Table of Contents

Preface Acknowledgments Abbreviations

1. Crises and Controversies during 's Lifetime Introductory Essay The Call for Reform Luther on Trial The Threat of Radical Reformers The Peasant's Revolt The Conflict with The Sacramentarian Controversy Negotiations with the Emperor The Assaults of the Devil

2. The Dissemination of the Reform Message Introductory Essay Luther's Lectures and Communal Affirmations of the Message 's Systematic Guidance for Daily Living Pamphlet Literature: Defenses of Luther's Satirical Propaganda Evaluations of Luther

3. The Implementation of Reform Proposals Introductory Essay Luther: The Order of () (1523) Luther: The German Mass () (1526) Melanchthon: Instructions for the Visitors (1528) Selections from Lutheran Church Orders

4. The Church's Struggle for Survival 1546—1648 Introductory Essay The Schmalkald War and the Interim Crisis of 1546–55

The Thirty Year's War 1618–48 The Effect of the War on the Lutheran People of

5. Factionalism in the Late Reformation 1580—1580 Introductory Essay The Adiaphorist Controversy about Church Practices The Majorist Controversy about Good Works The Synergistic Controversy on Free Will The Flacian Controversy about Original Sin The Osiandrist Controversy about Essential Righteousness The Crypto-Calvinist Controversy

6. Theology in the Age of Orthodoxy 1580—1700 Introductory Essay Theological Prolegomena: Gerhard, Quenstedt, Hunnius, Hollaz Disputed Issues in Didactic and Polemical Theology The Ordo Salutis

7. Seventeenth Century Devotional Literature Introductory Essay : Six Books of True Christianity : Sacred Meditations Heinrich Müller: Spiritual Hours of Refreshment : Gotthold's Devotions Seventeenth-Century Lutheran Hymnwriters

8. Lutheran 1670—1750 Introductory Essay Philip Jacob Spener Pietism: Württemberg Pietism: Reports of Spiritual Experiences Pietist Hymns

Bibliography Notes Index