INDEX

Note: Italicized numbers indicate references by the speakers in the texts.

Ahtna, 1 Dene Dhá, 1 airplanes, 15, 61, 249 Dene Sųłiné people Alberta, 1, 5 relation to other peoples, 1–3, 8, 15–16 Anglican Church, 4 differences in lifestyle in different places, Apache, 1 2 pre-contact social organization, 3 band (pre-European), 3 territory range, 1 barge, 14, 61 warfare, 3–4 basketry, 205 early European contact, 4 beadwork, 151, 201 early fur trade, 4 bears, 9, 335, 337 religion, 4 Beauval (residential school), 11, 17, 39, 61, transportation, 13 81,131, 199 agriculture, 9, 283, 303, 308 Beauval fifre, 39 land use cycle, 9–10, 12 language use, 39, 81 in residential schools, 10–11, 13, 17, 19, 39 berries, 9, 59, 153 settlement into villages, 12–13 birch bark cups, 205 traditional spirituality, 16–17 birch sap drinks, 207 multilingualism, 39 British Dene Sųłiné language early trade with Dene, 4 missionary dictionaries, 4 British North America, 5 syllabics, 4, 17 , 7, 14, 249, 399 dialect variation, 18 number of speakers, 18 Canada sociolinguistic status, 18–19 Dominion Of Canada, 5 language shift, 19, 85–86, 405 canoe, 285 codeswitching, 26 Canoe Lake, 39 modern orthography, 28 caribou, 6, 373 use among Dillon speakers, 59, 81, 405 caribou, woodland, 9 Depression, the Great, 11 Catholic Church, 4 “”, 1, 17 Dillon Churchill River, 283 population in 1930s, 129 Christmas, 151, 203, 303, 401 Dillon Lake, 151, 159, 399 clothing, 201 doctors, 15, 61, 129 Cold Lake (community), 7, 14, 283 dog packs, 331 Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, Dogrib, 1, 245 11 dogteam, 14, 305, 335 cows, 159 Cree people egané (food), 155, 375 17th–18th century conflfict with Dene, 4 electricity, 13, 83 relations with Dene, 6, 81 ełddhai (food), 153 Cree Lake, 283, 399 entertainment, 82, 84, 205 Cree language, 39, 81 epidemic, 245 etsís (food), 59, 153, 249, 375 522 index fifshing Navajo, 1 subsistence, 10, 155, 401 Northwest Territory, 5 commercial, 11, 201, 303, 311, 399 nucleation policy, 12 drying fifsh, 153, 155 Fond du Lac, 373 Oblates, 4 Fort McMurray, 6 freeze-up, 59, 199, 373 , 7, 14, 39, 249 French language, 4, 39 , 5, 14 frontier, 6 quillwork, 203 games SEE entertainment Garson Lake, 283 regional group, 3 Gwich’in, 1 reserves, 5, 10–12 residential school system, 5, 10, 12, handgames, 245 17–18 horses, 159, 283, 303 SEE also Beauval Hudson Bay Company, 4, 5, 11, 303 road access, 15 hunting Rupert’s Land, 5 moose, 331, 371 bear, 335, 337 sanatorium, 129 caribou, 373 , 1, 5 relations with Dene, 11, 12 Ile-a-la-Crosse, 5, 39, 61 scarlet fever, 129 school bus, 303 Janvier (community), 7, 131 Sekani, 1 skidoo, 307, 373 Keewatin, District of, 5 Slavey, 1 Koyukon, 1 smallpox, epidemic, of 1779, 4 smokeracks, 155 , 1, 5, 6, 13 “Status Indian”, 10, 12 lamps, 155, 303, 313 substance abuse, 17 , 5, 7, 131, 153, 283 sweat lodge, 17, 89

Mackenzie, Alexander, 3–4, 16 task group, 3 Manitoba, 1, 5 tent (dwelling), 157 Mass, 151, 401 trapping, 10, 13, 129, 151, 401, 406 Meadow Lake, 7, 14, 249 treaties, 5, 10 Métis, 10 tuberculosis, 129, 131 , 14, 151 (community), 7 missionaries, 4, 9, 16 moccasins, 201, 203 vegetable garden, 59, 283 moose, 6, 9, 335 moosehide, 199