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Faqs on Vaccines and Immunization Practices Faqs on Vaccines and Immunization Practices Second Edition FAQs on Vaccines and Immunization Practices FAQs on Vaccines and Immunization Practices Second Edition Chief Editor Vipin M Vashishtha MD FIAP National Convener IAP Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices, 2013–14 Mangla Hospital and Research Center Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh, India Editors Ajay Kalra MD DCH MNAMS FIAP Erstwhile Professor SN Medical College Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India Naveen Thacker MD (Ped) FIAP Past President—Indian Academy of Pediatrics Coordinator of Development—International Pediatric Association President Elect—Asia Pacific Pediatric Association CSO Alternate Representative—Gavi Alliance Board Foreword Walter A Orenstein The Health Sciences Publisher New Delhi | London | Philadelphia | Panama Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd Headquarters Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd 4838/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj New Delhi 110 002, India Phone: +91-11-43574357 Fax: +91-11-43574314 Email: [email protected] Overseas Offices J.P. Medical Ltd Jaypee-Highlights Medical Publishers Inc 83 Victoria Street, London City of Knowledge, Bld. 237, Clayton SW1H 0HW (UK) Panama City, Panama Phone: +44 20 3170 8910 Phone: +1 507-301-0496 Fax: +44 (0)20 3008 6180 Fax: +1 507-301-0499 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Jaypee Medical Inc Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd The Bourse 17/1-B Babar Road, Block-B, Shaymali 111 South Independence Mall East Mohammadpur, Dhaka-1207 Suite 835, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA Bangladesh Phone: +1 267-519-9789 Mobile: +08801912003485 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd Bhotahity, Kathmandu, Nepal Phone: +977-9741283608 Email: [email protected] Website: www.jaypeebrothers.com Website: www.jaypeedigital.com © 2015, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers The views and opinions expressed in this book are solely those of the original contributor(s)/author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of editor(s) of the book. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Medical knowledge and practice change constantly. This book is designed to provide accurate, authoritative information about the subject matter in question. However, readers are advised to check the most current information available on procedures included and check information from the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose, formula, method and duration of administration, adverse effects and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner to take all appropriate safety precautions. Neither the publisher nor the author(s)/editor(s) assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to use of material in this book. This book is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in providing professional medical services. If such advice or services are required, the services of a competent medical professional should be sought. Every effort has been made where necessary to contact holders of copyright to obtain permission to reproduce copyright material. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. Inquiries for bulk sales may be solicited at: [email protected] FAQs on Vaccines and Immunization Practices First Edition: 2011 Second Edition: 2015 ISBN: 978-93-5152-147-1 Printed at Contents Contributors ix Foreword xiii Preface to the Second Edition xv Preface to the First Edition xvii Acknowledgments xix Section 1: General Vaccination 1. Vaccine Immunology: Basics and Beyond 3 Yash Paul, Vipin M Vashishtha 2. Elementary Epidemiology in Vaccination 24 Vipin M Vashishtha, Yash Paul 3. Vaccination Schedules 32 Anju Aggarwal, Yash Paul, Satish V Pandya 4. Practice of Vaccination 41 Atul Kumar Agarwal, Yash Paul, Satish V Pandya, Anju Aggarwal 5. Vaccination in Special Situations 54 Monjori Mitra 6. Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI), Vaccine Safety, and Misinformation Against Vaccination 63 Baldev S Prajapati, Vipin M Vashishtha 7. Cold Chain and Vaccine Storage 76 Digant D Shastri 8. Adolescent Immunization 85 CP Bansal, Ashok K Banga Section 2: EPI Vaccines 9. Questions Pertaining to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccine 99 A Parthasarthy, Hitt Sharma 10. Polio 107 Naveen Thacker, Prem Pal Singh VI FAQs on Vaccines and Immunization Practices 11. Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis 127 Sudhir Kumar Choudhary, Vipin M Vashishtha 12. Measles 145 Baldev S Prajapati 13. Hepatitis B Vaccine 150 Ajay Kalra, Sanjay Verma Section 3: Non-EPI Vaccines 14. Hepatitis A 173 Nigam P Narain 15. Varicella 180 Vijay N Yewale, Dhanya Dharmapalan 16. Measles, Mumps, and Rubella 195 Baldev S Prajapati, Sudhir Kumar Choudhary 17. Typhoid 208 Ajay Kalra, Premasish Mazumdar 18. Haemophilus influenzae Type b 215 Jaydeep Choudhury 19. Pneumococcal Diseases 220 Nitin K Shah 20. Rabies 239 Jaydeep Choudhury, Vipin M Vashishtha 21. Japanese Encephalitis 254 Vipin M Vashishtha 22. Rotavirus 268 Nitin K Shah 23. Human Papillomavirus 277 Jaydeep Choudhury 24. Influenza 288 Shobha Sharma 25. Swine Influenza 296 Vipin M Vashishtha, CP Bansal 26. Avian Influenza 304 Vipin M Vashishtha 27. Meningococcal Vaccines 313 Parang N Mehta Contents VII 28. Cholera 317 Nupur Ganguly 29. Combination Vaccines 323 Narendra Rathi Section 4: Vaccines in the Pipeline 30. Dengue 331 Vipin M Vashishtha, Ajay Kalra 31. Malaria 337 Arun Kumar, Ajay Kalra 32. Newer TB Vaccines 344 Sangeeta Sharma 33. Human Immunodeficiency Virus 349 Arun Kumar 34. Alzheimer’s Disease 352 Vipin M Vashishtha, Ajay Kalra Section 5: Novel Approaches to Vaccine Formulations and Delivery Systems 35. DNA Vaccines 359 Puneet Kumar 36. Chimeric Vaccines 377 Puneet Kumar 37. Edible Vaccines 384 Puneet Kumar 38. Newer Adjuvants 391 Puneet Kumar Section 6: Therapeutic Vaccines 39. Therapeutic Vaccines 407 Ajay Kalra, Premasish Mazumdar Annexure: WHO Recommended Schedule for All, 2014 415 Contributors Chief Editor Vipin M Vashishtha MD FIAP National Convener IAP Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices, 2013–14 Mangla Hospital and Research Center Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh, India Editors Ajay Kalra MD DCH MNAMS FIAP Erstwhile Professor SN Medical College Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India Naveen Thacker MD (Ped) FIAP Past President—Indian Academy of Pediatrics Coordinator of Development—International Pediatric Association President Elect—Asia Pacific Pediatric Association CSO Alternate Representative—Gavi Alliance Board Contributors Anju Aggarwal MD MNAMS FIAP Ashok K Banga MD Associate Professor Consultant Child Specialist and Department of Pediatrics Director University College of Medical Sciences Aastha Hospital for Children and GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India Atul Kumar Agarwal MD FIAP Consultant Pediatrician CP Bansal MD PD DAP FIAP Atul Latika Hospital Director and Consultant Pediatrician K-3A Rampur Garden Shabd Pratap Hospital Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India X FAQs on Vaccines and Immunization Practices Jaydeep Choudhury MBBS DNB A Parthasarathy MD DCH MNAMS MNAMS FIAP Distinguished Professor Associate Professor Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University Department of Pediatrics Retired Senior Clinical Professor of Pediatrics Institute of Child Health Madras Medical College Kolkata, West Bengal, India Deputy Superintendent Institute of Child Health and Sudhir Kumar Choudhary MD FIAP Hospital for Children Consultant Pediatrician Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Chiranjeev Children Hospital Dehradun Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India Satish V Pandya MD FIAP PGDAP PGDGC Director Dhanya Dharmapalan MBBS MD Varun Children Hospital Consultant Pediatrician Vadodara, Gujarat, India Yewale Multispecialty Hospital for Children Yash Paul MBBS DCH Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Consultant Pediatrician Maharaja Agrasen Hospital Nupur Ganguly MBBS DCH DNB FIAP Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Associate Professor Institute of Child Health Baldev S Prajapati MD DCH Kolkata, West Bengal, India (Gold Medalist) FIAP MNAMS FICMCH Professor of Pediatrics Arun Kumar MD GCS Medical College, Hospital and Consultant Pediatrician Research Centre Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India Aakanksha Children Hospital and Post Graduate Institute Puneet Kumar MBBS MIAP Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Consultant, Kumar Child Clinic New Delhi, India Narendra Rathi MD DNB FIAP Consultant Pediatrician Premasish Mazumdar MBBS MD DM Rathi Children Hospital Consultant Neonatologist Akola, Maharashtra, India Prabha Kamayani Hospital and Rainbow Hospital Nitin K Shah MBBS MD DCH Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India Consultant Pediatrician Parang N Mehta MD PD Hinduja National Hospital Mehta Childcare, Sagrampura Hon. Hematologist Oncologist Surat, Gujarat, India BJ Wadia Hospital for Children Hon. Hematologist Oncologist Monjori Mitra DCH DNB Lion’s Hospital Associate Professor Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Institute of Child Health Kolkata, West Bengal, India Hitt Sharma MBBS PGDCT PDCR Additional Director Nigam P Narain MD DCH PhD MRCP Department of Medical Affairs Professor of Pediatrics
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