Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeaovina E627 Public Disclosure Authorized

Bosnia and Herzegovina Small Scale Commercial Agricultural Development Project Environmental Assessment August 2002 Public Disclosure Authorized

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Sarajevo, August 2002. Public Disclosure Authorized

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. FILECOP~~~~~~~~~~~Yl Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeaovina

General Information

Contract Information

Contract 5069 was signed on 20.07.2002 between the Federal government of Bosnia and Herzegovina, through the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Water Utility and Forestry (PIU Forestry), on one side and Bosna-S Oil Services Company on the other.

Financing organization

The Environmental Assessment study is financed by The World Bank, Washington D.C., USA.

Consultant

Bosna-S Oil Services Company Nova st. 26, 71000 Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina Tel: +387 33 278 040 Fax: +387 33 200 074 Email: info a.bosna-s.ba Web: www.bosna-s.ba

EA Team

Domagoj Baci6, B.Sc. Mech. Eng. Esma Kreso, B.Sc. Env. Eng. Savo Radovic, B. Sc. Civ. Eng. Ivica Katalini6, B. Sc. Civ. Eng. Semsudin Had2iefendic, B.Sc. Mech. Eng. Fethi Silajdzic, B.Sc. Mech. Eng. Sabina Hodzic, B.Sc. Mech. Eng. Nino Hodzic, B.Sc. Computer Sc.

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

EA Environmental Assessment FBiH Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina RS Republika Srpska BiH Bosnia and Herzegovina SSCADP Small Scale Commercial Agricultural Development Project WUA Water User Associations FWUA Federations of Water User Associations Ha Hectare HE Hydro Power Plant TMT river Tihaljina-Mlada-Trebizat River RH Republic of Croatia NEAP BiH National Environmental Action Plan BiH SFRJ Socialistic Federal Republic Yugoslavia PIU Project Implementation Unit ESC Environmental Steering Committee SR BiH Socialist Republic Bosnia and Herzegovina (within Ex-Yugoslavia) SFRJ Socialistic Federal Republic Yugoslavia HR Republic of Croatia

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeaovina

Executive Summary

The project objective is to develop private, market-integrated commercial agriculture in selected low- income, high-potential areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The project would (1) encourage fanners to adopt more profitable production systems and increase their surplus of more marketable commodities, (2) assist them in marketing their produce through the formation of new-style cooperatives and other marketing associations, (3) create a dynamic commercial agriculture by strengthening the linkages among farmers and markets through the promotion of private sector investment in agro-processing and trading, and (4) support measures and investments to strengthen the physical and institutional infrastructure of rural communities. Through all these activities, the project would create a more conducive business environment at farm, company, and municipal levels. The increased production and productivity resulting from the project would increase farming and other rural incomes and reduce unemployment and poverty. The project would have four components: (I) Market Integration, (II) Private Agri-Business Support, (III) Commercial Farmer Support, and (IV) Project Management. Project components with potential for negative environmental impacts are:

Component II Sub-component B - Enterprise Credit Component III Sub-component A - Technology Development Component III Sub-component B - Micro-Credit Component III Sub-Component C - Irrigation Rehabilitation

With the exception of Component I11.C, the environmental impacts of the other sub-components cannot be determined at this time as the activities which will be funded will only be identified during project implementation by the financial intermediary (FI), making these category "Fl" sub- components. The Fl for Component II Sub-component B - Enterprise credit, will be a commercial bank. The Fl for Component III Sub-component B - Micro-credit will be an existing micro-credit organization with experience with other similar World Bank financed projects. The Fl for Component III Sub-component A - Technology Development, will be the State Competitive Grants Committee. It is not possible to review the environmental aspects of the sub-loans, credits and grants at present. For the loans and credits, the project operations manual includes an appendix on "General Guidelines for Identification and Analysis of Environmental Impacts of Project Loan Activities" which includes the mechanisms and responsibilities for environmental screening and review of proposals. For the grants, the guidelines related to environmental screening, review and monitoring are provided in an apendix to the project operations manual, "Competitive Grants Program for Technology and Market Development." The FIs would be trained to evaluate loan applications based on Bank's Environmental Guidelines for Financial Intermediary Loans.

Investments under Component III Sub-Component C - Irrigation Rehabilitation, have been identified, and are the subject of this environmental assessment. The project would finance the rehabilitation of deteriorated irrigation and drainage systems in the project areas. No new structure of significant size would be built under the project. There is also no new land acquisition and no resettlement of people because of the rehabilitation activities.

The direct environmental impact of the irrigation rehabilitation sub-component is expected to be small to insignificant. The project would rehabilitate existing small irrigation facilities, which are unlikely to create adverse environmental impacts. No new structure of significant size would be built under the project. There is also no new land acquisition and no resettlement of people because of the rehabilitation activities. There are no protected areas or natural or cultural sites within the project area. However, negative impacts of the project could potentially come from: (a) increased

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agrochemical pollution and surface water contamination, resulting from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers and increased circulation of irrigation water; (b) soil erosion associated with existing practices of agricultural production due to increased production; (c) indiscriminate dumping of excavated sediment deposits and other materials from the canals, drains and structures during construction and maintenance; and (d) environmental damage caused by contractors during construction activities. Livestock are not seen as a potential environmental threats as they will be held in small numbers and by widely distributed private farmers, mostly under loss housing conditions and their excrement will be collected for field fertilization. On the other hand, the project is expected to have positive environmental effects through: (a) cleaning of main canals, drains and removal of deposited debris and other unwanted materials; (b) repair and improvement of flood banks, and canal and drainage channel banks; (c) promotion of improved land use practices and farming methods; (d) modernizing and improvement of agricultural product processing; (e) removal of areas of stagnant and standing water through cleaning of drainage canals and drainage systems; (f) reduction of areas of potential erosion hazard around structures, diversion weirs, outfalls from structures (g) improvement of water management by providing better access to control structures and to gates, improvement of outlets to farms and the formation of water users groups and other assistance in water management; and (h) strengthening local capacities in environmentally sustainable approaches to agricultural development through training and capacity building. The project would provide training programs in farm and business management, co-operative management, agricultural marketing, water management, and participatory monitoring and evaluation.

Mitigation measures provided under the project to address potential negative environmental impacts include:

* Provision on a continuing basis of extension and advisory services, as well as specific training in fertilizers and pesticides as to proper application techniques, timing and handling of residues. This training in careful use of fertilizers and chemicals, and the continuing extension and advisory services to disseminate best practice is expected to keep the negative impact of increased input use to a minimum. * Regular training and continuing advice in improved irrigation management practices would reduce soil erosion within irrigation schemes and consequently reduce the environmental impact of sedimentation on rivers. * During project design and supervision, contractors would be required to prevent, minimize or mitigate environmental damage. Sediments and other debris would be displaced in an orderly manner in approved paths or in landfill or dump sites, rather than dumped indiscriminately. Reuse of excavated materials would be specifically directed, where suitable, limiting the need for old and new quarries. Where possible, existing quarries would be used for required additional materials. Contractors would also have to restore landscape to quasi-original condition after completion of rehabilitation works and after use of quarries. The details of environmental precautionary clauses for contractor works would be included in the bidding documents for proposed rehabilitation and improvement works. If these are implemented and enforced well, there should be no or minimal impact on the environment.

Environmental management plans have been prepared which include mitigation measures for impacts related to the construction and operation phases of the project. Environmental monitoring plans have been prepared which include:

* Pesticides, chemicals and fertilizer levels would be measured at selected and representative sites within the main irrigation systems. Measurements would take place three times per irrigation season (March, May and September) by cantonal environment staff. They would also analyze the

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. v Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeaovina

samples with portable field kits. International thresholds would be used that would signal need for corrective actions. If the river water were above the allowable norm for longer periods, corrective measures would have to be implemented. These would include increased training and extension activities and possibly reductions in the use of inputs. * Soil erosion would be assessed by Cantonal environment inspectors, especially in identified problem areas. Measurements would take place during both the irrigation and the rainy season. If the level of soil erosion reaches levels where it would cause damage to river systems and downstream irrigation systems, training efforts would be intensified. * Contractors' activities would be supervised by the local municipal or consulting engineers and monitored by Cantonal environment inspectors. Any damage done by a contractor to the environment would have to be rectified at their expense.

The EA concluded that the project would not have any impact on quantity or quality of water flow to Croatia.

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Table of Contents Page No.

General Information ...... ii Executive Summary .. iv 1. Background. 1 1.1 Project Overview . 2.2 Environmental Impacts .3 1.3 Need for the Project .3 1.4 Objectives of the Environmental Assessment .4 2. Small Scale Community Agricultural Development Project (SSCADP). 5 2.1 Description of Irrigation Component .5 2.2 Project Objective. 5 3. Project Area Description. 6 3.1 Map of BiH with a focus on the project area .12 3.1.1 BiH with position of project areas .. 12 3.1.2 South East Herzegovina with position of project areas . .12 3.1.3 Average precipitation .. 13 3.1.4 Average yearly. temperatures .. 13 3.1.5 Average temperatures in July .. 14 3.1.6 Details of project in Trebinje area .. 15 4. Review of National Policies and International Water-Sharing Agreementsl6 4.1 Introduction .16 4.2 Institutional framework .16 4.3 Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina .16 4.4 Republika Srpska .17 4.5 Inter-entity bodies .17 4.6 Legal framework at the state level .18 4.7 Legal framework in Federation BiH .18 4.7.1 Legal framework at federal level .. 18 4.8 Legal framework at cantonal level .20 4.9 Legal framework in Republika Srpska .21 4.10 Intemational Water Sharing Agreements 23 5. Baseline Data on the Environment of the Project Area .24 6. Analysis of Alternatives .32 7. Environmental Management Plan .33 7.1 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) .34 8. Waste Management Strategy .45 9. World Bank Safeguards Analysis .46 10. Environmental Monitoring Plan .47 11. Institutional Arrangements .55 11.1 Institutional and User Strengthening and Training .55 12. Schedule .57 13. Public Consultation .57 14. Conclusion .57 Appendices list ...... 59 Literature ...... 45

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. vii Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeaovina

1. Background

1.1 Project Overview

The goal of the Bosnia Small-Scale Commercial Agriculture Development Project (SSCAD) is to develop private, market-integrated commercial agriculture in selected low-income, high-potential areas of Bosnia Herzegovina. The project would (1) encourage farmers to adopt more profitable production systems and increase their surplus of more marketable commodities, (2) assist them in marketing their produce through the formation of new-style cooperatives and other marketing associations, (3) create a dynamic commercial agriculture by strengthening the linkages among farmers and markets through the promotion of private sector investment in agro-processing and trading, and (4) support measures and investments to strengthen the physical and institutional infrastructure of rural communities. Through all these activities, the project would create a more conducive business environment at farm, company, and municipal levels. The increased production and productivity resulting from the project would increase farming and other rural incomes and reduce unemployment and poverty. The project would has four components: (I) Market Integration, (II) Private Agri-Business Support, (III) Commercial Farmer Support, and (IV) Project Management, as described below. Project sub-components and activities which could have environmental impacts are in italics and described in more detail later in this assessment.

(I) Market Integration Component (US$ 1.22 million)

This component would strengthen the linkages among farmers, private agri-business producers and markets that are necessary for a dynamic commercial agriculture and promote the development of local farmer, processor and trader associations and new-style cooperatives. The component's sub- components are:

(a) Market development. The project would improve provision of market information to all participants in the value chain. This would principally be achieved by assisting farmer organizations, new-style cooperatives, processor and trader associations and government agencies in developing market information services and in techniques for dissemination of this information. Support would include training, workshops, publications, and technical assistance.

(b) Quality Improvement. The project would assist in the development of optimum quality throughout the production and marketing chain, which would be consistent both with market opportunities and legal requirements in EU and other international markets and with producer resources. The project would finance technical assistance and training programs and the certification costs for export products.

(c) Cooperative and Association Development. The project would strengthen farmer associations and marketing cooperatives to enable small farmers to effectively participate in high- quality agricultural markets. These organizations can schedule production, collect farmer output, grade, pack and be conduits of market information, quality control, technology and credit. Periodic short-term technical assistance and training would be also provided.

(II) Private Agri-Business Support Component (US$ 4.05 million)

This component would strengthen the roles of private agricultural business so they could provide effective demand and add value to agriculture products. This component has three subcomponents as follows:

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

(a) Development of Bankable Proposals. The project would facilitate access to bank credit by commercial farmers, processors, packers, traders, cooperatives and private wholesale markets to finance profitable agricultural production, processing and marketing investments. Potential agri-business project participants would be required to meet project eligibility criteria for inclusion in the program and would develop proposals to be presented to commercial banks for appraisal. The processors, packers and traders selected would have to have sustainable market prospects back-linked to production capabilities in the project area. Guidelines for preparation and evaluation of the proposals would include environmental review of the proposals. The project would provide technical assistance to farmers, agro-processors and traders in preparing business plans.

(b) Enterprise Credit. The project would provide funds to participating commercial banks, which would onlend to agriculture enterprises in the project areas. Participating banks would be selected from an approved short-list of commercial banks that have passed due diligence tests, meet project criteria, express willingness to lend to agriculture, have branches in the project areas and have staff trained in appraising agriculture loans.

(c) Technical assistance would be provided to participating banks for developing financial packages suitable for agriculture and training staff in appraising agriculture project proposals and agri-business management training.

(III) Commercial Farmer Development Component.(US$ 7.61 million)

The project would focus on improved technologies to support market-led producer diversification, specialization and intensification, facilitate access of commercial farmers to micro-credit and improve reliability of water supplies.

(a) Technology Development. Through a Competitive Grant Program, this sub- component would support individual producers, community groups and agricultural processors to test and develop technology appropriate to identified market opportunities. The Grant Program would build institutional capacity of public and private rural service providers to support farmers, agricultural processors and other rural entrepreneurs. The project would provide approximately 40 applied research grants, of up to $20,000, for new varieties, higher yields, improved quality, reduced production costs, and value adding strategies for existing and new products and markets. It would also support 25 technology demonstrations on farmers' fields and in assembly markets and processing industries to test or transfer new and adapted technology clearly linked to defined market opportunities. The ceiling on demonstration projects is $5,000. Demonstration projects proposed during project preparation include materials for ice-cream production and improved chess production; greenhouse production; and improved packaging. Evaluation criteria, found in the Grants Operations Manual, include environmental impact.

(b) Micro-Credit. The project would provide access for individual small and medium- sized farmers to finance for small capital improvements and working capital through existing micro- credit organizations. Producers in the project area see lack of micro-credit as a major constraint to increasing their commercial farming activities. It is anticipated these credits would be used primarily for equipment, e.g. tractors, and agriculture inputs, e.g. seeds. Credits would be in amounts in the range of $1500 - $15,000.

(c) Irrigation Rehabilitation. The project would finance improvements in irrigation where these would be used by private farmers to increase productivity and the quality of their commercial production. It would involve redesign, repair and improvement of existing irrigation systems serving private farmers. The improvements proposed in Lubushki and Trebinje would include (i) cleaning of main canals, drains and removal of debris, (ii) repair of diversion weirs, structures, flood banks, and canal and drainage channel banks, (iii) repair of gates at the main diversion, control and drainage structures, (iv) improvement of access to control structures and to gates (v) improvement in outlets to

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeaovina

farms and (vi) assistance in water management and the formation of water users groups. The initial works proposed for each area would act as the catalyst to small farmers to improve on-farm channels by ensuring reliable water delivery near to their farm gate. Irrigation investments financed by the project would be designed to be economic by avoiding capital- and electricity-intensive systems in favor of low-cost systems already in use in the project areas.

(IV) Project Management. (US$ 1.29 million)

The project would strengthen project implementation units in both the FBiH and RS. It would increase existing capability to manage day-to-day project activities and coordinate work with local implementation units. The project would finance consultants, incremental staff, office equipment, vehicles and other operating expenses related to the project.

2.2 Environmental Impacts

Project components with potential for negative environmental impacts are:

Component 11 Sub-component B - Enterprise Credit Component III Sub-component A - Technology Development Component III Sub-component B - Micro-Credit Component III Sub-Component C - Irrigation Rehabilitation

With the exception of Component III.C, the environmental impacts of the other sub-components cannot be determined at this time as the activities which will be funded will only be identified during project implementation by the financial intermediary (Fl), making these category "Fl" sub- components. The Fl for Component 11 Sub-component B - Enterprise credit, will be a commercial bank. The Fl for Component III Sub-component B - Micro-credit will be an existing micro-credit organization with experience with other similar World Bank financed projects. The Fl for Component IlI Sub-component A - Technology Development, will be the State Competitive Grants Committee. It is not possible to review the environmental aspects of the sub-loans, credits and grants at present. For the loans and credits, the project operations manual includes an appendix on "General Guidelines for Identification and Analysis of Environmental Impacts of Project Loan Activities" which includes the mechanisms and responsibilities for environmental screening and review of proposals. For the grants, the guidelines related to environmental screening, review and monitoring are provided in an apendix to the project operations manual, "Competitive Grants Program for Technology and Market Development." The Fls would be trained to evaluate loan applications based on Bank's Environmental Guidelines for Financial Intermediary Loans.

Investments under Component III Sub-Component C - Irrigation Rehabilitation, have been identified, and are the subject of this environmental assessment. The project would finance the rehabilitation of deteriorated irrigation and drainage systems in the project areas. No new structure of significant size would be built under the project. There is also no new land acquisition and no resettlement of people because of the rehabilitation activities.

The environmental assessment which follows is that of the Irrigation Rehabilitation Component of the SSCAD Project.

1.3 Need for the Project

Agricultural land in southem Bosnia and Herzegovina is deteriorating as a result of poor planning and management of the same. The most required resource is water in this region. The irrigation canals have faced a significant amount of destruction during the 1 0-year period of stagnation brought about by the war-time activities and post-conflict recovery. There is a critical need to rehabilitate the

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 3 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeaovina

existing irrigation network in south-eastem Herzegovina in order to provide water for development of agriculture in the area, and to catalyze development of BiH as a whole.

1.4 Objectives of the Environmental Assessment

The objectives of this Environmental Assessment are to:

a) Analyze the policy, legal and administrative framework relevant to rehabilitation and operation of irrigation and drainage infrastructure, b) Analyze available baseline data on the environmental issues and their trends, c) Identify possible negative and positive impacts of the project and propose mitigating measures if required, d) Provide key criteria for environmental quality monitoring in the project implementation areas, develop guidelines for environmentally sound construction practices and, e) Assist in the inter-agency coordination and the public/NGO consultation process

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2. Small Scale Community Agricultural Development Project (SSCADP)

2.1 Description of Irrigation Component

The Project area encompasses southeastern Herzegovina. This area is characterized by karst geography, and uneven distribution of water throughout seasons. The most typical agricultural production in the project region is that of early_vegetables, either in the open or in plastic housing (don't understand what this means). A functioning irrigation system would significantly increase the interest of producers and open up new areas for agricultural production.. The SSCADP would assist development of the Project area and as a direct result, development of the entire country. The project is the responsibility of the government of BiH, through the PIU of the Federal Ministry and RS Ministry for Agriculture, Waterworks and Forestry.

2.2 Project Objective

The objectives of the irrigation rehabilitation sub-component of the Small Scale Community Agricultural Development Project (SSCADP) are the following:

- Rehabilitation of existing irrigation, drainage and flood protection works in Ljubuski and Trebinje Poije, - Technical support in the rehabilitation of water storage tanks in Dubrava Plateau and other suitable sites and the establishment of water users associations for their operation, - Strengthening of Water User Associations (WUAs) and federations of WUAs (FWUAs), and development of a WUA support unit within the PfU to assist with management transfer, - Technical support within PIU to small-scale commercial farmers and micro finance organizations for identification and selection of viable small scale irrigation alternatives - Technical support to the local water management companies in evaluating appropriate construction technologies and contractual procedures and transferring roles and responsibilities to the private sector

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. S Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

3. Project Area Description

This SSCAD Project involves the southeastern portion of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It spans the karst area from Ljubuski to Trebinje and Dubrava Plateau, as can be seen on the general BiH map in paragraph 3.1.1.and detailed map in paragraph 3.1.2. The area of Ljubuski is within the catchment of the Trebizat river (also known as TMT- Tihaljina- Mlada - Trebizat river), and the area of Trebinje is within the catchment of the Trebisnica river. Both of these rivers are tributaries of the Neretva river, while Trebisnica is not directly connected with Neretva on the surface but has significant contribution to Neretva through groundwater streams. Neretva flows from central Bosnia, through Herzegovina and Croatia into the Adriatic Sea along some 230 km. River Neretva has a specific runoff of 43.21 I/s/km2 , while Trebisnica has a specific runoff of 61 lIs/km2 . The common Neretva and Trebisnica catchment covers an area of 9800 km2, which makes up 19,2% of the entire territory of BiH.

The geological characteristics of the Project area are mostly Dinaric karst with Adriatic / sub- Mediterranean climate. Such a climate is characterized by warm summers and mild winters. This karst area is made up of permeable carbonate rocks where the prevailing formations are karstified limestones of Mesoic and Venasoic age. The groundwater flows through the fractures in the contact points of individual rock blocks and along faulty zones, while flow barriers are present in dolomite and flysch formations. The Ricica reservoir (Croatia) is located within the Pliocene flysch deposits and Upper Creations limestones.

The Ljubuski field being composed of quateinary sediment, is underlined by Eocene limestones. The water impounding is possible from the Tihaljina source to the Ljubuski fields (Kordi6i and Klobuk reservoirs are planned in this area). The East Herzegovina region including the Dubrovnik coastal belt consists of Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous limestones and dolomites intensively karstified with numerous sinkholes. A smaller portion of the upper cretaceous formation is represented by the impermeable flysch deposits (marl, clay and sandstone). The Quarternary sediments cover the karst fields. The Trebinje field belongs to the extensive depression of Popovo Polje. The bottom layers are relatively low-permeability quaternary sediments. Meanwhile, considerable water losses arise through the sinkholes and estavelles along the field periphery. The area includes morphologically closed off karst fields, the highest of which is the Gatacko polje (950 meters above sea level) and the lowest being Popovo polje (250 meters above sea level). The karst fields on the west part of Neretva river catchnment are Mostarsko Blato (225 m.a.s.l. and Ljubusko polje (75 m.a.s.l.). The area is also exposed to extremely unevenly distributed precipitation. The autumn-winter period is characterized by high levels of precipitation while the vegetal period experiences extreme lack of precipitation.

The average annual temperature is 14,50 C, with the average annual humidity being 55%-75%. Wind currents blow approximately 300 days in a year, while weaker winds up to 12 m/s blow some 160 days in the year, and very strong north-eastern winds exceeding 20 m/s blow approximately 20 days in a year.

The seismology of this area is rather active. The seismic source of Biokovo (Makarska, Croatia), Mostar, Livno and Dubrovnik with epicenters in the region of Ston (Croatia), Grude (BiH), Sinj (Croatia) and Hvar (Croatia) has a significant effect on the area of the Project. The most significant faults of the seismic-tectonic structure are in the direction of southeast-northwest while the border of

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the structural until Dinaric-Adriatic stretches along the Adriatic coast from Ulcinj - Skadar zone to the northwest.

The population of the Project area has been significantly changed since the war (1992-1995). A number of population was dislocated, either within the borders of BiH or outside. The lack of development in the agricultural sphere contributed to the decrease of the population's interest in agriculture and a shift in the rural population towards urban areas.

The project area includes a number of quality public roads, the railroad Sarajevo-Mostar-Ploce (Croatia) and the Mostar airport. It has an electrical supply network of 400, 220, 110, 35 and 10 kV. The areas of Trebinje, Ljubuski and Stolac have water supply and wastewater networks sufficient for the needs of the population. Ljubuski and Trebinje both have their own wastewater treatment plants, which are very rare even in bigger cities in BiH.

Ljubuski & Ljubusko Polie

The area of Ljubusko Polje is located in the West Herzegovina Canton, alongside the river Tihaljina- Mlade-Trebizat (TMT) from the settlement of Studenci towards Ljubuski-Vitmna until Klobuk and on the western side until Grab and Vrgorac (Croatia).

Ljubuski municipality encompasses 282,7 km2 with a total number of 27.603 inhabitants (1991). The total area of the municipality is divided up into agncultural land (43%), forests (52%) and barren land (5%). The agricultural land, which makes up 43% of the total land is made up of fertile land (21%) and pastures and meadows (22%). The agricultural land covers some 121.5 km2 , and is made up of 10 separate fields with their own irrigation canals:

Table 1: List offlelds and canals in Ljubuskie No. Area Field No of Concr./m Stone Earth/m Total/m Rehab. canals paved/m Cost KM/i I A Klobucko- 8 8,8454 7,750 15,616 32,211 5.63 Sipovacko- Veljacko polje 2 B Vitinsko-Otocko 5 1,936 0 13,694 15,630 4.01 polje 3 C Hercegovacki rastok 9 5,291 0 31,369 36,660 11.40 4 D Hardomiljsko - 1 11,000 0 0 11,000 4.09 Zvincko polje 5 E Vasarovacko- 3 1,965 0 18,885 20,850 4 54 Lisicko polje 6 F Grabovacko - 6 890 0 13,810 14,700 4.11 Berisko polje 7 G Ljubusko - Radisko 4 2,320 0 19,530 21,850 6.06 ______polje 8 H Hrasljansko polje 1 0 0 4,650 4,650 4.41

' Source: Study Detailed Assessment of the Irrigation and Drainage System in Ljubuski Poije

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9 I Studenacko polje 1 1,722 0 6,888 8,610 3.73 10 J Stubicko polie I 0 0 3,240 3,240 9.90 TOTAL 39 22,969 7,750 138,682 169,401 6.37 Percent 13,5% 4,6% 81,9% 100%

Of the 39 canals listed above, 44% of them serve only for irrigation, 36% have a combined purpose for irrigation and drainage while 20% are devoted for drainage and flood protection.

Along TMT and Vriostica river 27.3 km of embankments are constructed for flood protection. The planned rehabilitation works have envisaged remedial measures in heightening of their crest where settlement occurred and repair of damaged slopes. The proposed deepening of the riverbed by elimination of natural travertine sill should not be performed without previous consultations with experts.

The irrigation canals listed above receive their water mainly from the watercourse of the TMT river and river Vriostica for approximately 2800 hectares (ha) of land. The required amount of water per hectare is 1.21 I/s, which makes up the total quantity of water of 3388 I/s. The maximum water usage during the summer months reaches up to 6000 I/s which is impossible to satisfy. Hence, it is evident that improved water management and rehabilitation of the existing irrigation canals will make a significant contribution to, and is essential for, sustainable development of the project region. Furthermore, as most of the canals are over 50 years old, the advancements in the field of irrigation which will be introduced and supported by the project, will contribute to improved water management

The area of the river Trebizat catchment encompasses 1100 km2 . The areas of the basin with the highest elevation are located in the karst field of Tribistovo where a water accumulation Tribistovo has been formed. Tribistovo is located at an elevation of 900-950 meters above sea level. From Tribistovo water flows through the river Ricina into the Posusje-Virsko polje and farther towards Ricice storage reservoirs. It continues through river Ricina towards the Imotski-Bekija Polje. In the southem portion of the field a hydrological tunnel has been made for the purposes of flood prevention and drainage into the Tihaljina springs area. Furthermore, alongside the existing tunnel, a hydrological tunnel for the hydropower plant Pec-Mlini is under construction. River Tihaljina flows to Klobuk and further into the Ljubuski Polje where the river changes its name into Mlade and farther into Trebizat. River Trebizat discharges into the river Neretva downsteam of Ciaplina.

The operation of HE Pec Mlini potentially could cause sudden changes of flow rates in the TMT watercourse affecting the operation of irrigation system concemed. Thus the project will finance a flow recording station stalled upstream of the intake facility for the system The automatized station shall be linked to the control room of HE Pe6 Mlini, as well as to the firm that serves as technical aid to WUA.

Trebinje & Trebinjsko Polje

Trebinje is located in the eastem part of Herzegovina, in Republika Srpska. Trebinje region is also karst area with a sub-Mediterranean climate. The municipality of Trebinje encompasses an area of 823 km2 and has approximately 37.000 inhabitants. An important issue is the number of population that has been displaced during the war, causing a visible shift in the population number and structure after the war.

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 8 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

Trebinje polje is irrigated from the Trebisnjica river that flows through this region in an trained trapezoidal riverbed. River Trebisnjica has no direct surface contact with river Neretva but it is drained through ground currents that flow towards Neretva and Adriatic sea. Hence, Trebisnjica can be considered as a tributary of Neretva river. Trebisnjica was one of the biggest sinking rivers in its natural condition, that is prior to the implementation of the shotcrete lined riverbed 64 km long which has decreased infiltration and has made river Trebisnica flow through Popovo field all the year. Prior to this engineered solution, THE river Trebisnica lost some 130 m3/s of water to ground sinks. Area 3 of the Trebisnjica basin is approximately 1600 km2 with recorded maximum flow of 96,1 m /s and minimal at 2,50 m3 /s. River Trebisnica has four power plants: HE Trebinje I, HE Trebinje II, HE Dubrovnik and PHE Capljina being constructed within the first stage of the Trebisnjica multipurpose hydro project.

The irrigation water is supplied from Trebisnjica river through classical irrigation concrete canals and Persian wheels located in the river. Persian wheels utilize water flow and gravity to lift up water into metal irrigation canals that allow water flow into the concrete canals in the field. The area of Trebinje field is approximately 1300 ha, while some 850 ha are cultivated and approximately 650 ha are irrigated through the existing irrigation system. The irrigation system in the Trebinje field analyzed in this report is made up of five irrigation components, as defined in the study " Detailed Assessment of the Irrigation and Drainage System in Trebinje Polje" as follows:

Table 2: Trebinjsko field irrigation system 2 Sub Sub-system Length of canals to Irrigation Type of water Rehabilitation system be rehabilitated (m) area (ha) abstraction cost (KM/m) A Zasad-Mostaci 4536 105,5 3ww* 3,72 B Bellow Mostaci 1647 13,5 2 ww * 5,28 C Trebisnjica left 2465 25,7 6ww * 5,02 bank D Pridvoracki 250 8,3 2ww* 8,63 branch E South part of 9225 391,0 PS** 22,34 area Pump Stations 18123 544,0 13ww + PS 13,55 Notes * water wheels (WW), **Purmp Station (PS), ***Rehabilitation of WW or PS included

In addition cost estimate within this study included cost of flow measuring equipment amounting to 52 550 KM (in this case average cost per meter of rehabilitated canal will be about 16,50 KM/m)

The irrigation water is abstracted from Trebisnjica river by:

a) water wheels located in the river and lifting up water into metal canals that allow gravity flow into the concrete canals in the field. This system is applied for irrigation of zones near the Trebisnjica watercourse, and

2 Source: Study Detailed Assessment of the Irrigation and Drainage System in Trebinjsko Polje

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

b) pumping station located by the Pridvoricki branch (a branch of the main river course). This subsystem covers about 80% of irrigation area on south and west part of Trebinjsko field.

The existing system for drainage and flood protection of the Trebinjsko field consists of two main drainage canals 8,38 km long running along northern and western periphery of the field. Canals are partially backfilled with deposits of soil and wastes. The siphon bellow power pipeline across Mokro field is also backfilled . To enable drainage of the south part of Mokro field it must be cleaned.

The major issue in Trebinje agricultural development is the number of extremely small, privately owned land areas used for agriculture. However, a former state-owned and currently privatized company AGROKOP owns some 370 ha or 57%) of the agricultural land made in large parcels of area. Currently none of the AGROKOP area is being irrigated.

Construction of hydroengineering tunnel Fatnica - Bileca (about 17 km air line (?) upstream of Trbinje) can not have any negative environmental impact on the proposed project downstream of Trebinje. Flood water diverted from Dubravsko and Fatnicko fields towards Bileca reservoir will have positive effect in terms of increasing flow through Trebinje and downstream through Popovo field.

DubravaPlateau

Dubrava plateau is located northwest from Stolac and southeast of Mostar. It stretches above Neretva on the northwest side and Stolac depression on the southeast. The plateau area is 5150 ha with no significant water catchment and hence, no surface water courses. The population receives its water, either for domestic use or for irrigation, by tapping smaller springs or creating small storage tanks to collect rainfall. The Dubrava plateau has extraordinary agricultural potential if the required irrigation water quantities are met.

On the contrary to closed karst fields, being characteristic by seasonal flooding and by long lasting dry , the Dubrava area is an open plateau with ground composed of flysch (?) complex sediments having rather low permeability, but without flooding of larger surfaces.

This layer produces numerous springs of low yields mainly concentrated in three extended zones. This is the reason that besides comparatively low precipitation, compared with other areas of Herzegovina, there is a rather developed agriculture sector (tobacco, grape etc..) within limited zones of plateau. The earlier plans have envisaged water diversion (18.74 million m3 annually) fromn the storage reservoir on Nevesinjsko field for the purpose of Dubrava (5150 hectars) irrigation. The implementation of such a project is foreseen within the second stage of Trebisnjica hydro project (HE Dabar). Additional water demands for irrigation of Dubrava in August amounts 5.05 million m3 (about 1,90m3/s). Consequently the Dubrava plateau has extraordinary agricultural potential if the required irrigation water quantities are met.

Currently the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is implementing pilot projects to create water collection ponds in the Dubrava Plateau. These projects involve two ponds of 3 3 4500 m and 1500 in . These ponds are lined with high-density Polyethylene (PEHD) foils, will include a rain-water collection network and are fenced off to prevent unauthorized access. Below is a list of small rivers, springs, water sources and water accumulations "catmja"s and "lokva"s (source Map of river Neretva catchment - Eneroinvest M 1: 100.000)

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 10 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeaovina

Village water source Ophici6i above canyon of river Bregava Domanovici spring Domanovi6i Grovnica,Humac source Bijeli Grivac Bivolje Brdo catrnja Kevcici Podglavica catrnja Kaja Rbegusa Poprati source Komornik, source Vidostak Obradovic catnja Grabovo Mala source Vidoljut, Ubo, Bar Rivine source Klincica, Jamica, Klokun Pileta, Greda catrnja Borusa Ljuca catrnja Blaca Cardaci source Ljubljine, Svilica, Dobrovic Ljubljanica spring Cetkova vala, lokva Velika Brstenik source Spirja Scepan krst

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

3.1 Map of BiH with a focus on the proiect area 3.1.1 BiH with position of project areas

Project Locations Map 1

Project Location PEntity Region Adriatic Sea Border Major cities /\/major road tasphalt) /\/ Major road (macadam) ontenegro \/Regional roads . 4 Railroads a ers if_ Major nvyers Lakes

3.1.2 South East Herzegovina with position of proiect areas

At Prany't Sntn.

mm I.)-POdARO.4SQ"s...... Project Locations Detailes Map 2 B aS FlO.Oil0 _

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 12 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

3.1.3 Avera2e precipitation

< s)t s t a 9 % * t ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SRBIJA

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,s Prosjecne Godisnje Temperature Zraka _Pleko 16' & 5s Oil S e Co..an

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 13 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeaovina

3.1.5 Average temperatures in July

| ~~~~~~ | ~~~~~~~~SRBIJA> 2 1-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 *HRVATSKA

JADRANSKO MORE 26

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27 Prosjecne Julske Temperature Zraka B O SwCora

Bosna-SServices Co. Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 141 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeaovina

3.1.6 Details of project in Trebinie area

.r~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ;~~~~ N~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r --- .-

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5,WVater Wheel IgtonCanal Cnlj W Flood Drainagr C l'- TREBINJE SSCADP IRRIGATI N DETAILS

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 15 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeaovina

4. Review of National Policies and International Water-Sharing Agreements

Existing Institutional and Legal Framework Regulating Water

4.1 Introduction

With the Dayton Peace Accord (Annex 4 - Constitution of BiH), BiH administratively became a highly decentralized state, organized into two entities: Federation BiH and Republika Srpska, both having a high degree of autonomy. FBiH is decentralized, and is made up of ten cantons with the high degree of decision freedom in establishment of authoritative functions and their execution, while the Republika Srpska is a centralized entity.

4.2 Institutional framework

The existing institutional structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina is such that there is no institution that would handle the environmental issues on the state level. This situation comes out from the Dayton Peace Accord, by which the environmental issues are in the jurisdiction of each of two entities. Therefore, institutions dealing with environmental issues are at the entity level, and in the Federation of BiH at the cantonal level too. (update this with the newly proposed state office for environment - get info from Fethi from the NEAP). The following provides information on institutions with environmental responsibilities in BiH

4.3 Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Institutions at the Federation Level

* Federal Ministry of Physical Planning and Environment - Waste management planning, legislation and policy * Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry - Wastewater discharge controls, monitoring and management * Ministry for Health - Clinical waste management * Ministry for Energy, Mining and Industry - Industrial waste management * Ministry of Transportation and Communication - Control over transportation of hazardous wastes

Institutions at the Cantonal Level

* Ministries for Construction, Physical Planning and Environment -Waste management planning, legislation and policy * Ministries of Agriculture, Water Management, and Forestry - Wastewater discharge controls, monitoring and management * Ministries for Health - Clinical waste management * Ministries for Reconstruction, Development and Environment - Industrial waste management

Institutions at the Municipal Level

* Communal Services Department - Local waste management planning, legislation and policy * Municipal Enterprise - Collection and disposal of all urban wastes

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 1 6 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeaovina

4.4 Republika Srpska

Institutions at the Republic Level

* Ministry for Urbanism, Residential-Communal Activities, Civil Works, and Ecology - Waste management planning, legislation and policy * Ministry of Agriculture and Water Management - Wastewater discharge controls, monitoring and management * Ministry for Health and Social Welfare - Clinical waste management * Ministry for Industry and Technology - Industrial waste management * Ministry for Energy and Mining - Mining wastes and power plant residues * Ministry of Transportation and Communication - Controls over transportation of hazardous wastes

Institutions at the Municipal Level

* Communal Services Department - Local waste management planning, legislation and policy * Municipal Enterprise - Collection and disposal of all urban wastes

4.5 Inter-entity bodies

Environmental Steering Committee of BiH

The Environmental Steering Committee (ESC) is inter-entity body that coordinates the work related to environmental issues between the two entities. ESC was founded on 14th July 1998, when two ministers of the environment from Republika Srpska and from the Federation BiH, on behalf of their govemments, signed the Memorandum of Understanding. This Memorandum is one of the far- reaching agreements signed until present between the two entities. This Memorandum represents the official intention of both sides to cooperate on all levels and issues related to the environment, and is the basis for the activities undertaken by the Steering Committee. In accordance with the Memorandum on Understanding accepted by both entities, the Steering Committee is responsible for the following tasks:

* Intemational contracts and programs related to the environmental problematic; * Cooperation with Republic of Croatia and Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the field of environment; * Harmonization of existing and future environmental legislative, regulations, environmental action programs, monitoring, standards and information systems; * Harmonization of plans for urgent situations; * Coordination of all environmental activities that will help BiH to join European Union as a member country.

The ESC has worked closely with the World Bank since 1998 on implementation of an IDF Grant for Environment Capacity Building; preparation of the National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP); and preparation of, and implementation of, the Bank financed BiH Environmental Infrastrcture Project.

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 1 7 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

Commission for coordination of questions from the field of water management

A Commnission for coordination of questions from the field of water management is responsible for the cooperation between the responsible ministries of both Bosnia and Herzegovina entities related to the water issues, having the goal of removing the eventual collision in water management. The Commission deals with the following issues:

* Intemational contracts regarding water management; * Intemational waterways; * International water management projects; * Cooperation with Republic of Croatia and Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on the water related issues; * Harmonization of present and future regulations in water management; * Harmonization and monitoring of water quality standards; * Harmonization of solid waste disposal program - protection of water resources; * Harmonization and control of laboratories' work for monitoring of water quality and water stream categorization; * Construction and reconstruction of water management facilities on the, and in the near proximity of the entity line; * Facilities divided by the entity line; * Harmonization of plan documents from the field of water management for the facilities divided by the entity line; * Gathering and exchange of data (inter-entity and international); * Harmonization of plans for flood protection and other extreme situations.

The legal framework relevant to the SSCAD Project is:

4.6 Legal framework at the state level

Constitution of Bosnia & Herzegovina

Article III of the Constitution defines the responsibilities of and the relations between the institutions of BiH and its two constituent Entities: the Federation of BiH (FBiH) and Republika Srpska (RS).

The environment is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution, neither in the competencies of the State of BiH, nor in those of the Entities. However, according to Article III.3c, "functions and powers not expressly assigned.. .to the institutions of BiH shall be those of Entities". Thus, the environment belongs to the Entities. It means that Entities regulate environmental issues trough its laws, regulations and standards.

4.7 Legal framework in Federation BiH 4.7.1 Legal framework at federal level

Constitution of the Federation of BiH

The Constitution was voted on by the Constituent Assembly of the FBiH on March 30 1994, and since then has been amended three times: on July 23, 1994 (amendment I), on Jtne 5, 1996 (amendments II to XXIV), and on May 8, 1997 (amendments XXV and XXVI).

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 18 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

The Constitution establishes the sharing of competencies between the Federation and the constituent cantons as follows:

* exclusive competencies of the Federation are the general economic, energetic, fiscal and land use policies (Art 111. 1, b, f and 1); * joint competencies of the Federation and the cantons are, e.g., health, environmental policies, tourism, and use of natural resources (Art 111.2): in these fields, the powers of the Federation and the cantons can be executed "jointly or separately, or by the Cantons as coordinated by the Federation Govemment" (Art III.3.1); and * cantons have all responsibilities not expressly granted to the Federation (Art III.4.1); matters likely to concern the water sector are public services, local land use, local energy production facilities, and cantonal tourism.

Each canton may confer some of its responsibilities, such as, for example tourism and local business, to the municipalities in its territory (Art V.2)

Water Law (Official Gazette of the F BiH, No. 18/98)

The Federation Water Law (WL) comprises 244 articles. Article 1/1 defines the content of this Law. This Law regulates conditions, instruments and method of water management, water works facilities and public water resources. The aim is rationality usage of water and water quality protection at whole.

This Law regulates that "hazardous and harmful matters are forbidden to be introduced or discharged into water, any public water facility, construction site, agricultural or forestall land or atmosphere or to be deposited in the area where there is a possibility of water pollution, except according to the conditions regulated by this law or in accordance with the regulations enacted and based on this and the other laws.

Legal entities and inhabitants who, performing their activities, discharge hazardous or harmful matters that might pollute water are obliged to treat water partially or completely in accordancc with the waterworks permissions prior to discharging it into recipients or sewerage system" (Article 122).

Draft Water Protection Law

Article 25 defines that "the construction of installations or devices intended for production involving hazardous substances, construction of installations or devices for the handling of hazardous substances or storage of hazardous substances, and construction of installations or devices for waste disposal shall be prohibited on water land".

Law on Collecting, Producing and Trafficking Raw and Waste Materials (Official Gazette of the F BiH, No. 35/98)

This law defines responsibilities, authority and obligations of organizations and individuals in concern of collecting, producing and trafficking usable waste materials and raw materials. It prohibits destroying the materials that could be reused. It gives condition for registration for performing

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 19 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

collecting, treatment and/or trafficking of raw materials. Federal, Cantonal and Municipal departments and governing bodies in authority will ensure the reinforcement according to this law.

The Law on Utility Activities (Official Gazette of SR BiH No. 20/90)

This law regulates "utility activities of special social interest" (Article 1), such as:

* water production and distribution by water network, up to the user's measuring instrument including the instrument (Article 2/1/1); * purification and evacuation of waste water (Article 2/1/2); * cleaning of public transport infrastructures (Article 2/1/9); and * storm water drainage (Article 2/1/12).

The municipal activities can be perfonmed by a public municipal company, some other company, the local community or an individual worker (Article 3/2).

The user of municipal services has to pay a fixed price for the service (Article 10/1). If he neglects paying for the service for two consecutive months, the service can be terninated if this does not threaten other users (Article 11/2). Disputes between users and the service provider are to be resolved in court (Article 10).

The Municipal Assembly defines the method of service pricing, but the service provider defines the price of the service (Article 12/3).

The Law on Physical Planning (Official Gazette of SR BiH, No. 13/74, 9/87)

Section III of this law covers environmental protection. Article 70 defines that a municipality is responsible for collection and disposal of waste materials. Disposal of waste is to be perfonned on an engineered landfill site. Location of the engineered, sanitary landfill site is to be determined within the urban plan.

4.8 Legal framework at cantonal level

Constitutions of Cantons

In all cantonal constitutions, joint responsibilities of the Federation and the cantons include local land use, health, tourism and environmental protection.

Cantonal Laws

Law on Environmental Protection

This law has been adopted by the following cantons: 1. Posavina Canton 2. Tuzla Canton 3. Zenica-Doboj Canton 4. West Herzegovina Canton

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 20 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

Law on Physical Planning

This law has been adopted by the following cantons: 1. Posavina Canton 2. Sarajevo Canton 3. Herzegovina-Bosnia Canton 4. West Herzegovina Canton

Water Law

This law has been adopted by the following cantons: 1. Posavina Canton 2. Tuzla Canton 3. Zenica-Doboj Canton 4. Sarajevo Canton

4.9 Legal framework in Republika Srpska

Constitution of the Republika Srpska

The Assembly of Republika Srpska of BiH voted the Constitution on February 28, 1992. Afterwards the basic text was amended several times, between May and December 1992 (amendments I to XXV) and on November 11, 1994 (amendments XXVI to XLIII). The Constitution contains, as usual, provisions related to fundamental political, economic and social rights, stipulations conceming the organization of Entity institutions and the division of competencies between the RS and Municipalities.

Water Law (Official Gazette of RS, No. 10/98)

Enacted by the RS National Assembly on March 20, 1998, the Water Law was published on March 30, 1998, and it entered into force on April 8, 1998. The Law, which could be defined as comprehensive, comprises 136 articles, divided in the ten chapters.

Article 61 paragraph 2 states that " water pollution prevention will be implemented through prohibition, reduction and prevention of disposal of dangerous and harmful substances into water, as well as through issuing of the measures of improvement and preserving of water quality". Thus article 64 lists a range of prohibited activities: * discharge of dangerous and harmful substances into water over the issued amount (over accepted limits); * discharge into water of solid and liquid substances, that can cause water pollution or mud silting, water salting and silt settlement; * discharge of waste water containing dangerous and harmful substances over the issued amount into sewerage reticulation (or that can have negative effect on waste water treatment, or cause damage to waste water treatment plant, or sewerage);

Law on Utility Activities (Official Gazette of RS, No. 1/95)

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 21 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

The Law on Utility Activities, in its 1995 version regulates, utility activities of special social interest, which comprise:

* water collection, treatment and supply to users for drinking and other purposes, through water network, up to water measuring instrument, including also that instrument (Art. 2/1, pt 1); * wastewater collection and treatment; * solid waste disposal and treatment; and * storm-water drainage.

These activities are organized by Municipalities and either carried out by municipalpublic companies, or conferred to other companies (Art. 3). However, the water production and supply, considered by the Law as activity demanding technical and technological unity, can be given exclusively to a public company (Art. 5/1). Municipal service suppliers must ensure permanent service, good functioning of facilities and agreed service quality, healthy and hygienic accuracy (Art. 8).

The control and supervision of the operation and maintenance of municipal services, including all water supply and wastewater treatment facilities, is carried out by municipal inspectors (Art. 25 to 28).

Law on Land Use Planning (Official Gazette of RS, No. 19/96, 25/96, 10/98)

The Law on Land Use Planning, voted in August 1996, mentions also environmental protection. In its first article the Law insists on healthy and protected environment (Art. 1/1). That Law, which has a general character and which treats, above all, physical planning and construction rules, stipulates that land use planning is regulated also by special laws, as for example those concerning the water sector.

The Law quotes, among various land uses (construction, agriculture, forest, protected areas) also water surfaces that have to be defined by special law, or by physical or urban plan (Art. 5/1 and 4; Art. 21/2). Moreover, the Law specifies that the protection of nature...means especially protection of water, air, land, andforests (Art. 28/2).

Law on Agricultural Land (Official Gazette of RS, No. 13/97)

The Law on Agricultural land (1997) determines the responsibilities of the Ministry of Agriculture Forest and Water Management and of municipalities and towns for protection of agriculturalland (Art 5/2). These responsibilities must be assumed in accordance with the main planning documents, named basic documents on land protection and use of agriculturalland (Art. 7/1), which at the local level define, among others, areas to be irrigated (Art. 10).

Among the measures protecting agricultural land, the Law mentions the necessity to define maximal level of harmful and hazardous matters in irrigation water (Art. 12, pt 5). The control of these quantities is carried out by the RS and municipal agricultural inspectors (Art. 50/1/4 and 13).

Article 25 forbids discharge or disposal of dangerous and harmful material to agricultural land and into irrigation canals in such quantity that can have a negative effect on the productivity of agricultural land and irrigation water quality. Based on the international and domestic standards and in agreement with the Ministry of Urbanism, Construction, Housing and Public Services & Utilities, the

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 22 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeaovina

Ministry determines what quantity of dangerous and harmful material is allowed to be contained in land and irrigation water. The Ministry alsos determine the methods to control the quantity acceptable for deposition.

4.10 International Water Sharing Agreements

The governments of Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina have signed, on 11.07.1996. in Dubrovnik, AN AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF REPUBLIC OF CROATIA AND GOVERNMENT OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ON ARRANGEMENT OF WATER MANAGEMENT RELATIONSHIP.

Through this Agreement, the signing parties have agreed that the following agreements and accords are placed in effect between the signing parties from the day of placing this Agreement in effect. These accords and agreements, which relate to the project and are included in this study, are the following:

"Social agreement on joint municipality actions on pollution prevention and water quality enhancement in the river Neretva basin and portion of the Adriatic Sea in the region of the mouth of Neretva". Official Gazette SRBiH No. 39/81.

"Agreement on the manner and conditions of the arrangement and water use in the river Trebizat basin", Official Gazette SRBiH No. 9/82.

"Accord on the manner of construction and establishing the resources for construction of sites, manner of arrangement and utilization of sites as well as the manner of management of sites in the river Trebizat basin", Official Gazette SRH No. 16/82.

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 23 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

5. Baseline Data on the Environment of the Project Area

Beside data given in 4 basic studies (Study A and B for Trebinjsko and Ljubusko fields) this chapter includes additional data that we consider as very important for the project. Since a number of storage reservoirs for the purposes of hydroelectric dams have been placed on the Trebisnica, Neretva and TMT rivers, monitoring activities have been conducted in this region. Most of the monitoring activities have been based upon the quantitative properties of the rivers while the water quality was less frequently and stringently monitored and analyzed. A number of flow-measuring gauges and monitoring stations have been placed on these rivers, producing data on mean flow, minimum and maximum flow in each of the rivers. Furthermore, these analyses are required in order to coordinate water releases from the dams and ensure separate minimal flows through the monitoring stations. This issue is also significant considering this region closely borders with Croatia and the issue of water is important on both sides of the border in the karst region. Due to the karst topography and hydrogeology of the area, groundwater and surface water are complexly interlinked due to the permeability of the ground. Results of reliable quantitative data obtained by surface flow rate monitoring for river Neretva are shown in table 1.

Table 1: Characteristic surface runofffor river Neretva and main tributaries3 Water- Water Catchment Mean Specific Min. Daily Min. Flood course gauge area A Flow Q Runoff Flow dQ9s monthly Water 2 3 2 3 3 profile (km ) (m /s) (us/kin ) (m /s) flow mQ3 Q, %(m /s) (m3/s) Neretva Ulog 222 10,2 45,94 0,190 0,35 203 Neretva Konjic 1288 60,0 46,59 7,83 9,24 1169 Neretva Mostar 4331 202 46,64 23,4 32,8 1830 Neretva Zitomislici 5782 233 40,29 - - 2179 Buna Buna 313 41,2 (132)* 1,74 1,85 406 Bregava Do (vrelo) 378 18,4 48,67 0,76 1,08 66,2 Tihaljina Klobuk - 27,4 - 2,28 3,49 250 Trebizat Humac 907 39,8 43,9 1,20 2,71 303 Klokun Poljana - 6,45 - 2,75 2,93 25,1 *Undefined catchment; great part of Nevesinjsko field catchment not included

Five hydroelectric power plants have been constructed within the river Neretva catchment. The total live volume of storage reservoirs amounts to 781,4 million m3 of water which low for positive influence on the flow regulation and flood control, for the stretch downstream of Mostar up to the mouth of river Neretva into the Adriatic Sea. The climactic characteristics of the area play an important role in the hydrological balance. The higher summer temperatures have an effect on the flow, evaporation and water quality. Given in figure I below is a diagram depicting temperature and flow variations.

3Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data in Trebinje

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 24 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeaovina

16.00- 'ill 14.00 -

a- 12.00

E 10.00 a)_ / 6)8.00

a,CD 6.00-

4.00

2.00

0.00 0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00 700.00 average flow Qavg m3/s Figur e 1: River Neretva average water temp. versus averageflow (monthly)' Figure 2 provides information on the variation of temperature and flow for river Trebizat.

25.00*s.. _

I-) 20.00

15.00- -

10.00- cu

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 average flow Qavg m3/s Figure 2: River Trebizat average temp. versus averageflow (monthly) 5

4 Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data in Ljubuski s Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data in Ljubuski

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 25 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

60.00

4000

20.0030.00 - ......

10.00 average yearly flow M3/s

0.00 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 _Figure 3: River Trebizat at station Humac, average yearly flows in the period 1966-19786

1200-

a X I __i--i-I-

_ _ \'earl), piod. G\'h -5-- A*erage 1995-2001 600- M,. __ - ,Average narural pot. *- -Average 19S(0-200I

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Figure 4: PHE Capljina Overview of annualproduction foryears 1980-20017

River Trebisnica natural flow regime has considerably changed after the construction of the large storage reservoir Bileca with the total volume of 1300 million m3 of impounded water.

6 Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data in Ljubuski 7Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data in Ljubuski

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 26 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

The diversion of water from the Trebinje reservoir through a 16,5 km long headrace tunnel to HE Dubrovnik (installed flow 90 m3/s) and/or releasing controlled flow in Trebisnica riverbed through Trebinje and downstream resulted in reduction of the mean flow at G.S. Gorica from 96,1 m3/s in natural regime to 24,4 m3/s (in the period from 1980 until 1988). Instead of very uneven flow throughout the year, the new regime caused a decrease of excess flows in autumn-winter season while the remaining summer flows are in natural state. This is depicted in figure 5 below.

Gauge Station Gorica 1983 Mean monthly flow m3/s in 1983 Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Constructed 54,9 152,0 85,6 109,0 41,4 17,7 10,5 7,01 13,1 9,76 20,9 122,0 natural flow

'n.'... '

E

Months

Figure 5:VS Gorica 1983 Average flow

Recorded |20,5 |23,9 |25,2 |13,7 |14,1 |3,57 |5,88 |5,85 |5,35 l3,04 |3,25 |5,68| flow m3/s l l l l l l l l l l l ll

Meanwhile, due to the fact that water is released from lower layers of the storage reservoirs, the water temperature has considerably changed in extreme values. Recorded water temperature in the time

period from 1995-1967 in Trebinje ranged from 1,2 0 C to maximum 27 0 C while from 1968-1977 (new regime) the extreme temperature values had shifted to minimum 7 °C and maximum 17 0 C. These changes influenced partial alterations in flora and fauna downstream of Trebinje and in Trebinje area itself.

Trebisnica flow monitoring downstream of Trebinje was perfonned before the war at a number of gauging stations, Drezin Do, Dobromani, Poljice, Ravno, Orasje and Velja Meda.

Presented below is the available data on the minimum and maximum flows recorded at the gaging stations Gorica and Ravno for the period of 1980-1985.

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 27 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

Table 4: Minimum and Maximum flows for Trebisnica Year G.S. Gorica G.S. Ravno Q min (m3 /s) Q max (m3/s) Q min (m3 /s) Q max (m3 /s) 1980 2,60 122,0 0 286,0 1981 2,90 91,2 0 92,8 1982 2,90 54,7 0,3 118,0 1983 2,80 44,2 1,6 114,0 1984 2,24 48,0 2,7 90,0 1985 2,88 237,0 1,8 322,0

It can be seen that in the given period the minimum released flows from the Gorica dam were between 2,24 m3/s and 2,88 m3/s, which was often more than a month in continuity (summer months). The minimum flows at Ravno were from 0-2,70 m3/s. Meanwhile, high flows, as a rule, were higher at the downstream station Ravno due to the large inflow from periodical springs and estavelles. As a rule, high flows occur in the period of October-January.

Precipitation, surface water runoff, irrigation requirements and water generation at the source are some of the additional analyses that have been made. Considering that precipitation is extensive during some periods of the year and very scarce during the vegetative periods, it has been carefully monitored in the agricultural fields in the area. The average, maximum and minimum values of precipitation in four karst fields and Dubrava Plateau are recorded in Table 5 below. The uneven distribution of available water quantities have been noted in Table 6. Table 5: Precipitation regime in Herzegovina fields8 Precipitation (mm) Field Annual quantity of precipitation Vegetal period Average Min. Max. Average Min. Max. Gatacko 1703 920 2625 460 183 752 Nevesinjsko 1789 988 2628 501 200 867 Dabarsko 1467 354 2240 380 81 768 Fatnicko 1657 652 2021 434 204 717 Dubrave 1189 925 1505 323 186 545

The available water quantity is primarily based on the amount of precipitation in the area. Since the precipitation regime is uneven in this area, so is the quantity of water that is available. The percentage distribution of precipitation in the Project area within the year is given in Table 6 below:

Table 6: Percentage distribution ofprecipitation9 I II III IV V VI VII |VIII IX |X |X | X1 10.4 1 10.0 1 8.3 18.4 I 5.8 4 . 3.1 4.5 6.7 10.2 13.7 14.11

One can see that the autumn-winter period accounts for 65,1% of the annual precipitation in the area while the springtime accounts for 22,2% and summer 13,7%. Apart from having a significantly lower precipitation regime during the summer months (vegetative period), the average temperatures are

8 Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data - Trebinje 9 Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data in Trebi2at and Neretva Basin

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 28 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeaovina

rather high in this region. The average annual temperature and temperature during the month of July are given below in Table 7:

Table 7: Climactic average information'° Location Average annual temperatures Average temperatures during the (C) month ofJuly (°C) Mostar 14.8 25.8 Ljubuski 14.5 -28 Trebinje 14.1 23.7

Evaporation from the ground surface in the project area is relatively low, due to the high infiltration into the soil. Meanwhile, evaporation from the free water surface in circumstances of local temperatures, wind and air humidity is much higher. Although the amount of evaporation depends on the local climate it is estimated to be approximately 1240 mm annually. Monthly evaporation is expressed in table 8 below.

Table 8: Evaporation from water surface Month I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Annual Mm 42 59 95 115 153 156 186 175 112 70 '45 32 1240 evap. % 3,4 4,8 7,7 9,3 12,3 12,6 15,0 14,1 9,0 5,6 3,6 2,6 100

The water quality has been monitored in this area. The major parameter for which the water was tested was the bacteriological analysis. It is important to point out that the water has a much higher content (of what) during the summer, when the river flow is significantly less and when the water temperature is higher than it is during the colder periods. This data is provided in Table 9.

Table 9: Bacteriologicalanalysis of TMT and Neretva rivers" Total no. of NVB Coli NVB E.coli/ Flow m3/s Water temp. bacteria / /lOOml lOOml °C withl corr. Iml flow (1999) River TMT - station Struge 30.6.2000 180 000 24 000 24 000 4,90 19.2/ 10.9 14.9.2000 2 000 30 000 4 000 2,49 17.8/2.8 15.2.2001 150 4 000 1000 32,1 (2000) 9/91.7 27.6.2001 9 000 140 000 34000 4,90 (2000) 17.8 / 11.2 17.9.2001 3 000 10 600 2 500 2,49 (2000) 17.2/2,64 River Neretva - station Zitomislic 21.6.2000 9400 9000 340 59,2 13/113 6.9.2000 9 000 34000 2 800 62,7 14.4/99 15.2.2001 110 2100 200 256(2000) 6.8/279 27.6.2001 3 400 48 000 1 800 60.4 (2000) 12.8/90.1 17.9.2001 4 500 20 000 8 000 60.4 (2000) 14.6/71.2

10Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data in Trebizat and Neretva Basin " Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data in Trebinje

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 29 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

Analysis of water quality discharged from the Trebinje II power plant and Trebinje wastewater treatment plant has also been conducted and records are available in Tables 11, 12 and 13. The analysis is conducted on a daily basis within the laboratory of the treatment plant, while semi-annual, more detailed analyses are conducted in the Institute for Health in Podgorica, Montenegro.

Table 10: Water quality analysis of river Trebi.Unica at HPPTrebinje II profile 12 Measurement period Profile flow Quality accordingto measurements and analyses made (m3/s) May 2000 4,30 According to all controlled parameters except BOD5 , July - August 2000 4,40 water quality was established to be I class (metals Sept. - Oct. 2000 4,40 analyzed: iron, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel and cadmium). According to BOD5 measurements in the first two series of measurements the water quality was II class and in the third series to I class. July 2001 4,66 Depending on the individual parameters the water quality August 2001 4,30 was determined to be borderline between I and II class. November 2001 4,30 The only exception was the phosphorus content which corresponds to water quality of III class.

Table 11: Daily measurements of WWTP Trebinje disharge'3 Measurement Average parametervalues period pH Temp. BOD 5 Suspended solids COD Electrical °C (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) conductivity (tS/cm) August 2000 7,2 16,0 5,60 10,10 23,5 - August 2001 7,6 19,5 4,00 6,20 20,3 - April 2002 6,5 14,3 4,10 2,05 17,3 730

Table 12: Semi-annual measurements of WWTP Trebinje discharge'4 Parameter Measurements Date 08.10.2000. 08.11.2001. Temp t (C) 16 14,10 pH 7,65 7,60 Nitrites (mg/1) 0,02 0,055 Iron(mg/l) 0,09 0,17 Manganese (mg/l) 0,022 0,015 Oxygen (mg/l) 6,85 11,53 Lead (mg/l) < 0,05 < 0,016 Chromium (mg/l) < 0,02 <0,006 Mercury <0,002 <0,005 Phenols <0,004 <0,015 Electrical conductivity (!5/cm) 626 808

Suspended solids (mg/I) - 16 Mineral oils Not found not found

12 Source: Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data in Trebinje 3 Source: Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data in Trebinje 14 Source: Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data in Trebinje

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 30 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeaovina

Available data shows that water quality downstream of Trebinje and Trebinje wastewater treatment plant does not indicate a worsening trend when compared to the pre-war status.

Give some analysis of the info in this section - it is good but point out the relevance to the project and the project's potential impact.

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 31 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

6. Analysis of Alternatives

The irrigation canals in the Ljubuski, and Trebinje area are in dire need of rehabilitation., and a certain level of improvement. Most of the irrigation canals in this area are very old having been constructed during the period of Austro-Hungarian rule over Bosnia and Herzegovina (until 1914). The irrigation system in Ljubuski is heavily overgrown with thick vegetation, while the irrigation system in Trebinje has deteriorated. With regards to the overall shortage of water during the vegetative season in this area, it is obvious that without a proper irrigation system there is no development of agriculture in this area. Hence, a "do-nothing" alternative would lower the interest in agriculture and furthermore the economic, agricultural and overall development of the area, and consequently the entire Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Education, as foreseen in this report, is also an essential factor to this project. Education and training of agricultural entrepreneurs and workers with respect to environmental protection, impacts of fertilizers and nutrients on the crops and the environment, and water quality and quantity management is essential. (not sure this belongs in the altemative section - but a good point)

Besides rehabilitation of the existing canals, advancements and improvements in the field of irrigation would be introduced by the project. Rehabilitation of the systems to the pre-war outdated level is a possibility. However, the alternative proposed by the project is to include a certain degree of modem technologies of water management and irrigation within the project, or at least set foundations for future development of more water efficient irrigation systems such as the "drop-by-drop" systems that would improve water management practices in the area and reduce overall environmental impacts of the irrigation of agricultural land in southeast Herzegovina. The project will finance activities to support research, introduction, training, and demonstration of new technologies.

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 32 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeaovina

7. Environmental Management Plan

Water is the most valuable resource in Southeastern Herzegovina. Proper water management can allow larger quantities of water to be available for irrigation with minimal consequences and impacts on the environment. When considering the project area characteristics and the scope of the project, it is evident that this Project would improve the overall agricultural and water management practices in the area.

However, rehabilitation of the existing irrigation network would need to include preventive and mitigating activities, in order to eliminate or decrease negative environmental impacts and to improve water management practices in the area The potential negative environmental impacts associated with rehabilitation of irrigation structures and the subsequent expansion and intensification of agriculture, include:

* Negative impacts related to construction activities, e.g improper disposal of materials, noise, air pollution * Negative impacts related to operation, e.g loss of water from infiltration * Waterlogging and salinization of soils * Increased erosion * Pollution of surface and groundwater * Increased nutrient levels * Diversion and loss of water for downstream users

An environmental management plan (EMP) has been prepared to address the mitigation measures for the above potential impacts. The following tables present environmental management plans for each of the project areas intended for irrigation rehabilitation. The potential impact, mitigating measures, costs, and institutional responsibility for executing the plan are provided. Note the mitigation measures include a number of specific activities designed to mitigate negative impacts. Overall the project will mitigate a number of potential negative environmental impacts such as waste disposal in open canals and large quantities of water loss, while also allowing for future addition of modemized irrigation systems in the area.

The project is expected to have positive environmental impacts through (a) cleaning of main canals, drains and removal of deposited debris and other unwanted materials; (b) repair and improvement of flood banks, and canal and drainage channel banks; (c) promotion of improved land use practices and farming methods; (d) modemizing and improvement of agricultural product processing; (e) removal of areas of stagnant and standing water through cleaning of drainage canals and drainage systems; (f) reduction of areas of potential erosion hazard around structures, diversion weirs, outfalls from structures (g) improvement of water management by providing better access to control structures and to gates, improvement of outlets to famis and the fomiation of water users groups and other assistance in water management; and (h) strengthening local capacities in environmentally sustainable approaches to agricultural development through training and capacity building.

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 33 Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

7.1 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Table 13: Ljubuski

LOCA'lTION: LJUBUSKO POLJE- LJIJBUSKI

3.. I'hase Issue Mitigatin,g measure Commlienits Install Operate Install Operate

Improper.disposalof Disposal of excavated soil Cost for material Investor in Investor in xcavated/removed soil and and rock on proper, Municipality should removal is I accordance accordance I Construction rock from the san d designated areas (rock can designate such a covered within lnKM with the with the aesthetickafrom theasnas be used in construction and disposal location. the rehabilitationo n n m Municipal Municipal esthetically unpleasing soil on fanmlands) project authorities authorities. emoved shrubs may cause Proper disposal of cut Investor in Investor in aesthetic degradation if down shrubs and plants 4-5 KM accordance accordance 2 Construction improperlydisposedt in theremoved from the canals 1.200 KM / piece /h with the with the cimproperly disposed in the (chopping into pieces and Municipal Municipal environment______composting) authorities authorities Construction activities Limt construction 3 Construction cause noise pollution, added activities to regular periods N/A N/A Investor Investor disturbanceoftm Constructn .materials Re-route water during 4 Construction mCight be released construction or minimize Cost is included in the Investor Investor 4Construction doghtberelamsnoted wte free material during rehabilitation project cost.InetrIvso downstream into the water cntuto construction Rerouting of water during Limit construction to Kerouting of cause shortest possible time and Cost is included in the Investor Investor floods in surrounding areas properly arrange retention rehabilitation project cost. areas for rerouted water 34 Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzecaovina

LOCATION: LJUBUSKO POLJE- LJUBUSKI

Ik%. Phase Issue Mitig-atingi measure Commilenits Install Operate Install Opel-ate

Disposal of waste materials Currently the canals Removal of waste materials needs to be carried out at are used as waste Removal of Transport causes environmental the nearest authorized disposal or wastes is app. 6 Construction pluiniinpoel ladilMotrU rkormaterials pollution if Improperly landfill (Mostar Uborak or stove rangesfrom to rehabilitationincluded in the app.onIKM/vIton~ Investor Investor disposed other location specified by pstic bags an proect km municipal authorities) plastlc bags and project bottles According to visual Open, ground canals are Placing a concrete channel inspection and frequently overgrown with or concrete piping within testimonies, . vegetation blocking off the the existing ground canals approximately two 9 K / meter of Clearing 7 Operation with prior cleaning out of months are required . . of canal ?? WUA WUA water passage and the canal for a cleared canal concrete canal KM/month incrieasing maintenance Conducting regular to be completely activities maintenance of the canals overgrown with thick vegetation Concrete Large quantities of water .1 . canals are lost to infiltration Placing a concrete channel Soil slrather 9 KM / meter of would lead 8 Operation through pemieable bottom or concrete piping within pene ine tisn concrete canal in a WUA WUA layer of an open ground the existing ground canals ae an.ifilati decrease canal IS signficant of O&M .costs

35 Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeciovina

LOCATI ION: LJUBUliKO POLJE- .UJIIUSKI Cost

Ia.. Phase Issue Mitigating measure Commlienits Install Operate Install Operate

Open canals are frequently Local population WUA in WUA in utilized as waste disposal Placing concrete piping, or frequently disposes accordance accordance sites by population leading a protective cover on top of freqtly dispsto Education: accodane accodthe 9 Operation to possible contamination the existing ground canals the canals ranging N/A 35.000 mncpt municthe of irrigation water and Education of population in size, composition KM/ year government government blocking off the water and material authorities authorities passage Irrigation through open . . 2.500 KM ratna hrogh o,en Control of water quantities gross 10 Operation fcwanals,e leadsrgoleachin 10 Operation of water leads to leaching gaeorvlsreleased through water KM per gate salary for WUA WUA of . gates or valves a guard/ sol'sof nutrients operator ncreased agricultural Education of farmers, activities in the area may education of fan n, Education: caue cntanintio of education of population, 35.000 I l Operation utilzause contamination of Water quality monitoring, KN/ year WUA WUA utilized water and soil by establishment of a response Monitorin Desticides, herbicides and nutrients action crew g: 2.500 KM 12Operation anaroemen canteadt Shut off gates or rerouting Wros 12 Operation management can lead to of water within the system KM gate salary for WUAWUA *ncreased flood risks a guard/

______~~~~~~operator ______

36 Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzecaovina

InlStituitionial LOCATION: LJUBUSKO POLJE- LJUBUSKI Cost responsibility

INie. Phase Issue Mitigating measure Commlaenits lnstall Operate Install Operate

arge quantities of plant Education of farmers, Education: utrients released may lead education of population, 35.000 13 Operation nutro phicased of open Water quality monitoring, KM/ year WUA WUA bodeutropfcateon establishment of a response Monitorin todies of water action crew g Utilization of irrigation Carefully monitor water This can be WUA in WUA in 14 Operation canals can lead to a quantities and ensure most compensated by N/A N/A accordance accordance 14 Operation decrease in the levels of water-efficient techniques accorded dam with other with other surface water of irrigation releases institutions institutions Carefully monitor water quantities and ensure most This can be Utilization of irrigation water-efficient techniques compensated by WUA in WUA in canalsdecreas ca acctechniques/Aaccordance accordance 15 Operation infiltration and deplete the of irrigation releases and ?? KM / gate N/A with other ithther groundwater level Utilize methods for re- utilization of institutions institutions routing water to the area in rerouting gates shortage Non controlled water Placing a buffer zone at 16 Operation releases can lead to discharge point of canal ?? KM / gate ?? KM/ WUA WUA flooding and erosion of Control of water quantities gate farm lands released Material used for filling in Material needs to be Municipality or WUA and WUA, and 17 Decommissioning canals can degrade the obtained from designated nto autermme N/A N/A goverment govemrment environment during aesneed to determineauhrte atoiis ______obtaining aessuch a locationauorte athiis

37 Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

LNo. Phase Issue Mitigatingimeasure Commilenits Install Operate Install Operate

Removed material can Recycling or proper Municipality or Transport Municipality/ Municipality/ .cause pollution and disposal at an authorized Cantonal authorities of waste: I Canton and Canton and 18 Decoffissiomg environmental degradation landfill of all waste need to determine KM/ton*k decommissio decommissio if improperly disposed materials such a location m ning actor ning actor

38 Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

Table 14: Trebinje

LOCATION: TREBINJE POLJE - TREBIN.JE Cost _31

PIlase Issue Mitigating measui-e Commelits Install Operate Install Operate

Proper disposal of cut emoved shrubs and materials down shrubs and plants Investor in Investor in Remay ued asthec ddaten removed from the canals 1.200 KM 45 KM accordance accordance I Construction ay cause aesthetic egaaion Shredding and composting with the with the if improperly disposed in the of cut down shrubs (rock piece /hour Municipal Municipal environment can be used in construction authorities authorities and soil on farmlands) Re-route water during Construction materials might be construction or minimize Cost is included in the 2 Construction released downstream into the free material during rehabilitation project cost. Investor Investor water construction

Limit construction 3 Construction Co pnstruction activities cause activities to regular periods N/A N/A Investor Investor _noise pollution and disturbance of time

Rerotin ofLimit construction to Rerouting of water during shortest possible time and Cost is included in the Investor Investor 4n stru ou ld cas properly arrange retention rehabilitation project cost. In__surrounumg__ areasareas_ for rerouted water

39 Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

Phliase Issue Mitigatinl measule Commllenits Install Operate Install Operate

_ Currently the Removal of Dipslof waste miaterials CuTnl h Removal of waste materials Disposal canals are used as wicuedastes is Transport 5 Construction causes environmental pollution . waste disposal of the app. Investor Investor if improperly disposed the nearest authorzed miscellaneous rehabilitation lKM/ton*km

items______project Open canals are frequently Local population WUA in WUA in utilized as waste disposal sites Placing concrete piping, or frequently accordance accordance operation by population leading to a protective cover on top of disposes waste Euain ihte wt h 6 Operation ypossibleionteamingation o the existing ground canals materials into the N/A 35.000 KM/ with the with the possible contamination of .... municipal / municipal / irrigation water and blocking off Education of population canals ranging in year govenmment govemment the water passage size, composition e waterpassage~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ad mteia authorities authorities Irrigation through open canals, Placing a buffer zone at 2.500 KM by large quantities of water discharge point of canal ?? KM per gross salary 7 Operation leads to leaching of soil's Utilize sprinklers gate for a guard WUA WUA nutrients and changes in water Control of water quantities operator salinity released Increased agricultural activities Education of farmers, Education: in the area may cause education of population, 35.000 M 8 Operation contamination of utilized water Water quality monitoring, year WUA WUA d soil by pesticides, establishment of a response Monitorin herbicides and nutrients action crew g

40 Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeoovina

Phase Issue Mitigating, imeasuLe Conmm11elnts Inistall Operute Install Operate

_ . . ~~~~~~~~~~~Educationof farmers, l Large quantities of plant Education of pation, Education: . Operatio utrients released may lead to education of population, 35.000 KM WU utrophication of open bodies of Water quality monitoring, year water establishment of a response action crew Carefully monitor water This can be WUA in WUA in Utilizatio . irrigation ca s quantities and ensure most compensated by accordance accordance IJ Operation can lead to a decrease in the water-efficient techniques accorded dam N/A N/A with other with other evels of surface water of irrigation releases institutions institutions Carefully monitor water This can be quantities and ensure most SWUAin WUA in Utilization of irrigation canals water-efficient techniques accorded dam N/A NAn Ac in 11 Operation can decrease infiltration and of irrigation Utilize N/A deplete the groundwater level methods for re-routing releases and ?? KM / gate with other with other utilization of institutions institutions water to the area in rerouting gates ______shortage______

Shut off valves or 2.500 KM 12 Operation mi-nproper water management rerouting of water within ?? KM / gate gross salary WUA WUA an lead to creased flood skthe system for a guard/ .______s ______t he__y st em__ o p e ra tor Placing a buffer zone at Non controlled water releases discharge point of canal 13 Operation an lead to flooding and erosion Utilize sprinklers ?? KM / gate ?? KM / gate WUA WUA of farm lands Control of water quantities released

41 Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

Pliase Issue NMitigating measuL-e Commilenits Install Operate Install Operate

Material used for filling in Material needs to be Municipal WUA, and WUA, and 14 Decommissioning canals can degrade the obtained from designated authorities need N/A N/A government government environment during obtaining areas to deterine such authorities authorities a location Removed piping, tubing, mesh Recycling or proper Municipal Municipality Municipality 15 Decommissioning pollution and environmental disposal at an authorized authorities need Transport deDeigrutionad eirommenaly landfill of all waste to determine such waste:*kmdecommissioof and decommissioand egradation if improperly materials a location KM/ton*km ning actor ning actor disposed

Table 15: Dubrava Plateau

ILNO. I'lhase Issue Mitigating measurle Commilenlts Install 0 1 B

Removedshrubs maycause ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Investorin Inetri esthetic degradation if Proper disposal of cut 1.200 KM / 4-5 KM accordance with I Construction improperly disposed in the down shrubs and plants piece hour with the the nvironment removed from the canals Municipal envlronment Municipal authorities ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~authoritiesuhrte

42 Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

Phliase Issue Mitigatin,gimeasure Comimilenits Install Operate

Construction activities cause Limit construction 2 Construction noise pollution, additional air activities to regular periods N/A N/A Investor Investor pollution and disturbance of time Cost for Proper disposal of material Investor in Removal of soil and rock from excavated materials Municipality should removal is accordance accordance with 3 Construction the location can cause aesthetic Utilizing soil on farmlands designate such a covered ton*km with the the Municipal degradation and rock in construction disposal location. within the Municipal thoricipal practices rehabilitation authorties authorities. project Disposal of waste materials needs to be Removal of Waste generated during Ensure that the waste is carried out at the wastes is Transport 4 Construction construction activities causes properly managed and nearest authorized included in app. Investor Investor environmental pollution and cleared from the site at the landfill (Mostar the IKM/ton aesthetic degradation end of activities Uborak or other rehabilitation *km location specified by project municipal authorities) Open access to the pond might Placing a fence around the 5 Construction cause animals or population to collection pond ?? KM / m of Investor Investor nter the pond and would be Placing warnig signs fence unable to come out Place floating pontons

43 Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

3XIe. Phase Issue Miti-ating measure Comimlents Inistall - _

Placing a protective mesh Educatio O umpingt of waste or other cover or fence over the ?9 KM Im o n: 35.000 6 Operation materials can cause pollution of collection pond fence KM / Investor Investor the collected water Placing warning signs year Education of population year Create a flood canal around the pond 7 ti High precipitation may cause Carefully monitor ?? KM W WUA Operation overflow of the pond quantities of stored water meter lengthlUA and control of release ofcanal ______valves Discarded construction Proper disposal of Municipality needs to Decomiss. Decomiss. Actor 8 Decommnission materials may aesthetically Properdiaspondsalnaof determine the area 1 KM Actorangot dgv. degrade and pollute the materials on designated where such waste /ton*km athortnid govt. authorities environment needs to be disposed Filling in of the collection pond Procurement of excess rock Municipality or WUA, and WUA, and 9 Decommission might require removal of fill and soil fill materials from CnedtonadethrteNANA goerminet gosuchn naterials that would degrade designated areas need to detemine such authorities authorities he environment a location______

44 Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

8. Waste Management Strategy

During project design and supervision, contractors would be required to prevent, minimize or mitigate environmental damage including that related to waste. Sediments and other debris would be displaced in an orderly manner in approved paths or in landfill or dump sites, rather than dumped indiscriminately. Reuse of excavated materials would be specifically directed, where suitable, limiting the need for old and new quarries. Where possible, existing quarries would be used for required additional materials. Contractors would also have to restore landscape to quasi-original condition after completion of rehabilitation works and after use of quarries. The details of environmental precautionary clauses for contractor works would be included in the bidding documents for proposed rehabilitation and improvement works.

The most appropriate methods for the observed waste materials are given below in the table 13

Table 13: Waste Management Strategy Type of waste material Manner of management Location Removal from canals and Nearest authorized, sanitary Household wastes discarded management at the nearest landfill is Mostar "Uborak" throughout the canals authorized landfill (including Another option is a municipal, leachate .and gas control, authorized dumpsite compacting and soil cover) Bulk metal wastes can be Removal from canals and disposed of at a scrap-metal Bulk wastes disposal at a proper dump, other wastes can be designated area disposed of at Mostar "Uborak" HCan be spread on areas that High quality soil would require vegetation Can be used in construction or Poor quality soil provided for works even in landfill covering Rocks Can be used in construction or disposed of in a remote area In a specially designated area for composting. Sale of Cut downegettCan be cut down, shredded compost could be a revenue and composted generating activity considering the amounts of vegetation Mostar "Uborak" or a Wasteof materialeDisposed of at a proper, municipal landfill. Precaution Waste matenals of existing authorized site, which would must be taken that such concrete canals inld gridin include grinding concrete does not contain asbestos or reinforcements.

45 Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeaovina

9. World Bank Safeguards Analysis

The World Bank Operational Policy 4.01 applies to this project due to the nature of the irrigation rehabilitation component of the project. This component requires an Environmental Assessment in order to ensure that the project to be financed is environmentally sound and sustainable. The EA format includes effects of the project on all sectors involved, including the environment, social and public sector. The Environmental Assessment also addresses issues such as monitoring of the activities and institutional capacity building.

World Bank Operational Policy OP 7.50 also applies to this project. River Neretva is an international waterway, as it flows through Bosnia and Herzegovina and through Croatia. Neretva finally discharges into the Adriatic Sea, an international waterway. Rivers TMT and Trebisnica are both tributaries of Neretva, through surface or ground connections and hence OP 7.50 should be considered with respect to this Project. An overview and analysis of the Agreements and Arrangements between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia are given in section 4 of this report.

The Consultant has established that frequent communications exist between water authorities in Croatia and water authorities in Herzegovina. The necessity for application of the Notification Requirement is currently under discussion within the Bank.

46 Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

10. Environmental Monitoring Plan

In the past, as well as currently, much attention has been paid to the water quantity in the area, but not to water quality. Due to the number of hydro power plants in the area, and energy potential of the river flow, maximum and minimum flow values were carefully monitored, as is presented in the baseline data, section 5 of this Report. Due to the scarcity of water, river and stream springs as well as precipitation were monitored regarding the quantity of discharge available. Average flow data is also available. On river Neretva there is a number of flow measuring stations at various locations.

Considering the amount of agricultural activities in this region, as well as the unique karst geology of the area it is evident that more attention should be paid to the water quality. Furthermore, the karst geology allows for large-scale interaction of groundwater and surface water in the immediate project area, as well as in the northem regions and across the intemational border with Croatia. Water is a very valuable and scarce resource in this region during the summer months and it requires protection of not only quantity, but also quality of the water supplied to the population and to the irrigated crops. There are several potential or existing threats to water quality in the project region. The areas upstream of the Project area do not have their own wastewater treatment plants and might negatively impact the quality of surface water recipients. The entire area of Herzegovina, especially around Mostar-Metkovi6 (border) M-17 road and smaller regional and local roads, has a large number of illegal dumpsites, some of which are located on the very banks of river Neretva.

Water quantity information, although more established than water quality, will also be improved by the project. Flow monitoring will be expanded under the project. The flow monitoring stations on the river Trebisnica downstream of Trebinje are at Drezin Do, Poljice, Ravno and Velja Meda. Flow monitoring stations will be installed near the end of Popovo Polje taking into account the backwater line of the upper compensation basin on the PHE Capljina. Sampling of water for the water quality control will be performed at the mentioned spots.

Laboratories for conducting water quality analyses and measurements are available within BiH. Two such laboratories are available are the Ljubuski and Trebinje wastewater treatment plants which are also available to conduct such measurements, that are regularly conducted on wastewater influent and effluent. Furthermore, additional laboratories that have been govemment certified are available throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina and are used to conduct water quality monitoring for other World Bank financed projects, e.g. Environmental Infrastructure Project.

The following table presents the environmental monitoring plan for the project and includes parameters to be monitored, where, when, why, how the monitoring is to be conducted; the cost; and the responsible party. Factors to be monitored include climate (wind, temperature, precipitation); nutrient content of discharge water; flow and water levels at critical points in the irrigation system; water table elevations in the project area and downstream; water quality of

47 Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

project inflows and return flows; quality of groundwater in the project area; water salinity; physical and chemical properties of soil in irrigation area.

48 Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeaovina

Table 14: Environmental Monitoring Plan Ljubuski Poije and Trebinje Poije

When Cost What Where How is the Whly Phoase parameter is to be is the parameter is the parameter to be paramete is the parameter to Responsibility monitored to be monitored monitored r to be be monitored Install Operate monitore d To determine Downstream of Sampling, laboratory possible water 1.000 KM per Investor- Construction Surface water quality the construction analysis and record Weekly contamination as a Construction activities keeping result of construction set authority activities Prior and To detemine

In the areas Sampling, laboratory followmg possible soil Investor- Construction Soil quality surrounding analysis and record the contamination by the 1.500 KM per Construction construction area keeping ctructi construction set authority on activities activities To assure proper 25.000 2.500 KM Flow through canals Uptemadwater management Km per monthly Operation (mFus) downstream of Flow-meters/ gauges Daily and sufficient flow salary for WUJA the field compensation ofmer wargud water deficits meter water guard amounts W~~~~~VvUA(through the On site, and To observe amounts information Precipitation possibly other Sampling and record of precipitation available from the Operation (umm/day) locations in the keeping on site Daily delivered and N/A N/A Federal area required Meteorological requiredSbureau- if available) 49 Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeaovina

When Cost What Where How is the Why Phase parameter is to be- is the parameter is the parameter to be paramete is the parameter to Responsibility monitored to be monitored monitored r to be be monitored Install Operate monitore .______d WUA (through the On site, and To b information possibly other Sampling and record To observe available from the Operation Wind speed loain .n th kep nst. Daily parameters essential N/A N/AFera locations In the keeping on site in agriculture Federal area Meteorological bureau- if available) WUA (through the On site, and To b information Operatiod nWd possibly other Sampling and record . Torobserve available from the Operation Wind direction loain in th locations in the keepingkep onnst site. Daily parameters. .Federal essential N/A N/AFera area m agriculture Meteorological bureau- if available) To observe WUA (through the On site, and parameters essential informnation Operation Air temperature possibly other Sampling and record Daily in agriculture, to N/A available from the locations in the keeping on site determine arnount of Federal area evaporation Meteorological occurring bureau- if available) To determine 2.500 KM WUA through its Operation Irrigation (mm/day) On site Sampling and record Daily amounts of water monthly appointed "water keeping on site dlvrdsalary for gad delivered water guard guard"

50 Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

Whlen Cost

Phase Whtat Where How is the Why parameter is to be is the parameter is the parameter to be paramete is the parameter to Responsibility monitored to be monitored monitored r to be be monitored InstaU Operate monitore d To determine Federal and RS Annual concentrations of Ministries of Operation Vegetation yield and On site Sample collection and records nutrients, have Agriculture, tissue analysis e laboratory analysis and ntlns aeArclue analysis insight in possible Waterworks and alerts Forestry 2.500 KM WUA through its Opertion Soil depth to On sie Sampling and record Mothly To determiine monthly apitd"ae Operation groundwater n sie keeping on site ony leaching of soil sala fo water guard guard" To observe 2.500 KM WUA through its Operation Soil temperature On site Sampling and record Monthly parameters essential monthly appointed "water keeping on site inarcluesalary for gad in .wateragricultue guard Soil quality (heavy Sapecleto n eianTo determine 1.0 MprWIA through its Operation metals, phosphorus, On site Sample c llection asd Semiann pss sil set appointed "water traces of chemicals) ~~~~~~contamination stguard" Groundwater quality U-rdetad Sample collection To determine salinity WUA through its Operation (chlorides, nitrates, down-gradient of through montorig Semi aossibe 1.000 KM per appointed "water coliforms) irrigation system wells and laboratory annually groundwater set guard" analysis contamination

51 Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzecovina

When cost What Where How is the why Phase paramete Rsosblt parameteris to be is the parameter is the parameter to be p is the parameterto Responsibility monitored to be monitored monitored r to be be monitored Install Operate monitore d Surface water quality To determine (concentrations of Upstream and Sample collection and surfae WoWUA through its Operation chlorides, nitrates, downstream of laboratory or field test Semi possible surface 1.000 KM per appointed "water coliforms, irrigation system kit analysis annually water salinty and set guard" phosphorus)

Downstream of To determine the Sampling, laboratory possible water 1.000 KM per Decommissioning Decommission Surface water quality decommissioning analysis and record monthly contamination as a set autliority activities keeping result of constructionauthority activities Prior and Inrhr aond To determnine In the areas Sampling, laboratory following possible soil Decommission Soil quality surrounding analysis and record the contamination by the 1.500 KM per Decommissioning decommission keeping constructi construction set authority area on activities activities

52 Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeaovina

Table 15: EnvironmentalMonitoring Plan Dubrava Plateau

Phase Wthat Where How Whien Wly cost parameter is to be is the parameter is the parameter to be is the parameter is the parameter to Responsibility monitored to be monitored monitored to be monitored be monitored Install Operate

To clearly identify Visual measurements Weekly, Daily amounts of water WUA through its Operation Water level or volume At the pond itself and record keeping during release available from the N/A N/A appointed "water season pond and to direct guard" releases Standard laboratory To ensure water WUA through its Operation Water quality At the pond itself tests and record Semiannually quality to be 1.000 KM appointed "water keeping supplied for per set guard" irrigation guard" WUA (through the Area of Dubrava Standard To record inflows informnation available Operation Precipitation Areau measrements Daily NToNIA/eond N/A from the Federal Plateau measurements into the pond ~~~~~~~~Meteorological

.______bureau- if available) To record WUA (through the OperationTemperature, wind Area of Dubrava Standard Daily variations in inflow information available speed, wind direction Plateau measurements Daily and outflow into N/A N/A from the Federal the pond the______pond______bureau-Meteorological if available)

53 Bosna-S Oil Services Co.

Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

11. Institutional Arrangements

Within the Water Law of Republika Srpska it is stated that the maintenance, reconstruction and further development of water structures are under the jurisdiction of the Municipality. In the Federation the jurisdiction over this issue is dealt with at the cantonal level. Hence, the municipality should be the primary institutional authority with regards to the irrigation of the agricultural areas. The Municipality should arrange Water User Associations that would represent the interests of all its members- water users, to the Municipality and other authorities. Such a set up of associations would enable better communication and better networking between authorities and final users. Furthermore, it would facilitate water distribution and charging in the future possibility of having to pay for water as a good.

Due to the international importance of the Neretva river to the Adriatic Sea basin, a Public Enterprise for the Adriatic Sea Basin was formed with its headquarters in Mostar. This enterprise deals with most of the issues regarding water resources in the area, regardless of entity or state border-lines, and is a very valuable resource. Furthermore, each entity has their own Waterworks and Electrical Supply public enterprises. The Waterworks public enterprise deals with water management and issuance of waterworks accords for any projects, developments or construction that might endanger water quality or quantity. The Electrical Supply Enterprises of each entity are in charge of the hydroelectric dams placed on the Trebisnica, TMT and Neretva rivers, and hence are in charge of dam inspections and dam maintenance.

11.1 Institutional and User Strengthening and Trainin2

When considering the current agricultural and irrigation situation in BiH it is clear that there is a need for training and networking of government officials involved in this area, of local entrepreneurs directly involved in agriculture and local population. Such education, training and forming networks would allow for information dissemination, and would introduce proper agricultural techniques and possibilities for newer technologies to be used. This type of training would also assist in displaying the potential for population in agriculture, and would help educate agricultural workers in items such as fertilizers, nutrients, pesticides and herbicides in order to establish proper usage of the same. The project will finance the provision on a continuing basis of extension and advisory services, as well as specific training in fertilizers and pesticides as to proper application techniques, timing and handling of residues. This training in careful use of fertilizers and chemicals, and the continuing extension and advisory services to disseminate best practice is expected to keep the negative impact of increased input use to a minimum. The project will also finance regular training and continuing advice in improved irrigation management practices to reduce soil erosion within irrigation schemes and consequently reduce the environmental impact of sedimentation on rivers.

The content of a training program will be determined throughout project implementation but it is envisioned to take a fomi similar to that proposed below.

SEMINAR Series for Agricultural Entrepreneurs

The participants will be: - major agricultural entrepreneurs in the project area - government/municipal authorities - interested local population

The contents of the Seminar could address topics such as

- possibilities of development through agriculture - new technologies in agriculture

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

- applicability of new technologies in the area - linking and networking of agricultural associations

TRAINING sessions

Training sessions could be conducted in smaller attendance than the general seminars. These training sessions could employ experts in the field, familiar with the conditions in the project area and agricultural entrepreneurs in the project area. The training sessions would address topics such as:

- most common problems agricultural workers are faced with - overcoming most common problems - applicability of newer technologies in the area - benefits and impacts of fertilizers, and nutrients on crops, water quality and soil - overseeing agricultural activities and enforcement of proper techniques for govermnental authorities

Cost Estimate - Half Day Seminar

Description Local consultants in US$ (1) Foreign consultants in US$ (per year) (2) (per year) Lectures and literature 400.00 1,700.00 Room and technical 250.00 equipment Refreshments 150.00 TOTAL 800.00 1,700.00 TOTAL for 5 years $4,000.00 $8,500.00

Cost Estimate- Field Visits and Training Sessions

Description Local consultants in US$ (1) Foreign consultants in US$ (per year) (2) (per year) Transportation 150.00 3,000.00 Lectures 300.00 1,500.00 TOTAL 450.00 4,500.00 TOTAL for 5 years $2,250.00 $ 22,500.00

Equipment purchases

Type Number of units Unit cost Total cost Local or Intemational purchase Flow meters 2 per field 25.000 KM 50.000 KM Water sample 2 per WUA (GW 5.000 KM 10.000 KM kits and SW) Composting 2 1.200 KM 2.400 KM choppers for shrubs Power 2 250 KM 500 KM scissors

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12. Schedule

Activity Start Date Finish Date Duration Construction To be determined To be determined 120 days Mitigation To be determined To be determined 120 days Monitoring To be determined To be determined 120 d and onward Training To be determined To be determined I year

13. Public Consultation

A public consultation of the project and EA was held in the Ljubuski region with the governmental authorities, representatives of various agricultural companies in the area, water distribution sector, communal-solid waste collection and disposal representative, independent experts and representative of the Cantonal chamber of commerce. This consultation was held on 31. July 2002 in Ljubuski. The attendence sheet is attached to this report.

14. Conclusion

Southeastern Herzegovina is an area with a large amount of water availability but unfavorable distribution during the course of the year. Aricultural potential is very high in this area, but is limited by the quantities of available water. It is safe to conclude that a proper irrigation system would lead to an expansion of the agricultural activities in the area, and in combination with proper training and education, agriculture could be a strong basis for economic development of the region and BiH as a whole. Rehabilitation of the existing system will be accompanied in the project by introduction of more modem techniques. Training and extension services will support introduction of new irrigation and agricultural methods that are conducive to water conservation goals. This will improve the overall water management system in the area potential for future development of the project region.

Since water is such a scarce, and as a result extremely valuable resource, there is a significant amount of measurements and data on available water quantities, water inputs, outputs, average, minimum and maximum flows, and even water quality measurements. Additional, mandated monitoring is suggested by this EA in order to have continuous monitoring of set parameters at set locations. There are possible alternatives to the activities defined in this Project, but it is clear that the existing irrigation canals must be rehabilitated. Potential negative environmental impacts of the project are limited and amenable to mitigation measures identified in the environmental management plan.

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 58 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Appendices list

Al General Guidelines for Identification and Analysis of Environmental Impacts of Project Loan Activities

BOSNIA and HERZEGOVINA

and

World Bank

SMALL-SCALE COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

General Guidelines

For

Identification and Analysis of Environmental Impacts Of Project Loan Activities

September, 2002

59 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

John Ambrose Mallorytown, Ontario CANADA

60 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Contents

1. Introduction

2. Purpose

3. World Bank Safeguard Policies

4. Vulnerability

5. Probable Project Activities

6. World Bank Environmental Assessment Requirements

7. Screening for Category A and Category B Projects

8. Identifying and Mitigating Impacts of Activities Not Included in Categories A or B

9. Agricultural Good Practices

10. Potential Environmental Impacts, Consequences and Mitigation

11. Cumulative Impacts Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

List of Tables

Table 3.1 World Bank Safeguard Policies

Table 5.1 Probable Agricultural Activities

Table 5.2 Other Potential Activities (Large Scale Farms, Processing and Marketing

Table 6.1 World Bank Categories for Environmental Assessment Purposes

Table 8.1 Agricultural Activities (Inputs) Affecting Different Components of the Environment

Table 8.2 Guidelines for Determining Scores of Each Impact

Table 9.1 Some Agricultural Good Practices - Towards a Protected Environment and Sustainable Agriculture

Table 10.1 -10.19 Impacts, Consequences and Mitigation of Project Activities Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

1. Introduction

Limited access to credit is a major impediment to the growth of commercial agriculture in eastem Herzegovina. Bank and non-bank financial institutions have a limited presence in rural areas in the region, and a weak capacity for agricultural lending.

The World Bank and the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina are entering into a loan agreement for a small-scale commercial agricultural development project (SSCAP). Financing through this project will assist in the alleviation of the current problem of limited access to the commercial agricultural sector. The SSCAP will provide two lines of credit: $US 4 million for commercial banks to finance larger loans to processors, traders, producer associations and cooperatives for working capital and investment; and $US 2 million to micro-credit organizations to finance investment and working capital for small-scale producers.

2. Purpose

The purpose of this document is to provide loan officers of the various banks and non- bank financial institutions that will be responsible for on-lending of the project funds with a set of guidelines that will assist them in determining to what extent the various activities will affect the environment 15. The guidelines outline the World Bank's Safeguard Policies, assist in the identification of projects that may fall into either of the World Bank's A or B environmental categories (see section 4.) and indicate whether or not an environmental assessment will be required. The guidelines also provide loan officers with a description of probable impacts that can be expected from various activities and the measures that the proponent should take in order to minimize or eliminate these activities. As well, the document provides some agricultural best practices that should be followed, and a note on cumulative effects and their importance.

3. World Bank Safeguard Policies

The World Bank's commitments to environmental and social protection are reflected in its ten safeguard policies. These are stated and summarized in Table 3.1. It is the responsibility of the lending institution to ensure that these policies are not violated. The following is a list of questions which, if answered in the affirmative, would indicate that the safeguard policy (indicated in brackets) may be triggered and a more in-depth analysis, with possible consultation with World Bank staff, may be required.

Question: Does the project fall into a World Bank Category A or Category B for environmental assessment purposes? (Environmental assessment - see Section 7.)

Question: Will the project involve the manufacturing of heavy forestry equipment that would be used in the extraction of tropical moist forests? (Forestry)

15Environment here includes the biological, physical and social components.

1 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Question: Will the project involve the removal of a significant area of important natural habitat providing a base for important fauna / flora? (Natural habitat)

Question: Will the project involve the production / storage of large quantities of chemical pesticides? (Pest management)

Question: Will the project involve the use of chemical pesticides? (Pest management)

Question: Will the project require the removal of people (regardless of number) from their homes and the dismantling of these homes? (Involuntary resettlement)

Question: Will the loss of livelihood be a direct result of the project? (Involuntary resettlement)

Question: Will the project directly affect indigenous people or already marginalized groups? (Indigenous people)

Question: Will the project lead to the removal, significant alteration or destruction of archaeological sites, historic buildings and sites (e.g. battlefields), and local cultural sites including cemetaries? (Cultural properties)

Question: Will the project involve the rehabilitation or the building of a dam (e.g. irrigation dam) greater than 15 metres in height? (Dam safety)

Question: Will the project in any way cause an alteration of an international waterway or its major tributaries? (Projects on international waterways)

Question: Is the project to occur in an area that is currently or is likely to be, under dispute by a neighboring country? (Projects in disputed areas)

2 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Table 3.1: World Bank Safeguard Policies

Safeguard Policy Brief Descriti-:: Likely'A ppicationto ''Bref De's'r' io SSCAP . Environmental Bank financed projects must be environmentally sound and sustainable. Type and detail of Highly likely, particularly assessment (EA) EA dependent on nature, scale and potential environmental risks. (see section 2.2) for large scale projects . Natural habitat The Bank supports the protection, maintenance and rehabilitation of natural habitats and Possible, particularly with does not support projects that involve the significant conversion or degradation of critical expanding agricultural natural habitats. activities . Forestry Policy relates to tropical moist forests. Not applicable . Pest management The Bank supports the use of biological or environmental control of pests and strategies Highly likely that reduce the reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. It supports integrated pest management and the safe use of agricultural pesticides. Involuntary People who have to be removed or who lose their livelihood as a result of the project must Possible resettlement be resettled, compensated for all of their losses and they must be provided with a situation that is at least as good as the one from which they came. Indigenous peoples Local indigenous people or distinct groups who are marginalized in society who could be Not likely adversely affected by the project . Cultural properties The Bank supports the preservation of cultural properties which includes sites with Possible archaeological, paleontological, historical, religious or unique natural values. It seeks to avoid impacts on such sites. Dam safety Bank financed new dams must be designed and built under the supervision of competent Only in the case of large professionals. Dams over 15 metres in height are of concern particularly if there is a large irrigation projects which flood handling requirement or the dam is in a zone of high seismicity and/or where are not likely to occur foundations and other design features are complex. under the project Projects on Any project that may affect the water quality or quantity of a waterway shared with other Not likely international waterways nations. . Projects in disputed Projects in disputed areas could affect relations between the country within which the Unknown areas project is being developed and neighboring countries. Disputes would be dealt with at the earliest opportunity. Note: For detailed explanation of each safeguard policy refer to the World Bank website, specifically, www.worldbank.orv/enviroinrent/op policies.htmn

3 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

4. Vulnerability

The direct environmental impact of the funded activities in SCCAP is expected to be small. Impacts are likely to occur mainly as a result of: i) agrochemical application (surface and groundwater contamination); ii) cultivation, land clearing and construction resulting in soil erosion; and, iii) indiscriminate dumping of sediment deposits and other materials from canals, drains and structures, resulting in the loss of productive land and further erosion.

Only 14% of the country is arable and over 80% of the country is mountainous or hilly with slopes exceeding 13%. Thus, soil erosion is a major threat, particularly as agricultural activities intensify through this project and other similar projects. Erosion not only will cause the loss of scarce productive soils but will contaminate river systems and affect aquatic ecosystems.

5. Probable Project Activities

It is not possible to determine prior to project implementation the various activities for which loan funds will be requested. Earlier project preparation studies examined current agricultural activities in the Project region and it is assumed that for the most part the current activities reflect the application to which loan funds will be designated. Table 5.1 provides a list of the most probable small scale agricultural activities for which project funding will be pursued. Table 5.2 indicates likely activities for large scale farms and other agriculturally related activities (processing and marketing).

Table 5.1: Probable Agricultural Activities

ProbbleSmal'-cai'leiric'ulturag:

Activitisd-''- 'r. .Seed, cuttings (vines) and orchard stock purchases Fertilizer .Pesticides .Irrigation equipment .Tractor hire .Small implements .Spare parts .Fuel and lubricants .Pedigree livestock for breeding .Animals for finishing .Farm buildings, storage sheds, cold storage .Fencing materials .Veterinary services .Breeding services

4 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Table 5.2: Other Potential Activities (Large Scale Farms, Processing and Marketing)

.- ~ Activity~~ ...... - In addition to those activities in Table 5.1: Tractors .Large irrigation scheme equipment .Grain drying equipment .Water supplies .Agro processing equipment including: . dairy processing . meat processing . fruit processing . wine making

.Large buildings and cold store facilities .Farm expansion (land purchase) .Market buildings and facilities

6. World Bank Environmental Assessment Requirements

The Bank undertakes environmental screening of each proposed project to determine the appropriate extent and type of EA. The Bank classifies the proposed project into one of four categories, depending on the type, location, sensitivity and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. The four Categories are A, B, C, and Fl. Category Fl is applied to all proposed projects that involve investment of Bank funds through a financial intermediary (FI), in sub-projects that may result in adverse environmental impacts. The financial intermediary is required to screen proposed sub-projects and must ensure that sub- borrowers conduct an appropriate EA for each sub-project, where warranted. Before approving a sub-project, the Fl verifies that the sub-project meets the environmental requirements of appropriate national and local authorities and is consistent with the Operational Policies (OP) and other applicable environmental policies of the Bank. The Fis determine the category of the sub-project based on the World Bank's definitions as follows:

Category A: Includes projects likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. A full EIA will be required. Mitigation may not be possible for some impacts.

Category B: Includes projects that have potential adverse impacts which would be less significant than those expected from a Category A project and impacts that can be more readily mitigated. The scope of the EA for this category is much narrower than the full EIA required for Category A projects.

Category C: Projects which are likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts fall into this category.

5 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

It is important that the project management unit and the lending institution be able to identify activities for which funding is being requested and which may fall into either of the World Bank's Category A or Category B.

Table 6.1 provides a list of typical projects for each of Category A and Category B.

Table 6.1: World Bank Categories for Environmental Assessment Purposes

. dams and reservoirs . agroindustries (small scale) . forestry production projects electrical transmission . industrial plants (large scale) . irrigation and drainage (small and industrial estates, scale) including major expansion, . renewable energy rehabilitation, or modification . rural electrification . irrigation, drainage and flood tourism control (large scale) rural water supply and . aquaculture sanitation lland clearance and leveling . watershed projects . reclamation and new land (management or rehabilitation) development . protected areas and . resettlement biodiversity conservation river basin development . rehabilitation of highways or . manufacture, transportation rural roads and use of pesticides or other . rehabilitation or modification hazardous and/or toxic of existing industrial facilities materials (small scale) .new construction or major . energy efficiency and energy upgrading of highways or rural conservation roads

7. Screening for Category A and Category B Projects

QUESTION: Does the activity fall into Category A or Cate2ory B Proiect?

To answer this question the loan officer should adhere to the step by step procedure in the following:

6 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

-StenI

* Does the activity have an irrigation or drainage component?

* If the answer is YES, proceed to Step 2.

* If the answer is NO, proceed to Step 3.

Steii2

* Does this project have a large irrigation / drainage component? (large = greater than 10 ha)

* If the answer is YES, the project will be a Category A project and the proponent will be responsible for conducting a comprehensive EIA.

* If the answer is NO, the project will be a Category B project and the proponent will be responsible of conducting a less comprehensive EA that will identify the probable impacts and the necessary mitigation.

-- SteD 3

* Does the activity involve the significant regulation (e.g. by dam or diversion) of a natural watercourse?

7 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

* If the answer is YES, the project will be a Category A project.

* If the answer is NO, proceed to Step 4.

* Does the activity involve the involuntary resettlement of people?

* If the answer is YES, a resettlement and compensation action plan will be required by the proponent. Unless the resettlement issue is significant, other aspects of the project will determine the Category (A or B) of the project.

* If the answer is NO, proceed to Step 5.

* Does the activity involve the use of fertilizers, pesticides or other chemicals in large quantities (to cover lands exceeding 2Oha in area)?

* If the answer is YES, the project will be a Category A and the proponent will be required to provide a comprehensive EIA, with special focus on impacts as they relate to the use and handling of chemicals and on cumulative effects, and a clear plan for mitigating these impacts.

* If the answer is NO, but small quantities (on areas less than 20ha) of chemicals are to be used, the proponent will be required to demonstrate good management of chemicals - their use and handling.

* If no chemicals are to be used, proceed to Step 6.

* Does the project involve the processing of agricultural produce on a small scale?

8 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

• If the answer is YES, the project will be a Category B project and the proponent will be required to prepare an EA which will clearly identify potential impacts and the mitigative actions to be taken.

* If the project involves the processing of agricultural produce on a large scale, the project will be a Category A and the proponent will be required to provide a comprehensive EIA.

8. Identifying and Mitigating Impacts of Activities Not Included in Categories AorB

Step7

* To this point in the procedure, the major agricultural impacts have been addressed and the World Bank Category has been determined. Now the investment officer will assess the probable impacts of other agricultural and related activities (e.g. marketing).

* The investment officer is encouraged to refer to the impact/mitigation tables (Tables 10.1 - 10.20)

* Table 8.1 indicates the important environmental components affected by various agricultural activities.

* Proceed to Step 8.

-- SteD 8

9 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

* List possible significant environmental impacts that could result (as a guide, refer to Table 8.1 for most likely effects for each of the 20 activities).

* List the level of significance of each of the possible impacts (H,M,L) as indicated in Table 8.2.

* Proceed to Step 9.

NOTE: identifying the impacts is a judgement decision and is best made in consultation with fellow loan officers

* Determine an overall score for magnitude of impacts (using Table 8.2 as a guide); noting that each impact of any one activity requires its own individual score - the cumulative score of impacts for any one activity will provide the overall score for that activity.

10 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Table 8.1: Agricultural Activities (Inputs) Affecting Different Components of the Environment

Agricultural Inpmts Ai -nquaiityr- j C)W c | H _ 0. m (Di 0.) - CD -0 ____L 0_ Water quality - physical a H' Impoant EnvironmentalComponent P M Ca 'a~ ~~~E. S-m a cn 0~4

- -

Soil~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ ~ 2 qult0 _ _ _ chmia_

Soil quality- physicl _ M L H H M _ _ H0

Biodiversqity -lossmical H H H - Waterofqnturalty -cysicalTerrestrial~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ = Ecoysem H Soil quality - chemicalEvHnH Soil quality - physicalM L H HMHH Soil Erosion H M H H M H Microaclimater loss== = | | | |H| Soil Fertility M M Salinization -…H WaterloggingH IncreasedMicoqliaticecoytm surface drainage H M H AirdiqualityGroundwater losses |_ Los L M M | |LH | | | _| _ | TerrestrialWater. qfnauraly Ecosystems cemcalses H H M Hj Hj Surface water losses H H Biodiversity loss H H H Loss of natural ecosystems H H L L Natural forest loss H H Other natural vegetation H H H L Weed invasion M H m Invasion of new speciesH H M Aquatic Ecosystems Biodiversity loss H H L H Modif. of natural ecosystems M H H M1 H Weed invasion HHIH__ Socioeconomic Environment Human health and safety 3 H H I H H Food contamination JH Increased floodingIH Increased mudflowsf landslides ___M Desertification M Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

H - potential high impact; M - potential moderate impact; L - potential low impact

12 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Table 8.2: Guidelines for Determining Scoring of Each Impact

'Level of.Significance. Guidance for Signiffcance of. - Score. Examples' .lnpacts None There is no detectable impact of any kind as 0 A procurement project with a result of the activity no direct impacts Low Small changes, possibly measurable; 1 Market facilities: social usually confined to a small area disruption and water pollution Moderate Measurable losses, or system disruption; 3 Agro-processing: water system able to continue without mitigation contamination.

High Substantial losses or system disruption: 5 Animals purchased for system would probably still function, albeit finishing: overgrazing at a lower level; an impact that is and/or deforestation over a irreversible moderate area Large scale erosion Very High Major losses of ecosystems or irreversible 7 Not applicable system disruption; system unable to function without mitigation or major compensation programme; a large impact that is irreversible

Note 1: The loan officer must consider the size and extent of each project. For instance, even though a land-leveling project would fall under the World Bank Category A, if it occurs only over a very small area, the impact would be deemed low. Size and extent of the effects of the activity for purposes of determining level of significance of the impact(s) will be a judgement call.

Step 9

* If score is less than 5 describe mitigative measures to be taken, and good practices to be followed, to address impacts (refer to tables 9.1 and 10.1- 10.20).

* Ensure that mitigative measures are incorporated into conditions of loan.

* If score is 5 or greater, proceed to Step 10.

13 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

* Describe in detail the impacts likely to be experienced.

* Determine practical and reasonable mitigative measures to be followed.

* Discuss above results with Government environmental protection 7S agency_ for input and support. * Finalize mitigative measures description.

* Proceed to Step 1.

NOTE: A score of 5 or more could be the result of two low scores (e.g. 2 and 3) for different aspects of the same project activity.

* Prepare an environmental management plan (EMP) which describes potential environmental impacts and presents mitigation measures (see sample EMP attached).

* Prepare a monitoring schedule which will ensure implementation of mitigative measures and good practices.

* Monitor activity on a regular basis.

14 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

9. Agricultural Good Practices

Table 9.1 provides some agricultural good practices that should be considered to avoid impacts. Most of these practices are considered in the tables in Section 10.

Table 9.1: Some Agricultural Good Practices - Towards a Protected Environment and Sustainable Agriculture

Activity Good Practices Seed, cuttings and orchard stock . selection of seed with lowest agro-chemical input requirements to achieve high yields . selection of seed with minimal level of pest and disease vulnerability . rigorous sanitation facilities and procedures for imported seed . rigorous sanitation facilities and procedures for exported seed . extension services provide advice on appropriate fertilizer and pesticide applications . wherever possible, extension service to promote sustainable agricultural practices including IPM, minimum tillage, contour ploughing, crop rotations, and green manuring Fertilizers . selection of best fertilizers for crop and prevailing soil conditions . application levels as per recommended by manufacturer and extension service Pesticides . IPM is a priority and pesticides to be applied sparingly and only where absolutely necessary . careful handling of pesticides; protective clothing and equipment to be used Pedigree livestock N/A Livestock for finishing manure handling facilities designed to ensure zero runoff Land rental/purchase . land to be rented or purchased not to be environmentally sensitive - check with government environmental officials before finalizing agreement Tractors . purchase of engine efficient tractors that provide highest ratio of power and work to fuel input . tractors with high efficiency emissions control . tractors no larger than necessary for the most extensive work anticipated Farm implements . implements suitable for minimal tillage and others which are applicable to organic farming methods Land preparation . contour ploughing, minimum tillage, grassed waterways, etc. Small equipment . energy efficient equipment Grain drying equipment . energy efficiency to be a prime concern Irrigation equipment . highest efficiency equipment .__equipment that assists in the use of irrigation water in an

15 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

efficient manner Vehicles . low emission vehicles and vehicles with high efficiency engines (maximum work per unit of fossil fuel input) Farm buildings for stock, . location of buildings where least disturbance of resources machinery, and chemicals required . energy efficient building design including heating, ventilation . building design to minimize materials and use of environmentally friendly materials Storage facilities Same as above Fencing materials N/A Primary processing equipment . high efficiency equipment including low emission fuels ___(e.g.gas, solar) Fuel, lubricants, spare parts and . safe storage of fuels, lubricants and chemicals other operating requirements Veterinary services . zero use of hormones and minimal use of drugs . alternative medicine

10. Potential Environmental Impacts, Consequences and Mitigation

The following set of tables is intended to provide guidance to loan officers. Each table describes for each of the probable activities to be financed under the Project, a list of potential impacts that can be expected, their consequences and the mitigation that will be required to ensure that these impacts are either avoided all together or minimized. For each activity a general summary of the following is provided:

Overall potential impact: None, Low, Moderate or High

Residual impact assuming mitigation is fully implemented. The residual impact is the impact that still remains after mitigation has been completed: None, Low, Moderate or High.

Risk: This is a relative rating as to the general probability that the impact will occur with the indicated potential impact: None, Low, Moderate or High.

11. Cumulative Impacts

Many of the impacts that will be experienced will be of a low significance level. Even residual impacts will be of low significance. However, loan officers and government environmental officials must be aware that a number of low significant level impacts, particularly in one confined area, can have a moderate or high overall level of significance. This can occur not only within the project sponsored activities but also in combination with other activities of the area. For instance, nutrient runoff as a result of chemical fertilizer application made available through a project loan may have a small effect on a local water course. However, a number of farmers in the same watershed could also be borrowing money for the same purpose and the overall effect on the same water course may be significant. Likewise, if the water course is receiving nutrient loading from a municipal sewage treatment facility the runoff from the agricultural

16 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina enterprise will exacerbate the problem and could change a tolerable level of nutrient levels in the water body to one of concern and seriousness. These are examples of the cumulative effect and loan officers must be aware.

17 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Table 10.1 Seed, Cuttings and Orchard Stock Overall Potential Impact: MODERATE

'aoInVDii~ imilfi ecd i i Required

lii S dA . positive impact; increased yields and food security for the small holding farmer as well as economic well being .loss of biodiversity as reduced biodiversity .ensure important Government environment officials should be land cleared for new habitat is not disturbed consulted if there is doubt of the biodiversity value orchards and vineyards of the site to be converted to orchard / vineyard use of chemical . same consequences as . determination and Ministry of Agriculture extension services should fertilizers, and described for chemical application of optimum work with farmers to provide input management pesticides fertilizers and pesticides quantities and advice (see tablesI O.2 and scheduling for fertilizers 10.3) and other inputs; introduction of an integrated pest management program (IPM). Mitigation will be moderately difficult without support of an active extension service.

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW - MODERATE Risk: MODERATE

18 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Table 10.2 Fertilizer Overall Potential Impact: MODERATE TO HIGH

Potential Direct Potential Indirect Consequences - Mitigation Required Remarks Impacts Impacts ____:_:_____._.._.__._ . reduction in soil modified soil structure in the long run, . fertilizer application in . extension workers should work closely with organic content and reduction in soil possible loss of conjunction with crop farmers to develop application rates and best land moisture holding productivity as a result rotation practices. husbandry and crop rotation plans capacity of insufficient soil Mitigation moderately moisture easy since costs are high ______. nutrient enrichment of . eutrophication of water . modified aquatic . optimum fertilizer . work closely with extension workers to develop water bodies bodies ecosystems quantities and best land and crop management plans application schedules . potential impact on international waters contaminated potable . loss of household should be planned. water sources water supply; must Mitigation moderately search for new source easy since costs are

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW - MODERATE Risk: MODERATE

19 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Table 10. 3 I Pesticides Significance of Overall Potential Impact: HIGH

Dim _!, ecs,-,- 7 * _ - on_

. impaired health of . increased health costs; . training in the proper It should be determined if the government handlers including those lost work time; lost handling and use of agricultural agency is developing a 1PM program who store, sell, transport famnily income pesticides; and apply . introduce an 1PM (integrated pest management program). Mitigation will likely be difficult. impaired health of . increased health costs; . health wamings to Public education is required and this could be done food consumers lost work time; lost wash foods; through the government agricultural agency and the family income . use of appropriate NGO comnmunity. It should be determined if the chemicals that minimize government agricultural agency is developing a residue and are least IPM program. Difficult because agrochemical harmful to consumers; companies promote their products amongst farmers .IPM program. and farmers will generally adopt the immediate Mitigation will be least cost chemical that does the job relatively difficult. soil contamination . loss of soil . use of appropriate Difficult because agrochemical companies promote productivity pesticides that do not their products amongst farmers and farmers-will have residuals or in generally adopt the immediate least cost chemical which residuals do no that does the job harm to soil. Mitigation will be relatively difficult.

20 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

ground and surface . impaired health of increased health costs; use of least harmful potential impact on international waters water contamination local and downstream lost work time; lost pesticides; water consumers family income . consider IPM . aquatic ecosystems biodiversity losses Mitigation relatively damaged difficult.

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: MODERATE Risk: MODERATE

Table 10.4 Pedigree livestock Significance of Overall Potential Impact: NONE

Potential Direct Potential Indirect Consequences Mitigation Required Remarks Impacts Im pacts :; ______.,_:_._._,___ Positive input leading to better quality meat and wool; increased yields and increased farm incomes No negative impacts

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: N/A Risk: N/A

21 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Table 10.5 Livestock for finishing Significance of Overall Potential Impacts: MODERATE TO HIGH

i in iC =nsffigi-i ~ C

[mo acntsI - [icests X_i______u_i___rie_dL______e__a_s__ .carrying capacity of loss of ground cover . reduced productivity . ensure that pasture . work closely with agricultural extension services pasture is exceeded . soil erosion . loss of soil carrying capacities are to develop pasture carrying capacities loss of water holding . sedimentation not exceeded. potential impact on international waters capacity . hydrological regime Mitigation is difficult. modified resulting in flooding and drought conditions .in high altitude areas . reduced vegetation . loss of soil . ensure that grazing . work closely with agricultural extension services stock may threaten cover . sedimentation does not occur in . regular monitoring forested or other . soil erosion . hydrological regime protected or other protected areas . loss of water holding modified resulting in important areas. capacity flooding and drought Mitigation moderately conditions easy. . reduced biodiversity llivestock in a confined . high nutrient loading . management of area - concentration of in runoff waters leading manure; alternative to manure to poor water quality confined quarters. IMitigation easy. close confinement can loss of stock and . alternative to confined Loan application should be rejected if alternatives result in animal diseases income quarters. Mitigation are not available. I______m oderately difficult.

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: NONE Risk: MODERATE

22 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Table 10.6 Land Purchase Significance of Overall Potential Impact: HIGH

Potential Direct Potential Indirect Consequences Mitigation Required_ Remarks Impacts Impacts :_._,,_-_.._____:_.._a:_l:_.__:-.______:_ Current non-agricultural Reduced biodiversity; Stream sedimentation Land not already being Loan officers should reject land purchase proposals land may have loss of forest cover; soil leading to aquatic used for agriculture and if biodiversity will be threatened. biodiversity or erosion ecosystem changes which has watershed or watershed protection biodiversity values values which would be should not be converted lost to agriculture. Mitigation should be easy through regulation. Loss of livelihood- Further poverty Dependence on the state Small farmers must be Farmers will make the decision to sell on their existing small farmers made aware of the real own. No one is going to give them advice on how may see financial gains value of land and how to manage their money. to be made (selling land to manage cash that they to large farmers) but may have never had once money is gone, no before. No mitigation. land upon which to sustain themselves

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: NONE Risk: MODERATE

23 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Table 10.7 Tractors Significance of Overall Potential Impact: MODERATE TO HIGH Mt-iii 'I ME d U~~~~~nse_nc-esiiainRqie

soil and water . loss of soil . loss of crop good practices to be . this is a minor impact and awareness to operators contamination from productivity productivity carried out by to refuel under safe conditions is all that would be machine fuels and equipment operators required. Agriculture extension service can educate lubricants . loss of potable water . must find alternative Mitigation will be farmers, as well as loan officers source of potable water moderately difficult. Soil compaction Runoff Erosion and Ensure equipment of a Large farms require large machinery appropriate sedimentation size suitable for soil for the magnitude of the job. conditions. Mitigation I will be difficult.

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW Risk: HIGH

24 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Table 10.8 Land Preparation Significance of Overall Potential Impact: MODERATE TO HIGH Ale Direct Mitizati6in ~~~~~~Required Rmis Potential irect Ipo alts direct 'Consequences Mitigtion r Rem rks

InipactsImas . soil erosion . loss of productivity . contour ploughing . should be conducted in conjunction with other loss of soil moisture required good husbandry practices including maintenance of . optimal ploughing cropping residues (i.e. no burning) . stream sedimentation . aquatic ecosystem schedules to ensure . coordinate with agricultural extension field modified minimal time for services exposed soil. . potential impact on international waters . modified hydrological . aquatic ecosystem Mitigation will be regime modified difficult. . flooding and drought conditions increased

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW Risk: HIGH

Table 10.9 Other farm implements Potential Overall Impact: LOW - MODERATE

Potential Direct Potential Indirect i 'Consequences . i Required .Rem'arks Impacts Impacts ' ._' -_.,_, .___.__._____ .. . Deep cultivation Loss of soil productivity Water regulation losses; Practices other than Difficult to change old ways. Agriculture extension contributes to soil and stream modified aquatic deep ploughing (e.g. service will be required to provide advice and erosion sedimentation ecosystems minimum tillage and demonstrate advantages. direct seed drilling without disturbing the soil). Mitigation will be difficult

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW - MODERATE Risk: HIGH (traditional farming techniques are likely not to change)

25 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Table 10.10 Small implements and equipment Potential Overall Impact: NONE

PotejiiibIr JPoteliiilndieci Consequences n itigariiR id?'p o

Not Applicable

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: NONE Risk: NONE

Table 10.11 Grain drying equipment Potential Overall Impact: LOW

- leialns T-. _=u*1f High electrical energy Energy consumption Not known If the opportunity to reduce spoilage and improve consumption requiring use of more income is present, grain dryers will be used fossil fuels

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW Risk: HIGH

26 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Table 10.12 | Irrigation equipment and irrigation maintenance; water supplies Potential Overall Impact: HIGH

Potential Direct . Potential Indirect Consequences . .Mitigation Required Remarks , ' Impacts: Im pacts ._.. ______* _,,, ______, _____: ___; ___, _____ Reduction of Loss of water to other Water sharing plan to Water sharing plan will be challenging to prepare groundwater; extraction current and potential ensure equitable and implement of surface water users distribution. Mitigation very difficult. Salinization; Loss of productive land Appropriate drainage waterlogging system. Mitigation relatively easy. Debris accumulation Loss of productive land Appropriate storage of and erosion from upon which debris is dredging debris. irrigation channels and stored; Mitigation relatively drain rehabilitation Erosion of debris into easy but may be costly. water courses leading to stream sedimentation and aquatic ecosystem modification and losses Blockage of surface Modification and loss of No funding of projects water flows (dams) aquatic ecosystems that will create dams. Run of river is best alternative. Mitigation difficult if storage reservoir is required.

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW - MODERATE Risk: MODERATE

27 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Table 10.13 Vehicles Potential Overall Impact: LOW - MODERATE

Potential Direct otenti7alnro cMt ne dm

CO' emissions Contribution to Contribution to global Efficient engines and Not likely that efficient engines will be used and greenhouse effect warming conservation of use. conservation will not be a priority Mitigation difficult. Switch to ethanol blends Ethanol blending will be dependent upon a ready or pure ethanol; the supply of ethanol (maize and/or sugar production) latter would require adoption of engines specifically for ethanol I consumptiont

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW Risk: HIGH

Table 10.14 | Farm buildings for stock, machinery and chemical storage; marketing facilities Potential Overall Impact: LOW

Pflotential Direct oeta niet ~ neune iiainRqie

Reduction in the amount Reduced income from Efficient design to Space for buildings has to come from somewhere. of land available for lower total crop minimize space food production production required. Mitigation easy.

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW Risk: HIGH

28 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Table 10.15 Fencing Potential Overall Impact: LOW

Potential Direct 'Potential Indirect Consequences Mitigation Required Remarks Impacts Impacts , . i Aspects of cultural None available system may be affected

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW Risk: LOW

29 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Table 10.16 Primary processing Significance of Overall Potential Impacts: MODERATE - HIGH

.surface water .impaired health of increased health costs, .assurance that effluents .each processing operation will differ and for a contamination from downstream users; loss lost work days and are treated before number there will be no impacts; project design effluent discharge (e.g. of potable water supply; family income; discharge; alternative must be submitted and reviewed; monitoring of whey from dairy damaged aquatic alternative source of ways of handling operations required processing, residues ecosystems potable water must be effluents (e.g. .potential impact on intemational waters from oil processing, or found; reduced recycling). Mitigation Mitigation will be a condition of the issuance of an any processing using biodiversity will be easy (but could enviromnental agreement. chemicals) be costly). . injury and illness as a . injuries and illness; . provision of This may come under regulations relating to result of poor working lost work time; lost appropriate safety occupational safety. conditions family incomes features and protective clothing; training on the use of equipment; awareness of dangers Mitigation relatively difficult.

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: NONE Risk: HIGH

30 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Table 10.17 | Fuel, lubricants, etc. Significance of Overall Potential Impacts: HIGH

Potential Direct Potential Indirect Potential Mitigation Required Remarks, Impacts Impacts - Consequences .. ._._____._._._' Soil contamination Loss of soil productivity Proper storage and Lost revenue handling of fuel; containment of fuel containers within concrete bunded area Ground and surface Loss of domestic and Proper storage and water contamination irrigation water supply; handling of fuel; illness to humans and containment of fuel livestock; lost revenue; containers within altered and damaged concrete bunded area aquatic ecosystems

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: NONE Risk: LOW - MODERATE

31 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Table 10.18 | Veterinary Services Significance of Overall Potential Impacts: HIGH

PotentfiIlUMrec Poenlial IndireZ1".1 'PoIiAnfia ___~~ ~ redtga Imilillac.I. I._acts fequeUEMS V' s- Meat and dairy products Human illness Organic methods of Only approved drugs and hormones should be used containing hormones livestock husbandry but even these could have some long term, and yet and other chemicals should be applied; unknown, effects on humans minimal application of only necessary drugs

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: NONE Risk:LOW

Table 10.19 Breeding Services Significance of Overall Potential Impacts: NONE

I Pote,n,tial PoWenial Indr '< ' ioniReqiiMdV I'm acts qlC~~! esrpcs Not Applicable

ResidualImpact Assuming Full Mitigation: N/A Risk:N/A

32 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FORMAT

A. MITIGATION PLAN

Cost Institutional Comments Responsibility (e.g. secondary impacts) Phase Issue Mitigating Install Operate Install Operate Measure Construction

Operation_~~~~~~

Decommissioning

33 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

B. MONITORING PLAN Cost Responsibility Phase What Where How When Why Install Operate Install Operate parameter is the is the is the Is the is to be parameter parameter to parameter to paramete monitored? to be be monitored! be monitored- r to be monitored? type of frequency of monitoring measurement monitore equipment? or d continuous? (optional

Baseline (Usually for Category A Projects only)

Construct

Operate

34 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Decommission

35

Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

C. INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING

1. Equipment Purchases (Tabular Presentation Preferred)

List: * Type of equipment * Number of Units * Unit cost * Total Cost * Local or International Purchase

2. Training/Study Tours

List: * Type of Training (Mitigation, Monitoring, Environmental Management, Other) * Number of Students Current and Future Organizational Unit in Which They Work or Current and Future Title/Job Description * Duration of Training * Start Date/End Date (for each student) * Venue of Training (Domestic or Abroad) * Institute or Organization to Provide Training * Cost (Local and Foreign)

3. Consultant Services

* Type of Service * Terms of Reference * Justification * Cost

4. Special Studies * Justification * Terms of Reference * Cost

37 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

D. SCHEDULE

Present (preferably in Chart Form) Start Dates and Finish Dates for:

* Mitigation Activities * Monitoring Activities * Training Activities

This information should be on the same chart defining the overall project schedule (Project Implementation Plan)

E. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

A narrative discussion supported by organizational charts detailing:

* Responsibilities for mitigation and monitoring * Environmental information flow (reporting-from who and to who and how often) * Decision making chain of command for environmental management (to take action, to authorize expenditures, to shut down, etc.)

In short, how is all the monitoring data going to be used to maintain sound environmental performance-who collects the data, who analyzes it, who prepares reports, who are the reports sent to and how often, and who does that person send it to, or what does he/she do with the information-who has the authority to spend, shutdown, change operations etc.

F. CONSULTATION WITH LOCAL NGOs AND PROJECT-AFFECTED GROUPS

Provide documentation of the following: * Date(s) consultation(s) was (were) held * Location(s) consultation(s) was (were) held * Who was invited Name, Organization or Occupation, Telephone/Fax/e-mail number/address (home and/or office)

* Who attended Name, Organization or Occupation, Telephone/Fax/e-mail number/address (home and/or office) * Meeting Program/Schedule What is to be presented and by whom

* Summary Meeting Minutes (Comments, Questions and Response by Presenters)

38 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

39 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

A2 Documentation of Public Consultation

Meeting Attendance SSCADP EA Public Consultations Mostar July 31, 2002

Ime IName Institucija lInstitution Kontakt informacije

Zeljko Ostojic Pubic Enterprise for the "Water 036/ 397-892 catchment area of the Adriatic Sea" Mirko garac Pubic Enterprise for the "Water 036/397-881, fax 397- catchment area of the Adriatic Sea" 883 Stjepan Bagaric Federation Ministry of Agriculture, 219-581 Water Supply and Forestry Samir Sunagic Water Supply and Forestry of Herzegovina-Neretva Can Marijan Bilic Beekeeper - Beekeeping Bilic

Ivan Bilic Beekeeper - Beekeeping Bilic

Zeljko Ostojic Individual

Miro Milicevic Vodoprivreda company, Ljubuski

Tomo Rupcic Vodoprivreda, Company Ljubuski

Zdenko Grbavac Chamber of Commerce of the West- 039 682-246 Herzegovina Canton 063 329-360 Mile Bubalo Municipality Ljubuski

Srecko Jelcic FBiH Chamber of Commerce

Pero Raguz FDS, Stolac

Davor Vasilj <> Company. 039 832-791 Ljubuski 063-323-521 Tomo Rupcic Water works Ljubuski 039 833-407

Mladen Gaspar Hepok - Winery Ljubuski 039 831-652 fax 831-644 Franjo Trescec Hercegovina Produkt Company. 036 650-980 Ljubuski

40 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Marko Ivankovic Trade - West Herzegovina Canton

Pero Beno Trade -Herzegovina Neretva Canton

Milenko Soce "Plantaze Capljina" dd, Company

Dragan Kresic S.O. Capljina

Dragan Dadic P.Z. "Sunce", Capljina

Tormislav Vego O.V, Capljina

Karlo Popovic Agricultural Institute, Mostar

Marijo Leko Agricultural Institute, Mostar

Zijo Demirovic Municipality Mostar - South-East

Vjekoslav Bakula Ministry of Physical Planning and 039 682-164 Environment of WH Canton Natasa Slipicevic Ministry of Agriculture, Hercegovina Neretva Canton Ribi6 Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Water works and Forestry Jozo Juric Public Communal Enterprise 039 831-127 "Ljubuski" doo Mladen Vasic Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Water 233-801 works and Forestry Erina Lasic Individual / citizen 219-581

Branimir Jokic Individual / Citizen

Ivan Stankovic Individual /Citizen

Zijo Isic Municipality Mostar - South-East

Almir Kazazic Agronomist, Konjic

Emil Novalic Municipality Mostar-North

Predrag Supljeglav Agricultural Cooperative "Tresnja product" Dragan Supljeglav Agricultural Cooperative "Tresnja product" Adis Saric Federation Ministry of Social Afairs, Refugees and Displaced Persons

41 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Rasim Delic Federation Ministry of Social Afairs, Refugees and Displaced Persons Kemal Balavac Agricultural Cooperative "Dubrave", Stolac Halil Turajlic President of the Supervisory Board of Agricultural Cooperative "Dubrave" Huso Kapic PKF BiH

Mehmed Bebmen Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Mostar Huso Kapic JAFFA-Komerc, Blagaj

Dino Djipa PRISM Research

Bosko Zaradic Individual

"Health Foods", Mostar

Enver Zeco "Health Foods", Mostar

Ahmed Dzubur "Dzemal Bijedic" University, Agromediteranian Culture Department Hamid Tikvesa Individual/ Citizen

Hamo Abaza Individual / Citizen

Vladimir Trninic Faculty of Agriculture, Mostar

Andrija Raguz Stolacki podrumi

Nikola Raguz ZOHSS, Mostar

Marko Matic Faculty of Agriculture, Mostar

Jakov Pehar Agricultural Institute

Esma Kreso Bosna-S Oil Services Co.

Domagoj Bacic Bosna-S Oil Services Co.

Savo Radovic Bosna-S Oil Services Co.

Ivica Katalinic Bosna-S Oil Services Co.

42 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Meeting Attendance SSCADP EA Public Consultations Trebinie August 1, 2002

Rade Drinjak Municipality Trebinje 059 220-345

Predrag Supljeglav Agricultural Cooperative "Tresnja product" Savo Drinjak predsjenik Regionalne Privredne komore Trebinje Ilija Sukic referent za poljoprivredu u RPK Trebinje

Borislav Obradovi6 Reginalna Savjetodavna sluzba Trebinje

Olga Vidacic Regionalan Savjetodavna sluzba Trebinje

Mihajlo Mijanovi6 nacelnik Opstine Trebinje

Ljiljana Perovic nacelnik Odelenja za privredu i drustvene djelatnosti Rade Drinjak referent za poljoprivredu, Opstina Trebinje

Vesko Budinci6 nacelnik Opstine Ljubinje

Risto Perisic nacelnik za privredu Opstine Ljubinje

Ranko Lucic nacelnik Opstine Berkovic

Dobroslav Muratovic referent za privredu Opstine Berkovici

Ratko Vukoje nacelnik Opstine Bileca

Milivoje Radovanovi6 nacelnik za privredu Opstine Bile6a

Milutin Donlaga visi strucni saradnik za privredu Opstine Bileca Lazar Jokanovi6 Agroprom " Bileca

Simo Sulovic "Divin" Bileca

Dragan Bjelica "Berkovi6i"" Berkovi6i

Dragan Bukvic " Trebinje" Trebinje

Blaze Jokanovic " Lastva" Trebinje

43 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Stevo Drapic " Ljubinje-koka" Ljubinje

Mihajlo Duci6 Udruzenje p6elara Trebinje

Veljko Vasiljevi6 Udruzenje gradana INVEST Trebinje

Rade Andeli6 Ijekovito bilje i etericna ulja, Trebinje

Dorde Mari6 Ijekovito bilje i etericna ulja, Trebinje

Viado Siskovi6 farmna koka, Trebinje

Drago Dangubic proizvodnja pilica, Bile6a

Zarko Dzaji6 farmer, Trebinje

Vlado Jankovi6 farmer, Trebinje

Ratko Jokanovic farmer, Trebinje

Radivoje Maksimovic pdelar, Trebinje

Nenad Vukoje vlasnik Mljekare Padeni, Bileca

Vico Obrad vlasnik Mljekare "Vipeks" Trebinje

Zeljko Rogan vlasnik AD "Rogan" Berkovici (proizv. i prerada mesa) Savo Tarana vlasnik "DTS" Trebinje (proizvodnja i prodaja mesa)

Dusan Koljibabic direktor DOO "Ljubinje-koka " Ljubinje

Milan Stupar direktor AD "Popovo polje" Trebinje

Tomo Berak direktor AD "Agrokop" Trebinje

Gojko Lecic direktor AD "Plantaze" Ljubinje

Milivoje Janjos direktor AD "Hepok" Berkovi6i

44 Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

Literature

1. Study A Ljubuski prepared by Consulting firm Anton Vukojevic - Ljubuski

2. Study B Ljubuski prepared by Consulting firm Anton Vukojevic - Ljubuski

3. Study A Trebinje prepared by Consulting firm Institute for Water Management Bijeljina (Office Trebinje - Bratic Radivoje)

4. Study B Trebinje prepared by Consulting firm Institute for Water Management Bijeljina (Office Trebinje - Bratic Radivoje 5. The World Bank Operation Manual ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESMENT OP4.01 January 1999 6. The World Bank Operation Manual PROJECTS ON INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS - Applicability of Policy OP7.50 June 2001 7. FAO Program Environmental Assessment for Irrigation and Drainage (http://www.fao.org/docrepNV8350E/v8350e01.htm 7/4/02) 8. ENCIKLOPEDIJA JUGOSLAVIJE - SR Bosna i Hercegovina - JLZ Zagreb 1983 9. ENERGOINVEST Technology, Science Engineering No 4 November 1972 10. ENERGOINVEST Technology, Science Engineering No 18 November 1981 11. WATER PROTECTION ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Sarajevo, December 2001 - Hydro Engineering Institute Sarajevo 12. Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data on the Trebisnjica and Neretva Basin - Republika srpska - Zavod za Vodoprivredu Bijeljina 2002 13. Symposium on influence of artificial lakes on human environment - "Saopstenja" - Reports Trebinje 1978

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