Smoking Fact Sheet Results from the Canadian Community Health Survey Sudbury & District Health Unit

Tobacco is widely recognized as one of the leading causes of cancer. It is responsible for about one-third of cancers including lung, mouth and throat, laryngeal, bladder, kidney, and pancreatic. Tobacco use is the main cause of lung cancer.1 Smoking also increases the risk of respiratory diseases, heart disease, and stroke.2 This fact sheet examines similarities and differences in smoking between residents of the Sudbury & District Health Unit (SDHU) areaa and the province of . Four measures related to smoking are reported: Smoking Status, Second-hand Smoke at Home, Second-hand Smoke in Public Places, and Second-hand Smoke in Vehicles. Data were drawn from the 2003, 2005, 2007/08, and 2009/10 Canadian Community Health Surveys (CCHS) for individuals aged 12 years and over. Fast Facts xxThe percentage of people who were current smokers (daily or occasional) was significantly higher in the SDHU area (26%) than in Ontario (19%) in 2009/10. xxThere was no difference in the proportion of SDHU area residents (7%) compared to Ontario residents (5%) who were exposed to second-hand smoke at home in 2009/10. xxThe proportion of the SDHU area population exposed to second-hand smoke in public places declined between 2003 and 2009/10. In 2009/10, 12% of SDHU area residents reported being exposed to second- hand smoke in public places; this was the same as Ontario (12%). xxPhysical, social, and economic conditions influence people’s opportunities to be healthy. Behaviours such as smoking are influenced by personal and financial stressors, access to smoking cessation and other supports, and the availability of healthy coping mechanisms and strategies.

Figure 1. Percentage of individuals who identified are current smokers Smoking Status (daily or occasional), aged 12+, by household income groups, The SDHU area had a significantly higher SDHU 2009/10. 100 prevalence of smokers (26%) compared to Ontario (19%) in 2009/10. Between 2003 and 2009/10, the prevalence of smokers did 80 not change significantlyb in the SDHU area. ) (% 60 ge

Approximately 46% of the individuals in ta 45.9 en the less than $20,000 household income rc 40 group were smokers compared to 27% of Pe 26.5 20.8 the individuals in the $20,000 to $49,999 20 household income group and 21% of the individuals in the $50,000 or more 0 household income group (Figure 1). Less than $20,000 $20,000-$49,999E $50,000 or More E Use with caution. High sampling variability associated with the estimate. Source: Canadian Community Health Survey, 2009/10 a SDHU area includes the Census Divisions (CDs) of , , and Manitoulin District.3 b The values are statistically different and the difference is unlikely to have occurred by chance. Smoking Fact Sheet February 2013 Sudbury & District Health Unit Second-hand Smoke at Home Figure 2. Percentage of non-smokers exposed to second-hand smoke in the home, aged 12+, SDHU vs. Ontario, 2003, 2005, 2007/08, Children who breathe second-hand smoke and 2009/10 are more likely to suffer from health problems 100 such as sudden infant death syndrome and asthma, as well as cancer and cardiac 80

disease later in life. Second-hand smoke ) (% can also influence a child’s ability to reason 60 ge and understand, and can negatively impact ta en

4 rc 40

behaviour and attention span. Pe

Figure 2 shows the percentage of non-smokers 20 aged 12 and over who reported that at least one person in their home smoked every day or 0 2003 2005 2007/08 2009/10 almost every day. There was no difference in SDHU 14.5 12.2 10.36.7 E the proportion of non-smokers in the SDHU Ontario 9.17.3 5.85.3 area (7%) who were exposed to second-hand E Use with caution. High sampling variability associated with the estimate. smoke in the home compared to Ontario (5%) Source: Canadian Community Health Survey, 2003, 2005, 2007/08 and 2009/10 in 2009/10. However, these results should be used with caution due to small sample size. Figure 3. Percentage of individuals exposed to second-hand smoke The percentage was not different in the SDHU in public places, aged 12+, SDHU vs. Ontario, 2003, 2005, 2007/08, and 2009/10 area between 2003 and 2009/10, but there was 100 significant decline provincially between 2003 and 2009/10. 80

Only 58% of the households in the less than ) (% 60

$20,000 income group were smoke-free ge ta en

compared to the 71% of the households in the rc 40 $50,000 or more income group (Figure 4). Pe Second-hand Smoke in 20

0 Public Places 2003 2005 2007/08 2009/10 As of May 31, 2003, all public places and SDHU 17.6 10.411.7 11.7 workplaces in Greater Sudbury were required Ontario 17.7 13.011.5 12.3 to be smoke-free in accordance with the Source: Canadian Community Health Survey, 2003, 2005, 2007/08, and 2009/10 Smoke Free Public Places and Workplaces Figure 4. Percentage of individuals exposed to second-hand smoke 5 By-law. Three years later, provincial laws in private vehicles, aged 12+, SDHU vs. Ontario, 2003, 2005, followed suit with the Smoke-Free Ontario 2007/08, and 2009/10 Act.6 100

Figure 3 shows the proportion of the non- 80 smoking population aged 12 and over that

reported being exposed to second-hand ) 60 (% smoke in public places every day or almost ge every day in the past month. The proportion ta 40 en of the SDHU area population exposed to rc Pe second-hand smoke in public places declined 20 between 2003 and 2009/10. In 2009/10, 12% of SDHU area residents reported being exposed 0 2003 2005 2007/08 2009/10 to second-hand smoke in public places; this is SDHU 14.6 10.5 11.96.1E not different from Ontario (12%). Ontario 9.67.8 7.56.5 E Use with caution. High sampling variability associated with the estimate. Source: Canadian Community Health Survey, 2007/08, and 2009/10 Smoking Fact Sheet February 2013 Sudbury & District Health Unit Second-hand Smoke in Vehicles Second-hand smoke in vehicles can be up to 27 times more concentrated than in a smoker’s home.4 The proportion of non-smokers exposed to second-hand smoke in private vehicles every day or almost every day in the previous month in Ontario declined from 2003 (10%) to 2009/10 (6%) (Figure 4). The SDHU area consistently had a higher proportion of non-smokers exposed to second-hand smoke in vehicles than Ontario between 2003 and 2007/08. The Ontario government made an amendment to the Smoke-Free Ontario Act in June 2008 making it illegal to smoke tobacco in a vehicle when a person less than 16 years old is present.6 In 2009/10 the proportion of SDHU area residents exposed to second-hand smoke in vehicles was the same as Ontario (6%). However, these results should be used with caution due to small sample size. References 1. Cancer Care Ontario. (2010). Cancer in Ontario: Overview. A statistical report. Retrieved November 21, 2012, from www.cancercare.on.ca/common/pages/userfile.aspx?fileId=81843. 2. Health . Smoking Diseases. Retrieved November 21, 2012, from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hc-ps/tobac-tabac/ body-corps/disease-maladie/index-eng.php 3. Sudbury & District Health Unit. (2008). Demographic profile. Sudbury: Author. 4. Ontario Ministry of Health Promotion. Smoking in cars legislation. Retrieved November 21, 2012, from http://www. mhp.gov.on.ca/en/smoke-free/simv/default.asp. 5. City of Greater Sudbury. By-law 2002-300. Retrieved November 21, 2012, from: http://www.greatersudbury.ca/ pdf_bylaws/By_law_20_184739.pdf. 6. Ontario Ministry of Health Promotion. Smoke–free Ontario Act. Retrieved November 21, 2012, from www.e-laws.gov. on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_94t10_e.htm.

Suggested Resources For More Information Sudbury & District Health Unit Darshaka Malaviarachchi, Epidemiologist 705.522.9200 Resources, Research, Evaluation and Development Division www.sdhu.com Sudbury & District Health Unit Tobacco Action Line 1300 Paris Street 705.522.3433 or Sudbury, ON P3E 3A3 1.866.522.3433 705.522.9200, ext. 256 Email: [email protected] Health Canada www.hc-sc.gc.ca Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada www.heartandstroke.ca The Lung Association www.on.lung.ca

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