The Intelligent Network the Intelligent Choice
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Telenet Communications Corp
The user's role in connecting to a value added network Early next year data will start flowing at 56,000 bits a second over the circuits of a unique nationwide common carrier service Richard B. Hovey called a value added network. This new approach Telenet Communications Corp. to data communications combines old and new Washington, D.C. transmission facilities and adds to them a form of intelligence to improve the performance. The value added network (VAN) is different from present data transmission services and from private data networks in both the enhanced and extensive offerings to users and the sophisticated technology it employs. The technology, called packet switching, makes it possible for the value added carrier—the implementer and operator of the VAN—to provide any user, large or small, with the kind of fast-response, error-free, low-cost-per- transaction data transmissions now available only to companies that have invested in their own large private networks. In essence, the value added carrier (VAC) takes advantage of the substantial economies of scale re- sulting from one very large network— fully utiliz- ing such expensive resources as transmission lines and concentration equipment by sharing the net- work among the VAN'S subscribers. The VAC passes on a portion of the consequent savings to the indi- vidual user-subscribers through a tariff charge based mainly on traffic volume. Beyond the simple economics, leasing existing communications facilities allows the carrier to ob- tain just as much transmission capacity for each lo- cation as is required by the traffic load. This pro- vides the flexibility to adapt quickly to subscriber traffic and geographical demands, and permits the incorporation of new transmission offerings—such as satellites and AT&T'S Dataphone Digital Service- as they become available. -
News on Educational Use of Computers Among Michigan Colleges and Universities
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 097 862 IR 001 204 AUTHOR Zinn, Karl, Ed. TITLE News on Educational Use of Computers Among Michigan Colleges and Universities. INSTITUTION Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Center for Research on Learning and Teaching. PUB DATE Jul 74 NOTE 74p.; Special Summer Issue on /CM 74 JOURNAL CIT On-Line; v3n4 Jul 1974 EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 MC-$3.15 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS * Computer Assisted Instruction; Computer Oriented Programs; *Computer Programs; *Computers; Conference Reports; *Mathematics; *Sciences IDENTIFIERS MERIT Computer Network; *Michigan ABSTRACT A special issue of the journal "On Linen is devoted to reporting the 1974 Instructional Computing inMichigan conference. The conference was divided into numerous sessions, and there are individual reports summarizing the activities and papers of each session. The sessions reported are on the instructionalcomputing aspects of mathematics, physical and environmentalsciences, behavioral and social sciences, arts and music, community colleges, college teaching and learning activities, terminals andcommunication facilities, and the MERIT Computer Network. In addition, a feyof the papers presented at the mathematicsand sciences sessions are reprinted in this issue. (VH) Volume Nurnbcr 4 JuZy la74 NEWS ON EDUCATIONAL USE OF COMPUTERS AMONG MICHIGAN COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES 101611111E Special Summer Issue on 1CM 74 SPECIAL REPORTS Page ICM 74 Table of Contents Int oduction to the 1CM 74 Conference Record K. Zinn 1 Mathematics Reports by H. Dershem, R. DeVinney, L. Allen and A. Falk 3 Physical and Environmental Sciences Reports by J. Moore, D. Emerson, J. Herman, J. Clime, R. Rosenberg, J. Forsythe and N. Eick 14 Behavioral and Social Sciences Reports by D. -
Ascii, Baudot, and the Radio Amateur
ASCII, BAUDOT AND THE RADIO AMATEUR George W. Henry, Jr. K9GWT Copyright © 1980by Hal Communications Corp., Urbana, Illinois HAL COMMUNICATIONS CORP. BOX365 ASCII, BAUDOT, AND THE RADIO AMATEUR The 1970's have brought a revolution to amateur radio RTTY equipment separate wire to and from the terminal device. Such codes are found in com and techniques, the latest being the addition of the ASCII computer code. mon use with computer and line printer devices. Radio amateurs in the Effective March 17, 1980, radio amateurs in the United States have been United States are currently authorized to use either the Baudot or ASCII authorized by the FCC to use the American Standard Code for Information serial asynchronous TTY codes. Interchange(ASCII) as well as the older "Baudot" code for RTTY com munications. This paper discusses the differences between the two codes, The Baudot TTY Code provides some definitions for RTTY terms, and examines the various inter facing standards used with ASCII and Baudot terminals. One of the first data codes used with mechanical printing machines uses a total of five data pulses to represent the alphabet, numerals, and symbols. Constructio11 of RTTY Codes This code is commonly called the Baudot or Murray telegraph code after the work done by these two pioneers. Although commonly called the Baudot Mark Ull s,.ce: code in the United States, a similar code is usually called the Murray code in other parts of the world and is formally defined as the International Newcomers to amateur radio RTTY soon discover a whole new set of terms, Telegraphic Alphabet No. -
Teletypewriter Communication Codes
Teletypewriter Communication Codes Gil Smith [email protected] 2001 (Document Notes) Abstract Preliminary -- 5/01 gil smith Corrections or comments to [email protected] This information is pulled from a variety of sources, such as various emails of the greenkeys group. For more discussion of teletypewriter code development, see: http://www.nadcomm.com/fiveunit/fiveunits.htm http://fido.wps.com/texts/codes/index.html http://www.science.uva.nl/faculteit/museum/DWcodes.html FIVE-UNIT CODES: USTTY and ITA2 (aka BAUDOT) There were a few variations in character codes for five-level teletypewriter machines. The two most-common character codes were ITA2 and USTTY (a variation of ITA2). The USTTY and ITA2 5-level teletypewriter codes are commonly referred to as "Baudot" codes. While this is technically incorrect, these popular 5-level codes evolved from the work of Jean Maurice Emile Baudot of France - - it seems fitting to accept the defacto reference to "Baudot" as implying USTTY or ITA2 codes, since they were the 5-level codes that saw practical use in teletypewriter systems. However, the true Baudot code dates to around 1874, when Baudot designed the "Baudot Multiplex System," a printing telegraph. The system used a 5-level code generated by a device with five keys, operated with two left-hand fingers, and three right-hand fingers -- this required great skill on the part of the operator who entered the code directly. However, it was still a major improvement in communications -- prior to Baudot's design, communication was carried out using Morse code with a telegraph key. The 5-level "Baudot" code was actually designed by Johann Gauss and Wilhelm Weber. -
The People Who Invented the Internet Source: Wikipedia's History of the Internet
The People Who Invented the Internet Source: Wikipedia's History of the Internet PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sat, 22 Sep 2012 02:49:54 UTC Contents Articles History of the Internet 1 Barry Appelman 26 Paul Baran 28 Vint Cerf 33 Danny Cohen (engineer) 41 David D. Clark 44 Steve Crocker 45 Donald Davies 47 Douglas Engelbart 49 Charles M. Herzfeld 56 Internet Engineering Task Force 58 Bob Kahn 61 Peter T. Kirstein 65 Leonard Kleinrock 66 John Klensin 70 J. C. R. Licklider 71 Jon Postel 77 Louis Pouzin 80 Lawrence Roberts (scientist) 81 John Romkey 84 Ivan Sutherland 85 Robert Taylor (computer scientist) 89 Ray Tomlinson 92 Oleg Vishnepolsky 94 Phil Zimmermann 96 References Article Sources and Contributors 99 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 102 Article Licenses License 103 History of the Internet 1 History of the Internet The history of the Internet began with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s. This began with point-to-point communication between mainframe computers and terminals, expanded to point-to-point connections between computers and then early research into packet switching. Packet switched networks such as ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the UK, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of protocols. The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols for internetworking, where multiple separate networks could be joined together into a network of networks. In 1982 the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) was standardized and the concept of a world-wide network of fully interconnected TCP/IP networks called the Internet was introduced. -
AN OS/360 MVT TIME-SHARING SUBSYSTEM for DISPLAYS and TELETYPE Lij Gary D
,DOCUMENT RESUME ED 082 488 BM 011 457 , _ AUTHOR Schultz, Gary D. 1 TITLE The CHAT System:1)ln OS/360 MVT Time-Sharing Subsystem for Displays and Teletype. Technical Progress Report. INSTITUTION North Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill. Dept. of Computer Science. SPONS AGENCY National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO UNC-TPR-CAI-6 PUB DATE May 73 NOTE 225p.; Thesis submitted to the Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-:-$9.87 DESCRIPTORS Computer Programs; Input Output Devices; *Interaction; *Man Machine Systems;, Masters Theses; Program Descriptions; *Systems DeVelopment; Technical Reports; *Time Sharidg IDENTIFIERS *Chapel Hill Alphanumeric Terminal; CHAT; CRT Display Stations;. OS 360; PI. I; Teletype ABSTRACT The design and operation of a time-sharing monitor are described. It runs under OS/360 MVT that supports multiple application program interaction with operators of CRT (cathode ray tube) display stations and of .a teletype. Key. design features discussed include:1) an interface. allowing application programs to be coded in either PL/I or assembler language; 2) use of the teletype for:subsystem control and diagnostic purposes; and 3)a novel interregional conduit allowing an application program running under the Chapel Hill Alphanumeric Terminal (CHAT)_: monitor to interact--like a terminal operator--with a conversational language processor in another region of the OS/360 installation. (Author) FILMED FROM BEST A7AILABLE COPY University of North Carolina atChapel Hill Department of Computer Science CO -4. CNJ CO THE CHAT SYSTEM: AN OS/360 MVT TIME-SHARING SUBSYSTEM FOR DISPLAYS AND TELETYPE LiJ Gary D. -
Abbate Ch1-2
6 Introductum Wide Web are prominent examples of informally created applications that became popular, not as the result of some central agency's mar Heat and ,-,UIH..4< keting plan, but through the spontaneous decisions of thousands of a.ndMeanings of Hacket(Switching independent users. In reconstructing the history of the Internet, I have been struck time and again by. the unexpected twists and turns its development has taken. Often a well-laid plan was abandoned after a short time and replaced by a new approach from an unexpected quarter..Rapid advances, such as the introduction of personal computers and the invention of local-area networks, continually threatened to make existing network technologies obsolete. In addition, responsibility for operating the Internet changed hands several times over the course Of all the ARPANET's technical innovations, perhaps the most cele of its first thirty years or so. How, in the face of all this change and brated was packet switching. Packet switching was an experimental, uncertainty, did the system survive and even flourish? I believe that even controversial method for transmitting data across a network. Its the key to the Internet's success was a commitment to flexibility and proponents claimed that it would increase the efficiency, reliability, and diversity, both in technical design and in organizational culture. No speed of data communications, butit was also quite complex to imple one could predict the specific changes that would revolutionize the ment, and some communications experts argued that the technique computing and communications industries at the end of the twentieth would never work. -
BCIS 1305 Business Computer Applications
BCIS 1305 Business Computer Applications BCIS 1305 Business Computer Applications San Jacinto College This course was developed from generally available open educational resources (OER) in use at multiple institutions, drawing mostly from a primary work curated by the Extended Learning Institute (ELI) at Northern Virginia Community College (NOVA), but also including additional open works from various sources as noted in attributions on each page of materials. Cover Image: “Keyboard” by John Ward from https://flic.kr/p/tFuRZ licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. BCIS 1305 Business Computer Applications by Extended Learning Institute (ELI) at NOVA is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. CONTENTS Module 1: Introduction to Computers ..........................................................................................1 • Reading: File systems ....................................................................................................................................... 1 • Reading: Basic Computer Skills ........................................................................................................................ 1 • Reading: Computer Concepts ........................................................................................................................... 1 • Tutorials: Computer Basics................................................................................................................................ 1 Module 2: Computer -
Computer Time-Sharing (T-S) "An Engineering Tool" for the Engineering Applications of the Small Company
Scholars' Mine Masters Theses Student Theses and Dissertations 1970 Computer time-sharing (T-S) "an engineering tool" for the engineering applications of the small company James Binford Summers Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses Part of the Civil Engineering Commons Department: Recommended Citation Summers, James Binford, "Computer time-sharing (T-S) "an engineering tool" for the engineering applications of the small company" (1970). Masters Theses. 5477. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/5477 This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COMPUTER TIME-SHARING (T-S) "AN ENGINEERING TOOL" FOR THE ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF THE SMALL COMPANY BY JAMES BINFORD SUMMERS, 1938- A THESIS submitted to the faculty of the UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI - ROLLA in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING Rolla., Missouri 1970 T2478 c.l 62 pages Approved by ~Jt£.~ ~.(advisor)~~ 187982 ~tiM/ ii ABSTRACT The objectives of this investigation were to illustrate the capabilities of the time-sharing (T-S) industry, identify the means by which the small sized company, with a need to solve engineering problems, can best be served through T-S, and to present T-S to these potential users. Investigation was made of distinctive T-S services to formulate a com posite of the T-S industry. Examples of three distinctive T-S services were used within this composite to exemplify the variations of services within the industry. -
Teleprinters for the Radio Amateur
TELEPRINTERS FOR THE RADIO AMATEUR http://www.rtty.com/England/creed1.html WWW.RTTY.COM History Hall TELEPRINTERS FOR THE RADIO AMATEUR by Alan G Hobbs, G8GOJ [email protected] There are many different types of mechanical teleprinter which become available on the surplus market from time to time, but we will only concern ourselves with the ones which are most liable to be encountered. The teleprinters that we will be considering come from three manufacturers: Creed & Company of England, the Teletype Corporation of the U.S.A., and Siemens of Germany. There are three fundamental requirements which must be considered before purchasing a machine: 1. The electrical signaling characteristics. 2. The code that the machine uses. 3. The signaling speed at which the machine operates. Signaling Characteristics Machines manufactured in the U.K. normally use what is known as Double Current or Polar signaling, in which the two signaling states, Mark and Space, are represented by current flowing in opposite directions, often +/- 20mA, with Mark being represented by a negative current flow. Whereas machines manufactured in the U.S.A. and Germany normally use what is known as Single Current or Neutral signaling, in which the two signaling states, Mark and Space, are represented by the presence or absence of current, often 60mA, the actual polarity being unimportant. Note that we are referring to current flow in each case, and not to voltages. The receiving section of a teleprinter usually consists of a form of electro-mechanical relay, often called the electro-magnet, with a fairly high inductance, perhaps up to 4 Henrys, and a low DC resistance, perhaps only 200 Ohms, which responds to the incoming signaling impulses. -
The Telenetreport
The Telenet Report JL ® " Telenet Communications Corporation, 1050 17th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. (202)637-7900 Volume 3, Number 1, February 1976 Profile of TelenetSubscribers: Wide Range of Computer Systems Sign Onto Telenet's Public Network Who is a typical Telenet subscriber? tions. Some have extensive networks graphic databases which theircustomers What kind of computer system does he which currently operate in parallel with may access through Telenet. Lockheed's have and how is he using public packet Telenet's, while others utilize no other Dialog" service, for example, permits switching service? network facilities. There are hosts con- searching files containing millions of ab- Thelogical mapof the network on page nected to the network by means of a stracts of technical, educa- 2 shows the particular host computers singleasynchronous communication tional, social, agricultural and business that have been connected to the Telenet line, or multiple asynchronous direct literature and retrieving selected items. network in our first six months of opera- channels into a Telenet Access Con- SUNY's biomedical information retrieval tion. Several dozen additional hosts are traileron theirpremises. There are other scheduled for service during the first hosts that are connected by means of quarterof 1976, and network expansion synchronous communication lines em- both within Telenet Central Offices and ploying powerful network access proto- into new cities is also underway. cols. Most Telenet subscribersare using the Most subscribers made no changesto network to provide remote terminal their systems when connecting to the access to their host computer, but the network, while others either installed range of systems and applications are Telenet-furnished network interface soft- diverse. -
Teletype 4400 Series Data Terminals
C25-830-101 Display Terminals Teletype 4400 Series Data Terminals Teletype Corporation's 4400 Series display terminals feature ergonomic design and ASCII compatibility. MODELS: 4420. 4424, and 4430. DISPLAY: A 13-inch display screen mount ed on a tiltable display stand is standard. KEYBOARD: A detached keyboard with a typewriter-style keyboard is standard. COMPETITION: Anderson Jacobson. ADDS, Hewlett-Packard, Lear Siegler. PRICE: $3,997 to $4.207 in single quantity units. CHARACTERISTICS The 4420 Buffered Display Terminal offers full editing and formatting capabilities and modularity. The microprocessor, VENDOR: Teletype Corporation, 5555 Touhy Avenue, drive logic, and power supply are all housed in the unit's I5-inch Skokie, Illinois 60076. Telephone (312) 982-2000. circular display base. DATE OF ANNOUNCEMENT: Model 4420-October 1980; Model 4424-0ctober 1981; Model 4430-June MANAGEMENT SUMMARY 1981. In October 1980, the Teletype Corporation introduced the DATE OF FIRST DELIVERY: Model 4420-November Model 4420 Data Terminal. Since that time, two additions ' 1980; Model 4424-January 1982; Model 4430-Decem have been added to the Teletype 4400 Series display termi ber 1981. nal family, Models 4424 and 4430. All three units feature ergonomic design and ASCII compatibility. NUMBER DELIVERED TO DATE: Information not available. Model 4420 is a standalone terminal for point-to-point and SERVICED BY: Teletype Corporation. general purpose applications. This unit offers user-friendly operating features and ergonomic design. Model 4424 of CONFIGURATION fers the same basic features as Model 4420, plus interactive The 4400 Series display terminals are standalone units buffering capabilities. featuring a display mounted on a tiltable IS-inch circular base and a detached keyboard.