1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 2411
Am NATIONAL GUARD Harold E. Rolfe, Topanga. MINNESOTA The officers named herein for appointment Blythe W. Richards, Tracy. Harvey M. Madson, Grand Rapids. as Reserve commissioned officers in the Charles Hugh Ross, Tulare. Keith W. Oleson, Isanti. United States Air Force for service as mem Warren F. Hollingsworth, Turlock. Darrell W. Matter, Lyle. bers of the Air National Guard: Roy A. Ray, Upland. Carrol J. Strom, St. James. Brig. Gen. Laurence Coffin Ames, A0131519, Fred H. Jenkins, Watsonville. Jame::; P. McCoy, Savage. to be major general, California Air National COLORADO George H. Carrell, Zum·brota. Guard, to date from October 12, 1953. Austin C. Bledsoe, Fleming. NEBRASKA Brig. Gen. Guy Nelson Henninger, Phillip J. Woods, Las Animas. Eugene J. O'Neill, St. Libory. A0129883, to be major general, Nebraska Air Reba L. Bradley, Palmer Lake. National Guard, to date from October 12, NEW JERSEY 1953. CONNECTICUT Wilbur F. Rue, Allentown. Brig. Gen. James Alvin May, A0356464, to Ellen S. Breining, Bloomfield. Thomas Alfred Stevens, Cape May. be major general, Nevada Air National Guard, Margaret H. Merrill, Essex Fells. to date from October 12, 1953. FLORIDA Wilbur A. Smock, Farmingdale. Brig. Gen. Errol Henry Zistel, A0286558, to Thelma S. Speer, Boca Grande. Robert F. Wichmann, Little Silver. be major general, Ohio Air National Guard, Bernard O'Brien, Panama City. Richard G. Haffey, Longport. to date from October 12, 1953. GEORGIA Eleanor S. Howell, Stewartsville. Col. Lewis Allen Curtis, A0729140, to be Mattie H. Chandler, Keysville. Harry Thomas Applegate, Toms River. brigadier general, New York Air National Lloyd C. Ricks, Macon. George R. Baldwin, Wenonah. Guard, to date from October 12, 1953. Albert D. McKee, Moultrie. William C. Nestor, Westfield. Col. Joseph Jacob Foss, A0944215, to be Leon E. McElroy, Woodbridge. brigadier general, South Dakota Air National ILLINOIS Louis A. Pime, Woodbury. Guard, to date from October 12, 1953. Carrie L. Smith, Bellflower. OREGON Col. Maurice Adams Marrs, A0274899, to be Donald w. Fraser, Blue Island. William A. Rees, Fairview. brigadier general, Oklahoma Air National Alan E. Rigg, Bone Gap. Guard, to date from October 12, 1953. Glendora V. Smith, Grass Valley. Charles E. Eyestone, Brownstown. Walter E. Sneddon, Lowell. Col. Winston Peabody Wilson, A0398325, Gertrude E. Dean, Flossmoor. to be brigadier general, Arkansas Air Na Robert R. Ireland, Milton-Freewater. Harley Gustine, Greenfield. Herbert R. Parker, Oakland. tional Guard, to date from January 21, 1954. Orville 0. Rathbun, Gridley. James H. Grieve, Prospect. IN THE NAVY Frank A. Smallwood, Harmon. Gregory M. Sheahen, Highland Park. PENNSYLVANIA The following-named (Naval Reserve Of James A. Hight, Karnak. Franklin Levis Stringfellow, Chester. ficers' Training Corps) to the grade indicated Milo L. Craig, Kewanee. William H. Anderson, Ebensburg. tn the Navy, subject to qualification therefor John S. West, Lockport. Earl M. Miller, Elizabethtown. as provided by law: Cynthia Afton Stewart, Olive Branch. Kathryn E. Kurtz, Leacock. To be ensigns Edgar J. Baldwin, Palos Park. George A Paul, McConnellsburg. Charles P. Andersen Cecil C. Davis (Naval Curtis Fenton, Sims. Elmer B. Neff, Mount Holly Springs. Thomas R. McCalla Reserve aviator) Harold J. Winans, Sycamore. Milton L. Dodge, Smethport. James L. Rousey, Wapella. Gordon R. Papritz Lee H. Sherman SOUTH DAKOTA Ernest E. Ritchie (Naval Reserve Kenneth J. Tate, Waterman. Clifton M. Evans, Waukegan. Florence M. Weiland, Marion. Gerald K. Seiple aviator) Vada E. Koehne, Oldham. Daniel W. Urish IOWA Elmer R. Humeston, Redfield. To be lieutenant (tunior grade), Medical Arthur M. Robinson, Bayard. Chester A. Beaver, Yankton. Kenneth C. Anderson, Clinton. Corps TEXAS Charles K. Deeks Ralph 0. Woods, Colfax. Louis F. Obye, Estherville. John Brice Jones, Baird. To be lieutenant (1unior grade) Chaplain. Keith H. Radloff, Farmersburg. James T. Jolley, Clarksville. Corps Stewart L. Schwab, Guthrie Center. Dudley C. Jernigin, Fort Worth. Donald F. Kingsley, Jr. Donald E. Clayton, Hamburg. William X. Priesmeyer, Garwood. Arthur J. Wartes Lewis L. Welden, Iowa Falls. Mario M. Seymour, Jacksonville. Jack H. Zoellner James Emerson Evans, Joice. Nell G. Pryor, Kirbyville. Goldie M. Schneider, Popejoy. Julia W. Toalson, Kyle. To be lieutenant, Dental Corps Erwin G. Dieter, Rock Rapids. Guy Wetzel, Longview. Marvin H. Scott Norman W. Jespersen, Royal. Rufus L. Boren, Mart. Morris G. Dahl, Sloan. Cecil F. Sorell, Mission. To be lieutenant (junior grade) Dental Corps Bertrand T. Hansen, Navasota. Ernest M. Pennell, Jr. KANSAS Frank N. Cook, Olney. Paul A. Koppes Esther L. Thomm, Athol. Allie M. Sanders, Scurry. Julius E. Lueders Reuben H. Moore, Holton. Thomas Everett McClanahan, Slaton. POSTMASTERS Edward J. Schoenhofer, St. Paul. Margie Hugonin, Tomball. ARIZONA LOUISIANA VERMONT John W. Crozier, Benson. Alton Leander Lea, Baton Rouge. Lois G. Hughes, Bomoseen. Richard E. Lawrence, Jerome. William C. Tucker, Haynesville. vmGINIA Ollie C. Wilson, Scottsdale. MAINE Fit?-ltugh L. Davis, Altavista. ARKANSAS Ralph A. Miles, Jr., Burnham. William L. Skinnell, Bedford. Thomas H. Edwards, De Queen. Arthur Atwood Anderson, Caribou. Tousley M. Hooker, Berryville. Bentley L. Glidden, Damariscotta. Marian H. Gardner, Fredericks Hall. CALIFORNIA George W. Warren, Dover-Foxcroft. Thomas W. Travis, Keysville. Arney L. Weiser, Aptos. James M. Mcintosh, Orange. MARYLAND Robert H. Marshall, Bakersfield. Wilbur R. Johnston, Winchester. Edwin R. Vetter, Big Creek. Nelsie M. Hannon, Accokeek. Emil J. Nelson, Brookdale. Robert R. Ripple, Clinton. Martha L. Ward, Canby. Anna V. Groves, Glenn Dale. Carl H. Stahlheber, Chula Vista. MASSACHUSETTS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Charlie L. Veitch, Compton. Martha Helen Lindsey. Huntington. Ellen G. Goforth, Covelo. Mabel Griffin, Mendon. MONDAY, MARCH 1,1954 Ronald L. Pascoe, Gustine. John J. Gobeil, New Bedford. Donald H. Onstad, lone. Emile F. St. Onge, Ware. The House met at 12 o'clock noon. John Healy, Livingston. EdwardS. Chadburn, Needles. MICHIGAN ' The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Bra.skamp, William L. Klette, North Fork. Lewis G. Howe, Bath. D. D., offered the following prayer: S. Merritt Williams, Palm Springs. Clair E. Courtade, Buckley. Almighty God, whose divine laws and Eugene E. Schulenburg, Pismo Beach. ::1ernard C. Shankland, Cadillac. beneficent purposes are the only foun John H. Shewman, Pomona. Lawrence A. Olson, Coleman. Warren J. Bond, San Quentin. Harold J. Geers, Kent City. dation of a social order wherein dwelleth Louis Sibilia, Santa Maria. George W. Crist, Litchfield. righteousness and peace, we thank Thee Leola E . Heinz, Shingle. James Martin Littlejohn, New Buffalo. for this new week. Alma W. LaChambre, Sunset Beach. Carl E. Dennis, Rockford. Grant that daily we may be inspired Elizabeth J. Otto, Temecula. George E. Osgood, St. Johns. to see that the human race, which is 2412 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD -HOUSE March 1 one in origin and destiny, must also be on the part of the Senate·, as providetl for in welfare organizations-such as CARE one in a great fellowship of good will the act of August 5, 1939, entitled "An act to for distribution to needy persons outside and friendship, of sympathy and service. provide for the disposition of certain records of the United States Government," for the the United States, but the recipients Help us to understand that if our disposition of executive papers referred to must pay transportation and handling religious faith has in it the principle of in the report of the Archivist of the United costs from the point of storage. the fatherhood of God then its practice States numbered 54-8. This bill will authorize CCC to pay not must be that of the brotherhood of man. Respectfully yours, only transportation charges within the Show us how we may hasten the LYLE 0 . SNADER, United States but also packaging and dawning of that blessed time when the Clerk of the House of R epresentatives. handling charges necessary to make the human heart shall be impervious to all food available to the recipient agency, feelings and attitudes of hatred arid SIGNING OF ENROLLED BILL and storage charges not to exceed 30 prejudice and bigotry. days at the point of delivery. May men and nations everywhere be The SPEAKER. The Chair desires to The purpose of the bill is to permit partners in the moral and spiritual en announce that pursuant to the authority CCC to deliver surplus commodities in terprise of building a nobler world order granted him on Thursday, February 25, qulk to organizations and agencies for and may each day be radiant with the 1954, he did on February 26, 1954, sign their distribution. CCC is specifically promises of a more magnanimous and the following enrolled bill of the Senate: prohibited by provisions of the bill from brotherly spirit. S. 2175. An act to amend title VI of the undertaking any of the distribution to In Christ's name we bring our peti Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, as individuals. tions. Amen. amended, wit h respect to the retirement of Although CARE and similar agencies. employees in the legislative branch. The Journal of the proceedings of are not mentioned in the bill, it will per Thursday, February 25, 1954, was read mit CCC to deliver surplus commodities and approved. NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL ON to ocean ports within the United States and there turn them over to such or INTERNATIONAL MONETARY AND ganizations for relief distribution over MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT FINANCIAL PROBLEMS-MESSAGE seas. A message in writing from the Presi FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE It is far better to give food away than· dent of the United States was communi UNITED STATES (H. DOC. NO. 338) to let it spoil. If it is needed in our cated to the House by Mr. Tribbe, one The SPEAKER laid before the House own country for distribution to ·needy of his secretaries, who also informed the the following message from the President persons, I think it should be used here. House that on February 27, 1954, the of the United States, which was read, If there is more than we need for that President approved and signed a bill of and, together with the accompanying purpose, then we should make it avail the House of the following title: papers, referred to the Committee on able for relief overseas. H. R. 1160. An act for the relief of Cornelio Foreign Affairs and ordered to be printed ·If my bill is enacted, I think it will and Lucia Tequillo. with illustrations: make possible a big increase in distri bution of our surplus foods to needy To the Congress of the United States: people both. here and abroad. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE I transmit herewith, for the informa Latest figures of the CCC show that tion of the Congress, a report of the Na it has on hand, among other commodi A message from the Senate, by Mr. tional Advisory Council on International Carrell, one of its clerks, announced that ties, the following quantities of foods: Monetary and Financial Problems cover 275 million pounds of butter, 290 million the Senate insists upon its amendments · ing its operations from April 1, 1953, to to the joint resolution vation is owned by Indians who are the personnel received commissioned officer re to promote the national defense and to gran tees of oil and gas under this act and tired pay. contribute to more effective aeronautical who are competent to manage their own research by authorizing professional affairs, he is authorized and directed to issue The bill was ordered to be engrossed fee patents t o them for such interest. and read a third time, and was read to personnel of the National Advisory Com "SEc. 5. No oil and gas lea~ e which was the third time, and passed. mittee for Aeronautics to attend accred entered into pursuant to the first section of The title was amended so as to read ited graduate schools for research and the act of March 3, 1927, which covers in "A bill to entitle enlisted men and war study. whole or in part the lands referred to in The SPEAKER. Is there objection to sections 1 and 2 of this act, and which is in rant officers advanced to commissioned rank or grade who are restored to their the present consideration of the bill? effect on the date of enact ment of this act. Mr. McCORMACK. Reserving the shall be affected by reason of the enactment former enlisted or warrant officer status of this act, except that any royalties and pursuant to section 3 of the act of right to object, Mr. Speaker, and I shall other moneys payable under such lease after June 19, 1948 (62 Stat. 505), to receive not object, I take this opportunity, since such date of enactment, which are attributa retired enlisted or warrant officer pay this bill relates to research, to call the ble to the oil and gas granted to an Indian from November 1, 1946, or date of ad attention of the House to the fact that by sections 1 or 2 of this act shall be pay in our armed services, particularly some able to such Indian, or if such Indian is de vancement, to date of restoration to enlisted or warrant officer status." of the branches of our armed services, ceased, to his heirs or devisees. there is a very unfortunate situation "SEc. 6. This act shall not apply to oil and A motion to reconsider wa!:i laid on the existing in connection with our scientists. gas in tribal land which, on the date of the table. enactment of this act, is otherwise undis To me, the field of science, basic and posed of. applied, is a matter of vital importance "SEc. 7. Any and all moneys collected by AMENDMENT OF ALASKA PUBLIC not only to the peacetime activities of the tribes as advance rentals, bonus, and WORKS ACT our country but particularly in connec royalties of oil and gas leases after March 3 , The Clerk called the bill (H. R. 2683) tion with our national defense. 1927, and prior to the transfer of said oil One of those scientists might conceive and gas rights pursuant to this act to said to amend section 12 of the Alaska Public individual Indians may also be paid by au Works Act, approved August 24, 1S49 something that would save the lives of thority of said executive board to the indi (63 Stat. 629). 100,000 American boys wearing the uni vidual Indians to whom said oil and gas form. One of them might conceive There being no objection, the Clerk something of great benefit to our country rights are transferred pursuant to this act. read the bill, as follows: "SEc. 8. The provisions of this act shall that would be revolutionary in nature not be effective unless approved in a refer Be it enacted, etc., That section 12 of the not only in connection with our domestic endum by a majority of the members of Alaska Public Works Act, approved August economy and situation but particularly the Fort Peck Tribe actually voting therein: 24, 1949 (63 Stat. 629), is amended to read as in connection with our national defense. Provided, That the total vote cast shall not follows: be less than 30 percent of those entitled to "SEc. 12. The authority of the adminis I have a great deal of respect for our vote. This referendum shall be conducted trator under this act to provide public works scientists. They are quiet men, most of on not less than 60 days' notice under the and to enter into agreements with applicants them unassuming, but they contribute direction of the Secretary of the Interior or· in connection therewith shall terminate on greatly. Not only have they contributed his duly authorized representative." June 30, 1959, or on the date he obligates greatly in the past but their future con The committee amendment was for such purposes the total amount author tributions will also be of great benefit ized to be appropriated hereunder, which to our country. agreed to. ever first occurs." The bill was ordered to be engrossed I have ascertained that many of our and read a third time, and was read the With the following committee amend scientists in the armed services are third time, and passed. ment: very much distressed with the conditions The title was amended so as to read: Page 1, line 6, strike out "Administrator" under which they are working, where ..A bill to grant oil and gas in lands and and insert "Secretary." some of the military, and I shall not to authorize the Secretary of the In mention individuals, are undertaking to The committee amendment was dominate their activities rather than to terior to issue patents in fee on the Fort agreed to. Peck Indian Reservation, Mont., to in cooperate with them, each cooperating dividual Indians in certain cases." The bill was ordered to be engrossed with the other. A motion to reconsider was laid on and read a third time, was read the My purpose in rising today is not to be the table. third time, and passed, and a motion to critical, but to call to the attention of reconsider was laid on the table. my colleagues this situation which I have been following for the past 3 or 4 years. RETIRED ENLISTED AND WARRANT It is not anything new. I had taken it up OFFICER PERSONNEL AMENDMENT OF HAW AllAN with former President Truman. He made The Clerk called the bill Indiana, AUTHORIZING ADMISSION OF CITI Revised Statutes or to section 3 of the act upon the terms and conditions and for the of June 30, 1950 (64 stat. 304) ." consideration set forth in section 2, all the ZENS OF THAILAND AND BELGIUM right, title, and interest of the United States TO UNITED STATES MILITARY AND Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. in and to certain land (hereinafter referred NAVAL ACADEMIES Speaker, I offer an amendment to the to as Federal land) situated in Marion committee amendment. County, Ind., together with all fixtures and The Clerk called the resolution United States Navy by reason of their property situated in Marion County, Ind. State of Indiana, the United States shall 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - - HOUSE 2423 have the right -to the exclusive or nonexclu SEc. 3. Nothing herein contained shall pre Radwan Roosevelt Vursell sive use of all or any part of the Federal land, vent the State of In diana from granting Richards St. George Wainwright for the full period of such war or national leases of said lands and right s and easements Riehlman Scrivner Weichel emergency without cost to the United States. therein and thereon without t h e consent of Rivers Sheppard Wharton Robsion, Ky. Short Upon the expiration of such war or national the Secretary of Defense providing any such Robeson, Va. Taylor emergency the use of the Federal land shall leases, rights, and easements are made sub cease in favor of the State of Indiana. ject to the right of use thereof by the United The SPEAKER. On this rollcall, 370 (2) In consideration of the conveyance of States during war or nat ional emergency. Members have answered to their names, the Federal land, the State of Indiana shall a quorum. agree not to sell, convey, or otherwise dispose With the following committee amend of all or any part of certain land or improve ments: By unanimous consent, further pro ceedings under the call were dispensed ments thereon (hereinafter referred to as P age 4, line 9, after the word "land", insert State land) comprising Stout Field, situated the words "and all improvement s thereon." with. in sections 17, 18, 19, and 20, township 15 Page 7, line 1, after the word "la nd", insert north, range 3 east, second principal merid the words "includin g any improvements FURTHER MESSAGE FROM THE ian, Marion County, Ind., and more particu thereon." larly described as follows: SENATE Beginning at a point at the center of sec The committee amendments were A further message from the Senate, tion 17, township 15 north, range 3 east, sec agreed to. ond principal meridian, said point being the by Mr. Carrell, one of its clerks, an The bill was ordered to be engrossed nounced that the Senate had passed intersection of the center line of Minnesota and read a third time, was read the Avenue an d Holt Road; thence south along without amendment a bill of the House the north-south center line of section 17 and third time, and passed, and a motion to of the following title: the center line of Holt Road three thousand reconsider was laid on the table. The SPEAKER. This completes the H. R. 80f9. An act to amend the act of four hundred ninety-three and fi.fty-nine July 10, 1953, which created the Commission one-hundredths feet to a point, said point bills on the Consent Calendar today. on Intergovernmental Relations. being the intersection of the center line of Holt Road and Wade Street; thence in a westerly direction along the center line of MEXICAN AGRICULTURAL LEAVE OF ABSENCE Wade Street extended three thousand four WORKERS hundred forty-five and eighty-nine one By unanimous consent, leave of ab hundredths feet to a point; thence in a Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, sence was granted to Mr. HILLELSON (at northerly direction nine hundred thirty-two I call up House Resolution 450 and ask and thirteen one-hundredths feet to a point the request of Mr. SHEEHAN), for today, for its immediate consideration. on account of official business. on the north line of Raymond Street ex The Clerk read the resolution, as fol tended, said point being two hundred nine teen and seventy-eight one-hundredths feet lows: east of the east line of Denniston Street; R esolved, That upon the adoption of this EXTENSION OF REMARKS thence in a westerly direction along the north resolution it shall be in order to move that By unanimous consent, permission to line of Raymond Street extended two hun the House resolve itself into the Committee dred nineteen and seventy-eight one-hun of the Whole House on the State of the Union extend remarks in the RECORD, or tore dredths feet to a point in the east line of for the consideration of House Joint Resolu vise and extend remarks, was granted Denniston Street; thence north along the tion 355, amending the act approved July 12, to: east line of Denniston Street one thousand 1951 (65 Stat. 119, 7 U. S. C. 1461- 1468), as Mr. ScHENCK and to include extrane 4 one hundred sixty-five and twenty-one one amended, relating to the supplying of agri ous matter. hundredths feet to a point; thence in an cultural workers from the Republic of Mexico. Mr. ANGELL to extend his remarks in easterly direction along a line parallel to La After general debate, which shall be confined the REcORD following the legislative pro grand Avenue eight hundred fifty-nine and to the joint resolution, and shall continue thirty-one one-hundredths feet to a point on not to exceed 2 hours, to be equally divided gram and to include extraneous matter. the east line of Roena Avenue; thence north and controlled by the chairman and ranking Mrs. KEE. along the east line of Roena Avenue one minority member of the Committee on Agri Mr. YORTY in five instances and to thousand four hundred ninety-three and culture, the joint resolution shall be read for include extraneous matter. seventy-nine one-hundredths feet to a point amendment under the 5-minute rule. At the Mr. BOLAND and to include resolutions. on the east-west center line of section 18; conclusion of the consideration of the joint Mr. SIEMINSKI in two instances and to thence in an easterly direction along the resolution for amendment, the Committee include extraneous matter. east-west center line of sections 18 and 17, shall rise and report the joint resolution to Mr. HOLIFIELD and to include extrane 4 and the center of Minnesota ,Avenue two the House with such amendments as may thousand seven hundred ninety-one and have been adopted, and the previous ques ous matter. eight-tenths feet to a point of beginning; tion shall be considered as ordered on the Mr. REECE of 'Tennessee. containing two hundred fifty-eight and ten joint resolution and amendments thereto to one-hundredths acres, more or less; and b~ final passage without intervening motion ing the same land under lease to the United except one motion to recommit. ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED S t ates from 1942 to December 31, 1946, cov Mr. LECOMPTE, from the Committee ered by lease contract numbered W2215- Mr. SHELLEY. Mr. Speaker, I make ENG-69, between the State of Indiana and the point of order that a quorum is not on House Administration, reported that the United States, executed April 7, 1942; present. that committee had examined and found shown as tract 4 on the military real-estate The SPEAKER. The Chair will count. truly enrolled a bill of the House of the map of Stout Field, nmr_bered 1627, approved [After counting.] One hundred and following title, which was thereupon July 6, 1945, on file in the Office, Chief of seventy-three Members are present, not signed by the Speaker: Engineers. H. R. 8069. An act to amend the act or (3) In time of war or of national emer a quorum. Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I move July 10, 1953, which created the Commission gency heretofore or hereafter declared by the on Intergovernment Relations. President or the Congress, and upon the a call of the House. request of the Secretary of Defense to the A call of the House was ordered. State of Indiana, the United States shall have The Clerk called the roll, and the fol MEXICAN AGRICULTURAL the right to the exclusive or nonexclusive use lowing Members failed to answer :o their of all or any part of the State land for the WORKERS full period of such war or national emer names: gency without cost to the United . States. [Roll No. 19] Mr. LYLE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 6 Upon the expiration of such war or national Battle Dorn, S. C. Lantatr minutes to the gentleman from Indiana emergency the use of the State land shall Bentsen Durham Lesinski [Mr. MADDEN]. Bolling Gamble Lipscomb cease in favor of the State of Indiana. Brownson Gary McCarthy Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, I believe (4) In the event that the State of Indiana Buckley Gwinn McConnell that a g-reat many Members are not shall at any time sell, convey, or otherwise Byrne, Pa. Hart Merrill familiar with the fact that there are at dispose of, or shall attempt to sell, convey, or campbell Hillel son Morgan Holifield present high-level negotiations going on otherwise dispose of, all or any part of the Chatham Moulder between the Mexican Government and State or Federal land without the consent of Chelf Kearney Osmers Clardy Kelley, Pa. P atterson our Government regarding Mexican the Secretary of Defense, all of the right, Corbett Keogh Pillion labor coming across the border. I can title, and interest in and to the Federal land Coudert Kirwan Powe ll shall revert to the United States without Dawson, Ill. Kluczynskl Price not understand why this particular reso cost. Dingell Krueger Prouty lution is called up today. 2424 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - -HOUSE lYlarch 1 At this very hour a friendly nation The press this morning states that our grants who have infiltrated into Chicago Mexico--is now trying to negotiate with Secretary of State today is down in South by reason of this so-called cheap labor United States representatives the very America with a very delicate and difficult across our border. thing that this resolution seeks to ac international task to perform. I canal Let me call your attention to what complish. Before the Rules Committee most read the headlines in South Amer Mr. McBee, who is in charge of immi last week it was revealed and admitted ica tomorrow morning. They will say gration out in California, said: by one of the proponents of this legis that our Congress passed a resolution in One smuggler, his men captured near E1 lation that you might term this bill a order to pressure the Mexican Govern Paso broke down, confessed he was part of weapon with a little weight in it in order ment to sign a contract on an agreement a nationwide ring headquartered in Chicago. to try and pressure Mexico in the nego that concerns their nationals. If they are headquartered in Chicago, tiations with our country regarding some Mr. COOLEY. ?-.1:r. Speaker, will the they are headquartered in Detroit, Los of their so-called wetback farm labor. gentleman yield? Angeles, Seattle, New York, and other My definition of a weapon with a little Mr. MADDEN. I yield for a question. places. weight is what is known as a blackjack. Mr. COOLEY. I think my chairman Mr. McBee went on to say: was about to ask the gentleman whether I wonder if the Members of this House He named names, even told authorities realize that last year over 580,000 illegal he meant to say that the farm organiza of a restaurant on Chicago's South Halstead immigrants were sent back across the tions were opposed to this resolution. Street, in the city's Skid Row, where ha border, and most of those illegal immi It is a fact that the farm organiza delivered aliens for employment in indus grants were caused by this so-called wet tions-the Grange and the Farm Bu trial plants. reau-submitted a very feeble and a back situation. These aliens that are being admitted With the exception of maybe 5 States very brief endorsement of this legisla tion when we were having hearings. But under this program are infiltrating into that are interested in this cheap labor, every industrial area in America. With I would like to ask the Representatives the gentleman is calling the attention of Members of the House to the fact 59 critical areas of unemployment in of the 42 or 43 other States what they America today, I think it is about time are going to say to their people about that last week the big farm organiza tions had a 3-day meeting in Washing to call a halt to this fiasco that goes on reports of unemployment which ap every year with regard to these wet peared in last week's papers? On Feb ton and everyone came out against it. The SPEAKER. The time of the gen backs and cheap labor from across the ruary 25 of last week the Washington border. papers said there were 59 critical areas tleman from Indiana has expired. Mr. LYLE. Mr. Speaker, I yield the Mr. Speaker, February 7, 1954, the Most of unemployment in this Nation. Why Reverend Robert E. Lucey, S. T. D., arch should we let down the bars now to have gentleman 3 additional minutes. bishop of San Antonio, Tex., memb~r of legislation passed that will eventually Mr. COOLEY. They came here and they met with the labor organizations of the President's Commission on Migratory this year mean thousands of workers Labor, sent the following telegram to from across the Rio Grande border com Mexico and came out against it. ing into this country to take over jobs Mr. MADDEN. The gentleman is ab Chairman CLIFFORD R. HOPE, of the that millions of unemployed Americans solutely correct. I would like to read for House Agriculture Committee: are entitled to? Why this resolution the benefit of the Members of the Hous~ House Joint Resolution 355 is calculated what Attorney General Brownell stated further to embitter our relations with Mex is up here today I do not know, because ico. There are more than 2 million unem this dispatch from this morning's paper in an interview held at San Francisco, ployed bread winners in our country today. states: and this is chronicled in the New York There are thousands of unemployed Puerto The Mexican Embassy announced today Times of August 17, 1953. Brownell Ricans in Chicago who are American c~ti that an agreement has been reached in stated at that time: zens. In south Texas we have tens of Mexico City for provisional 6 weeks' exten In San Francisco, as ln San Diego, Los thousands of Mexican Americans who will sion of the terms under which~ farm workers Angeles and the San Joaquin Valley, Mr. gladly work in agriculture for decent wages. from south of the border may accept jobs in Brownell said he had talked with scores of When the Federal Government recruits ille the United States. The Embassy statement Californians intimately acquainted with the gal aliens for employment, it posts a reward said that an understanding has been reached yearly "invasion" of Mexican nationals. for crime against the United States. We on almost all points under consideration on a "It develops from the conferences," he hope that Congress will not attempt to legal continuing bilateral agreement. said, "that the problem is increasing. The ize lawlessness. number of wetbacks entering the country If the agreement is signed this bill is is at an all-time high. Rackets are devel Similar protests were filed by the Fed absolutely unnecessary. oping in the importation of labor. It has eral Council of Churches and other civic Mr. / .. UGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. all the earmarks of developing into a num and welfare groups, and also by the AFL Speaker, will the gentleman yield? • ber one law enforcement problem, and it is and CIO, and Labor, railway labor is also Mr. MADDEN. I cannot yield at pres going to take the coordinated efforts of Fed opposed to this measure. eral, State, and local law enforcement offi I also wish to include with my remarks ent; I will later if I have time. cials to combat this problem." Let me read from a February 25 news the following telegram received by me paper article, and this article appeared Now, I wish you would listen to this. from the State chairman of the Ameri in the Washington newspapers. It was only 2 years ago that the Con can GI Forum of Texas: These groups promised to work to facilitate gress knocked three-million-some-odd DEL RIO, TEX., February 27, 1954. an agreement by their governments. They thousand dollars out of an appropriation Honorable Representative RAY MADDEN, were the Associacion Nacional de Cosecheros to give us sufficient protection at the Democrat, Indiana, of Mexico and the American Farm Bureau border, to keep aliens from coming House Office Building: Federation, the National Council of Farmer across the border unlawfully. The American GI Forum of Texas, Mexi Cooperatives, and the National Grange. The Here is what Attorney General can-American Veterans, and civic organiza National Farmers Union was represented by tion, dedicated to the betterment of the its president, James Patton, at the Tuesday Brownell said: Southwest's 3 million Spanish-speaking citi morning conference but did not participate The Attorney General said that, ln his zens, highly praises your sincere and truth in later meetings. opinion, congressional economies that cut ful stand on the proposed bracero resolution. Allan B. Kline, AFBF president, is also pres the United States Border Patrol from 1,627 No one knows better about the welfare of ident of the IFAP and presided at the to about 1,100 members were penny-wise our Texas farm laborers, the majority of sessions. and pound-foolish. whom are Americans of Mexican descent, Just 2 years ago this Congress com than Archbishop Lucey, who has seen their In other words, Mr. Speaker, the farm poverty and squalor caused by the unfair organizations, the labor organizations mitted that act. and illegal competition of wetbacks and are cooperating to bring about an agree The Attorney General went on to say: braceros, who provide a vast reservoir of ment between our Government and Mex For every dollar saved in that way, $20 cheap, and I mean cheap, farm labor for the ico on this labor question. The passage must be spent later in American law en greedy farming interests who have become of this bill may jeopardize the success of forcement. rich overnight through use of alien labor. these high-level negotiations. We are thousands of voters, thousands of Let me tell you something more. In Americans who depend upon farm wages for Mr. HOPE. Mr. Speaker, will the gen the city of Chicago the Immigration De our daily tortillas. We cannot be heard in tleman yield? partment is having trouble with thou our Congress because we do not have the Mr. MADDEN. Not right now. sands and thousands of illegal immi- money to send delegations to present our 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - 1-IOUSE 2425 side. We hope you will help our people, people get the prevailing wage which is ment stated that under this program many of whom in the thousands are un paid in the area in which they are going there have been 200,000 brought in in employed. to work for the type of work they do. the past year. Failure of the administration as well as Congress to adequately provide for border So, I just want to make this point Mr. PHILLIPS. Mr. Speaker, will patrol and detention facilities is congres very clear. This is not wetbacks we are the gentleman yield? sional and administration blessing to cheap dealing with. This bill bas a twofold Mr. RHODES of Arizona. I yield to labor subsidy for southwestern farmers and purpose: One is to provide for this type the gentleman from California. ranchers, as well as utter disregard for Na of labor to come into the United states, Mr. PHILLIPS. The difficulty in get tion's security in allowing a wide-open bor which is so badly needed, and the sec ting the number of workers is that they der to exist. ond one is by allowing these people to go back and forth across the line. But Our Government should spend money in come in legally, to deter them from com marshaling our own farm labor pool. Do the point I wanted to bring out with that mestic farm labor needs employment and ing in illegally. This will help the no single worker could be brought in our retail business needs their farm dollars. United States border patrol to do its under this program, and I ask this as a It is high time Congress thought of our own work rather than hinder it. Under this question, if there were not a certification workers and their welfare, and not favoring law it will become necessary, in the event that there is no United States labor minority Southwest agricultural interests we cannot make an agreement with available. · with cheap labor. Mexico, for the United States to recruit Mr. RHODES of Arizona. That is ab Border recruitment will not stop wetbacks. this Mexican labor at the border. But solutely correct. The United States Denial of employment to wetbacks is solu what happens if this becomes law? It tion. Wetback business has produced rack Employment Service bas to certify that ets of employment agencies in illegal labor. does not mean that these Mexican work this labor is needed in a particular area Suggest Congress read our report, What ers will come over here with no protec before anybody can get any Mexican Price Wetbacks. tion whatsoever. It means rather that braceros. If there are American labor I CRISTOBAL ALDRETE, they will be recruited at the border. ers available to do this particular type State Chairman, American GI Forum They will receive the same contracts of work, then no Mexican can be of Texas. they now receive under the present ex brought into that particular area. Mr. CHENOWETH. Mr. Speaker, 1 isting arrangement with Mexico. They Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, will the yield 4 minutes to the gentleman from will receive the prevailing wage, and all gentleman yield? Arizona [Mr. RHODES]. the other benefits which they are now Mr. RHODES of Arizona. I yield to Mr. RHODES of Arizona. Mr. Speak getting. The only difference that this the gentleman from California. er, before you can begin a discussion, makes is that if we cannot perfect an Mr. HUNTER. In addition to the pro quite often it is well to have a definition agreement with Mexico we will then be vision in the basic law itself it is well of terms. We have been using the term able to recruit at the border instead of to point out that the contract which is "wetback" here rather indiscriminately. recruiting inside of Mexico, and we will signed provides that whenever the Sec To me a wetback is a Mexican national be able to bring these people over to do retary of Labor or his duly authorized who comes into this country illegally, this work which has to be done, and they representative determines that United one who comes across the border with will be very well treated. States workers are available to fill the out proper authorization by this Gov Mr. CHENOWETH. Mr. Speaker, will job for which the worker has been con ernment and by its Immigration Serv the gentleman yield? tracted, this agreement may be termi ice. Mr. RHODES of Arizona. I yield to nated by the Secretary or his duly au This bill does not deal with wetbacks the gentleman from Colorado. thorized representative. Is not that pro except indirectly. The bill, if passed, . Mr. CHENOWETH. Is it not a fact tection for the American laborers? will certainly have a very distinct effect that we have had this program in opera Mr. RHODES of Arizona. That is cor upon keeping wetbacks from coming into tion a number of years and it has worked rect. Even if the people are here under the United States. These people come satisfactorily in the States where it has contract, if the labor situation changes .over here because there is work to be operated? so that there are American laborers had. They want the work. No matter Mr. RHODES of Arizona. Yes. It available, then the Secretary may ter what anybody says about the unemploy was in effect in World War 11; that is, minate the contract at any time and ment situation in the East, the fact still this agreement was in effect, not in this particular form, during World War 11, send the Mexican labor back. remains that, according to the figures Mr. DONOVAN. Mr. Speaker, will the of the United States Employment Serv and in this form since 1948, and under this agreement it has worked out very gentleman yield? ice, there are not enough agricultural Mr. RHODES of Arizona. I yield to workers in the States of Arizona and well as the gentleman from Colorado has stated, and we have had a lot of the gentleman from New York. California. Any unemployed persons in Mr. DONOVAN. Has the gentleman those States are certainly given the op these people come into the country. They have been well treated, and ac given any thought to the question of the portunity to apply for these jobs. But extent to which the absence of such they do not want this particular type tually I think that the relationship be tween the United States and Mexico has Mexican labor would affect the farm of work. It is stoop labor; it is the type surpluses of the United States? of worker who goes into the vegetable been improved because of this contract's fields and pulls weeds and thins vege existence rather than hindered by it. Mr. RHODES of Arizona. All I can tables, pulls cotton, picks cotton. We Mr. CHENOWETH. I want to compli say in answer to that is that if these just do not have that type of person ment the gentleman on bringing out the people are not in my particular area we available to do the work that is required, fact that this legislation will help solve are going to have a lot of crops that are and it has been said by the distinguished the wetback problem. not going to be harvested. If the gentle gentleman from Illinois, and it is true, Mr. RHODES of Arizona. It very man bas anything against the farmers that without some legislation of this definitely will. in my area, that is one thing. type there will be a lot of crops in the Mr. CHENOWETH. Instead of ag Mr. DONOVAN. Perhaps I will have great West that will not be harvested. gravating it, it seeks to eliminate it. to ask that question of someone a little The people from Mexico who come Mr. RHODES of Arizona. That is more familiar with the situation. into those States legally under this bill correct. · Mr. RHODES of Arizona. I have found are known as braceros; they are not Mr. DONOVAN. Mr. Speaker, will the that if I ask a silly question, I quite often wetbacks. They are recruited by the gentleman yield? get a silly answer. United States Government and the Mex Mr. RHODES of Arizona. I yield to Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, will the ican Government under the present the gentleman from New York. gentleman yield? agreement with Mexico. They are Mr. DONOVAN. Will the gentleman Mr. RHODES of Arizona. I yield to brought into this country and they are tell the House, if he has information, the gentleman from Arizona. given contracts with farmers providing how many Mexican farm laborers have Mr. PATTEN. May I answer the ques for them to receive the prevailing wage, been brought into the United States tion of the gentleman from New York by providing for their living conditions, annually during the last 3 years? ' saying that where we have these crops even providing for insurance for them Mr. RHODES of Arizona. I think in that have to be harvested, it does not while they are here. They are well response to the question of the gentle make any difference whether there is treated. This is not slave labor. These man, Mr. Siciliano of the Labor Depart- unemployment in some other locality. 2426 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE March 1 Mr. LYLE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 tional Grange, approving the legislation, in the North against possibility of sub minutes to the gentleman from Pennsyl and urging its passage. versives entering but along the Mexican vania [Mr. WALTER]. In addition there are numerous tele border we deliberately leave the gates Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, I trust grams, statements, and letters in the open. And now we do not even have the the House will reject this rule. It cer hearings from local and regional farm restraint of a treaty with Mexico. That tainly seems to me to be a most inoppor groups and organizations endorsing this country will say: "Since there is no tune time to consider legislation which measure. No farm organization ap treaty, we disavow responsibility for sa will have the effect of antagonizing a peared in opposition. boteurs entering the United States. We friendly nation, particularly in view of Mr. LYLE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 shall not take them back. They are your the fact that this friendly neighbor, after minutes to the gentleman from New responsibility." Thus these Commu we have received his people, may refuse York [Mr. CELLER]. nists remain with us. to take them back. Unless there is a Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, it strikes Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Speaker, will the bilateral agreement, there is no assur me that it is brash and it is improvi gentleman yield? ance that any of these people, once they dent to bring this rule up today. We Mr. CELLER. I yield to the gentle have gotten into the United States, no say in effect to Mexico, "Treaty or no man from New York. matter how, will ever go back to Mexico. treaty, we are going to bring these wet Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Speaker, I wonder This bill places a premium on the ability backs in." We just thumb our nose at hew this jibes with President Eisen to cross the border surreptitiously and Mexico. That is most rude and unpleas hower's labor policy and our unemploy hide. It gives to the skilled evader an ant. Our action in passing this bill will ment figures and how Governor Shivers opportunity to come to the United States have improvident repercussions. feels about this. The Governor at his and remain here. This is particularly I wonder what Secretary of State ranch is a notorious employer of illegal serious in the case of people who are Dulles is going to say to justify this kind wetbacks at starvation wages. The suffering from communicable diseases, of action when he meets with the South present determined attempt of his Re who bring narcotics with them, who are American and Central American dele publican leadership to force this bill on felons, and who belong to Communist gates at Caracas in a few days. us is passing strange. organizations. All protective measures Beyond that, I want to state that this Mr. CELLER. Certainly in view of of our immigration laws go out the win bill ought to be called not a wetback bill our unemployment, especially farm dow. After we get the people, it may but a "redback" bill. Colonel Habber labor unemployment, and relief de well be that the Mexican Government ton, Acting Commissioner of Immigra mands, bringing in Mexican wetbacks, will say, "You have given them a job, tion, said recently before the Subcom who will accept substandard wages, is, to now you keep them. They are the kind mittee on Appropriations for State, Jus say the least, most ill-advised. Why of people that we do not want back in tice, and Commerce, as follows: the Republican leadership does all this Mexico." If a bilateral agreement, is, as you say, passing strange. The which I have supported on other occa It was recently discovered that approxi voters will remember next November. mately 100 present and past members of the sions, is reached, then, of course, this Communist Party had been crossing daily Assuredly President Eisenhower could very serious problem cannot arise. It into the United States in the El Paso area; not reconcile his desire for friendly seems to me we ought to wait until such also that the number of present and ex neighbors and this attitude of thumbing time as it is determined whether or not members Of the Communist Party residing our noses at Mexico. As to Governor the United States and Mexico can reach immediately across the border from El Paso Shivers, he must answer for himself. If an agreement. number about 1,500, and it has been estab he employs illegal wetbacks, I hope the I call your attention to the language lished that there exists active liaison be voters of Texas will find out and put in this resolution-"after every practi tween the Communist Party of Mexico and "finis" to his political career. cable effort has been made by the United the Communist Party in the United States. Why should we not wait and see states to negotiate and reach agreement Such threat to national security whether an agreement can be reached on such arrangements." What does should at least cause us to hesitate. with the sovereign State of Mexico be~ that mean? Who passes on the ques Here are some other results, according fore we take this most unusual step of tion of whether or not "every practicable to Colonel Habberton: holding a gun to Mexico's temple and effort" has been made? I know that the Results of the mass Ill'OVement of wetbacl-:s saying, "Stand and deliver; you will give adoption of this resolution will mean the across the border are unemployment of dis us what we want; we will take nothing termination of all attempts to reach an placed domestic labor, depressed wage scales else." agreement and that our country will be and living standards, and creation of serious The SPEAKER. The time of the gen flooded by thousands upon thousands of crime, health, and sanitation problems. tleman has expired. people who will never return to Mexico. Complaints at these results and requests for remedial action come from all levels of pop Mr. LYLE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 We can certainly wait until it is deter ulation, and local governments. The aliens minutes to the gentleman from Texas mined what the outcome of these nego show a tendency to quit their former atti [Mr. BENTSEN]. tiations are before we act upon a matter tude of docility and to assume one of defi Mr. BENTSEN. Mr. Speaker, I am which is as serious as this. ance, obstruction, and resistance. Farmers sure that New York, Pennsylvania, and The SPEAKER. The time of the gen fear for the safety of their women and Ohio have their share of problems. But tleman from Pennsylvania has expired. children in isolated farm homes when groups I' am not an authority on their problems Mr. CHENOWETH. Mr. Speaker, I Of aliens appear and demand food, where they formerly begged for it. Wetbacks are and I have never taken up the time of now yield 3 minutes to the gentleman making heavy contributions to the local the House to try to impose on its mem from Kansas [Mr. HoPE]. jails, public hospitals, and even relief rolls. bership what I believe to be the solution Mr. HOPE. Mr. Speaker, I had not Their depredations range from harvesting to their problems. But several of the expected to speak on the rule, but I can food crops at night for subsistence, to rob Members from these States are repre not refrain from doing so because of bery and rape. The Los Angeles Police De senting themselves as experts on the the statements which were made by the partment reports that their omcers appre problems of my district, in particular, hended last year 4,503 aliens who were turned gentleman from Indiana [Mr. MADDEN] over to the Service for processing as illegal the wetback problem. This is a most with reference to the position of the entrants, which figure does not include many difficult problem and one that I have farm organizations on this legislation. wetbacks who were arrested for criminal of lived with all of my life on the border. I hold in my hand a copy of the hearings fenses and prosecuted in the courts instead It is a problem I know must be solved. on this legislation. In these hearings of being merely booked for this Service. This legislation, although certainly there appear the statements of Mr. Matt One thriving farm community near Los An not perfect, is a step in the direction of Triggs, representing the American Farm geles reports 4 out of 5 of the defendants in cutting down the number of wetbacks Bureau Federation, and Mr. John J. its police court are wetbacks. illegally entering our country. If we pro Riggle, representing the National Coun This is indeed a novel procedure. We vide a simple, fair contract to farmers cil of Farmer Cooperatives, both of them give the green light for Mexican work and employees alike there will be no in not feebly-as stated by the gentleman ers to come across, treaty or no treaty. centive for the use of illegal labor. The from North Carolina-but strongly en I think Congress is being used as a cats labor contract provides a stable, legal dorsing this legislation. Also in the paw for the ranching, cotton, and fruit force which will be available only in hearings you will find a letter from Mr. tycoons principally from Texas and Cali times of local labor shortages and will Herschel D. Newsom, master of the Na- fornia. We close the borders and ports be returned to Mexico when sufficient 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - · HOUSE 2427 local labor is available to take care of year. From the standpoint of local citi~ If the urgency of this measure is fully our harvest problems. Certainly, the zens it is far better that they have year understood I have no doubt of its prompt farmer would be encouraged to use legal around employment and that labor be approval. Therefore, I shall discuss the labor and would find it to his advantage imported only during the peak harvest facts, the background, and the neces to abstain from the employment of wet to be certain that the crops are not al sity of this legislation. I first call atten backs which are subject to being picked lowed to rot in the fields. tion to the fact that the resolution was up in the fields, and therefore, a most I assure you that if we are successful reported by the Agriculture Committee, um·eliable source of labor from his in working out a fair contract to the after exhautsive hearings, with but two standpoint. farmer and employee that the combina dissening votes. We have tried for many years to keep tion of the stable supply of labor result~ It is strongly supported by the Depart out illegal aliens by enforcement meas ing from it to take care of our peak har ment of State, by the Justice Depart ures and have not been successful. The vest and the expected increase in appro ment, by the Labor Department, and by condition in Mexico is such that in some priations for the border patrol will re the Department of Agriculture. It is places we find men who are unable to sult in a great deal of progress in solving endorsed by the American Farm Bureau, support their families because of lack of our wetback problem by cutting down the the National Council of Farmer Cooper employment. No enforcement official is incentive for the employment of illegal atives, the National . Grange, and by going to be able-to keep them from com aliens. Legal entrants will have the full scores of other farm and grower organi ing into this country where jobs are protection of our laws whereas wetbacks zations. available at pay scales far above those are subject to exploitation with no legal I am sure the purpose of the legisla of Mexico. · remedy available. tion is understood. I shall briefly refer There has been much talk here of the Mr. CHENOWETH. Mr. Speaker, I to that. Public Law 78 of the 82d Con need for a bilateral contract and in this yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from gress begins as follows: I am in accord but for years we have had Texas [Mr. FISHER]. SEc. 501. For the purpose of assisting im a contract which has been bilateral in Mr. LYLE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 such production of agricultural commodities name only because Mexico has virtually minutes to the gentleman from Texas and products as the Secretary of Agriculture dictated its terms. They have taken ad [Mr. FISHER]. deems necessary, by supplying agricultural vantage of labor shortages during peak The SPEAKER. The gentleman from workers from the Republic of Mexico (pur suant to arrangements between the United harvest and our Government has had Texas is recognized for 8 minutes. States and the Republic of Mexico), the to accept the terms as laid out by Mexico. Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, I think it Secretary of Labor is authorized- If we are given the authority to take uni is very clear from what has been said lateral action in writing a contract for that if some of the Members had the That law then spells out the general the protection of those who come legally time to read the hearings that were terms and conditions under which an in into this country seeking employment presented in support of this resolution ternational labor agreement can be ne then Mexico will be more amenable to many of the objections that have been gotiated and carried out with Mexico. entering into a bilateral contract which raised would not have been raised. Public Law 78 does not expire until is fair to both countries. A good example was the completely December 31, 1955. But the migrant It must be stressed that this legisla unfounded argument just advanced by labor agreements last but a year at a tion provides protection for local citi the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. time. The last one expired on January zens who desire to do this type of labor. WALTERJ. He said he is opposed to this 1, 1954. It was extended to January 15 No man will be imported to do this labor resolution because thousands of Mexican by mutual agreement while negotiations unless the Secretary of Labor certifies nationals would be processed to work in for a new agreement were going on. But that there is a labor shortage in the area. this country and then the Mexican Gov no new agreement was made and since To protect local labor from having this ernment would probably not permit them January 15 there has been none. Fol measure used to cut their wages it also to return to their homeland. If he had lowing the expiration on January 15 this provides that these men should not be made an inquiry, or if he had read the Government began unilateral processing paid less than the prevailing wage. hearings, he would never have made such of Mexican nationals who presented Mexico has gone so far as to demand an argument. On page 5 of the hear themselves at our border recruitment that these imported laborers be paid not ings Mr. Siciliano-Assistant Secretary stations. Then the question arose con a prevailing wage but a minimum wage of Labor Rocco C. Siciliano-stated: cerning the authorization for money to be expended in pursuance of the special and I do not believe that imported labor It is against their constitution to try to should be given rights that are not as prohibit the entry or exits of their people, recruiting procedures set forth in Public yet afforded to our own citizens. That is what they maintain when we ask Law 78. The Comptroller General on I hope that some of the people here them to try to keep their wetbacks back. January 18 ruled that procedures con who seem so concerned with Mexico will tained in Public La-;v 78 could be used show the same concern toward citizens They have raised the old argument only when an international labor agree of these United States who are trying to about wetbacks, when any one who is in ment with Mexico was in force and protect its economy. terested in the facts can read the RECORD effect. The border recruitment stations It is my conviction that much of the and know that this bill has no connection were then promptly closed. opposition in Mexico to this program whatever with the wetback problem ex The purpose of House Resolution 355 is stems from wealthy farmers in northern cept that it would aid the immigration to amend Public Law 78 so as to permit Mexico who resent seeing their labor officials in dealing with them. It is easy the special recruiting procedures therein paid the relatively high wages paid in to understand why any one who is in set forth to be usable regardless of this country in comparison to those they favor of freedom of wetback movement whether an international agreement is pay in Mexico. would be opposed to this resolution. It or is not in effect. In other words, it It is quite true that in some sections is easy to understand why those who do would permit the use of the special pro of our country and in particular some not want aliens who come across the cedures contained in that law in carry categories of work we have a labor sur border screened so as to better prevent ing out unilateral processing of Mexican plus. But I can cite a last week's news Communists and subversives from com farm workers who present themselves, paper article from my home town of ing in would be opposed to this legisla legally, at border recruitment stations in McAllen, Tex., which shows farmers in tion. Apparently the opponents do not the United States. want any control or any processing or that section have placed applications for WOULD ALLEVIATE WETBACK PROBLEM hundreds of laborers with the Texas Em any screening of those who enter from ployment Office guaranteeing a mini Mexico. I favor such screening and such I repeat that in debating this legisla mum wage of 50 cents an hour and that processing and I am therefore naturally tion it must be kept in mind that this is not a wetback bill, except that its pas they had been unable to fill these appli~ in favor of this resolution. cations with local citizens. I assume the rule will be readily sage would alleviate the wetback prob~ Frankly, I think it is fortunate that in adopted, and I wish to address myself lem by enabling Mexican farm workers to the times of peak harvest we do not have briefly to the merits of the pending reso be processed and gain a legal status and sufficient local labor to gather the crops lution. It is of the utmost importance thereby enjoy much more desirable wage for if we did, these same citizens would that it be promptly approved by the guaranties and working conditions than be unemployed throughout the rest of Congress. they would have as illegal wetbacks. ·2428 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD- HOUSE March 1 That arrangment would, of course, tend one time on one issue simply served to located, the more inaccessible they are to deter the movement of wetbacks who encourage more unreasonable and al to the Mexican workers in the border cross the border and would reduce the most unconscionable demands to be area, the more tempted they are to cross number and enable our immigration of made subsequently. the border illegally. Therefore, our ficers to maintain better control over The simple fact is that our Govern .Government protested the closing at them. That view was expressed by the ment has yielded, appeased, and given Monterrey, but, as I have said, to no Department of Justice in its report to the in to the point that a showdown became avail. Agriculture Committee. The Deputy At virtually inevitable as to the making of Another development had to do with torney General stated: agreements and good faith respect for wages. Article 15 of the last migrant It is the view of the Department that them after they are made. Our Govern labor agreement, which expired on Janu enactment of such legislation is of urgent ment is to be commended for taking this ary 15, provided: importance to the efficient administration forthright and proper stand, and this The employer shall pay the Mexican work of the immigration laws of the United States, Congress should without equivocation er not less than the prevailing wage rate paid and to the needs of a substantial part of the support that realistic policy. to a domestic worker for similar work at the agricultural economy of the western and Mr. FERNANDEZ. Mr. Speaker, will time the work was performed and in the southwestern United States. the gentleman yield? manner paid within the area of employment, So this legislation has nothing to do Mr. FISHER. I yielri. or at the rate prevalent in the work contract, with the wetback problem, as such, ex Mr. whichever is higher. Determination of the FERNANDEZ. Since when has prevailing wage rate shall be made by the cept that it would reduce the number of this country become so weak that we Secretary of Labor. illegal entrants and better enable our have to turn to other nations to tell us immigration officials to cope with them. whom we are going to send out, what Despite the provision in the agreement NEGOTIATIONS HAMPERED BY MEXICO aliens we are going to admit, or what to the effect that wages paid to Mexican workers had to be the prevailing wage, Let me now give you a little of the aliens we are going to send out? Mr. FISHER. Oh, yes; the gentleman determined by our Secretary of Labor, background of our prior negotiations of on May 8, 1953, the Mexican Government labor agreements with Mexico and some is so correct about that. To listen to some of the arguments that have been announced a scale of minimum wages for of the perplexing difficulties that have all workers contracted in the future. arisen in the application. For 12 years made against this measure you would think we are incapable of doing our own That was directly contrary to the inter we have had migrant labor agreements national agreement, which I have quoted. with Mexico whereby Mexican workers legislating on domestic legislation-and come across and work in agriculture in this is a domestic issue, pure and simple. Here is the wording, a pertinent part of areas found to be suffering from lsbor This deals with conditions under which the announcement made in a note from shortages. Thrcughout the history of we in this country will employ aliens the Mexican Governm.ent: the program these imported workers from Mextco who enter this country In view of the foregoing and based on the legally, through regular ports of entry. statistical data and salary graphs of the have not been permitted ·to work in a wages received in the year 1952 by the Mexi county or an area unless the Secretary It applies to them only after we have as sumed sovereignty over them. As the can contract laborers, compared to the aver of Labor has determined anu certified ages of the prevailing wages in those regionS that there is insufficient domestic help able gentleman from New Mexico has so where American laborers are employed for available and unle~~ it is shown that dili properly pointed out, we should be able the same agric.ultural task, the Government gent efforts have been made to recruit to determine our own policies with regard -of Mexico has arrived at the following con American workers elsewhere than in the to those we permit to come in and those clusions. F irst, every request from employ immediate locality. we desire to send out. ers who wish to engage Mexican workers must be refused when the offered salary is But for some reason or other in recent Mr. Speaker, in order to fully under stand the necessity for this legislation lower than the minimum initial rates of ~ears it has become increasingly difficult $2.75 for the first hand picking of 100 pounds to work out acceptable agreements with and to comprehend the problem from of cotton, the minimum wage rates being Mexico. During the past few years our our Government's standpoint and the proportionately adjusted for picking under friends in Mexico have engaged in de need for a showdown, it is important that different conditions as well as for other types lays, stalling tactics, bickerings over in we be apprised of some of the difficulties of agricultural laborers, and, second, that as terpretations, and indulged in other tac we have faced in the execution of the a general rule it is proper to establish for all agreements in the past. Let me talk agricultural regions which employ Mexican tics that have been almost intolerable at laborers an increase of the hourly wage fixing times. That fact was confirmed by Rob about that for a moment. One development had to do with Mex an initial minimum of not less than 65 cents ert G. Goodwin, Director, Bureau of Em for the States of the Southeast, of 75 cents ployment Security, Department of Labor, ico summarily closing the recruiting for the Middle West, and of 60 cents for the in his testimony, when he referred to center at Monterrey, which was the only Western States. tactics used by Mexican negotiators dur one within a reasonable distance of the ing proposed labor agreements. Mr. border. Other centers were located sev That quotation is from an official Goodwin stated: eral hundred miles deep in the interior translation by the Foreign Office of the Mexican note. It is directly contrary to We feel that we have reached agreement of Mexico, very inconvenient to our peo 1n the past at considerable cost to our own ple who found it necessary to go to them. the international agreement. interests. The pattern that has been fol Our Government protested the closing Here is another one. Although the lowed regularly on the part of Mexican of at Monterrey, but to no avail. It was agreement contains no authorization for ficials is a delaying tactic until we get into closed by the unilateral action of the Mexico to fix the subsistance rate for a position where the labor is so desperately Mexican Government. the workers recruited on contract-that needed here that we have to agree to what Now, that action by Mexico not only being determinable under the terms of ever conditions are put forth. You can take the agreement by our Secretary of La the experience, the history of the negotia added to the inconvenience of American tions With Mexico each time that they have citizens but aggravated the problem of bor-in Arkansas, western Texas, and been conducted in the past, and the pattern our border officials in controlling the New Mexico employers were coerced into has been exactly that. The reason we do not entry of wetbacks. The reason for that paying a subsistance rate fixed by the have an agreement this time is because we is obvious. There are tens of thousands Mexican consul as a condition of obtain have taken a firm position against that, in of unemployed, poverty-stricken people ing workers. These illegal demands had cluding a firm position against delays. in northern Mexico, living in the prox to be met or the employers were faced But since, as Mr. Goodwin indicated, imity of the northern border. In order with great crop losses. many of these actions arose at times for them to come in legally they had UNILATERAL BLACKLISTING when. without such Mexican labor. mil to travel hundreds of miles into the in Another of those many developments lions of dollars worth of crops would terior of Mexico to the recruiting cen ters. If they went there they might or bad to do with blacklisting-unilateral rot in the fields without the use of that might not be accepted. · So, faced with blacklisting, of American employers or only source of labor. our Government that dilemma, thousands of them, with of areas or counties, by the Mexican and our employers have buckled under hungry families to feed, evidently Government, again directly contrary to the extreme emergencies and demands of crossed the border and sought employ the plain and unambiguous wording of the occasion. As is often true with ap ment. It is obvious that .the further the international agreement. Under peasement. it has seemed that yielding at into Mexico the recruiting centers are that agreement if a complaint arose the 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 2429 exact procedure was set out whereby a blacklisted because of their uncoopera hard to understand why there should be joint hearing would be held before any tive attitude. any objection to that. It has to do with blacklisting could take place. It did not Now, Mr. Speaker, I have dwelt at a domestic problem-that of processing outlaw blacklisting, but simply required some length on the developments where laborers who are legally in this country. a hearing before it could take place. But in the Mexican Government has, time To listen to some of the opponents of this completely ignoring that agreement, after time, unilaterally and summarily legislation you would think these people Mexico engaged in repeated unilateral made interpretations and demands un are to be processed to work in Mexico actions of summarily blacklisting coun der the migrant-labor agreements. and that we are therefore invading the ties, areas, and individuals, without any From this I think you can readily under jurisdiction of that country. This is an sort of hearing and without any warning stand what I meant when at the begin American problem. It does not deal with whatever. ning of my statement I said a showdown anything in Mexico. It does permit Another arbitrary and unauthorized with the Mexican Government became Mexican nationals to be processed-but interpretation of the agreement on the inevitable. only when they are legally in the United part of Mexico had to do with insurance. POINTS OF DIFFERENCE States as our guests and with our sover Here is the wording of a pertinent part I shall now refer to a few of the points eignty extending over them while they of article 6 of the work contract on that of difference between the two govern are here. subject: ments which the negotiators could not CIO OPPOSES No deduction shall be made from the Mex agTee upon. First, our negotiators very It is true that the CIO and the AFL. ican worker's wages except as provided in properly insisted that some concession or certain segments of those unions, have this article. The employer may make the be made by Mexico with respect to the raised objections. But the CIO frankly following deductions only: For insurance location of the Mexican recruitment announced through R. J. Thomas that plans when authorized by the Mexican Gov it is opposed to any workers whatever ernment under an insurance plan covering centers. Our representatives felt that nonoccupational injuries and diseases, when at lea3t some of the recruiting should coming over at this time, legally or ille such plan has been approved by tha t Govern be possible within a reasonable distance gally, agreement or no agreement. Ap ment. of the border. But Mexico made no parently the CIO either does not know. concession. or is not interested in, the fact that ex It was developed during the hearings cept for imported Mexican labor, Ameri that for 2 years from August 1951 to June Secondly, our Government insisted that Mexico's demand for a fixed, mini can dinner tables would be denied thou 1953 this provision was interpreted to be sands of tons of food. permissive, rather than mandatory on mum wage could not be granted because the part of the employer. In June 1953, it is unauthorized under American law. UNILATERAL PROCESSING just 6 months prior to the expiration of But Mexico nevertheless persisted in that It has been contended that this legis the agreement, and after a Mexican offi demand. lation is bad because it would permit cial from the Foreign Ministry had spent Another problem was that of subsist unilateral processing-meaning process considerable time visiting employers and ance allowance for the Mexico workers. ing of Mexican labor without consulta insurance companies on this side of the After the unhappy experience some of tion with Mexico. So what? This is border, the Mexican Government sud our employers had been subjected to in our country, is it not? We have immi denly announced that they construed respect to illegal and exorbitant de gration laws which authorize unilateral article 6 to be mandatory and that mands from Mexican officials under the processing of foreign labor. It is already employers were required to make the old agreement, it was very proper and the law without passing this measure. necessary deductions when authorized to indeed imperative that a detailed, The Attorney General has pointed out do so by the Mexican Government. spelled-out, precise agreement on that that the general immigration laws might point be inserted. But Mexico would be invoked to meet this problem. But The Mexican Government did not stop not yield on that point. there. Employers were told that they he says the specialized procedures con Another difference had to do with in tained in Public Law 78 are more de must take that insurance from certain surance. Our Government insisted on £ompanies selected by the Mexican Gov sirable and their application would be limiting the Mexican Government to much less expensive and more feas ernment, and no others. Mr. Goodwin approving the coverage desired for non told the committee: ible than resort to the facets of our gen occupational insurance and the full cost eral immigration laws that apply to im There seems to be no logical basis for the paid by the worker. On this Mexico portation of farmworkers. Yes; the At manner in which these insurance companies made no concession. were selected. torney General has authority to process Still another difference had to do with Mexican workers now, under existing im Mr. Goodwin went on to tell the com worker responsibility. It is known from migration laws, and do so unilaterally. mittee that in some cases the rates of the experience that about 15 or 20 percent of I have not heard that the existence of approved companies were higher than the braceros who are processed leave this law has disrupted international re those of companies not approved. Some their jobs without cause. They are lations to any extent. Just who, Mr. of the unapproved companies with lower known as "skippers." This practice has Speaker, are we representing here to rates had been previously commended resulted in considerable financial loss and day-the United States or Mexico? by the Mexican Ministry for Foreign inconvenience to the employers. Our Our Mexican friends, for whom I have Affairs for the fine service they had negotiators very properly insisted that great respect and admiration, are quite 1·endered to Mexican workers and the the employer be allowed to withhold capable of looking after themselves. I promptness with which they paid their several days of the workers' pay until he have not heard of any Mexican congress claims. finished his contract. That would help men objecting to the passage of laws Here, Mr. Speaker, was what appears deter the worker from violating his work in Mexico City which deal with domestic to me to have been a rather highhanded agreement. But again our negotiators problems and which might not be to the solicitation of insurance for certain com were rebuffed in that very reasonable liking of certain Americans. And I do panies-only 2 or 3 of them-to the ex suggestion. not blame them a bit. clusion of all others. It was completely BORDER RECRUITMENT NEEDED I do not recall that the United States unilateral on the part of Mexico. After weeks and weeks of negotiations, was consulted when the Mexican Con Another example can be cited of a from last October to January, not a sin gress passed a law to expropriate prop demand made by a Mexican consul that gle major concession was made by Mex employers in Dona Ana County, N.Mex., erty of great value owned by American ico on these various points of disagree oil companies a few years ago. I doubt as a condition of extending the contracts ment. After January 15 our Government of Mexican workers then and there em did a very proper thing: Processing that there was a single Mexican con ployed, that they purchase and pay for centers were opened on this side of the gressman who stood up and represented life insurance for these workers. The border. Mexican nationals legally in the United States on that occasion. And agreement authorized no such require this country were processed there until ·r do not blame him. That was Mexico's ment. And when the employer replied the program was closed down due to the business. She acted in accord with her that there was no contractual obligation Comptroller General's ruling. The pas sovereign rights. to pay for such life insurance, the em sage of this resolution will enable that Mr. POAGE. Mr. Speaker, will the ployers were notified that they would be border recruiting to be resumed. It is gentleman yield? C--153 2430 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE March 1 Mr. FISHER. I yield to the gentleman What about Mexico, contrary to the fields. And there is not even half enough from Texas. agreement, unilaterally and summarily, labor available to meet the minimum re Mr. POAGE. If the gentleman or I setting a subsistance allowance for Mex quirements. sought employment down there in Mex ican workers above the amount previ Mr. CHENOWETH. Mr. Speaker, I ico we would be employed under the ously arrived at in accordance with the yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from Mexican law, would we not? agreement; and which, by the way, was Oregon [Mr. ELLSWORTH]. Mr. FISHER. The gentleman is cor determined by our Government to be Mr. ELLSWORTH. Mr. Speaker, there rect. exorbitant and unreasonable as well as is a very important principle involved in Mr. POAGE. And the United States illegal? · this simple joint resolution which is be would have absolutely nothing to do with And what about Mexico unilaterally fore us, or which I hope will be before terms and conditions or wages, would it? and summarily demanding that our em us upon the adoption of the rule. This Mr. FISHER. That is correct. ployers purchase certain insurance for principle has very little to do with much Mr. POAGE. And neither the gentle Mexican workers, to be taken with com of the subject of the debate as it has man nor I nor any other Member of the panies named by the Mexican Govern gone on in this last hour. American Congress protested that action ment? And remember this was con The principle involved is simply this: because we recognize that Mexico was trary to the wording of the international Shall we, the Government of the United a sovereign nation and it had the right agreement. States, continue to exercise jurisdiction to do as it pleased in its own territory. I could go on and on, but time is short. over the entrance of foreigners, aliens. Mr. FISHER. Yes. Again I ask: Who are we representing into our country? I do not think that What about the bill passed by the Mex here today-Mexico or the United this particular problem has ever actually ican Congress a few years ago which ex States? The Mexican people are good been debated in the Halls of Congress propriated valuable property owned by traders. They are sharp and crafty, and before. I think it has always been taken American oil companies? That was a from their standpoint I say "Power to for granted, Mr. Speaker, that the United unilateral action. It was directed pri them." They have been having their States runs its own business with respect marily at American citizens. When that way, pretty well, in these agreements for to who may be admitted inside our bor drastic measure was being considered years. When they have agreed to some ders. A few years ago the Congress not a single Mexican Congressman arose thing they did not like they just uni passed a bill which gave to the Republic to represent the United States, and I do laterally and summarily interpreted it to of Mexico the courtesy of joining with us not blame them one bit. Whether we fit their own desires. And they have in an agreement regarding the admission agree with the wisdom and propriety of been getting by with it. Now their hand of people who would perform labor in that action or not, the fact remains that has at last been called, and here today this country under certain conditions. it was an exercise of a right and a pre we can sustain our own Government in We extended the Government of :Mexico rogative of a sovereign government, and having all this ''monkey business" on the the courtesy of making an agreement I would defend them to the end in the part of Mexico cut out. with us. It was purely that and nothing right to exercise that right. When our Mexican friends find they more. We were not bound in any way to I think, Mr. Speaker, that it is about must do business with us on a different have done it; it was not necessary that time that more people assume the re basis from what they have been, you will we do that, because people are entering sponsibility of speaking for the Ameri see a little different attitude. This res our country under our laws right along can Government when we are dealing olution will vastly improve the chances without any such agreement. But we with domestic issues that affect our own for a new agreement to be arrived at. It did make that arrangement in the stat· sovereignty and our own country instead will place our negotiators in a much bet ute enacted regarding this labor pro of spending so much of their time speak ter position. The fact is that in regard gram. Now the Government of Mexico ing here in behalf of foreign countries to these workers Mexico needs us as appears not to be willing to recognize whose citizens, while guests in the United much or even more than we need the this courtesy and to deal with us in a States, become the subject of regulation Mexican workers. And they know it. manner which would seem to our people and control by laws which this American It means more than $150 million a year to be reasonable and mutually satisfac Congress seeks to enact. of American money pumped into the tory. I see nothing except a good, forth Nor did any Mexican Congressman economy of Mexico. And that is a lot right American principle in the idea of represent us when the Mexican Congress of money anywhere, more particularly passing this joint resolution, which passed a law a few years ago which in Mexico. simply says. "Unfortunately, if we can limits the right of American citizens to Mr. Speaker, appeasement has been not have a satisfactory arrangement with have gainful employment in Mexico. tried on other occasions between nations you, we must withdraw that courtesy:• That comes under the head of Mexico's and has failed. As a general rule too Mr. Speaker. this resolution before us business. So far as I know, not a single much of it, whether between individuals merely asserts the right of the United Mexican Congress.man represented us or Nations, simply does not work very States to have control over the entrance when a law was passed down there which well. And we have a good example of it of people into our country-nothing prohibits a foreigner from purchasing here. more. real estate within 100 kilometers of the Again, I ask what is there so wrong Mr. LYLE. Mr. Speaker, I yield such border, and limits and restricts the and evil about unilateral processing? time as he may desire to the gentleman ownership of other property elsewhere It is our own business. We have been from New Mexico [Mr. FERNANDEZ]. in Mexico. Again, I do not blame the practicing it for years, and are doing so Mr. FERNANDEZ. Mr. Speaker, if Mexican Congress. That was an action now, with respect to Canadian workers this bill is passed here today, we will by a sovereign government, and even who come across by the thousands to have an agreement with Mexico satis though many Americans were adversely work in our lumber camps of the north factory to our authorities, and we will affected, I certainly did not expect a woods. It was practiced for decades by have that agreement before this bill gets Mexican Congressmen . to represent us. this Government along the Mexican to the President for signature. If we do The Mexican Congressmen did what you border prior to a few years ago when not have this bill passed, we can have or I would have done: They looked after this international agreement fad got an agreement with Mexico only if we their own country without regard to the into the picture. And it can and will capitulate to the ever-growing demands incidental and adverse effect the action work very well right now. of Mexico. If this bill is not passed and might have on Americans. I am sure we all hope an acceptable we do not have an agreement with Mex MEXICO ACTS UNILATERALLY international labor agreement can be ico, then the result will be that we will But if you are going to say that it is negotiated with Mexico. One probably take a step backward to the prewar days bad to do things unilaterally, let us will be eventually, particularly if this when ·the wetbacks came over without take a leaf from Mexico's book on that resolution is enacted. But right now it any control, without any agreement, and score. What about Mexico unilaterally is imperative that this amendment to without any regulations, and when the blacklisting our citizens and our counties Public Law 78 be passed. We are faced Mexican laborer was exploited, and and areas? with an emergency in the Southwest. through the exploitation of the Mexican What about Mexico unilaterally set This is planting time. It is lambing time our own labor was exploited. So, this ting minimum wages, directly contrary and shearing time on the ranches. It is bill is not only necessary; it is impera· to the migrant labor agreement? harvesttime in many of the vegetable tive that we pass it. 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 2431 Mr. Speaker, I hope that the House ess of handling these Mexicans rather into southern Texas sets up a chain will vote for this rule and let us present than the illegal method of letting them reaction which results in the displace to the House the arguments for the ne come across and get work without being ment of farm workers throughout the cessity of this bill. We already have a properly processed, which in turn might West and Southwest. For 3 or 4 months law that permits these agreements, but promote the entry of Communists and of the year these people have uncertain Mexico is coming to realize that by that some of the other ill things it has been employment, and, in turn, themselves law we placed ourselves in a straitjacket suggested might happen. become migrants. The present situa where they can dictate the terms and we Mr. LYLE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani tion, marked by disorder and neglect and, can agree or go without. We want· to mous consent that all Members who wish in some cases, by exploitation, verges get along with our good neighbors, but to do so may insert their remarks at this on the scandalous. for months now we have been unable to point in the RECORD. Rather than pass this legislation, Con come to an agreement because our au The SPEAKER. Is there objection to gress should give attention to passing thorities do not have anything to bar the request of the gentleman from legislation to establish a Federal Com gain with, they do not have the alterna Texas? mittee for Migratory Labor as recom tive that this bill would give them. The There was no objection. mended by the President's Commission sooner we take them out of their strait Mr. WIER. Mr. Speaker," ! ask unani on Migratory Labor and should work jackets, the sooner they can negotiate mous consent on behalf of my colleague with State legislatures, farmers associ effectively. the gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. Mc ations, agriculture labor unions, and Mr. CHENOWETH. Mr. Speaker, I CARTHY], who is unable to be here to religious organizations, and other groups, yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from day, to insert his remarks at this point preliminary to passing legislation to es Texas [Mr. REGAN]. in the RECORD. tablish some order in the field of migra Mr. REGAN. Mr. Speaker, it is re The SPEAKER. Is there objection to tory farm labor. gretted that this legislation provoked the request of the gentleman from Min Mr. WIER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani such a controversy. We have been hav nesota? mous consent to extend my remarks at ing it almost every year since the war, There was no objection. this point. call it agricultural labor, braceros, wet Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. Speaker, the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to backs, or whatever it is. This bill should problem of the migratory farm worker the request of the gentleman from Min have the support of every Member of remains the greatest social problem in nesota? this House. It is not a partisan bill, it is the United States. Twice, during the 6 There was no objection. not a labor bill, but this bill is for the years I have been in Congress, the Con Mr. WIER. Mr. Speaker, this Mexi good of the United States, and everybody, gress has passed legislation establishing can labor problem comes before us today I think, in America would support it if conditions under which agricultural under circumstances much worse than they understood it, except maybe a few workers might legally be imported from ever before when we were giving consid farmers right along the border who are Mexico. The second of these acts is still eration to legislation to amend, clarify, not concerned. They might just as well in effect. and approve agreements that had been continue employing illegal Mexicans, but I have opposed this legislation each reached between our Government and this is to make the employment of Mexi time that it has been presented to the the Government of Mexico regarding can labor legal. We need them not only House of Representatives; first, because our use and conditions under which at in Texas, Arizona, and California, but I of the inadequacies of the legislation; least limited numbers of screened and would like to have the gentleman from second, because it completely ignored approved Mexican agriculture workers Indiana [Mr. MADDEN] know that last the problem of the migratory worker would be permitted legal and limited year 27 States of the 48 employed Mexi who is a citizen of the United States; and entry into this country during the can labor, because we do not have stoop third, because it did little or nothing to Southwest harvesting season. labor any more in the United States. stop the ftow of illegal workers crossing Today the problem is at its worst for We have to get it from some source, and the border from Mexico. The legisla the reason that no agreement has been of all those unemployed he referred to, tion which we passed in the last session reached between the two Governments you will not get one of them to pick cot of Congress still has 2 years to run. and, of course, can result in a terrible ton, potatoes, sugarbeets, or do the nec What is proposed here today is a further state of exploitation and illegal entry of essary menial jobs that these Mexicans weakening of an already inadequate a million of nothing more or less than are willing to do in coming over here and piece of legislation. This legislation, what we have termed in the past as earning these Yankee dollars. and all similar legislation, should be wetbacks. No method of screening I hope the entire House will support rejected until such time as a reasonable them as safe risks, no check on them for this legislation despite the fact that effort is made to meet the problem of the return to their homeland, and with no there a few farmers on the border who migratory worker. contract to cover their pay, their care would be very happy to continue with The international contracts previously and housing, transportation and po out legislation. This unilateral agree agreed upon by our Government and that licing, what a mess it will create for ment that is proposed here will enable of Mexico have stipulated a minimum everyone except the industrialized farm the Labor Department to enforce certain wage and included requirements regard owner and grower who, of course, has regulations that have been in force since ing housing, health, unemployment, and always sought their cheap labor. With 1948, legalizing these Mexicans rather death. No such safeguards are granted out a contract this Mexican labor will be than letting them come over illegally. to American migratory workers. Citi used to drive down labor costs in our I was surprised that the gentleman zens in the United States working in the present surplus labor market. from New York [Mr. CELLER] would re same fields, or displaced by imported Like myself, I am sure many of the peat such a ridiculous statement as that labor, -do not have even a minimum of Members have received a copy of the about 1,200 Communists coming across protection by social legislation. When I very graphic and enlightening book put at El Paso. He knew there was nothing proposed last year that American citi out last summer by the Texas State Fed to that. He is too smart a man to fall zens working in competition with im eration of Labor on this subject and for that kind of baloney. An irrespon ported labor on crops that are supported problem. I read every page of it and sible man made that statement while he at 90 percent of parity or subsidized surely if anyone has to live with this was acting as director of a service here. under the Sugar Act be paid at least 90 problem day in and day out the labor I am surprised the gentleman from New percent of the minimum wage, my pro movement of Texas ought to be qualified York would even use it in his talk, be posal was rejected by the chairman of to speak with a lot of knowledge and cause it is so utterly ridiculous. the committee handling the migratory authority on the subject. I am also surprised at the gentleman labor bill on a point of order. It seems In addition to that, I have just read from Pennsylvania. I usually think he only fair that this provision should be over again and refreshed my memory does a marvelous job on immigration written into law, so as to give at least a on the facts presented in the President's affairs. But this bill merely makes it minimum of protection to American Commission Reports on Problems of legal so the Department of Labor can citizens competing in this labor market. Migrant Workers, which I am briefly continue to operate as it has been doing As the system now works, the influx of cutting down and making a part of my in the last several years in the legal proc- both legal and illegal labor from Mexico remarks at this time; 2432 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-· HOUSE March 1 PRESIDENT'S COMMISSION REPORTS PROBLEMS ers' annual earnings, comparee! with the pay The general attitude of the Farm Place OF MIGRANT WORKERS of factory workers are even worse than is ment Division which impressed the Commis WASHINGTON .-For the first time an official suggested by relative wage rates because fac sion as "one-sided" was that although Con United States Government commission has tory employees get more work than farm gress, in establishing the United States Em put on the record the discriminations, per employees. ployment Service, provided for a Federal Ad secutions, and sufferings imposed on the Whereas average cash earnings of factory visory Council representing workers, employ migrant farm workers of America. workers in 1949 were $2,600, average earn ers and the public, the Farm Placement Almost everyone of these problems has ings for both migratory and nonmigratory Service (a part of the Federal Employment been depicted and decried by the AFL Na farm workers were only slightly more than Service) has disregarded this tripartite tional Farm Labor Union and the AFL but $500. principle. Instead, it has organized and now they are verified and confirmed officially BARGAINING NEEDED depended for advice on a Special J"'arm Labor by President Truman's Commission on Mi The commission said it was convinced that Committee, composed wholly of farm em grant Farm Labor. Here are highlights from balanced organization and effective collec ployers and their representatives. the Commission report: tive bargaining would be of great assistance WETBACKS AND THEIR GREEDY EMPLOYERS A not only to farm workers but that it would DISGRACE TO THE UNITED STATES LARGE GROWERS, UNITED STATES BLAMED also contribute to more orderly management The report deals with the plight of 1 of labor. Adoption of the system would, for Mr. LANE. Mr. Speaker, they sneak million migratory farm workers, of whom instance, eliminate the labor contractor and across the Rio Grande from Mexico, half are domestic migrants. The other half middleman and the "sweatshop conditions aided and abetted by large farmers. is made up of 400,000 illegal Mexican wet that are frequently associated with them," ranchers, and growers associations, to backs (persons who cross the border by the report said. work for starvation wage:;. swimming or wading or just walking) and It was recommended that the Taft-Hartley That is why they are called wetbacks: 100,000 Mexicans legally here under contract, Act be amended to cover employees on fanns and a small number of British West Indians having a specified minimum employment. It is easy for thousands of them to slip and Puerto Ricans. through the long boundary between UNIT~D STATES RELAXES VIGILANCE Some of the evils which the Commission Mexico and the United States because says it found during its 8 months' investiga The official vigilance during World War II our border patrol is kept at skeleton tion were_ pinned on the large industrial that provided for temporary admission of alien farm workers was abandoned in the strength with the connivance of agricul growers, many of whom deal with so-called tural employers in the United States contractor and crew leaders. These last postwar years, the report points out. named bear no direct responsibility to the Since then, responsible Government ad who want to fatten themselves by ex migratory workers. ministrative agencies have ceased putting ploiting cheap labor. The Commission, too, discovered an anom forth efforts to preserve national immigra The tragedy and the treason of this aly in the employment conditions of migra tion policy, the report continues. situation is that it is being encouraged tory farm workers. Alien workers, such as The Commission, in fact, found that the by every devious practice at a time when those who come here from Mexico, for ex importation of alien farm workers since the war had been on a larger scale than during unemployment is mounting among our ample, are, by intergovernmental treaty, people. There is no need whatsoever for guaranteed employment, minimum wages, the war. The result is that temporary foreign la imported farm help, when there is a workmen's compensation, medical care, growing surplus of American labor. housing, and sanitation standards. But borers have come to furnish "the very com domestic migrants not only have no protec petition to American labor that it is the Those who encourage this modern tion through collective bargaining but em purpose of the immigration law t:> prevent.'' slavery in the Southwest wrap them ployers refuse to accord to them the guar PHONY SHORTAGE CERTIFIED selves in the American flag whenever antees they extend to imported alien farm The report describes what the Commission there is a bill to liberalize immigration workers. considers the inadequacies in the method of from Europe that would bring skilled It was emphasized by the Commission that ascertaining whether a farm labor shortage refugees to our country. They shout the problems under study were not primarily exists. about the dangers of communism when those of the poor little farmer, but were The farmers, it was pointed out, meet at we are trying to provide sancutary for a largely confined to conditions on about the beginning of the season and decide uni 125,000 farms which amount to 2 percent of few more of communism's victims. But laterally what the prevailing wage is to be. they flout every consideration of security the farms of the Nation and produce crops The rate is usually low before the season be equal to approximately 7 percent of the value gins, and so, the report finds, it is possible when they smell the profits that will of all farm products. that insufficient domestic labor is attracted. accrue to themselves by opening the IMPORTS NOT NEEDED Therefore a "labor shortage" can be said to borders to migrant Mexican workers. The conclusion that it is not necessary to exist "at that price." They ignore the warning by the United import aliens in large numbers during the Since foreign workers cannot be imported States Immigration and Naturalization . present emergency is supported broadly by until the United States Employment Service Service that more than 100 Communists this argument: certifies that a shortage exists, this apparent a day are coming in through our back Estimated farm output for 1951 is 3.6 per lack of applicants becomes the basis for the door. Our whole security setup becomes cent above 1949. If this· additional output necessary certification. a farce when the precautions we exercise were to require an equal percentage increase To safeguard the interests of domestic along the Canadian border, and at all in man-hours then we would need about farm labor and to avoid, so far as possible, west coast, east coast, and gulf ports, are 700 million additional hours to produce the discrimination that favors imported alien 1951 output. contract labor, the Commission proposes abandoned along the 2,000-mile Mexican :rhese additional man-hours could be sup that "no certification of shortage of domestic. border, because special interests here put plied by the present domestic labor force labor should be made unless and until con selfishness above patriotism. including farm family labor, if each worke; tinental domestic labor has been offered the It is to the credit of the Mexican Gov put in 6¥2 more days per year. And, even same terms and conditions of employment ernment and evidence of its concern for at that, they would be working 3 days fewer as are offered to foreign workers." the welfare of its own nationals that it per year than in 1945. The average hired NO WORKER SPOKESMEN wants to engage in joint supervision of farm worker who in 1949 was getting only 90 days of farm work-23 fewer than in The Farm Placement Division in the this problem. There was such an agree wartim.e-would be willing, if given the op United States Employment service, according ment, but it expired on January 15, 1954. portumty, to contribute this amount and to the Commission, is more sucecssful in Mexico will not renew this pact unless it more. winning the confidence and cooperation of contains minimum guaranties covering employers than of the migratory workers. wages and conditions of work. FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS ANNUAL EARNINGS "This seems to be due to the fact that in Comparing the hourly earnings of farm practice the service places greater emphasis Meanwhile, irresponsible farmers, laborers and factory workers the commission on its function as a recruiting agency for ranchers, and growers-and there is a reported that during 1910-14, the period des farm employers than it does on the equally growing suspicion of collusion between ignated by Congress as the base for the farm important function of a work-finding agency them and the United States Govern parity price system, farm wages were two for the migratory farm laborers," the Com ment-have been recruiting wetbacks thirds of factory wages. Today they are a mission points out. legally and illegally to reap "grapes of little more than one-third. These practices "have convinced the Com wrath" all over again. Actual average hourly earnings of farm mission that the employment service con The shameful conditions under which workers in 1950 was 55 cents and those of ceives its functions as rather narrow and factory workers $1.45. In 1910-14 the com limited. Moreover its activities are marked these migrant laborers live endanger the parable figures were 14 and 21 cents. by a certain onesidedness in favor of corral public health, undermine educational Notwithstanding prerequisites furnished ling supplies of migratory farm workers to standards, lower the level of economic by employers such as housing and transpor meet growers' labor demand regardless o! activity, and provoke social tensions. tation, the commission finds that farm work- the effect on the workers." The wages paid them by their slave mas- 1954,- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 2433 ters in the United States degrade them sugar beets are raised. I understand ing meetings in the city, and as recently to an animal-like status. This is a that about 3,000 of these nationals were as this morning this matter was again threat to farmers and ranchers in other employed in Colorado last year to har discussed. So I say to you, set your parts of the United States who pay le vest our crops. While this number is minds at rest about that. gitimate wages. As these migrant wet small as compared to the total number Referring again to wetbacks, this is no backs spread through the country, they imported, this labor is a very important wetback bill. Somebody said something are used by other exploiters to wreck element of our economy. Without this about stopping the illegal entries at the our own labor standards. And the min labor, it would be impossible to harvest Mexican border. I just want to say, if imum-wage law becomes a travesty on certain crops. some of you will follow certain leader economic justice. I am, of course, very anxious to use ship operations that might be exerted Under these conditions, more people local labor wherever possible. This reso here, we will begin to do something are apt to wonder whether the Commu lution provides that the nationals can about it. That is one thing that is not nists or these greedy employers are doing not be used where local labor is avail involved here unless it can be fairly said more to sabotage the confidence of able. No one has any intention of tak that by the adoption of this legislation, Americans in their Government. ing any work away from citizens of this which will provide for the legal entry The scope of the problem, in numbers country. However, it has been demon of people needed here, we will avoid, at alone, is revealed by the Government's strated year after year that this type of least in some measure, the problems in admission that there were about 500,000 labor is not available in the United cident to the wetbacks coming into this apprehensions of illegal entrants in States. country. As a matter of fact, there are 1952 as against 839,000 in 1953. I feel that it is essential to the econ about 40,000 of these Mexican workers From these figures it is safe to assume omy of our Nation that this legislation now in the western part of the country, that the number of those who were not be passed. and if they have to leave it will create a apprehended is large. This invasion Mr. Speaker, I yield the balance of vacuum which will persuade more wet could not be successful without a con my time to our distinguished majority backs to come in here to meet the situa spiracy to evade the laws of the United leader, the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. tion. Furthermore, some of the gentle States. HALLECK]. men, who have such a great solicitude It is apparent, therefore, that we must Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I trust for labor in this country, should consider crack down-and hard--on those Amer that we may proceed to the adoption of that if these crops are not harvested, icans responsible for this deplorable con this rule and the adoption of the legis then the workers in the sheds, and so dition. lation which will be before us pursuant forth, will not have jobs, because they The present bill would enable the De to the rule. My understanding is that will not have anything to work on. partment of Labor to handle this prob the great Committee on Agriculture by Whatever there is in that, I hope they lem in a unilateral manner, which would almost a unanimous vote has brought will consider it. be an arrogant attitude, tending to break this matter to us for our consideration As a matter of fact, my information is down the good-neighbor policy between on the floor of the House. Before I talk that it costs the producers in this coun the United States and her friends to the about the merits involved here, I want try more to hire these Mexican laborers south of us who are rightfully sensitive to say I do not know whether or not I than the prevailing local scale; but you on this point. understood correctly what the gentle cannot find local people to do the work. I do not claim that the Mexican Gov man from New York [Mr. RooNEY] said. It has otherwise been urged here that ernment is without fault on this issue. If I understood him, he was at least try what we need is an agreement with Mex Behind the whole question of negotia ing to create the impression that the ico. I concur in that. That is what we tions between the two governments, and great President of the United States, want-an agreement. We have been disagreement as to terms, is the much Dwight D. Eisenhower, was for this leg trying to work one out for months and larger and more difficult problem that islation as a result of some social visit months and months. I am not so certain bas never been resolved. which he made with Governor Shivers, but what the fact that this resolution The bootleg traffic in wetbacks is a of Texas. We have heard a few things has been reported and that action on it is practice that will not be tolerated by around here lately about name calling, imminent has brought us to the point American public opinion. It is an af but I want to say I resent that sort of where, as the gentleman from Indiana front to human dignity and a menace implication and there certainly should [Mr. MADDEN] pointed out in the paper, to our labor standards. be no one in this Chamber who would it now looks as if an agreement will be You can never validate a continuing take any stock whatsover in such a worked out. That is what we want. No injustice no matter how you disguise it. statement. Now, let us not get all mixed one disagrees with that. But the ques Unilateral recruitment of Mexican up about illegal wetbacks, a name ap tion then arises, How best do you get the farm labor is un-American to begin with. plied supposedly to people wading across agreement? I will tell you that one way Furthermore, it is an insult to our un the Rio Grande River. I have seen the not to get an agreement is to defeat this employed, and to the absence of any Rio Grande River a few times, and I do rule and this proposed legislation, be constructive help for them. not know whether you could get wet in cause just as surely as you do, you are not House Joint Resolution 355 is a mask it or not. But at any rate they walk going to get any agreement, unless it is that fails to conceal the exploitation of across illegally. Here we are dealing one that perhaps would ask us to do so human misery. All the rationalizing in with the question of legal admission to much that we would not want to enter the world cannot conceal the ugly facts. this country. In order that there be no into it. That is not the sort of thing The reputation of the United States question about it, and apparently much that should be talked about here too should not be sullied by this type of leg of this opposition is centered around much, because I realize that we have to islation. some sort of contention that the Depart maintain friendly relations with every Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask ment of State and the Department of body. unanimous consent to include two tele Labor and the Department of Justice do Do you not have confidence in the peo grams in my remarks on the rule. not want this legislation or that the ad ple in the executive branch of the Gov The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ministration does not want it, let me set ernment, who have the primary respon the request of the gentleman from In your minds at rest about that because I sibility for maintaining those relations? diana? can assure you that this legislation I think I can assure you on the best There was no objection. would not be here before us today if such authority that if there were anything Mr. CHENOWETH. Mr. Speaker, I were the case. On the contrary, this leg destructive or bad to come from the yield myself such time as I may require. islation is desired. It is desired because adoption of this resolution, the people in Mr. Speaker, I am for this legislation it is in the national interest and those charge would have said so and I would and I hope this rule is adopted. The people having primary charge of the conduct of our foreign affairs as well as not be here urging its adoption. But be importation of Mexican nationals for cause that is not the situation, I am here agricultural work in this country has the conduct of our affairs here at home worked out very successfully for a num favor this legislation and want it to be urging its adoption. ber of years. This type of labor is abso brought to enactment. Reference has been made to the farm lutely essential to the beet-sugar indus As some of you may have read in the organizations wanting an agreement. try in Colorado and other States where papers, we have certain Monday morn- Of course they want an agreement. 2434 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE · .March 1 Everybody, as I said, wants an agree· ADJOURNMENT Clerk for printing and reference to the ment. But there again, the fundamental Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I move proper calendar, as follows: thing is how best are we going to get an that the House do now adjourn. Mr. MILLER of Nebraska: Committ ee on agreement? I would hazard a little The motion was agreed to; accordingly Interior and Insular Affairs. H. R. 4481. guess. Let us pass this resolution here A bill to authorize enrolled members of the today. I trust that some of the Mem (at 2 o'clock and 43 minutes p. m.) the Gros Ventre and Assiniboine Tribes of the bers in opposition to it will be willing to House adjourned until tomorrow, Tues Fort Belknap Reservation, Mont., to acquire proceed and debate the matter and get a day, March 2, 1954, at 12 o'clock noon. interest s in tribal lands of the reservation, and for other purposes; with amendment vote on it so that we do not have to call (Rept. No. 1257). Referred to the Commit the roll too many times, because we have EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, tee of the Whole House on the State of the lots of work to do, and this is one thing ETC. Union. we are going to have to conclude because Mr. WOLCOTT: Committee on Banking it is a part of the program and needs to Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive and Currency. H. R. 7339. A bill to increase be done. communications were taken from the the borrowing power of Commodity Credit Corporation; with amendment (Rept. No. If we can, let us get up to the vote and Speaker's table and referred as follows: 1308. A letter from the Director, Office of 1258). Referred to the Committee of the approach it on its merits and as a starter. Whole House on the State of the Union. I believe you will find these negotiations Defense Mobilization, Executive Office of the President, transmitting the quarterly report will be proceeding quite expeditiously on borrowing authority for the quarter end and that very shortly we can look for an ing September 30, 1953, pursuant to section PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS agreement that will be satisfactory to 304 (b) of the Defense Production Act, as Under clause 4 of ru1e XXII, public the Mexican Government and satisfac amended; to the Committee on Banking and bills and resolutions were introduced and tory to the Government of the United Currency. severally referred as follows: States and will help out in this critical 1309. A · letter . from the Achivist of the situation which confronts us. I do not United States, transmitting a report on rec By Mr. YORTY: ords proposed for disposal and lists or sched H. R. 8116. A bill to amend the Internal know whether any of these people will ules covering records proposed for disposal Revenue Code to increase the income t a x come to my State of Indiana or not, but by certain Government agencies; to the exemptions allowed a taxpayer for himself, it does not make any difference. Here Committee on House Administration. his spouse, a n d his dependents to $700 for is a proposition that has been urged at 1310. A letter from the Secretary of Com the taxable year 1954 and to $800 for succeed the hearings. We have been acting on merce, transmitting the Third Annual Re ing taxable years; to the Committee on Ways it for years, going about the same thing, port by the Administrator of Civil Aeronau and Means. so why not proceed toward action and tics on Operations, pursuant to Public Law By Mr. H . CARL ANDERSEN: 867, 81st Congress; to the Committee on H . R . 8117. A bill to amend section 416 of get on with other business before us. Interstate and Foreign Commerce. the Agricultural Act of 1949 with respect to Mr. CHENOWETH. Mr. Speaker, I 1311. A letter from the Director, Adminis the donation of food commodities; to the move the previous question. trative Office of the United States Courts, Committee on Agriculture. The previous question was ordered. transmitting a draft of a bill entitled "A bill By Mr. HORAN: Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Speaker, a point to amend subdivision (a) of section 66, 'Un H. R. 8118. A bill to amend section 416 of claimed moneys• of the Bankruptcy Act, as the Agricultural Act of 1949 with respect to of order. amended, and to repeal subdivision (b) of the donation of food commodities; to the 'The SPEAKER. The gentleman will section 66 of the Bankruptcy Act, as amend Committee on Agriculture. state it. ed"; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. COON: Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Speaker, I make 1312. A letter from the Director, Adminis H. R. 8119. A bill to amend the Internal the point of order that a quorum is not trative Office of the United States Courts, Revenue Code to provide that the tax on present. transmitting a draft of a bill entitled "A bill admissions shall not apply in the case of to amend subdivision (b) of section 14, 'Dis admissions to certain rodeos, community The SPEAKER. The Chair will charges, when granted,' of the Bankruptcy shows, and festivals; to the Committ ee on count. (After counting.] Two hun Act as amended and subdivision (b) of Ways and Means. dred and forty-three Members are pres section 58, 'Notices' of the Bankruptcy Act By Mr. DEANE: ent, a quorum. as amended"; to the Committee on the H. R. 8120. A bill to make it unlawful for The question is on the resolution. Judiciary. any person having a wife and children
