Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

built on relationships

Brett Group Ltd.

Proposed aggregate importation and processing and the preparation and manufacture of value added products Fisher's Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port

September 2017

bright & associates landscape and environmental consultants

CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 1.1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.2. THE BASELINE SITUATION...... 1 1.3. LANDSCAPE CHARACTER EFFECTS ...... 1 1.4. LANDSCAPE DESIGNATIONS ...... 2 1.5. VISUAL EFFECTS ...... 3 1.6. LANDSCAPE CAPACITY ...... 4 2. INTRODUCTION ...... 5 2.1. APPOINTMENT AND SCOPE OF WORK ...... 5 2.2. DESIGN PROCESS AND CONSULTATION ...... 5 2.3. THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT ...... 6 2.4. REPORT STRUCTURE ...... 7 2.5. DEFINITIONS ...... 9 3. METHODOLOGY ...... 10 3.1. INTRODUCTION ...... 10 3.2. THE PURPOSE AND APPROACH OF THE LVIA ...... 11 3.3. STUDY AREA ...... 12 3.4. LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT ...... 12 3.5. LANDSCAPE DESIGNATIONS ...... 14 3.6. LANDSCAPE CAPACITY ...... 14 3.7. ZONE OF THEORETICAL VISIBILITY ...... 15 3.8. PRESENTATION METHODS ...... 16 3.9. LANDSCAPE CHARACTER EFFECTS ...... 17 3.10. VISUAL EFFECTS...... 19 3.11. NATURE OF EFFECT ...... 20 3.12. SIGNIFICANCE OF EFFECT ...... 21 3.13. CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ...... 22 4. THE BASELINE SITUATION...... 24 4.1. INTRODUCTION ...... 24 4.2. THE LANDSCAPE SETTING ...... 24 4.3. LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ...... 28 4.4. LANDSCAPE DESIGNATIONS ...... 35

5. PLANNING POLICY ...... 37 5.1. INTRODUCTION ...... 37 5.2. NATIONAL PLANNING POLICY FRAMEWORK (NPPF) (2012) ...... 37 5.3. WASTE AND MINERALS PLAN (ADOPTED 2013) ...... 38 5.4. LEWES DISTRICT LOCAL PLAN, PART 1 JOINT CORE STRATEGY 2010- 2030 (ADOPTED MAY 2016)...... 39 5.5. SAVED LEWES LOCAL PLAN POLICIES (2003) ...... 40 6. EFFECTS ON LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AND DESIGNATIONS 42 6.1. INTRODUCTION ...... 42 6.2. SOURCES OF IMPACT ...... 43 6.3. DIRECT EFFECTS ON LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ...... 43 6.4. INDIRECT EFFECTS ON LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ...... 45 6.5. LANDSCAPE CAPACITY ...... 46 6.6. EFFECTS ON LANDSCAPE DESIGNATIONS ...... 47 7. ASSESSMENT OF VISUAL EFFECTS ...... 48 7.1. INTRODUCTION ...... 48 7.2. SOURCES OF VISUAL IMPACT ...... 48 7.3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ZONE OF THEORETICAL VISIBILITY (ZTV) AND VIEWPOINT SELECTION ...... 49 7.4. VIEWPOINT LOCATIONS ...... 50 7.5. VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (CLOSE RANGE VIEWS)...... 52 7.6. VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (MEDIUM RANGE VIEWS) ...... 53 7.7. VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (LONG RANGE) ...... 59 7.8. VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (DISTANT VIEWS) ...... 67 7.9. VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SUMMARY) ...... 72 8. MITIGATION ...... 76 8.1. INTRODUCTION ...... 76 8.2. MITIGATION MEASURES INCORPORATED INTO THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT...... 76 8.3. RESIDUAL EFFECTS ...... 77 9. CONCLUSION ...... 78 9.1. THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT ...... 78 9.2. LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ...... 78 9.3. VISUAL EFFECTS ...... 79 9.4. LANDSCAPE CAPACITY ...... 79

FIGURES AND DRAWINGS Desk Review Figures Figure L-DR1: Site Location Plan Figure L-DR2: Landscape Character Classification Figure L-DR3: Landscape Designations and Public Rights of Way Figure L-DR4: Local Character Areas Figure L-DR5: Viewpoint Location Plan, ZTV Mapping and South Downs National Park

Viewpoint Analysis Figures Figure L-V1A: Existing and Baseline - Viewpoint Location 1 From Footpath No. N40b Figure L-V1B: Stage 1 and 2 Figure L-V1C: Stage 3 and 4 Figure L-V2A: Existing and Baseline - Viewpoint Location 2 From Fort Road looking North-east Figure L-V2B: Stage 1 and 2 Figure L-V2C: Stage 3 and 4 Figure L-V2D: Existing and Baseline - From Fort Road looking East Figure L-V2E: Stage 4 Figure L-V3A: Existing and Baseline - Viewpoint Location 3 From car park near Fort Newhaven Figure L-V3B: Stage 1 and 2 Figure L-V3C: Stage 3 and 4 Figure L-V4: Existing View - Viewpoint Location 4 From the Sussex Ouse Valley Way Figure L-V5: Existing View - Viewpoint Location 5 From the A259 (Seaford Road) Figure L-V6: Existing View - Viewpoint Location 6 From Footpath No. S3 Figure L-V7: Existing View - Viewpoint Location 7 From Hurdis Road Figure L-V8A: Existing and Baseline - Viewpoint Location 8 From Footpath No. Sh18b Figure L-V8B: Stage 1 and 2 Figure L-V8C: Stage 3 and 4 Figure L-V9: Existing View - Viewpoint Location 9 From Gibbon Road, Newhaven Figure L-V10: Existing View - Viewpoint Location 10 From Near Bishopstone Railway Station Figure L-V11A: Existing and Baseline - Viewpoint Location 11 From Hill Rise, Seaford Figure L-V11B: Stage 1 and 2 Figure L-V11C: Stage 3 and 4 Figure L-V12-13: Existing Views - Viewpoint Location 12 and 13 From North-east Newhaven Figure L-V14: Existing View - Viewpoint Location 14 From North of Newhaven

Visual Pack Drawings (Appendix 4) Sheet 1 - Viewpoint Location 1: Showing existing view September 2017 and Viewpoint Location 2: Showing existing view September 2017 Sheet 2 - Viewpoint Location 3: Showing existing view September 2017 and Viewpoint Location 4: Showing existing view September 2017 Sheet 3 - Viewpoint Location 1: From Footpath No. N40b, near Tide Mills Sheet 4 - Viewpoint Location 2: From Fort Road, West Quay Sheet 5 - Viewpoint Location 3: From Car Park at Fort Newhaven Sheet 6 - Viewpoint Location 4: From the Sussex Ouse Valley Way near Seaford

Sheet 7 - Viewpoint Location 5: From the A259 (Seaford Road) Sheet 8 - Viewpoint Location 6: From Footpath No. S3 Sheet 9 - Viewpoint Location 7: From Hurdis Road, north-west of Seaford Sheet 10 - Viewpoint Location 8: From Footpath No. Sh18b Sheet 11 - Viewpoint Location 9: From Gibbon Road, Newhaven Sheet 12 - Viewpoint Location 10: From bridge at Bishopstone Railway Station

APPENDICES Appendix 1: Glossary, abbreviations, references and EIA Regulations (Schedule 4: Information for Inclusion in Environmental Statements) (Table 1A to Table 1D) Appendix 2: Extracts from the South Downs Integrated Landscape Character Assessment (ILCA) (2011) (Table 2A) Appendix 3: Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority Landscape Capacity Study (2012) (Table 3A and Drawing PN1081-D4) Appendix 4: Update and review photographs as part of the Visual Pack (September 2017) (Sheet 1 to 12) and Visual Pack Supporting Information (Fieldsheets)

Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1. INTRODUCTION 1.1.1. The following Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment (LVIA) has been undertaken by Bright & Associates (B&A) as part of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) relating to a planning application for the proposed aggregate importation and processing and the preparation and manufacture of value added products at Fisher’s Wharf, East Quay, Newhaven Port. 1.1.2. It has been carried out in adherence with industry guidelines and best practice including the GLVIA Third Edition. The LVIA is compliant with Schedule 4 of The Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2017. 1.1.3. The Proposed Development consists of four separate stages and the construction of the buildings etc. is of temporary or short-term duration and has not been evaluated further in the LVIA. In this instance, the assessment focuses on the nature of the built form itself such as size, scale and the arrangement of buildings. 1.1.4. Given the type and scale of development involved, a study area of approximately 3km from the Site boundary has been adopted which is judged to be a suitable distance to assess the baseline (i.e. landscape setting character, landscape designations) and within which viewpoint locations have been identified.

1.2. THE BASELINE SITUATION 1.2.1. The baseline situation of the Site and environs has been evaluated and described. The Site is located on the eastern side of Newhaven harbour which is used for mixed industrial and port activities close to the mouth of the River Ouse. Industrial buildings (sheds) are situated in the eastern part of the Site and there are large areas of concrete hardstanding to the north and south of the buildings. 1.2.2. The Site already constitutes existing development of similar land use to that being proposed and due to the Consented Port Authority extension area. In addition, the Rampion building which is currently under construction and is adjacent west of the Site.

1.3. LANDSCAPE CHARACTER EFFECTS 1.3.1. At a national level, the Site is located on the edge of the South Downs NCA No.125. The Proposed Development is not of a scale whereby it would notably modify any key characteristics (due to size and diversity) of this particular NCA. Under ‘Drivers of change’, it is noted that there is

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment scope for ‘well-designed developments that contribute to landscape and settlement character ...’ (page 39) 1.3.2. With respect to The East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment (2016) Local Landscape Character Areas (LLCA) are identified and divided into ‘County Landscape Character Areas’ and ‘Urban Areas’. In principle, two LLCAs apply to the Site, namely the Firle Bishopstone Downs LLCA No.21 (County Landscape Character Area) and the Newhaven LLCA No.34 (Urban Area). 1.3.3. However, the scale of mapping and analysis undertaken as part of the 2016 review may have resulted in an error regarding the boundary between the two LLCAs in so far as it affects the Site. B&A have examined this further and taking account of the existing landscape setting and characteristics of the Site and environs, it is evident that it should be categorised within Newhaven LLCA No.34. It should be noted that the review of The East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment (2016) was published prior to several recent planning permissions in the vicinity. 1.3.4. With respect to direct effects on landscape character, the Site has an industrial character and features existing buildings including sheds, porta cabins and large areas of concrete hardstanding. Stage 4 of the Proposed Development will be located within the consented Port Authority Extension area. 1.3.5. For Stage 1 to 3, given the type and scale of development, there will be virtually no effect on the existing baseline situation, in terms of landscape character and quality. Due to the Low landscape sensitivity, there will be a Negligible magnitude of impact and significance of effect. In Stage 4, there will be a slight effect on landscape character albeit within the context of permitted development i.e. the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area (reference LW/15/0034) which has already established the principle of development in this part of the Newhaven LLCA. However, Negligible magnitude of impact and significance of effect will be relevant. 1.3.6. The same ratings would apply to the indirect effects on the landscape character of the Firle Bishopstone Downs LLCA No.21 which is assumed to directly adjoin the Site on its eastern boundary.

1.4. LANDSCAPE DESIGNATIONS 1.4.1. The Site is not located within a statutory or non-statutory designated area. 1.4.2. The South Downs National Park has a Very High sensitivity given its designation, although due to the geographic location of existing and permitted development along the River Ouse at Newhaven, the core central areas such as open downland etc. are found at some distance from the Site. Accordingly, the sensitivity in this instance is rated as Medium to High. 1.4.3. Potential effects resulting from Stage 1 to 4 of the Proposed Development will be restricted in such areas, given the type and scale of each Stage involved and in light of the current baseline situation.

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1.5. VISUAL EFFECTS 1.5.1. In total, fourteen viewpoint locations are presented as part of the LVIA and receptors include residents, footpath and bridleway users, visitors (e.g. to tourist attractions) and road users. Photomontages have been prepared for five viewpoint locations, No’s 1 to 3, 8 and 11. 1.5.2. Visual receptors include residents, footpath users, visitors (e.g. to tourist attractions) and road users. 1.5.3. It was determined that the likely effects on visual receptors is limited during Stage 1 to 3, and the magnitude of change from the baseline situation ranges broadly from Negligible to Small. The latter would typically apply when new or additional elements are introduced which would constitute only a minor component of the wider view and such changes would not affect the overall quality of the scene. In all such cases, significance of effect was Moderate or more commonly lower and the nature of effect was neutral. 1.5.4. Higher levels did occur in relation to Stage 4 due primarily to the concrete block plant (building) which resulted in a Small-Medium or Medium magnitude of change. In some cases a Moderate significance of effect was determined as a worst case where direct views can be gained. Otherwise significance of effect was lower and in all cases, the resultant nature of effect was neutral. 1.5.5. Field work undertaken as part of the LVIA found that the following aspects are of importance and limits the potential effects resulting from the Proposed Development:  The Site has existing industrial uses which are also found in close proximity;  The Site is located in an area of low lying land which includes the port area. Consequently, potential views of the Proposed Development can be obscured due to existing built form and due to the lack of elevated views to the north and north-west of Newhaven;  The existing land uses found along the River Ouse in Newhaven are an important factor for views east of the Site. The Proposed Development will be seen within the existing port area and given the location of Stage 1 to Stage 3, elements such as the aggregate processing plant and cement silos etc. are seen against a back drop of rising ground comprising trees, open grassland and primarily residential development, on the western side of the River Ouse;

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment  In Stage 4, the concrete block making plant (building) will be arranged on an east to west alignment and close to the other Stages of the Proposed Development. Palisade fencing will filter direct views of the lower elevations of the building and the storage areas. The cladding of the building will primarily be brown in colour on the eastern and southern façades. For easterly views (close and medium range), the difference in colour offers a break in the overall mass of the industrial buildings currently found in the port area. It will mitigate the coalescence of the existing building style and will be more visually appealing. Stage 4 will replace the developable area identified through the Consented Port Authority extension area and although exact details regarding the built form of the latter are not currently available, it is reasonable to assume that other buildings would be constructed up to the southern boundary; and  With respect to potential views from the South Downs National Park, given the type and scale of development, industrial land uses established in the port area, combined with the lack of elevated locations; only limited views of Stage 1 to 4 of the Proposed Development would be available. Furthermore, potential views from the edge of the South Downs National Park might be considered not as sensitive to those in less modified landscapes at further distance from coastal areas and industrial development.

1.6. LANDSCAPE CAPACITY 1.6.1. Landscape capacity relates to the landscape character sensitivity as well as value and is also informed by the effects upon the visual amenity. 1.6.2. The Proposed Development will be located in the port area and the effects such as they have been predicted will bring about a change to the Site. The proposed aggregate processing plant, concrete block plant (building), conveyors and cement silos etc. will be in keeping with existing industrial uses. They are of a type and scale which will adhere to existing land uses and the identified effects described in the LVIA, are not overbearing upon the current features of landscape value or in visual terms. 1.6.3. In this regard, it can be concluded that there is sufficient ‘capacity’ to enable the Proposed Development without significant adverse effects to both the character and value of the adjoining landscape.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

2. INTRODUCTION

2.1. APPOINTMENT AND SCOPE OF WORK 2.1.1. Bright & Associates (B&A) has been appointed by the Brett Group (the Applicant) to undertake a Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment (LVIA) as part of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) relating to a planning application for the proposed aggregate importation and processing and the preparation and manufacture of value added products at Fisher’s Wharf, East Quay, Newhaven Port. 2.1.2. The Development Site (the Site) is identified by Figure L-DR1: Site Location Plan. Full details, including technical specifications of the Proposed Development are provided in the Supporting Statement and sets out the basis against which this assessment has been carried out. 2.1.3. The purpose and approach of the LVIA is to determine the main impacts of the Proposed Development upon landscape character, landscape designations and visual receptors against a defined baseline situation. It then determines the consequences and identifies what the nature of these effects are likely to be. This report provides details on the methodology adopted and the results of the assessment. 2.1.4. The Proposed Development consists of four separate stages and the construction of the buildings etc. is of temporary or short-term duration and has not been evaluated further in the LVIA. In this instance, the assessment focuses on the nature of the built form itself such as size, scale and the arrangement of buildings. 2.1.5. The LVIA is compliant with Schedule 4 of The Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2017.1 A summary of aspects covered in the report and those not applicable can be found in Appendix 1 (Table 1D). It is understood that direct reference to the contents of an LVIA was not made in the Scoping Report issued by East Sussex County Council to the Applicant.

2.2. DESIGN PROCESS AND CONSULTATION 2.2.1. In summer 2017, B&A evaluated a simplified form of the concrete block plant (building) which forms part of Stage 4 of the Proposed Development. This is an important aspect of the approach to the iterative process of assessment, design and the consideration of different options and consequential landscape and visual effects. Following which, B&A identified an opportunity for an improved scheme to provide enhanced landscape and visual effects.

1 The Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2017, Schedule 4 Regulation 18(3) Information for Inclusion in Environmental Statements, came into force 16 May 2017

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 2.2.2. Subsequently, the architects, Corstorphine+Wright assisted in the design process and the proposals for the concrete block making plant (building) in Stage 4 have evolved. The Supporting Statement provides detailed information regarding the design being proposed. Consultation has included a public exhibition held by the Applicants in July 2017 and the final design takes account of concerns raised through the early public liaison process.

2.3. THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT 2.3.1. The Site currently consists of industrial buildings (sheds) as well as large areas of concrete hardstanding and permitted development through the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area (consent reference LW/15/0034). 2.3.2. For this LVIA, the baseline situation encompasses the above and other planning consents in the vicinity including the Rampion Operation & Maintenance Facility and the Newhaven Port Access Road (NPAR). Details of which are included in Section 4: The Baseline Situation. 2.3.3. The Proposed Development is divided into Stage 1 to 4. The Stages described below take account of the baseline situation together with the timeline, location, layout and dimensions of the proposed and also the existing (retained) buildings within the Site. 2.3.4. Stage 1 (2018) Aggregate processing and bagging: situated towards the northern part of the Site. Comprising an aggregate processing plant (18.5m high) and conveyor (12m high). A Bagged Aggregate Distribution (BAD) storage area and aggregate storage area are sited adjacent to the north and east respectively. The bagging plant will be housed within an existing building. 2.3.5. Stage 2 (2019) Aggregate storage and siding: continuing as above in Stage 1. The Stage 2 development would be located in the central (entailing a proposed rail extension) and western parts of the Site. The latter comprises a conveyor (12m high) and a BAD storage area. 2.3.6. Stage 3 (2020) Concrete batching plant: continuing as above in Stage 1 and 2. Stage 3 is located in the central part of the Site and comprises cement silos 18.5m high. This Stage encompasses the completion of the works to provide Stage 2 of the NPAR and the indicative routes from the Site to the NPAR are shown on Figure 1 of the Supporting Statement. 2.3.7. Stage 4 (2020) Concrete block making plant: continuing as above in Stage 1 to Stage 3. Stage 4 is situated within an area that is currently permitted for development under the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area (consent reference LW/15/0034).

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 2.3.8. The architects, Corstorphine+Wright have designed the concrete block plant (building) on an east to west alignment to mitigate key views including from the western side of Newhaven harbour and to the east of the Site from the beach area. It is understood that it will be constructed from a combination of metal cladding systems including corten steel mesh and zinc. The cladding will primarily be brown in colour on the eastern and southern façades and grey shaded on the western and northern frontages. An administrative office will be incorporated and car parking facilities sited immediately to the south. The block storage area is adjacent south and a 2.2m high palisade fence will filter direct views of the concrete block making plant (building) and storage area. 2.3.9. The concrete block plant (building) will be 15m high along the southern frontage of the building due to the inclined roof structure and sloping to 12.5metres, with other parts of the building 10metres high The building will be 75m long and between 30 and 45m wide, to facilitate the cement silos (12.5m high). By contrast the permitted buildings are assumed to be 55x40metres and up to 13.5metre high, although in reality this might vary (larger and indeed smaller) in the detailed building design stage.

2.4. REPORT STRUCTURE 2.4.1. This report is divided into the following Sections. 2.4.2. Section 1 (Executive Summary) provides the main findings of the report. 2.4.3. Section 2 (Introduction) offers background information including a brief outline of the design and consultation process and the Proposed Development for the purpose of the LVIA. 2.4.4. Section 3 (Methodology) explains the approach adopted for the LVIA which is compliant with Schedule 4 of The Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2017. 2.4.5. Section 4 (The Baseline Situation) presents a description of the existing features that affect the visibility of the Site and its context within the surrounding landscape. Further details are provided regarding planning consents that are relevant to the LVIA, including with reference to the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area, the Rampion Operation & Maintenance Facility and the Newhaven Port Access Road (NPAR). Existing published Landscape Character Assessments are examined and B&A has evaluated landscape character at a local level. Landscape, environmental and cultural heritage designations within the study area which are applicable to the purpose of the LVIA are identified. 2.4.6. Section 5 (Planning Policy) summarises current planning policy relevant to the LVIA and primarily concerns landscape character and good design. 2.4.7. Section 6 (Effects on Landscape Character and Designations) considers the potential effects resulting from the separate Stages 1 to 4 of the Proposed Development on landscape character and landscape designations associated with the Site and/or study area.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 2.4.8. Section 7 (Assessment of Visual Effects) deliberates the extent of visibility of the separate Stages 1 to 4 of the Proposed Development alongside evaluating the wider effects upon visual amenity, the fabric of the Site and adjacent land. It scrutinises potential visual effects for a range of receptors including residents, footpath users, visitors (e.g. to tourist attractions) and road users. 2.4.9. Section 8 (Mitigation) summarises the mitigation measures included in the Proposed Development and identifies any residual effects remaining after mitigation. 2.4.10. Section 9 (Conclusion) provides an overview of the results from the LVIA. 2.4.11. Reference is made in this report to the following Figures:  Figure L-DR1: Site Location Plan;  Figure L-DR2: Landscape Character Classification;  Figure L-DR3: Landscape Designations and Public Rights of Way;  Figure L-DR4: Local Character Areas; and  Figure L-DR5: Viewpoint Location Plan, ZTV Mapping and South Downs National Park. 2.4.12. With respect to Viewpoint Analysis, Figures L-V1A to L-V14 show the fourteen viewpoint locations used for the Visual Impact Assessment in Section 7: Assessment of Visual Effects. 2.4.13. Photomontages have been prepared for five viewpoint locations, No’s 1 to 3, 8 and 11. The relevant Figures (L-V1A to L-V3A, L-V8A and L-V11A) demonstrate the existing view and baseline situation with illustrative elements (post construction) relating to the Rampion Operation & Maintenance Facility, the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area (e.g. the consented Port Authority extension area, buildings and cranes) and the permitted route of the Newhaven Port Access Road (NPAR). Stage 1 to 4 of the Proposed Development (post construction) are shown on subsequent Figures (LV1-B etc.). 2.4.14. It should be noted that the photographs used for Figures L-V1A to L-V14 and the photomontages were taken in summer 2016 apart from for Viewpoint Location 6 (September 2017). A Visual Pack showing photographs of existing views of Viewpoint Locations 1 to 10 taken in September 2017 is provided in Appendix 4 of the LVIA (Sheet 1 to Sheet 12). 2.4.15. Appendices referred to in this report comprise:  Appendix 1: Glossary, abbreviations, references and EIA Regulations (Schedule 4: Information for Inclusion in Environmental Statements) (Table 1A to Table 1D);

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment  Appendix 2: Extracts from the South Downs Integrated Landscape Character Assessment (ILCA) (2011) (Table 2A);  Appendix 3: Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority Landscape Capacity Study (2012) (Table 3A and Drawing PN1081-D4); and  Appendix 4: Update and review photographs as part of the Visual Pack (September 2017) (Sheet 1 to 12) and Visual Pack Supporting Information (Fieldsheets). 2.4.16. Footnotes in the text provide references where applicable and a list of reference sources is included in Appendix 1 (Table 1C). 2.4.17. B&A previously carried out work in relation to the Site in summer 2016 and completed an initial assessment of an earlier proposal on behalf of the Applicant.

2.5. DEFINITIONS 2.5.1. The Site refers to the Development Site boundary shown on Figure L- DR1: Site Location Plan and subsequent Figures where appropriate. 2.5.2. The Proposed Development concerns the proposed aggregate importation and processing and the preparation and manufacture of value added products at Fisher’s Wharf, East Quay, Newhaven Port. The Proposed Development is divided into four separate Stages 1 to 4 and technical specifications are available in the Supporting Statement. 2.5.3. The Rampion building refers to the main building of the Rampion Operation & Maintenance Facility, west of the Site and is illustrated (post construction) on the photomontages provided. 2.5.4. The consented Port Authority extension area, associated buildings and mobile crane operations are some of the illustrative elements from the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area that are shown (post construction) on the photomontages provided. 2.5.5. NPAR applies to the Newhaven Port Access Road which is broadly north- east of the Site and is illustrated (post construction) on the photomontages provided.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

3. METHODOLOGY

3.1. INTRODUCTION 3.1.1. This Section details the Methodology applied to the assessment of landscape and visual effects. The Methodology employed is site specific and relates to the Proposed Development (Stage 1-4) for the proposed aggregate importation and processing and the preparation and manufacture of value added products at Fisher’s Wharf, East Quay, Newhaven Port. 3.1.2. The LVIA is compliant with Schedule 4 of The Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2017. A summary of aspects covered in the report and those not applicable can be found in Appendix 1, Table 1D: EIA Regulations (Schedule 4: Information for Inclusion in Environmental Statements). 3.1.3. Guidance for the undertaking of the LVIA has been sourced from (in date order):  Landscape Advice Note 01/11 Photography and Photomontage in Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment, Landscape Institute (2011)2;  An Approach to Seascape Character Assessment, Natural England Commissioned Report NECR105, Natural England and LDA Design (2012)3;  Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment (Third Edition), referred to as the ‘GLVIA Third Edition’ in this report, published by the Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (2013) 4;  Landscape and seascape character assessments (online guidance), Natural England and Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) (2014)5;  An Approach to Landscape Character Assessment, Natural England (2014) 6;

2 Landscape Advice Note 01/11 Photography and Photomontage in Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment, Landscape Institute, 2011 3 An Approach to Seascape Character Assessment, Natural England Commissioned Report NECR105, Natural England and LDA Design, 2012 4 Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment (Third Edition), Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment, 2013 5 United Kingdom Government, https://www.gov.uk/guidance/landscape-and-seascape-character-assessments, sourced August 2017 6 An Approach to Landscape Character Assessment, Natural England, October 2014

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment  Visual Representation of Wind Farms, Guidance, Version 2.2, Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) (2017)7; and  Visual Representation of Development Proposals, Technical Guidance Note 02/17, Landscape Institute (2017).8

3.2. THE PURPOSE AND APPROACH OF THE LVIA 3.2.1. The Methodology is based on best practice guidance associated with undertaking LVIAs. Appendix 1 (Table 1A) includes a list of words and phrases specific to this assessment and more commonly used in the LVIA process. 3.2.2. The purpose and approach of the LVIA is to determine the main impacts of the Proposed Development upon landscape character, landscape designations and visual receptors against a defined baseline situation. It then determines the consequences and identifies what the nature of these effects are likely to be. The Site already constitutes existing development of similar land use and due to the Consented Port Authority extension area. The baseline situation is set out in Section 4 of this report. 3.2.3. The LVIA considers and describes the main landscape and visual impacts which are likely to arise from the Proposed Development and generally assumes that an impact could lead to a beneficial, adverse or neutral effect. The definition of impact terminology has been developed to ensure that, wherever possible, an objective assessment has been made and that the terminology used is appropriate to the Proposed Development and the current baseline situation. 3.2.4. Given the baseline situation, the assessment represents a ‘worst case scenario’ and assumes close scrutiny of the Proposed Development. The changes identified are mostly likely to be of small scale due to the individual Stages involved and the resultant effects to be of a neutral nature. 3.2.5. In adherence with industry guidance (the GLVIA Third Edition), a distinction is made between the ‘impact’ (the action being taken) and ‘effect’ (the change resulting from that action) that the Proposed Development might have upon the landscape and visual amenity. 3.2.6. Current guidelines advise that the assessment of a particular development should take full account of the landscape (character) impacts as well as the potential visual impacts. Although they are separate, it is difficult to isolate each category and so both are considered as part of the assessment process.

7 Visual Representation of Wind Farms, Guidance, Version 2.2, Scottish Natural Heritage, February 2017 8 Visual Representation of Development Proposals, Technical Guidance Note 02/17, Landscape Institute, March 2017

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 3.2.7. The assessment of landscape and visual impacts involves three steps:  Determining the sensitivity of the landscape or viewer group (i.e. the receptor) to the type of change envisaged;  Predicting the magnitude of change that would take place in the landscape or view; and  Evaluating the significance of that change, taking into account the sensitivity of the affected receptor and the magnitude of change. 3.2.8. A narrative approach is used to describe and assess the likely changes. Table 6: Predicted Significance of Landscape/Visual Effects at the end of this Section presents the matrix employed as a guide for consistency of analysis for landscape and visual effects.

3.3. STUDY AREA 3.3.1. The study area is defined in this LVIA as the distance from the Development Site (the Site) boundary within which the landscape or visual effects might be deemed as being of potential significance and thus relevant to the assessment process. 3.3.2. Given the type and scale of development involved, a study area of approximately 3km from the Site boundary has been adopted which is judged to be a suitable distance to assess the baseline (i.e. landscape setting character, landscape designations) and within which viewpoint locations have been identified. 3.3.3. Unless otherwise stated, direction and distances quoted in the text and shown on the accompanying Figures are from the Site boundary, where the main areas of built form such as buildings and conveyors are located during Stage 1 to 4. 3.3.4. The ‘immediate vicinity’ is defined as up to c.100m. Figure L-DR1: Site Location Plan and subsequent Figures where applicable, show the distance markers from the Site boundary which are classified as follows: close range (up to 150m), medium range (up to 500m), long range (up to 1.5km) and distant (beyond 1.5km). 3.3.5. Site assessment and field work were conducted in September 2016 and in September 2017. The initial desk study was undertaken in September 2016 and then reviewed and updated in August 2017.

3.4. LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT 3.4.1. The combining facets of a landscape set one area apart from another, making its character unique to the people who both live in or visit the area. Recognition of this character variation requires an understanding of such influences that give different areas a unique 'sense of place'.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 3.4.2. The GLVIA Third Edition notes that baseline studies and site reviews help to evaluate and identify the character, elements and features of the landscape as well as aesthetic and perceptual factors which contribute to it. Where possible, consideration should also be given to the value attached to it. The GLVIA Third Edition echoes the European Landscape Convention (ELC) which was introduced in the UK in March 2007.9 There is an acknowledgement that although the value accorded to landscape receptors will reflect landscape designations, there should not be an over- reliance on such designations as the only indicator of value. 3.4.3. In rural areas, Landscape Character Assessment is identified in the GLVIA Third Edition as a key tool to understand the landscape and includes relevant descriptions of the physical influences, human activity and aesthetic qualities. The GLVIA Third Edition affirms that published documents need to be reviewed according to their relevance to the current characteristics, for instance due to their quality, date of publication or the task in hand. 3.4.4. The value and perception of these characteristics is set out in the same source (GLVIA Third Edition, Box 5.1) and factors that assist in the understanding of rural landscapes may comprise the following: the condition of the landscape (landscape quality), scenic quality, rarity, representativeness, conservation interests, recreational value, perceptual aspects and associations. Effects then can be judged by reference to a partial or complete loss of elements and features, additional new elements and features and the combination of these on the overall character. 3.4.5. The different levels of Landscape Character Assessment are addressed in Section 4: The Baseline Situation. In summary, these are as follows:  South Downs National Character Area (NCA) No.12510;  The East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment (2016) which identifies Local Landscape Character Areas (LLCA) and are divided into ‘County Landscape Character Areas’ and ‘Urban Areas’11; and  The South Downs Integrated Landscape Character Assessment (ILCA) (2011) classifies Landscape Types (LT) and Landscape Character Areas (LCA).12

9 The European Landscape Convention (adopted 2000, came into force in 2007 – The Council of Europe Treaty Series No.176) 10 NCA Profile:125: South Downs (NE432), Natural England, 2013 11 East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment, East Sussex County Council, 2016 12 South Downs Integrated Landscape Character Assessment (Updated), Prepared for the South Downs Joint Committee, in partnership with the Countryside Agency, English Heritage, Hampshire County Council, West Sussex County Council and East Hampshire District Council by Land Use Consultants, December 2005 (Updated 2011)

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 3.4.6. Figure L-DR2: Landscape Character Classification illustrates the relevant LLCAs etc. With reference to The East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment (2016), B&A has examined the mapping and information available in further detail. A variation in the LLCA boundary applicable to the Site has been determined and is described in Section 4: The Baseline Situation. 3.4.7. Further to the above and in order to provide a better understanding of the current landscape character of the Site and environs within c.1.5km, B&A has evaluated landscape character at a more detailed level. Figure L-DR4: Local Character Areas demonstrates the Local Landscape Characters identified. This is primarily based on current landuse, field work observations relating to visual amenity and the landscape setting. It incorporates planning consents such as the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area (reference LW/15/0034). 3.4.8. Given the study area examined for the LVIA, other reports referred to include the Seascape Assessment for the South Marine Plan Areas: Technical Report (2014)13 and the Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority Landscape Capacity Study (2012).14 In the GLVIA Third Edition, landscape sensitivity and capacity studies are mentioned as providing useful background data but an emphasis should be placed on the receptors involved and development proposal in question. (GLVIA Third Edition, Paragraph 5.43)

3.5. LANDSCAPE DESIGNATIONS 3.5.1. Figure L-DR3: Landscape Designations and Public Rights of Way identifies the landscape designations within the study area in so far as they are relevant to the purpose of the LVIA and these are expanded upon in Section 4: The Baseline Situation. The same Figure shows any relevant footpaths, bridleways etc. and National Route 2 (cycleway) which passes through the study area. 3.5.2. Only landscape, environmental and cultural heritage designations which contribute to a sense of place and/or signify an amenity value for receptors (e.g. footpath users and visitors) have been reviewed such as Conservation Areas and Local Nature Reserves.

3.6. LANDSCAPE CAPACITY 3.6.1. Landscape capacity relates to the landscape character sensitivity as well as value and is also informed by the effects upon the visual amenity. It provides an understanding of whether the predicted effects upon the character would be in keeping or not within the current landscape setting. It constitutes an all-encompassing consideration of whether a landscape might be capable of development whilst the essential qualities of the wider landscape character remain unchanged.

13 The Seascape Assessment for the South Marine Plan Areas: Technical Report, Marine Management Organisation, 2014 14 Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority Landscape Capacity Study, Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority, September 2012

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 3.7. ZONE OF THEORETICAL VISIBILITY 3.7.1. Figure L-DR5: Viewpoint Location Plan, ZTV Mapping and South Downs National Park shows the Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) mapping. 3.7.2. The ZTV calculations were undertaken at the preliminary stage of the LVIA to identify the broad area of potential visual effects and whether the elements of the Proposed Development such as the conveyor and concrete block plant (building) etc. would have a different ZTV pattern. 3.7.3. The calculations have been determined using Ordnance Survey's Land- Form PANORAMA data. The analysis software used is Key TERRA- FIRMA and the assessment settings assume a viewer height of 1.7m with an analysis search distance of 100m (maximum). Analysis started at 100m from the source location and was limited to a maximum range of 3km radius. Primary areas of residential settlement were mapped at 8m high as a single area block rather than as individual properties. Built industrial areas were mapped at 10m high and as single area blocks rather than individual buildings. 3.7.4. In the first instance, a ZTV analysis was set to define the potential maximum area of visibility by using ground landform data only and did not account for residential settlement or industrial buildings and is mapped on Figure L-DR5 (red lines). Further ZTV analysis processes were then completed to determine the potential area and range of the following elements (with maximum height assumed): upper conveyor 16m high, the upper concrete block plant (building), 18.5m high and the upper part of the aggregate processing plant and concrete block making plant 18.5m high. 3.7.5. The initial ZTV analysis described above was beneficial to establish potential visibility within residential areas and the viewpoint locations examined in Section 7: Assessment of Visual Effects, take into account potential views from these areas. 3.7.6. When referring to the ZTV, it is evident that the Site visibility for each Stage is very similar based on current building heights etc. However, the proportion of visibility differs, for instance Stage 1 comprises an aggregate processing plant and conveyor and is located in the central part of the Site close to existing built form. Whilst the bagging plant will be housed within an existing building. Therefore, Stage 1 is far less visually apparent than Stage 4 which features the concrete block plant (building). The ZTV does not reflect such aspects and further assessment would need to be conducted. It should also be noted that the initial design, including the height of the concrete block plant (building) and its location was used for the ZTV and not the final design by architects, Corstorphine+Wright. Having examined the height and position of the concrete block plant (building) in further detail, this will not greatly alter the ZTV presented as part of the LVIA. 3.7.7. Further details regarding the ZTV and viewpoint selection is provided in Section 7: Assessment of Visual Effects.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 3.8. PRESENTATION METHODS 3.8.1. All photographs included in the LVIA were taken with a Canon EOS 7D camera. at focal length of between c.70mm to 75mm as this better illustrate the field of view experienced in real time. Thus the panoramic views formed from spliced photographs do remove some of the foreground view to better depict the essence of the scene. However direct site review is recommended and the Visual Pack is provided for assistance I this regard. 3.8.2. The photographs are presented as a panoramic view to show the context of the scene experienced in real time. They are joined together using Autopano Pro software using a cylindrical projection. The photographs are not depicted at a specific viewing distance but are generally scaled so that they represent a standard 100x150mm printed photograph. 3.8.3. Figures L-V1A to L-V14 show the fourteen viewpoint locations used for the Visual Impact Assessment in Section 7: Assessment of Visual Effects. Photomontages have been prepared for the five viewpoint locations listed below:  Viewpoint Location 1: From Footpath No. N40b;  Viewpoint Location 2: From Fort Road looking North-east and From Fort Road looking East;  Viewpoint Location 3: From car park near Fort Newhaven;  Viewpoint Location 8: From Footpath No. Sh18b; and  Viewpoint Location 11: From Hill Rise, Seaford. 3.8.4. Photomontages have been prepared for five viewpoint locations, No’s 1 to 3, 8 and 11. The relevant Figures (L-V1A to L-V3A, L-V8A and L-V11A) demonstrate the existing view and baseline situation with illustrative elements (post construction) relating to the Rampion Operation & Maintenance Facility, the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area (e.g. the consented Port Authority extension area, buildings and cranes) and the permitted route of the Newhaven Port Access Road (NPAR). Stage 1 to 4 of the Proposed Development (post construction) are shown on subsequent Figures (LV1-B etc.). 3.8.5. The photomontages have been prepared for an accurate illustration by using software that fixes the 3D model to the correct focal length of each photograph prior to being stitched together. 3.8.6. As mentioned previously, the photographs used for Figures L-V1A to L- V14 and the photomontages were taken in summer 2016 apart from for Viewpoint location 6 (September 2017). A Visual Pack showing photographs of existing views of Viewpoint Locations 1 to 10 taken in September 2017 is provided in Appendix 4 of the LVIA (Sheet 1 to Sheet 12). The same Appendix includes supporting information including a fieldsheet for each viewpoint location (1 to 14). The fieldsheets were

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment undertaken during the Site assessment and are a means to record and act as an aide-memoir to indicate the presence of a wide range of components, features and characteristics from a specific viewpoint location by the Assessor. A differentiation has been made between aspects concerning the Site, principal features (relating to the foreground or skyline) and secondary features (generally applicable to the middle ground). The relevant landscape character area or type is noted. 3.8.7. It should be noted that the photographs in the visual pack are industry standard 50mm and presented as a single full frame. 3.8.8. Having reviewed the photographs included in the LVIA, those illustrated from the earlier Site visit in 2016 are relevant and comparable to the assessment of the Site undertaken in 2017. Apart from the Rampion building that is undergoing construction, the essential features of the Site and vicinity have remained consistent and no substantive alteration has taken place. During the Site visit in September 2017, it was noted that the appearance of the partially completed Rampion building is well matched in terms of colour, material and location as shown in the photomontages. As a result, updated photographs have been included in Appendix 4 for viewpoint locations 1 to 4 for reference purposes.

3.9. LANDSCAPE CHARACTER EFFECTS 3.9.1. The assessment of landscape character effects describes the key characteristics of the landscape and the likely nature and scale of changes to landscape elements and characteristics; and the consequential effect on the landscape character. 3.9.2. The GLVIA Third Edition states that both landscape susceptibility and landscape value should be considered with respect to landscape sensitivity. It advocates the consideration of ‘susceptibility to change’ as part of the evaluation of receptor sensitivity and is defined in paragraph 5.40 as ‘… the ability of the landscape receptor (whether it be the overall character or quality/condition of a particular landscape type or area, or an individual element and/or feature, or a particular aesthetic and perceptual aspect) to accommodate the proposed development without undue consequences for the maintenance of the baseline situation and/or the achievement of landscape planning policies and strategies’. 3.9.3. Sensitivity of the landscape helps to determine how development of a particular site may lead to a high or low change in the overall characteristics. For this LVIA, sensitivity may be High, Medium or Low, with two further categories for exceptional situations of Very High or Very Low and is summarised in Table 1.

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SENSITIVITY DESCRIPTION

Where key characteristics, elements and associated uses are very vulnerable to change and cannot absorb development without significant alteration to the Very High character itself. Thresholds for significant change are very low. This would apply to landscapes of designated value such as National Parks and where the principal management objective is to conserve existing character. Where the key characteristics, elements and associated uses are vulnerable to High change and/or enhancement and where development can only be absorbed in limited situations. The thresholds for significant change are low. Where the key characteristics, elements and associated uses of the landscape are Medium susceptible to change but have the ability to absorb development in some situations. Thresholds for significant change are intermediate. Where key characteristics, elements and associated uses are resilient to change Low and can absorb development in many situations without significant character change. Where the key characteristics, elements and associated uses are robust and are able to accommodate development without significant character change. This Very Low would apply to landscapes undergoing regeneration or with management objectives focused on landscape change.

3.9.4. The magnitude of impact relates to the scale of the changes in terms of the effects upon the landscape character of the Site (direct effects) and also the surrounding environs (indirect effects) such as relating to the South Downs National Park. 3.9.5. The magnitude of impact applied ranges from Very Large to Negligible and is defined as follows in Table 2. Table 2: Landscape (Magnitude of Impact)

MAGNITUDE DESCRIPTION

Where the development will cause large-scale changes many to important Very Large landscape characteristics. Where the development will cause some large-scale changes to several landscape Large characteristics. Medium Where the development will cause a change to several landscape characteristics. Where the development will cause a change to a limited number of landscape Small-Medium characteristics. Where the development will cause small-scale changes to a limited number of Small landscape characteristics. Where the development will cause very small-scale changes to a limited number of Very Small landscape characteristics. Negligible Where the development will cause little or no appreciable change. 3.9.6. Consequently, a combination of the sensitivity of the landscape and the magnitude of the impact determines the significance of effect. In line with the GLVIA Third Edition, final conclusions regarding the significance of effect specifically concern the development in question. For this LVIA, Stages 1 to 4 are evaluated individually and the assessment takes into account the project lifecycle and the combined effect of the Stages involved.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 3.9.7. Generally, a more significant effect would apply to the permanent loss of mature elements. A less significant effect involves the loss of uniform and homogenous elements and features or where there is a more degraded character and less associated value. This is judged against the current baseline situation presented in Section 4 of the LVIA.

3.10. VISUAL EFFECTS 3.10.1. The assessment of significance of visual effects is approached in a similar manner to that previously described for landscape character. The sensitivity of the viewer (receptor) is defined according to the type of receptor and ranges from Very High to Very Low and is summarised in Table 3. Table 3: Visual (Sensitivity)

SENSITIVITY DESCRIPTION

Visitors to nationally advertised attractions where visual amenity is very important Very High to its enjoyment or footpath users on National Trails. From residential properties (ground floor locations/gardens), an established viewing point, or recognised public location for which the sensitivity of visual High amenity is noted as being of a higher rating and includes views from the Sussex Ouse Valley Way, east of the Site. Residential locations not associated with a High sensitivity as described above, Medium footpath, bridleway and byway users including routes on the edge of the South Downs National Park and road users on the general road network. Road users on the A259 (Seaford Road). The same level of sensitivity applies to a Low place of work or recreation facilities (e.g. golf course) as the action takes place with less reference to external influences. People travelling along direct fast transport routes where context and view Very Low changes rapidly (e.g. motorway, railway). 3.10.2. The magnitude of the visibility is rated from Very Large to Negligible and is defined in Table 4. Table 4: Visual (Magnitude of Impact)

MAGNITUDE DESCRIPTION

Where new or additional elements are introduced and the development is wholly Very Large dominant and intrusive within the context of the available view. Where the development would introduce new or additional elements which would Large form a significant and immediately apparent aspect of the scene and would affect the overall impression of the view. Where the development would introduce new or additional elements and forms a Medium recognisable change to the amenity but is not intrusive within the overall scene. Where the development would introduce new or additional elements and brings Small-Medium about an identifiable change to the amenity but does not affect the overall quality of the scene. Where the development would introduce new or additional elements but would Small constitute only a minor component of the wider view which the casual observer could miss or where awareness does not affect the overall quality of the scene. Where only a very small part of the development is discernible or in cases where Very Small the effects are scarcely appreciated, for example, due to the angle of view or distance involved. Negligible Where the development will not materially alter the existing view.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 3.10.3. The significance is then determined by comparing the magnitude and sensitivity in a consistent manner. 3.10.4. In the GLVIA Third Edition, paragraph 6.38 states that ‘Each of the visual effects identified needs to be evaluated in terms of its size or scale, the geographical extent of the area influenced, and its duration and reversibility’. When judging the magnitude of the visual effects, consideration should be given to the scale of the change in the view and changes in its composition, the degree of contrast or integration of any new features together with the nature of the view encompassing the proposal. This may include the relative amount of time over which it will be experienced and whether there will be full, partial or glimpsed view. (GLVIA Third Edition, Paragraph 6.39) 3.10.5. For this LVIA, Stages 1 to 4 are evaluated individually and the assessment takes into account the project lifecycle and the combined effect of the Stages involved.

3.11. NATURE OF EFFECT 3.11.1. It is not the assumption of this LVIA that all change is adverse. Rather, it seeks to give objective consideration from the outset that the nature of effect can be beneficial or adverse and in some cases neutral. 3.11.2. Current guidance (GLVIA Third Edition) has also noted that ‘It is also possible for effects to be neutral in their consequences for the landscape. An informed professional judgement should be made about this and the criteria used in reaching the judgement should be clearly stated. They might include, but should not be restricted to:  The degree to which the proposal fits with existing character; and  The contribution to the landscape that the development may make in its own right, usually by virtue of good design, even if it is in contrast to existing character’. (Paragraph 5.37) 3.11.3. This LVIA gives objective consideration to both landscape and visual effects with regard to the context, visual composition and the way in which the view is experienced; considering from the beginning that either an adverse or beneficial nature of effect may take place. It also recognises that if part of the Proposed Development such as an individual Stage can be assimilated into the landscape or is not visually overbearing and intrusive, it will not necessarily result in an adverse effect. 3.11.4. The above is important in relation to the Site, given current land use and the location of the Site within the port area which has a range of existing industrial buildings. Changes may occur and be visible which are acceptable due to their scale and type. The baseline situation is an important aspect in understanding the nature of effect, namely that if a site is already permitted or includes elements similar to that being proposed, then the changes may be very small and nature of effect may be neutral.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 3.11.5. Neutral effects may also occur when the proposals are unlikely to be identified immediately in terms of adversely affecting the characteristics or where they do not constitute an intrusive element in the overall visual amenity; this may apply when views are partially screened or at distance. Professional judgement and assumptions are applied to whether this affects the magnitude of impact as a result.

3.12. SIGNIFICANCE OF EFFECT 3.12.1. The significance of a landscape or visual effect is a function of the sensitivity of the affected landscape or visual receptors, the magnitude of change that they will experience and the nature of the effect. The degree of significance of landscape and visual effects are unique to a particular proposal. 3.12.2. Table 5 and 6 demonstrate the principles applied to assess the significance. Although where exceptions occur, professional judgement and assumptions are applied. For example, where magnitude of impact is identified as Small-Medium and when combined with receptor sensitivity. the resultant significance of effect may fall within two categories. Thus the matrix is provided as a guide and not a strict assessment tool. Table 5: Significance of Effect

SIGNIFICANCE LANDSCAPE VISUAL OF EFFECT

The development results in a virtually Virtually no effect on the existing baseline imperceptible change in the view and has no Negligible situation, in terms of landscape character effect upon the existing baseline situation in and quality. terms of visual amenity.

Some effects on the existing baseline situation, in terms of landscape for which Where the development may have a slight Minor the development can be readily affect upon the view or baseline visual context accommodated without affecting the but where the change is not prominent. character.

Larger scale changes affecting the existing Where the development will be clearly visible baseline situation in terms of the and results in some changes to the view, but Moderate landscape to a noticeable degree without a the main elements of the baseline visual significant resultant change in the context remain. character.

The existing baseline situation in terms of The development results in changes that the landscape and quality is affected to a largely affect the view, or where the baseline large degree, such that the development is Major visual context alters, such that the a substantive element, creating a development is one of the principal visual character associated with the elements unmistakably or easily seen. development.

The existing baseline situation in terms of the landscape and quality is affected to a Substantive alterations to the amenity of the substantial degree. Consequently, the view or the baseline visual context and where Substantial development is the principal and the development becomes the dominant substantive element dominating the feature and commands or controls that essence of the landscape character and particular view or visual context. affecting the balance of the landscape.

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SENSITIVITY  VERY LOW LOW MEDIUM HIGH VERY HIGH  MAGNITUDE

No Impact None None None None None

Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible

Minor - Very Small Negligible Negligible Minor Minor Moderate

Minor - Small Negligible Minor Moderate Moderate Moderate

Minor - Moderate Medium Minor Moderate Major Moderate to Major

Minor - Moderate Major to Large Moderate Major Moderate to Major substantial

Major to Very Large Moderate Moderate Major Substantial substantial

3.13. CUMULATIVE EFFECTS 3.13.1. The GLVIA Third Edition asserts that the assessment of cumulative effects depends on the characteristics of both the development involved and its location. 3.13.2. Paragraph 7.26 of the GLVIA Third Edition states that cumulative landscape effects should be reflected upon, notably with regards to the key characteristics of the landscape being considered. An assessment should reflect on the suitability of the proposals given the current landscape characteristics, for instance due to scale and pattern and whether the landscape character is altered to such an extent that it results in a new landscape type or sub-type. With respect to cumulative visual effects, the GLVIA Third Edition highlights that higher levels of significance may occur due to developments within close proximity to the main project being evaluated. (Paragraph 7.38) 3.13.3. For this LVIA, cumulative effects have been reviewed that may arise as an indirect consequence due to Stage 1 to 4 of the Proposed Development and have encompassed other types of development nearby. The Site currently consists of industrial buildings (sheds) as well as large areas of concrete hardstanding and permitted development through the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area (consent reference LW/15/0034). For this LVIA, the baseline situation also encompasses the planning consents for the Rampion Operation & Maintenance Facility (west of the Site) and the Newhaven Port Access Road (NPAR) which is broadly to the east of the Site and includes Stage 1 (1A and 1B) and Stage 2.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 3.13.4. Consequently, potential cumulative effects in association with the Proposed Development have not been considered further. 3.13.5. A planning application has recently been submitted to Lewes District Council for an Asphalt Plant at North Quay and is currently awaiting a decision (at the time of writing). It is c.1km north of the Site and located within the environs of Newhaven, consequently it has not been assessed in terms of cumulative effects.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

4. THE BASELINE SITUATION

4.1. INTRODUCTION 4.1.1. The baseline situation represents the existing state within both the Site and the locality, although the information provided principally applies to the study area as a whole. 4.1.2. The description of the baseline situation details the features observed through field work analysis as well as a review of plan and desk based research. This, combined with other landscape elements may have a greater or lesser effect upon the visual amenity and landscape character of the area, thus potentially affecting the visibility of the Site and thereby, the Proposed Development (Stage 1 to 4). 4.1.3. This Section examines the existing landscape setting in terms of the Site, immediate vicinity and surrounding landscape. It describes the baseline situation regarding the existing planning consents within and surrounding the Site including the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area, Rampion Operation & Maintenance Facility and the Newhaven Port Access Road (NPAR). Landscape character and landscape designations are then addressed in turn. 4.1.4. When reviewing this Section, reference should be made to Figure L-DR1: Site Location Plan, Figure L-DR2: Landscape Character Classification, Figure L-DR3: Landscape Designations and Public Rights of Way and Figure L-DR4: Local Character Areas. The photomontages prepared as part of the LVIA show illustrative elements (post construction) of the Rampion building, consented Port Authority extension area (e.g. buildings and cranes) and the permitted route of the NPAR. (See Figures L-V1A to L-V3A, L-V8A and L-V11A) 4.1.5. Appendix 2 includes extracts from the South Downs Integrated Landscape Character Assessment (ILCA) (2011) (Table 2A). Appendix 3 relates to the Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority Landscape Capacity Study (2012) (Table 3A and Drawing PN1081-D4).

4.2. THE LANDSCAPE SETTING Description of the Site and Immediate Vicinity 4.2.1. The Site (c.5.78ha) is located on the eastern side of Newhaven harbour which is used for mixed industrial and port activities. 4.2.2. Industrial buildings (sheds) c.8m high, clad in grey coloured sheeting are situated in the eastern part of the Site and there are large areas of concrete hardstanding to the north and south of the buildings. Site boundaries in places feature a c.2m high palisade security fence. The western part of the Site includes several two storey porta cabins and an

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment old railway siding which is being used as a car park by Rampion Offshore Wind. 4.2.3. The Site is located in an existing cluster of industrial/port area land use that is well-lit and is not situated in a more isolated area separate to existing development. On Site, it is currently lit using modern lighting (e.g. down lighter type with shading). 4.2.4. In terms of the Site and immediate vicinity, the following planning consents are of note and summarised in Table 7 below. Table 7: Planning Consents Relevant to the Site and Immediate Vicinity

PLANNING CONSENT/APPLICATION RELEVANCE TO THE LVIA (REFERENCE NO., DATE GRANTED AND DESCRIPTION)

The Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area Reference LW/15/0034, granted 23 December comprises warehouses, berths and loading cranes etc. 2016, Planning Application for Refurbishment of The southern part of the Site is located within the Land the existing multi-purpose berth at East Quay Development Area (LDA), referred to as the Consented etc., At Land Adjacent Fisher Terminal, East Port Authority extension area in this LVIA. A diverted Quay, Newhaven, East Sussex public footpath Newhaven 40a (N40a) passes in a north to south direction through the south-eastern periphery of

the Site. East of the Site (c.200m) is a new nature reserve (c.3.5ha) which forms part of the planning consent. Reference LW/16/1021, amendment to planning approval LW/15/0373, granted 22 December 2016, Onshore operations and maintenance The main building is referred to as the Rampion building facility for the Rampion Offshore wind farm, with in the LVIA. It is currently under construction and is parking, storage and small vessel loading and adjacent west of the Site. unloading facilities) etc., Fisher Terminal, East Quay, Newhaven Reference LW/07/0406, approved 1 May 2007, Variation of condition three attached to planning permission LW/2061/CC (for the port access Road) to allow the road to be constructed in two stages Newhaven Eastside includes areas permitted for residential, industrial and retail use. It is located Reference LW/11/0634, approved 27 March immediately between the current area of industrial 2013, Site 2 Newhaven Eastside The Drove development of the port area and extends up to and in Newhaven East Sussex, Outline application for places overlaps the South Downs National Park up to 190 dwellings, 1860 sqm of class B1 boundary. The Newhaven Port Access Road, generally employment floorspace, supported by car referred to as NPAR in the LVIA is broadly to the east of parking and open space, with all matters the Site and incorporates a carriageway and reserved except access (LW/11/0634) and Full footway/cycleway across Mill Creek. Mill Creek provides application for port access road (first stage), separation between the Site and industrial areas, the other access roads, 6780 sqm retail foodstore, sewage treatment works (comprising large tanks and petrol filling station, parking spaces, service operational buildings) and the railway line. The NPAR area and associated landscaping (LW/11/0635) includes Stage 1 (1A and 1B) and Stage 2. Reference LW/13/0729, approved 14 July 2014, Planning Application for Construction of phase one of the port access road and footpath/cycleway and associated works

Reference LW/10/0949, approved 4 April 2011, Land Adjacent Sewage Treatment Works, Located to the north of the Site and adjacent to the Beach Road, Newhaven, East Sussex - Erection sewage treatment works (north). Phase 1 and Phase 2 of an industrial/warehouse development involves industrial/warehouse development. Phase 1 is (renewal of planning approval LW/05/0668) currently under construction. (NB: Reference LW/17/0486, Proposed industrial development for 3 blocks and new access road, is currently awaiting a decision)

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 4.2.5. To the north, the sewage treatment works form the outer (south-western) limit of the Port Authority area which is publicly accessible. The port environs, including the Site are accessed from the South Gate entrance. 4.2.6. Open areas, namely the beach and sand dunes can be found adjacent to the Site to the east. A public footpath, Newhaven 7b (N7b) runs along a section of the eastern Site boundary before connecting via a footbridge to a long distance footpath, the Vanguard Way/Sussex Ouse Valley Way (c.55m north).15 Footpath N7b also links to other routes in the locality including footpaths Newhaven 40a (N40a) and Newhaven 40b (N40b), the latter which progresses eastwards. The Surrounding Landscape 4.2.7. The variety of land use found close to the River Ouse is a distinctive feature of the study area. The southern part towards the mouth of the River Ouse includes the port area and the (small boat) marina of Newhaven Harbour, and both form a noticeable visual element. Industrial uses continue along the eastern side of the River Ouse to North Quay and Denton Island, c.1.5km away. A planning application has recently been submitted for an Asphalt Plant at North Quay (NB: at the time of writing it was awaiting a decision).16 The main residential areas of Newhaven are situated on rising ground to the west of the River Ouse with the suburbs of South Heighton and Denton to the north. 4.2.8. A number of transport routes pass through Newhaven and to the east of the River Ouse, including the railway (Harbour Station and Newhaven Town Station), a minor road (Railway Road) and the A259 (Seaford Road) which links the eastern and western parts of the town via a swing bridge. In a wider context, the A259 connects the coastal towns of Seaford and Peacehaven, whilst the railway line progresses along the coast to Seaford, east of the Site. Minor roads are infrequent and generally connect the aforementioned settlements with outlying villages and hamlets such as Bishopsthorne and Norton to the north-east of the Site beyond long range. 4.2.9. The coastline within the study area is varied and comprises chalk cliffs south of Peacehaven and manmade structures such as the breakwater at the entrance to Newhaven Harbour, West Pier and East Pier. To the east of the Site progressing towards Seaford, it predominantly consists of shingle and sandy beaches. The historic core (including residential areas) of Newhaven is set back from the seafront, where a wide shingle beach is maintained as a sea defence and provides amenity space. In contrast, Peacehaven and Seaford are found closer to the sea. 4.2.10. Public footpaths in relation to the Site have been described. In terms of the study area they generally appear in clusters such as along the coast, near the River Ouse and on higher ground. Figure L-DR3 identifies the public footpaths, bridleways and byways applicable to the viewpoint locations which are examined in Section 7: Assessment of Visual Effects.

15 East Sussex County Council (public footpaths), https://www.eastsussex.gov.uk/leisureandtourism/countryside/rightsofway/map/px, sourced August 2017 16 Reference LW/17/0618, Installation and operation of an asphalt plant etc., Plots 6 & 7, North Quay Road, Newhaven, East Sussex BN9 0AB, Lewes District Council

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 4.2.11. Close to the Site to the east is The Poppy Trail which forms part of ‘Newhaven’s First World War’ (promoted by Newhaven Town Council). The trail features interpretation boards and leads from Newhaven Fort and ends just to the east of the Site in the beach area, where a Seaplane Station was built on the beach between the East Pier and Tide Mills.17 Tide Mills is a ruined 18th century village and granary18 and the Bishopstone Walk (a promoted walking route by East Sussex County Council) incorporates the Ouse Estuary Nature Reserve and Tide Mills.19 The Ouse Estuary Nature Reserve which is north of the Site and Tide Mills is described as an ‘important undeveloped gap between Newhaven and Seaford’ in the Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority Landscape Capacity Study (2012).20 4.2.12. National Route 2 (cycleway) passes along the A259 (Seaford Road) and then through the residential areas of Newhaven.21 As noted, a section of the Vanguard Way/Sussex Ouse Valley Way is close to the Site and from a wider perspective, the route travels adjacent to the coast, through urban areas and along the River Ouse. Open Access land can be found at Rookery Hill and around settlements near Norton, South Heighton and Denton. 4.2.13. The South Downs National Park covers much of the study area to the north, east and west of Newhaven. It was designated in 2010 and is noted for its views, open downland, coastline and history and provides recreational opportunities.22 Recreation and tourism based land uses are apparent elsewhere in the study area. Buckle Caravan Park is on the western periphery of Seaford, whilst Newhaven Fort and the Castle Hill Local Nature Reserve (LNR) are located south-west of the Site near to the mouth of the River Ouse. 4.2.14. There is a lack of woodland throughout the study area, although small tracts appear in places, mainly on higher ground in the South Downs National Park or within dry valleys. There are also isolated areas in association with Fort Newhaven, Peacehaven Golf Club and Rookery Hill. A distinctive geometric field pattern appears in relation to the River Ouse floodplain to the east of the Site (c.500m) due to a grid of narrow channels (wet fences) which divide pasture fields.23 4.2.15. When considering topography, it is useful to examine the study area as a whole. Lower levels and the floodplain are found adjacent to the River Ouse, with the Site and wider port area being located within an area of low lying land. Higher levels occur within medium range at the Castle Hill LNR (55mAOD) and more frequently at longer distances such as Bollen’s Bush (83mAOD) to the north-west and Norton Hill (74mAOD) and Beacon Hill

17 Newhaven Town Council, http://www.newhaventowncouncil.gov.uk/newhavens-first-world-war/the-poppy-trail/, sourced September 2017 18 Tidemills at Bishopstone, http://tidemills.webs.com, sourced August 2017 19 East Sussex County Council, www.eastsussex.gov.uk, sourced August 2017 20 Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority Landscape Capacity Study (2012), paragraph 3.1.2 Newhaven, page 18 21 Sustrans, www.sustrans.org.uk, sourced August 2017 22 South Downs National Park Authority, www.southdowns.gov.uk, sourced August 2017 23 The Ouse Floodplain LCA F2 (Major River Floodplains LT F), South Downs Integrated Landscape Character Assessment (ILCA) (2011)

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment (73mmAOD) to the north-east; all of which herald the broader area and character of the downland of the South Downs National Park beyond the study area.

4.3. LANDSCAPE CHARACTER National Level 4.3.1. Information relating to National Character Areas (NCA) has been sourced from Natural England’s website data.24 At a national level, the Site is located on the edge of the South Downs NCA No.125.25 It is acknowledged that most of the NCA falls within the South Downs National Park. However, this particular NCA is also described as being an ‘… extremely diverse and complex landscape with considerable local variation representing physical, historical and economic influences; much of it has been formed and maintained by human activity, in particular in agriculture and forestry’. (page 3) 4.3.2. ‘Key characteristics’ include:  ‘A broad elevated east–west chalk ridge with a predominantly steep north facing scarp slope and a gentle southerly dip slope, breaking into a series of hills in the west and terminating in distinctive chalk cliffs in the east;  The principal rivers – the … Ouse – slice through the eastern half of the downs as wide U-shaped valleys with steep sides and flat alluvial flood plains with intensive dairying and crops, and characterised by criss-crossing ditches and meandering river channels;  The eastern downs characterised by large open arable and grassland fields, mostly enclosed by the 16th century, with a general absence of woodland and hedgerow boundaries, creating an open, exposed landscape;  … There is also an almost continuous string of seaside towns: … Peacehaven, Newhaven and Seaford’; and  ‘Public rights of way following drove roads and ancient routes along the accessible downland tops, benefiting from panoramic views across the downs …’ (page 7 and 8) 4.3.3. ‘Drivers of change’, mentions ‘Development pressure around the towns and larger commuter villages in and around the Downs will remain a challenge, but offers some opportunities for well-designed developments that contribute to landscape and settlement character ...’ (page 39)

24 Natural England, http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/category/587130, sourced August 2017 25 NCA Profile:125: South Downs (NE432), Natural England, 2013

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Regional/County Level Landscape Character Assessments The East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment (2016) 4.3.4. The East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment (2016) reviewed an earlier version from 2010. 26 Local Landscape Character Areas (LLCA) are classified and evaluated in terms of social and economic benefits along with identifying specific pressures for development and change. The LLCAs within the South Downs National Park Authority boundary were not included in the review and the 2010 character descriptions retained. It should be noted that the review was published prior to several of the recent planning permissions previously described. 4.3.5. The LLCAs are divided into ‘County Landscape Character Areas’ and ‘Urban Areas’ and Figure L-DR2: Landscape Character Classification identifies the applicable LLCAs in the study area. 4.3.6. In principle, two LLCAs apply to the Site and it is on the fringe of the Firle Bishopstone Downs LLCA No.21 (County Landscape Character Area), whilst the western part of the Site falls within the Newhaven LLCA No.34 (Urban Area). However, the scale of mapping and analysis undertaken as part of the 2016 review may have resulted in an error regarding the boundary between the two LLCAs in so far as it affects the Site. 4.3.7. Although most of the Site is classified within the Firle Bishopstone Downs LLCA No.21, upon further evaluation carried out by B&A, it is clear from the description provided, that the Site should be entirely located within the Newhaven LLCA No.34 (Urban Area); with the limit of the LLCA set along the eastern boundary of the Site. Aspects of the existing landscape setting combined with the information summarised below which relates to the Newhaven LLCA No.34, further reiterates this point:  ‘Characteristics’: Newhaven is described as being a working port with ‘The scale of the heavy industry on the riverbanks, towering cranes, huge timbered wharfs and the size of the ferry, when it is in port, contrasts with the rows of small terraced cottages clustered up the hillsides’;  ‘Special features’: include the Ouse Estuary (wetlands), historic aspects such as the ruins at Tide Mill and Newhaven Fort, the retention of ‘Features of the working port’ including fishing boats (moored in the creek beside Denton Island) and large grey timbered quays which ‘intensify the character of the town’; and  ‘Vision’: ‘A small, robustly attractive port town providing a welcoming introduction to the county for visitors and making the most of its dramatic setting’.

26 East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment, East Sussex County Council, 2016

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NEWHAVEN LLCA NO.3427 Characteristics:  The town has a salty, maritime flavour, as befits a working port and gateway to Europe.  The scale of the heavy industry on the riverbanks, towering cranes, huge timbered wharfs and the size of the ferry, when it is in port, contrasts with the rows of small terraced cottages clustered up the hillsides.  The marina and new housing on the west side of the river are bright jaunty and colourful in character.  The boats, the fish market and the jumble of fishing equipment that litters the quaysides gives the quays a distinct identity.  The town centre is circled by the main through-routes, cutting it off somewhat from the rest of the town. Special features:  Newhaven Fort has a rich history and from its entrance there are dramatic views across the town.  The swing bridge punctuates the flow of traffic across the river.  Features of the working port are retained, such as the fishing boats moored in the creek beside Denton Island, and the huge grey timbered quays intensify the character of the town.  Ouse Estuary wetlands to east of town.  The historic ruins at Tidemills. Problems, pressures, detracting features:  Industrial clutter at North Quay.  Modern housing estates blanketing valley sides at Valley Road and Gibbon Road, also at Denton across the valley.  Harsh, open built up edges to countryside and South Downs National Park.  Meeching Quarry.  Dauntingly dreary underpasses below the ring road to access the centre of the town.  The severance impact of the ring road. Landscape action priorities: …  Environmental improvements to port and station approaches as gateway to Sussex… Vision: A small, robustly attractive port town providing a welcoming introduction to the county for visitors and making the most of its dramatic setting. 4.3.9. The ‘Characteristics’ of the remaining Local Landscape Character Areas in the study area including the Firle Bishopstone Downs LLCA No.21 are provided in Table 9.28 The distance and direction from the Site is given. Table 9: Remaining Local Landscape Character Areas (LLCA) in the Study Area (Extracts)

LOCAL LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AREAS (LLCA) (CHARACTERISTICS)

Falmer Telscombe Downs LLCA No.18 (c.920m south-west with a broad band expanding c.1.8km west) Characteristics:  High, bare scarp with coombes looking northwards and eastwards.  Remote, visually isolated, winding interior dry valley system.  Outstanding views from scarp.  Isolated tree plantations on northern slopes in otherwise open landscape.  Arable farming predominates, some chalk grassland on steeper slopes.  Woods few and small, but form notable feature within the landscape.  Numerous tumuli and other archaeological features.  Remote areas away from the built up edges and C7 road. Lower Ouse Valley LLCA No.19 (c.1.5km north-west) Characteristics:  Impressively Overlooked By Kingston Scarp And Mount Caburn.  A String Of Attractive Villages On Drier Ground With Their Distinctive Character And Tree/Flint-Brick/Church Compositions.  Strategic Countryside Gap Between Newhaven And Lewes.  Wide Open, Flat Valley Floor.  Transport Corridors In The Valley Floor Including Roads, Rail And River.  Steep, Open Valley Slopes Rising From The Valley Floor. Firle Bishopstone Downs LLCA No.21 (adjacent to the Newhaven LLCA No.34 having been reviewed by B&A) Characteristics:  Simple Sculptural Forms; A Bold, Bare North-Facing Scarp Culminating In The Landmark Of Firle Beacon.  Rolling Arable Dipslope With Winding Dry Valleys.  A Prominent Secondary Scarp Curves West And North From High And Over.  Country Houses In Designed Landscape Or Parkland Setting, Notably Firle Place And Estate.  The Peaceful, Largely Unspoiled Villages Beneath The Scarp – With Their Flint Cottages, Churches And Tree Compositions Contrasting With The Open Downland.  Numerous Tumuli And Other Prehistoric Features.  Remote Character Of Central Areas. Peacehaven LLCA No.28 (c.2.2km west) Characteristics:  The gently undulating cliff-top setting for this town and village, together with the scarcity of large trees give an open, exposed character to the area.  These planned settlements retain their loose knit, low density

27 Ibid, Urban Area Part Two, Newhaven LLCA No.34 28 Ibid, The Downs Part One, Falmer Telscombe Downs LLCA No.18 and Lower Ouse Valley LLCA No.19, Urban Area Part One Peacehaven LLCA No.28 and Urban Area Part Two Seaford LLCA No.32

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment urban form today.  Peacehaven is mainly bungalows, semi-detached and terraced houses.  Green spaces, such as the Dell give important links between the town and the coast, and places for informal recreation.  There is a fine cliff top walk, and where the fencing along the edge of the cliff protects the grass from trampling and mowing, maritime flowers such as thrift, sea campion, sea kale are thriving.  Telscombe Tye is a wedge of Chalk downland that pushes down to the cliff edge, giving the townspeople a valuable recreational resource. Seaford LLCA No.32 (c.760m north-east) Characteristics:  Historic village core with flint walls, many of rounded, uncut flint.  Later seafront development and 20th century villas, lacking the local character of the core.  From the west, the town is seen against the chalk cliffs of Splash Point and Seaford Head.  The town has many large and treeless open green spaces, such as Martello Salts, Hawks Brow, and the Salts.

South Downs Integrated Landscape Character Assessment (ILCA) (2011) 4.3.10. The majority of the study area falls within the South Downs National Park and consequently, the South Downs Integrated Landscape Character Assessment (ILCA) which was updated in 2011 is relevant.29 The document categorises 18 generic Landscape Types (LT) which are then sub-divided into component Landscape Character Areas (LCA). 4.3.11. Figure L-DR2: Landscape Character Classification shows the LCAs (and LTs) in the study area. The Ouse Floodplain LCA F2 (Major River Floodplains LT F) is c.190m east of the Site and is described as ‘A landscape of apparent large and expansive scale as a result of the flat landform, consistent pasture land cover, lack of vertical elements and far- reaching views across the open floodplain…’ Whilst ‘Extensive views across the floodplain’ are also identified with ‘Tranquillity affected by proximity of built development, trains on the mainline railway and traffic on the A27 (T) that crosses the floodplain’. (page 203) 4.3.12. In terms of ‘Sensitivity’, the Ouse Floodplain LCA F2 is noted as being ‘particularly visually sensitive to change’ due to its flat and open nature.30 Having reviewed the other LCAs (and LTs) in the study area, the Ouse to Eastbourne Open Downs LCA A1 (Open Downland LT A) covers much of the north-eastern study area and the following is of note:  At LCA Level: ‘The very open character and long views means there are few screening opportunities making this landscape type highly sensitive visually’ (page 69); and  ‘Future Landscape Change’ states under ‘Development’ that ‘… the new designation of National Park is likely to limit pressure for built development within the Open Downs. However, since the Open Downs lie adjacent to urban areas it is likely that they will continue to be affected by development in adjacent areas outside the designated landscape’ (page 71). In addition, ‘Sensitivities Specific to the Ouse to Eastbourne Open Downs LCA A1’ mentions that ‘… the landscape is visually

29 South Downs Integrated Landscape Character Assessment (Updated), Prepared for the South Downs Joint Committee, in partnership with the Countryside Agency, English Heritage, Hampshire County Council, West Sussex County Council and East Hampshire District Council by Land Use Consultants, December 2005 (Updated 2011) 30 Ibid, Appendix F Major River Floodplains, page 195

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment sensitive to change within the adjacent urban areas’ (page 77) 4.3.13. The Adur to Ouse Open Downs LCA A2 (Open Downland LT A) is c.1.7km west of the Site and ‘… Given the proximity to and views over development on the coastal plain, this area is also especially sensitive to changes in the urban area beyond the study area’. (page 81) 4.3.14. Section 7: Assessment of Visual Effects examines a number of viewpoint locations from the South Downs National Park. Appendix 2 (Table 2A) includes extracts from the South Downs ILCA including ‘Integrated Key Characteristics’ and ‘Sensitivities Specific’ for each LCA and LT where applicable. Distance and direction from the Site is also provided. Other Landscape Related Reports Marine Character Areas (MCA) (2014) 4.3.15. The Seascape Assessment for the South Marine Plan Areas: Technical Report (2014) identifies Marine Character Areas (MCA) at a strategic level.31 Under ‘Developing a character assessment for the South’, it is noted that ‘…The use of MCAs provides a good framework within which to draw out patterns of local distinctiveness and those factors influencing sense of place…’ (paragraph 2.2) 4.3.16. The area south of Newhaven is categorised within the Selsey Bill to Seaford Head MCA 7 and the seascape assessment has been reviewed for reference to Newhaven and port areas etc.32 4.3.17. ‘Key characteristics’ include:  ‘Coastal geology dominated by chalk, also forming the prominent ridgeline of the South Downs visible in views from the sea. High, vertical chalk cliffs are exposed from Brighton to Seaford Head;  Harbours and estuaries relating to the Rivers … Ouse (at Newhaven) …;  Historic features illustrating the strategic defensive role of this coastline. The westernmost in a series of Napoleonic Martello Towers is at Seaford while mid 19th century forts survive at Newhaven…;  Small recreational craft and fishing boats are the main sea uses with cross channel ferries from Newhaven–Dieppe and larger freight from the small ports;  Coastal defences are a key feature of the coastline, including groynes, concrete

31 The Seascape assessment for the South Marine Plan Areas: technical report, Marine Management Organisation, 2014 32 Seascape Assessment for the South Marine Plan Areas, MCA 7: Selsey Bill to Seaford Head, Marine Management Organisation 2014

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment defences at cliff bases and Newhaven harbour wall; and  Views seaward are frequently to an unbroken horizon with the main shipping traffic being located at a greater distance into the channel. This creates a large scale and open sense of space’. 4.3.18. Under ‘Description’ the following is noted:  Cultural/social influences: ‘Today the major commercial ports in the MCA are Newhaven and Shoreham, with Littlehampton providing more limited commercial facilities. Newhaven provides cross-channel passenger ferry services to Dieppe and both ports support the import and export of cargo, especially aggregates’; and  Aesthetic and perceptual qualities: ‘… The South Downs landscape is characterised by open downland with few vertical elements, views to and from the sea play an important part in shaping the character of both landscape and seascape here…’ and ‘The coastline of the MCA is largely developed, with linear urban coastal seaside towns stretching along most of its length…’ Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority Landscape Capacity Study (2012) 4.3.19. The Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority Landscape Capacity Study was published in 2012.33 A particular ‘Aim’ is to help identify ‘… where development might be accommodated within the District without unacceptably impacting on the landscape’ (paragraph 1.1). The Study examines ‘… areas surrounding the towns and villages across the District where it is considered that there is likely to be future development pressures’ (paragraph 1.2). It should be noted that this does not include the urban area of Newhaven which features the Site. 4.3.20. Landscape Character Areas (Areas) are classified in the Study. Area D02 Ouse Estuary Nature Reserve broadly correlates to the Ouse Floodplain LCA F2 (Major River Floodplains LT F) which is identified in the South Downs Integrated Landscape Character Assessment (ILCA) (2011) and is c.190m east of the Site.34 4.3.21. Landscape Quality is noted as being ‘Good’, Landscape Value ‘Medium/High’, Character Sensitivity to change ‘High’ and Visual sensitivity ‘High’. Management opportunities are identified as ‘Possible strengthening of landscape character through screening to existing

33 Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority Landscape Capacity Study, Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority, September 2012 34 South Downs Integrated Landscape Character Assessment (Updated), Prepared for the South Downs Joint Committee, in partnership with the Countryside Agency, English Heritage, Hampshire County Council, West Sussex County Council and East Hampshire District Council by Land Use Consultants, December 2005 (Updated 2011)

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment industrial and commercial area. Ensure remnant structures of Tide Mills are preserved. Highly visible and sensitive area so any change will impact on landscape character’. (page 58) 4.3.22. Having reviewed the other applicable Areas, the following is of note:  Landscape Quality around Newhaven ranges from ‘Ordinary’ to ‘Good/High’. The latter is in relation to Newhaven, A02 Harbour Heights (c.1.1km south-west) and B01 South of Rushy Hill (c.1.5km north-west). ‘Exceptional’ applies to Seaford, B01 Bishopstone/Norton Valley (c.1.5km east);  Landscape Value generally ranges from ‘Low’ to ‘High’ with Seaford, B01 Bishopstone/Norton Valley (c.1.5km east) assessed as ‘Very High’;  Character Sensitivity to Change ranges from ‘Moderate/High’ to ‘High’; and  Visual Sensitivity ranges from ‘Moderate/High’ to ‘High’. 4.3.23. In Appendix 3, Table 3A and Drawing PN1081-D4 provide further details regarding the above. Local Landscape Character Assessment by B&A 4.3.24. As part of the LVIA process and to provide a better understanding of current landscape character in terms of the Site and environs within c.1.5km, B&A has evaluated landscape character at a local level in more detail. The review has been based on current landuse, field work observations relating to visual amenity and the landscape setting. It incorporates planning consents such as the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area (reference LW/15/0034). 4.3.25. Figure L-DR4: Local Character Areas identifies the Local Character Areas (LCA) and are summarised below:  Agricultural Fields LCA: agricultural fields to the east on the floodplain (beyond the railway line);  Beach & Cliffs LCA: areas of cliffs at Harbour Heights with a shingle beach, sand dunes and creeks between Newhaven and Seaford;  Downs LCA: consisting of areas of rising ground and open downland with the main area c.750m north-east of the Site.  Marina LCA: located towards the mouth of the River Ouse (on the western side);  Mixed Development LCA: retail and commercial development in Newhaven primarily on the eastern side of the River Ouse and at Newhaven Eastside (consent reference LW/11/0634);

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment  Port Areas LCA: towards the mouth of the River Ouse (eastern side) and includes the Site, Rampion building (consent reference LW/16/1021) and the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area (consent reference LW/15/0034);  Recreational LCA: comprises the Ouse Estuary Nature Reserve and Castle Hill Local Nature Reserve. A nature reserve (c.3.5ha) will be located to the east of the Site as part of planning permission for the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area (consent reference LW/15/0034). This LCA also includes recreational grounds within urban areas and the Buckle Caravan Park; and  Residential LCA: comprises areas of Newhaven generally beyond c.500m, on rising ground to the west of the River Ouse. Other settlement areas can be found at Denton, Rookery Hill and Seaford.

4.4. LANDSCAPE DESIGNATIONS 4.4.1. Figure L-DR3: Landscape Designations and Public Rights of Way identifies the landscape designations etc. applicable to the study area. 4.4.2. There are no statutory or non-statutory landscape designations directly associated with the Site. 4.4.3. The South Downs National Park covers extensive parts of the study area notably to the north, east and west of Newhaven. In terms of the Site, it is c.190m to the north-east (at its closest point). 4.4.4. The South Downs National Park is noted for open downland areas and coastline. A recent report, the South Downs National Park: View Characterisation and Analysis (November 2015) examined views to, from and within the National Park.35 The purpose of the study is to ‘… form part of the evidence to guide both future planning and development management decisions by the South Downs National Park Authority and its partner authorities’ (paragraph 1.2). Having reviewed the locations and landmarks selected, only one ‘Representative viewpoint’ falls within the study area applied for the LVIA.36 No. 51 Nore Down above Piddinghoe is c.2.7km north-west from the Site and is shown on Figure L-DR3 for reference purposes. The ‘Reason for selection’ is given as ‘This viewpoint, located on a public footpath, provides good views of the Ouse Valley, as noted by the SDNP Eastern team’. (page 12)

35 South Downs National Park: View Characterisation and Analysis, Final Report, Prepared by Land Use Consultants on behalf of the South Downs National Park Authority, November 2015 36 Ibid, Figure 2.3 Landmarks and Figure 2.1 Representative Viewpoints

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 4.4.5. Field work undertaken as part of the LVIA explored views towards the Site (and Proposed Development) from the South Downs National Park, north- west of Newhaven. Although the ZTV identifies isolated areas near Bollen’s Bush, intervening built form and vegetation together with the distance involved limits potential views. Section 7: Assessment of Visual Effects evaluates views from locations in the South Downs National Park from a broad arc (clockwise) north to east of the Site. 4.4.6. Table 10 lists the remaining designations identified by Figure L-DR3. Table 10: Landscape and Heritage Related Designations Within the Study Area

DESIGNATIONS

Conservation Areas37: Newhaven (Church Hill) (c.1.10km, north-west), Bishopstone (c.1.78km, north-east), Denton (c.1.78km, north), Norton (c.2.10km, north-east), South Heighton (c.2.14km, north), Piddinghoe (c.2.72km, north-west) and East Blatchington (c.2.90km, east) Scheduled Monuments38: Newhaven military fort and lunette battery, (Reference 1002242), (c.300m south- west), Bowl barrow, the north westernmost barrow of a group of six bowl barrows, forming part of a linear round barrow cemetery on Rookery Hill, (Reference 1009954), (c.1.35km, north-east), Bowl barrow forming part of a linear round barrow cemetery on Rookery Hill, (Reference 1009953), (c.1.36km, north-east), A pair of bowl barrows forming part of a linear round barrow cemetery, and a hlaew on Rookery Hill, (Reference 1009952), (c.1.39km, north-east), Two bowl barrows, the south easternmost pair of a group of six bowl barrows, forming part of a linear round barrow cemetery on Rookery Hill, (Reference 1009951), (c.1.40km, north-east), Bowl Barrow on Peacehaven Heights, 242m south-west of Warren Court, (Reference 1002281), (c.2km, west), Multiple ring-ditch at Mount Pleasant, Denton, (Reference 1012144), (c.2.14km, north) Listed Buildings39: Generally found in small clusters in settlement areas with the closest to the Site being The Marine Workshops (Reference 1280283), Grade II and The Carpenter's Shop and Paint Store with Timber Seasoning Shed (Reference 1197494), Grade II. Both are north-west of the Site beyond medium range. The River Ouse Policy40: adjacent (west)

37 Lewes District Council, http://www.lewes.gov.uk/planning/1097.asp, sourced August 2017 38 Magic – Natural England, www.natureonthemap.naturalengland.org.uk, sourced August 2017 39 Magic – Natural England, www.natureonthemap.naturalengland.org.uk, sourced August 2017 40 Lewes District Local Plan Part 1, Joint Core Strategy 2010-2030, Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority (Adopted May 2016 by Lewes District Council and June 2016 by the South Downs National Park Authority)

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

5. PLANNING POLICY

5.1. INTRODUCTION 5.1.1. This Section reviews current planning policy relevant to the purpose of the LVIA and primarily relates to aspects of good design and landscape character.

5.2. NATIONAL PLANNING POLICY FRAMEWORK (NPPF) (2012)41 5.2.1. Section 7 Requiring good design. 5.2.2. Paragraph 56 ‘The Government attaches great importance to the design of the built environment. Good design is a key aspect of sustainable development, is indivisible from good planning, and should contribute positively to making places better for people’. 5.2.3. Paragraph 58 ‘Local and neighbourhood plans should develop robust and comprehensive policies that set out the quality of development that will be expected for the area. Such policies should be based on stated objectives for the future of the area and an understanding and evaluation of its defining characteristics. Planning policies and decisions should aim to ensure that developments: …  respond to local character and history, and reflect the identity of local surroundings and materials, while not preventing or discouraging appropriate innovation; … and  are visually attractive as a result of good architecture and appropriate landscaping’. 5.2.4. Paragraph 61 ‘Although visual appearance and the architecture of individual buildings are very important factors, securing high quality and inclusive design goes beyond aesthetic considerations. Therefore, planning policies and decisions should address the connections between people and places and the integration of new development into the natural, built and historic environment’. 5.2.5. Paragraph 64 ‘Permission should be refused for development of poor design that fails to take the opportunities available for improving the character and quality of an area and the way it functions’. 5.2.6. Section 11 Conserving and enhancing the natural environment. 5.2.7. Paragraph 109 ‘The planning system should contribute to and enhance the natural and local environment by:  protecting and enhancing valued landscapes, geological conservation interests and soils; … and  remediating and mitigating despoiled, degraded, derelict, contaminated and unstable land, where appropriate’. 5.2.8. Paragraph 113 ‘Local planning authorities should set criteria based policies against which proposals for any development on or affecting

41 National Planning Policy Framework, Department for Communities and Local Government, March 2012

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment protected wildlife or geodiversity sites or landscape areas will be judged. Distinctions should be made between the hierarchy of international, national and locally designated sites, so that protection is commensurate with their status and gives appropriate weight to their importance and the contribution that they make to wider ecological networks’.

5.3. WASTE AND MINERALS PLAN (ADOPTED 2013)42 5.3.1. Policy WMP 23a Design Principles for Built Waste Facilities ‘All buildings associated with waste and minerals developments should be of a scale, form and character appropriate to its location and incorporate innovative design, where appropriate, and allow sufficient space for the effective sorting, recycling, recovery and storage of waste. Opportunities should be taken to provide efficient separation from more sensitive land uses and where possible mitigation measures should integrate existing environmental assets and maximise opportunities for appropriate habitat creation. Urban locations: a. design should complement the existing or planned scale and built form of the local area and take account of local landscape character and distinctiveness; Urban fringe/new development sites: a. design should complement the planned scale and built form of the local area and/or the new development area, and take account of local landscape character and distinctiveness…’. 5.3.2. Policy WMP23b Operation of Sites ‘Proposals for waste management, mineral extraction / processing, and associated activities should be accompanied by a working programme for the proposed operation which includes arrangements as applicable for the scale and nature of the operation, for: … b. phasing of workings/construction…’ 5.3.3. Policy WMP25 General Amenity ‘All proposals should ensure: a. there is no unacceptable effect on the standard of amenity appropriate to the established, permitted or allocated land uses of the local and host communities likely to be affected by the development including transport links; … d. there is no unacceptable effect on the recreational or tourist use of an area, or the use of existing public access or rights of way...’. 5.3.4. Policy WMP27 Environment and Environmental Enhancement ‘a) To conserve and enhance the local character and environment of the Plan Area, permission will not be granted where the development would have a significant adverse impact on the following sites: South Downs National Park (see Policy WMP 2); … Listed Buildings; Scheduled Monuments; Conservation areas … other sites recognised for their cultural heritage and historic significance. These assets should be protected and where appropriate, enhanced…’

42 East Sussex South Downs and Brighton & Hove Waste and Minerals Sites Plan, Waste and Minerals Plan, East Sussex County Council, South Downs National Park Authority and Brighton & Hove City Council, February 2013

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 5.4. LEWES DISTRICT LOCAL PLAN, PART 1 JOINT CORE STRATEGY 2010-2030 (ADOPTED MAY 2016) 43 5.4.1. Core Policy 4 Encouraging Economic Development and Regeneration ‘In order to stimulate and maintain a buoyant and balanced local economy through regeneration of the coastal towns, support for local and key strategic businesses and the rural economy and ensuring that the district’s economy does not become reliant on one or two sectors, the local planning authority will take a flexible and supportive approach to economic development through the following measures: 1. When and where appropriate, identify sufficient sites in sustainable locations to provide for a flexible range of employment space to meet current and future needs. Within the South Downs National Park the pursuit of National Park Purposes will be paramount…’ 5.4.2. Core Policy 8 Green Infrastructure ‘The local planning authority will promote a connected network of multifunctional green infrastructure by protecting and enhancing the quantity, quality and accessibility of open spaces throughout the district. This will be achieved by: … 4. Resisting development that would undermine the functional integrity of the green infrastructure network or would result in the loss of existing green spaces, unless either mitigation measures are incorporated within the development or alternative and suitable provision is made elsewhere in the locality…’ 5.4.3. Core Policy 10 Natural Environment and Landscape Character ‘1. The natural environment of the district, including landscape assets, biodiversity, geodiversity, priority habitats and species and statutory and locally designated sites, will be conserved and enhanced by: i. Maintaining and where possible enhancing the natural, locally distinctive and heritage landscape qualities and characteristics of the district including hedgerows, ancient woodland and shaws, as informed by the East Sussex County Landscape Assessment and the Lewes District Landscape Capacity Study; … 2. The highest priority will be given to the first purpose of the South Downs National Park .... Within and in the setting of the South Downs National Park, development will be resisted if it fails to conserve and appropriately enhance its rural, urban and historic landscape qualities, and its natural and scenic beauty, as informed by the South Downs Integrated Landscape Character Assessment…’ 5.4.4. Core Policy 11 Built and Historic Environment and High Quality Design ‘The local planning authority will seek to secure high quality design in all new development in order to assist in creating sustainable places and communities. This will be achieved by ensuring that the design of development: i. Respects and, where appropriate, positively contributes to the character and distinctiveness of the district’s unique built and natural heritage; ii. Within the South Downs National Park is in accordance with the National Park purposes and outside the SDNP has regard to the setting of the National Park and its purposes; … iv. Responds sympathetically to the site and its local context and is well-integrated in

43 Lewes District Council, http://www.lewes.gov.uk/corestrategy/ (Inset Map 2: Newhaven), sourced August 2017

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment terms of access and functionality with the surrounding area; … The local planning authority will safeguard historic assets, including scheduled ancient monuments, listed buildings (both statutory and locally listed), registered parks and gardens...’.

5.5. SAVED LEWES LOCAL PLAN POLICIES (2003) 44 5.5.1. Saved Policy H2 Listed Buildings ‘Consent will not be granted for any proposal which: … (b) would adversely affect the architectural or historic character of a listed building, its internal or external features of special architectural or historic interest, or its setting’ and Saved Policy H5 Development within or affecting Conservation Areas ‘Planning permission and/or listed building consent will be granted for developments within or near to Conservation Areas, provided that they: (a) conserve or enhance the special architectural or historic character or appearance of the area and re-instate historic elements wherever possible …’ 5.5.2. Saved Policy H12 Areas of Established Character ‘In considering proposals for development within Areas of Established Character, as designated on the Proposals Map, special attention will be paid to the need to retain the existing character of the area in terms of spaciousness, building heights, building size and site coverage, building lines, boundary treatments, trees and landscaping’. 5.5.3. Saved Policy H13 Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest ‘In considering proposals for development the District Council will have regard to maintaining the integrity and setting of English Heritage Registered Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest, as shown on the Proposals Map. Planning permission will be refused for development which would damage them and the District Council will seek to encourage their conservation and restoration in association with development proposals’. 5.5.4. Saved Policy H14 Parks and Gardens of Local Historic Interest ‘In considering applications for development in or near Parks and Gardens of Local Historic Interest (as defined in Appendix 3) the Council will have regard to the likely effects of the development on its particular character, appearance and setting’. 5.5.5. Saved Policy ST3 Design, Form and Setting of Development ‘Development requiring planning permission will be expected to comply with the following criteria, and be supported by justification statements where necessary: (a) development should respect the overall scale, height, massing, alignment, site coverage, density, landscaping, character, rhythm and layout of neighbouring buildings and the local area more generally (b) materials should be of a quality, type, colour and design which is appropriate to the character of the local area (c) development, including conversion, should respect the amenities of adjoining properties in terms of noise, privacy, natural daylight, and visual amenities and smell (d) development should not result in detriment to the character or the

44 Lewes District Local Plan, Lewes District Council, 2003

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment amenities of the area through increased traffic levels, congestion or hazards, noise levels and other environmental considerations … (f) development should not result in the loss of significant buildings, public views or spaces between and around buildings, or trees or other landscape features which make an important contribution to the character of the area … (i) in exposed locations, such as seafronts, materials used in new development will normally be required which have been demonstrated to be durable in comparable conditions and which complement locally used…’. 5.5.6. Newhaven Harbour: the following Saved Site Specific Policies apply: NH20 Area a NH21,22 and NH20 Area a NH22, 23. Policy NH20 ‘Land at East Quay and East Beach, as defined on Inset map No 2 (Area A), is allocated for the upgrading and expansion of the port, provided that: (d) adequate screening is provided along the eastern edge of the proposal site …’

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

6. EFFECTS ON LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AND DESIGNATIONS

6.1. INTRODUCTION 6.1.1. This Section includes an evaluation of the potential effects of the Proposed Development (Stage 1 to 4) on the landscape character and landscape designations relevant to the Site and study area. The construction of the buildings etc. is of temporary or short-term duration and has not been evaluated further in the LVIA. In this instance, assessment focuses on the nature of the built form itself such as size, scale and the arrangement of buildings. 6.1.2. As explained in Section 3: Methodology, Stages 1 to 4 are evaluated individually and the assessment takes into account the project lifecycle and the combined effect of the Stages involved. 6.1.3. For the purpose of this assessment, direct effects relate to those that alter the character of the Site, after considering the baseline situation previously described in Section 4 of this report, such as the removal of existing characteristic features or through the introduction of new elements. Whilst indirect effects concern the perception of character in the wider sense and how it relates to the Site. 6.1.4. With reference to the South Downs NCA No.125, the Proposed Development is not of a scale whereby it would notably modify any key characteristics (due to size and diversity) of this particular NCA. Under ‘Drivers of change’, it is noted that there is scope for ‘well-designed developments that contribute to landscape and settlement character ...’ (page 39) 6.1.5. In terms of potential effects on landscape character, a greater emphasis has been placed on the East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment (2016) and which provides a finer distinction between the differing landscape characteristics and applies directly to the Site. Figure L-DR2: Landscape Character Classification identifies the applicable LLCAs in the study area. As part of the LVIA process and to provide a better understanding of current landscape character in terms of the Site and environs within c.1.5km, B&A has evaluated landscape character at a local level in more detail as illustrated by Figure L-DR4: Local Character Areas.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 6.2. SOURCES OF IMPACT 6.2.1. The Site is located on the eastern side of Newhaven harbour which is used for mixed industrial and port activities. When considering landscape character, the main sources of impact for each Stage will include the following. 6.2.2. Stage 1 (2018) Aggregate processing and bagging: situated towards the northern part of the Site and comprising an aggregate processing plant and conveyor. 6.2.3. Stage 2 (2019) Aggregate storage and siding: continuing as above in Stage 1. The Stage 2 development would be located in the central and western parts of the Site. The latter comprises a conveyor and a BAD storage area. 6.2.4. Stage 3 (2020) Concrete batching plant: continuing as above in Stage 1 and 2. Stage 3 is in the central part of the Site and comprises cement silos. This Stage encompasses the completion of the works to provide Stage 2 of the NPAR and the indicative routes to the NPAR from the Site are shown on Figure 1 of the Supporting Statement. 6.2.5. Stage 4 (2020) Concrete block making plant: continuing as above in Stage 1 to Stage 3. Stage 4 is situated within an area that is currently permitted for development through the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area (consent reference LW/15/0034). The concrete block making plant (building) is set on an east to west alignment. It is understood that the cladding will be primarily brown in colour on the eastern and southern façades and grey shaded on the western and northern frontages. The concrete block plant (building) will be 15m high along the southern frontage of the building due to the inclined roof structure and sloping to 12.5metres, with other parts of the building 10metres high The building will be 75m long and between 30 and 45m wide, to facilitate the cement silos (12.5m high). 6.2.6. A 2.2m high palisade fence will filter direct views of the concrete block making plant (building) and storage area.

6.3. DIRECT EFFECTS ON LANDSCAPE CHARACTER 6.3.1. According to The East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment (2016), two LLCAs apply to the Site, namely the Firle Bishopstone Downs LLCA No.21 (County Landscape Character Area) and the Newhaven LLCA No.34 (Urban Area). As outlined previously in Section 4: The Baseline Situation, the scale of mapping and analysis undertaken as part of the 2016 review may have resulted in an error regarding the boundary between the two LLCAs in so far as it affects the Site. B&A have scrutinised this further and taking account of the existing landscape setting and characteristics of the Site and environs, it is evident that it should be categorised within Newhaven LLCA No.34.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 6.3.2. It should be noted that the review of The East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment (2016) was published prior to the recent planning permissions in the vicinity, including the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area (reference LW/15/0034). The GLVIA Third Edition affirms that published documents need to be reviewed according to their relevance to the current characteristics, for instance due to their quality, date of publication or the task in hand. 6.3.3. B&A have determined that for this LVIA, direct effects upon landscape character relate to those within the Newhaven LLCA No.34 (Urban Area) and indirect effects apply to the Firle Bishopstone Downs LLCA No.21 (County Landscape Character Area). 6.3.4. The Site has an existing industrial character and features buildings (sheds), porta cabins and large areas of concrete hardstanding. In addition, the southern part of the Site is located within the Consented Port Authority extension area. The Site has a Low landscape sensitivity due to existing Site characteristics described in relation to the Newhaven LLCA No.34 and also identified by B&A through the local landscape character assessment in terms of the Port Areas LCA where existing development is clustered at the mouth of the River Ouse (on the eastern side). 6.3.5. Table 11 below explores the direct effects on the Newhaven LLCA No.34 through each Stage of the Proposed Development. Table 11: Direct Effects on the Newhaven LLCA No.34

STAGE EXPLANATORY NOTES ASSESSMENT

Stage 1 of the Proposed Development is located in the northern part of the Site and the aggregate processing plant and conveyor will be in close proximity to current 1 (2018) built form and industrial land uses established in the port area. In addition, the bagging plant will be housed within an existing building. Continuing as above in Stage 1, Stage 2 of the Proposed Given the type and scale of development, Development is situated in the central and western parts of there will be virtually no effect on the 2 (2019) the Site and comprises a conveyor and the BAD storage existing baseline situation, in terms of area. They will be near to existing built form and industrial landscape character and quality. Due to the land uses established in the port area. Low landscape sensitivity, there will be a Continuing as above in Stage 1 and 2, Stage 3 of the Negligible magnitude of impact and Proposed Development is located in the central part of the significance of effect. Site and comprises cement silos. This Stage encompasses the completion of the works to provide 3 (2020) Stage 2 of the Newhaven Port Access Road (NPAR) and the indicative routes to the NPAR shown on Figure 1 of the Supporting Statement. The aforementioned aspects will be in close proximity to existing built form and industrial land uses established in the port area. Given the type and scale of development, Continuing as above in Stage 1 to Stage 3. Stage 4 is there will be a slight effect on landscape situated within an area that is currently permitted for character, albeit Stage 4 will be seen in the development under the Newhaven East Quay and Port context of permitted development i.e. the Expansion Area (reference LW/15/0034). The concrete Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion block plant (building) will be orientated on an east to west Area (reference LW/15/0034) which has 4 (2020) alignment and is located close to the existing areas of built already established the principle of form (Stage 1 to Stage 3) and the Rampion building. A development in this part of the Newhaven 2.2m high palisade fence will filter direct views of the LLCA. Due to the Low landscape concrete block making plant (building) and concrete block sensitivity, there will be a Very Small storage area. magnitude of impact and a Negligible significance of effect.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 6.4. INDIRECT EFFECTS ON LANDSCAPE CHARACTER 6.4.1. The Firle Bishopstone Downs LLCA No.21 (East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment, 2016) is assumed to directly adjoin the Site on its eastern boundary. Within the study area, the LLCA is extensive to the north-east of the Site. When considering the broad value attached to this LLCA, it comprises areas of the South Downs National Park including open downland and the beach area towards Seaford, however, it is adjacent to the Newhaven LLCA No.34 and there are established areas of mixed industrial and port activities. 6.4.2. Given the above, the LLCA has a Medium landscape sensitivity within medium range (i.e. 500m) and generally a Medium-High landscape sensitivity at a further distance to the north-east. 6.4.3. As previously described for the direct effects on the Newhaven LLCA No.34, the ensuing indirect effects on the adjacent Firle Bishopstone Downs LLCA No.21 will also be limited. 6.4.4. After considering the baseline situation of current built form and industrial land uses as well as permitted development including the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area (reference LW/15/0034), during Stage 1 to 4, given the type and scale of development, there will be virtually no effect on the existing baseline situation, in terms of landscape character and quality. Due to the Medium landscape sensitivity, there will be a Negligible magnitude of impact and significance of effect. This would also apply to the likely effects on the LLCA at a further distance. 6.4.5. B&A has evaluated local landscape character in further detail as illustrated by Figure L-DR4: Local Character Areas and the Site is located within the Port Areas LCA. 6.4.6. Indirect effects on landscape character within medium range (up to c.500m) has been examined and summarised in Table 12. In conclusion, by restricting development within the Port Areas LCA which confines the character, indirect effects as a result of the Proposed Development (Stage 1 to 4) on surrounding areas will be very limited.

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STAGE EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSESSMENT

The Agricultural Fields LCA is to the north-east and landscape sensitivity will be Medium. During Agricultural Stage 1 to 4, given the type and scale of development, there will be virtually no effect on the Fields LCA existing baseline situation, in terms of landscape character and quality. Due to the Medium landscape sensitivity, there will be a Negligible magnitude of impact and significance of effect. The Beach & Cliffs LCA includes an area to the east and will have a High sensitivity. This is due to the increased isolation away from the industrial and urban environment of Newhaven and the Beach & decrease in influence of development given the scale and openness of the coastline. During Stage Cliffs LCA 1 to 4, given the type and scale of development, there will be virtually no effect on the existing baseline situation, in terms of landscape character and quality. Due to the High landscape sensitivity, there will be a Negligible magnitude of impact and significance of effect. The broader area of the Marina LCA on the western side of the River Ouse looks directly towards the port and harbour area. Receptors will include residents and visitors and given the built-up nature of the harbour itself, landscape sensitivity will be Medium. During Stage 1 to 4, given the Marina LCA type and scale of development, there will be virtually no effect on the existing baseline situation, in terms of landscape character and quality. Due to the Medium landscape sensitivity, there will be a Negligible magnitude of impact and significance of effect. Located to the north of the Site and features existing industrial areas east of the River Ouse. Such Mixed areas will have a Low sensitivity. During Stage 1 to 4, given the type and scale of development, Development there will be virtually no effect on the existing baseline situation, in terms of landscape character LCA and quality. Due to the Low landscape sensitivity, there will be a Negligible magnitude of impact and significance of effect. The Recreational LCA includes Fort Newhaven on the western side of the River Ouse and landscape sensitivity will be Medium. During Stage 1 to 4, given the type and scale of Recreational development, there will be virtually no effect on the existing baseline situation, in terms of LCA landscape character and quality. Due to the Medium landscape sensitivity, there will be a Negligible magnitude of impact and significance of effect.

6.5. LANDSCAPE CAPACITY 6.5.1. Landscape capacity relates to the landscape character sensitivity as well as value and is also informed by the effects upon the visual amenity which is assessed in the next Section of the LVIA. It provides an understanding of whether the predicted effects upon the character, as described would be in keeping or not within the current landscape setting. It constitutes an all-encompassing consideration of whether a landscape might be capable of development whilst the essential qualities of the wider landscape character remain unchanged. 6.5.2. The baseline situation of current built form comprises industrial land uses and permitted development including the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area (reference LW/15/0034). 6.5.3. The Proposed Development is divided into Stage 1 to Stage 4 and will be located in the existing port area. The elements of the individual Stages, namely the proposed aggregate processing plant, concrete block plant (building), conveyors and cement silos etc. will be in keeping with existing industrial uses. They are of a suitable type and scale and the identified effects are not overbearing upon the current features of landscape value or in visual terms. 6.5.4. In this regard, it can be concluded that there is sufficient ‘capacity’ to enable the Proposed Development without significant adverse effects to both the character and value of the adjoining landscape.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 6.6. EFFECTS ON LANDSCAPE DESIGNATIONS 6.6.1. The Site is not located within a statutory or non-statutory designated area. 6.6.2. The South Downs National Park has a Very High sensitivity given its designation, although due to the geographic location of existing and permitted development along the River Ouse at Newhaven, the core central areas such as open downland etc. are found at some distance from the Site. Accordingly, the sensitivity in this instance is rated as Medium to High. 6.6.3. Potential effects resulting from Stage 1 to 4 of the Proposed Development will be restricted in such areas, given the type and scale of each Stage involved and in light of the current baseline situation of built form comprising industrial land uses and permitted development including the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area (reference LW/15/0034). For Stage 1 to 4, there would be a Negligible magnitude of impact and significance of effect within a medium range (i.e. 500m) and at further distance. 6.6.4. Potential visual effects from the South Downs National Park are examined further in Section 7: Assessment of Effects. 6.6.5. The Proposed Development will not affect the remaining landscape designations identified on Figure L-DR3: Landscape Designations and Public Rights of Way due to the scale and nature of development, intervening built form and the distance involved.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

7. ASSESSMENT OF VISUAL EFFECTS

7.1. INTRODUCTION 7.1.1. This Section assesses the potential visual effects of the Proposed Development. 7.1.2. When reviewing this Section, reference should be made to Figure L-DR3: Landscape Designations and Public Rights of Way which identifies footpaths, bridleways and byways applicable to specific viewpoint locations. Figure L-DR5: Viewpoint Location Plan, ZTV Mapping and South Downs National Park shows the Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) mapping and the viewpoint locations (1 to 14). 7.1.3. The Proposed Development consists of four separate stages and the construction of the buildings etc. is of temporary or short-term duration and has not been evaluated further in the LVIA. In this instance, assessment focuses on the nature of the built form itself such as size, scale and the arrangement of buildings. 7.1.4. Photomontages have been prepared for five viewpoint locations, No’s 1 to 3, 8 and 11. 7.1.5. The following distances from the Site apply: close range (up to 150m), medium range (up to 500m), long range (up to 1.5km) and distant (beyond 1.5km). 7.1.6. The Methodology used to assess the visual effects is explained in Section 3 of this report.

7.2. SOURCES OF VISUAL IMPACT 7.2.1. The Site is located on the eastern side of Newhaven harbour which is used for mixed industrial and port activities. The main sources of visual impact will include the following. 7.2.2. Stage 1 (2018) Aggregate processing and bagging: situated towards the northern part of the Site and comprising an aggregate processing plant and conveyor. The bagging plant will be housed within an existing building. 7.2.3. Stage 2 (2019) Aggregate storage and siding: continuing as above in Stage 1. The Stage 2 development would be located in the central and western parts of the Site. The latter comprises a conveyor and a BAD storage area. 7.2.4. Stage 3 (2020) Concrete batching plant: continuing as above in Stage 1 and 2. Stage 3 is in the central part of the Site and comprises cement silos. This Stage encompasses the completion of the works to provide

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Stage 2 of the NPAR and the indicative routes to the NPAR from the Site are shown on Figure 1 of the Supporting Statement. 7.2.5. Stage 4 (2020) Concrete block making plant: continuing as above in Stage 1 to Stage 3. Stage 4 is situated within an area that is currently permitted for development through the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area (consent reference LW/15/0034). The concrete block plant (building) will be 15m high along the southern frontage of the building due to the inclined roof structure and sloping to 12.5metres, with other parts of the building 10metres high The building will be 75m long and between 30 and 45m wide, to facilitate the cement silos (12.5m high). By contrast the permitted buildings are assumed to be 55x40metres and up to 13.5metre high, although in reality this might vary (larger and indeed smaller) in the detailed building design stage.

7.3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ZONE OF THEORETICAL VISIBILITY (ZTV) AND VIEWPOINT SELECTION 7.3.1. Figure L-DR5: Viewpoint Location Plan, ZTV Mapping and South Downs National Park shows the Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) mapping. The analysis undertaken to identify the ZTV is explained in Section 3: Methodology. 7.3.2. In the first instance, a ZTV analysis was set to define the potential maximum area of visibility by using ground landform data only and did not account for residential settlement or industrial buildings and is mapped on Figure L-DR5 (red lines). It shows visibility over wide areas of residential settlement, whereas such views would be more limited due to intervening built form etc. 7.3.3. Further ZTV analysis processes were then completed to determine the potential area and range of the following elements (with maximum height assumed): upper conveyor 16m high, the upper concrete block plant (building), 18.5m high and the upper part of the aggregate processing plant and concrete block making plant 18.5m high. 7.3.4. The visibility of the above elements was assessed individually, although it was found that the extent and proportion of the visibility differed in minor ways only and consequently the broad Development Site visibility could be determined as illustrated on Figure L-DR5 (blue lines) and is summarised below:  Immediately adjacent to the Site to the north and also to the east along the beach area;  To the north-east, from lower levels with isolated views beyond c.1.5km;  Isolated areas on the northern periphery of Newhaven at Heighton and on the western edge of East Blatchington beyond c.1.5km;  The western side of Newhaven Harbour including the waterfront, marina and Newhaven Fort, together where residential properties are

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment located on higher ground with south-easterly views; and  North of Harbour Heights generally beyond c.1km to the west. 7.3.5. The initial ZTV analysis was beneficial to establish potential visibility within residential areas and the viewpoint locations take into account views from these areas. Fourteen viewpoint locations are presented as part of the LVIA and receptors include residents, footpath and bridleway users, visitors (e.g. to tourist attractions) and road users. The viewpoints are selected to represent the nature and type of visual amenity from a given area or direction of view. It is not offered as the ‘only view’ but is used to inform a greater understanding of the extent and the nature of the visibility.

7.4. VIEWPOINT LOCATIONS 7.4.1. Figures L-V1A to L-V14 show the fourteen viewpoint locations used for the Visual Impact Assessment. The photographs included in the Visual Impact Assessment for Figures L-V1A to L-V14 and used for the photomontages were taken in summer 2016 apart from for Viewpoint location 6 (September 2017). A Visual Pack showing photographs taken in September 2017 of existing views for Viewpoint locations 1 to 10 is included in Appendix 4 of the LVIA (Sheet 1 to Sheet 12). 7.4.2. With reference to views from close range (i.e. up to 150m), visibility is not illustrated through photographs, given the very close context of the Site, rather a detailed description is provided in Sub-Section 7.5: Visual Impact Assessment (Close Range Views). 7.4.3. For medium range to distant views, the following viewpoint locations are included:  Viewpoint locations No’s 1-3 (Medium Range) incorporating potential views for residents, footpath users, visitors and road users;  Viewpoint locations No’s 4 to 8 (Long Range) which relate to residents, footpath users and road users; and  Viewpoint locations No’s 9 to 14 are distant views. Receptors comprise residents, footpath users and road users.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 7.4.4. Table 13 lists the viewpoint locations and an asterisk (*) denotes that photomontages have been included. Table 13: Viewpoint Locations

VIEWPOINT DESCRIPTION LOCATION NO.

Medium Range Views 1* From Footpath No. N40b 2* From Fort Road looking North-east and From Fort Road looking East 3* From car park near Fort Newhaven Long Range Views 4 From the Sussex Ouse Valley Way 5 From the A259 (Seaford Road) 6 From Footpath No. S3 7 From Hurdis Road 8* From Footpath No. Sh18b 9 From Gibbon Road, Newhaven Distant Views 10 From Near Bishopstone Railway Station 11* From Hill Rise, Seaford 12 From Station Road 13 From Bridleway No. N32e 14 From a Track Near South Heighton (Restricted Byway No. Sh4b)

7.4.5. A narrative is provided for each viewpoint location and describes the following:  Existing view: offers a general description of the view including the location of the Site and identification of the receptor and visual sensitivity;  Baseline Situation: references planning consents of relevance to the Site/the Proposed Development (Stage 1 to 4), such as the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area and NPAR etc.; and  The Proposed Development (Stage 1 to 4): generally, the narrative summarises Stage 1 to 3 together to avoid repetition. As was evident when assessing landscape character effects in the previous Section, the likely effects on visual receptors is limited during Stage 1 to 3, and the magnitude of change from the baseline situation ranges broadly from Negligible to Small. The latter would typically apply when new or additional elements are introduced which would constitute only a minor component of the wider view, which the casual observer could miss or where awareness does not affect the overall quality of the scene. In all such

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment cases, significance of effect was Moderate or more commonly lower and the nature of effect was neutral. 7.4.6. This LVIA also takes into account the project lifecycle and the combined effect of the Stages involved. The impact and effects ratings summarised in the accompanying viewpoint location tables and in Table 29 are the highest assessed level (i.e. worst-case scenario). It is expected that over time, the effect of such changes will diminish and susceptibility to change will be reduced. Consequently, those familiar with the scene will experience a decrease in perceived effects. 7.4.7. Photomontages have been prepared for five viewpoint locations, No’s 1 to 3, 8 and 11. The relevant Figures (L-V1A to L-V3A, L-V8A and L-V11A) demonstrate the existing view and baseline situation with illustrative elements (post construction) relating to the Rampion Operation & Maintenance Facility, the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area (e.g. the consented Port Authority extension area, buildings and cranes) and the permitted route of the Newhaven Port Access Road (NPAR). Stage 1 to 4 of the Proposed Development (post construction) are shown on subsequent Figures (LV1-B etc.).

7.5. VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (CLOSE RANGE VIEWS) 7.5.1. The Site is situated on the eastern side of Newhaven harbour which is used for mixed industrial and port activities rather being set in an open area devoid of existing development. 7.5.2. With the exception of the quay side conveyor and hopper which influences a small area of the West Quay, most close range views are limited to the footpath network to the north and east of the Site and the beach area which comprises gravel and scrub growth and is fully accessible to the public. The footpaths encompass views of the Site and the wider port area and industrial uses form part of the existing scene. 7.5.3. The footpaths and beach area offers access to the wider beach environs together with other walking and recreational activities. Of note are several promoted routes including the Poppy Trail (i.e. the World War I Seaplane Station which was built on the beach between the East Pier and Tide Mills) and the Bishopstone Walk. Furthermore, the nature reserve which forms part of planning consent LW/15/0034 (Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area) is also nearby. The aforementioned may provide an additional attraction for visitors and will bring the public in close proximity to the Site. 7.5.4. Moving slightly further away from the Site, the wider setting of the beach and Mill Creek has a stronger influence upon the visual amenity, albeit, the port area and industrial uses continue to form part of the current scene. 7.5.5. Significant changes to the beach area and coastal frontage will take place due to the Consented Port Authority extension area (which will be fenced). This forms part of the baseline situation which will see the coastal outline alter and the port area expand as a result. Thus, the built form and

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment activities associated with the Site and thereby, the Proposed Development, will be assimilated into this visual amenity. 7.5.6. The fenced boundary of the Consented Port Authority extension area and existing wider port area activities sets a baseline that effectively constrains the expectations of the viewer from the footpaths and beach area. Consequently, there is an ‘acceptance’ in visual terms of the presence of the industry and related activities. This results in a baseline of visual amenity that comprises some industrial buildings, related noise and activity and other built form. Therefore, the Proposed Development will add to this amenity rather than create a new or adverse effect. 7.5.7. Given that the proposed built form is generally similar to that currently in situ and can be successfully integrated, the scale of the change from the baseline situation is minor. Stages 1 to 3 (e.g. buildings and conveyors) are located towards the centre, northern and western parts of the Site. Whilst the magnitude of the effects will be identifiable in terms of a detailed assessment, the actual effects are not likely to exceed to more than a Small level of change above the baseline situation previously described. 7.5.8. For easterly views, Stage 1 to 3 will often be seen against a backdrop of higher ground on the western side of the River Ouse that includes large areas of residential development, whilst existing vertical elements close to the Site already include lighting towers etc. 7.5.9. In Stage 4, the concrete block making plant (building) will be arranged on an east to west alignment and the palisade fencing will filter direct views of its lower elevations and the storage areas. The cladding of the building will primarily be brown in colour on the eastern and southern façades. For easterly views at close range, the difference in colour offers a break in the overall mass of the industrial buildings currently found in the port area. It will mitigate the coalescence of the existing building styles and will be more visually appealing. This will introduce new elements and bring about an identifiable change to the amenity, but it would not affect the overall quality of the scene. 7.5.10. In summary, the variation of the built form for Stage 4 will bring about a Small-Medium magnitude of impact which results in a Minor-Moderate (neutral) significance of effect due to the higher proposed built form, external silos and concrete block stocking area. This would take place in light of the existing setting of the Site and permitted development in the vicinity.

7.6. VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (MEDIUM RANGE VIEWS) Overview 7.6.1. Medium range views incorporate a landscape setting whereby the port area including industrial uses and harbour are still evident in the context of the existing visual amenity. Such land uses and influences are seen in a wider context compared to the close range views previously described. In addition, the backdrop of the South Downs National Park, together with the sea, coastline and beach have a greater influence on the way the

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment overall scene is experienced. In such situations, a change to industrial uses may not necessarily have a large magnitude of impact, so long as it is appropriate to the current situation and is suitable in terms of type and scale. Viewpoint Location 1 From Footpath No. N40b (Viewpoint Analysis: Figure L-V1A to L-V1C) The Existing View 7.6.2. Viewpoint Location 1 is east of the Site (c.200m) from a public footpath (No.40b) (see Figure L-DR3) and is near to a car park within a noticeably busy pedestrian/public access area. Footpath users, already close to the existing industrial areas will have a Medium to High sensitivity. 7.6.3. The area represented by the photograph (Figure L-V1A) is on the edge of the South Downs National Park and is relatively accessible from nearby residential areas further east. Tide Mills is a popular location for local dog walking and provides easy access to the beach area. The history and presence of the Tide Mills ruins provides an added focus for visitors including through the Bishopstone Walk (a promoted walking route by East Sussex County Council). 7.6.4. From this direction, the Site forms part of the backdrop to the scenic amenity of the coastline. Whilst the natural estuary provides a tangible break with regards to the current setting and East Pier acts as a physical boundary in visual terms. Existing development at Newhaven forms the extent and limit to the view and thus, the amenity compromises infrastructure, built form and human activity. The larger expanse of the beach to the east, away from the Site does not share the same visual aspect and is more open and remote as it extends towards Seaford. Consequently, there is a clear division in the amenity centred on the Tide Mills area, when compared to that of the environs of Newhaven. Baseline Situation 7.6.5. When considering the baseline situation, during Stage 3, the NPAR including the bridge crossing will be visible from this area to the east of the Site. The development of the consented Port Authority extension area will create additional built form and a new beach area would create a noticeable feature. Essentially, such areas are likely to merge with and form an extension to the existing amenity evident through a working and active port. A nature reserve will be established adjacent (north) of the footpath as part of planning consent LW/15/0034 (Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area). 7.6.6. Photomontages have been prepared. The existing view and baseline situation is demonstrated by Figure L-V1A. Stage 1 and 2 of the Proposed Development is illustrated on Figure L-V1B and Stage 3 and 4 on Figure L-V1C. Also shown is the permitted route of the NPAR including the bridge crossing.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment The Proposed Development (Stage 1 to Stage 4) 7.6.7. The Proposed Development would be visible but viewed against existing development and rising ground on the western side of the River Ouse. 7.6.8. Stage 1 (the aggregate processing plant and storage areas) and Stage 3 (cement silos) would be seen, although this would constitute only a minor component of the wider view and would not affect the overall quality of the scene. In Stage 2, there would be glimpsed views of the conveyor and the storage areas. 7.6.9. In Stage 4, the concrete block making plant (building) will be arranged on an east to west alignment and the palisade fencing will filter direct views of its lower elevations and the storage areas. Views of the building will be available and cladding will primarily be brown in colour on the eastern façade. The difference in colour offers a break in the overall mass of the industrial buildings currently found in the port area. The low level of the general port area means that the highest elevations of the roof line combined with the location and alignment of the building will preserve more open views towards the headland. In summary, in Stage 4 there will be a recognisable change to the amenity but it will not be intrusive within the overall scene. Table 14: Viewpoint Location 1: From Footpath No. N40b VIEWPOINT LOCATION 1: FROM FOOTPATH NO. N40B Figures: L-V1A to L-V1C, Drawings: Sheet 1 and 3 (Appendix 4) Significance of effect Stage Sensitivity Magnitude of impact (and nature) 1 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral)

2 Medium to High (Footpath Very Small Minor (neutral) 3 users) Small Minor-Moderate (neutral) 4 Small/Medium Moderate (neutral)

Viewpoint Location 2 From Fort Road looking North-east and From Fort Road looking East (Viewpoint Analysis: Figure L-V2A to L-V2E) The Existing View 7.6.10. Viewpoint Location 2 is from the harbour side at ground level and is representative of the visual amenity in the area closest to the Site to the west. Receptors include residents with a High sensitivity. Visitors and road users using Fort Road will have a Medium sensitivity. 7.6.11. Approaching the Site from the town centre and along the West Quay, it is screened by intervening infrastructure and has little or no visual effect. It is not until South Road (merging into Fort Road) passes the marina area and main West Quay development that the road turns to the south-east and alongside the River Ouse. From here, the Site is between 150m and 200m away and in close visual proximity.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 7.6.12. The marina and main harbour area which is north of this particular location have less visual influence, therefore, the port uses on the eastern side represent a more noticeable presence in the overall amenity. Gantries, industrial buildings, lighting towers, scrap metal storage and the general built form are apparent. Residential development and marina related activities create an urban amenity which curtails near a public house (The Hope Inn). There is a more open area closer approaching West Pier and the breakwater, where a car parking area, old huts, sheds and hard surface areas suggests previous activity. 7.6.13. From this location, the existing amenity comprises the port area, metal processing and Rampion building together with boating activity whilst residential properties and apartments are aligned to have direct views over the main harbour area. The general amenity is not one of tranquillity and offers a busy combination of water (including the ferry service) and land activity that signals the main area of Newhaven urbanisation further along the estuary. Baseline Situation 7.6.14. When considering the baseline situation, the development of the consented Port Authority extension area will create additional built form. 7.6.15. Photomontages have been prepared. The existing view and baseline situation is demonstrated by Figure L-V2A and L-2D. Stage 1 and 2 of the Proposed Development is illustrated on Figure L-V2B (looking north-east) and LV-2D (looking east) and Stage 3 and 4 on Figure L-V2C (looking north-east) and LV-2E (looking east). The Proposed Development (Stage 1 to Stage 4) 7.6.16. Development within the existing port area will readily merge with the current infrastructure and whilst particular aspects will be identifiable as new development, the effect and nature of change will not lead to a notable effect. 7.6.17. The Proposed Development would be seen from higher elevations and includes fuller views within respect to activities in the western part of the Site. An assessment of potential views has been undertaken looking north-east and east from Viewpoint Location 2. 7.6.18. From Fort Road looking north-east, in Stage 1, glimpsed views will be available of the aggregate processing plant whilst in Stage 2, the conveyor and storage areas will be seen, although this would constitute only a minor component of the wider view. The same would apply for Stage 4. 7.6.19. From Fort Road looking east, development in Stage 4 will have a greater visual presence and reference to the baseline situation demonstrates the increasing built form and changes to the harbour area that will facilitate increased activity. It would introduce new elements and will bring about an identifiable change to the amenity, although it will not affect the overall quality of the scene.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 7.6.20. In a wider context, Stage 4 will be visible from locations south of this viewpoint location, although such areas are less accessible and not as centred on the public house and residential areas. The West Pier and the breakwater provides for an attraction for visitors and general public and the beach at low tide, fishing activity and backdrop of Fort Newhaven provides a visual context and combine to create an environment of some tranquillity. Table 15: Viewpoint Location 2: From Fort Road looking North- east VIEWPOINT LOCATION 2: FROM FORT ROAD LOOKING NORTH-EAST Figures: L-V2A to L-V2C, Drawings: Sheet 1 and 4 (Appendix 4) Significance of effect Stage Sensitivity Magnitude of impact (and nature) 1 Very Small Minor (neutral) 2 Small Moderate (neutral) High (Residential) 3 No impact None 4 Small Moderate (neutral) 1 Very Small Minor (neutral)

2 Medium (Visitors and road Small Minor-Moderate (neutral) 3 users) No impact None 4 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral)

Table 16: Viewpoint Location 2: From Fort Road East VIEWPOINT LOCATION 2: FROM FORT ROAD LOOKING EAST Figures: L-V2D and L-V2E, Drawings: Sheet 1 and 4 (Appendix 4) Significance of effect Stage Sensitivity Magnitude of impact (and nature) High (Residential) Small-Medium Moderate (neutral) 4 Medium (Visitors and road Small-Medium Minor-Moderate (neutral users)

Viewpoint Location 3 From car park near Fort Newhaven (Viewpoint Analysis: Figure L-V3A to L-V3C) The Existing View 7.6.21. This particular photograph is from a vantage point at the Fort Newhaven car park, west of the Site. It permits a much wider panorama of Newhaven Harbour as well as a more elevated and thus wider view of the Site. Visitors and residents will have a High sensitivity. 7.6.22. The view is from a focal centre and information board, as such it offers a primary location for visitors before progressing towards Fort Newhaven. 7.6.23. Views over the harbour can be gained from some higher locations at Fort Newhaven. The previous location (Viewpoint location 2) was selected as being representative of the wider visual amenity and provides a typical view that is more likely to be experienced when compared to those from Fort Newhaven where the aspect is primarily enclosed and offers its own history and visual context.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 7.6.24. From Viewpoint Location 3, the existing porta cabins can be seen with the sheds and area of hardstanding being visible behind. It is possible that comparable views may be available from within Fort Newhaven itself. In addition, nearby apartments will gain an amenity broadly balanced between Viewpoint location 2 and 3. 7.6.25. Modern industrial uses are very much evident and the character and nature of the current amenity are important factors. The rolling downland hills of the South Downs National Park form a backdrop together with residential areas near Rookery Hill and the urban areas of Bishopstone and Seaford. Although of interest it does not offer a high level of scenic quality and the industrial character of the harbour is a key component in the view. Baseline Situation 7.6.26. When considering the baseline situation, during Stage 3, the NPAR including the bridge crossing and will be visible from this area looking in a westerly direction across the Site. The development of the consented Port Authority extension area will create additional built form. Essentially, the latter will merge with and form an extension to the existing amenity evident through a working and active port. 7.6.27. The existing view and baseline situation is demonstrated by Figure L-V3A. Stage 1 and 2 of the Proposed Development is illustrated on Figure L-V3B and Stage 3 and 4 on Figure L-V3C. The Proposed Development (Stage 1 to Stage 4) 7.6.28. The higher elevation of this particular viewpoint location offers a wider view of the Proposed Development. 7.6.29. Stage 1 (aggregate processing plant) and Stage 2 (conveyor and storage areas) would be seen albeit, they constitute only a minor component of the wider view. Whilst in Stage 3, the cement silos will just be discernible. Development in Stage 4 will have a greater visual presence and reference to the baseline situation demonstrates the built form and changes to the harbour area that will facilitate increased activity. Views will mainly be available of the western façade of the concrete block plant (building), cement silos and the storage areas above the palisade fencing. There would be a recognisable change to the amenity but it will not be intrusive within the overall scene.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Table 17: Viewpoint Location 3: From car park near Fort Newhaven VIEWPOINT LOCATION 3: FROM CAR PARK NEAR FORT NEWHAVEN Figures: L-V3A to L-V3C, Drawings: Sheet 2 and 5 (Appendix 4) Magnitude of Significance of effect Stage Sensitivity impact (and nature) 1 Small Moderate (neutral)

2 High (Visitors and Small Moderate (neutral) 3 residential) Very Small Minor (neutral) 4 Small/Medium Moderate (neutral)

7.7. VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (LONG RANGE) 7.7.1. At a long range, the Site remains visible as part of the backdrop which comprises the built form of Newhaven (port area etc.) and the coastline. Viewpoint Location 4 From the Sussex Ouse Valley Way (Viewpoint Analysis: Figure L-V4) The Existing View 7.7.2. Viewpoint Location 4 is located on the Sussex Ouse Valley Walk south- east of the Site. Closer to the Site the route is at a lower elevation than that of demonstrated by the photograph and views are restricted by vegetation. Footpath users will have a High sensitivity. 7.7.3. This particular location is representative of the views broadly gained along the coast. Nearer to Seaford and Bishopstone there are car parking facilities and residential areas together with holiday homes/caravans and is close to access from Seaford. Thus, it represents a popular and busy area for outdoor recreation and activity. Buckle Caravan and Camp Site is nearby and there is a café at the Newhaven and Seaford Sailing Club. Therefore, it is readily accessible with car park facilities and local residential areas. The curved roof of the new Rampion building can be seen from this location but this has no real noticeable visual consequence. 7.7.4. The elevation of the photograph is broadly comparable to that of the Site and port area. Consequently, the existing industrial buildings lie low within the wider panoramic scene. The roof lines of the existing sheds and porta cabins can be identified, although lower ground floor levels are hidden by sand dunes and intervening landform. The more visible and noticeable backdrop comprises the residential areas of Newhaven which are sited on rising ground together with the marina and adjacent apartments. Baseline Situation 7.7.5. When considering the baseline situation, during Stage 3, glimpses may be available of the NPAR bridge crossing from this area, east of the Site. The development of the consented Port Authority extension area will create additional built form (as indicated) and such areas will merge with and form an extension to the existing amenity evident through a working and active port.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 7.7.6. A nature reserve will be established further west of this viewpoint location as part of planning consent LW/15/0034 (Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area). The Proposed Development (Stage 1 to Stage 4) 7.7.7. The Proposed Development is towards c.1.5km at this point and views of some higher elements will be available but in a wider context and within the existing port area. This may include the upper elevations of the aggregate processing plant (Stage 1) and cement silos (Stage 3). 7.7.8. In Stage 4, the concrete block making plant (building) will be arranged on an east to west alignment and the palisade fencing will filter direct views of its lower elevations and the storage areas. Broader views of the building will be available and cladding will primarily be brown in colour on the eastern façade. The difference in colour offers a break in the overall mass of the industrial buildings currently found in the port area. It would introduce new elements and will bring about an identifiable change to the amenity, although it will not affect the overall quality of the scene. Table 18: Viewpoint Location 4: From the Sussex Ouse Valley Way VIEWPOINT LOCATION 4: FROM THE SUSSEX OUSE VALLEY WAY Figures: L-V4, Drawings: Sheet 2 and 6 (Appendix 4) Significance of effect Stage Sensitivity Magnitude of impact (and nature) 1 Very Small Minor (neutral) 2 Negligible Negligible High (Footpath users) 3 Very Small Minor (neutral) 4 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral)

Viewpoint Location 5 From the A259 (Seaford Road) (Viewpoint Analysis: Figure L-V5) The Existing View 7.7.9. Viewpoint Location 5 is north-east of the Site and is taken from the roadside near to an area of parking (a layby) on the A259 (Seaford Road). A section of National Route 2 cycleway continues along the A259. Road users using the A259 would have a Low sensitivity. Nearby footpaths users and from other public accessed areas will have a Medium sensitivity. 7.7.10. Houses to the south-west of Rookery Hill have a direction of view towards Newhaven harbour and the broader seascape. The photograph demonstrates the typical view from the lower valley floor and shows the screening effect of vegetation that restricts broader views of the Site. However, it is recognised that substantial number of houses on the adjacent hill elevation obtain a view to the south-west.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 7.7.11. The current view towards the Site and includes the flat floodplain of the River Ouse together with scrub and other vegetation. It provides a visual and physical separation between the viewer and the environs of Newhaven. The industrial nature of the port area and the harbour can be identified. Whilst the headland and rising ground on the western side of the River Ouse which features residential development acts as a backdrop. Baseline Situation 7.7.12. When considering the current baseline situation, views will incorporate the Consented Port Authority extension area and encompass the NPAR including the bridge crossing which will take place during Stage 3 of the Proposed Development. The Proposed Development (Stage 1 to Stage 4) 7.7.13. Due to the elevation of the viewpoint location and the Proposed Development, views of activities at lower levels will be limited. Stage 1 (aggregate processing plant) and Stage 3 (higher elevations of the cement silos) would constitute only a minor component of the wider view. In Stage 4, there will be views of the upper limits of the concrete block plant (building) including the northern and eastern façades and roof line. It would introduce new elements and will bring about an identifiable change to the amenity although it will not affect the overall quality of the scene. Table 19: Viewpoint Location 5: From the A259 (Seaford Road) VIEWPOINT LOCATION 5: FROM THE A259 (SEAFORD ROAD) Figures: LV-5, Drawings: Sheet 7 (Appendix 4) Significance of effect Stage Sensitivity Magnitude of impact (and nature) 1 Small Minor 2 Very Small Negligible Low (Road users) 3 Small Minor (neutral) 4 Small Minor (neutral) 1 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral) 2 Medium (Footpath Very Small Minor (neutral) users/other public accessed 3 areas) Small Minor-Moderate (neutral) 4 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral)

Viewpoint Location 6 From Footpath S3 (Viewpoint Analysis: Figure L-V6) The Existing View 7.7.14. Viewpoint location 6 is on a public footpath (No. S3) north of Rookery Hill (as shown on Figure L-DR3) and is on the edge of the South Downs National Park. For footpath users, there will be a Medium sensitivity. 7.7.15. The footpath links to the A259 (Seaford Road) and then connects to another footpath route (S30a) prior to progressing in a south-westerly direction towards Tide Mills where it joins the Sussex Ouse Valley Way.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 7.7.16. The foreground open fields and vegetation provides a visual and physical separation between the viewer and the urban environment of Newhaven including the port area and encompasses the Site. 7.7.17. The wider environs of Newhaven feature residential and industrial development and are visible as part of the wider landscape view. The steep cliffs and breakwater provide stark contrast, whilst the port area has less visual prominence in a broader context. The component part of the seascape is also distinctive when compared with Newhaven and the rolling downlands in the distance. The harbour area occupies lower lying ground and is seen as a peripheral area to Newhaven which chiefly comprises residential areas arranged on rising ground and acts as a backdrop to the scene. Baseline Situation 7.7.18. When considering the current baseline situation, views will incorporate the Consented Port Authority extension area and the permitted route of the NPAR including a bridge over Mill Creek which will take place during Stage 3 of the Proposed Development. The Proposed Development (Stage 1 to Stage 4) 7.7.19. Stage 1 and 2 will be almost imperceptible from this location, whilst in Stage 3 the higher elevations of the cement silos may be seen. 7.7.20. Stage 4 will be viewed as a new area of development and the baseline would increase the area of industrial units being seen. The contribution to the wider visual amenity may be reduced given the lower elevations of the Site (and elements of the Proposed Development) alongside existing industrial structures which provide context and setting. There will be views of the upper limits of the concrete block plant (building) including the eastern façade and roof line, however this would constitute only a minor component of the wider view. Table 20: Viewpoint Location 6: From Footpath No. S3 VIEWPOINT LOCATION 6: FROM FOOTPATH NO. S3 Figures: LV-6, Drawings: Sheet 8 (Appendix 4) Significance of effect Stage Sensitivity Magnitude of impact (and nature) 1 Negligible Negligible 2 Negligible Negligible Medium (Footpath users) 3 Very Small Minor (neutral) 4 Small Minor-moderate (neutral)

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Viewpoint Location 7 From Hurdis Road (Viewpoint Analysis: Figure L-V7) The Existing View 7.7.21. Viewpoint location 7 is east of the Site and is from an area of higher ground. Residential development to the south of Rookery Hill has an aspect to the south-west which incorporates the Newhaven area and the Site. Road users will have a Medium sensitivity and for residents there would be a High sensitivity. 7.7.22. The location is just to the north-east of Viewpoint location 6 and offers a similar broad amenity, whilst distance is part of the mitigating influence both of the Site (and Proposed Development). 7.7.23. The photograph is taken from a publicly accessible location (Hurdis Road) and there will be comparable views from private dwellings. The current scene includes housing in close proximity. At a further distance, glimpses of open fields and vegetation provides a visual and physical separation between the viewer and the port area that incorporates the Site. Wider views are available for the headland, whilst residential development situated on rising ground in Newhaven provides a backdrop. Baseline Situation 7.7.24. When considering the current baseline situation, views will incorporate the Consented Port Authority extension area and the permitted route of the NPAR including a bridge over Mill Creek which will take place during Stage 3 of the Proposed Development. The Proposed Development (Stage 1 to Stage 4) 7.7.25. The Proposed Development is over 1km from the viewer and elements will be seen against existing industrial development of the port area. 7.7.26. Views would be available of the higher elevations in Stage 1 (aggregate processing plant) and Stage 3 (cement silos), albeit they would constitute only a minor component of the wider view. In Stage 4, there will be views of the upper limits of the concrete block plant (building) including the eastern façade and roof line. It would introduce new elements and will bring about an identifiable change to the amenity although it will not affect the overall quality of the scene.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Table 21: Viewpoint Location 7: From Hurdis Road VIEWPOINT LOCATION 7: FROM HURDIS ROAD Figures: L-V7, Drawings: Sheet 9 (Appendix 4) Significance of effect Stage Sensitivity Magnitude of impact (and nature) 1 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral) 2 Very Small Minor (neutral) Medium (Road users) 3 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral) 4 Small-Medium Minor-Moderate (neutral) 1 Small Moderate (neutral) 2 Very Small Minor (neutral) High (Residential) 3 Small Moderate (neutral) 4 Small-Medium Moderate (neutral)

Viewpoint Location 8 From Footpath No. Sh18b (Viewpoint Analysis: Figure L-V8A to L-V8C) The Existing View 7.7.27. Viewpoint location 8 is on a public footpath (No. Sh18b) north of Rookery Hill (as shown on Figure L-DR3) and is on the edge of the South Downs National Park. For footpath users, there will be a Medium sensitivity. 7.7.28. The public footpath encompasses a more open and appealing downland character compared to previous views. At this distance (c.1.5km), the influence and characteristics of the South Downs National Park have greater prominence in comparison to the earlier viewpoint locations. 7.7.29. This particular location is from a high elevation when compared to that of the Newhaven Harbour and Mill Creek area and is on the edge of the ZTV illustrated by Figure L-DR5. There is a sense of isolation from the urban areas, albeit they are still very visible. Expanses of downland can be seen and experienced to the north, although the foreground of arable agricultural land and equestrian grazing is more common towards the A259 (Seaford Road). Flood plain land including the grid of narrow channels (wet fences) which divide pasture fields and the Ouse Estuary Nature Reserve also influences the setting. The Site is viewed in a wider context and the broader scene is a greater attraction rather than specific site activities. Newhaven, the port area and harbour have less visual prominence, although the urban environs of the town remain relatively noticeable. 7.7.30. The sea, coastline and manmade structures such as the breakwater at the entrance to Newhaven Harbour are prominent. Sufficient distance exists between the viewer and the Site, hence, the context and visual amenity is the main source of effect. In this regard, the built form of the harbour is already established and the changes being proposed will not have a noticeable effect.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Baseline Situation 7.7.31. When considering the current baseline situation, views will incorporate the Consented Port Authority extension area and the permitted route of the NPAR including a bridge over Mill Creek which will take place during Stage 3 of the Proposed Development. 7.7.32. Photomontages have been prepared. The existing view and baseline situation is demonstrated by Figure L-V7A. Stage 1 and 2 of the Proposed Development is illustrated on Figure L-V7B and Stage 3 and 4 on Figure L-V7C. The Proposed Development (Stage 1 to Stage 4) 7.7.33. The Proposed Development would be seen in a wider context and is within a cluster of existing development in the port area and lower levels are generally hidden. 7.7.34. In Stage 1 (aggregate processing plant and storage areas) and Stage 3 (cement silos) views may be available albeit, this would constitute only a minor component of the wider view. In Stage 4, there will be views of the upper limits of the concrete block plant (building) including the northern and eastern façades above palisade fencing together with the roof line of the building. The storage areas will be in view, although given their location they will be sited closer to the coastline whilst the concrete block plant (building) is situated nearer to other built form directly north. It would introduce new elements and will bring about an identifiable change to the amenity and will not affect the overall quality of the scene. Table 22: Viewpoint Location 8: From Footpath No. Sh18b VIEWPOINT LOCATION 8: FROM FOOTPATH NO. SH18B Figures: L-V8A to L-V8C, Drawings: Sheet 10 (Appendix 4) Significance of effect Stage Sensitivity Magnitude of impact (and nature) 1 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral) 2 Very Small Minor (neutral) Medium (Footpath users) 3 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral) 4 Small-Medium Minor-Moderate (neutral)

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Viewpoint Location 9 From Gibbon Road, Newhaven (Viewpoint Analysis: Figure L-V9) The Existing View 7.7.35. Viewpoint Location 9 offers a view from Gibbon Road, west of the Site and residents will have a High sensitivity. 7.7.36. Direct views from residential properties are less likely given the alignment of houses compared to that of the view illustrated by the photograph. The assessment assumes a view towards the Site may be gained from a residential property, albeit this would be limited to the properties on the higher areas of the hill on the south-western edge of Newhaven. 7.7.37. The foreground encompasses residential areas and the port area (including the Site) and coastal infrastructure forms part of the middle distance. The beach, dunes area and River Ouse floodplain are seen at further distance and provide a physical and visual separation to the distant residential areas of Seaford. Baseline Situation 7.7.38. When considering the baseline situation, the existing amenity incorporates the Rampion building, although the wider Consented Port Authority extension area is less directly visible and will have almost no consequential effect, either in terms of the baseline situation or when considering the Proposed Development. The Proposed Development (Stage 1 to Stage 4) 7.7.39. This viewpoint location offers a westerly view towards the Proposed Development and is just over 1km from the Site. Stage 1 (aggregate processing plant) and Stage 3 (upper elevations of the cement silos) would constitute only a minor component of the wider view. The likely effects in Stage 2 due to the conveyor and storage areas in the western part of the Site will be minimal. In Stage 4, the concrete block plant (building) etc. will not be in view. Table 23: Viewpoint Location 9: From Gibbon Road, Newhaven VIEWPOINT LOCATION 9: FROM GIBBON ROAD, NEWHAVEN Figures: L-V9, Drawings: Sheet 11 (Appendix 4) Significance of effect Stage Sensitivity Magnitude of impact (and nature) 1 Small Moderate (neutral) 2 Very Small Minor (neutral) High (Residential) 3 Small Moderate (neutral) 4 No impact None

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 7.8. VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (DISTANT VIEWS) Viewpoint Location 10 From Near Bishopstone Railway Station (Viewpoint Analysis: Figure L-V10) The Existing View 7.8.1. Photograph 10 presents a view from the residential areas of Bishopstone on the edge of Seaford, east of the Site. Residents will have a High sensitivity. 7.8.2. The existing scene encompasses a greater panoramic aspect when compared to previous locations. Houses, caravans and other development form the foreground and transport routes including the A259 (Seaford Road) and the railway line are evident. Playing fields and then agricultural fields at a further distance provide a physical and visual separation between the environs of Seaford and Newhaven. 7.8.3. The sea, coastline and headland are prominent features. Although individual buildings and activities such as the port area or harbour are not distinct and are over c.1.5km and new development in this area will be effectively hidden. Aspects of the Site including existing buildings can be seen but alongside current development in close proximity. 7.8.4. The environs of Newhaven act as a distant backdrop and existing development on rising ground on the western side of the River Ouse is a key feature of the visual amenity. In comparison, the port area and harbour sits low in the overall field of view and is notably separate to areas of the South Downs National Park which is seen on the right-hand edge of the view. Baseline Situation 7.8.5. When considering the current baseline situation, views will incorporate the Consented Port Authority extension area which will increase the visual context of the harbour, but essentially, it will remain at a low level in the scene. It also encompasses the permitted route of the NPAR including a bridge over Mill Creek which will take place during Stage 3 of the Proposed Development. The Proposed Development (Stage 1 to Stage 4) 7.8.6. This viewpoint location looks in an easterly direction towards the Site and the Proposed Development will be seen along with other industrial type buildings and against rising ground. 7.8.7. In Stage 1 (aggregate processing plant) and Stage 3 (upper elevations of the cement silos) would constitute only a minor component of the wider view. In Stage 4, the concrete block making plant (building) will be arranged on an east to west alignment and views of the upper elevations of the building will be available with cladding primarily brown in colour on the eastern façade. It would introduce new elements and will bring about an identifiable change to the amenity although it will not affect the overall quality of the scene.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Table 24: Viewpoint Location 10: From Near Bishopstone Railway Station VIEWPOINT LOCATION 10: FROM NEAR BISHOPSTONE RAILWAY STATION Figures: L-V10, Drawings: Sheet 12 (Appendix 4) Significance of effect Stage Sensitivity Magnitude of impact (and nature) 1 Very Small Minor (neutral) 2 Negligible Negligible High (Residential) 3 Very Small Minor (neutral) 4 Small-Medium Moderate (neutral)

Viewpoint Location 11 From Hill Rise, Seaford (Viewpoint Analysis: Figure L-V11A to L-V11C) The Existing View 7.8.8. Viewpoint Location 11 is from the residential areas of Bishopstone on the edge of Seaford, east of the Site and residents will have a High sensitivity. 7.8.9. The existing scene encompasses residential development in the foreground and the scene expands looking eastwards. The environs of Newhaven act as a backdrop (above nearby residential properties), although individual buildings and activities such as the port area or harbour are not distinct from this distance. Baseline Situation 7.8.10. When considering the current baseline situation, views will incorporate the Consented Port Authority extension area and the Rampion building. The former will create additional built form however, such areas are likely to merge with and form an extension to the existing amenity evident through a working and active port. 7.8.11. Photomontages have been prepared. The existing view and baseline situation is demonstrated by Figure L-V11A. Stage 1 and 2 is illustrated on Figure L-V11B and Stage 3 and 4 on Figure L-V11C. The Proposed Development (Stage 1 to Stage 4) 7.8.12. This viewpoint offers an easterly view towards the Proposed Development (just beyond c.1.5km) and some elements will be seen in a wider context against existing development and rising ground. 7.8.13. Upper elevations of elements in Stage 1 (aggregate processing plant) and Stage 3 (cement silos) will be possible. In Stage 4, the concrete block making plant (building) will be arranged on an east to west alignment and views of the brown cladding of the eastern façade will be available. It will be situated and viewed from this location close to built form. The palisade fencing will replicate the horizontal infrastructure on the coast such as the breakwater which is seen in a wider context. Stage 4 will introduce new elements and will bring about an identifiable change to the amenity although it will not affect the overall quality of the scene.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Table 25: Viewpoint Location 11: From Hill Rise, Seaford VIEWPOINT LOCATION 11: FROM HILL RISE, SEAFORD Figures: L-V11A to L-V11C, Drawings: N/A Significance of effect Stage Sensitivity Magnitude of impact (and nature) 1 Very Small Minor (neutral) 2 Negligible Negligible High (Residential) 3 Very Small Minor (neutral) 4 Small Moderate (neutral)

Viewpoint Location 12 From Station Road (Viewpoint Analysis: Figure L-V12-13) The Existing View 7.8.14. Viewpoint Location 12 is located north of the Site on the edge of Denton and is just beyond c.1.5km. Receptors will include road users on Station Road (Medium sensitivity). 7.8.15. Residential development comprises the foreground and the scene expands across agricultural fields and the open area of the Ouse Estuary Nature Reserve which provides some separation for the viewer. The Site can be viewed towards the centre of the photograph, however, there is a low proportion of visibility and it is mainly hidden behind foreground (closer) industrial buildings. Baseline Situation 7.8.16. When considering the current baseline situation, views will incorporate the Consented Port Authority extension area, albeit at distance. Closer to the viewer will be development at Newhaven Eastside. The Proposed Development (Stage 1 to Stage 4) 7.8.17. The Proposed Development will be located within areas clearly visible and interpreted as being of an industrial character. During Stage 1, the higher elevations of the aggregate processing plant may be visible, albeit the change will not be prominent given the existing view and current baseline situation previously described. Likely effects during Stage 2 and 3 will be minimal. In Stage 4, views would be available of the higher elevations of the northern façade and roofline of the concrete block plant (building), although at a distance from the viewer. Table 26: Viewpoint Location 12: From Station Road VIEWPOINT LOCATION 12: FROM STATION ROAD Figures: L-V12-13, Drawings: N/A Significance of effect Stage Sensitivity Magnitude of impact (and nature) 1 Very Small Minor (neutral) 2 Negligible Negligible Medium (Road users) 3 Negligible Negligible 4 Very Small Minor (neutral)

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Viewpoint Location 13 From Bridleway No. N32e (Viewpoint Analysis: Figure L-V12-13) The Existing View 7.8.18. Viewpoint Location 13 is located broadly north of the Site from Bridleway No. N32e (see Figure L-DR3) and is on the edge of the ZTV mapping shown on Figure L-DR5. Receptors include bridleway users with a Medium sensitivity. 7.8.19. The existing view comprises rolling downland in the foreground and the scene expands further south with undulating landform of the South Downs National Park and the open area of the Ouse Estuary Nature Reserve which provides some separation for the viewer. 7.8.20. The Site is viewed towards the centre of the photograph, however from such locations, it generally has a low proportion of visibility and is mainly hidden behind foreground (i.e. closer) industrial buildings. Clearer views are available of the breakwater and the western side of the River Ouse which provides the backdrop to the scene. The environs of Newhaven including industrial and residential development can be seen to the right of the photograph. Baseline Situation 7.8.21. When considering the current baseline situation, from this angle of view and elevation (c.70mAOD), views incorporate the Consented Port Authority extension area. Closer to the viewer will be development at Newhaven Eastside. The Proposed Development (Stage 1 to Stage 4) 7.8.22. The Proposed Development is viewed at an acute angle from this viewpoint location and will be located within areas that are clearly visible and interpreted as being of an industrial character. 7.8.23. During Stage 1, the higher elevations of the aggregate processing plant may be visible, albeit the change will not be prominent given the existing view and current baseline situation previously described. Likely effects during Stage 2 and 3 will be minimal. In Stage 4, views would be available of the higher elevations of the northern façade and roofline of the concrete block plant (building), albeit at distance. It would be seen as a minor component of the wider view and would not affect the overall quality of the scene.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Table 27: Viewpoint Location 13: From Bridleway No. N32e VIEWPOINT LOCATION 13: FROM BRIDLEWAY NO. N32E Figures: L-V12-13, Drawings: N/A Significance of effect Stage Sensitivity Magnitude of impact (and nature) 1 Very Small Minor (neutral) 2 Negligible Negligible Medium (Bridleway users) 3 Negligible Negligible 4 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral)

Viewpoint Location 14 From a Track Near South Heighton (Restricted Byway No. Sh4b) (Viewpoint Analysis: Figure L-V14) The Existing View 7.8.24. This particular photograph is from a track just north of South Heighton (restricted byway No. Sh4b is identified on Figure L-DR3). It is representative of potential views from the rolling downland areas of the South Downs National Park and walkers using the restricted byway will have a Medium sensitivity. 7.8.25. The view is almost at 2.5km and the Site remains broadly hidden by foreground development and existing vegetation. Site appraisal work determined that to permit views from the South Downs National Park, the elevation and distance needs to be of a type that renders the Site and thereby, the Proposed Development more visible. This is also evident through the ZTV mapping on Figure L-DR5. The Baseline Situation 7.8.26. Given the distance involved and the low level of the port area, the Consented Port Authority extension area and Rampion building will have almost no consequential effect, either in terms of the baseline situation or when considering the Proposed Development. The Proposed Development (Stage 1 to Stage 4) 7.8.27. The Proposed Development is mainly hidden due to intervening built form located near the Site and it will not materially alter the existing view during Stages 1 to 3. In Stage 4, the upper elevations of the northern façade and roofline of the concrete block plant (building) may be discernible, albeit at distance.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Table 28: Viewpoint Location 14: From a Track Near South Heighton (Restricted Byway No. Sh4b) VIEWPOINT LOCATION 14: FROM A TRACK NEAR SOUTH HEIGHTON (RESTRICTED BYWAY NO. SH4B) Figures: L-V14, Drawings: N/A Significance of effect Stage Sensitivity Magnitude of impact (and nature) 1 Negligible Negligible

2 Medium (Restricted Byway Negligible Negligible 3 users) Negligible Negligible 4 Very Small Minor (neutral)

7.9. VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SUMMARY) 7.9.1. Table 29 presents a summary table of the Visual Impact Assessment. Overall, potential visual effects identified through Stages 1 to 4 will be in keeping with existing land uses and the immediate industrial setting of the port area. 7.9.2. Field work undertaken as part of the LVIA found that the following aspects are of importance and limits the potential effects resulting from Stages 1 to 4 of the Proposed Development:  The Site has existing industrial uses which are also found in close proximity;  The Site is located in an area of low lying land which includes the port area. Consequently, potential views of the Proposed Development can be obscured due to existing built form and due to the lack of elevated views to the north and north-west of Newhaven;  The existing land uses found along the River Ouse in Newhaven are an important factor for views east of the Site. The Proposed Development will be seen within the existing port area and given the location of Stage 1 to Stage 3, elements such as the aggregate processing plant and cement silos etc. are seen against a back drop of rising ground comprising trees, open grassland and primarily residential development, on the western side of the River Ouse;  In Stage 4, the concrete block making plant (building) will be arranged on an east to west alignment and close to the other Stages of the Proposed Development. Palisade fencing will filter direct views of the lower elevations of the building and the storage areas. The cladding of the building will primarily be brown in colour on the eastern and southern façades. For easterly views (close

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment and medium range), the difference in colour offers a break in the overall mass of the industrial buildings currently found in the port area. It will mitigate the coalescence of the existing building style and will be more visually appealing. Stage 4 will replace the developable area identified through the Consented Port Authority extension area and although exact details regarding the built form of the latter are not currently available, it is reasonable to assume that other buildings would be constructed up to the southern boundary; and  With respect to potential views from the South Downs National Park, given the type and scale of development, industrial land uses established in the port area, combined with the lack of elevated locations; only limited views of Stage 1 to 4 of the Proposed Development would be available. Furthermore, potential views from the edge of the South Downs National Park might be considered not as sensitive to those in less modified landscapes at further distance from coastal areas and industrial development.

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STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT MAGNITUDE OF IMPACT (INDIVIDUAL SIGNIFICANCE OF EFFECT (INDIVIDUAL VP NO. DESCRIPTION SENSITIVITY (INDIVIDUAL STAGES) STAGES) STAGES) Medium Range Views Stage 1 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral) Stage 2 Very Small Minor (neutral) 1 From Footpath No. N40b Medium to High (Footpath users) Stage 3 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral) Stage 4 Small-Medium Moderate (neutral) Stage 1 Very Small Minor (neutral) Stage 2 Small Moderate (neutral) High (Residential) Stage 3 No impact None Stage 4 Small Moderate (neutral) From Fort Road looking North-east Stage 1 Very Small Minor (neutral) 2 Medium (Visitors and road users) Stage 2 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral) Stage 3 No impact None Stage 4 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral) High (Residential) Stage 4 Small-Medium Moderate (neutral) From Fort Road looking East Medium (Visitors and road users) Stage 4 Small-Medium Minor-Moderate (neutral Stage 1 Small Moderate (neutral) Stage 2 Small Moderate (neutral) 3 From car park near Fort Newhaven High (Visitors and residential) Stage 3 Very Small Minor (neutral) Stage 4 Small-Medium Moderate (neutral) Long Range Views Stage 1 Very Small Minor (neutral) Stage 2 Negligible Negligible 4 From the Sussex Ouse Valley Way High (Footpath users) Stage 3 Very Small Minor (neutral) Stage 4 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral) Stage 1 Small Minor Stage 2 Very Small Negligible Low (Road users) Stage 3 Small Minor (neutral) Stage 4 Small Minor (neutral) 5 From the A259 (Seaford Road) Stage 1 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral) Stage 2 Very Small Minor (neutral) Medium (Footpath users/other public accessed areas) Stage 3 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral) Stage 4 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral) Stage 1 Negligible Negligible Stage 2 Negligible Negligible 6 From Footpath No. S3 Medium (Footpath users) Stage 3 Very Small Minor Stage 4 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral)

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STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT VP NO. DESCRIPTION SENSITIVITY MAGNITUDE OF IMPACT (INDIVIDUAL STAGES) SIGNIFICANCE OF EFFECT (INDIVIDUAL STAGES) (INDIVIDUAL STAGES) Stage 1 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral) Stage 2 Very Small Minor (neutral) Medium (Road users) Stage 3 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral) Stage 4 Small-Medium Minor-Moderate (neutral) 7 From Hurdis Road Stage 1 Small Moderate (neutral) Stage 2 Very Small Minor (neutral) High (Residential) Stage 3 Small Moderate (neutral) Stage 4 Small-Medium Moderate (neutral) Stage 1 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral) Stage 2 Very Small Minor (neutral) 8 From Footpath No. Sh18b Medium (Footpath users) Stage 3 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral) Stage 4 Small-Medium Minor-Moderate (neutral) Stage 1 Small Moderate (neutral) Stage 2 Very Small Minor (neutral) 9 From Gibbon Road, Newhaven High (Residential) Stage 3 Small Moderate (neutral) Stage 4 No impact None Distant Views Stage 1 Very Small Minor (neutral) Stage 2 Negligible Negligible 10 From Near Bishopstone Railway Station High (Residential) Stage 3 Very Small Minor (neutral) Stage 4 Small-Medium Moderate (neutral) Stage 1 Very Small Minor (neutral) Stage 2 Negligible Negligible 11 From Hill Rise, Seaford High (Residential) Stage 3 Very Small Minor (neutral) Stage 4 Small Moderate (neutral) Stage 1 Very Small Minor (neutral) Stage 2 Negligible Negligible 12 From Station Road Medium (Road users) Stage 3 Negligible Negligible Stage 4 Very Small Minor (neutral) Stage 1 Very Small Minor (neutral) Stage 2 Negligible Negligible 13 From Bridleway No. N32e Medium (Bridleway users) Stage 3 Negligible Negligible Stage 4 Small Minor-Moderate (neutral) Stage 1 Negligible Negligible Stage 2 Negligible Negligible 14 From a Track Near South Heighton (Restricted Byway No. Sh4b) Medium (Restricted Byway users) Stage 3 Negligible Negligible Stage 4 Very Small Minor (neutral)

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

8. MITIGATION

8.1. INTRODUCTION 8.1.1. The Proposed Development consists of four separate Stages 1 to 4 and further details including technical specifications are provided in the Supporting Statement. 8.1.2. The construction of individual buildings etc. is of temporary or short-term duration and has not been evaluated further as part of the LVIA. In this instance, assessment focuses on the nature of the built form itself such as size, scale and arrangement of buildings. 8.1.3. Section 4: The Baseline Situation describes the current state of the Site, immediate vicinity and surrounding landscape. The Site is located on the eastern side of Newhaven harbour which is used for mixed industrial and port activities, close to the mouth of the River Ouse. Industrial buildings sheds are situated in the eastern part of the Site and there are large areas of concrete hardstanding to the north and south of the buildings. 8.1.4. The LVIA has considered planning permissions as part of the baseline situation and the most relevant are summarised in Table 7 of the report. This includes the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area (reference LW/15/0034) and other planning consents in the vicinity such as the Rampion Operation & Maintenance Facility and NPAR.

8.2. MITIGATION MEASURES INCORPORATED INTO THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT 8.2.1. Having reviewed the Proposed Development, mitigation measures include the grouping of Stages 1 to 3 close to or within existing buildings, for instance the bagging plant in Stage 1. 8.2.2. As part of the design process, B&A evaluated a simplified form of the concrete block plant (building) which forms part of Stage 4 of the Proposed Development. This is an important aspect of the approach to the iterative process of assessment, design and the consideration of different options and consequential landscape and visual effects. Following which, B&A identified an opportunity for an improved scheme to provide enhanced landscape and visual effects. Subsequently, the architects, Corstorphine+Wright assisted in the design process and the proposals for the concrete block making plant (building) in Stage 4 have evolved and the following is of note:  The building will be orientated on an east to west alignment to mitigate key views including from the western side of Newhaven harbour and to the east of the Site from the beach area, notably from within close and medium range. In

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment addition, the palisade fencing will filter direct views of the concrete block making plant and storage area;  The cladding of the building will primarily be brown in colour on the eastern and southern façades. For easterly views, the difference in colour offers a break in the overall mass of the industrial buildings currently found in the port area. It will mitigate the coalescence of the existing building style found within the port area and will be more visually appealing;  When the Site is viewed in a wider context, the building will be seen against a backdrop of rising ground including areas of residential development (brick built often with brown and red roofs), trees and grassland. The beach area consists of areas of sand dunes, gravel and scrub growth which are part of the setting leading up to the building itself; and  The highest elevations of the roof line combined with the location and alignment of the building will preserve more open views towards the headland.

8.3. RESIDUAL EFFECTS 8.3.1. With regards to any effects remaining after mitigation, as outlined previously, the Proposed Development includes several incorporated mitigation measures, for instance the arrangement of built form etc. 8.3.2. The residual effects are not markedly different to the effects identified in the main assessment in the LVIA in terms of landscape and visual effects, namely that the Site is located within an area of existing development comprising the port area and industrial uses, whilst the Proposed Development consists of four separate Stages.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

9. CONCLUSION

9.1. THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT 9.1.1. The Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment (LVIA) has been undertaken by B&A, in adherence with industry guidelines and best practice. 9.1.2. The Proposed Development concerns the aggregate importation and processing etc. at Newhaven Port, East Sussex. 9.1.3. Given the type and scale of development involved, a study area of approximately 3km from the Site boundary has been adopted which is judged to be a suitable distance to assess the baseline (i.e. landscape setting character, landscape designations) and within which viewpoint locations have been identified.

9.2. LANDSCAPE CHARACTER 9.2.1. At a national level, the Site is located on the edge of the South Downs NCA No.125. The Proposed Development is not of a scale whereby it would notably modify any key characteristics (due to size and diversity) of this particular NCA. Under ‘Drivers of change’, it is noted that there is scope for ‘well-designed developments that contribute to landscape and settlement character ...’ (page 39) 9.2.2. Having reviewed the East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment (2016), it is evident that the Site is in the Newhaven LLCA No.34 (Urban Area). According to the aforementioned publication, the ‘Characteristics’ of Newhaven include being a working port. 9.2.3. With respect to direct effects on landscape character, the Site has an industrial character and features existing buildings including sheds, porta cabins and large areas of concrete hardstanding. Stage 4 of the Proposed Development will be located within the consented Port Authority Extension area. 9.2.4. For Stage 1 to 3, given the type and scale of development, there will be virtually no effect on the existing baseline situation, in terms of landscape character and quality. Due to the Low landscape sensitivity, there will be a Negligible magnitude of impact and significance of effect. In Stage 4, there will be a slight effect on landscape character albeit within the context of permitted development i.e. the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area (reference LW/15/0034) which has already established the principle of development in this part of the Newhaven LLCA. However, Negligible magnitude of impact and significance of effect will apply. 9.2.5. The same ratings would apply to the indirect effects on the landscape character of the Firle Bishopstone Downs LLCA No.21 which is assumed to directly adjoin the Site on its eastern boundary.

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Brett Group Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 9.3. VISUAL EFFECTS 9.3.1. Fourteen viewpoint locations have been used as part of the LVIA. 9.3.2. The Proposed Development consists of Stage 1 to Stage 4 and the Stages have been assessed individually. The impact and effects ratings summarised in the accompanying tables are the highest assessed level (i.e. worst-case scenario). It is expected that over time, the effect of such changes will diminish and susceptibility to change will be reduced. Consequently, those familiar with the scene will experience a decrease in perceived effects. 9.3.3. Overall, for Stage 1 to 3, then the magnitude of change was generally recorded as either Small or Very Small. Higher levels did occur in relation to Stage 4 due primarily to the concrete block plant (building) which resulted in a Small-Medium or Medium magnitude of change. In some cases a Moderate significance of effect was determined as a worst case where direct views can be gained. Otherwise significance of effect was lower and in all cases, the resultant nature of effect was neutral.

9.4. LANDSCAPE CAPACITY 9.4.1. Landscape capacity relates to the landscape character sensitivity as well as value and is also informed by the effects upon the visual amenity. 9.4.2. The Proposed Development will be located in the port area and the effects such as they have been predicted will bring about a change to the Site. The proposed aggregate processing plant, concrete block plant (building), conveyors and cement silos etc. will be in keeping with existing industrial uses. They are of a type and scale which will adhere to existing land uses and the identified effects described in the LVIA, are not overbearing upon the current features of landscape value or in visual terms. 9.4.3. In this regard, it can be concluded that there is sufficient ‘capacity’ to enable the Proposed Development without significant adverse effects to both the character and value of the adjoining landscape.

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FIGURE AND DRAWING LIST

FIGURE OR DRAWING NO. TITLE Desk Review Figures Figure L-DR1 Site Location Plan Figure L-DR2 Landscape Character Classification Figure L-DR3 Landscape Designations and Public Rights of Way Figure L-DR4 Local Character Areas Figure L-DR5 Viewpoint Location Plan, ZTV Mapping and South Downs National Park

Viewpoint Analysis Figures Figure L-V1A Existing and Baseline - Viewpoint Location 1 From Footpath No. N40b Figure L-V1B Stage 1 and 2 Figure L-V1C Stage 3 and 4 Figure L-V2A Existing and Baseline - Viewpoint Location 2 From Fort Road looking North-east Figure L-V2B Stage 1 and 2 Figure L-V2C Stage 3 and 4 Figure L-V2D Existing and Baseline - From Fort Road looking East Figure L-V2E Stage 4 Figure L-V3A Existing and Baseline - Viewpoint Location 3 From car park near Fort Newhaven Figure L-V3B Stage 1 and 2 Figure L-V3C Stage 3 and 4 Figure L-V4 Existing View - Viewpoint Location 4 From the Sussex Ouse Valley Way Figure L-V5 Existing View - Viewpoint Location 5 From the A259 (Seaford Road) Figure L-V6 Existing View - Viewpoint Location 6 From Footpath No. S3 Figure L-V7 Existing View - Viewpoint Location 7 From Hurdis Road Figure L-V8A Existing and Baseline - Viewpoint Location 8 From Footpath No. Sh18b Figure L-V8B Stage 1 and 2 Figure L-V8C Stage 3 and 4 Figure L-V9 Existing View - Viewpoint Location 9 From Gibbon Road, Newhaven Figure L-V10 Existing View - Viewpoint Location 10 From Near Bishopstone Railway Station Figure L-V11A Existing and Baseline - Viewpoint Location 11 From Hill Rise, Seaford Figure L-V11B Stage 1 and 2 Figure L-V11C Stage 3 and 4 Figure L-V12-13 Existing Views - Viewpoint Location 12 and 13 From North-east Newhaven Figure L-V14 Existing View - Viewpoint Location 14 From North of Newhaven

Visual Pack Drawings (Appendix 4) Sheet 1 Viewpoint Location 1: Showing existing view September 2017 and Viewpoint Location 2: Showing existing view September 2017 Sheet 2 Viewpoint Location 3: Showing existing view September 2017 and Viewpoint Location 4: Showing existing view September 2017 Sheet 3 Viewpoint Location 1: From Footpath N40b, near Tide Mills Sheet 4 Viewpoint Location 2: From Fort Road, West Quay Sheet 5 Viewpoint Location 3: From Car Park at Fort Newhaven Sheet 6 Viewpoint Location 4: From the Sussex Ouse Valley Way near Seaford Sheet 7 Viewpoint Location 5: From the A259 (Seaford Road) Sheet 8 Viewpoint Location 6: From Footpath No. S3 Sheet 9 Viewpoint Location 7: From Hurdis Road, north-west of Seaford Sheet 10 Viewpoint Location 8: From Footpath No. Sh18b Sheet 11 Viewpoint Location 9: From Gibbon Road, Newhaven Sheet 12 Viewpoint Location 10: From bridge at Bishopstone Railway Station

APPENDIX 1

Table 1A: Glossary Specific to this LVIA NPAR Newhaven Port Access Road. This is determined by research, observational recording, classification and analysis of the existing landscape. For this LVIA, it incorporates current planning consents in the vicinity relating to the The Baseline Situation Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area, the Rampion Operation & Maintenance Facility and the Newhaven Port Access Road (NPAR) etc. The consented Port Authority extension Illustrative elements from the Newhaven East Quay and Port Expansion Area that are shown (post area, associated construction) on the photomontages provided. buildings and mobile crane operations Concerns the proposed aggregate importation and processing and the preparation and manufacture of The Proposed value added products and is divided into Stage 1 to 4. Technical specifications are available in the Development Supporting Statement. The Rampion building The main building of the Rampion Operation & Maintenance Facility. Refers to the Development Site boundary shown on Figure L-DR1: Site Location Plan and subsequent The Site Figures where appropriate. General Phrases used in the LVIA Process The threshold at which change to the landscape characteristics and visual resource result in unacceptable adverse effects on its character or valued characteristics. This is derived from the Landscape Capacity interaction of landscape sensitivity and landscape value and is specific to the type of change or development. The distinct recognisable pattern of elements that occurs consistently in a particular type of landscape and how people perceive this, creating a particular sense of place. Landscape Character Types (LCT) Landscape Character or Landscape Types (LT) refer to multiple areas of the same character. Landscape Character Areas (LCA) refer to specific geographical locations of a particular character type. Landscape Combinations of elements and experiential characteristics (e.g. tranquillity and wildness) that make a Characteristics particular contribution to landscape character. Landscape Element A component part of the landscape (e.g. roads, hedges, woods). Landscape Feature A prominent eye-catching element (e.g. wooded hilltop or church spire). Strength of expression of landscape character and condition (intactness) of characteristic visual and Landscape Quality landscape elements (not the same as scenic beauty – see below). Landscape Scene The landscape characteristics apparent from a given viewpoint/location. The level of stability, robustness and resilience of the landscape character in relation to specific Landscape Sensitivity changes to its characteristics and types of development. The desirability of landscape characteristics (including scenic beauty, tranquillity, wildness, cultural Landscape Value associations, conservation interests etc.) and the acceptability of their loss to different stakeholders (i.e. valued for different reasons by different people and on different scales, e.g. local, national). Nature of Effect Where the Proposed Development makes a useful or beneficial contribution to the character or visual (Positive) amenity by virtue of good design, mitigation or restoration of previously lost features etc. Nature of Effect Where the Proposed Development results in a noticeably visible change that is out of character or (Adverse) affects the visual amenity in negative/imposing sense. Nature of Effect Where the Proposed Development generally fits within the existing view or character. (Neutral) Overall Landscape The inherent level of sensitivity of a landscape (i.e. stability, robustness and resilience of the landscape Sensitivity character), irrespective of the type of change. Subjective value attributed to the emotional response of an individual to a landscape scene, which, Scenic Beauty although heavily influenced by intrinsic quality, is conditioned by an individual's perception (memories, associations, cultural influences and preference). A landscape or visual impact that is likely to be a ‘material consideration’ (i.e. a matter that should be Significant Impact taken into account in deciding a planning application) due to the context and intensity of the effect. This is directly related to set criteria and terminology as set out within the assessment process. The subjective value attributed to the degree of pleasure gained from what is seen in a given view Visual Amenity (quality of view). The estimated level of susceptibility or response of people viewing a scene in relation to the viewpoint Visual Sensitivity location and the activity and expectations of the viewer, in terms of reaction to a change in the view.

Table 1B: Abbreviations used in the LVIA

ABBREVIATION WORD OR PHRASE

BAD Bagged Aggregate Distribution B&A Bright & Associates DEFRA Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs EIA Environmental Impact Assessment Figure L-DR Figure L-Desk Review Figure L-V Figure L-Visual GLVIA Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment ha hectare ILCA Integrated Landscape Character Assessment Landscape Character Area(s) in the South Downs Integrated Landscape Character LCA Assessment (ILCA) (2011) or Local Character Area(s) as defined by B&A. LCT Landscape Character Type(s) LDA Land Development Area LLCA Local Landscape Character Area(s) LNR Local Nature Reserve LT Landscape Type LVIA Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment MCA Marine Character Area mAOD Metres Above Ordnance Datum NCA National Character Area NPAR Newhaven Port Access Road NPPF National Planning Policy Framework SEO Statement(s) of Environmental Opportunity SNH Scottish Natural Heritage SSSI Sites of Special Scientific Interest ZTV Zone of Theoretical Visibility

Table 1C: Reference sources used in the LVIA

REFERENCE SOURCES

Publications and Reports Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG), (2012), National Planning Policy Framework East Sussex County Council, South Downs National Park Authority and Brighton & Hove City Council, (2013), East Sussex South Downs and Brighton & Hove Waste and Minerals Sites Plan, Waste and Minerals Plan East Sussex County Council, (2016), East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment Landscape Institute (LI), (2011), Landscape Advice Note 01/11 Photography and Photomontage in Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Landscape Institute, (2017), Visual Representation of Development Proposals, Technical Guidance Note 02/17 Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (2013), Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment (Third Edition) Land Use Consultants for the South Downs Joint Committee, in partnership with the Countryside Agency, English Heritage, Hampshire County Council, West Sussex County Council and East Hampshire District Council, (2005 and Updated 2011), South Downs Integrated Landscape Character Assessment Land Use Consultants on behalf of the South Downs National Park Authority, (2015), South Downs National Park: View Characterisation and Analysis, Final Report Lewes District Council, (2003), Lewes District Local Plan Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority, (2012), Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority Landscape Capacity Study Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority, (2016) Lewes District Local Plan Part 1, Joint Core Strategy 2010-2030, (Adopted May 2016 by Lewes District Council and June 2016 by the South Downs National Park Authority) Macdonald. A. M., (2012), Windfarm Visualisation: Perspective or Perception? Marine Management Organisation, (2014), The Seascape assessment for the South Marine Plan Areas: technical report Natural England and LDA Design, (2012), An Approach to Seascape Character Assessment, Natural England Commissioned Report NECR105 Natural England, (2013), NCA Profile:125: South Downs (NE432) Natural England, (2014), An Approach to Landscape Character Assessment Scottish Natural Heritage, (2017), Visual Representation of Wind Farms, Guidance, Version 2.2 United Kingdom Government, (2017), The Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2017, Schedule 4 Regulation 18(3) Information for Inclusion in Environmental Statements Websites East Sussex County Council, www.eastsussex.gov.uk East Sussex County Council (public footpaths) https://www.eastsussex.gov.uk/leisureandtourism/countryside/rightsofway/map/px Lewes District Council, http://www.lewes.gov.uk/planning/1097.asp Lewes District Local Plan, Part 1 Joint Core Strategy 2010-2030 (Adopted May 2016) http://www.lewes.gov.uk/corestrategy/ Magic – Natural England, www.natureonthemap.naturalengland.org.uk Natural England, http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/category/587130 Newhaven Town Council, http://www.newhaventowncouncil.gov.uk/newhavens-first-world-war/the-poppy-trail/ South Downs National Park Authority, www.southdowns.gov.uk Sustrans, www.sustrans.org.uk Tidemills at Bishopstone, http://tidemills.webs.com United Kingdom Government, https://www.gov.uk/guidance/landscape-and-seascape-character-assessments

Table 1D: EIA Regulations (Schedule 4: Information for Inclusion in Environmental Statements) Table prepared by B&A.

WHERE ADDRESSED IN THE LVIA (SECTION ITEM/ASPECT NUMBER)

1. A description of the development, including in particular: A description is provided in Section 4: The Baseline Situation. The Development Site (the Site) is identified (a) a description of the location of the development on Figure L-DR1: Site Location Plan and subsequent Figures where appropriate. (b) a description of the physical characteristics of the A summary of Stage 1 to 4 of the Proposed whole development, including, where relevant, requisite Development (for the purpose of the LVIA) is provided demolition works, and the land-use requirements during in Section 2: Introduction. the construction and operational phases (c) a description of the main characteristics of the operational phase of the development (in particular any production process), for instance, energy demand and A summary is provided in Section 2: Introduction. energy used, nature and quantity of the materials and natural resources (including water, land, soil and biodiversity) used (d) an estimate, by type and quantity, of expected residues and emissions (such as water, air, soil and subsoil pollution, noise, vibration, light, heat, radiation and Not applicable to the LVIA. quantities and types of waste produced during the construction and operation phases. 2. A description of the reasonable alternatives (for example in terms of development design, technology, As part of the design process, B&A evaluated a location, size and scale) studied by the developer, which simplified form of the concrete block plant (building) are relevant to the proposed project and its specific which forms part of Stage 4 of the Proposed characteristics, and an indication of the main reasons for Development. Further details are included in Section 2: selecting the chosen option, including a comparison of the Introduction. environmental effects. When comparing the predicted effects of the Proposed 3. A description of the relevant aspects of the current state Development in terms of the existing situation if it were of the environment (baseline scenario) and an outline of not to proceed, then landscape effects would be the likely evolution thereof without implementation of the Negligible in this instance. The Site already development as far as natural changes from the baseline constitutes existing development of similar land use scenario can be assessed with reasonable effort on the and due to the Consented Port Authority extension basis of the availability of environmental information and area. This is set out in Section 4: The Baseline scientific knowledge. Situation of the LVIA. 4. A description of the factors specified in regulation 4(2) likely to be significantly affected by the development: population, human health, biodiversity (for example fauna and flora), land (for example land take), soil (for example Section 6: Effects on Landscape Character and organic matter, erosion, compaction, sealing), water (for Designations and Section 7: Assessment of Visual example hydromorphological changes, quantity and Effects. quality), air, climate (for example greenhouse gas emissions, impacts relevant to adaptation), material assets, cultural heritage, including architectural and archaeological aspects, and landscape. 5. A description of the likely significant effects of the development on the environment resulting from, inter alia: The Proposed Development consists of four separate stages and the construction of the buildings etc. is of (a) the construction and existence of the development, temporary or short-term duration and has not been including, where relevant, demolition works evaluated further as part of the LVIA. In this instance, assessment focuses on the nature of the built form itself such as size, scale and arrangement of buildings. (b) the use of natural resources, in particular land, soil, water and biodiversity, considering as far as possible the Not applicable to the LVIA. sustainable availability of these resources (c) the emission of pollutants, noise, vibration, light, heat A brief description of lighting is provided in Section 4: and radiation, the creation of nuisances, and the disposal The Baseline Situation. and recovery of waste (d) the risks to human health, cultural heritage or the Not applicable to the LVIA. environment (for example due to accidents or disasters)

Table 1D: EIA Regulations (Schedule 4: Information for Inclusion in Environmental Statements) cont…

WHERE ADDRESSED IN THE LVIA (SECTION ITEM/ASPECT NUMBER)

(e) the cumulation of effects with other existing and/or approved projects, taking into account any existing Section 3: Methodology explains the approach adopted environmental problems relating to areas of particular for the LVIA regarding cumulative effects. environmental importance likely to be affected or the use of natural resources (f) the impact of the project on climate (for example the nature and magnitude of greenhouse gas emissions) and Not applicable to the LVIA. the vulnerability of the project to climate change (g) the technologies and the substances used. The description of the likely significant effects on the factors specified in regulation 4(2) should cover the direct effects and any indirect, secondary, cumulative, transboundary, Section 6: Effects on Landscape Character and short-term, medium-term and long-term, permanent and Designations and Section 7: Assessment of Visual temporary, positive and negative effects of the Effects. development. This description should take into account the environmental protection objectives established at Union or Member State level which are relevant to the project, including in particular those established under Council Directive 92/43/EEC(a) and Directive 2009/147/EC(b). 6. A description of the forecasting methods or evidence, Section 3: Methodology explains the approach adopted used to identify and assess the significant effects on the for the LVIA. Guidance has been sourced from environment, including details of difficulties (for example Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact technical deficiencies or lack of knowledge) encountered Assessment (Third Edition) published by the compiling the required information and the main Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental uncertainties involved. Management and Assessment (2013). 7. A description of the measures envisaged to avoid, prevent, reduce or, if possible, offset any identified significant adverse effects on the environment and, where appropriate, of any proposed monitoring arrangements (for Section 8: Mitigation examines mitigation measures example the preparation of a post-project analysis). That and residual effects. description should explain the extent, to which significant adverse effects on the environment are avoided, prevented, reduced or offset, and should cover both the construction and operational phases. 8. A description of the expected significant adverse effects of the development on the environment deriving from the vulnerability of the development to risks of major accidents and/or disasters which are relevant to the project concerned. Relevant information available and obtained through risk assessments pursuant to EU legislation such as Directive 2012/18/EU(c) of the European Parliament and of the Council or Council Directive Not applicable to the LVIA. 2009/71/Euratom(d) or UK environmental assessments may be used for this purpose provided that the requirements of this Directive are met. Where appropriate, this description should include measures envisaged to prevent or mitigate the significant adverse effects of such events on the environment and details of the preparedness for and proposed response to such emergencies. 9. A non-technical summary of the information provided To be provided by the Applicant. An executive under paragraphs 1 to 8. summary is also included in Section 1 of the LVIA. 10. A reference list detailing the sources used for the Footnotes in the text provide references and sources descriptions and assessments included in the (websites) where applicable. A reference list is environmental statement. provided in Table 1C (Appendix 1).

APPENDIX 2

Extracts from the South Downs Integrated Landscape Character Assessment (ILCA) (2011) (Table 2A) Table prepared by B&A and distance and direction from the Site is provided. Table 2A: Landscape Character Areas and Landscape Types Within the Study Area (Extracts)

LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AREAS AND LANDSCAPE TYPES

Ouse to Eastbourne Open Downs LCA A1 (Open Downland LT A) (c.795m north-east) Integrated Key Characteristics: ‘• Vast open rolling upland chalk landscape of blunt, whale-backed Downs reaching 217m at Firle Beacon. • Furrowed by extensive branching dry valley systems which results in a dramatic undulating cliff line where the Downs meet the sea at the Seven Sisters and Beachy Head. Here, there are strong maritime influences and connections with the seascape. • Straightsided, irregular fields of 20th century date forming a mosaic of arable and permanent pasture, bounded by post and wire fencing or sparse thorn hedgerows, creates a habitat that is particularly notable for supporting a range of farmland bird species. • Hedgerows and tracks surviving from the earlier manorial downland landscape are important historic landscape features. • Remnants of unimproved chalk grassland and scrub on steeper slopes, some of which reveal ancient terraced field systems, plus the large area of rare chalk heath at Lullington Heath. • Central part of the area is dominated by Friston Forest, a 20th century conifer and beech plantation which subdues the characteristic chalk landscape. • Large open skies ensure that weather conditions are a dominant influence creating a dynamic, landscape, particularly on the windswept coastal edge. • Strong sense of remote and tranquillity and pockets of ‘deep’ remoteness associated with hidden dry valleys. At the same time an accessible landscape with high levels of public access. Generally, a low density of dispersed settlement, characterised by scattered farmsteads – most of 18th-19th century origin, with some of medieval origin representing shrunken hamlets. Traditional flint barns are a feature; large modern agricultural buildings are now prominent. • Turn of the century garden estates at East Dean, centred around a medieval core – an unusual feature of the Open Downland landscape • Large number of prehistoric and later earthworks providing a strong sense of historical continuity; causewayed enclosures, long barrows and round barrows situated on the ridge-line form important landmark features. • Panoramic views across adjacent landscapes – particularly notable are the views across Eastbourne from the eastern edge of the downs, seascape views from the coastal cliffs and views over the footslopes and Low Weald from the crest of the northern escarpment.

Sensitivity (LCA Level): A.23 The Open Downland landscape type has a number of sensitive natural, cultural and aesthetic/perceptual features that are vulnerable to change. Key landscape sensitivities include: • The open uninterrupted skylines and exposed undeveloped character resulting from the rolling topography and absence of enclosing or vertical features. These are especially vulnerable to interruption by development or clutter. • Strong sense of tranquillity and remoteness and areas of deep ‘remoteness’ associated with the hidden dry valleys. This quality is being affected by traffic pressure on the roads and tracks that cross the downs and development on the edge; the night time glow of the adjacent urban areas is already discernible, and prominent in some places. • The vast, open character and long views across the landscape resulting from the uniform land cover of grassland and crops, visually transparent post and wire field boundaries and sparse hedgerow/woodland cover. This means that any landscape change or development has the potential to be highly visible. • Areas of unimproved chalk grassland, chalk heath, and pasture land cover, which are vulnerable to changes in management and require consistent grazing regimes. • The mosaic of habitats, including arable land and pasture that supports arable weeds and farmland birds and could be vulnerable to further intensification of farming methods. • The sense of unity and cohesion given by the repeated use of flint, brick and clay tile building materials. It is vulnerable to unsympathetic additions, extensions or conversions, which would disrupt the intact built character. The distinctive isolated barns are especially vulnerable. The high number of historic monuments and earthworks that form significant landmarks and a strong sense of historical continuity, and their historic landscape settings. • The more subtle features of the historic landscape, such as hedgerows and tracks, ancient field systems and tumuli, which are not protected and are vulnerable to change and loss. A.24 The very open character and long views means there are few screening opportunities making this landscape type highly sensitive visually. Areas that appear hidden from one viewpoint are likely to be exposed from another. The steep dry valleys provide some secluded locations which are hidden from view, and these are especially valued for their strong sense of remoteness. A.25 The elevated landform typical of this landscape type means there is little intervisibility with adjacent landscape types, except on its edges (although it should be noted that tall structures could be visible over long distances). For example, the downland that forms the crest of the escarpment permits long views to and from a wider area beyond the South Downs. The landscape is also visually sensitive to changes beyond the South Downs boundary, for example within the adjacent urban areas.

Sensitivities Specific to the Ouse to Eastbourne Open Downs LCA A1: A1.8 ‘All of the landscape and visual sensitivities listed in the landscape type evaluation apply to this character area. More specifically, the strong sense of tranquillity and remoteness is being affected by traffic and development on the edge of Seaford and Eastbourne and the landscape is visually sensitive to change within the adjacent urban areas’.

Table 2A: Landscape Character Areas and Landscape Types Within the Study Area (Extracts) cont …

LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AREAS AND LANDSCAPE TYPES

Adur to Ouse Open Downs LCA A2 (Open Downland LT A) (c.1.7km west) Integrated Key Characteristics: ‘• Vast open rolling upland chalk landscape of blunt, whale-backed Downs reaching 248m at Ditchling Beacon. • Furrowed by extensive branching dry valley systems which produce deep, narrow, rounded coombs. The main dry valleys contain transport routes, for example the A23 (T) in the Pyecombe Gap. • Large scale irregular fields (of 20th century date) of arable and pasture bounded by visually permeable post and wire fencing or sparse thorn hedgerows creating a very open landscape supporting a range of farmland birds. Hedgerows and tracks survive from the earlier manorial downland landscape. • Significant areas of unimproved chalk grassland, for example at Castle Hill, which supports nationally scarce plant species. • Occasional scrub and woodland on steeper slopes adds to the overall diversity of chalk grassland habitats, contributes to biodiversity and provides visual texture in the landscape. • A landscape managed for country sports (game shooting) which preserves the shape and form of the landscape and creates a distinctive landcover including small woodlands and game cover plots. • Large open skies ensure that weather conditions are a dominant influence creating a dynamic landscape, with considerable seasonal variation. • A strong sense of remoteness and tranquillity in close proximity to the south coast urban area. Pockets of deep remoteness associated with hidden dry valleys landscape. A large number of prehistoric and later earthworks providing a strong sense of historical continuity; a concentration of Iron Age hillforts which form prominent features on the skylines, three overlooking the Weald (Devil’s Dyke, Ditchling Beacon and Wolstonbury) and one commanding the coastal plain (Hollingbury). • Includes the site of the registered battlefield of Lewes, fought in 1264 with cavalry action as a dominant theme. • Stanmer Park with areas of original parkland surviving around Stanmer House, including 18th century plantations, smaller clumps and trees belts. Stanmer village is a good example of an estate village. • Good public access with a network of public rights of way and open access land. • Severe cuttings and ridges associated with the A27 (T) around Brighton. • The Jack and Jill windmills at Clayton and the communication masts at Truleigh Hill are prominent features of the skyline. • The typical settlement form is relatively late in origin, and comprises isolated farmsteads of 18th- 19th century. The individual farmsteads are often prominent features in the landscape. • Building materials are typically flint, red brick and clay tiles, with more modern materials used in farm buildings’.

Sensitivities Specific to the Adur to Ouse Open Downs LCA A2: A2.8 ‘All of the landscape and visual sensitivities listed in the landscape type evaluation apply to this character area. However, of particular sensitivity in this character area is the level of perceived tranquillity and remoteness which is being eroded by traffic pressures and urban development on the adjacent coastal plain - light pollution already impacts on dark skies. Given the proximity to and views over development on the coastal plain, this area is also especially sensitive to changes in the urban area beyond the study area’. Ouse Floodplain LCA F2 (Major River Floodplains LT F) (c.190m east of the Site with a second area to the north, 1.88km) Integrated Key Characteristics: ‘• Flat valley floor of the large U-shaped Ouse Valley occupying the wide gap cut into the open chalk downs between Lewes and Newhaven coast. Small elevated ‘islands’ at Upper Rise and The Brooks. • A landscape of apparent large and expansive scale as a result of the flat landform, consistent pasture land cover, lack of vertical elements and far-reaching views across the open floodplain. Views are contained by the valley sides. • Contains the meandering course of the tidal River Ouse which flows between artificial flood banks. Public rights of way provide public access along the tops of the floodbanks. • Artificially straightened sections of river associated with industrial history – including the paper industry and chalk quarrying. • Periodically waterlogged silty soils support permanent pasture, within fields reclaimed from the floodplain, giving the floodplain a lush, pastoral character and supporting an important ecological flora. • The floodplain is etched by a geometric grid of narrow channels (‘wet fences’) which divide pastures. • Groups of willows and alders occur sporadically alongside the river and drainage channels providing important visual and ecological features. • Lewes Brooks is a distinctive area where ditch systems and wet grasslands have a particularly rich flora and attract nationally important populations of winter birds. • Mostly absent of settlement, with the exception of the ancient ford settlement of Cliffe, and settlement on the edge of the former port of Lewes. • The absence of woodland and generally low incidence of trees results in a large scale, open landscape with extensive views across the floodplain. • Tranquillity affected by proximity of built development, trains on the mainline railway and traffic on the A27 (T) that crosses the floodplain’.

Sensitivity (LCA Level): F.19 This landscape type has many sensitive natural, cultural and aesthetic/perceptual features that are vulnerable to change. Key landscape sensitivities include: • The flat, open and undeveloped character of the valley floors, which are particularly vulnerable to introduction of built elements, particularly large scale linear/vertical developments such as transmission lines or changes/extensions to development on the valley sides. The remnant meandering, natural channels of the rivers and the natural dendritic tributary streams that provide a sense of naturalness in an otherwise regimented pattern of artificial drainage channels. • The unified pastoral character of the floodplains, which are vulnerable to changes in land use and management including the introduction of horse paddocks. • Riverside willows and alders which mark the courses of the rivers and contribute to the biodiversity of the floodplain landscapes. • Natural floodplain habitats such as ponds, reedbeds, meadows, and grazing marsh, which contribute to the natural character of the floodplains and provide a rich biodiversity. • Remnant watermeadows. • The tranquillity of the floodplain arising from low noise levels, infrequent river crossing points, and absence of settlement or artificial lighting. F.20 This flat and open nature of this landscape type means that it is particularly visually sensitive to change. In addition, the floodplains are highly visible from the adjacent settled valley sides and downs. This inter-visibility with adjacent landscapes enhances the visual sensitivity of the Major River Floodplains. Sensitivities Specific to the Ouse Floodplain LCA F2, F2.8 ‘All of the landscape and visual sensitivities listed in the landscape type evaluation apply to this character area. Specific to this character area are: • Lewes Brooks where ditch systems and wet grasslands have a particularly rich flora and attract nationally important populations of winter birds; • The area of grassland meadows and wet woodland at the Railway Land nature reserve in Lewes. • Remains of the industrial history of the valley, including the channels around the Papermill Cut which served both the paper industry and chalk quarrying’.

Table 2A: Landscape Character Areas and Landscape Types Within the Study Area (Extracts) cont …

LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AREAS AND LANDSCAPE TYPES

Ouse Valley Sides LCA G2 (Major Valley Sides LT G) (1.73km north-west) Integrated Key Characteristics: ‘• Valley sides carved from chalk, varying from extremely steep at the north and south ends, to very shallow in the middle. • Severe cuttings and quarries around Cuilfail and along the A26 and A27 on the edge of Mount Caburn form white scars in the landscape. • Fertile soils support arable land on the shallower slopes above Lewes Wild Brooks where large 20th century fields represent extensive re-organisation of the landscape. • Pasture, chalk grassland and woodland occupy steeper slopes close to Newhaven, Lewes and on the edges of Mount Caburn. • The valley sides support an extensive road network, including the A27 (and its junctions), the A26 (which passes through the Cuilfail Tunnel), and a minor road along the western valley side. • Minor lanes and unsurfaced tracks descend the valley sides – many of these are now public rights of way that allow access up onto the adjacent downs. • A string of nucleated villages, of medieval origin, lie along the lower slopes of the western valley side where the slopes are less steep e.g. Kingston near Lewes, Iford, Northease, Rodmell, and Southease. These are surrounded by a field pattern of early enclosures. • Lewes is an historic port, located on the steep valley side alongside the River Ouse. Typical building materials in Lewes include flint, red brick, timber and clay tiles. Lewes Castle is a landmark. • Woodlands along the lower slopes are particularly distinctive and form a strong wooded edge to the floodplain. • Away, from the roads, the valley sides form a tranquil, rural setting to the floodplain’.

Sensitivity (LCA Level): Sensitivity, G.16 This landscape type has many sensitive natural, cultural and aesthetic/perceptual features that are vulnerable to change. Key landscape sensitivities include: • The intact chalk valley sides and occasional steep chalk cliffs that are vulnerable to quarrying operations. • The rural road network that is vulnerable to heavy traffic and pressures relating to road upgrades and ‘improvements’. • The nucleated villages that are indicative of the medieval manorial system based around open fields. Views to church spires that are visible across the landscape are an important feature. • The historic ports and their relationship to the river. • The intact early enclosures around the medieval villages that remain and are vulnerable to boundary loss or lack of management. • The consistency in building materials including flint, red brick, timber and clay tiles which create a consistent, unified and intact character. • The remnant areas of chalk grassland on steeper slopes that are of great biodiversity interest and are vulnerable to changes in management particularly decline in grazing. • The deciduous woodlands and network of hedgerows on the lower slopes that form a strong wooded edge to the floodplain. • The tranquil, rural character of the landscape which forms a setting to the major river floodplains. G.17 The woodlands and hedgerows limit visual sensitivity of this valley landscape, particularly on the lower slopes. However, the visibility of this landscape from opposite valley sides and from the adjacent downs increases the visual sensitivity of the valley sides. From within the valleys, the valley crests are seen against an open sky and are particularly visually sensitive.

Sensitivities Specific to the Ouse Valley Sides LCA G2, G2.6 ‘All of the landscape and visual sensitivities listed in the landscape type evaluation apply to this character area. Specific to this character area are: • The small blocks of 18th- 19th century enclosure south of Kingston and west and south of Beddingham. • Former chalk pits of significant geological interest, including nationally important sites such as Southerham Grey Pit SSSI and Southerham Work Pit SSSI. • Views of Lewes Castle’.

APPENDIX 3

Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority Landscape Capacity Study (2012) (Table 3A and Drawing PN1081-D4). Table prepared by B&A. Table 3A: Landscape Character Areas Within the Study Area (Extracts)

CHARACTER LANDSCAPE LANDSCAPE VISUAL AREA NAME SENSITIVITY TO QUALITY VALUE SENSITIVITY CHANGE

Newhaven A01 West of Meeching Ordinary/Good Low/Medium Moderate/High Moderate/High A02 Harbour Heights Good/High Medium High/Moderate High B01 South of Rushy Hill Good/High Medium High High B02 North of the Highway Good Medium High Moderate/High C01 West of Lewes Road Good Medium/High Moderate/High High (c.755m north-east) C02 Land east and north Good Medium/High High High of Denton D01 North of Good Medium/High High High Newhaven/Ouse Valley D02 Ouse Estuary Nature Good Medium/High High High Reserve E01 Fort area Ordinary Medium/High High High Seaford A01 Area at Rookery Hill High High High High B01 Bishopstone/Norton Exceptional Very High High High Valley C01 Valley floor either Good High High High side of A259 Peacehaven B02 Downland east of High High High High Peacehaven C01 Area around Lower Good/Ordinary Low/Medium High High Hoddern Farm Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority Landscape Capacity Study (2012) Extracts from Chapter 2 Methodology provided below. Landscape Quality Evaluation Criteria ‘…attempts to classify the general quality of an area through physical features within the landscape which contribute to the value and/ or sense of place…’ (paragraph 2.4) Landscape Value Evaluation Criteria ‘Landscape value refers to factors such as international, national and local designations, or areas for which their value can be demonstrated through association or use. It should consider why and to whom the identified specific landscape characteristics are important and their relationship to the overall landscape patterns’. (paragraph 2.5) Landscape Character Sensitivity ‘Judging the landscape character sensitivity considers the landscape’s robustness to change and is based on judgements about the sensitivity of factors within the landscape which are likely to be affected e.g. natural, cultural, quality, aesthetic factors, and the level to which these characteristics may be lost or affected by changes in the landscape’. (paragraph 2.9) Landscape Visual Sensitivity ‘The visual sensitivity of the landscape has been recorded for each character area as part of the character assessment. As part of the assessment key views and viewpoints have been identified and features which enhance or detract from the view are also noted’. In addition, ‘The visibility of an area within the surrounding landscape and any distant views into and out of the area are noted…’ (paragraph 2.11 and 2.12)

APPENDIX 4

Update and review photographs as part of the Visual Pack (September 2017) (Sheet 1 to 12) and Visual Pack Supporting Information (Fieldsheets)

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Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

1.1. INTRODUCTION 1.1.1. Appendix 4 comprises the visual pack supporting information. 1.1.2. The fieldsheets were undertaken during the Site assessment and are a means to record and act as an aide-memoir to indicate the presence of a wide range of components, features and characteristics from a specific viewpoint location (1, 2 etc.) by the Assessor. 1.1.3. Features (components and characteristics etc.) are categorised as follows:  Applicable to the Site: (thick black cell border);  Principal features: generally relating to the foreground but may also include the skyline (orange highlighted cell); and  Secondary features: generally applicable to the middle ground (green highlighted cell). 1.1.4. The landscape experience is also quantified by the Assessor for instance in terms of scale and tranquillity. In addition, the relevant Local Landscape Character Area (LLCA) etc. is recorded for each viewpoint location. 1.1.5. Direction and distances are from the Development Site (the Site), where the main areas of built form relevant to the LVIA will take place during Stage 1 to 4.

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Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

VIEWPOINT LOCATION 1 - FROM FOOTPATH NO. N40B Assessor: Rick Bright Weather Condition: Dry and sunny with light cloud cover Distance/Direction from the Site: 370m, east Landscape Character Assessment Information: Firle Bishopstone Downs LLCA No.21 (The East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment, 2016) ASSESSMENT Visible, Physical Components of Landform, its Features and Characteristics high plateau peak knoll ridge spur/crags outcrops undulating/hill gully low plateau rolling hills mountain range gorge headland cliff intertidal beach/sea Land Use arable pastoral floodplain quarry sand dune recreational industrial urban retail rural Vegetation pasture scrub vegetation moorland heathland/scrub grassland coniferous mixed broadleaved woodland plantation deforestation woodland woodland Land Cover (Water) sea sea loch intertidal mud/sand delta estuary loch reservoir pools river ditches tributaries canal waterfall harbour Land Use (Settlement) absent town village hamlet sprawling BUILDING STYLE modern mixed traditional converted SETTLEMENT scattered linear irregular infrequent PATTERN Linear Features motorway ‘A’ road ‘B’ road minor road tracks bridleways/footpaths railway watercourses coast/shoreline embankments remnant stone walls hedgerows post and wire hedgebank hedgerows power lines phone masts pipelines settlement FIELD SIZE very large large medium small Single Point Features harbour solar farm golf course church castle stately home/large ruin/folly bridge quarry/mine industrial site house signs mast/transmitter lighting tower built form cliffs Landscape Experience SCALE intimate small large vast TRANQUILLITY silent noisy disturbed coastal COLOUR monochrome muted colourful garish FORM vertical sloping rolling flat/horizontal MANAGEMENT (semi) natural disturbed tended manicured ASSESSMENT KEY Principal features: Applicable to the Site generally relating to the Secondary features: generally applicable (thick black cell border) foreground but may also to the middle ground. include the skyline.

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Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

VIEWPOINT LOCATION 2 - FROM FORT ROAD (LOOKING NORTH-EAST AND EAST) Assessor: Rick Bright Weather Condition: Dry and sunny with light cloud cover Distance/Direction from the Site: 190m, west Landscape Character Assessment Information: Newhaven LLCA No.34 (The East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment, 2016) ASSESSMENT Visible, Physical Components of Landform, its Features and Characteristics high plateau peak knoll ridge spur/crags outcrops undulating/hill gully low plateau rolling hills mountain range gorge headland cliff intertidal beach/sea Land Use arable pastoral floodplain quarry sand dune recreational industrial urban retail rural Vegetation pasture scrub vegetation moorland heathland/scrub grassland broadleaved coniferous mixed plantation deforestation woodland woodland woodland Land Cover (Water) sea sea loch intertidal mud/sand delta estuary loch reservoir pools river ditches tributaries canal waterfall harbour Land Use (Settlement) absent town village hamlet sprawling BUILDING STYLE modern mixed traditional converted SETTLEMENT scattered linear irregular infrequent PATTERN Linear Features motorway ‘A’ road ‘B’ road minor road tracks bridleways/footpaths railway watercourses coast/shoreline embankments remnant stone walls hedgerows post and wire hedgebank hedgerows power lines phone masts pipelines settlement FIELD SIZE very large large medium small Single Point Features harbour solar farm golf course church castle stately ruin/folly bridge quarry/mine industrial site home/large house signs mast/transmitter lighting tower built form cliffs Landscape Experience SCALE intimate small large vast TRANQUILLITY silent noisy disturbed coastal COLOUR monochrome muted colourful garish FORM vertical sloping rolling flat/horizontal MANAGEMENT (semi) natural disturbed tended manicured ASSESSMENT KEY Principal features: generally Applicable to the Site Secondary features: generally relating to the foreground but (thick black cell border) applicable to the middle ground. may also include the skyline.

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Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

VIEWPOINT LOCATION 3 - FROM CAR PARK NEAR FORT NEWHAVEN Assessor: Rick Bright Weather Condition: Dry and sunny with light cloud cover Distance/Direction from the Site: 245m, west Landscape Character Assessment Information: Newhaven LLCA No.34 (The East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment, 2016), E01 Lewes Recreation area (edge of) (Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority Landscape Capacity Study, 2012) ASSESSMENT Visible, Physical Components of Landform, its Features and Characteristics high plateau peak knoll ridge spur/crags outcrops undulating/hill gully low plateau rolling hills mountain range gorge headland cliff intertidal beach/sea Land Use arable pastoral floodplain quarry sand dune recreational industrial urban retail rural Vegetation pasture scrub vegetation moorland heathland/scrub grassland broadleaved coniferous mixed plantation deforestation woodland woodland woodland Land Cover (Water) sea sea loch intertidal mud/sand delta estuary loch reservoir pools river ditches tributaries canal waterfall harbour Land Use (Settlement) absent town village hamlet sprawling BUILDING STYLE modern mixed traditional converted SETTLEMENT scattered linear irregular infrequent PATTERN Linear Features motorway ‘A’ road ‘B’ road minor road tracks bridleways/footpaths railway watercourses coast/shoreline embankments remnant stone walls hedgerows post and wire hedgebank hedgerows power lines phone masts pipelines settlement FIELD SIZE very large large medium small Single Point Features harbour solar farm golf course church castle stately home/large ruin/folly bridge quarry/mine industrial site house signs mast/transmitter lighting tower built form cliffs Landscape Experience SCALE intimate small large vast TRANQUILLITY silent noisy disturbed coastal COLOUR monochrome muted colourful garish FORM vertical sloping rolling flat/horizontal MANAGEMENT (semi) natural disturbed tended manicured ASSESSMENT KEY Principal features: generally Applicable to the Site Secondary features: generally applicable relating to the foreground but (thick black cell border) to the middle ground. may also include the skyline.

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Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

VIEWPOINT LOCATION 4 - FROM THE SUSSEX OUSE VALLEY WAY Assessor: Rick Bright Weather Condition: Dry and sunny with light cloud cover Distance/Direction from the Site: 1.24km, south-east Landscape Character Assessment Information: Firle Bishopstone Downs LLCA No.21 (The East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment, 2016) ASSESSMENT Visible, Physical Components of Landform, its Features and Characteristics high plateau peak knoll ridge spur/crags outcrops undulating/hill gully low plateau rolling hills mountain range gorge headland cliff intertidal beach/sea Land Use arable pastoral floodplain quarry sand dune recreational industrial urban retail rural Vegetation pasture scrub vegetation moorland heathland/scrub grassland broadleaved coniferous mixed plantation deforestation woodland woodland woodland Land Cover (Water) sea sea loch intertidal mud/sand delta estuary loch reservoir pools river ditches tributaries canal waterfall harbour Land Use (Settlement) absent town village hamlet sprawling BUILDING STYLE modern mixed traditional converted SETTLEMENT scattered linear irregular infrequent PATTERN Linear Features motorway ‘A’ road ‘B’ road minor road tracks bridleways/footpaths railway watercourses coast/shoreline embankments remnant stone walls hedgerows post and wire hedgebank hedgerows power lines phone masts pipelines settlement FIELD SIZE very large large medium small Single Point Features harbour solar farm golf course church castle stately home/large ruin/folly bridge quarry/mine industrial site house signs mast/transmitter lighting tower built form cliffs Landscape Experience SCALE intimate small large vast TRANQUILLITY silent noisy disturbed coastal COLOUR monochrome muted colourful garish FORM vertical sloping rolling flat/horizontal MANAGEMENT (semi) natural disturbed tended manicured ASSESSMENT KEY Principal features: generally Applicable to the Site Secondary features: generally relating to the foreground but (thick black cell border) applicable to the middle ground. may also include the skyline.

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Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

VIEWPOINT LOCATION 5 - FROM THE A259 (SEAFORD ROAD) Assessor: Rick Bright Weather Condition: Dry and sunny with light cloud cover Distance/Direction from the Site: 790m, north-east Landscape Character Assessment Information: Seaford LLCA No.32 (The East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment, 2016), D02 Ouse Estuary Nature Reserve (edge of) (Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority Landscape Capacity Study, 2012) ASSESSMENT Visible, Physical Components of Landform, its Features and Characteristics high plateau peak knoll ridge spur/crags outcrops undulating/hill gully low plateau rolling hills mountain range gorge headland cliff intertidal beach/sea Land Use arable pastoral floodplain quarry sand dune recreational industrial urban retail rural Vegetation pasture scrub vegetation moorland heathland/scrub grassland broadleaved coniferous mixed plantation deforestation woodland woodland woodland Land Cover (Water) sea sea loch intertidal mud/sand delta estuary loch reservoir pools river ditches tributaries canal waterfall harbour Land Use (Settlement) absent town village hamlet sprawling BUILDING STYLE modern mixed traditional converted SETTLEMENT scattered linear irregular infrequent PATTERN Linear Features motorway ‘A’ road ‘B’ road minor road tracks bridleways/footpaths railway watercourses coast/shoreline embankments remnant stone walls hedgerows post and wire hedgebank hedgerows power lines phone masts pipelines settlement FIELD SIZE very large large medium small Single Point Features harbour solar farm golf course church castle stately home/large ruin/folly bridge quarry/mine industrial site house signs mast/transmitter lighting tower built form cliffs Landscape Experience SCALE intimate small large vast TRANQUILLITY silent noisy disturbed coastal COLOUR monochrome muted colourful garish FORM vertical sloping rolling flat/horizontal MANAGEMENT (semi) natural disturbed tended manicured ASSESSMENT KEY Principal features: generally Applicable to the Site Secondary features: generally relating to the foreground but (thick black cell border) applicable to the middle ground. may also include the skyline.

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Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

VIEWPOINT LOCATION 6 FROM PUBLIC FOOTPATH S3 ON EDGE OF HOUSING NEAR TIDE MILLS Assessor: Rick Bright Weather Condition: Dry and sunny with light cloud cover Distance/Direction from the Site: 1000m, north-east Landscape Character Assessment Information: Seaford LLCA No.32 (The East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment, 2016), D02 Ouse Estuary Nature Reserve (edge of) (Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority Landscape Capacity Study, 2012) ASSESSMENT Visible, Physical Components of Landform, its Features and Characteristics high plateau peak knoll ridge spur/crags outcrops undulating/hill gully low plateau rolling hills mountain range gorge headland cliff intertidal beach/sea Land Use arable pastoral floodplain quarry sand dune recreational industrial urban retail rural Vegetation pasture scrub vegetation moorland heathland/scrub grassland broadleaved coniferous mixed plantation deforestation woodland woodland woodland Land Cover (Water) sea sea loch intertidal mud/sand delta estuary loch reservoir pools river ditches tributaries canal waterfall harbour Land Use (Settlement) absent town village hamlet sprawling BUILDING STYLE modern mixed traditional converted SETTLEMENT scattered linear irregular infrequent PATTERN Linear Features motorway ‘A’ road ‘B’ road minor road tracks bridleways/footpaths railway watercourses coast/shoreline embankments remnant stone walls hedgerows post and wire hedgebank hedgerows power lines phone masts pipelines settlement FIELD SIZE very large large medium small Single Point Features harbour solar farm golf course church castle stately home/large ruin/folly bridge quarry/mine industrial site house signs mast/transmitter lighting tower built form cliffs Landscape Experience SCALE intimate small large vast TRANQUILLITY silent noisy disturbed coastal COLOUR monochrome muted colourful garish FORM vertical sloping rolling flat/horizontal MANAGEMENT (semi) natural disturbed tended manicured ASSESSMENT KEY Principal features: generally Applicable to the Site Secondary features: generally relating to the foreground but (thick black cell border) applicable to the middle ground. may also include the skyline.

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Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

VIEWPOINT LOCATION 7 - FROM HURDIS ROAD Assessor: Rick Bright Weather Condition: Dry and sunny with light cloud cover Distance/Direction from the Site: 1.25km, north-east Landscape Character Assessment Information: Seaford LLCA No.32 (The East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment, 2016) ASSESSMENT Visible, Physical Components of Landform, its Features and Characteristics high plateau peak knoll ridge spur/crags outcrops undulating/hill gully low plateau rolling hills mountain range gorge headland cliff intertidal beach/sea Land Use arable pastoral floodplain quarry sand dune recreational industrial urban retail rural Vegetation pasture scrub vegetation moorland heathland/scrub grassland broadleaved coniferous mixed plantation deforestation woodland woodland woodland Land Cover (Water) sea sea loch intertidal mud/sand delta estuary loch reservoir pools river ditches tributaries canal waterfall harbour Land Use (Settlement) absent town village hamlet sprawling BUILDING STYLE modern mixed traditional converted SETTLEMENT scattered linear irregular infrequent PATTERN Linear Features motorway ‘A’ road ‘B’ road minor road tracks bridleways/footpaths railway watercourses coast/shoreline embankments remnant stone walls hedgerows post and wire hedgebank hedgerows power lines phone masts pipelines settlement FIELD SIZE very large large medium small Single Point Features harbour solar farm golf course church castle stately home/large ruin/folly bridge quarry/mine industrial site house signs mast/transmitter lighting tower built form cliffs Landscape Experience SCALE intimate small large vast TRANQUILLITY silent noisy disturbed coastal COLOUR monochrome muted colourful garish FORM vertical sloping rolling flat/horizontal MANAGEMENT (semi) natural disturbed tended manicured ASSESSMENT KEY Principal features: generally Applicable to the Site Secondary features: generally relating to the foreground but (thick black cell border) applicable to the middle ground. may also include the skyline.

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Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

VIEWPOINT LOCATION 8 - FROM FOOTPATH NO.SH18B Assessor: Rick Bright Weather Condition: Dry and sunny with light cloud cover/light haze Distance/Direction from the Site: 1.35km, north-east Landscape Character Assessment Information: Firle Bishopstone Downs LLCA No.21 (The East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment, 2016), Ouse to Eastbourne Open Downs LCA A1 (South Downs Integrated Landscape Character Assessment (ILCA), 2011), A01 Area at Rookery Hill (Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority Landscape Capacity Study, 2012) ASSESSMENT Visible, Physical Components of Landform, its Features and Characteristics high plateau peak knoll ridge spur/crags outcrops undulating/hill gully low plateau rolling hills mountain range gorge headland cliff intertidal beach/sea Land Use arable pastoral floodplain quarry sand dune recreational industrial urban retail rural Vegetation pasture scrub vegetation moorland heathland/scrub grassland broadleaved coniferous mixed plantation deforestation woodland woodland woodland Land Cover (Water) sea sea loch intertidal mud/sand delta estuary loch reservoir pools river ditches tributaries canal waterfall harbour Land Use (Settlement) absent town village hamlet sprawling BUILDING STYLE modern mixed traditional converted SETTLEMENT scattered linear irregular infrequent PATTERN Linear Features motorway ‘A’ road ‘B’ road minor road tracks bridleways/footpaths railway watercourses coast/shoreline embankments remnant stone walls hedgerows post and wire hedgebank hedgerows power lines phone masts pipelines settlement FIELD SIZE very large large medium small Single Point Features harbour solar farm golf course church castle stately ruin/folly bridge quarry/mine industrial site home/large house signs mast/transmitter lighting tower built form cliffs Landscape Experience SCALE intimate small large vast TRANQUILLITY silent noisy disturbed coastal COLOUR monochrome muted colourful garish FORM vertical sloping rolling flat/horizontal MANAGEMENT (semi) natural disturbed tended manicured ASSESSMENT KEY Principal features: generally Applicable to the Site Secondary features: generally relating to the foreground but (thick black cell border) applicable to the middle ground. may also include the skyline.

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Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

VIEWPOINT LOCATION 9 - FROM GIBBON ROAD Assessor: Rick Bright Weather Condition: Dry and sunny with light cloud cover Distance/Direction from the Site: 1.0km, north-west Landscape Character Assessment Information: Newhaven LLCA No.34 (The East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment, 2016) ASSESSMENT Visible, Physical Components of Landform, its Features and Characteristics high plateau peak knoll ridge spur/crags outcrops undulating/hill gully low plateau rolling hills mountain range gorge headland cliff intertidal beach/sea Land Use arable pastoral floodplain quarry sand dune recreational industrial urban retail rural Vegetation pasture scrub vegetation moorland heathland/scrub grassland broadleaved coniferous mixed plantation deforestation woodland woodland woodland Land Cover (Water) sea sea loch intertidal mud/sand delta estuary loch reservoir pools river ditches tributaries canal waterfall harbour Land Use (Settlement) absent town village hamlet sprawling BUILDING STYLE modern mixed traditional converted SETTLEMENT scattered linear irregular infrequent PATTERN Linear Features motorway ‘A’ road ‘B’ road minor road tracks bridleways/footpaths railway watercourses coast/shoreline embankments remnant stone walls hedgerows post and wire hedgebank hedgerows power lines phone masts pipelines settlement FIELD SIZE very large large medium small Single Point Features harbour solar farm golf course church castle stately home/large ruin/folly bridge quarry/mine industrial site house signs mast/transmitter lighting tower built form cliffs Landscape Experience SCALE intimate small large vast TRANQUILLITY silent noisy disturbed coastal COLOUR monochrome muted colourful garish FORM vertical sloping rolling flat/horizontal MANAGEMENT (semi) natural disturbed tended manicured ASSESSMENT KEY Principal features: generally Applicable to the Site Secondary features: generally applicable relating to the foreground but (thick black cell border) to the middle ground. may also include the skyline.

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Brett Group

Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

VIEWPOINT LOCATION 9 - FROM NEAR BISHOPSTONE RAILWAY STATION Assessor: Rick Bright Weather Condition: Dry and sunny with light cloud cover Distance/Direction from the Site: 1.55km, east Landscape Character Assessment Information: Seaford LLCA No.32 (The East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment, 2016) ASSESSMENT Visible, Physical Components of Landform, its Features and Characteristics high plateau peak knoll ridge spur/crags outcrops undulating/hill gully low plateau rolling hills mountain range gorge headland cliff intertidal beach/sea Land Use arable pastoral floodplain quarry sand dune recreational industrial urban retail rural Vegetation pasture scrub vegetation moorland heathland/scrub grassland broadleaved coniferous mixed plantation deforestation woodland woodland woodland Land Cover (Water) sea sea loch intertidal mud/sand delta estuary loch reservoir pools river ditches tributaries canal waterfall harbour Land Use (Settlement) absent town village hamlet sprawling BUILDING STYLE modern mixed traditional converted SETTLEMENT scattered linear irregular infrequent PATTERN Linear Features motorway ‘A’ road ‘B’ road minor road tracks bridleways/footpaths railway watercourses coast/shoreline embankments remnant stone walls hedgerows post and wire hedgebank hedgerows power lines phone masts pipelines settlement FIELD SIZE very large large medium small Single Point Features harbour solar farm golf course church castle stately home/large ruin/folly bridge quarry/mine industrial site house signs mast/transmitter lighting tower built form cliffs Landscape Experience SCALE intimate small large vast TRANQUILLITY silent noisy disturbed coastal COLOUR monochrome muted colourful garish FORM vertical sloping rolling flat/horizontal MANAGEMENT (semi) natural disturbed tended manicured ASSESSMENT KEY Principal features: generally Applicable to the Site Secondary features: generally applicable relating to the foreground but (thick black cell border) to the middle ground. may also include the skyline.

Bright & Associates Page PN1081, Appendix 4: Visual Pack Supporting Information, September 2017 xi

Brett Group

Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

VIEWPOINT LOCATION 10 - FROM HILL RISE, SEAFORD Assessor: Rick Bright Weather Condition: Dry and sunny with light cloud cover Distance/Direction from the Site: 1.7km, east Landscape Character Assessment Information: Seaford LLCA No.32 (The East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment, 2016) ASSESSMENT Visible, Physical Components of Landform, its Features and Characteristics high plateau peak knoll ridge spur/crags outcrops undulating/hill gully low plateau rolling hills mountain range gorge headland cliff intertidal beach/sea Land Use arable pastoral floodplain quarry sand dune recreational industrial urban retail rural Vegetation pasture scrub vegetation moorland heathland/scrub grassland broadleaved coniferous mixed plantation deforestation woodland woodland woodland Land Cover (Water) sea sea loch intertidal mud/sand delta estuary loch reservoir pools river ditches tributaries canal waterfall harbour Land Use (Settlement) absent town village hamlet sprawling BUILDING STYLE modern mixed traditional converted SETTLEMENT scattered linear irregular infrequent PATTERN Linear Features motorway ‘A’ road ‘B’ road minor road tracks bridleways/footpaths railway watercourses coast/shoreline embankments remnant stone walls hedgerows post and wire hedgebank hedgerows power lines phone masts pipelines settlement railway line FIELD SIZE very large large medium small Single Point Features harbour solar farm golf course church castle stately home/large ruin/folly bridge quarry/mine industrial site house signs mast/transmitter lighting tower built form cliffs Landscape Experience SCALE intimate small large vast TRANQUILLITY silent noisy disturbed coastal COLOUR monochrome muted colourful garish FORM vertical sloping rolling flat/horizontal MANAGEMENT (semi) natural disturbed tended manicured ASSESSMENT KEY Principal features: generally Applicable to the Site Secondary features: generally applicable relating to the foreground but (thick black cell border) to the middle ground. may also include the skyline.

Bright & Associates Page PN1081, Appendix 4: Visual Pack Supporting Information, September 2017 xii

Brett Group

Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

VIEWPOINT LOCATION 11 - FROM STATION ROAD Assessor: Rick Bright Weather Condition: Dry and sunny with light cloud cover Distance/Direction from the Site: 1.6km, north Landscape Character Assessment Information: Newhaven LLCA No.34 (The East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment, 2016) ASSESSMENT Visible, Physical Components of Landform, its Features and Characteristics high plateau peak knoll ridge spur/crags outcrops undulating/hill gully low plateau rolling hills mountain range gorge headland cliff intertidal beach/sea Land Use arable pastoral floodplain quarry sand dune recreational industrial urban retail rural Vegetation pasture scrub vegetation moorland heathland/scrub grassland broadleaved coniferous mixed plantation deforestation woodland woodland woodland Land Cover (Water) sea sea loch intertidal mud/sand delta estuary loch reservoir pools river ditches tributaries canal waterfall harbour Land Use (Settlement) absent town village hamlet sprawling BUILDING STYLE modern mixed traditional converted SETTLEMENT scattered linear irregular infrequent PATTERN Linear Features motorway ‘A’ road ‘B’ road minor road tracks bridleways/footpaths railway watercourses coast/shoreline embankments remnant stone walls hedgerows post and wire hedgebank hedgerows power lines phone masts pipelines settlement railway line FIELD SIZE very large large medium small Single Point Features harbour solar farm golf course church castle stately home/large ruin/folly bridge quarry/mine industrial site house signs mast/transmitter lighting tower built form cliffs Landscape Experience SCALE intimate small large vast TRANQUILLITY silent noisy disturbed coastal COLOUR monochrome muted colourful garish FORM vertical sloping rolling flat/horizontal MANAGEMENT (semi) natural disturbed tended manicured ASSESSMENT KEY Principal features: generally Applicable to the Site Secondary features: generally applicable relating to the foreground but (thick black cell border) to the middle ground. may also include the skyline.

Bright & Associates Page PN1081, Appendix 4: Visual Pack Supporting Information, September 2017 xiii

Brett Group

Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

VIEWPOINT LOCATION 12 - FROM BRIDLEWAY NO. N32E Assessor: Rick Bright Weather Condition: Dry and sunny with light cloud cover Distance/Direction from the Site: 2.0km, north Landscape Character Assessment Information: Firle Bishopstone Downs LLCA No.21 (The East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment, 2016), Ouse to Eastbourne Open Downs LCA A1 (South Downs Integrated Landscape Character Assessment (ILCA), 2011), F (not identified in the Study) (Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority Landscape Capacity Study, 2012) ASSESSMENT Visible, Physical Components of Landform, its Features and Characteristics high plateau peak knoll ridge spur/crags outcrops undulating/hill gully low plateau rolling hills mountain range gorge headland cliff intertidal beach/sea Land Use arable pastoral floodplain quarry sand dune recreational industrial urban retail rural Vegetation pasture scrub vegetation moorland heathland/scrub grassland broadleaved coniferous mixed plantation deforestation woodland woodland woodland Land Cover (Water) sea sea loch intertidal mud/sand delta estuary loch reservoir pools river ditches tributaries canal waterfall harbour Land Use (Settlement) absent town village hamlet sprawling BUILDING STYLE modern mixed traditional converted SETTLEMENT scattered linear irregular infrequent PATTERN Linear Features motorway ‘A’ road ‘B’ road minor road tracks bridleways/footpaths railway watercourses coast/shoreline embankments remnant stone walls hedgerows post and wire hedgebank hedgerows power lines phone masts pipelines settlement FIELD SIZE very large large medium small Single Point Features harbour solar farm golf course church castle stately home/large ruin/folly bridge quarry/mine industrial site house signs mast/transmitter lighting tower built form cliffs Landscape Experience SCALE intimate small large vast TRANQUILLITY silent noisy disturbed coastal COLOUR monochrome muted colourful garish FORM vertical sloping rolling flat/horizontal MANAGEMENT (semi) natural disturbed tended manicured ASSESSMENT KEY Principal features: generally Applicable to the Site Secondary features: generally applicable relating to the foreground but (thick black cell border) to the middle ground. may also include the skyline.

Bright & Associates Page PN1081, Appendix 4: Visual Pack Supporting Information, September 2017 xiv

Brett Group

Proposed Aggregate Importation and Processing and the Preparation and Manufacture of Value Added Products Fisher’s Wharf East Quay Newhaven Port Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

VIEWPOINT LOCATION 13 - FROM A TRACK NEAR SOUTH HEIGHTON (RESTRICTED BYWAY NO. SH4B) Assessor: Rick Bright Weather Condition: Dry and sunny with light cloud cover Distance/Direction from the Site: 2.4km, north Landscape Character Assessment Information: Firle Bishopstone Downs LLCA No.21 (The East Sussex Landscape Character Assessment, 2016), Ouse to Eastbourne Open Downs LCA A1 (South Downs Integrated Landscape Character Assessment (ILCA), 2011) ASSESSMENT Visible, Physical Components of Landform, its Features and Characteristics high plateau peak knoll ridge spur/crags outcrops undulating/hill gully low plateau rolling hills mountain range gorge headland cliff intertidal beach/sea Land Use arable pastoral floodplain quarry sand dune recreational industrial urban retail rural Vegetation pasture scrub vegetation moorland heathland/scrub grassland broadleaved coniferous mixed plantation deforestation woodland woodland woodland Land Cover (Water) sea sea loch intertidal mud/sand delta estuary loch reservoir pools river ditches tributaries canal waterfall harbour Land Use (Settlement) absent town village hamlet sprawling BUILDING STYLE modern mixed traditional converted SETTLEMENT scattered linear irregular infrequent PATTERN Linear Features motorway ‘A’ road ‘B’ road minor road tracks bridleways/footpaths railway watercourses coast/shoreline embankments remnant stone walls hedgerows post and wire hedgebank hedgerows power lines phone masts pipelines settlement FIELD SIZE very large large medium small Single Point Features harbour solar farm golf course church castle stately home/large ruin/folly bridge quarry/mine industrial site house signs mast/transmitter lighting tower built form cliffs Landscape Experience SCALE intimate small large vast TRANQUILLITY silent noisy disturbed coastal COLOUR monochrome muted colourful garish FORM vertical sloping rolling flat/horizontal MANAGEMENT (semi) natural disturbed tended manicured ASSESSMENT KEY Principal features: generally Applicable to the Site Secondary features: generally applicable relating to the foreground but (thick black cell border) to the middle ground. may also include the skyline.

Bright & Associates Page PN1081, Appendix 4: Visual Pack Supporting Information, September 2017 xv

bright & associates landscape and environmental consultants

Pear Tree House Dovaston Oswestry Shropshire SY10 8DP 01691 682 773 [email protected] www.bright-associates.co.uk

A Registered Practice of the Landscape Institute