DOCSLIB.ORG

Arsenic Tolerance in Arabidopsis Is Mediated by Two ABCC-Type Phytochelatin Transporters

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Arsenic Tolerance in Arabidopsis Is Mediated by Two ABCC-Type Phytochelatin Transporters Arsenic tolerance in Arabidopsis is mediated by two ABCC-type phytochelatin transporters Won-Yong Songa,b,1, Jiyoung Parka,1, David G. Mendoza-Cózatlc,1, Marianne Suter-Grotemeyerd, Donghwan Shima, Stefan Hörtensteinerb, Markus Geislerb, Barbara Wederb, Philip A. Reae, Doris Rentschd, Julian I. Schroederc,2,3, Youngsook Leea,2,3, and Enrico Martinoiaa,b,2,3 aPohang University of Science and Technology–University of Zurich Cooperative Laboratory, Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, World Class University Program, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea; bInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; cDivision of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116; dInstitute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland; and ePlant Science Institute, Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6018 Edited by Maarten Koornneef, The Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany, and approved October 19, 2010 (received for review September 20, 2010) Arsenic is an extremely toxic metalloid causing serious health pro- million people are estimated to face a risk of death from cancer blems. In Southeast Asia, aquifers providing drinking and agricul- caused by arsenic (3–5). tural water for tens of millions of people are contaminated with To reduce nutritional arsenic intake, identification of the arsenic. To reduce nutritional arsenic intake through the consump- mechanisms implicated in arsenic accumulation and detoxification tion of contaminated plants, identification of the mechanisms for of plants is a prerequisite. Considerable progress has been made arsenic accumulation and detoxification in plants is a prerequisite. during the last years in the identification of the molecular mecha- Phytochelatins (PCs) are glutathione-derived peptides that chelate nisms of arsenic (As) uptake, metabolism, and translocation (for heavy metals and metalloids such as arsenic, thereby functioning as reviews see refs. 6–8). After entering into roots through high- the first step in their detoxification. Plant vacuoles act as final detox- affinity phosphate transporters, arsenate [As(V)] is readily reduced ification stores for heavy metals and arsenic. The essential PC–metal to arsenite [As(III)]. Alternatively, under reducing conditions, As (loid) transporters that sequester toxic metal(loid)s in plant vacuoles (III) is taken up by membrane proteins belonging to the aquaporin have long been sought but remain unidentified in plants. Here we family (9, 10). In rice, it has been shown that As(III) is exported PLANT BIOLOGY show that in the absence of two ABCC-type transporters, AtABCC1 subsequently to the xylem by the silicon efflux transporter Lsi2, and AtABCC2, Arabidopsis thaliana is extremely sensitive to arsenic resulting in root-to-shoot transport of arsenic (11). The final step of and arsenic-based herbicides. Heterologous expression of these arsenic detoxification in the cell is the sequestration into vacuoles, ABCC transporters in phytochelatin-producing Saccharomyces cere- which depends mainly on glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins visiae enhanced arsenic tolerance and accumulation. Furthermore, (PCs). PCs are GSH-derived metal-binding peptides whose syn- membrane vesicles isolated from these yeasts exhibited a pro- thesis is induced by arsenic as well as other toxic metals (12, 13). nounced arsenite [As(III)]–PC2 transport activity. Vacuoles isolated PCs chelate As(III) and heavy metals with their thiol groups, and from atabcc1 atabcc2 double knockout plants exhibited a very low the metal(loid)–PC complexes are sequestered into vacuoles, pro- residual As(III)–PC2 transport activity, and interestingly, less PC was tecting cellular components from the reactive metal(loid)s. produced in mutant plants when exposed to arsenic. Overexpres- PC-mediated detoxification is unique to plants and a few other sion of AtPCS1 and AtABCC1 resulted in plants exhibiting increased PC-producing organisms but different from that of budding yeast arsenic tolerance. Our findings demonstrate that AtABCC1 and or humans, in which PCs or PC synthase (PCS) do not exist. The AtABCC2 are the long-sought and major vacuolar PC transporters. transporters responsible for active transport of PC-conjugated Modulation of vacuolar PC transporters in other plants may allow As(III) as well as for transport of PC-conjugated heavy metals engineering of plants suited either for phytoremediation or reduced into plant vacuoles (14–17) are yet to be identified but have been accumulation of arsenic in edible organs. proposed to be ABC transporters, as is the case with glutathione (GS)-conjugated As(III) (As(GS)3) in other organisms (18, 19). ABC transporter | vacuolar sequestration | multidrug resistance-associated For example, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae it has been shown that protein arsenic is detoxified by YCF1, an ABC protein transporting As (GS)3 into vacuoles (18). In humans, it has been shown that fi rsenic has been widely used in medicine, industry, and ag- HsABCC1 and HsABCC2 are involved in arsenic detoxi cation Ariculture. In medicine, it was used to treat diseases such as by transporting As(III) conjugated to GSH (19). Another ABC syphilis, trypanosomiasis, or amoebic dysentery. In agriculture, transporter, HMT1, has been proposed to act as a vacuolar PC Schizosaccharomyces pombe hmt1 arsenic-based herbicides, such as disodium methanearsonate transporter in , although an de- (DSMA), continue to be applied for weed and pest control. letion mutant continued to exhibit PC accumulation in vacuoles, However, arsenic is a highly toxic environmental pollutant that causes global health problems. In Southeast Asia as well as in regions with extensive mining, such as China, Thailand, and the Author contributions: W.-Y.S., J.P., D.G.M.-C., J.I.S., Y.L., and E.M. designed research; W.-Y.S., J.P., D.G.M.-C., M.S.-G., D.S., S.H., M.G., B.W., P.A.R., and D.R. performed research; United States, arsenic concentrations in water can be far above and J.P., J.I.S., Y.L., and E.M. wrote the paper. the World Health Organization limit of 10 μg/L (133 nM), con- Conflict of interest statement: Y.L., E.M., J.I.S., W.-Y.S., J.P., and D.G.M.-C. have filed a centrations that are known to cause health problems. People are patent on the reduction of arsenic in crops and the use of ABCCs for phytoremediation exposed to arsenic poisoning both by drinking contaminated based on the discovery reported in the manuscript. water and by ingesting crops cultivated in soils irrigated with This article is a PNAS Direct Submission. polluted water. It has been shown that arsenic in rice paddy fields 1W.-Y.S., J.P., and D.G.M.-C. contributed equally to this work. is readily taken up by rice plants and translocated to the grains, 2J.I.S., Y.L., and E.M. contributed equally to this work. constituting a danger for populations that rely mostly on rice for 3To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: [email protected], ylee@postech. their diet (1, 2). In Bangladesh alone an estimated 25 million ac.kr, or [email protected]. people are exposed to water contaminated with arsenic exceeding This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10. 50 μg/L, the Bangladesh government standard, and more than 2 1073/pnas.1013964107/-/DCSupplemental. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1013964107 PNAS Early Edition | 1of6 Downloaded by guest on September 29, 2021 and HMT1 did not confer arsenic resistance (20, 21). In plants, no ortholog for HMT1 has been identified. Here we report the identification of two ABC transporters re- quired for arsenic detoxification. These transporters are plant PC transporters that have been sought since the discovery of PCs (12, 22). Thus this finding provides a key to understanding the detoxifi- cation of many xenobiotic molecules, heavy metals, and metalloids, including arsenic, that are conjugated with PCs for detoxification. Results atabcc1 atabcc2 Double Knockout Mutant Is Hypersensitive to Arsenic and Arsenic-Based Herbicide. To identify candidate transporters likely involved in arsenic detoxification in plants, we focused on screening the ABCC subfamily of ABC transporters, also known as the multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs). This subfamily includes ABC transporters implicated in heavy metal resistance, such as ScYCF1, the yeast vacuolar As(GS)3 trans- porter (18), and the two human arsenic-detoxifying ABC trans- porters (19). Members of this family have also been shown to transport GSH conjugates and to confer cadmium resistance in plants and humans (23–26). In addition, for many ABCC proteins in Arabidopsis, vacuolar localization has been demonstrated or proposed on the basis of data obtained using either Western blotting of membrane fractions, GFP fusion proteins, or vacu- olar proteomics approaches (27–30). We have therefore isolated homozygous knockout lines for all 15 Arabidopsis ABCC genes and have grown these mutants in the presence of arsenic and arsenic- containing herbicides. Two different forms of arsenic were used because they have different entry pathways to the cell, as well as Fig. 1. Hypersensitivity of atabcc1 atabcc2 double knockout mutants to ar- differential metabolism. Whereas As(V) is taken up by the high- senic [As(V)] and DSMA, an arsenic-based herbicide. (A and B) Wild-type, affinity phosphate transporter (31, 32), DSMA is much more hy- AtABCC1 knockout (abcc1-3), AtABCC2 knockout (abcc2-2), and double drophobic and is rapidly absorbed by plant roots. Furthermore, As knockout (abcc1 abcc2) seedlings grown in 100 mg/L of DSMA (A) and 50 μM (V) is reduced to As(III) in the cell, whereas in DSMA arsenic is of As(V) (B) containing half-strength MS media for 16 d. Note that single already present in the As(III) form. Although no As(V)-sensitive knockout mutants of AtABCC1 or AtABCC2 are also sensitive to the arsenic atabcc knockout mutant was found, the growth of two deletion herbicide (A) but not to As(V) (B).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • From Sulfur to Homoglutathione: Thiol Metabolism in Soybean
    Amino Acids (2010) 39:963–978 DOI 10.1007/s00726-010-0572-9 REVIEW ARTICLE From sulfur to homoglutathione: thiol metabolism in soybean Hankuil Yi • Geoffrey E. Ravilious • Ashley Galant • Hari B. Krishnan • Joseph M. Jez Received: 19 December 2009 / Accepted: 16 March 2010 / Published online: 3 April 2010 Ó Springer-Verlag 2010 Abstract Sulfur is an essential plant nutrient and is soybean genome may guide the next steps in exploring this metabolized into the sulfur-containing amino acids (cys- biochemical system. teine and methionine) and into molecules that protect plants against oxidative and environmental stresses. Keywords Soybean Á Sulfur Á Cysteine Á Glutathione Á Although studies of thiol metabolism in the model plant Homoglutathione Á Metabolism Á Seed Á Biotechnology Á Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) have expanded our Food and feed understanding of these dynamic processes, our knowledge of how sulfur is assimilated and metabolized in crop plants, such as soybean (Glycine max), remains limited in com- Overview parison. Soybean is a major crop used worldwide for food and animal feed. Although soybeans are protein-rich, they Amino acid metabolism in plants not only provides basic do not contain high levels of the sulfur-containing amino metabolic building blocks for small molecules and pro- acids, cysteine and methionine. Ultimately, unraveling the teins, but also is a critical determinant of both the nutri- fundamental steps and regulation of thiol metabolism in tional composition of plants and the value of crops for food soybean is important for optimizing crop yield and quality. and feed purposes (Jez and Fukagawa 2008). For normal Here we review the pathways from sulfur uptake to glu- plant growth, sulfur, along with nitrogen, phosphorus, and tathione and homoglutathione synthesis in soybean, the potassium, is an essential nutrient.
    [Show full text]
  • Ijms-17-00257
    King’s Research Portal DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020257 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication record in King's Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Essig, Y., Webb, S. M., & Sturzenbaum, S. (2016). Deletion of phytochelatin synthase modulates the metal accumulation pattern of cadmium exposed C. elegans. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(2), [257]. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17020257 Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognize and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. •Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. •You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain •You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the Research Portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytochelatins, a Class of Heavy-Metal-Binding Peptides From
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 84, pp. 439-443, January 1987 Botany Phytochelatins, a class of heavy-metal-binding peptides from plants, are functionally analogous to metallothioneins (glutathione/detoxifitcation/homeostasis/cadmium) ERWIN GRILL*, ERNST-L. WINNACKERt, AND MEINHART H. ZENK* *Lehrstuhl fur Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universitat Munchen, D-8000 Munchen 2, Federal Republic of Germany; and tGenzentrum der Universitat Munchen, D-8033 Martinsried, Federal Republic of Germany Communicated by H. A. Barker, September 15, 1986 (receivedfor review May 28, 1986) ABSTRACT Phytochelatins are a class of heavy-metal- grown in Linsmaier and Skoog medium (11) on a gyratory binding peptides previously isolated from cell suspension shaker (100 rpm) at 23°C in continuous light (650 lux). cultures of several dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous Two-week-old seedlings of Brassica oleracea var. capitata, plants. These peptides consist of repetitive y-glutamylcysteine Lycopersicon esculentum, and Zea mays were cultivated in units with a carboxyl-terminal glycine and range from 5 to 17 Hoagland medium (12) at 22°C with a daily light period of 12 amino acids in length. In the present paper we show that all hr. Plants of Eichhornia crassipes were maintained in plants tested synthesized phytochelatins upon exposure to Hoagland solution (12) diluted 1:10. heavy metal ions. No evidence for the occurrence of metal- Gel Filtration. According to the method of Wagner (13), lothionein-like proteins was found. All data so far obtained leaves of B. oleracea were extracted, and the extract was indicate that phytochelatins are involved in detoxification and applied to a Sephadex G-50 (Pharmacia) column (2.5 x 51 cm) homeostasis of heavy metals in plants and thus serve functions equilibrated and developed with 25 mM potassium phosphate analogous to those of metallothioneins in animals and some buffer (pH 7.5).
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Sulphur Metabolism Is Stimulated by Photorespiration
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-019-0616-y OPEN Plant sulphur metabolism is stimulated by photorespiration Cyril Abadie1,2 & Guillaume Tcherkez 1* 1234567890():,; Intense efforts have been devoted to describe the biochemical pathway of plant sulphur (S) assimilation from sulphate. However, essential information on metabolic regulation of S assimilation is still lacking, such as possible interactions between S assimilation, photo- synthesis and photorespiration. In particular, does S assimilation scale with photosynthesis thus ensuring sufficient S provision for amino acids synthesis? This lack of knowledge is problematic because optimization of photosynthesis is a common target of crop breeding and furthermore, photosynthesis is stimulated by the inexorable increase in atmospheric CO2. Here, we used high-resolution 33S and 13C tracing technology with NMR and LC-MS to access direct measurement of metabolic fluxes in S assimilation, when photosynthesis and photorespiration are varied via the gaseous composition of the atmosphere (CO2,O2). We show that S assimilation is stimulated by photorespiratory metabolism and therefore, large photosynthetic fluxes appear to be detrimental to plant cell sulphur nutrition. 1 Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. 2Present address: IRHS (Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences), UMR 1345, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071 Angers, Beaucouzé, France. *email: guillaume. [email protected] COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
    [Show full text]
  • Deletion of Phytochelatin Synthase Modulates the Metal Accumulation Pattern of Cadmium Exposed C
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Deletion of Phytochelatin Synthase Modulates the Metal Accumulation Pattern of Cadmium Exposed C. elegans Yona J. Essig 1,2, Samuel M. Webb 3 and Stephen R. Stürzenbaum 1,2,* 1 Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; [email protected] 2 Medical Research Council-Public Health England (MRC-PHE) Centre for Environment & Health, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK 3 Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-207-848-4406 Academic Editor: Reinhard Dallinger Received: 14 January 2016; Accepted: 14 February 2016; Published: 19 February 2016 Abstract: Environmental metal pollution is a growing health risk to flora and fauna. It is therefore important to fully elucidate metal detoxification pathways. Phytochelatin synthase (PCS), an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of phytochelatins (PCs), plays an important role in cadmium detoxification. The PCS and PCs are however not restricted to plants, but are also present in some lower metazoans. The model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, for example, contains a fully functional phytochelatin synthase and phytochelatin pathway. By means of a transgenic nematode strain expressing a pcs-1 promoter-tagged GFP (pcs-1::GFP) and a pcs-1 specific qPCR assay, further evidence is presented that the expression of the C. elegans phytochelatin synthase gene (pcs-1) is transcriptionally non-responsive to a chronic (48 h) insult of high levels of zinc (500 µM) or acute (3 h) exposures to high levels of cadmium (300 µM).
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution and Function of Phytochelatin Synthase in Cyanobacteria and Viridiplantae
    EVOLUTION AND FUNCTION OF PHYTOCHELATIN SYNTHASE IN CYANOBACTERIA AND VIRIDIPLANTAE Ph.D. Student: Erika Bellini / Supervisors: Dott.ssa Laura Bruno; Prof. Luigi Sanità di Toppi Cycle: XXXIII A.Y.: 2017/2018 The enzyme phytochelatin synthase (PCS) is a cytosolic γ-glutamylcysteine dipeptidyl (trans)peptidase (EC 2.3.2.15), belonging to the clan CA of the papain-like cysteine proteases, known as a key enzyme for heavy- metal detoxification in plants. The PCS catalyzes the prompt enzymatic formation of some peculiar thiol- peptide compounds, the so-called “phytochelatins”, starting from the reduced glutathione (GSH) via a transpeptidase reaction. Phytochelatins (PCs) are thiol-peptides whose general structure is (γ-glutamate– cysteine)n–glycine, with n usually ranging from 2 to 5. Due to the thiol group of the cysteine residues, PCs can bind cadmium (Cd) and other thiophilic metals and prevent them from circulating in the cytosol. It is now well known that higher plants, as well as a number of marine and freshwater algae (Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta, Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta), some fungi, lichens and even some animal species do actually produce PCs in response to metal stress, in particular Cd. PCS is of particular interest from an evolutionary prospect due to its constitutive expression and its widespread presence in nature. Recently, the constitutive presence of functional PCS leading to full PC synthesis was confirmed in bryophytes and in lycophytes. Moreover, some PCS-like enzymes, sharing significant sequence homologies with plant PCSs, were identified in cyanobacteria and in some gamma- and beta- proteobacteria. Why would organisms spend so much energy in producing protective proteins even when they are not exposed to the respective stressors? This may suggest that conceiving a role of PCS and PCs exclusively addressed to toxic metal detoxification could be reductive; by contrast, we could hypothesize that PCS performs other, still largely unknown, essential functions.
    [Show full text]
  • Moonlighting Function of Phytochelatin Synthase 1 in Extracellular Defense
    Plant Physiology Preview. Published on January 28, 2020, as DOI:10.1104/pp.19.01393 1 Moonlighting function of Phytochelatin synthase 1 in extracellular defense against 2 fungal pathogens 3 a,b,1,* a,b,* b c,d 4 Kian Hematy , Melisa Lim , Candice Cherk , Mariola Piślewska-Bednarek , Clara 5 Sanchez-Rodrigueze2, Monica Steina3, Rene Fuchsf4, Christine Klapprodtf, Volker Lipkaf, 6 Antonio Molinae,g, Erwin Grillh, Paul Schulze-Lefertc, Paweł Bednarekc,d,5, Shauna 7 Somervillea,b,5 8 9 a Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, 10 CA 94350, USA 11 b Energy Biosciences Institute, 130 Calvin Hall, Mail Code 5230, University of California at 12 Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 13 c Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding 14 Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Köln, Germany 15 d Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61- 16 704 Poznań, Poland 17 e Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - 18 Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de 19 Montegancedo-UPM, E-28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain 20 f University of Goettingen, Schwann-Schleiden Research Center for Molecular Cell Biology, 21 Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Cell Biology, Julia- 22 Lermontowa-Weg 3, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany 23 g Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería 24 Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, E-28020-Madrid, Spain 25 h Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universtät München, D-85350 Freising, Germany 26 27 * KH and ML contributed equally to this work.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 of 7 Metallomics
    Metallomics Accepted Manuscript This is an Accepted Manuscript, which has been through the Royal Society of Chemistry peer review process and has been accepted for publication. Accepted Manuscripts are published online shortly after acceptance, before technical editing, formatting and proof reading. Using this free service, authors can make their results available to the community, in citable form, before we publish the edited article. We will replace this Accepted Manuscript with the edited and formatted Advance Article as soon as it is available. You can find more information about Accepted Manuscripts in the Information for Authors. Please note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the text and/or graphics, which may alter content. The journal’s standard Terms & Conditions and the Ethical guidelines still apply. In no event shall the Royal Society of Chemistry be held responsible for any errors or omissions in this Accepted Manuscript or any consequences arising from the use of any information it contains. www.rsc.org/metallomics Page 1 of 7 Metallomics 1 2 Metallomics RSCPublishing 3 4 5 MINI-REVEW 6 7 8 9 Metabolites and metals in Metazoa – what role do 10 phytochelatins play in animals? 11 Cite this: DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x 12 13 J. G. Bundy,a P. Killeb 14 15 Received 00th January 2012, Phytochelatins are sulfur-rich metal-binding peptides, and phytochelatin synthesis is one of the 16 Accepted 00th January 2012 key mechanisms by which plants protect themselves against toxic soft metal ions such as 17 cadmium. It has been known for a while now that some invertebrates also possess functional DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x 18 phytochelatin synthase (PCS) enzymes, and that at least one species, the nematode 19 www.rsc.org/ Caenorhabditis elegans, produces phytochelatins to help detoxify cadmium, and probably also 20 other metal and metalloid ions including arsenic, zinc, selenium, silver, and copper.
    [Show full text]
  • Glutathione Restores Hg-Induced Morpho-Physiological Retardations by Inducing Phytochelatin and Oxidative Defense in Alfalfa
    biology Article Glutathione Restores Hg-Induced Morpho-Physiological Retardations by Inducing Phytochelatin and Oxidative Defense in Alfalfa Md Atikur Rahman 1 , Ahmad Humayan Kabir 2 , Abul Mandal 3 , Swapan Kumar Roy 4 , Yowook Song 1, Hee Chung Ji 1 and Ki-Won Lee 1,* 1 Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea; [email protected] (M.A.R.); [email protected] (Y.S.); [email protected] (H.C.J.) 2 Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; [email protected] 3 Systems Biology Research Center, School of Biosciences, University of Skövde, 54128 Skovde, Sweden; [email protected] 4 Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-41-580-6757 Received: 23 September 2020; Accepted: 26 October 2020; Published: 28 October 2020 Simple Summary: An ecofriendly approach to mitigate mercury (Hg) toxicity in alfalfa, one of the important forage crops, is highly desirable for environmental sustainability. In this study, the exogenous glutathione (GSH) substantially improved the morphological hindrance and photosynthesis inefficiency in Hg-exposed alfalfa plants. In addition, the Fe and S status of Cd-toxic alfalfa was restored due to GSH supplementation. Interestingly, GSH applied to Hg-exposed plants showed elevated Hg concentration in roots resulted in a substantial deposition of Hg in the root cell wall due to the upregulation of MsPCS1 and MsGSH1 genes in roots. It implies that GSH induces PC accumulation in roots enabling excess Hg bound to the cell wall, thereby limiting the transport of Hg to the aerial part of alfalfa.
    [Show full text]
  • Reactivation of Metal-Requiring Apoenzymes by Phytochelatin-Metal Complexes
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Volume 284, number 1. 66-69 FEES 09804 June 1991 0 1991 Federation of European Biochemical Societies 00145793/91/53.50 ADONIS 001457939100513B Reactivation of metal-requiring apoenzymes by phytochelatin-metal complexes Josef Thumannl, Erwin GriIP, Ernst-L. Winnacketi and Meinhart H. Zenkl lLefrrst~hlfir Pharmazeutischr Biologic, Universitlit Miinchen, Karlstr. 29, 8000 Miinchen 2. Germany and 2Gen;entrum der Universitdt ~Utinchen, Am Klopferspit: 3.8033 Martinsried. Germany Received 8 April 1991 The enzymatically inactive, metal-requiring apoforms of diamino oxidase and of carbonic anhydrase were reactivated by copper- and zinc-phyto- chelatin complexes, respectively. The level and the rate of reactivation effected by metal complexes consisting of poly(y-glutamylcysteinyl)glycine as well as by the respective free metal ion were compared. An efficient transfer of zinc and copper from phytochelatin-complexes to apoenzymes was observed in vitro. Metallo-enzyme; Phytochelatin: Metal transfer; Reactivation; Homeostasis 1. INTRODUCTION forms of metal-requiring enzymes and zinc-finger- forming proteins, while a metal transfer to the vacuole We have postulated that metal-binding phytoche- may also occur [8]. A transfer of a metal ion from the latins (PCs) are involved in heavy metal detoxification metal-PC complex to a metal-requiring enzyme has up and homeostasis of essentia1 ions such as zinc and cop- to now not been demonstrated and the question is ad- per in plants [I ,2]. PCs are sulfur-rich peptides of the dressed in this paper. general structure (Y-Glu-Cys),,-Gly, n = 2-l 1 [1,3] which are induced by a variety of heavy metal ions and 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Zinc Affects Differently Growth, Photosynthesis, Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Phytochelatin Synthase Expression of Four Marine Diatoms
    The Scientific World Journal Volume 2012, Article ID 982957, 15 pages The cientificWorldJOURNAL doi:10.1100/2012/982957 Research Article Zinc Affects Differently Growth, Photosynthesis, Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Phytochelatin Synthase Expression of Four Marine Diatoms Thi Le Nhung Nguyen-Deroche,1 Aurore Caruso,1 Thi Trung Le,2 Trang Viet Bui,3 Benoˆıt Schoefs,1 Gerard´ Tremblin,1 and Annick Morant-Manceau1 1 Mer, Mol´ecules, Sant´e, EA 2160, LUNAM Universit´e, Facult´e des Sciences et Techniques, Universit´eduMaine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, France 2 Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Education of Ho Chi Minh City, 5th District, 280 An Duong Vuong, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 3 Plant Physiology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Natural Sciences, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, 5th District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Correspondence should be addressed to Annick Morant-Manceau, [email protected] Received 28 October 2011; Accepted 10 January 2012 Academic Editor: Mahir D. Mamedov Copyright © 2012 Thi Le Nhung Nguyen-Deroche et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Zinc-supplementation (20 μM) effects on growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase), and the expression of phytochelatin synthase gene were investigated in four marine diatoms (Amphora acutiuscula, Nitzschia palea, Amphora coffeaeformis and Entomoneis paludosa). Zn-supplementation reduced the maximum cell density. A linear relationship was found between the evolution of gross photosynthesis and total chlorophyll content.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Phytochelatins in Plant and Animals
    22 REVIEW The role of phytochelatins in plant and animals: A review Miguel Angel Merlosa,b, Petr Micháleka,b, Olga Kryštofováa,b, Ondřej Zítkaa,b, Vojtěch Adama,b, René Kizeka,b a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic - European Union b Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic - European Union The role of phytochelatins in plant and animals: A review Phytochelatins (PCs) are thiol-containing oligomers formed in post-translational synthesis from glutathione. They were firstly described in yeasts Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Subse- quently their presence was monitored in plants, microorganisms, but also in many animal species. It is well known, that in plants PCs exhibit significant function in manner of chela- ting of metals. Since they contain thiol functional groups originated from cysteine moieties they keep a metal homeostasis balanced. Although the presence of genes encoding PCs was confirmed in a few animal species, their function in these organisms was not satisfactorily elucidated. Some studies revealed that PCs in animal species are closely linked with detoxifi- cation processes in similar way as in plants. It was also shown that thiols in invertebrates are utilized as the biomarkers of heavy metals contamination. Accepted: 21. 11. 2014 Keywords: phytochelatin; phytochelatin synthase; heavy metal; plants; animals catalyze the synthesis of heavy metal-binding 1. Phytochelatins and phytochela- PCs3, 4. PCs, cysteine-rich peptides, are produced tin synthase from glutamine, cysteine and glycine. Unlike Increasing emissions of heavy metals such commonmetal-binding structures, MT and as cadmium, mercury, and arsenic into the GSH, PCs are not gene-encoded, but enzyma- environment pose an acute problem for all tically synthesized peptides5.
    [Show full text]