC OVERVIEW Submitted to BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT Nevada State Office 1340 Financial Boulevard Reno, Nevada 89520-0008 Submitted by SWCA, INC. Environmental Consultants 5370 Kietzke Lane, Suite 205 Reno, Nevada 89511 (775) 826-1700 Prepared by Ginny Bengston SWCA Cultural Resources Report No. 02-551 December 16, 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ................................................................v List of Tables .................................................................v List of Appendixes ............................................................ vi CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................1 CHAPTER 2. ETHNOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW .....................................4 Northern Paiute ............................................................4 Habitation Patterns .......................................................8 Subsistence .............................................................9 Burial Practices ........................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • Kidnapped and Sold Into Marriage on the Lewis and Clark Expedition
    Fact or Fiction? Name: _________________________ Below is a passage on Sacagawea. On the following page is a chart with ten statements. Indicate whether each statement is fact or fiction. Sacagawea was born sometime around 1790. She is best known for her role in assisting the Lewis and Clark expedition. She and her husband were guides from the Great Plains to the Pacific Ocean and back. Kidnapped and Sold into Marriage Sacagawea was kidnapped from her Shoshone village by Hidatsa Indians when she was twelve years old. She was promptly sold into slavery. She was then sold to a French fur trapper by the name of Toussaint Charbonneau. The pair became married and had a son named Jean-Baptiste. On the Lewis and Clark Expedition Although there are conflicting opinions concerning how important Sacagawea was to the Lewis and Clark expedition, she did serve as the interpreter and negotiator to the Shoshone tribe - that was led by her brother Cameahwait. She helped them obtain essential supplies and horses while she carried her infant son on her back. Furthermore, Sacagawea helped identify edible plants and herbs and prevented hostile relations with other tribes simply by being with the expedition. She was even more important on the return trip because she was familiar with the areas in which the expedition was traveling. Lewis and Clark received credit for discovering hundreds of animals and plants that Sacagawea had probably seen for years. Although she received no payment for her help, her husband was rewarded with cash and land. Death and Adoption of her Children Six years after the journey, Sacagawea died after giving birth to her daughter Lisette.
    [Show full text]
  • Evanston Fort Bridger Lyman Urie Granger
    GRANGER Modern d Little a EmigrantHwy 30 America o Trail Marker R ca Exit 66 eri D le Am d Litt Exit 68 Church Butte/ Ol Dog Spring was frequented by locals To New York City G and became a natural watering hole for Naggi’s B Lincoln Highway tourists. It led to the A Hamblin Park (formerly City Park) establishment of a filling station nearby, “Boilers” is the local term for a series Blacks Fork Bridge, built in 2014 was a public campground established by appropriately known as Oasis. The of hot springs along the Lincoln Highway to replace an earlier bridge from 1921, the City of Evanston in the early 1920s foundation for the pumps and other ruins where warm mineral water bubbles to has replica Lincoln Highway markers and in response to increased automobile can still be seen. Made from railroad ties, N the surface and forms mineral-encrusted pipe railing reminiscent of its predecessor. tourism. The park catered to “Tin Can the collapsing station was moved approxi- pools. Though lacking the spectacle of The 1921 bridge, in turn, replaced an even Tourists,” a term describing budget trav- mately 150 yards northeast. Yellowstone, this geothermal activity earlier timber trestle bridge. The 1921 elers who ate from tin cans, drove Tin The story goes that Dog Spring got its attracted Lincoln Highway tourists and bridge served Lincoln Highway drivers Lizzies (Ford Model Ts), and camped at name when a poodle, belonging to a female Evanston locals, who came here to picnic until 1932 when the road was re-routed the side of the road.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lot Smith Cavalry Company: Utah Goes to War
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Faculty Publications 2013-10 The Lot Smith Cavalry Company: Utah Goes to War Joseph R. Stuart Brigham Young University - Provo, jstubyu@gmail.com Kenneth L. Alford Ph.D. Brigham Young University - Provo, alford@byu.edu Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Stuart, Joseph R. and Alford, Kenneth L. Ph.D., "The Lot Smith Cavalry Company: Utah Goes to War" (2013). Faculty Publications. 1645. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/1645 This Peer-Reviewed Article is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact scholarsarchive@byu.edu, ellen_amatangelo@byu.edu. Erected on the grounds of the Utah State Capitol by the Daughters of Utah Pioneers in 1961, this monument honors the men who served in the Lot Smith Utah Cavalry. (Courtesy of W. Jeffrey Marsh) CHAPTER 8 Joseph R. Stuart and Kenneth L. Alford THE LOT SMITH CAVA L RY C OM PANY Utah Goes to War hen the American Civil War is studied, a time.2 Indian attacks on mail and telegraph Wit is almost always the major battles and stations left the nation without cross-country campaigns that draw our attention and focus communication, threatening further confu- our interest—Manassas, Chancellorsville, Fred- sion on both sides of the country.3 ericksburg, Antietam, Gettysburg, and many Given geographic realities and Washing- others. In remembering a war that cost hun- ton’s attitude, Utah’s active participation in dreds of thousands of lives, it is often easy to the Civil War was limited.
    [Show full text]
  • Chimney Rock on the Oregon Trail
    Chimney Rock on the Oregon Trail (Article begins on page 2 below.) This article is copyrighted by History Nebraska (formerly the Nebraska State Historical Society). You may download it for your personal use. For permission to re-use materials, or for photo ordering information, see: https://history.nebraska.gov/publications/re-use-nshs-materials Learn more about Nebraska History (and search articles) here: https://history.nebraska.gov/publications/nebraska-history-magazine History Nebraska members receive four issues of Nebraska History annually: https://history.nebraska.gov/get-involved/membership Full Citation: Merrill J Mattes, “Chimney Rock on the Oregon Trail,” Nebraska History 36 (1955): 1-26 Article Summary: Travelers’ many journal references and sketches show the significance of Chimney Rock. No other landmark was more memorable or excited the viewers’ imagination more. Note: a complete list of travelers’ references to major Oregon Trail landmarks 1830-1866 and a Chimney Rock bibliography follow the article. Cataloging Information: Names: Thomas Fitzpatrick, [Benjamin Eulalie de] Bonneville, Brigham Young Rivers Mentioned: Sweetwater, North Platte, Platte, Missouri Keywords: Chimney Rock, Smith-Jackson-Sublette Expedition, Bidwell Expedition, South Pass, gold rush, Union Pacific Railroad, Central Pacific Railroad, Oregon Trail, California Trail, Pony Express Photographs / Images: Father Nicholas Point, 1841; Charles Preuss, 1842; J Quinn Thornton, 1846; A J Lindsay, 1849; J Goldsborough Bruff, 1849; Franklin Street, 1850; W Wadsworth,
    [Show full text]