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Emissions of Residential Wood Combustion in Urban and Rural Areas of Finland
Aalto University School of Science Degree Programme in Engineering Physics and Mathematics Ville-Veikko Paunu Emissions of Residential Wood Com- bustion in Urban and Rural Areas of Finland Master's Thesis Espoo, May 23 2012 Supervisor: Professor Peter Lund Instructors: Niko Karvosenoja D.Sc. (Tech.) Mikko Savolahti M.Sc. (Tech) Aalto University School of Science ABSTRACT OF Degree Programme in Engineering Physics and Mathematics MASTER'S THESIS Author: Ville-Veikko Paunu Title: Emissions of Residential Wood Combustion in Urban and Rural Areas of Finland Date: May 23 2012 Pages: vii + 63 Professorship: Energy Sciences Code: Tfy-56 Supervisor: Professor Peter Lund Instructors: Niko Karvosenoja D.Sc. (Tech.) Mikko Savolahti M.Sc. (Tech) Particulate matter (PM) is a significant threat of air pollution to human health in Finland and Europe. Residential wood combustion is a major cause of PM emissions. Therefore, the control of PM emissions is one of the most important challenges related to air quality. The goal of this thesis was to identify the characteristics of Finnish residential wood combustion, study the PM2:5 emissions and the population exposure they cause from different residential area types, and assess the emission reduction options for the future. -1 The total PM2:5 emissions from residential wood heating was 8230 Mg a , which amounted to 26% of the total emissions in Finland in 2005. Supplementary wood heating, i.e. stoves and masonry heaters, caused 70% of these. Non-urban areas were responsible for 57% of the total emissions. Supplementary heating caused 89% of the total PM2:5 exposure from RWC, with 80% of the total exposure coming from urban areas. -
Chapter 4: Operation and Maintenance
Chapter 4: Operation and Maintenance This chapter is formatted as a standalone manual for owners of rocket mass heaters. The procedures outlined in this chapter apply to heaters built according to the preceding chapters of the Rocket Mass Heater Builder's Guide (Wisner, 2014), or proven to work in a similar way through extensive prototyping. Heaters with improvised alterations or "improvements," including unconventional chimneys, may present quirky behaviors not covered here. For general troubleshooting tips for nonstandard heaters, we recommend the FAQ section of the general text Rocket Mass Heaters by Evans and Jackson. There are also numerous popular discussions of improvised heaters and stoves and their quirks online, such as the energy forums at www.permies.com. GAP DOWNDRAFT BARREL / BELL HEAT RISER HEAT EXCHANGE MASS FUEL FEED MANIFOLD BURN TUNNEL Rocket Mass Heater Builder's Guide, Wisner © 2013 — Chapter 4: Operation and Maintenance — p. 4.1 Rocket Mass Heater Operation and Maintenance Manual Original Authors: Erica & Ernie Wisner, www.ErnieAndErica.info [email protected] Contributors:______________________ _________________________________ Note to Readers: This Manual describes the operation and maintenance of residential rocket mass heaters as described in the Rocket Mass Heater Builders' Guide. Each mass heater is built with a sitespecific layout and features. This manual may contain information about features or methods that are not relevant to your particular heater. Builders and owners may need to include additional information to complete an accurate, unique manual for each particular heater. Throughout the manual, blank sections are provided to prompt additional information. These may be filled in by the owner or builder. -
Rocket Mass Heaters Which Are Site-Built, High-Efficiency, Wood-Burning Heaters Constructed from Thermal Cob
To: Joshua Klyber From: Alternative Technology Advisory Committee: Edward Vranizan (chair) Samir Mokashi (vice-chair) Aron Faegre Ron Hays Kathy Bash Joshua Klyber (recused) RE: Application #09-002 – Final Recommendation Date: January 29, 2013 Summary of Proposal: The applicants have requested that the committee review a general proposal for Rocket Mass Heaters which are site-built, high-efficiency, wood-burning heaters constructed from thermal cob. The applicants would like to help those interested in constructing rocket mass heaters in their homes do so in a way that is legally permitted. These heaters are becoming increasingly popular and have previously been constructed without permits. Applicable Building Code Section(s): 2011 Oregon Residential Specialty Code, Section R1002 and 2010 Oregon Structural Specialty Code, Section 2112. Committee Findings: 1. Rocket Mass Heaters (RMH) are similar in many ways to Masonry Heaters (MH) which are regulated under Section R1002 of the Oregon Residential Specialty Code and Section 2112 of the Oregon Structural Specialty Code and the prescriptive requirements of ASTM E 1602. RMH are not regulated under any recognized codes or standards. 2. Both RMH and MH use masonry mass to absorb and store heat from hot gasses routed through internal heat exchange channels downstream of the firebox, and then radiate the stored heat into the room. The key differences between the two are: a) RMH are constructed using earthen masonry (cob), mixed and formed from local materials on site and recycled 55 gallon drum and steel ducting. MH are constructed of concrete or pre- made solid masonry units. b) Fuel wood is inserted at the top of a vertical feed tube where it burns on its own coals in a RMH.