NASA HABITAT DEMONSTRATION UNIT (HDU) DEEP ANALOG

A. Scott Howe, PhD, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Tracy R. Gill, NASA Kennedy Space Center Habitat Demonstration Unit

• HDU Background Concept: – Constellation Lunar Architecture studies – Remote robotic assembly – Surface optimized pressure vessel – Horizontal expandability – Vertical expandability • Rapid Prototyping Development: – Analogs and testing – If you build it they will come (technology integration) • Selected Technologies and Subsystems • Lessons Learned

2 Remote Robotic Assembly

3 ‘Scenario 12.1’ End-state Outpost

Solar arrays

Fuel cells and reactant tanks

PEM excursion module

Radiators: - PCM 24m2 - PEM 5m2 - PLM 5m2

Inflatable airlock

LER (4 x)

PCM core module

PLM logistics module

4 ‘Scenario 12.1’ Highly Mobile Outpost

5 AES DSH Multi-Year Multi-Gen Strategy

Robotic Crewed Crewed MPCV MPCV Svc Lunar Svc msn Lunar NEA Lunar NEA NEA msn

MPCV MPCV MPCV EM-1 EMEM-22 EE-MM L2L EE-SS L2 150 d 150 d 180 d Fly-by EM-3EM-3 EMEM-4 EM-5

SLS-1 ELV SLS-2SLS-2 ELV SLS-3SLS-3 ELVELE V SLSSLSLS ELVELV SLS ELV SLS ELV ISS DeriveDerivedd VVeVehicle Gen-4 Gen-44

Demonstrator ISS ISS Deep Space Vehicle Gen-3

DeDDemonstratormo VaVac Chamberber vv1.0 1.0 v 2.2.00 vv3.0 3.0 v 4.0 v 5.0

Log Log SDRSDSDR PDR CDRCDR SAR FRRLaunch Log Update Update Log Update Log Update Terminate

21-day Capable SDR PDR CDR SAR FRR 21-day ECLSS 14.7/10.2 psi 21-day Capable 90-day Rad PEL SDR PDR CDR SAR FRR 21-day ECLSS 21-day hab vol 8.0 psi 180-day Capable 360-day60-day Capable 450-day450-day Capable Capablble 180-day Rad PEL SDR PDR CDR SAR FRR 21-day hab vol 180-day ECLSS 360-day ECLSS 450-day ECLSS 14.7psi 8.0 psi 8.0 psi 180-day Rad PEL 180-day Capable SDR PDR CDR SAR FRR 360-day Rad PEL 450-day Rad PEL 180-day hab vol 365-day ECLSS 360-day hab vol 450-day hab vol 8.0 psi v 1.0 v 2.0 365-day Rad PEL 365-day Capable 180-day hab vol 365-day ECLSS Launch Update Update 8.0 psi 365-day Rad PEL 365-day hab vol

6 Yearly Schedule: Semi-annual Integration

J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N

Planning Quarterly Review Quarterly Review Quarterly Review Meeting

AES PP

Mgmt Mgmt AES PPBE

Reviews Reviews Delivery Receive HAT B/L Study

Define Assumptions, Functions, Rqmts Brainstorm, Concepts Trade Trade Study Trade Analysis Mockup Design DSH Down-select Mockup Build Mockup Evaluations AES & OCT Participate in HDU System Integration CIF, OCT, Build Hardware Process CIF, OCT, AES infusion AES infusion Integration at JSC decisions Collab- Collab- oration oration decisions FY13 X-Hab Scope SDR X-Hab RFP PDR FY13 X-Hab Project Selections CDR Progress Checkpointt#1 #1 Progress Checkpoint #2

X-Hab Final Build Project deployment (at universities) Integration at NASA (JSC, etc) SDR Intgr Review Test Ready SDR Intgr Review Review Test Ready SIR Review

Integ Integ SIR Testbed Checkout, Systems Integration HDU Sys Sys HDU Testbed checkout. FY11 Config Operations Systems Integration

Dry Run Integrated Mission Dry Run Integrated Dry Run Integrated Ops Ops Test Support Test (D-RaTS, etc) System Test Support Mission Test Support 7 Microhab ISHM Analog D-RATS 2009

8 Ring frame

Cargo web walls

Logistics CTBs stacked

9 Microhab Instrument Bulkhead

Ethernet Remote control power switcher

Ethernet hub

Mini PC

Temperature monitors

Voltage sensors

CO2 / humidity monitor

Light controller (behind)

Power Supply Unit (PSU) rechargeable battery pack

Tropos modem (behind)

Package air conditioner (analog for ECLSS)

LED light power supply

10 D-RATS 2011 Base Camp

Configurations: 2010 Pressurized Excursion Module (HDU-PEM), Lunar surface destination 2011 (HDU-DSH), Near Earth destination 2012 Deep Space Habitat (HDU-DSH), Mission Operations Test

11 HDU-DSH Configuration

12 HDU-DSH Configuration

U of W (FY11) X-HAB INFLATABLE LOFT

Deployable Extra- Vehicular Activity Ramp (DEVAR) DUST MODULE (FY10)

LAB MODULE (FY10) Power Interface Cart HYGIENE MODULE Ruggedized A/C Unit

13 DRaTS HDU-DSH Configuration

Lift upper hand railing X-HAB LOFT

Overhead stowage

Atrium Plant Growth system

Radial Internal Material Handling System (RIMS)

Lift column DUST MODULE Lift platform and lower hand railing

LAB MODULE

HYGIENE MODULE 14 HDU Lab deck Dust Module

15 X-Hab Inflatable Loft Hygiene Module

16 HDU-DSH Technology & Innovations Demonstrations

1. Inflatable Loft (X-Hab 2011) 7. HDU Core Computing, Wireless 2. Logistics-to-Living Communication and RFID 3. Autonomous Ops: 8. Standards-based Modular A. “Intelligent” Habitat System Management Instrumentation System: Wireless Sensor Software Nodes B. SHIELD & ACAWS 9. Geo-Science Lab Glovebox/Workstation 4. iHab Digital Double (D2) 5. Power Generation & PM&D Systems 10. Telerobotic Workstation 6. Environmental Protection Technologies 11. General Maintenance/EVA Workstation A. Dust Mitigation Technologies a. Electrodynamic Dust Screen to repel 12. Medical Ops/Life Science Workstation dust from surfaces 13. Partial-G Material Handling b. Lotus Coating c. Vent Hood at the General Maintenance 14. Food Production: Atrium concept Workstation 15. LED Lighting d. Operational Concept for End-to-End Dust Contamination Management 16. 3-D Layered Damage Detection System e. Vacuum Cleaner for Surfaces B. Micrometeoroid Mitigation Technologies 17. Habitability / Habitation, Hygiene, Trash a. MMOD Hab Impact Monitoring System Management RFID b. Flat Surface Damage Detection system C. Radiation a. Operational Demonstration of Cargo Transfer Bags to deployable blankets for Radiation Protection and ECLS water

purification demo 17 HDU-DSH Plan Views

HDU-Deep Space Hab: HDU Core = 56.0 m^3 Crew X-Loft = 69.9 m^3 Sleep Area Hygiene Airlock = 8.6 m^3 Module Hygiene Module = 14.1 m^3 Crew Geo-Science Total P. Volume = 148.1 m^3 Sleep Area porch OPEN 1 Crew A Sleep Area Crew Docked Rover H B Docked Rover faces this way GeoLab Tele-Robotics faces this way Sleep Area operations

4 G Lift C 2 Med Ops Maint. IV W/S W/S W/S Exercise F D E HDU-DSH Logistics Lift Wardrm / 3 & Meeting Stowage Dust Galley Mitigation Module

18 Geo-Lab Workstation

Overhead axis camera – remote controllable locally and from ground crew

Screen computers

Microscope

Cameras and other instruments through side ports

Glove box with three sample pass through airlocks to the exterior

Control box

19 Geo-Lab Glovebox

20 Robotically-Assisted GeoScience Operations

21 TeleRobotics Work Station Early Design

22 Telerobotics Workstation Final Design

Shuttle middeck lockers

8020 frame

Monitors

Main table deployed (Extended Type)

CPU location (under construction)

Page 23 23 General Maintenance Workstation

D-RATS 2010 D-RATS 2011 MOT 2012

24 Repair Work at Gen Maintenance W/S

25 Dust Containment at General Maintenance W/S

26 Waste and Hygiene Module

27 28 X-Loft Living Space

29 X-Hab Loft Early Designs

Photo: James W. Young 30 X-Loft Final Design

8020 frame

CTB stowage loft

Crew quarters bowed out around perimeter (notional only – need to work out tension and compression poles)

Access ladder

Galley

CTB rack

31 X-Loft Plan View

Line of HDU below

Access ladder

Deployable table (folds up and out of the way) – space for all crew members to work/eat and watch projection

CTB rack

Access lift well

Projection area above

Galley

Emergency egress

Avionics section C floor clear access

32 X-Loft Section View Showing Projection Surface

Line of dome section

Digital projector (virtual window, possible 4 bays)

CTB stowage loft 53” beyond

Crew quarters bowed out around perimeter

Access ladder

Projection area

78” clear Deployable table folds 82” to top of deck 82” to up and out of the way

CTB rack

Lift access well

Line of HDU section

33 X-Loft Final Design (360 degree image)

Dome above

Crew Quarters level

Habitation level (under construction

Deployable table deployed

Deployable table stowed

Page 34 34 X-Loft Galley / Wardroom

Wardroom Galley

35 X-Loft Crew Quarters

36 Virtual Window Function: Remote Vehicle Piloting & Control

A. Scott Howe PhD, Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology Robert Howard, Nathan Moore, Michael Amoroso NASA Johnson Space Center 37 Virtual Window Crew Interaction

Dome above

Projection screens (back of crew quarters)

Digital projectors (mounted low in this case – could be mounted above)

Remote crew display

X-Loft deck below

Interactive crew member

38 Radial Internal Material Handling System (RIMS)

Plant growth system (rests on top of RIMS inner track)

Stowage system

RIMS outer track

Cross beam with hoist

RIMS outer track

Underside of fold-down stowage units

RIMS inner track

Cross beam with hoist

39 Radial Internal Material Handling System (RIMS)

RIMS outer track

Stowage system

Underside of plant growth system trays

RIMS cross beam

RIMS inner track

Plant growth “Atrium” (illuminated by LED red / blue spectrum)

Central cargo lift

40 RIMS System: a Radial Bridge Crane

Inner track

Cross beam

Outer track

41 EVA Innovations

Work frame

HDU interior hatch

Suit stand

Pressure suit

Dust control

Egress hatch

EVA equipment stowage

42 Suitlock: Conversion / Deployment

Folded membrane

End bulkhead

Middle bulkhead nested

Suitport system stowed

Mesh deck deployed

Mesh deck folded

Exterior Hatch Hab Side Hatch Hab Side Hatch panel in “Suitlock Mode”

Outer Chamber Inner Chamber Suitport panel opens up in “Large Volume Airlock Mode”

Deployed membrane and pneumatic beams 43 Suitlock: Overall Dimensions

Membrane inflatable

Hab Side Domed ends

1.9m (76”) 1.9m Suitlock in stowed configuration

Top View 2.2m (85”) Deployable EVA porch

EVA crane

(110”) Suitlock in deployed configuration 2.8m dia Hab Side Hab Side

Expandable Side View support cradle 5.0m (196”) 2.3m (90”) 4” 21” 30” 4” 44 DEVAP Requirements

• Interface with suitlock bulkhead structure • Manually deployable / stowable by two persons • Can be latched or unlatched by a person from ground level • Have lugs to permit lifting by crane by itself, or in tandem with suitlock • Gratings on deck to permit dust to fall freely to the ground beneath • Support a load of 100 lbs/sq ft on the Main Deck and Ramp

Folded ramp

Winch frame

Folding handrails

Deck panel

Ramp panel

Deployable subframe with extendable legs to support its own weight

45 DEVAP Operational Prototype

• DEVAP shown with augmented dirt mount with wood blocks at base (left), and handrails partially deployed (right)

46

DEVAP Operational Prototype

• DEVAP shown during deployment / stow sequence

47

Lessons Learned

• Design is a cycle that • NASA is not a jobs includes build, integrate, program test, evaluate, repeat • Powerpoint engineering • Build many versions will get you nowhere • Six month cycle works • Never list requirements very well to keep team before you build !!!! excited and motivated • Build and test to find out • Keep things functional, but what the requirements are not expensive during • Put student interns in the design cycles (Home critical path – they stretch Depot effect) to meet expectations • Design to a mission, but • Don’t rush to flight – take consider multifunction for time to get it right using other scenarios as well many prototypes 48 The Team

Note: only part of team is shown

D-RATS 2010 49 T h a n k y o u 50