An Analysis of Revenge in Main Character's Personality As Portrayed in Sidney Sheldon's Novel If Tomorrow Comes and A.S.A

AN ANALYSIS OF REVENGE IN MAIN CHARACTER’S PERSONALITY

AS PORTRAYED IN SIDNEY SHELDON’S NOVEL IF TOMORROW

COMES AND A.S.A. HARRISON’S NOVEL THE SILENT WIFE: A

COMPARATIVE LITERATURE

A THESIS

RARA TRI ANTIKA PULUNGAN

REG.NO. 150705018

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN 2019

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AN ANALYSIS OF REVENGE IN MAIN CHARACTER’S PERSONALITY AS PORTRAYED IN SIDNEY SHELDON’S NOVEL IF TOMORROW COMES AND A.S.A. HARRISON’S NOVEL THE SILENT WIFE: A COMPARATIVE LITERATURE

A THESIS

RARA TRI ANTIKA PULUNGAN

REG. NO. 150705018

SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR

Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum. Dra. Diah Rahayu Pratama, M.Pd. NIP. 19570720 198303 2 001 NIP. 19561214 198601 2 001

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN 2019

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.

Head, Secretary,

Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A., Ph.D. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D. NIP. 19540916 198003 2 003 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.

The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on July 15th, 2019

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatera Utara

Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S. NIP. 19600805 198703 1 001

Board of Examiners

Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D.

Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum.

Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

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AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN

THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL

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FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED

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WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS

THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD

OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

Signed :

Date : July 15th, 2019

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

NAME : RARA TRI ANTIKA PULUNGAN TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF REVENGE IN MAIN CHARACTER’S PERSONALITY AS PORTRAYED IN SIDNEY SHELDON’S NOVEL IF TOMORROW COMES AND A.S.A. HARRISON’S NOVEL THE SILENT WIFE: A COMPARATIVE LITERATURE QUALIFICATION : S1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR

REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT

USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW

OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

Signed :

Date : July 15th, 2019

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim,

Alhamdulillah, all praises go to Allah SWT who has given me health and capability in completing this thesis as one of the requirements to finish my study from English Department, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara.

My deepest and greatest gratitude goes to the Rector of University of

Sumatera Utara, Prof. Runtung Sitepu, S.H, M.Hum and the Dean of Faculty of

Cultural Studies, Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S. Then, I would like to thank the Head of

English Department, Prof. Dra. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A., Ph.D. and the Secretary of

English Department, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, S.S, M.A, Ph.D. and to all the lecturers and the staff of English Department for all facilities, opportunities, valuable knowledge and motivation during my academic years.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Supervisor Dr. Siti Norma

Nasution, M.Hum., who has provided valuable time, advice and guidance in doing my thesis patiently. Gratitude and appreciation are also dedicated to my Co- supervisor, Dra. Diah Rahayu Pratama, M.Pd., who always supports me to finish my thesis.

My deepest gratitude is also dedicated to my mother, Yulinar Tanjung and my father, Indra Surya Pulungan who always pray in supporting me during my study in English Literature of Faculty of Cultural Studies, I would like to thank my parents for being there with unceasing prayers, unconditionally love, attention and support as always in the process of completing this thesis. For my dear brothers, Muhammad

Reza Fahlevi Pulungan and Surya Iswanda Pulungan, and my dear sister-in-law, Ayu

vii

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Nina Carolina Purba, thank you so much for your support, happiness and sadness that we always share together.

To my beloved friends from Looking for Husband, my very dearest squad

(Audry Valeinsia Farjer, Miftach Khairani, Regina Goela Stevanie Depari, Sri

Wahyuni, and Widi Ambarwati), thank you very much for the great time, memories, support and motivation, for being bestfriends who always give a help when I got trouble during the process of writing this thesis. Special Thanks to Fathul Jannah my bestfriend since we were at Junior High School for helping me in finding out the thesis with similar topic at Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. Another Special

Thanks goes to Kak Nadya, Kak Nini, Bang Zola for the wise words, for always telling me that everything will be fine if I just give my best in conducting this thesis, thank you for all your time helping and advising me.

And also to Friska Jawak thank you so much for being my lovely friend and partner in conducting this thesis, from the beginning until the end of the process.

Thank you for encouraging and supportting each other during the process. And all my friends in English Literature of University of Sumatera Utara, especially Class B

2015 that cannot mention one by one, thank you for sharing the priceless experiences with me.

In writing this thesis, I admit that this thesis is far from being perfect even though I have done my best for my thesis, I really need suggestions for this thesis.

Without any helps and support from all parties, this thesis would not be completed.

viii

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Finally, may this thesis be advantegous for the readers and the next researchers in the future. May the grace and love of Allah SWT be with us all forever. Amin.

Medan, July 15th, 2019

Rara Tri Antika Pulungan Reg. No. 150705018

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT

This thesis entitled An Analysis of Revenge in Main Character’s Personality as Portrayed in Sidney Sheldon’s Novel If Tomorrow Comes and A.S.A. Harrison’s Novel The Silent Wife: A Comparative Literature. In this thesis, the writer analyzes the revenge as portrayed in the two novels If Tomorrow Comes by Sidney Sheldon and The Silent Wife by A.S.A. Harrison. The purpose of this thesis is to find out how is the main character‟s revenge in the two novels portrayed in the three personality structures consisted in main character‟s personality and to find out the similarities and differences of revenge portrayed in the three personality structures in two novels. This thesis uses Personality Structure Theory by Sigmund Freud to analyze the revenge as a form of behavior that cannot be separated from the three personality structures which will portray the main character‟s revenge and uses the Comparative Literature to see the similarities and differences of revenge in main character‟s personality in the two novels. In completing the analysis, the writer used descriptive qualitative method which represents all data in forms of words and sentences. Based on the analysis it can be found that the novels show similarities and differences regarding the revenge by using personality structure theory. From the personality structure theory it can be found id, ego and superego portray the revenge done by the main character in both novels namely Tracy Whitney and Jodi Brett.

Keywords: Revenge, Personality, Comparative Literature, Similarities and Differences.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK

Skripsi ini berjudul An Analysis of Revenge in Main Character’s Personality as Portrayed in Sidney Sheldon’s Novel If Tomorrow Comes and A.S.A. Harrison’s Novel The Silent Wife: A Comparative Literature. Dalam skripsi ini, penulis menganalisa tentang balas dendam yang digambarkan dalam dua novel If Tomorrow Comes oleh Sidney Sheldon dan The Silent Wife oleh A.S.A. Harrison. Tujuan dari skripsi ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana balas dendam karakter utama dalam kedua novel digambarkan melalui tiga struktur kepribadian yang terdiri dalam kepribadian dari masing-masing karakter utama dan untuk mengetahui persamaan dan perbedaan balas dendam digambarkan dari ketiga struktur kepribadian dalam kedua novel tersebut. Skripsi ini menggunakan teori Struktur Kepribadian oleh Sigmund Freud untuk menganalisa balas dendam sebagai bentuk tindak laku yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari ketiga struktur kepribadian individu yang akan menggambarkan balas dendam dari karakter utama dan menggunakan Sastra Bandingan untuk melihat persamaan dan perbedaan balas dendam dalam kepribadian karakter utama dalam dua novel. Dalam menyelesaikan analisis, penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yang merepresentasikan semua data dalam bentuk kata dan kalimat. Berdasarkan analisis dapat ditemukan bahwa novel menunjukkan persamaan dan perbedaan mengenai balas dendam dengan menggunakan teori struktur kepribadian. Dari teori struktur kepribadian dapat ditemukan id, ego dan superego menggambarkan balas dendam di kedua novel oleh karakter utama yaitu Tracy Whitney dan Jodi Brett.

Kata Kunci: Balas Dendam, Kepribadian, Sastra Bandingan, Persamaan dan Perbedaan.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ...... v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... vii

ABSTRACT ...... x

ABSTRAK ...... xi

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... xii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...... 1

1.1. Background of the Study ...... 1

1.2. Problem of the Study ...... 7

1.3. Objective of the Study ...... 7

1.4. Scope of the Study ...... 7

1.5. Significance of the Study ...... 8

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ...... 9

2.1. Literature ...... 9

2.2. Brief Description of Character ...... 11

2.3. Brief Descripton of Comparative Literature ...... 12

2.4. Brief Description of Revenge ...... 14

2.5. Brief Description of Personality ...... 18

2.6. Relevant Study ...... 22

CHAPTER III METHOD OF STUDY ...... 25

3.1. Research Design ...... 25

3.2. Data and Data Source ...... 26

xii

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3.3. Data Collecting Procedure ...... 26

3.4. Data Analysis ...... 27

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ...... 30

4.1. Revenge in Main Character‟s Personality Portrayed in Sidney

Sheldon‟s If Tomorrow Comes ...... 30

4.1.1. Tracy‟s Id to Revenge ...... 31

4.1.2. Tracy‟s Ego to Revenge ...... 35

4.1.3. Tracy‟s Superego to Revenge ...... 42

4.2. Revenge in Main Character‟s Personality Portrayed in A.S.A.

Harrison‟s The Silent Wife ...... 43

4.2.1. Jodi‟s Id to Revenge ...... 45

4.2.2. Jodi‟s Ego to Revenge ...... 48

4.2.3. Jodi‟s Superego to Revenge ...... 51

4.3. Finding The Similarities and Differences If Tomorrow Comes and

The Silent Wife ...... 54

4.3.1. Similarities and Differences of Revenge in Main Character‟s

Personality in Both Novels ...... 55

4.3.2. Similarities and Differences Based on Elements of the

Novel… ...... 59

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...... 63

5.1. Conclusion ...... …63

5.2. Suggestion ...... 64

REFERENCES ...... 66

APPENDICES i. Biography of Sidney Sheldon

xiii

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ii. Biography of A.S.A. Harrison iii. Summary of If Tomorrow Comes iv. Summary of The Silent Wife

xiv

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of the Study

Literature is a creative activity, a work of art. While the study of literature is a branch of science according to Wellek and Warren (1985: 15). Every literary work is basically general and at the same time special, Wellek and Warren interpret the sentence by explaining that every literary work has distinctive characteristics, but also has the same characteristics as other works of art. Some of the distinctive features of literary work itself are „literature‟ is everything written and printed, literature also as an imaginative work, containing thoughts, feelings, and emotions of the creator (Wellek and Warren, 1989: 15). One form of literary works is prose. The word „prose‟ is derived from the Latin word, which literally translates to

„straightforward‟.

Aminudin, (2002: 66) says that prose is a story that is carried out by certain actors with character, background and stages and a series of certain stories that depart from the results of the author‟s imagination so as to forge a story. Edgar V.

Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs (1995) classify prose into two, fiction prose and nonfiction prose. Fiction, means something which is made or formed, its contents are stories about something that come from the creativity and imagination of the author.

It includes myths, parables, novels, romances, and short stories. On the other hand, nonfiction is literary works which describe or interpret facts, present judgments, and opinions. It consists of news reports, essays, magazines, newspapers, encyclopedias, historical and biographical works and many other forms of communication. From

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA literature, people can see the various aspects of life and tradition presented by the author. This is capable of causing the existence of comparative literature.

Fernand Balden in the book Theory of Literature (1985: 47) pioneered the sense of „comparative‟ literature and confines it to the study of relationships between two or more literatures. While Razali Kasim (1996: 16) mentioned the scope of comparative literature study is very broad and more developed. One of them is through cultural studies, this includes the comparison of literary works with the authors, where the origin of the work with other literary works that have similarities and differences. This shows that any literary works from different country and author can be compared, including novels.

In this thesis, the writer performs a comparative literature analysis of two literary works, the literary work entitled If Tomorrow Comes with the literary work entitled The Silent Wife, both of those literary works are novel. The use of these two novels helps the writer to look at novels from different country and author with similar motif. Therefore, the analysis will involve comparing two novels to find out how the novels are similar and different to each other which is part of comparative literature.

If Tomorrow Comes is a novel published in 1985, written by an American writer named Sidney Sheldon who was born in Chicago, on February 11th, 1917. His first novel, The Naked Face, was described by the New York Times as “the best first mystery of the year”. There followed The Other Side of Midnight, Stranger in the

Mirror, Bloodline, Rage of Angels and Master of the Game, all available in Pan. By the massive and deserved success of these six novels, Sidney Sheldon has in a short time become one of the great international best sellers of all time. He lives in Los

Angeles.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The Silent Wife is a novel written by a Canadian writer named Susan Harrison who later became known as A.S.A. Harrison, she was born in Toronto in 1948.

A.S.A. Harrison is the author of four nonfiction books. Harrison‟s previous books include Orgasms (Coach House Press, 1974), Revelations with Margaret Dragu

(Nightwood Editions, 1987), and Zodicat Speaks (Viking Penguin, 1996). Her first novel, the psychological thriller entitled The Silent Wife, was published in June 2013 and received widespread response from critics. Shortly after the publication of the novel, Harrison died at the age of 65, due to her cancer.

In this thesis, the writer performs about the similarity of motif that exists in these two different novels. The motif found in the novels If Tomorrow Comes and

The Silent Wife is about revenge because both novels show how cruel the people are who destroy the main characters‟ lives which turned them into someone different, strong and brave enough physically and mentally to take revenge.

Revenge is considered to be the most effective way of eliminating pain and a real form of demanding equal treatment that must be accepted by individuals.

Equality is an absolute thing which belongs to everyone. The same treatments, rights, and obligations received between one person and another will lead to a balanced life.

Conversely, when there are differences in treatments, rights, and obligations received by individuals, especially if these things lead to something that causes pain or damage such as oppression, betrayal, and injustice, then there will be a desire to demand equality. Oppression, betrayal, and injustice are forms of negative treatments that trigger an individual to do resistances, one of the ways is by taking revenge.

Resisting against the negative treatments is a behavior and an action that is done by individuals as a form of self-defense. Govier (2002: 2) says when people seek revenge, they seek satisfaction by attempting to harm the other as a retaliatory

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA measure. Each of individuals as human being has the desire to avenge someone who treats them bad, to those who destroy their lives, or to those who only threaten their identity as human being in a certain place, culture, and belief. Such things seem ordinary or even less influential, but basically humans are created to have a sense of revenge, wanting people to feel the same way they feel when others do negative treatments or hurt their lives and feelings. Revenge is as simple as that. In line with

Govier, Uniacke (2000: 62) also claims that revenge is personal and non- instrumental: with revenge we seek to make people suffer because they have made us suffer, not because their action or values require us to bring them down.

Since revenge is an action and behavior carried out by a human being as a living creature, all actions or human behavior will be influenced by the personality of individuals. Sigmund Freud in Albertine Minderop‟s book (2011) explains about behavior, it is the result of conflicts and reconciliations of the three personality structures in individuals‟ personality: id, ego, and superego. Factors that influence personality are historical factors of the past and contemporary factors, analogies of innate factors and environmental factors in the formation of individual personalities.

Each individual has their own personality that will be formed in a different way because the individual also faces different innate and environmental factors, which will produce diverse behaviors. While Santrock in Albertine Minderop‟s book (1988:

435) says each individual has their own characteristics or traits that mark the individuals themselves, traits that include in mind, feeling, and behavior are characteristics of a person which display the way he adapts and compromises in life, that is called as personality. Based on the explanation by experts above, the writer briefly will say personality gives a great influence on an individual‟s thoughts, feelings, and behavior.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Since personality gives a great influence on an individual‟s thoughts, feelings, and behavior, the writer will analyze two novels If Tomorrow Comes and

The Silent Wife by using Sigmund Freud‟s personality structure theory on the main character. That theory helps the writer to see how revenge is portrayed in main character‟s personality in each novel. The writer wants to prove how the personality of each character in both novels takes roles then affect the process and ways of their revenge. This certainly will show how similarities and differences of behavior, namely the revenge done by the main characters in two novels through their personality that consists of three structures: id, ego, and superego.

In Sidney Sheldon‟s If Tomorrow Comes, there is a main character named

Tracy. Tracy is described as a mature woman, she is beautiful, smart, and can overcome all problems that come to her life by relying on herself. At the beginning of the story, Tracy almost lived as the happiest woman in the world, because she would soon be married to a handsome rich man named Charles Stanhope III.

Suddenly Tracy had to face many conflicts and pressures in her life, beginning with the sudden death of her mother, she received one betrayal to another betrayal and one fraud to another fraud. The conflicts and pressures made Tracy wants to take revenge to those who did negative things to her life, this is where Tracy‟s personality structures, as a smart and educated woman will be seen in reflecting then influencing the ways and actions she chose in taking revenge.

In A.S.A. Harrison‟s The Silent Wife, there is a main character named Jodi.

Jodi is described as a woman enjoying her life as a psychologist. Having experiences living with a not so harmonious family makes Jodi wants to be a counselor for people who need advices from problems so that arguments and fighting can be avoided.

Jodi, has a husband named Todd, the man who will be the reason for Jodi‟s desire to

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA take revenge. Todd cheats on Jodi, that man also acts as if everything is fine, slowly seizing Jodi‟s rights as a wife. The interesting part is Jodi is described very calm in facing everyone and everything, but in the end, there will be a terrible thing Jodi did as a form of revenge. As a psychologist, Jodi‟s personality is very prominent, she pays close attention to the ways and actions she would take in taking revenge to her husband, Todd. Which those ways and act of revenge will be reflected and influenced by Tracy‟s personality structures in her personality.

Based on the explanation above, the writer will discuss about revenge in main character‟s personality, because both of main characters who are women try to give resistances to the negative treatments they get. That actually someone‟s gender will not determine how someone thinks, behaves, and takes action but the real personality shapes thoughts, feelings, and behavior as someone characteristics which display the way he adapts and compromises in life (Santrock, 1988: 435). This proves that Tracy and Jodi have their respective personality consists of three structures that will take roles in reflecting and influencing the ways and actions of their revenge behavior.

This is the reason why the writer chooses these novels If Tomorrow Comes and The Silent Wife as the object of the study because the writer wants to reveal how someone‟s personality consists of three structures takes roles to affect and reflect the revenge done by main characters in both novels. The writer wants to prove that someone‟s thoughts, feelings, ideas, behavior and action are shaped by his personality not gender, in this case how exactly Tracy and Jodi who are women can be crueler than men which means that gender will not determine how good or bad ones‟ behavior and action could be. Personality does influences someone‟s action, but gender does not, and both novels mention any acts more about equality.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA This thesis will use comparison through knowledge of revenge, personality structure theory, and comparative literature approach to analyze how is revenge portrayed in main character‟s personality in novels If Tomorrow Comes and The

Silent Wife. Therefore, by analyzing both novels, the similarities and differences will be found, which become the goal of comparative literature.

1.2. Problem of the Study

In doing this thesis, the writer chooses two problems which are going to be discussed as follows:

1. How is revenge portrayed in main character‟s personality in novels If

Tomorrow Comes and The Silent Wife?

2. What are the similarities and differences of revenge portrayed in main

character‟s personality in novels If Tomorrow Comes and The Silent Wife?

1.3. Objective of the Study

Regarding to the problems of the study, the objectives of the study are:

1. To find out how is revenge portrayed in main character‟s personality in

novels If Tomorrow Comes and The Silent Wife.

2. To find out the similarities and differences of revenge portrayed in main

character‟s personality in novels If Tomorrow Comes and The Silent Wife.

1.4. Scope of the Study

This thesis will be focused in finding how is revenge portrayed in main character‟s personality in novels If Tomorrow Comes and The Silent Wife by using

Sigmund Freud‟s personality structure theory: id, ego, and superego. It is also this thesis will be focused in finding the similarities and differences of revenge portrayed

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA in main character‟s personality in both novels by using the comparative literature approach. The main characters are Tracy Whitney and Jodi Brett.

1.5. Significance of the Study

This thesis is expected to get the result that will be useful for the readers, in terms of:

1. This thesis can enrich readers‟ knowledge of literary works from different

countries, especially in the form of novels and help the readers to know how

comparative literature works.

2. This thesis introduces readers to person‟s strength in taking revenge for the

negative treatments he receives, as well as the ways of taking revenge and

revenge motive he has which are portrayed in the person‟s personality.

3. Hopefully this thesis will contribute or would be of any value to other

university students in conducting further research of the similar topic.

4. Theoritically, this thesis can add to the knowledge of the readers about how

exactly someone‟s personality can portray his ways in behaving or doing

something. Practically, the writer suggests readers to act wisely within

society by respecting each other‟s roles and norms, within individuals, social

groups and institutions, so there will be no revenge done by human beings.

No one will get hurt, because everyone lives in a balanced life.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1. Literature

The word of „literature‟ is derived from Latin word „littera‟ or letter which means the smallest element of alphabetical writing. Wellek and Warren in a book

Theory of Literature (1985) state that literature and literary study are distinguished by two activities; literature relates to creativity and art, while literary study links to science or specific discipline of knowledge. Literature cannot be studied at all, which means that the readers only read, enjoy, and appreciate it. In contrast, literary study can be defined as knowledge to consider The Second Creation. The responsibility of literature is creativity, while literary study is scientific logic. At its most general, literature simply means „written with letters‟ while in its cultural sense, literature refers first and foremost to poems, plays, and prose fiction, the works of creative imagination written in heightened and pleasure-able language.

Martha Pardede in her book Literature an Introductory Material (2016: 5) states that the word prose is usually used to define any sort of writing that it is not in metrical form and does not fit recognized poetical form. Still, not prose is alike, there are various ways people can express themselves in writing. Prose also known as

Narrative Fiction, Richard Taylor in his book (1981: 42-46) states that usually prose grouped into old and outmoded forms such as folk tale, epic, romance, allegory and satire, and contemporary forms such as novel and short story.

In some sense of literature, people can better know about some of the goals of literary works, because in essence literature exists not only to entertain the audiences, but in the 20th century Edgar Allan Poe in the book Theory of Literature (1988: 29)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA created the concept of didactic heresy, in which literature also functions to teach something. This can help to understand the history of life, tradition, social life, religion and various other through some literary works that exist complete with the ways of applying those values in a real life.

Aang Fatihul Islam in his book A Guide for the Understanding of Basic

Literature Introduction to Literature (2016: 6) states the scope of literature is the creativity which deals with literary works like poetry, drama, novel and short story. It is considered as the creativity to perceive literary works and the problem of creativity of another creation in literature. One form of literature that we often encounter is a novel.

Peek and Coyle in a book Literary Terms and Criticism (1984: 102) state novel reflects a move away from an essentially religious view of life towards a new interest in the complexities of everyday experience. Most novels are concerned with ordinary people and their problems in the societies in which they find themselves.

Novels present a documentary picture of life, alongside with the fact that novels look at people in society, the other major characteristic of the genre is that novels tell a story. Peek and Coyle (1984: 103) state in thinking about a novel, try to see a society and characters who are in some ways at odds with this society. Novels are long works with a great amount of detail on every page. They thus present all the complicating facts that need to be taken into account before we can reach any sort of judgment. The story in a novel is almost parable, a tale that makes a point, but in producing a novel the writer complicates the basic story by the addition of a great deal of detail. This detail, the novel‟s discourse, serves to create an impression of just how complicated problems and people who are when we look at them closely.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA In a book titled Literary Terms and Criticism, Peek and Coyle (1984: 104) try to stress that the extent to which novels are concerned with presenting a picture of how people relate to society, the broad pattern in the text how some of the characters in the novel are at odds with society and then to turn to specific incidents, for it is the page by page texture of the novel that makes the conflicts come to life and seem substantial.

2.2. Brief Description of Character

Peck and Coyle in Literary Terms and Criticism (1984: 105) state that characters are the people in a novel which are referred to as characters. The readers will assess them on the basis of what the author tells about them and on the basis of what they do and say. Characters are part of a broader pattern, they are members of a society and the author‟s distinctive of how people relate to society will be reflected in the presentation of every character.

Peck and Coyle (1984: 105) say that characters in literary work are not like real life people for they have been specially created by authors. When authors create character, they select some aspect of ordinary people. Develop some of those aspect whilst playing down other and put them together as they please, the result is not an ordinary person but a fictional character who only exists in the words of literary works.

Character is the mental, emotional, and social qualities to distinguish one entity from another (people, animals, spirits, automatons, pieces of furniture, and others animated object). Character development is the change that a character undergoes from the beginning of a story to the end. The importance of a character to the story determines how fully the character is developed. Characters are important

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA element in stories because they drive the story as a whole. The types of characters that are involved in a story create different types of conflicts and tensions as well as different types of resolutions.

2.3. Brief Descripton of Comparative Literature

Aang Fatihul Islam in his book A Guide for the Understanding of Basic

Literature Introduction to Literature (2011: 98) states in extending the ways of thinking, people should explore some literary works from one country to another.

This is because literary works are mimesis (mirror of the reality which captures thoughts from different background of knowledge) by comparing literary works from one country to another, known as comparative literature approach.

Weisstein (1973) states that comparative literature is a branch of literary history, it is study of relations of international spiritual, the study between the works, and the inspirations of the lives of different authors whom were created in different literary works.

By doing activities comparing one literary work with another literary work, it will obtain results regarding the discovery of the similarities and differences contained in each work itself, it should be done by comparing the similarities of the elements and comparing the differences. In comparative literature the study can be done using two or more different literary works, Wellek and Warren (1989).

Razali Kasim in his book Sastra Bandingan Ruang Lingkup dan Metode

(1996: 26) mentions that comparative literature is an analysis that can be used in finding comparisons between literary works from different countries, which cannot be separated from the relationship between literary works with arts, beliefs (religion), culture complete with theory, history, and criticism contained in it. He briefly states

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA that comparative literature is present to eliminate the assumption that one national literary work is better than one other national literature, which can be concluded that each community group has their own work with the values contained in it which are seen from the literary elements consist of intrinsic elements and extrinsic elements.

Razali Kasim (1996) also states that comparative study is not only about

„comparing‟ literary works or the authors, but also talks about various other fields.

Broadly, comparative literature includes:

1. A study of comparing literary works as well as the authors.

2. A study about the relationship between literary works and other sciences

(such as, philosophy, psychology, sociology, etc.), with religion and

beliefs as well as arts (such as paintings, music, architecture, and

sculpture).

3. A study of theory, history, and literary criticism (more precisely „literary

criticism theory‟) which covers more than one national literature.

Comparative literature can be seen through several fields, they are: Themes and Motifs, Genre and Form, Movement and Generation, and Interdisciplinary

Aspects. Theme basically includes the meaning of motif. In further explanation,

Hartoko and Rahmanto (1986:142) state that theme is the ideas of common bases that sustains a work of literature and are contained in the text semantic structure and as regarding from commonality or differences, theme is distilled from the motifs contained in the relevant work that determines the presence of events, conflicts, and situations. In further explanation, theme is the spiritual phenomenon of human which has repeated and will always repeat its self. Goethe in Weisstein‟s book (1973:

138) says motif has the similarity with the other meaning of motif that is the main of

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA the story which is universal, traditional, and appears repeatedly in the two literary works.

Regarding the theories above, in this thesis, the writer uses two different novels that come from different country: America and Canada but has similarity to each other in case of motif which is in line with how comparative literature works.

The similar motif found is revenge.

2.4. Brief Description of Revenge

The Oxford English Dictionary deﬁnes revenge as both an act and a desire.

Karina Schumann and Michael Ross (2010) state in their article, in the act of revenge, individuals respond to a wrong by harming the transgressor. Revenge can also refer to the urge to pay back wrongs; thus, a person can have „revenge in his heart‟. These deﬁnitions distinguish revenge from general aggression and deviance, as well as anger and resentment. Revenge is a label that is ascribed based on perceivers‟ attributions for the act. Revenge is an inference, regardless of whether the individuals making the inference are the harmdoers themselves, the injured parties, or outsiders.

Many theorists assert that revenge offers personal and societal advantages.

According to evolutionary psychologists, revenge serves three adaptive functions

(McCullough, 2008). First, the mere possibility of revenge deters potential transgressors. Individuals with reputations for being vengeful are less likely to be victimized because the potential costs are high. Second, if a transgression does occur, revenge deters further harm by penalizing wrongdoing. Finally, revenge fosters cooperation by preventing individuals from taking advantage of the work carried out by others.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA People‟s use of revenge to restore justice is also hypothesized to be psychologically beneﬁcial. The writer found some descriptions of revenge by experts in the same article by Karina Schumann and Michael Ross (2010) those are: according to Equity theory (and like formulations), individuals experience distress when they have been treated unfairly (Adams, 1965; Walster, Walster, & Berscheid,

1978). Revenge may enable victims to reduce their distress by restoring equity with the transgressor (Donnerstein & Hatﬁeld, 1982). Similarly, Frijda (1994: 274) observed that one of the most infuriating aspects of being unjustly harmed is the awareness that „he walks in pleasure and I in suffering‟. Revenge does not undo the harm, but it can restore the balance of suffering between the victim and the transgressor. Revenge can also help restore the balance of power between the victim and the transgressor (Frijda, 1994). By inﬂicting harm, transgressors imply that their victims are unworthy of respect. Through vengeance, victims can restore their self- worth by showing they are not powerless (Frijda, 1994).

Karina Schumann and Michael Ross (2010) state in their article, it comes as no great surprise that very angry individuals often feel an urge to take revenge against people they blame for an injustice. More interesting, perhaps, are factors that inﬂuence whether angry victims choose to take revenge. There are four predictors of revenge behavior: the persistence of anger, perceptions of the costs of revenge, cultural and religious values regarding revenge, and the presence of external systems that can restore justice on behalf of victims. Transgressions and acts of revenge occur within a social context that includes at minimum two individuals, a transgressor and a victim. The actions of the transgressor can inﬂuence the likelihood and severity of revenge, by affecting both the degree of anger and the perceived costs of revenge. If victims become convinced that the transgressions were unintentional, or that their

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA transgressors truly respect and care for them, or that their transgressors are otherwise good people, their anger dissipates and they are less inclined to seek revenge.

Social norms, cultural and religious values, and laws can further affect the likelihood of revenge by inﬂuencing perceptions of the morality, necessity, and costs of revenge. Acts of personal revenge are more common in cultures of honor where avenging injustices against one‟s kin is normative and widely accepted (Al-Shawtabi,

2008; Smith, 2008). Victims who shun personal revenge in these cultures risk being perceived as cowards without honor (Cohen et al., 1996; Rainsford, 2006). Victims who can find religious support for revenge are also more likely to seek vengeance and feel justified in doing so. In societies with weak rules of law or in subcultures where victims cannot rely on the legal system (e.g., gangs and mafia), personal revenge is often the only means available for restoring justice and honor

(McCullough, 2008).

As the writer mentioned above, Sidney Sheldon‟s If Tomorrow Comes and

A.S.A. Harrison‟s The Silent Wife are two novels with the same motif, raising how revenge can occur, how revenge is reflected, who is the avenger, what things that cause the avenger must do revenge itself, and how the avenger‟s personality consists of three personality structures takes roles in the action of revenge done by each main character in both novels.

The above explanation suggests that, when deciding whether to take revenge, victims weigh various factors, such as the relative beneﬁts and costs, their degree of anger, the deservingness of the transgressor, and other potential options for dealing with the victimization. Rather than an automatic or inevitable response to victimization, revenge is simply one of the available options.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA According to some opinions of the experts above, it can be concluded that revenge is an action that exists in human mind, the desire to take revenge is owned by every individual who feels he has received injustice, betrayal, and other negative treatments. Revenge is also an emotion that is present in human mind causing tensions and conflicts. Tensions and conflicts are part of the human personality, because they are unconsciously in human mind which determines how the structure of thinking, feeling and behaving of the humans being themselves (Sigmund Freud in

Albertine Minderop‟ book, 2011).

Since revenge is an emotion that is present in the human subconscious which is then applied in the form of action demanding equal treatments so that the perpetrators will feel the same thing as the victim feels. This action of revenge will be reflected and determined through the three personality structures of an individual.

How does the id, ego, and superego take roles in the process of applying revenge by individuals, the main characters in each novel. How does the desire for revenge led by id in order to relieve pressures, conflicts, and avoid the discomfort and tensions for the negative treatments received can be realized by considering the ego which will find the ways to fulfill and satisfy id‟s desire to take revenge in accordance with the reality faced and without causing difficulties for the main characters. Then how the superego will consider good and bad values towards the revenge done by each main character in both novels. Those three personality structures will produce similarities and differences in the ways and application taken by each main character of both novels in their revenge.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.5. Brief Description of Personality

Personality refers to the characteristic pattern of behavior and ways of thinking that determine a person‟s adjustment to his environment. Personality is shaped by inborn potential as modified by experiences common to the culture and subcultural group and the unique experiences that affect the person as an individual.

In Albertine Minderop‟s book (2011), the major theoretical approach to an understanding of personality include trait, psychoanalytic, social learning, and humanistic theories (Hilgard, et al., 1975: 396).

Krech et al., (1974: 650-651) says that personality means the quality and character of a person formed into a certain pattern that distinguishes him from other individuals. The study of personality is the study of how people come to be what they are. Of course people differ widely in what they have learned, each person is indeed unique. But all have learned in accordance with the same general laws. The essentials point here is that there are no laws of personality functioning apart from the laws of general psychology. Thus, personality is an integration of all unique aspects of a person into a unique organization, which determines and is modified by one‟s efforts to adapt to their ever-changing environment. Science called personality can be called personality psychology.

Albertine Minderop (2011: 8) states personality psychology is a psychology studies about human personality with the object of research, factors which influence human behavior. The first goal of personality psychology is to obtain information about human behavior. Literary, historical, and religious works can provide valuable information about human behavior (Koswara, 1991: 4). The second goal of personality psychology is to encourage individuals to live fully and satisfactorily,

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA and the final goal is so that individuals are able to develop their full potential optimally through psychological change.

In the psychology of personality, Albertine Minderop (2011) explains that there are three currents of thought (revolutions which influence the personological thinking of moderns), one of which is psychoanalysis. This theory presents humans as a form of instincts and personality structure conflicts. Personality structure conflicts are conflicts arising from the struggle of the id, ego, and superego.

Psychoanalysts, one of is Sigmund Freud in Albertine Minderop‟s book

(2011: 9) explains the term personality is the prioritization of the unconscious which is outside the conscious, which makes the structure of thinking colored by emotions.

A person‟s behavior is merely the surface of his characteristics, so to understand deeply the personality of a person, it must be observed the symbolic signs and the most profound thoughts of that person. Sigmund Freud and other psychoanalysts

(2011: 9) believe that an individual‟s childhood experience with parents has shaped the individual‟s own personality.

Sigmund Freud is someone who introduces the theory of psychoanalysis.

According to Sigmund Freud in Albertine Minderop‟s book (2011: 11) psychoanalysis is a very powerful approach to understanding one‟s behavior. It is a theory applied in understanding the psychology of an individual‟s personality. This psychoanalysis is also a scientific discipline which was begun some sixty years ago by Sigmund Freud. Psychoanalytic theory deals with the function and mental development of humans.

Sigmund Freud (2011: 13) states that a person‟s life is filled with various pressures and conflicts, to relieve pressures and conflicts that human beings closely store it in the subconscious, therefore the subconscious is the key to understanding

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA one‟s behavior. Freud (2011: 20) also states behavior is the result of conflict reconciliation of the three personality systems. Factors influencing personality are past historical factors and contemporary factors, analogies of innate factors and environmental factors in the formation of individual personalities.

Sigmund Freud (2011: 21) then divides human psychism into three parts: Id

(located on the unconscious) which is the reservoir of pulse and a source of psychic energy. Ego (located between the conscious and unconscious nature) which serves as an intermediary that reconciles the demands of pulse and the prohibition of the superego. The superego (located partially in the conscious part and partly in the unconscious part) is in charge of supervising and obstructing the complete satisfaction of these pulses which are the result of education and identification in parents.

The three structures of personality possessed by each individual will appear to influence the individual in acting and reducing conflicts and pressure. In Albertine

Minderop‟s (2011: 21-23) the writer finds the explanation for these three personality structures pioneered by Sigmund Freud as follows:

1. Id

Freud likens id as king or queen, id applies like an absolute ruler,

must be respected, spoiled, arbitrary and selfish, what it wants must be done

immediately. Id is a psychic and instinctive energy that suppresses humans to

fulfill basic needs such as eating, sex, resisting pain or discomfort. Id is in the

subconscious, there is no contact with reality. The way the id works relates to

the principle of pleasure, which is always seeking pleasure and always

avoiding discomfort or pain. It is also said by Freud in Anggadewi

Moesono‟s book (2003: 3) id as a bridge between biological aspects and

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA human psychological. Id works based on primitive principles which means it

is chaotic (without rules), does not know morals, has no sense of right-wrong.

An individual who wants to fulfill the demands and strong desires of a reality,

will form a new personality structure, namely the ego.

2. Ego

Freud likens the ego as prime minister, which has the duty to have to

complete all work connected with reality and responsive to individual desires.

The ego helps humans to consider whether they can satisfy themselves

without causing difficulties or suffering for themselves. The ego is between

the conscious and the subconscious. The task of the ego gives place to the

main mental functions, for example reasoning, problem solving and decision

making. For this reason, the ego is the main leader in the personality. Ego is

the aspect of personality that must submit to the id and must seek in reality

what is needed by the id as satisfying needs and relieving tension. The ego

works in the principle of reality, which means the ego can delay self-

discovery or look for other forms of satisfaction that are more in line with

environmental constraints (physical and social) and conscience. Ego runs a

secondary process characterized by ego ability to use rational thinking skills

in finding the best problem solving. Id and the ego lack of morality because

both of them do not know good and bad values.

3. Superego

Freud likens the superego as a religious leader, a pastor who is always

considerate of good and bad values, the superego will remind the greedy id

that the importance of wise behavior. Superego refers to morality in

personality, superego as well as conscience that recognizes good and bad

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA values. Like the id, the superego does not consider reality because it does not

struggle with realistic things, except when sexual impulses and the

aggressiveness of the id can be satisfied in moral considerations. Freud in

Anggadewi Moesono‟s book (2002: 4) states superego is representative of

various values and norms that exist in society where the individual lives.

Unlike the ego which adheres to the principle of reality, the superego that

allows humans to have self-control will always demand human perfection in

thoughts, words, and deeds.

If Tomorrow Comes and The Silent Wife are novels showing the action or behavior that is performed by each main character is the act of revenge. Since personality reflects then influences the individuals in acting, behaving and doing something, the writer uses the three personality structures that exist within each individual‟s personality above to understand the thoughts, words, actions, and life values related to the revenge performed by the main characters in the two novels.

Finally, the writer will find the similarities and differences in the form of revenge carried out by the main characters in both novels through their personality structure.

2.6. Relevant Study

Relevant study is an essential part of academic analysis project. The writer has chosen some important books, articles, and journals that related to the idea of revenge, personality and comparative literature analysis. In choosing library material, there are things should be relevant to the problems and the information will support the analysis of the problems. The writer shows books, thesis, articles, and journals which is used to write this study, they are:

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1. A thesis by Yusni Gurning from Diponegoro University Semarang entitled

Noelle Page's Motive of Revenge Toward Larry Douglas in The Other Side of

Midnight by Sidney Sheldon (2009). Her thesis discusses what exactly the

things faced by the character named Noelle Page in the novel The Other Side

of Midnight by Sidney Sheldon so that those things require the character to

take revenge on Larry Douglas. This thesis contains a discussion about the

motives of a character in a novel for revenge.

2. A thesis by Rizki Adinda Dewiana from Diponegoro University Semarang

entitled Analisis Trauma Dan Dendam Hannibal Lecter Dalam Novel

Hannibal Rising Karya Thomas Harris (2011). Her thesis discusses how

exactly Hannibal Lecter‟s personality reflecting and influencing him as the

character in taking revenge. Rizki Adinda Dewiana uses Sigmund Freud‟s

psychoanalytic theory to show the revenge that Hannibal Lecter did in the

novel.

3. An article by Karina Schumann and Michael Ross from the University of

Waterloo entitled The Benefits, Costs, and Paradox of Revenge (2010). This

article discusses the full explanation of revenge, what causes an individual to

do revenge, the benefits of revenge treatment, and other things that encourage

someone to do revenge.

4. A thesis by Ahmad Hosik from UIN Sunan Ampel Suravaya is titled An

Analysis of Pine Revenges in The Night Manager Novel (2016). His thesis

discusses Pine‟s personality as a character in a novel who takes revenge

reflecting and influencing Pine in taking revenge. Ahmad Hosik uses

Sigmund Freud‟s psychoanalytic theory to show the revenge that character

did in the novel.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 5. An article by Susan Krauss Whitbournee Ph.D. from the University of

Massachusetts Amherst entitled Psychology Tackles Revenge: Equity,

Identity, and Betrayal (2011). This article discusses the full explanation of

revenge, what causes an individual to do revenge, and motive of revenge.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER III

METHOD OF STUDY

3.1. Research Design

This thesis is in the form of thematic analysis study in a literary work that focuses on the analysis of motif which becomes the object of study. This thesis emphasizes more on the analysis of story motif complete with the application of the knowledge related to the problems and objects of study that exist in texts of novels entitled If Tomorrow Comes and The Silent Wife. The writer collected, processed, and analyzed the data to get conclusion of the study. The research method used in this thesis is a qualitative descriptive method. Because the writer will analyze the data descriptively, the presentation of the result is in a form of explanation of words and the results obtained data is not a number, but rather leads to the words, phrases, clauses and sentences expressed by the characters in both novels, Sidney Sheldon‟s If

Tomorrow Comes and A.S.A. Harrison‟s The Silent Wife.

According to Prof. Dr. Lexy J. Moleong, M.A. (2006: 6) qualitative method is a method which intends to understand the phenomenon of what is experienced by research subjects such as behavior, perception, motivation, action, in others, holistically and by way of description is in the form of words and language, in a special natural context by utilizing various natural methods.

In this thesis, library research and internet research are also applied to support and enlarge the writer‟s ideas as well as to get materials and insights which are needed. The analysis involves an exploration of revenge in main character‟s personality as portrayed in both novels, and the results of analysis will be written in

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA explanatory paragraph as well as a table of presentation to support a brief description of the similarities and differences of the related exploration.

3.2. Data and Data Source

The data source of this thesis is two novels, the first novel is an American novel by Sidney Sheldon, If Tomorrow Comes consists of 384 pages, first published in 1985 by Clays Ltd, St Ives plc and the second one is a Canadian novel by A.S.A.

Harrison, The Silent Wife consists of 370 pages, first published in 2013 by Penguin

Books. While the data of this thesis are words, phrases, clauses, and sentences which are derived from the two novels that the writer uses to carry out the analysis.

3.3. Data Collecting Procedure

According to Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014: 46), data collection is divided into four types, those are observation, questionnaire, interview, and study of document. In this thesis, the writer chooses the study of document in collecting the data with steps as follows:

1. Reading the novel If Tomorrow Comes which consists of 384 pages and the

novel The Silent Wife which consists of 370 pages to make the writer has a

clear understanding about the novels.

2. Gathering data source from books, thesis, journals and articles related to

revenge, personality, and comparative literature.

3. Underlining important data which are related to each of problems of study

that have been determined, as a form of evidence of what is stated in

answering the problems of study. By looking at revenge and personality

aspects as well as intrinsic elements of the novels to find how the novels are

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA similar and different to each other in supporting the idea how those aspects

affect the whole idea of both novels.

3.4. Data Analysis

After collecting all the data and information which relate to the problems of study, the data will be combined and analyzed. Since this thesis uses library research, and applied the qualitative descriptive approach. The writer has some steps to analyze the data as follows:

1. Re-reading the data. In this step, the writer re-reads the two novels: If

Tomorrow Comes and The Silent Wife.

2. Interpreting the data. In this step, the writer interprets both novels Sidney

Sheldon‟s If Tomorrow Comes and A.S.A. Harrison‟s The Silent Wife based

on its motif. Both of novels have the similar motif; that is revenge.

3. Selecting the data. In this step, the writer selects quotations from these two

novels which are compatible with personality structures reflecting the

revenge done by main character in both novels.

4. Classifying the data. After selecting the data by finding out quotations, in this

step the writer classifies the selected data into each of problems of study.

5. Analyzing and comparing the data. In this step, the writer analyzes about

revenge in main character‟s personality in both novels based on Sigmund

Freud‟s personality structure theory, after that the writer compares how

exactly revenge in main character‟s personality portrayed in both novels

based on the comparative literature approach.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 6. Transferring the data into a form of tables. In this step, the writer presents

data in the form of tables and a brief description that are designed to combine

structured information which is coherent and easy to understand.

7. Making conclusion.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The chart of the method can be summarized in the pattern below:

AN ANALYSIS OF REVENGE IN MAIN CHARACTER’S PERSONALITY AS PORTRAYED IN SIDNEY SHELDON’S NOVEL IF TOMORROW COMES AND A.S.A. HARRISON’S NOVEL THE SILENT WIFE: A COMPARATIVE LITERATURE

How is revenge portrayed in What are the similarities and main character‟s personality in differences of revenge portrayed novels If Tomorrow Comes and in main character‟s personality in novels If Tomorrow Comes The Silent Wife? and The Silent Wife?

Personality Structure Theory by Comparative Literature Sigmund Freud

Qualitative Descriptive Method

Analysis and Findings

Conclusion

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

In this chapter, the wrier would like to analyze about revenge through the main character‟s personality in the two novels If Tomorrow Comes and The Silent

Wife. As known individual‟s persoality consists of three personality structures, there are: id, ego, and superego. In this chapter the writer will explain and provide evidence of the three personality structures portraying the revenge done by the main character as their behavior in each novel If Tomorrow Comes and The Silent Wife.

4.1. Revenge in Main Character’s Personality Portrayed in Sidney Sheldon’s If

Tomorrow Comes

If Tomorrow Comes is a literary work in the form of a novel written by

Sidney Sheldon. He is both the author and the narrator of If Tomorrow Comes. As the author, Sidney Sheldon creates a main character named Tracy Whitney who will experience many twists of life together with other characters in the story. The plot is linear, although there are several scenes in the story that tell the flashback events, but in essence the story in the novel guide the readers through the events from the beginning until the end. The story took place in two important places where the main character through the important events, they are Philadelphia and New Orleans, around 1985. The theme of the novel is crime and revenge. The novel was written in past tense telling the story of Tracy Whitney‟s life which had changed drastically due to the negative treatments she had received from the people around her. Tracy

Whitney lives in such an almost perfect life, she was on top of the world. Until suddenly, the story explains the reasons for Tracy to take revenge towards the mistreatments she received from people around her. Revenge is a form of behavior

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA that Tracy does in the story, as a form of resistance and self-proof for the people who destroyed her life. Taking revenge as a behavior in resisting against the negative treatments she received, there will be the three personality structures will reflect, influence and determine the behavior Tracy does in the form of revenge itself, they are id in Tracy‟s personality showing how big Tracy‟s desire to take revenge in the story; then it will be the bridge for Tracy‟s ego in finding out the ways to fulfill the desire of revenge showing what actions Tracy did in taking her revenge; as well as

Tracy‟s superego where she realizes both the good and bad values of the deeds she has done in applying her revenge.

4.1.1. Tracy’s Id to Revenge

Id is a human personality structure that acts as an absolute ruler, must be respected, arbitrary, selfish, and what it wants must be done immediately. Id is a desire that humans have to always seek pleasure and reject pain and discomfort. In the novel, If Tomorrow Comes, there are several descriptions of id that Tracy has as the main character who has the desire to take revenge. Because the id is in the human subconscious, then there will be no contact with reality, this means that the id does not know anything that will happen to the main character to fulfill the desire for revenge itself.

Tracy did not answer. She was filled with an emotion totally unfamiliar to her: hatred. Joe Romano is going to pay for killing my mother, Tracy swore to herself. (Sidney Sheldon, 1985: 29)

Emotion and anger will arise automatically when individuals get negative treatment from someone else, whether it is for themselves and the people they love.

Emotion then forms a desire to fight back in order to balance the suffering between them as a victim with the perpetrators. This desire will encourage the individuals to

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA act significantly by giving resistance to show that they are not powerless and have the right to get equity. This happened to Tracy Whitney in the novel If Tomorrow

Comes.

The quotation above illustrates how Tracy‟s anger towards Joe Romano after knowing what that man did to her mother. In fact, Joe Romano is the mastermind behind the suicide that Tracy‟s mother did at the beginning of the story. This is the first reason for Tracy to take revenge, her mother‟s death due to betrayal. With a burning revenge and only using the consideration of id, Tracy tried to find out where

Joe Romano lives, she wanted to make that man pay and be responsible for what he had done. Tracy‟s id, which is in the subconscious even more encouraged Tracy to find a way in releasing tension and eliminate the pain because of her mother‟s death.

The quotation above also explains how much power Joe Romano has, indirectly the quotation describes Joe Romano is always ready to destroy the people‟s lives first before those destroy his. But the id works very chaotically, without any rules makes

Tracy not concerned with what might be happened next. Tracy did not listen to

Otto‟s warning about Joe Romano‟s figure, what Tracy had in mind was that she has to meet that man immediately, destroy his life, to let go of the emotion consists of anger and fulfill the desire for revenge that is formed in the id of her personality.

For what Joe Romano did to her mother, the quotation above shows Tracy‟s anger which is consisted in her id of personality, it will be satisfied if what her id wants can be implemented as soon as possible, to take revenge in order to make Joe

Romano pay for what he had done to suffer her by killing her mother. That‟s how id works, it will produce the sense of satisfaction or the better feeling for the individuals, if what id wants can be implemented in the real behavior carried out by individuals‟ ego in finding out ways to fulfill id‟s desire, in this case the desire to

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA take revenge formed in Tracy‟s id can be implemented through her real action in taking revenge. The quotation below shows what makes id in Tracy‟s personality can be satisfied and produces her better feeling, to make Romano confess and pay for what he had done to her mother.

‗I‘ll tell you what will make me feel better, Mr Romano. Having you confess and pay to exactly what you did to my mother.‘ (Sidney Sheldon, 1985: 33)

The same thing can also be seen in the quotations below, when Tracy must be in prison. Tracy received a lot of mistreatments. All the betrayal, rejection, and deception that Tracy received, made Tracy‟s id even wilder, she increasingly wanted to immediately destroy Joe Romano, his mob gang, and Charles Stanhope III, which can be seen from the quotations below. The quotations below also show Tracy‟s growing anger, because there is nothing she can do to channel the tensions of her anger while she is in prison. When individuals‟ desire is formed in the id of their personality cannot be satisfied, then the desire will continue to urge the individuals themselves causing the discomfort in them. The individuals continue to try to find a way to channel emotions and desires towards something, the longer the desire is granted, the greater the anxiety that individuals will feel, because the main purpose of the id in one‟s personality is to seek pleasure and avoid discomfort, when the discomfort has not been successfully eliminated because the individuals have not found the right way to implement their wishes, so this will torture the individuals themselves. This can also be seen from the quotations below, when Tracy cannot do anything to channel the desire for revenge in the form of the real action of revenge, then she is filled with tremendous anger, emotional turmoil due to receiving ill- treatment from the perpetrators makes her being tortured. Because she can only feel

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA anger and has the desire to avenge but the ego that is supposed to find ways and carry out the id‟s command to take revenge cannot do its role because of the reality that

Tracy was facing in prison; a prisoner should follow all the rules and do not do something wrong.

This thing shows how the id of Tracy‟s personality which is about the emotion, feeling of hatred and anger towards all the negative treatments she received from the perpetrators around her, those feeling of hatred emotion and energy produces a desire about something to avoid discomfort and to seek pleasure in making all the perpetrators feel what she felt towards the negative treatments she received, it consists of the desire to take revenge.

Tracy lay on the thin mattress in the cold darkness, and she was filled with such an overpowering hatred that it literally shook her body. Her thoughts burned and blazed until her mind was empty of every emotion but one: vengeance.

She was going to make them pay. Every one of them. She had no idea how. But she knew she was going to get revenge. Tomorrow, she thought. If tomorrow comes. (Sidney Sheldon, 1985: 65)

‗Joe Romano? You can‘t touch him,‘ Ernestine had said. Ernestine was wrong and Joe Romano was just the first. The others would follow. Every one of them. (Sidney Sheldon, 1985: 113)

In the end, there is nothing wrong with the id Tracy has in her personality, this id actually proves the personality theory by Sigmund Freud, that the way the id works relates to the pleasure principle, which is always seeking pleasure and always avoiding pain as well as discomfort. When a signal that is given by an id to individuals in finding out the ways to resolve a desire, emotion or need is

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA successfully implemented, then individuals will feel satisfaction afterwards. This means that the id did success to get what it wants, no more tension or anxiety because of the discomfort feelings due to the id‟s command that has not been successfully implemented. The quotation below shows the pleasure Tracy feels after fulfilling her desire to take revenge to those who destroy her life, this is the answer that Tracy‟s id in her personality will encourage her to do something to fulfill her desire for revenge. This made Tracy happy because she managed to find a way to resist the pain and tension caused by the anger she felt through revenge.

What a strange word, Tracy thought. Happy. She had forgotten what it meant. She wondered whether she would ever be happy again, whether she would ever feel any normal emotions again. For so long now, her every waking thought had been to avenge what had been done to her mother and herself. And now that it was almost finished. There was only an emptiness and happiness inside her. (Sidney Sheldon, 1985: 145)

4.1.2. Tracy’s Ego to Revenge

The desire of someone to seek pleasure and always avoid discomfort towards something is in the id of personality structures. This id is only a desire to achieve or get something, it is not able to manifest individuals‟ goal to maintain life or protect themselves from danger, pain and tension. This will form a new personality structure, namely the ego. Ego in individuals‟ personality will play a role in carrying out all commands of the id, by finding ways to fulfill the desires dealing with reality without causing difficulties or suffering for individuals themselves. By using ego, individuals start to show the real actions in fulfilling id‟s desire and implementing id‟s command based on reality, which reality that they will face and how they control the ego when they can delay the actions in fulfilling id‟s desire and implementing id‟s command

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA compatible with reality that makes them possible to fulfill and implement those desires and commands.

In If Tomorrow Comes by Sidney Sheldon, Tracy Whitney as the main character has an id‟s control which is strong enough to influence her to face the reality, about what actions she can take in the application of her revenge so that the desire of the id can be satisfied depicted in the ego in Tracy‟s personality. In other words, id is Tracy‟s intention and desire to avenge, which will then be manifested through the ego seen from the actions that Tracy did in taking revenge without complicating or hurting herself.

Tracy pushed out blindly, and her fingers touched the gun. She grabbed for it, and there was a sudden, loud explosion. ‗Oh, Jesus!‘ Romano cried. ‗You shot me… you bitch. You shot me…‘ (Sidney Sheldon, 1985: 34)

Shooting Joe Romano is Tracy‟s behavior as a form of self-defense, she was showing that she is not powerless, to give resistance towards what Joe Romano did to her mother, to balance the suffering she felt as the victim with Joe Romano as the perpetrator, it finally shows how exactly revenge is considered to get the equity in feeling the same suffering Tracy felt because of her mother‟s death.

The quotation above shows what happened at the beginning of the story,

Tracy managed to go to Joe Romano‟s house and shoot that man using a gun ending up with her became the prisoner in Southern Louisiana Penitentiary for Women. This is Tracy‟s action because the great anger after hearing her mother‟s death caused by that man and at that time she really wanted to make Joe Romano confess and pay for killing her mother as her very first revenge in showing that she is not powerless to

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA make Joe Romano feel what her mother felt towards the suicide she did because what

Joe Romano did, that is how ego works no matter what will happen to Joe Romano even he could die because what she did in shooting that man. But it turns out, at that time Tracy‟s id dominated her ego so that it harmed Tracy. Tracy did not see the reality of what could happen when attacking someone with a gun. Ego is a personality structure that works based on the reality principle, meaning that individuals can delay gratification of id by looking for other forms of satisfaction that are more in line with environmental constraints.

Ego helps individuals to use rational thinking skills in achieving the best solutions without harming them. At that time Tracy was unable to find the satisfying form of the id in the right way, at that time, Tracy‟s id was bigger and dominated her personality, so the ego did not succeed in finding the right path for Tracy to channel tension, anger, and the desire to destroy Joe Romano. Tracy was unable to control the id in her to take revenge so that it destroyed herself, because she did not see what kind of reality that could harm her in fulfilling the desire to take revenge formed in id of her personality. The ego that is supposed to bring benefit for Tracy in behaving and finding what kind of right ways she must do to avenge the perpetrators, satisfies her id‟s wishes without bothering herself in the process of revenge, on the contrary it was inferior to the id that was not managed by Tracy, so she did something wrong in making decision to carry out the id‟s desire and command to take revenge.

Tracy was ready for them. She lifted the piece of metal she had concealed in her hand and swung with all her might, hitting one of the women in the face. There was a scream of pain, and Tracy kicked out at the other figure and saw her fall to the floor. ‗Come near me again and I‘ll kill you,‘ Tracy said. Tracy heard the two women moving back to their bunks, breathing hard. Tracy lay there, ready for their next move.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA (Sidney Sheldon, 1985: 70-71)

The quotation above is one form of Tracy‟s revenge through her ego. In prison, Tracy often got negative treatment from her cellmates, except Ernestine.

Some female friends harassed her when Tracy started her day in the same cell as them, in this case Tracy felt that she was being harassed for her identity as a normal woman, they stripped and touched Tracy‟s body roughly. Things like this did not only happen once, until one night the women again harassed Tracy as usual. The difference is, for this one Tracy starts to follow the id‟s command to fight, the quotation above becomes the answer. Tracy‟s ego receives a signal from the id, that there is a feeling of discomfort and anger that has arisen due to the mistreatment.

Freud said that the ego works in individuals‟ personality with the reality principle, it will find a way to carry out the commands and satisfy the desires of the id in any way even though it can harm others, as long as it does not provide difficulties or disadvantages for the individuals themselves. The quotation above shows how

Tracy‟s ego works, she finished off and injured the women who tried to harass her, no matter they were hurt, Tracy did this thing to protect herself. The action was also a form of revenge that Tracy did to not being harmed again by her cellmates and to show that she is not powerless in balancing the power and suffering between her as the victim and those women as the perpretators so she would not get the same negative treatment for the next time.

The ego in Tracy‟s personality can also be seen when Tracy is already out of prison. In the outside world like this, the id‟s desire for revenge never goes out, makes Tracy be free to follow her ego in finding out the ways to be able to fulfill the desire and carry out the command given by the id for revenge.

‗I want to buy some luggage for my husband.‘

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA She stepped over to display of Vuitton suitcases stacked against a wall. ‗Well, I‘m sure he‘ll be pleased with one of these. We have three different sizes. Which one would –?‘ ‗I‘ll take one of each. COD. The name is Joseph Romano. Could you have them delivered to my husband‘s office on Thursday morning? Oh… would you put his initials on them – in gold? That‘s J.R.‘ (Sidney Sheldon, 1985: 121) The quotation above shows how Tracy‟s ego plays a role in carrying out the id‟s command to avenge Joe Romano. Tracy cheated for the slightest fraud. Tracy‟s ego can be seen when she looks for ways to satisfy the desire of id in revenge and do the real applications of revenge itself. Tracy always tries to disguise herself as someone else, like become Joe Romano‟s secretary and wife. This is done by Tracy so that her revenge does not cause difficulties or suffering for herself, that‟s how the ego works, no matter what will happen and harm the real Joe Romano‟s secretary and wife, as long as Tracy, the avenger is satisfied with what she did and managed to get what she wanted.

That is how the ego should work within the personality of individuals, no matter what will happen to others, the most important thing is to think of themselves, benefit themselves, and avoid themselves from discomfort in any way. Tracy‟s ego managed to control the id in her personality, when she managed to find a way and implement the desire of the id to revenge in devious ways without leaving the slightest trace that could harm her as a new perpetrator because she tried to take revenge in order to balance score between her as the victim and Joe Romano as the perpetrator. From the quotations above, it can be seen how Tracy‟s ego works by doing a number of things to destroy Joe Romano, starting from the detriment of that man‟s bank account, making ticket reservations for the most expensive first-class

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA flight ticket equipped with all stunning facilities until ordering three types of luggage with a fantastic price. Both flight ticket and luggage ordered on behalf of Joe

Romano, those will be sent directly to that man‟s house with the Cash on Delivery system. When all the items Tracy ordered were already sent to Joe Romano‟s house, that man should pay the bill. That‟s how ego in Tracy‟s personality plays role in her revenge behavior, it is as the bridge to do the id‟s command to take revenge, so the ego consists of the real actions Tracy did as her revenge in avenging Joe Romano which can be seen from all the actions above. This became a form of revenge by bankrupting Joe Romano, Tracy financially destroying that man, just as same as what that man did to her mother, taking all the business, home, property, the more important one is the life of her mother.

Not only Joe Romano is targeted by Tracy in taking revenge. He is also a

Judge named Henry Lawrence, who betrayed Tracy at the trial of her verdict on the shootings she had committed to Joe Romano. In this case, the ego in Tracy‟s personality also takes role, Tracy again used her ingenuity to avenge Judge Henry

Lawrence.

Tracy composed her revenge actions very neatly, without the slightest trace.

Showing the ego in Tracy‟s personality plays a role in the act of revenge that Tracy did to carry out the id‟s desire for revenge without adversely affecting her life.

Lawrence must be sent to Siberia for four years of hard labor because of accusations of being in a spying mission on Soviet Union. This shows Tracy‟s success in avenging to what Lawrence did to her; compiled the chronology of the shootings that incriminated Tracy‟s punishment at prison in New Orleans.

Things were not going well for Anthony Orsatti, and the capo was unable to figure out why. For the first time in his life, his luck was going bad. It had started with Joe

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Romano‘s defection, then Perry Pope, and now the judge was gone, mixed up in some crazy spy deal. They had all been an intrinsic part of Orsatti‘s machine – people he had relied on. (Sidney Sheldon, 1985: 144)

The quotation above shows how Tracy did success in destroying and avenging all members of the Mafia gang who destroyed her life and her mother‟s life. By taking revenge on Joe Romano and Judge Henry Lawrence in turn, Anthony

Orsatti lost his trusted people who would help him run other evil mafia missions. For what Tracy did in taking revenge to all the Mafia gang members by destroying their business, putting them into bankruptcy, and ruining their lives, Tracy finally did succeed in balancing the score between her as the victim with all the Mafia gang members as the perpetrators. That is how ego works in Tracy‟s revenge behavior, to make the people who hurt her feel suffer because they have made her suffer. Ego in

Tracy‟s personality managed to work together with herself to find the best way by carrying out the actual revenge actions as in the quotations above in carrying out the id‟s desire for revenge and achieving satisfaction.

The following morning Tracy stopped at a florist. ‗I want some flowers delivered to Anthony Orsatti. A funeral wreath of white carnations on a stand, with a wide ribbon. I want the ribbon to read: ―REST IN PEACE‖.‘ She wrote out a card. It said, FROM DORIS WHITNEY‘S DAUGHTER. (Sidney Sheldon, 1985: 145)

The quotation above shows Tracy‟s victory against the Mafia gang, by destroying its members, Tracy was convinced that Anthony Orsatti felt death in his breath. Starting from anger because of the death of her mother due to the betrayal done by Joe Romano, the mistreatments she received from the Mafia gang, and the betrayal of a man she loved. Anger then produces a desire for revenge in id of her

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA personality. Id is then carried out through revenge actions that Tracy does as an ego in her personality. This proves the theory that the ego works on the individual to find a way to satisfy the id‟s desire and implementing the id‟s command for something without harming the individual.

4.1.3. Tracy’s Superego to Revenge

In the novel If Tomorrow Comes there is no superego that plays a role in the application of revenge Tracy does, because this novel is about a woman‟s anger at what the people around her did to her and to her mother. Energy from this very high anger and hatred then formed a strong determination and desire in Tracy‟s mind to avenge. Tracy Whitney wants people who destroyed her life to feel what they did to her. So that in the end Tracy only has one goal; destroying the lives of those who destroyed her life. This certainly disguises the moral values in Tracy‟s life, regarding good and bad behavior that can affect others. In the personality structures, it‟s called as superego. How individuals behave in society with self-control because they hold the values and norms that apply in the society where they live. The superego on

Tracy‟s revenge application is inferior to the wild id, so Tracy keeps trying to find the right ways played by the ego to fulfill immediately the id‟s desire and release the tension caused by anger finally ended up by taking real actions, the ways and real actions which are found is by revenge. So, superego in Tracy‟s personality just appear in the last application of her revenge, when she realizes about something after what she felt due to her anger and desire to avenge the perpretators, then successfully did it in the application of revenge itself. However, this novel provides a lesson, when the anger that Tracy feels due to the death of her mother betrayed by another,

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA making her feel conscious that she must always do good in life as a form of repentance of her revenge. This can be seen from the quotation below.

There was one credo she lived by: she was careful never to hurt the innocent. The people who jumped at her swindles were greedy or immoral, or both. No one will ever commit suicide because of what I‘ve done to them, Tracy promised herself. (Sidney Sheldon, 1985: 242)

The quotation shows how Tracy took lessons from what she had passed, the revenge she did because her sadness over her mother‟s death was unable to heal the wounds she felt. The quotation above seems to mean that, Tracy will never do bad things to someone‟s life, because she will not let someone do the same thing her mother did, which will create sadness and anger from that person‟s relatives himself or herself and ends in revenge. Tracy, does not want other people to feel the loss leads to hatred as she feels. The above quotation also shows that revenge does not give any benefits for Tracy, she cannot bring her mother back to be alive, that revenge only wastes time and energy, creates satisfaction for a while, this makes

Tracy realize that revenge is also the wrong action, but at least she was satisfied with what she had done to the perpetrators who destroyed her life.

4.2. Revenge in Main Character’s Personality Portrayed in A.S.A. Harrison’s

The Silent Wife

The Silent Wife is a non-fiction work written by A.S.A. Harrison. The plot is linear which gives the readers clear idea where the story is going to. The story took place in Chicago, around 2013. The story was written in the third person point of view with theme not-married relationship of man and woman. This non-fiction work is a novel that tells the story of a suffering experienced by a woman because of the treatment of her partner who often commits endless lies leads to infidelity. The love

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA story between the two couples is played by Jodi as a wife and Todd as a husband even though they are not married yet. Jodi, a woman who often quietly accepts all the imbalances in the not-married relationship given by her husband, finally chooses a terrible path to repay all the mistreatments received in her relationship. The motif of the novel is an infidelity committed by a man to his partner of life and revenge by the woman for that. By looking at the story, there are Jodi‟s several reasons which make her want to take revenge to a man who gives her the mistreatments, they are: betrayal done by Todd, the man who cheated on her and equity Jodi didn‟t receive in her relationship with Todd. Revenge is a form of behavior Jodi carried out in the story, at first Jodi was not too keen to fight what Todd did because of the great love for him, but in the end the desire to avenge was due to encouragement from people around her. By looking at the story, the readers will discover how the three personality stuctures of a psychologist influence what choices and ways she chooses in the process of revenge she does towards the infidelity she receives. As a psychologist,

Jodi‟s personality is very prominent, as a normal human being, Jodi must have her inner desire to avoid pain and avenge someone who hurts her showing how id side of personality does exist because in several time A.S.A Harrison writes about Jodi‟s desire in taking revenge on the betrayal her partner of life did, but she pays close attention to the ways and actions she would take in taking revenge to that man which means that Jodi tends to listen to her superego side showing how exactly Jodi knows what the good and bad values for her not-married life with Todd. Until the end of the story, it is told that finally Jodi listens to her id side of personality by following her ego to take revenge to her husband by killing that man mentally and physically.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4.2.1. Jodi’s Id to Revenge

In The Silent Wife, the id in Jodi‟s personality is often inferior to her superego. Because in several times, A.S.A. Harrison wrote down Jodi‟s desire to avoid the discomfort and pain that was felt because of Todd‟s treatment cheating on her by taking revenge. However, Jodi tried to eliminate the desire for revenge formed in id of her personality because she always thinks about the survival of her relationship and the great love for Todd. But, as a normal human being in the novel,

Jodi certainly still has the desire to make Todd feels the consequences of what he has done, because it is a common thing when individuals have a sense of revenge in them, want to make the perpetrators feel the same suffering as they feel. The role of id that does not dominate Jodi in her revenge can be seen from the quotation below.

She‘s aware of her fondness for ledger keeping, a term that marriage counselors use to castigate their clients for keeping a running tally of who did what to whom, which is not in the spirit of generosity that supposedly nurtures a healthy relationship. The way she sees it, generosity is admirable but not always practical. Without some discreet retaliation to balance things out, a little surreptitious tit for tat to keep the grievances at bay, most relationships— hers included—would surely combust in a blaze of resentment. (A.S.A. Harrison, 2013: 110)

The quotation above shows the id‟s role in the revenge that Jodi did. How

Jodi realized that a balanced life is needed, including in a serious relationship. The quotation above shows Jodi‟s awareness that by taking revenge, she is able to dispel sadness, this is certainly in line with how id works in one‟s personality, where individuals in thinking or behaving will always seek pleasure and avoid discomfort.

Because of the feelings of sadness, injustice and inconvenience that Jodi felt due to

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA the infidelity done by her partner, made Jodi‟s id works and sent a signal to her in the form of energy and a human instinct to fight back with revenge.

For what the quotation above shows id in Jodi‟s personality consists of the desire to fight back with revenge in order to balance the things out which means balancing the suffer that she felt because of the infidelity done by her partner, finally

Jodi did a little revenge to fulfill her id‟s desire to take revenge. Id is a personality system that works with the pleasure principle. Individuals‟ desire to get something is an energy and instinct that is signaled by id to those individuals to be carried out. Id works in individuals by prioritizing themselves and whatever it wants must be implemented immediately to achieve satisfaction. For this reason, id in individuals will always seek pleasure and avoid inconvenience in any way, this is also found in

The Silent Wife by A.S.A. Harrison, it can be seen through the quotation below.

Besides, she‘s had her little revenge with the key, and to that extent at least, she feels satisfied. (A.S.A. Harrison, 2013: 90)

The quotation above shows how Jodi managed to do a little revenge on Todd by hiding the house‟s key so that Todd could not go into house. In the quotation, it is clear how Jodi‟s id works, because of cheating in relationship she received, presenting energy and emotion for Jodi to immediately avoid discomfort and do resistance, as a result Jodi is satisfied with what she did. Just like that, the id in Jodi works, when Jodi had the desire to avenge, then it had to be immediately carried out which eventually brought Jodi‟s satisfaction because the id‟s command to fight back had been channeled in the form of revenge.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The id in Jodi‟s personality can also be seen in the quotation below, showing how the desire and signal to avenge felt by Jodi which must be implemented immediately.

―You knew I‘d kick you out is why you didn‘t tell me.‖ ―That‘s not true.‖ ―I would have kicked you out.‖ ―Yes, but that‘s not what I was thinking.‖ ―What were you thinking, Todd? Just tell me that. What was going through your mind? Why would you wait until the second you‘re walking out the door to share the news with me?‖ (A.S.A. Harrison, 2013: 164)

The word „would‟ in the quotation above shows how the id works in an individual, whatever it wishes must be carried out immediately. It can be seen how

Jodi‟s desire to avenge will soon be carried out, no matter what Todd said when

Todd felt that Jodi was not the one who wants to take revenge, but the desire for revenge that is formed in the id of Jodi‟s personality to balance the suffering between her as the victim and Todd as the perpetrator changes the image and characteristics of Jodi who is considered to continue to accept the negative treatment from people around her. The great emotion when individuals get negative treatment from others will encourage them to behave in the real world, it is often a quiet person is more dangerous than someone who talks a lot, we never know what he thinks, plans, and will do, this also happens to Jodi, created as a silent wife precisely describes the side of the id in her personality that grows slowly to encourage her to find a way to avenge the affair that Todd did. The quotation above shows how Jodi listened to id‟s command to fight back by ensuring herself to kick Todd out of the house as a form of revenge.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4.2.2. Jodi’s Ego to Revenge

The id in Jodi‟s personality is wrapped in the form of desires to avoid discomfort and pain due to some negative treatments she received from her partner such as the inequity in their not-married life, and betrayal in the form of infidelity.

Those things become the reasons of the actions Jodi chooses in her revenge. Id only gives a signal and command that Jodi needs to avenge, but the id cannot do it.

Because the id works in the human subconscious. For this reason, Jodi‟s second personality structure starts to form, it works based on the reality principle, where this personality structure will make decisions, find ways and deal directly with the real world to carry out the id‟s command; take revenge in any way without causing difficulties for Jodi herself. That personality structure is called the ego.

Eleven pills. That‘s how many were in the vial, round blue tablets like buttons on a baby‘s smock. She spilled them into her hand and counted them out as she dropped them one by one into her mortar. A woman who grinds up sleeping pills in her kitchen mortar and stirs the resulting chalky powder into her husband‘s bedtime drink could potentially attract a lot of negative attention, could even make a name for herself, but that‘s not how she was thinking about it at the time. It was more a matter of the just and appropriate thing to do. The pills were in his pocket; he was careless enough to leave them there; it was only right that he should be the one to ingest them. If he ingested the pills they would disappear, and in the process the score between them would be settled. (A.S.A. Harrison, 2013: 110)

The quotation above shows how Jodi feels she has the right to carry out the id‟s command to avenge towards the mistreatment Todd who carelessly saves sleeping pills on behalf of another woman. The quotation above shows how Jodi‟s ego works, made the decision to avenge so that Todd felt the consequences of what he did. Jodi gave to drink Todd all those sleeping pills in high doses. How actually

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA this proves that Jodi‟s ego has a role, no matter what will happen to Todd after taking those high doses of sleeping pills, Jodi follows her ego to do the id‟s command and satisfy herself. Jodi assumed, when Todd swallowed sleeping pills on behalf of another woman he had brought home, would fulfill her desire for revenge on Todd‟s betrayal.

She is not required to decide, for example, if she can overcome her reservations, work herself into enough of a rage, do the deed in cold blood, cope with consequences. Lost in a desert, you drink the tainted water that your friend is offering. Fatally afflicted, you put yourself in the surgeon‘s hands. The pros and cons no longer count. The options have run out. Survival is what‘s now on the table. (A.S.A. Harrison, 2013: 266-267)

The quotation above shows what way Jodi chose in taking revenge to Todd even though she had time to think about how the life she would face without Todd, a second later Jodi thought that living without Todd was a new concept that would have a big influence on her life. Jodi will commit a planned murder with Alison, her friend. In the quotation, it can be seen how Jodi‟s ego works to carry out the id‟s command to avenge, Jodi‟s ego is directly confronted with the reality of life, the ego is the main leader in personality. Because of that, Jodi‟s ego will consider and find a way to carry out the id‟s command without thinking of others and cause difficulties for Jodi herself. The quotation above shows how Jodi‟s ego plays a role, she does not care about all the consequences she will receive in the planned murder she is going to carry out, she no longer thinks of Todd‟s life as a bet, all she knows is to defend her life, reclaim her self-esteem as a wife in their not-married life, Jodi listens to the id‟s signal and executes its command in taking revenge.

How many shots did he fire? The news story doesn‘t specify, but the wording of it, the notion that ―one or more gunmen opened fire,‖ implies a volley. Did the first of the

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA bullets hit home? Or did he have a moment to realize his peril, consider what was happening and why? She finds now that she wants very much for him to have seen it coming. This is her wish. That he registered the truth, understood it as her doing, saw that he‘d brought it on himself. (A.S.A. Harrison, 2013: 316)

The quotation above clearly shows how Jodi‟s id produces Jodi‟s desire to fight back in a way of revenge, the quotation above also shows how Jodi‟s ego plays a role in carrying out that command, after Todd‟s death, Jodi wanted Todd to know that it was what Jodi felt. The pain and discomfort given by Todd during his life by way of cheating on her, made Jodi have to do something to eliminate the discomfort and tension she felt. At the quotation, it is very clearly seen that Jodi‟s ego works in the process of revenge, that the act of revenge is not without any basis, Todd who started it all, then what Jodi can do is end all the pain, follow her ego in carrying out the id‟s command to avenge by killing Todd as a form of her revenge.

After carrying out revenge with the form of planned murder that Jodi did,

Jodi is satisfied with what she had done. This proves that the ego does work with the reality principle. When individuals are under pressure, feelings of sadness, pain, and discomfort then they will find a way of resolving to satisfy the desire of the id to get out of discomfort in any way as long as it does not cause difficulties and suffering for individuals themselves. This also happened to Jodi, she chose to satisfy the id‟s desire by doing a planned murder, to her own partner. She did not think of what suffering Todd would feel during the killing process, what was in her head was that she had to end the pain and discomfort immediately due to the betrayal that Todd did. The ego works because of the desires and commands of the id due to all the injustices of the relationship with Todd that Jodi feels, because it turns out that Jodi

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA always tries to fulfill all of Todd‟s needs while that man lives happily with other women, and the betrayal he had done. By carrying out the id‟s desire and succeed in finding a way to avenge. In the end the ego carrying out the id‟s command gives Jodi sense of satisfaction with what she had done. This can be seen from the quotation below.

She feels now as if she‘s been staring into the sun. She saw herself as different from all those others who commit crimes, in a league of her own, subject to a higher justice, but the truth is she‘s been burning out her retinas in a staggering feat of vanity and pride.

(A.S.A. Harrison, 2013: 351-352)

In the quotation, it can be seen how Jodi felt above the point of victory, she felt she managed to get out of a sense of discomfort, ending the tension caused by anger at Todd‟s mistreatments. The quotation above proves, how a person‟s ego really works for herself, no matter what will happen to other people‟s lives, as long as what she does gives benefits and does not cause difficulties, then she will feel satisfaction because she has done what she wants to do and get what she wants to get.

From the quotation above, it can be seen that at the time Jodi succeed in balancing the suffering between her as the victim and Todd as the perpretator, she managed to make Todd suffer because that man had made her suffer.

4.2.3. Jodi’s Superego to Revenge

Before to be too angry and increasingly feeling the impact of Todd‟s betrayal, there is a personality structure within Jodi that sometimes blocks her steps to take revenge. As a psychologist, Jodi certainly understands how to deal with everything without haste, she will notice every decision made in her life. If Jodi has to take revenge by a way as what A.S.A. Harrison wrote, then Jodi would not do it in a

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA careless way, because Jodi did not want to leave a trace that would harm her life.

Jodi knows what to do. The superego, as the last personality structure that refers to morality in the individual‟s personality, how it applies to Jodi‟s life values and plays a role in influencing Jodi‟s thoughts towards conscience that contains good and bad values in thinking and doing actions. This can be seen through the quotation below, when Jodi‟s superego plays a role in applying the revenge Jodi will do.

If she were inclined to dwell on things gone wrong she would have left him or strangled him years ago. (A.S.A. Harrison, 2013: 89)

The quotation above shows how Jodi lives by upholding the values of life, moral values, conscience, and bad good values that apply in society. Jodi at first didn‟t worry too much about the betrayal Todd did in their not-married life, because the quotation above shows how Jodi tried to stick to the right life, even though other people did wrong things to her. The superego in Jodi‟s personality plays a role, influencing Jodi to consider what actions she would take which might not be in accordance with the moral values and bad good values she had been adhering to. In the end, through the quotation above it can be seen that Todd‟s betrayal has been known for a long time by Jodi, but because Jodi did not live to dwell on things that went wrong, she chose to continue accepting Todd whatever the circumstances. That is how the superego works, giving a warning to an individual to think, behave, and live on the right path according to moral values, good and bad values in life.

On the other hand, Jodi is an ordinary human being A.S.A. Harrison created in her novel entitled The Silent Wife. In fact, an ordinary person will never always be quiet and accept the bad treatments he received from others in his life, as well as

Jodi. Jodi, who is known as a silent wife and tries to accept the betrayal and other

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA mistreatments that Todd gave to her, turns out that in the end unable to be patient.

Jodi decides to avenge Todd. All moral and bad good values of life regarding good and bad in acting are inferior to the id which contains anger energy, desire, and

Jodi‟s ego to do resistances in fulfilling id‟s desire and implementing its command to take revenge. When Jodi had succeeded in taking revenge, at that moment Jodi‟s superego reappeared, reminding Jodi of the values of life that were no longer in line with the decisions she made. This can be seen from the quotations below, when Jodi was haunted by guilt over what she did.

Fact number one: Todd is dead. Which she struggles to assimilate even as she realizes that, fact number two: Her guilt is so transparent that the Chicago police have already hunted her down. (A.S.A. Harrison, 2013: 310) Escaping into the bedroom gives her a brief but much- needed respite. Her hands are clammy; her hairline is damp; she feels grubby in spite of having showered. (A.S.A. Harrison, 2013: 321)

The quotations above show how Jodi‟s superego plays a role in Jodi‟s revenge, even though the superego turns out to be inferior to the strong id‟s command to avenge and the ego then tries to find a way to carry out those commands and desire. But it turns out after all the revenge plans are carried out, the superego plays its part again. The two quotations above show how Jodi felt she had done the wrong thing, she felt dirty even though she had taken a shower which meant that the planned murder she had committed against Todd was just like dirtying her own hand, making her constantly haunted by guilt and having to face legal consequences applicable, Jodi feels like she is a woman full of sins which shows how exactly

Jodi‟s superego plays role to give repentance about the revenge behavior she did in the novel. This can also be seen through the quotations below.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Her guilt is hanging on her like that moldy Dior gown she bought last year at auction. (A.S.A. Harrison, 2013: 345) All that she knows or imagines about prison clatters around in her head, a kaleidoscope of vulgar prospects and showy threats. Isolated, with no one to confide in, she‘s given up on herself, fallen prey to a ruinous doomsday mentality. The trial will be a public spectacle; every detail of her life with Todd will be fodder for public consumption. And afterward, when the uproar has died down and people have moved on, long after that, she will still be locked up, trading her mashed potatoes for lipstick or aspirin and doing unspeakable things in the interest of self-preservation. (A.S.A. Harrison, 2013: 348)

Although the superego failed to block Jodi from following her id and ego in revenge she did, the superego finally gave Jodi a warning, that revenge would not produce anything, the quotations above show that Jodi can take lessons, the act of revenge is precisely can harm her own life. That is just how the superego works, awakens an individual to the good and bad values contained in each choice and action taken in life.

4.3. Finding The Similarities and Differences If Tomorrow Comes and The Silent

Wife

Based on the analysis above, there are similarities and differences found in the two novels. The writer presents into tables based on similarities and differences based on revenge in main character‟s personality and based on elements of the both novels.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4.3.1. Similarities and Differences of Revenge in Main Character’s Personality in Both Novels

The writer drawn into a conclusion below showing the revenge portrayed in main character‟s personality in both novels. The list below shows how they and similar to each other:

 Both novels, If Tomorrow Comes and The Silent Wife portrayed revenge in id

of main character‟s personality. As for Tracy as the main character in If

Tomorrow Comes has her own id consists of desire to take revenge because

she received negative treatments from the people around her, starting from

her mother‟s death being betrayed by Mafia gang, her own self being cheated

by Mafia gang, and betrayal she got from Charles Stanhope III. Similarly,

Jodi received negative treatments in the form of betrayal and inequity by her

partner of life, Todd who did infidelity in their not-married relationship, those

negative treatments produces a desire to give resistances by taking revenge to

relieve the feeling of hatred and anger for the negative treatments received.

The perpetrators‟ negative treatments towards both of them which make their

id consists of desire to take revenge needs to be implemented in the real act of

revenge behavior in order to balance the suffering between them and the

perpetrators ended up by receiving the feeling of satisfied because they can

make the people who destroyed their life feel what they feel.

 Both novels, If Tomorrow Comes and The Silent Wife portrayed revenge in

ego of main character‟s personality. By using ego as the bridge to fulfill id‟s

desire and command to take revenge, revenge is not about desire anymore.

Tracy starts to implement those desire and command formed in her id to take

revenge into the real act of revenge by bankrupting and destroying the

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA business of all the Mafia gang members. As for Jodi, her desire to take

revenge formed in her id of personality starts to be implemented by using ego

to arrange a planned murder for the man she loved who betrayed her as a

form of negative treatment. Both Tracy and Jodi use their own ego in finding

out what kind of real action that they will do in taking the revenge itself

without causing difficulties and sufferings for their lives, which ego then

differentiates the revenge behavior done by Tracy and Jodi as the main

character in both novels. Tracy puts all the Mafia gang members into

bankruptcy and destroys their lives as well as their business, while Jodi

arranges the planned murder to kill Todd as the perpetrator.

 Both novels, If Tomorrow Comes and The Silent Wife portrayed revenge in

superego of main character‟s personality. Superego in Tracy‟s personality

takes role after Tracy did successfully take her revenge, it gives moral value

to Tracy that she starts to realizes revenge goes for nothing, she couldn‟t

make her mother to be alive again. Superego in Tracy‟s personality is inferior

to her id and ego, because all she felt was anger and hatred ended up with she

really wants to take revenge to those who destroyed her life and made her

mother did suicide. Then superego in Tracy‟s personality couldn‟t block her

desire and action in taking revenge, it is just as the moral value giver by

reminding Tracy taking revenge is only a moment of satisfaction, for this one

Tracy didn‟t feel guilty committing revenge. She learns, by giving people

negative treatments will make them want to take revenge to balance the

suffering. By having her superego, Tracy realizes that she will never do

negative treatments to other people‟s lives in order to create a balanced life so

that there will be no desire to take revenge. While, Jodi‟s superego in The

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Silent Wife acts as reminder as well as repentance. In her revenge, Jodi‟s

superego sometimes blocks her desire of revenge to be implemented in the

real act of revenge. But as a normal human being who received negative

treatments continuously, then her superego starts to be inferior to her id and

ego ended up Jodi did take revenge to Todd. This thing then produces the

repentance because after taking revenge, Jodi realizes what she did in her

revenge which shows her bad and good values of life starts to tell her about

what she did is not something in line with those values of life. That is why,

Jodi starts to feel the repentance and a little bit guilt towards her revenge

showing her superego plays role in telling Jodi about good and bad values of

life.

Every individual has their own sense of revenge in their heart. But there must be something that makes that sense of revenge starts to form a desire to take revenge and needs to be implemented in the real act of revenge behavior. No one wants to get hurt and negative treatments. That is why, revenge is considered to be the most effective way to eliminate the pain as a real form of demanding equal treatments.

Since revenge is a behavior done by individuals, then it cannot be separated with personality possessed by the individual themselves. How their id consists of desire about something needs to be implemented in the reality by using ego which will find the ways in fulfilling id‟s desire and command about something, as well as how their superego consists of good and bad values of life remind them to live well. From the both novels, the writer shows how exactly those three personality structures portray the revenge behavior done by main character as an individual in a literary work.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Nevertheless, the writer represents the listed personality structure portraying the revenge behavior done by main character in both novels into tables to look at the similarities and differences in easier and clearer way.

a) The Similarities of Revenge in the Novels based on Main Character’s

Personality

The Similarities of Revenge in the Novels based on Main Character’s

Personality

Personality IF TOMORROW COMES THE SILENT WIFE Structure (Tracy Whitney) (Jodi Brett)

Id in Tracy‟s personality Id in Jodi‟s personality consists

consists of desire to take of desire to take revenge because

Id revenge because negative negative treatments from her treatments from Mafia gang and lover Todd.

Charles Stanhope III.

Ego in Tracy‟s personality Ego in Jodi‟s personality consists consists of real action in taking of real action in taking revenge Ego revenge by bankrupting the by committing a planned murder Mafia gang‟s business and to kill Todd. ruining their lives.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA b) The Difference of Revenge in the Novels based on Main Character’s

Personality

The Difference of Revenge in the Novels based on Main Character’s

Personality

Personality IF TOMORROW COMES THE SILENT WIFE

Structure (Tracy Whitney) (Jodi Brett)

- Sometimes Jodi‟s

superego blocks the

desire and Superego in Tracy‟s personality implementation of is as the moral value giver. It revenge that Jodi is trying tells Tracy that revenge goes for Superego to follow. nothing and to not do negative - Superego in Jodi‟s treatments on ones‟ lives. personality produces a

repentance on Jodi‟s life

after what she did in

taking revenge.

4.3.2. Similarities and Differences Based on Elements of the Novel

Throughout the analysis, the elements of the two novels that the writer comes across are listed below. These elements found in the two novels show how they differ and similar to each other.

 The two novels were taken in different places. Sidney Sheldon‟s If Tomorrow

Comes took place in New Orleans and Philadelphia whilst A.S.A Harrison‟s

The Silent Wife took place in Chicago. Showing how people in New Orleans

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA are mixed, well-known as criminal area, while Chicago is the bigger city

which tend to have educated people producing educated behavior as well

even in the form of revenge and that is what happened in the two novels.

 The two novels were taken in the different time. Sidney Sheldon‟s If

Tomorrow Come took time in 1985 while A.S.A Harrison‟s The Silent Wife

took time 2013. The novels show the fact that in different years even with a

fairly long span of time, people never change, they still have the nature of

preying on each other, when there is an imbalance then there will be

resistance as a form of revenge to show the equality of power.

 Both novels, Sidney Sheldon‟s If Tomorrow Come and A.S.A Harrison‟s The

Silent Wife have linear plot. Both stories did involve a flashback of events,

however, the stories were moving through series of events that consist of

introduction showing the characters‟ introduction, conflict showing what the

things that characters face, climax showing the point of the story consists of

how characters face the conflict, denoument showing the events and

complications begin to resolve, and conclusion showing the end of the story

whether it is happy and tragic. The events go in line and continuously.

 Main character of both novels is a woman; however, they have similar as well

as different characteristics that Tracy in If Tomorrow Comes is purposeful,

vocal and strong woman and Jodi in The Silent Wife is a woman full of

silence but dangerous. It shows no matter what the gender is, if someone gets

negative treatments then there will be the resistance as a form of revenge and

self-defense.

 Both novels have similar point of view, which was written in third person

point of view who is the writers themselves. Both novels have the writers of

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA the novels as the outsiders who know all the thoughts, feelings, action, and

events that are owned by the characters.

 Both novels have similar theme which is negative treatments received by the

main character, which produces a motif in the novels; revenge done by main

characters as the victim of negative treatments given by perpetrators in the

two novels. In If Tomorrow Comes by Sidney Sheldon, the victims are two

women, Tracy and her mother. While in The Silent Wife by A.S.A Harrison is

a woman, Jodi.

 Both novels have similar motif which is revenge carried out by the main

character portrayed in their personality consists of three personality structure;

id, ego and superego.

The writer represents the listed elements into tables to look at the similarities and differences in easier and clearer way.

a) The Similarities of the Novels based on Elements of the Novels

The Similarities of the Novels based on Elements of the Novels Elements of the IF TOMORROW COMES THE SILENT WIFE Novel Plot Linear Linear Point of View Third person Third person Negative treatments received: Negative treatments taking revenge towards it. Two received: taking revenge Theme women as the victim, Tracy towards it. A women as and her mother. the victim, Jodi. Motif Revenge Revenge

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA b) The Differences of the Novels based on Elements of the Novels

The Differences of the Novels based on Elements of the Novels Elements of the IF TOMORROW COMES THE SILENT WIFE Novel Setting of Place New Orleans and Philadelphia Chicago Setting of Time 1985 2013 Tracy Whitney: intimate, purposeful, resourceful, Characters of the Jodi Brett: purposeful, strong, educated, symbol of Avenger mindful, educated, calm. feminism, tough, vocal and smart.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1. Conclusion

Based on this analysis that found in the main character in the two novels If

Tomorrow Comes and The Silent Wife have differences on superego. In superego, there is no good and bad values of life that plays a role in the process of revenge that

Tracy did, the superego only plays a role at the end of the revenge process when

Tracy realizes revenge goes for nothing, for that she realizes that doing revenge will only waste one‟s time because revenge only gives a temporary sense of satisfaction to the culprit. It is different from Jodi‟s superego in her personality, it often succeeds in stemming the id‟s desire for revenge and defeating the ego in carrying out the id‟s desire for revenge. Jodi‟s superego also plays a role by givng the repentance Jodi has after what she did in taking revenge, awakening Jodi that what she did in revenge was an action and behavior that was not in line with the good and bad values in life.

But, both of them have similarities in id and ego of their personality, showing the desire for revenge due to overwhelming emotions because of receiving negative treatment from people around their lives. In the ego of Tracy‟s personality, the act of revenge that Tracy did was by destroying the lives of perpretators and putting them into bankruptcy, it is similar with Jodi‟s ego, by using her second personality structure she starts to deal with reality and implement the id‟s desire and command to take revenge by doing small revenge first and finally making plans to commit a premditated murder to Todd as a perpetrator.

The point is that every person has three personality structures formed in personality. These three structures have their respective roles and duties in

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA influencing and portraying the ways of thinking and behavior that individuals do in life. As in the two novels, the personality of each main character shows how the id, ego and superego describe revenge as their behavior. Revenge carried out by each of the main characters in the two novels is not without reason, they receive negative treatments from the people around them, for the different negative treatments they receive will influence how their three personality structures begin to play roles in producing similarities and differences of revenge as their behavior.

5.2. Suggestion

The writer hopes that everyone who has the same idea with the writer can develop this thesis to get more understanding about revenge that is portrayed through personality. The writer also hopes to English Literature students may study more about this problem because this thesis also reflects the real condition from the people today.

At the end of this thesis, the writer suggests readers to act wisely within society. As can be seen in the analysis above, that someone might have affected badly by our action. We can‟t say that women couldn‟t do something or fight with negative treatments we deliver to them. Children, men and women are three different creatures with different roles. However, it is not something that we should hold on to give inequity action, harrass identity, and betray each other. Therefore, by respecting each other‟s roles and norms, the world we live in definitely will get the better of it; within individuals, social groups and instituions, and there will be no revenge done by human beings. No one will get hurt, life will be in peace if we respect each other.

It is also important for us to control our personality, because when we behave we

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA should adjust our life values with our behavior in following the desire or emotion we have.

Comparative Literature would help the readers to open up their eyes and look at different national literary works which represents the respective society which possibly have the same social problems, the readers can take the values of life and apply them in their lives. Therefore, the authors of the two novels help people to see the possible issue on someone‟s revenge because of negative treatments he or she receives from society.

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA APPENDICES

i. Biography of Sidney Sheldon

Sidney Schechtel better known by his pen name Sidney Sheldon is an

American author. He was born on February, 11st 1917 in Chicago. He began writing as a youngster and at the age of ten he made his first sale of a poem for $10.

During World War II, he served as a pilot in the Army Air Corps. After the war he established a reputation as being a prolific writer in the New York theater community. At one point during this career he had three musicals on Broadway including a rewritten version of The Merry Widow, Jackpot and Dream with Music.

Eventually he received a Tony award as part of the writing team for the Gwen

Verdon hit Redhead which brought to the attention of Hollywood.

Sheldon‟s first novel, The Naked Face, was described by the New York

Times as “the best first mystery of the year”. There followed The Other Side of

Midnight, Stranger in the Mirror, Bloodline, Rage of Angels and Master of the

Game, all available in Pan. By the massive and deserved success of these sic novels, and by the following that they and their films have earned him, Sidney Sheldon has in a short time become one of the great international best sellers of all time.

Sheldon died on January, 30th 2007 of complications from pneumonia at

Eisenhower Medical Center in Rancho Mirage, California according with his wife,

Alexandra, was by his side. Along with his wife, Sheldon was survived by his daughter, author Mary Sheldon; his brother Richard and two grandchildren.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ii. Biography of A.S.A. Harrison

Susan Angela Ann Harrison was born on March, 7th 1948, in Toronto, to

Douglas, a chemical engineer, a homemaker and photographer. In suburban North

York she grew into a tall, intensely bright, inquisitive young woman with a flare for rebellion.

After two years of art school, Harrison quit, announcing her intention to become a writer. Her pen name, A.S.A. Harrison, was a riff on stuffiness, and masked her gender. With the artist AA Bronson she wrote a porn novel, Lena, under the name A.C. McWhortle; published in 1970, it was quickly banned. She married the video artist Rodney Werden and, armed with a reel-to-reel recorder, began interviewing women for her 1974 book Orgasms, a series of Q&As that dealt frankly with women and sexual climax.

Under the guidance of the performance artist and stripteaser Margaret Dragu she experimented with striptease herself, and toured Quebec. In a book written with

Dragu, Revelations: essays on striptease and sexuality, she used clipped prose to explore the topic: “Canada has the best striptease in the world,”

On a lark, Harrison wrote Zodicat Speaks, a guide to feline astrology. Yet she longed to write fiction and for that big audience. If her avant-garde past once made her suspicious of narrative as stodgy and bourgeois, she now embraced it, writing two mystery novels.

Her debut novel, a Chicago-set thriller titled The Silent Wife, is slated for

June publication by Penguin Canada. It will likely bring her a mainstream audience

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA for the first time and fame she did not live to enjoy. She died at home in Toronto on

April 14, of ovarian cancer, at 65 during her work on a new psychological thriller.

iii. Summary of If Tomorrow Comes

The book tells the story of a woman named Tracy Whitney, who considered herself the luckiest woman in the world. She performed well at her job at a bank and was going to marry a man of high society, Charles Stanhope III, who was loving and handsome, and rich, everything a woman could want. This feeling of happiness only lasts until a tragedy happens to her mother, Doris Whitney, who commits suicide after being tricked by a con man named Joe Romano and loses their money. He is part of a mafia that controls the town, whose leader is Orsatti. Tracy decides to start a confession of a man to avenge her mother by shooting that man, not only that Tracy also falls into a trap. This makes Tracy needs to face the law, her lawyer, Perry Pope, says that she must confess the crime to be acquitted by a Judge Henry Lawrence, who was his friend, but discovers that Perry Pope and Judge Henry Lawrence are willing to send her to prison which means Tracy being trapped for the second time by the mafia gang. Then, Tracy is sentenced to fifteen years of imprisonment. Her boyfriend, fearing for the reputation of his family, leaves her. As a consequence, she is going to the Southern Louisiana Penitentiary for Women. The place is violent and dangerous, and Tracy is raped on the first day, losing her baby. Then she suffers the threats of death. To save the life of the warden‟s daughter, Amy, she manages to become free before the deadline, and begins to dream up the revenge against all who had injured her, among them are Perry Pope, Charles Stanhope, Henry Lawrence, and of course, a mafia boss who fooled his mother, and Orsatti.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Being a woman full of in suffering makes Tracy has her own philosophy:

“Sometimes life can be unfair, she thought, and it‘s up to us to even things out.” The book tells the story, shows the inevitable, miracles and justice, and the way life can turn. There are a lot of comparisons and contrast, of the people‟s actions, of the wrong decisions and of the ways people pay for all that. The book shows that the person‟s destiny is in his hands, that everything is possible and that faith determines a lot in life.

iv. Summary of The Silent Wife

Jodi Brett is a forty-five-year-old woman who lives with her long-term partner, Todd Gilbert. They have been together for twenty years and lead a comfortable life in Chicago. Todd is a successful real estate developer whom Jodi met when he was still a struggling agent; Jodi is a part-time psychotherapist. She used to have a larger roster of patients, but cut back after a teenager she was counseling committed suicide.

Todd is having an affair with his best friend Dean‟s daughter Natasha. Todd is planning to leave Jodi for Natasha since she is younger and can still have children.

However, he has not told Jodi, nor has Natasha told Dean. Todd reflects that since beginning to see Natasha, his depression has lifted and he feels better mentally and physically. Without Todd around, Jodi struggles to fill time, calling several friends who all put her off because they are busy. She reveals that she has a vicious and vengeful streak, hiding several of Todd‟s things and generally causing trouble for her as revenge for going away.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Todd learns that Natasha is pregnant, which comes as a shock to him. He is deeply anxious about having to reveal his affair before he feels ready. Todd agrees that he will finally tell Jodi the truth. However, before he is able to, Dean calls Jodi, revealing everything. Jodi had already suspected something is amiss because she found a bottle of sleeping pills prescribed to Natasha among Todd‟s things. From the very first time, after knowing Todd‟s affair and Natasha‟s pregnancy, the revenge begins to grow in Jodi‟s mind. Here, showing how a psychologist fights herself to determine what kind of actions she will do in facing the betrayal from someone she loves.

Jodi‟s friend Alison helps her in planning the premeditated murder to Todd.

Todd makes plans to meet a waitress named Ilona, but on the way to their date, he is shot by the hitman Alison hired. Jodi receives word while she is out of town and rushes back to Chicago, though she is already beginning to worry that she is a suspect in the case. She is interviewed in her home by a detective named John

Skinner, who angers and irritates her with his intrusive questions about her separation from Todd. Jodi spends several days in fear until Detective Skinner returns and informs her that he has arrested Dean for the murder. Jodi has a nervous breakdown due to the guilt she feels over letting Dean take the fall for her. As she recovers in the hospital, she learns that evidence does point to Dean as the murderer, indicating that the plan she formed with Alison never happened. After being released from the hospital, she reflects on what she has learned and how the situation has worked out for the best for her, but that other people have also benefited in various ways.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA