Information technology
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search
Information technology (IT) is concerned with technology to treat information. The acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information by a microelectronics-based combination of computing and telecommunications are its main fields.[1] The term in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review, in which authors Leavitt and Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT).".[2] Some of the modern and emerging fields of Information technology are next generation web technologies, bioinformatics, cloud computing, global information systems, large scale knowledgebases, etc. Advancements are mainly driven in the field ofcomputer science. Contents
• 1 Information • 2 Technology • 3 Technological capacity and growth • 4 See also • 5 References • 6 Further reading
• 7 External links [edit] Information
Main article: Information
The English word was apparently derived from the Latin stem (information-) of the nominative (informatio): this noun is in its turn derived from the verb "informare" (to inform) in the sense of "to give form to the mind", "to discipline", "instruct", "teach".
Raw data is given structure and then is called information. Understanding this information is then called knowledge, which leads to an information ladder. [edit] Technology
Main article: Technology
Information and communication technology spending in 2005
IT is the area of managing technology and spans wide variety of areas that include computer software, information systems, computer hardware, programming languages but are not limited to things such as processes, and data constructs. In short, anything that renders data, information or perceived knowledge in any visual format whatsoever, via any multimedia distribution mechanism, is considered part of the IT domain. IT provides businesses with four sets of core services to help execute the business strategy: business process automation, providing information, connecting with customers, and productivity tools.
IT professionals perform a variety of functions (IT Disciplines/Competencies) that ranges from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information databases. A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may include data management, networking, engineering computer hardware, database and software design, as well as management and administration of entire systems. Information technology is starting to spread further than the conventional personal computer and network technologies, and more into integrations of other technologies such as the use of cell phones, televisions, automobiles, and more, which is increasing the demand for such jobs.
In the recent past, the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology and the Association for Computing Machinery have collaborated to form accreditation and curriculum standards[3] for degrees in Information Technology as a distinct field of study as compared[4] to Computer Science and Information Systems today. SIGITE (Special Interest Group for IT Education)[5] is the ACM working group for defining these standards. The Worldwide IT services revenue totaled $763 billion in 2009.[6] [edit] Technological capacity and growth
Hilbert and Lopez[7] identify the exponential pace of technological change (a kind of Moore's law): machines’ application-specific capacity to compute information per capita has roughly doubled every 14 months between 1986- 2007; the per capita capacity of the world’s general-purpose computers has doubled every 18 months during the same two decades; the global telecommunication capacity per capita doubled every 34 months; the world’s storage capacity per capita required roughly 40 months to double (every 3 years); and per capita broadcast information has doubled roughly every 12.3 years.[7] [edit] See also
• Information and communications technology (ICT) • Information history • Computer science [edit] References
1. ^ Longley, Dennis; Shain, Michael (1985), Dictionary of Information Technology (2 ed.), Macmillan Press, p. 164, ISBN 0-333-37260-3 2. ^ Management in the 1980’s, Harold J. Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler, Harvard Business Review, 1958-11. 3. ^ ABET 4. ^ Isbell, Charles; Impagliazzo, John; Stein, Lynn; Proulx, Viera; Russ, Steve; Forbes, Jeffrey; Thomas, Richard; Fraser, Linda et al. (December 2009),(Re)Defining Computing Curricula by (Re)Defining Computing, Association for Computing Machinery, ACM, ISBN 978-1-60558-886-5 5. ^ ACM-SIGITE 6. ^ "Gartner Says Worldwide IT Services Revenue Declined 5.3 Percent in 2009", Gartner, retrieved 20 November 2010 7. ^ a b "The World’s Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information", Martin Hilbert and Priscila López (2011), Science (journal), 332(6025), 60-65; free access to the article through here: martinhilbert.net/WorldInfoCapacity.html [edit] Further reading
• Adelman, C. (2000). A Parallel Post-secondary Universe: The Certification System in Information Technology. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education. • Allen, T., and M.S. Morton, eds. 1994. Information Technology and the Corporation of the 1990s. New York: Oxford University Press. • Shelly, Gary, Cashman, Thomas, Vermaat, Misty, and Walker, Tim. (1999). Discovering Computers 2000: Concepts for a Connected World. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Course Technology. • Webster, Frank, and Robins, Kevin. (1986). Information Technology—A Luddite Analysis. Norwood, NJ: Ablex. • The Global Information Technology Report 2008–2009 , World Economic Forum and INSEAD, 2009, ISBN 978-92-95044-19-7
• Blais, Steven (December 2011). Business Analysis: Best Practices for Success. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 1118076001. [edit] External links
Wikiversity has learning materials aboutInformation technology • The Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) • v
• d
• e Major information technology companies
• List of the largest technology companies
• List of the largest software companies
• Semiconductor sales leaders by year
Accenture
Atos
Booz Allen Hamilton
Consulting and BT Global Services outsourcing Capgemini
CGI Group
Cognizant
CSC
Deloitte
Dell Services
Fujitsu Getronics
HCL Technologies
Hitachi
HP Enterprise Services
IBM Global Services
Indra
Infosys
Logica
NEC
Northrop Grumman NTT Data
Orange Business Services
SAIC
TCS
T-Systems
Unisys
Wipro
Canon
Imaging HP
Kodak
Kyocera
Lexmark
Ricoh
Seiko Epson
Sharp Corporation
Toshiba
Xerox
Dell
EMC
Fujitsu
Hitachi
HP
Information storage IBM
NetApp
Oracle
Samsung
Seagate
Western Digital
Mainframes IBM
Apple
ASUS Mobile devices
HTC
Huawei
LG
Motorola Mobility
NEC Casio
Nokia
RIM
Samsung
Sony Ericsson
ZTE
Alcatel-Lucent
Avaya
Cisco
Ericsson
Fujitsu
HP Networking equipment Huawei
Juniper
Mitsubishi Electric
Motorola Solutions
NEC
Nokia Siemens ZTE
Celestica OEMs
Flextronics
Foxconn
Jabil
Quanta
Sanmina-SCI
Acer (Gateway)
Apple
ASUS
Dell
Fujitsu
Personal computers HP and servers Lenovo
NEC
Toshiba IBM
Servers only Oracle
Unisys
Advanced Micro Devices
Broadcom
Elpida Memory
Semiconductors Freescale Semiconductor
Hynix
Infineon Technologies
Intel Marvell Technology Group
MediaTek
Micron Technology
Nvidia
NXP
Panasonic
Qualcomm
Renesas Electronics
Samsung
Sony STMicroelectronics
Texas Instruments
Toshiba
VIA Technologies GlobalFoundries
Foundries TSMC
United Microelectronics Corporation
Adobe
Apple
CA
Software Google
HP Software
IBM
Intuit
McAfee
Microsoft
Oracle
SAP
Symantec
América Móvil
AT&T
Bell Canada
BT
Bharti Airtel
CenturyLink
China Mobile
China Telecom
Telecommunications China Unicom services
Comcast Deutsche Telekom
France Télécom
Hutchison
KDDI
KPN
KT
MTS
NTT
NTT DoCoMo
Reliance Communications
Rogers SK Telecom
Sprint Nextel
Swisscom
Telenor
Telecom Italia
Telefónica
TeliaSonera
Verizon
Vivendi
Vodafone
Amazon.com
Baidu
eBay Websites Facebook
Yahoo!
Methodology: FY2010/11 applicable revenues of over: group 1-10 and 12 - US$3 billion; group 11 - US$10 billion
• v
• d
• e Technology
• Science
Fields Bioinformatics
Biological engineering
Biomechatronics
Biomedical engineering
Biotechnology
Cheminformatics Biomedical Genetic engineering
Healthcare science
Medical research
Medical technology
Nanomedicine
Pharmacology Tissue engineering
Acoustical engineering
Architectural engineering
Building services engineering
Civil engineering Buildings and
construction Construction engineering Construction management
Facade engineering
Fire protection engineering
Offshore construction
Safety engineering Sanitary engineering
Structural engineering
Agricultural engineering
Aquaculture
Domestic appliances
Fisheries science
Domestic and food Food chemistry
Food engineering Food microbiology
ICT in agriculture
Nutrition
Educational software
Digital technologies in education
ICT in education
Educational Impact
Multimedia learning
Virtual campus Virtual education
Energy storage
Nuclear engineering Energy Nuclear technology
Petroleum engineering Clean technology
Ecological design
Ecological engineering
Ecotechnology
Environmental engineering Environmental Environmental engineering science
Green building
Green nanotechnology
Renewable energy
Sustainable design Sustainable engineering
Automation
Business informatics
Engineering management
Enterprise engineering
Financial engineering Industrial biotechnology Industrial Industrial engineering
Metallurgy
Mining engineering
Productivity improving technologies Project management
Research and development
Artificial intelligence IT and communications Broadcast engineering
Computer engineering
Computer science
Information technology Music technology
Ontology engineering
RF engineering
Software engineering
Speech recognition Telecommunications engineering
Visual technology
Army engineering maintenance
Electronic warfare
Military Military communications
Military engineering
Stealth technology
Aerospace engineering
Automotive engineering
Naval architecture Transport
Space technology
Traffic engineering Transport engineering
Archaeology
Other applied Cryogenics sciences
Electronics
Engineering geology
Engineering physics
Hydraulics
Materials science Microtechnology
Nanotechnology
Particle physics
Zoography
Audio
Biochemical
Ceramic
Chemical
Control
Electrical
Electronic Other engineering fields Entertainment
Geotechnical
Hydraulic Mechanical
Mechatronics
Optical
Protein
Systems Appropriate technology
Critique of technology
Diffusion of innovations
High tech
Paradigm
Philosophy of technology
Posthumanism Precautionary principle
Proactionary principle
Strategy of Technology
Techno-progressivism
Theories and Technocentrism concepts Technocracy
Technocriticism Technological determinism
Technological evolution
Technological innovation system
Technological nationalism
Technological revival Technological singularity
Technology management
Technology readiness level
Technorealism
Transhumanism Emerging technologies (List)
Fictional technology
High-technology business districts
History of technology (Ancient technology
Medieval technology Renaissance technology
Industrial Revolution
Jet Age Other Information Age )
Inventions (Timeline)
List of technologies
Science and technology by country Technical universities and colleges
Technological change
Technology companies
Technology and society
Book · Category · Commons · Portal · Wikiquotes
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Information_technology&oldid=467015024" Categories: • Applied sciences • Information technology • Media technology • Outsourcing
Personal tools
• Log in / create account
Namespaces • Article • Discussion
Variants
Views
• Read • Edit • View history
Actions
Search
Navigation
• Main page • Contents • Featured content • Current events • Random article • Donate to Wikipedia
Interaction
• Help • About Wikipedia • Community portal • Recent changes • Contact Wikipedia
Toolbox
• What links here • Related changes • Upload file • Special pages • Permanent link • Cite this page Print/export
• Create a book • Download as PDF • Printable version
Languages
• Afrikaans العربية • • Aragonés • Azərbaycanca • Беларуская • Беларуская (тарашкевіца) • Bosanski • Български • Català • Česky • Dansk • Deutsch • Eesti • Ελληνικά • Español • Esperanto • Euskara فارسی • • Français • Gaelg • Galego • 贛贛 • 贛贛贛 • Հայերեն • िहनदी • Hrvatski • Bahasa Indonesia • Íslenska • Italiano עברית • • Basa Jawa • ಕನನಡ • ქართული • Қазақша • Kiswahili • ລາວ • Latina • Latviešu • Lietuvių • Magyar • മലയാളം • मराठी مصرى • • Bahasa Melayu • Mirandés • မမနနမာဘာသာ • नेपाली • Nederlands • 贛贛贛 • Norsk (bokmål) • Norsk (nynorsk) • Occitan • Олык Марий • O'zbek پنجابی • • Polski • Português • Română • Русиньскый • Русский • Саха тыла • Setswana • Shqip • සංහල • Simple English سن ڌي • • Slovenčina • Slovenščina کوردی • • Српски / Srpski • Srpskohrvatski / Српскохрватски • Suomi • Svenska • தமழ • ไทย • Türkçe • Українська • Tiếng Việt • Winaray • 贛贛 • 贛贛
• This page was last modified on 21 December 2011 at 12:21. • Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of use for details. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. • Contact us
• Privacy policy • About Wikipedia • Disclaimers • Mobile view
•
•