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Southern Ground Hornbill Population and Habitat Viability Assessment

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Southern Ground Hornbill Population and Habitat Viability Assessment SOUTHERN GROUND HORNBILL POPULATION AND HABITAT VIABILITY ASSESSMENT Southern African Wildlife College 07 - 11 February 2005 SOUTHERN GROUND HORNBILL POPULATION AND HABITAT VIABILITY ASSESSMENT 7 – 11 February 2005 Southern African Wildlife College FINAL WORKSHOP REPORT Hosted by: ENDANGERED WILDLIFE TRUST CONSERVATION BREEDING SPECIALIST GROUP (CBSG) SOUTHERN AFRICA Sponsored by: Sasol National Zoological Gardens of South Africa Johannesburg Zoological Gardens The Endangered Wildlife Trust’s Ground Hornbill Working Group In collaboration with THE CONSERVATION BREEDING SPECIALIST GROUP SOUTHERN AFRICA (CBSG – SSC / IUCN) Southern Ground Hornbill PHVA © Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (CBSG-SSC / IUCN) and the Endangered Wildlife Trust. The copyright of the report serves to protect the Conservation Breeding Specialist Group workshop process from any unauthorised use. Morrison, K., Daly, B., Burden D., Engelbrecht, D., Jordan M., Kemp, A., Kemp, M., Potgieter, C. Turner A., and Friedmann, Y., (editors). 2005. Southern Ground Hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri) PHVA Workshop Report. Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (SSC / IUCN) / CBSG South Africa; Endangered Wildlife Trust. The CBSG, SSC and IUCN encourage workshops and other fora for the consideration and analysis of issues related to conservation, and believe that reports of these meetings are most useful when broadly disseminated. The opinions and recommendations expressed in this report reflect the issues discussed and ideas expressed by the participants at the Southern Ground Hornbill PHVA Workshop and do not necessarily reflect the opinion or position of the CBSG, SSC, or IUCN The photograph on the front cover of this report was supplied by Alan Kemp. Southern Ground Hornbill PHVA The CBSG Conservation Council These generous contributors make the work of CBSG possible Benefactors ($20,000 & above) National Tropical Botanical National Zoological Gardens of Columbus Zoological Gardens Garden Pretoria Minnesota Zoological Gardens North Carolina Zoological Park Odense Zoo Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo Oklahoma City Zoo Ouwehands Dierenpark SeaWorld, Inc. Oregon Zoo Prudence P. Perry Toronto Zoo Paignton Zool. & Botanical Riverbanks Zoological Park White Oak Conservation Center Gardens Rolling Hills Refuge Conservation Zoological Society of San Diego Parco Natura Viva Garda Zool. Center Park Staten Island Zoo Conservators ($15,000 - Perth Zoo Tierpark Rheine $19,999) Philadelphia Zoological Garden Wellington Zoo Saint Louis Zoo Phoenix Zoo Welsh Mountain Zoo Walt Disney’s Animal Pittsburgh Zoo World Parrot Trust Kingdom Rotterdam Zoo Zoologischer Garten Rostock Wildlife Conservation Royal Zoological Society of Society - NYZS Antwerp World Zoo Organization Royal Zoological Society of Curators ($250-$499) (WZO) Scotland Ellen Dierenfield Zoological Society of London Royal Zoological Society of S. Emporia Zoo Australia Lee Richardson Zoo Guardians ($7,000-$14,999) San Antonio Zoo Lincoln Park Zoo Chicago Zoological Society San Francisco Zoo Dr. Edward & Marie Plotka Cincinnati Zoo Schonbrunner Tiergarten Racine Zoological Society Cleveland Zoological Sedgwick County Zoo Roger Williams Park Zoo Society Sunset Zoo (10 year commitment) Tokyo Zoological Park Society Nan Schaffer Taipei Zoo Topeka Zoo, Friends of Toledo Zoological Society The WILDS Zoo de la Casa de Campo Thrigby Hall Wildlife Gardens Sponsors ($50-$249) Protectors ($1,000-$6,999) Twycross Zoo Union of German Zoo Directors African Safari ARAZPA Urban Services Dept. of Hong Alice Springs Desert Park Albuquerque Biological Park Kong American Loriinae Conservancy Allwetter Zoo Munster Wassenaar Wildlife Breeding Apenheul Zoo Audubon Zoological Gardens Centre Arbeitskreis Natur-u Artenschutz Bristol Zoo Wilhelma Zoological Garden in den Caldwell Zoo Woodland Park Zoo Belize Zoo Calgary Zoo Zoo Atlanta Bighorn Institute Chester Zoo Zoological Parks Board of New Brandywine Zoo Copenhagen Zoo South Wales Darmstadt Zoo Denver Zoological Gardens Zoological Parks & Gardens Board Folsom Children's Zoo & Detroit Zoological Park Of Victoria Botanical Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust Zoologischer Garten Koln Garden El Paso Zoo Zoologischer Garten Zurich Nigel Hewston Everland Zoo Jardin aux Oiseaux Federation of Zoological Gardens Stewards ($500-$999) Marvin Jones of Kew Royal Botanic Gardens Great Britain and Ireland Aalborg Zoo Lisbon Zoo Fort Wayne Zoological Society Alameda Park Zoo Memphis Zoo Fort Worth Zoo Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Miller Park Zoo Fossil Rim Wildlife Center Banham Zoo & Sanctuary National Birds of Prey Centre Gladys Porter Zoo Bee Barksdale Steven J. Olson Greater Los Angeles Zoo Cotswold Wildlife Park Palm Beach Zoo at Dreher Park Association Dickerson Park Zoo Parc Zoologique de Thoiry Houston Zoological Garden Dutch Federation of Zoological Pearcedale Conservation Park Japanese Association of Gardens Potter Park Zoo Zoological Parks & Aquariums Fota Wildlife Park Safari Parc de Peaugres Little Rock Zoo Givskud Zoo Teruko Shimizu Living Desert Granby Zoo Steinhart Aquarium Loro Parque Great Plains Zoo Tautphaus Park Zoo Marwell Zoological Park Knoxville Zoo Touro Parc-France Milwaukee County Zoo Lowry Park Jackson Zee National Aviary in Pittsburgh Southern Ground Hornbill PHVA Supporters ($25-$49) Franklin Park Zoo/Zoo New Celia Sanchez Sanchez England Warren D. Thomas Beardsby Zoological Gardens Oglebay's Good Children's Zoo Erie Zoological Gardens Thank You! May 2005 CBSG Southern Africa gratefully acknowledges the support of: Vodacom Elizabeth Wakeman Henderson Charitable Trust Lomas Wildlife Trust Davies Foundation Southern Ground Hornbill PHVA Table of Contents SECTION 1:...........................................................................................2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CBSG WORKSHOP PROCESS .....................2 SECTION 2:...........................................................................................7 PRESENTATIONS..................................................................................7 KERRYN MORRISON – ENDANGERED WILDLIFE TRUST GROUND HORNBILL WORKING GROUP (EWT / GHWG) .........................................................................................8 DEREK ENGELBRECHT AND JOHAN VAN WYK - CURRENT STATUS OF THE LIMPOPO SOUTHERN GROUND HORNBILL RESEARCH PROJECT IN LIMPOPO PROVINCE ...........9 ANDREW DEACON - CURRENT STATUS OF MONITORING IN KNP ..................................10 ANN TURNER - CURRENT STATUS OF HARVESTING AND REINTRODUCTION PROGRAMME.........................................................................................................................12 MORNE DU PLESSIS - CURRENT STATUS OF RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION WORK IN THE ASSOCIATED PRIVATE NATURE RESERVES (APNR) ...............................14 MICHELLE AND STEVE HENLEY - THE POTENTIAL INFLUENCE OF ELEPHANTS ON SOUTHERN GROUND HORNBILL NESTING SITES.............................................................16 SECTION 3:.........................................................................................21 WORKING GROUP REPORTS ...............................................................21 Biology Working Group Report ....................................................................22 Ecology Working Group Report....................................................................34 Education, Awareness and Legislation Working Group Report...............................46 Threats Working Group Report ....................................................................54 Population Dynamics and Modelling Working Group Report..................................64 Bibliography and References ......................................................................85 List of Acronyms .....................................................................................87 SECTION 4:.........................................................................................88 FINAL PLENARY: WAY FORWARD .......................................................88 Management strategy developed during an open discussion: ................................89 SECTION 5:.........................................................................................91 APPENDICES ......................................................................................91 Appendix 1: Ground Hornbill PHVA Participant List ............................................92 Appendix 2: Participants Goals and Hopes ......................................................99 Appendix 3: The Endangered Wildlife Trust and CBSG Southern Africa ..................102 Appendix 4: Workshop Programme .............................................................103 Southern Ground Hornbill PHVA 1 SOUTHERN GROUND HORNBILL PHVA 7 – 11 February 2005 Southern African Wildlife College WORKSHOP REPORT SECTION 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CBSG WORKSHOP PROCESS Southern Ground Hornbill PHVA 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY It is believed that if a Southern Ground Hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri) (hereinafter referred to as the Ground Hornbill) appears in the village it means that rain is coming. As a sacred bird, traditional healers believe that killing a Ground Hornbill is a bad omen and seeing a live Ground Hornbill is a symbol of prosperity and good luck. Why then are Ground Hornbills under severe threat with the only stronghold for the species being within formal conservation areas? The Ground Hornbill is distributed as far north in Africa as Rwanda, Burundi and Kenya, down the east coast as far south as the Eastern Cape in South Africa
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