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Xxiv Description of a Minute Hymenopterous Insect from 'Calcutta

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Xxiv Description of a Minute Hymenopterous Insect from 'Calcutta XXIV DESCRIPTION OF A MINUTE HYMENOPTEROUS INSECT FROM 'CALCUTTA By N. ANNANDALE, D.Se., Superintendent, Indian Museum. On August 25th while I was examining some microscopic specimens in oil of cloves, a minute insect appeared in the field of vision; having fallen into the oil as minute insects often do. An ~xamination showed that this little animal, which is perhaps the smallest insect yet known, beloni!ed to the family Myrmaridre 'and was related to the species described and figured by West­ wood 1 as Alaptus exeisus. I have therefore ventured to describe it as the type of a new species of the same genus, for it is unlikely that it will be discovered by any professed student of the Hymenoptera, or, indeed, by anyone not engaged in microscopi­ cal work in India. Alaptus magnanimus, sp. nov. (Plate xxiii.) Size very minute (length 0'2I mm.; expanse, including wing fringe, 0'85 mm.). Head viewed from above ~hort and' broad, the antedor margin appearing truncate owing to the fact that the anterior face is ver­ tical; viewed from in front deep. Antennre minutely hairy, with nine joints (in the d'); the basal joint subcylilldrical, taper:ng slightly at the tip, bending upwards and outwards from its point of origin, which is situated far forward on the head; second joint much shorter, pear-shaped, with the narrow end proximal; third and fourth joints subcylindrical, the latter nluch the shortest in the antenna; the other joints (fifth to ninth) pear-shaped, narrower at the base than at the tip, gradually increasing in size. Eyes large, elon­ gatelyoval, separated by lnore than their own transverse dialneter, curved when viewed from the side. Three ocelli, one close to the inner margin of each eye and one in the middle of the vertex; a minute bristle in front of each of the lateral ocelli. (The mouth parts are not visible in the type.) Thorax.-Pronotum transverse , angulate, alnlost linear,. .pro- duced at either side and bearing at the tip of the proJectlon a bunch of minute hairs Mesothorax much longer, transversely lozenge-shaped but with the posterior angle replaced by a bro~d concavity. Scutellum narrow, especially in front; the antenor margin depressedly convex forwards; a single bristle 011 either 1 Trans, Linn. Soc. Lond" Zoo1. (2), vol. i, p, 586, pI. Ixxiii. figs. IO,II (1 879). 300 Records of the Indian-Museum.; [VOL. III, 190 9.] side of the disk near, its centre. Postscutellum imperfectly sepa­ rated transverse, band-like, with a single bristle on either side. Meta~otum large, transverse, with the anterior margin sinuous and the posterior convex. (The- ventral surface and the sides are concealed in the type. ) Ul 1:ngs.--Fore wings long and slender with the tip obliquely rounded; the ba.se very narrow, becoming somewhat dilated just behind the point at which the margin~l fringe commences on the posterior margin. The hairs that 'form this fringe numbering about 45, long and slender, becoming sborter towards the base of the wing on both margins, the longest (at the tip) being rather less than half as long as the wing without the fringe; within the fringe, near the edge of the wing, a row of· minute bristles, and two similar bristles near the centre of the disk; on the anterior surface a single long bristle at the widest PSI-rt of the w~ng. Posterior wing almost linear, very little dilated distally; the tip narrowly rounded; the fringe without an inner row of bristles, consist­ ing on the anterior margin of 5 short hairs followed, distally, by about 20 long ones, and on the posterior margin of about I I moderate hairs, which' are only a little longer at the distal end than. towards the base; the basal half of the posterior margin bare; a minutely serrated ridge runs down the middle of the dis- tal half of the wing. Legs moderately long, with the femora, ,tibire and tarsi sub­ equal; the tarsi minutely hairy, consisting of 5 subequal joints and bearing two minute claws at the tip. .The tibire of the middle and hind legs clothed with minute recumhent hairs and bearing a pair of small bristles at the tip;\ those of the middle legs bearing a single, longer bristle on the anterior surface. Abdomen' (d") stout and rounded; the sides clothed with scale­ like hairs; the first dorsal segment bearing a single bristle on either side near the posterior margin; the penultimate segment with a pair of unequal bristles on either side, the longer bristle being posterior to and nearer the middle of the segment than the shorter one. Remarks.-As the specimen was not discovered until it had fall~n into clove oil, which had rendered it partially transparent. I cannot describe its coloration in detail. The head (including the antennre), th~ thorax and the abdomen appear, however, to have been dark in colour, and· the limbs pale. The wing fringes have evidently been dark also, and it is just possible to detect a faint white band running round those of the fore wings at a short dis­ tance from the base of the hairs. Unfortunately both antennre w,ere broken in mounting the specimen, but notes were taken on their structure before this occurred. In the type (Reg. No . .!.~~.!. of the Indian Museum insect register), which is mounted on a glass . slide". for microscopic . examination ' only the first two joints remain ~n s~tu, With the third to sixth joint..'i of one antenna free. Except the left fore wing, the wings have also become separated, bu t all are preserved. < o- - ....--- A laptus magnanimus. cI', )( 240, with the third to sixth joints of the antenna more highly magnified. XXV THE- INSECT FAUNA OF TIRHUT I.-RHYNCHOTA HETERQPTERA. 'By ~: MAXwELL-LnFROY, M".A., F.E.S., F.Z.S., Imperial Entomologist. INTRODUCTION. In another place (Indian· Insect Lite) I have discussed the general difierence there is between the insect fauna of tropical India, and- that of the sub-tropical moist hill slopes. I have also indicated the faunal zones of India as I believe thev occur with I"IgaYa: ..-to insects. In this memoir, a beginning is b~ing made to e1abor~te these subjects, first by enumerating the insect "fauna of a place lying well within the tropical area, secondly by contrasting that fauna, as far as may be, with neighbouring tropical areas and by discussing its origin. As is abundantly clear from a perusal of the localities in the "Fauna of India ," nearly all the species are frQm sub-tropical or temperate places, very few from tropical India. The localities in the "Fauna)' volumes do not, except in such as have been published so recently as to include our collections, ··enable us to contrast the tropical and sub-tropical faunre; but the enumeration of the fauna of one spot, very carefully worked for a series of years, will afford some data. The regional faunre of India are, except in Lepidoptera, very little known; a compiled l1st of the fauna of one place (with other records of occurrence in tropical localities) will therefore be of permanent value; we have the material for all orders; we hope to do the Aculeate Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Rhyn­ chota Homoptera; we also hope to do the renlaining orders, when we have secured the co-operation of systematists in working out our collections. In this memoir, I enumerate the Heteropterous fauna of Pusa, following the order of the volumes on Rhynchota, by \1.1. L. Distant, in the" Fauna of India" ; I give other localities from which specimens have been collected and are in the Pusa collections, giving dates of capture where possible. I have included species found at Chapra by Mr. M. Mackenzie where we have not found them as Chapra lies in the same area. Pusa lies in the (' Gangetic Plain' West" north of the Ganges, in the Tirhut division of Bel1g~1; it i~ at a distance of over 50 miles from the Himalayas, and so is well removed from any sub-tropical area; it lies nearly 40 miles north of the Ganges, and is in a fiat, densely, cultivated tr~ct which. should have a uniform fauna (see Ind'tan Insect Lt/e, page 25). 302 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOL. III, PENTATOMID£~ PLATASPIDINlE. I. Brachyptaty s pauper, Voll. Pusa. 3-viii-05-II-viii-oS-23-vii-oS. Podanur, Madras. 30-vii-07. Khasi Hills. iv-07. The Fauna gives Ceylon, Andamans, and th~' Malay Archi-· pelago. It -is clearly not a sub-tropical species, but a w~l1-~arked tropical one probably. 2. Brachyptatys subaeneus, Westw. Pusa. 2-viii-oS-26-vi-07-vii-08. The Fauna gives this a wide distribution; it is known, for in­ stance, from Mungphu and Calcutta, though not from.jany other place in th~ Himalayas. It would probably be a Mruayan or Indo­ Chinese specie~? penetrated up through Bengal and esseritiaUN tropical. 3. Copto$oma cribrarium, Fabr. Pusa. 14-v-oS-'23-vi-07-vii-06. Surat. I5-xii-03. Muzaffarpur. I9-xi-04. Ranchi. xi-06. N adiad. 6-xii-03: Mahim. 22-ii-04. Jala1pur. 7-v-04. Jullundur. Ig-vii-05. _ The Fauna gives Calcutta, Bombay, BaTwai, Burhanpur , Bangalore, Nilgiris, N~gas, Burma, China, Formosa. In India, a very common tropical species, clearly -not originat­ ing in sub-tropical India. Its season for activity and breeding is July to October as a rule, but the imago lives over and is captured at all times. 4. Coptosoma siamicum, Wlk. Pusa. 16-vi-oS-22-vii-<?S--2-viii-o5-23-xi-o4-I-xii-o6-2-ix- 07, etc.
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