May 13, 1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13009 at tract a few highly motivated, well-qualified the close of routine morning business on come before the Senate, I move, in ac­ teachers to one of the most difficult teach­ Wednesday next, May 15, 1968, the dis­ ing jobs in the Nation for the same money cordance with the previous order, that they could earn in more affluent communi­ tinguished Senator from Michigan [Mr. the Senate stand in adjournment until ties, but it is clearly unrealistic and unrea­ GRIFFIN] be recognized for not to exceed 11 o'clock a.m. tomorrow. sonable to expect many such teachers to enter 20 minutes. The motion was agreed to; and (at 5 more demanding work for the same or less The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without o'clock and 27 minutes p.m.) the Senate money. objection, it is so ordered. adjoumed until tomorrow, Tuesday, In the committee's judgment, the salary May 14, 1968, at 11 a.m. levels proposed in H.R. 16409 are both real­ istic and reasonable. They will give the Dis­ ORDER OF BUSINESS trict of Columbia Board of Education the advantage it must have to improve the qual­ Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi­ CONFIRMATIONS ity of instruction in the schools. They help dent, I suggest the absence of a quorum. Executive nominations confinned by recognize the teacher's high place in the scale The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk the Senate May 13, 1968: of community values. This investment in the will call the roll. educational system is a necessary fundamen­ The assistant legislative clerk pro­ UNITED NATIONS tal step. Good teachers foster good citizens. ceeded to call the roll. George W. Ball, of New York, to be the It is in this spirit that your committee Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi­ representative of the United States of Amer­ commends H.R. 16409, as amended, to the ica to the United Nations with the rank and Senate for prompt passage. dent, I ask unanimous consent that the status of Ambassador Extraordinary and order for the quorum call be rescinded. Plenipotentiary, and the representative of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without United States of America in the Security ORDER FOR RECOGNITION OF SENA! objection, it is so ordered. Council of the United Nations. TOR GRIFFIN ON WEDNESDAY AMBASSADOR NEXT G. Mennen Williams, of Michigan, to be ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 11 A.M. Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipoten­ Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Prest- Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi- tiary of the United States of America to the dent, I ask unanimous consent that at dent, if there be no further business to Ph111ppines.

HOUSE, O·F REPREISENTATIVE:S-Monday, May 13, 1968 The House met at 12 o'clock, noon. to amend the National Housing Act with test the proposed discontinuance of sev­ The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, respect to interest rates on insured mort­ eral Chesapeake & Ohio trains. The D.D., offered the following prayer: gages, and for other purposes. Commission not only allowed the dis­ On May 8, 1968: continuance in a case decided May 7, II God be tor us, who can be against H.R. 15398. An act to amend the National us?-Romans 8: 31. School Lunch Act to strengthen and expand 1968, but their review of the evidence is 0 God, our Father, we come together at food service programs for children, and for a gross insult to the public which rides this moment to unite our hearts in prayer other purposes. these trains. unto Thee. Keep us aware of Thy pres­ As a Member of Congress, I received ence and make us receptive to the leading hundreds of letters from constituents of Thy spirit as we live through the stress MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE protesting conditions on these railroads, and strain of these difficult days. A message from the Senate by Mr. and pointing unmistakably to the rail­ Since no man lives a stranger to trou­ Arrington, one of its clerks, announced road efforts to downgrade service. In my ble, grant that we may not give up before that the Senate agrees to the report of 32-page testimony before the Interstate the hazards of life but may live with that the committee of conference on the dis­ Commerce Commission, I quoted exten­ hope which belongs to those who trust in agreeing votes of the two Houses on the sively from 35 constituents who had writ­ Thee, confident that new paths will open amendments of the Senate to the bill ttm me about their personal experiences to those who walk with faith. (H.R. 14940) entitled "An act to amend with roaches in the coaches and other In this day when people knock at the the Arms Control and Disarmament Act, conditions which had discouraged pas­ door of our hearts and call us to lead the as amended, in order to extend the au­ sengers from traveling. way to a greater life, together may we thorization for appropriations." For 2 days, the battery of high-paid place the weight of our influence on The message also announced that the counsel for C. & 0. cross-examined me on the side of life and health and brother­ Senate agrees to the amendment of the the witness stand, and the only point hood-through Him who is the way, the House to a bill of the Senate of the fol­ they could make was that I had not truth, and the life. Amen. lowing title: personally ridden with each of these con­ S. 1119. An act to grant minerals, includ­ stituents when they experienced these ing oil and gas, on certain lands in the Crow conditions. I testified that I had had per­ THE JOURNAL Indian Reservation, Mont., to certain In­ sonally seen and experienced the dis­ The Journal of the proceedings of dians, and for other purposes. graceful conditions on the railroads. Now Friday, May 10, 1968, was read and listen to how the ICC summarizes my approved. testimony in his ruling. Commissioner THE SLEEPY AND INEFFECTUAL IN­ Stafford says, at page 112: TERSTATE COMMERCE COMMIS­ A portion of the Congressman's testimony MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT SION was comprised of excerpts from written com­ munications he had received from his con­ Sundry messages in writing from the Mr. HECHLER of West Virginia. Mr. stituents. Upon cross-examination, he ad­ President of the United States were Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to mitted that he had no personal knowledge communicated to the House by Mr. Geis­ address the House for 1 minute and to of the circumstances complained of by these ler, one of his secretaries, who also in­ revise .and ex,tend my remarks. constituents. formed the House that on the following The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Now I ask you, Mr. Speaker, are we dates the President approved and signed the request of the gentleman from supposed to ride personally on every train bills of the House of the following titles: West Virginia? before we can legally submit evidence to On May 4, 1968: Thee was no objection. this prejudiced body, the Interstate Com­ H.R. 15344. An act to amend section 14 (b) Mr. HECHLER of West Virginia. Mr. merce Commission? How long, Oh, Lord, of the Federal Reserve Act, as amended, to Speaker, this morning's New York Times how long is this sleepy old agency going extend for 2 years the authority of Federal carries a blazing lead editorial condemn­ to continue to pamper railroad manage­ Reserve banks to purchase U.S. obligations directly from the Treasury. ing the Interstate Commerce Commis­ ment, and when is the Interstate Com­ On May 7, 1968: sion for its sleepy and ineffectual efforts merce Commission going to begin to pro­ H.R. 10477. An act to amend chapter 37 to protect the public interest. tect the defenseless traveling public, and of title 38 of the United States Code with Mr. Speaker, I testified before the In­ when is Congress going to insist that the respect to the veterans' home loan program, terstate Commerce Commission to pro- ICC protect the public interest instead 13010 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 13, 1968 of the private interests of railroad man­ whether simply transferring purchasing merchandise trade deficit in 5 years and agement? power from the private sector to the experienced another big run on U.S. gold governmental sector through a tax in­ during March. At the same time, con­ OKLAHOMA CELEBRATES 21ST AN­ crease without a sincere effort on the sumer prices rose and the cost-of-living NIVERSARY STRAWBERRY FES­ part of the Johnson administration to index advanced for the 14th consecutive TIVAL AT STILWELL cutback its expenditures will really do month, while farm parity dropped to 73. the job. I intend to discuss that tomor­ With serious economic problems grow­ Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr. Speaker, I row in some detail. ing worse, and the international balance­ ask unanimous consent to address the The President of the United States of-payments situation threatened even House for 1 minute and to revise and still has not spoken up, which is a pre­ further by the trade imbalance, we must extend my remarks. requisite if this kind of fiscal package is use every tool at our disposal to reverse The SPEAKER. Is there objection to going to do any good. these trends. That is why I am today the request of the. gentleman from introducing the Fair International Trade Oklahoma? Aot of 1968 to encourage the growth of There was no objection. CAPTIVE RUMANIA international trade on a fair and equita­ Mr. EDMONDSON. . Mr. Speaker, the Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask ble basis. red and white necktie I am wearing to­ This bill is based on the idea of shar­ day is in recognition of the 21st Annual unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and eXJtend ing the domestic market with imports Strawberry Festival which was cele­ and allowing imports to grow as domestic brated on Saturday, May 10, at Stilwell, ncy remarks. The SPEAKER. Is there objection ;to consumption of the product grows. The Okla.-the strawberry capital of the ~ffect would be to treat imports liberally world. the request of the gentleman from Ohio? 'l\here was :no objection. without allowing them to take over our Thousands of Oklahomans .and hun­ market at will and driving the competing dreds of visitors from other States were Mrs. BOLTON, Mr. Speaker, the lOth of May marked the traditional national domestic industry to the wall. Imports on hand for the colorful festival events, would be allowed to grow, but their de­ and several showers failed to dampen holiday of the Rumanian people. In early years of the nation, neighboring coun­ structive efforts would be contained. the large crowd's enthusiasm or to stop Imports would be kept in balance and the big parade. tries hoped to absorb the new nation, but Rumanian patriots exercised wise would not flood our markets at will, con­ Johnnie Lee Wills' famous Western tributing to our trade imbalance. Band was a major attraction art; coro­ and steadfast policies to strengthen the nation ceremonies for beautiful Festival power and prestige they had gained. The fair international trade bill would Queen Carolyn Carson, the 17 -year-old Since the beginning of Rumanian his­ apply to a number of industries in my daughter of Dr. and Mrs. John H. Car­ tory, in 1866, Rumanians have cherished native Minnesota, such as the iron ore son. that anniversary and observed it. With industry, the makers of building mate­ The festival queen's lovely young at­ the changes brought about by World rials such as hardboard, and many other tendants were Miss Beverly Green, War II, Rumania lost its freedom. The concerns including agriculture. However, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Burdge Green, 1Oth of May, however, still symbolizes this bill would not affect existing quota and Miss Sherrie Cole, daughter of Mr. to the people of Rumania the fact of na­ laws that apply to a number of agri­ and Mrs. Lloyd Cole, Jr. tionhood and inspires them to persevere cultural products. Bill Cunningham, district lieutenant through present difficulties until freedom Mr. Speaker, I commend this bill to governor of Kiwanis International, can be regained. our colleagues as a realistic answer to crowned Queen Carolyn. In 1968 the world has seen new efforts the problems of uncontrolled imports. Stilwell's Strawberry Festival, as by captive Rumania to exercise inde­ It offers some protection for American usual, was fea.tured by the serving of pendence. It is no secret that its leaders domestic industries, but does not close fresh strawberries and cream to thou­ disagree with the Soviet authorities over th~ door on foreign suppliers. They would sands on the courthouse lawn. many policies. Other members of the still be able to participate in our mar­ During the 21 years of the festival's Warsaw Pact have been noticeably im­ kets, but on a fair basis. It is hoped histocy, it has grown steadily as a major pressed with the courage and independ­ that this measure will receive serious at­ Oklahoma ·tourist attraction, and license ence of the Rumanians. Among the tention during this session of Congress. tags from all over the United States were people at large there is marked emphasis in evidence in Stilwell last Saturday. on Rumanian history and tradition. In closing, I would like to repeat the There is a serious decline in· the birth SPECIAL ORDER VACATED words of welcome which appeared on the rate, in reaction to the inadequate Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ editorial page of the Stilwell Democrat standard of living and malnutrition of­ mous consent that the special order pre­ JoumallastThuxsday: fered by the Communist economy. There viously granted to me for today be va­ Stilwell is a friendly town. Come join us are continued lags in industry and farm cated. for the festival. You'll have a good time. production. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Free Rumanians living in West Europe the request to the gentleman from Iowa? and the United States observed their an­ There was no objection. THE TAX-EXPENDITURE CUT niversary with renewed dedication to PACKAGE the task of seeking freedom for their Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask enslaved country. They held the official HIGHWAY SAFETY ACT-MESSAGE unanimous consent to address the House celebrations which their exploited coun­ FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE for 1 minute and to revise and extend trymen could not-to keep alive the UNITED STATES (H. DOC. NO. 311) dream of free Rumania. Let us, who 'be­ my remarks. The SPEAKER laid before the House The SPEAKER. Is there objection to lieve in freedom, join in observing this anniversary and in commending the the following message from the Presi­ the request of the gentleman from dent of the United States; which was Missouri? courage and indomitable spirit of Ru­ mania. read and, together with the accompany­ There was no objection. ing papers, referred to the Com.m.ittee on Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, I have Public Works and ordered to be printed, asked for and been granted a special with illustrations: order on tomorrow for 1 hour, at which FAIR I~RNATIONAL TRADE BILL time I intend to discuss the proposed tax Mr. LANGEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask To the Congress ot the United States: bill and expenditure cut. unanimous consent to extend my re­ I am pleased to transmit the first an­ I was one of the conferees who did marks at this point in the RECORD. nual report on the administration of the not sign the conference report. This was The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Highway Safety Act of 1966. for very important procedural reasons the request of the gentleman from Each year, more than 50,000 Ameri­ but also for very important substantive Minnesota? cans die on our highways. Millions more reasons. There was no objection. are injured. Billions of dollars are lost The issue before this society is one of Mr. LANGEN. Mr. Speaker, it was sad by death, disability, and protracted stays in.fl.ation. It becomes a real question to learn that this Nation suffered its first in hospitals. May 13, 1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13011 This report, which covers the period I hope that this report will encourage terstate and Foreign Commerce Commit­ from September 9, 1966, to December 31, the Congress to continue its support for tee and would have voted in favor of that 1967, shows that we have begun to take these programs, and I commend it to resolution. effective action to stem this terrible tide. your attention. During this period LYNDON B. JOHNSON. -We established a National Highway THE WmTE HOUSE, May 13, 1968. INCREASING AUTHORIZATION FOR Safety Bureau. APPROPRIATION FOR CONTINU­ -We issued highway safety standards. ING WORK IN THE MISSOURI -All 50 States received Federal CALL OF THE HOUSE RIVER BASIN BY THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR grants-in-aid to help them and local Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, I make the commrmities to improve their high­ point of order that a quorum is not Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, by direc­ way safety programs. present. tion of the Committee on Rules, I call up -A broad research program has be­ The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum House Resolution 1165 and ask for its gun, which will provide sound guide­ is not present. immediate consideration. lines for future safety standards. Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I move a The Clerk read the resolution, as fol­ The fight to stop the slaughter on our call of the House. lows: highways will be long and hard. I hope A call of the House was ordered. H. RES. 1165 the Congress will be encouraged by this The Clerk called the roll, and the fol­ Resolved, That upon the adoption of this report to continue its strong support of lowing Members failed to answer to their resolution it shall be in order to move that these vital programs. the House resolve itself into the Committee names: of the Whole House on the State of the Union LYNDON B. JOHNSON. (Roll No. 134] THE WHITE HOUSE, May 13, 1968. for the consideration of the bill (S. 3033) to Abernethy Gurney Olsen increase the authorization for appropriation Arends Hagan O'Neill, Mass. for continuing work in the Missouri River Baring Hanna Pepper Bingham Halleck Pickle Basin by the Secretary of the Interior. After NATIONAL TRAFFIC AND MOTOR Blackburn Halpern Pike general debate, which shall be confined to VEHICLE SAFETY ACT OF 1966- Bla.nton Grover Podell the bill and shall continue not to exceed one MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT Brasco Hansen, Idaho Pollock hour, to be equally divided and controlled by OF THE UNITED STATES (H. DOC. Burton, Utah Ha.nsen, Wash. Pryor the chairman and ranking minority member Button Hardy Pucinski of the Committee on Interior and Insular NO 310) Gabel[ Hebert Purcell Celler Heckler, Mass. Quillen Affairs, the bill shall be read for amendment The SPEAKER laid before the House Conyers Holifield Resnick under the five-minute rule. At the conclu­ the following message from the President Oorbett Holland Roberts sion of the consideration of the bill for of the United States; which was read Corman Irwin Ronan amendment, the Committee shall rise and and, together with the accompanying pa­ Cramer Jarman Rostenkowski report the bill to the House with such Cunningham Jonas Scheuer amendments as may have been adopted, and pers, referred to the Committee on In­ Daddario Jones, N.C. Selden terstate and Foreign Commerce and or­ Davis, Wis. Kee Skubitz the previous question shall be considered as Dent Kelly Smith, Iowa ordered on the bill and am.endments thereto dered to be printed, with illustrations: Diggs Kluczynski Stephens to final passage without intervening motion Darn Kornegay Stubblefield except one motion to recommit. To the Congress of the United States: Dow Kupferman Stuckey This year, we can expect 53,000 Ameri­ Downing Laird Talcott The SPEAKER. The gentleman from cans to die on our Nation's highways. Edwards, La. Leggett Teague, Tex. Missouri is recognized for 1 hour. Evins, Tenn. Lloyd Tenzer We can expect almost 4 million Ameri­ Farbstein Long, La. Thompson, N.J. Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, I yield 30 cans to be injured in automobile acci­ Fino Lukens Tuck minutes to the gentleman from Nebraska dents-nearly 10,000 people hurt every Flood Madden Watkins [Mr. MARTIN], pending which I yield my­ Ford, Gerald R. Mailliard Whalley day. Fraser Matsunaga Wilson. self such time as I may consume. We can expect automobile fatalities Frelinghuysen Miller, Calif. Charles H. Mr. Speaker, the rule is self-explana­ to be the largest cause of death in the 15 Fulton, Tenn. Mink Wolff tory; 1 hour, open. I know of no con­ Gallagher Mize Wydler to 35 age group. Gardner Moore Wyman troversy either on the rule or on the bill Year after year, those expectations be­ Gray Morse, Mass. Young it would make in order. come gruesome reality. Green, Oreg. Murphy, N.Y. Zion I reserve the remainder of my time. In 1966, we took our first major step Griffin Nix Mr. MARTIN. Mr. Speaker, I yield my­ to combat this shameful waste. And now Griffiths O'Konski self such time as I may consume. I am pleased to transmit to the Congress The SPEAKER. On this rollcall 324 House Resolution 1165 provides for an the first annual report of the National Members have answered to their names, open rule, with 1 hour of debate, on Tra:ffi.c and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of a quorum. S. 3033, a bill to increase the authoriza­ 1966. By unanimous consent, further pro­ tion for appropriation for continuing This report covers the period between ceedings under the call were dispensed work in the Missouri River Basin by the September 9, 1966, and December 31, with. Secretary of the Interior. 1967, and I believe it shows a promising The increase is for the 2 years 1969 beginning. PERSONAL EXPLANATION and 1970. It totals $59,000,000. There is During this period expected, 2 years hence, a further addi­ -Two hrmdred safety-related recall Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I tional authorization to continue the con­ campaigns were conducted by the ask unanimous consent to address the struction work authorized by Congress motor vehicle industry. House for 1 minute. in 1964, and this future authorization is -The first Federal motor vehicle The SPEAKER. Is there objection to expected to complete the woTk on the standards in history were issued and the request of the gentleman from projects. are already in application on all cars Ohio? No new projects may have funds ap. manufactured after January 1 of There was no objection. propriated for them from moneys au­ this year. · Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I thorized by the bill-it is strictly to com­ -Additional standards were issued for would like to announce my position on plete projects now under construction. vehicles manufactured after Janu­ two votes which I missed early last week The Department of the Interior has ad­ ary 1, 1969. due to my presence in Ohio for our State vised the committee that unless these -A sound research program has been primary. frmds are authorized they will have to begun, to provide a firm basis for fu­ I would have voted in favor of H.R. stop work on a number of projects as of ture safety standards for vehicles 16819, the Vocational Rehabilitation Act June 30, 1968. and for State safety programs. Amendments of 1968. The Flood Control Act of 1944 author­ Our efforts are beginning to tell: the I supported the proposal for House ized the Secretary of the Interior to rate of increase of tra:ffi.c deaths has Joint Resolution 958, authorizing the rmdertake a portion of the comprehen­ slowed somewhat. Still, the destruction Secretary of Transportation to conduct sive plan for the development of the wrought by Americans on themselves, a comprehensive study and investigation Missouri River Basin. Section 9(e) of their fellow citizens, and their property of the existing compensation system for that aot authorized an appropriation of is of tragic proportions. · motor vehicle accident losses, in the In- $200 million for partial accomplishment 13012 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 13, 1968 of the works to be undertaken by the sight responsibility as far as the Missouri when we consider the building of one of Secretary. Since then the authorization River Basin project is concerned until these projects, I will say to my friend of the Missouri River Basin program all of the units started prior to 1964 have that I am sure he understands it is some­ called for a sum of $975,680,000 which been completed. whalt similar to a surgical operation. In has been expended on the basin and Mr. Chairman, as far as I know, this other words, a surgeon does not stop at various construction projects. The De­ legislation is noncontroversial. It will any place but in the interest of efficiency partment of the Interior supports the bill, clear the way for the Appropriations and success he finishes the operation in as does the Bureau of the Budget. Committee to act on the President's fis­ an orderly manner. In reclamation the I know of no controversy on this legis­ cal year 1969 budget request which it engineers should continue in an orderly lation, Mr. Speaker, and I support the already has under consideration for this manner until it is completed within a rule and the legislation. work in the Missouri River Basin. reasonable period of time. Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, I move the I urge the approval of S. 3033. Mr. HALL. Is there any reason to go previous question on the resolution. Mr. HALL. Mr. Chairman, will the ahead with these transmission lines? The previous question was ordered. distinguished gentleman yield? Mr. ASPINALL. Yes; I would say that The resolution was agreed to. Mr. ASPINALL. I yield to the gentle­ it is highly necessary that we continue to A motion t o reconsider was laid on the man from Missouri. proceed with the construction of these table. Mr. HALL. Mr. Chairman, I appreciate transmission lines, because the power is Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. the distiguished chairman of the Com­ available and it should be sold and ift Speaker, I move that the House resolve mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs should be sold in the area where it can be itself into the Committee of the Whole yielding to me at this point for informa­ marketed. House on the State of the Union for the tional questions which I hope will be of Mr. Chairman, if the distinguished consideration of the bill (S. 3033) to in­ benefit to the entire body. gentleman from Missouri will take a look crease the authorization for appropria­ I notice that this authorization is to at the chart which appears on page 2 of tion for continuing work in the Missouri the Secretary of the Department of the the report, the gentleman will see thBJt River Basin by the Secretary of the Interior, and I would presume that most there is a sizable amount of money in­ Interior. of the projects involved are in the orig­ volved here insofar as transmission lines The motion was agreed to. inal Missouri River Basin Act and are are concerned. reclamation projects; is that correct? These are the transmission lines that IN THE COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE Mr. ASPINALL. The gentleman from will b:i-ing the power from the area Accordingly the House resolved itself Missouri is correct. All of these moneys around Fort Thompson to Grand Island. inrto the Committee of the Whole House· are for reclamation projects. The au­ Mr. HALL. In that connection, before on the Sta;te of the Union for the con­ thorization in the Flood Control Act of the gentleman answers the first part of sideration of the bill

bill Sportsman on the Washington-Cin­ Mr. SMITH of Oklahoma. Mr. Speak­ cinnati run. er, I am enclosing for the RECORD a sam­ ANNISTON, ALA., It is all part of a dismally familiar story ple of my 1968 legislative questionnaire May 9,1968. for the I.C.C., the oldest of the Federal reg­ Hon. BILL NICHOLS, ulatory agencies and-except for the Federal and report newsletter through which I House of Representatives, Communications Commission, which nomi­ hope to inform my constituents of the Washington, D.C. nally regulates the radio and television in­ serious issues before the 90th Congress, DEAR MR. NICHOLS: We employees Of An­ dustry-the sleepiest and least effectual. and as well gain their opinions on some niston Army Depot, deeply regret the death Made up of eleven coznmissioners who of the more salient issues. of our beloved Governor Lurleen B. Wallace. rotate the chairmanship each year, the r.c.c. This year, I aJil using a new type of We are deeply hurt and very much con­ has a shifting membership, no executive head questionnaire which I hope will be most cerned about the lack of respect shown our and few consistent policies. Its protracted easily computed so that my constituents Governor by the Federal Government. procedures sometimes irritate the railroads, To place a trouble maker like Martin busllnes and trucking companies, but these opinions will be more quickly realized. Luther King above Mrs. Wallace is like a private interests much prefer to suffer its I am sending the same questionnaire to slap in the face to the people of this coun­ fussy inconsequence than to deal with a approximately 4,000 college students in try and especially the people of Alabama. small, reformed agency which might aggres­ order that the young people within the We would like to know how Martin Luther sively defend the public interest. District will as well have an opportunity King could be considered a national official The scorching report of JohnS. Messer, the to give me their opinions. May 13, 1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13021 The questionnaire and report follow: INSTRUCTIONS Energy Commission, General Services, Small CONGRESSMAN JAMES V. SMITH REQUESTS YOUR Please read questions on the other side of Business and Veterans Administration, and OPINION, MARCH 1968 this card carefully and decide on an answer. National Aeronautics and Space Administra­ Push out appropriate box with a sharp pen­ tion. Dear Friends: I am using this new method cil. Remove punch tab from back of card. I commend the Lawton Chamber for their of questionnaire this year, and I invite and Please place this c·ard in a stamped envelope efforts in bringing this conference to Okla­ urge you to participate. and return to Congressman James V. Smith, homa. It will be of great value in bridging On the other side of this card are listed a 1632 Longworth Building, Washington, D.C. the geographical distance between the State few of the issues facing our Nation. Your 20515. and VVashington. opinions will be of great value in directing We have had many letters from Senior my efforts in your behalf. I am asking for (Check one) Citizens requesting information as to their your cooperation as I feel it irs our job to work --(Mr. & Mrs.) (Please print eligibility for Social Security, Medicare and together for a better and stronger America. -(Mr.) name & address) ----.-- (Mrs.) other Federal programs for the benefit of If you will be kind enough to indicate your --(Miss) the elderly. I plan to sponsor a forum where opinions, following the instructions, I shall representatives of Social Security Adminis­ appreciate it very much. AddressName ------______tration, Department of Health, Education Sincerely, and Welfare, and other agencies will be on JAMES v. SMITH, hand to answer questions and counsel those Member of Congress. who attend? (Do not bend, spindle, or mutilate card) DO YOU AGREE? Yes No Unde­ Pat, a girl in our office, says, "If we send cided aid to foreign countries, they hate us. If we l. Do you approve of the President's con(d)uc~ ott th_efiVdieUtnsam :wvar? ______o D D . a m ens1 1e .. a1r attacks } b don't, they hate us. So why don't we take 2. In North VIetnam, do you favor_ __ __ (b) a bombing halt ~ D D the cheap route to being despised?" (c) maintaining air attacks at the present level? ------Yes No Unde- cided MAY I HELP YOU? 3. Should the . United States continu~ to trade with. nations that are aiding North Vietnam? ______o D D Q. Our wedding date was set and engraved 4. Do you believe the Govern.ment_g1ves the Amencan people enough vital information on what it is doing? o D D invitations sent out. Now the draft board 5. Do you SU{lport the admm1strat10~'s proposed i_ncrease in taxes?_------~~~~~= 0 D D 6. Do you believe that federal spendmg on domestic programs should be reduced in view of our present situation? o D D has ordered my fiance to report two days 7. Do you favor returnmg a percentage of t~e tax money colle_cted by the Federal Government to State and locai - before our wedding day. Can you help? governments to be used as they see fit, as opposed to d1rect Federal aid to local communities? o D D Yes. A two-week postponement was ob­ 8. Should _the F_eder~l . Go_vernment enact legislation to ban _all mail-order sales of firearms? ------~======o D D 9. In dealing w1th CIVil disorder, do you favor __ __ (a) stnct~r handling of rioters and demonstrators by} tained from a sympathetic draft•board. pollee and the courts. ------a b Q. I am in Vietnam and Internal Revenue (b) more programs for improvement of slum areas? D D D Service has started auditing my past returns. Unde- My wife cannot cope. Can you help? 10. Do you agree with a recent S~preme Court decision which allows Communists to work in defense plants? Y~s No cided Yes. The IRS was persuaded to suspend 11. Would you favor Government msured loans for rural homes, which FHA and VA now extend to city dwelle.rs? ==== o 8 8 audit until he returns to the U.S. CONGRESSMAN JAMES V. SMITH, OF 0K·LAHOMA, the line you help hold on an extravagant Q. I haven't received my Social Security REPORTS FROM WASHINGTON Administration. check. Can you help? Yes. We checked and learned the computer MARCH 1968. I have introduced 28 bills of which four which makes the checks also makes errors. DEAR FRIENDS: As Congress begins its work have passed (an Anti-Riot bill; provision for Q . I am in Vietnam. My father has just in the new session, America is challenged at an Ethics Committee; restricting imports of died. I am an only child. Mother, an invalid, home and abroad. I have no doubt that we long-staple cotton; and payment of $15 mil­ needs me to handle her affairs. Can you are equal to the challenge, but it will require lion to the Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes). help? dedication, cooperation and sacrifice from all My most recent bill is designed to bar sub- Yes. We helped him get compassionate re­ Americans. versives from working in defense plants. Last assignment to a post nearer home. But to do that, we must know the facts. December the Supreme Court declared that If Americans cannot have faith in the ac- such restriction was unlawful. GEARED TO SERVICE curacy of their Government's statements the TYRANNY IN THE IRS? During the past year many hundreds of whole structure of our system is undermined. I wonder at what point do we begin to requests for help have come into my office As your Representative, I renew my pledge favor a Government agency over the people via telephone, telegram, letter or personal to each and every one of you to do my ut- we were elected to serve? visit. My entire staff is geared to serve. In most to determine what is best and to do Five months ago I called on the Speaker addition, I meet personally with as many what is best for our District, our State and of the House to reconvene the House Treas­ people as possible during my trips home. I our Nation. ury-Post Office appropriations subcommittee appreciate the chance to discuss legislation The President's budget calls for new spend- under new and impartial direction to con­ with you or help you solve problems you ing authority totaling $201,700,000,000, the duct a proper investigation into charges the have involving the Federal Government. first time in the Nation's history such a re- Internal Revenue Service uses lawless tactics Also, my two District representatives are quest has exceeded $200 billion. against the public. This hearing has not been happy to meet with you at any time. They Most of us have no conception of how called. are Marshall Humphrey, Room 319, Federal much $1 billion is, much less $200 billion. A national magazine made the charges Building, CA-4-1761, Chickasha; anct Col. But when the cost of living goes up, it hits and cases were cited. But when the subcom­ (Ret.) Justice R. "Bob" Neale, industrial where we can all feel it-in the wallet. That's mittee conducted a so-called investigation, development specialist, American National why I am against a tax increase until more it was behind closed doors and testimony Bank Building, 355-8056, Lawton. prudence is exercised in Government spend- was heard only from witnesses representing ing. IRS. And because to the community suffering I say this indicates favoritism for the Gov- THE SHELL GAME WITH "CITIES" a drouth, little else seems as important as ernment instead of the people. Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ access to an adequate supply of water; and COMING EVENTS to the community facing excess unemploy­ mous consent to extend my remarks at ment, nothing is more desirable than new Two events of importance are being planned this point in the RECORD and include industry with a healthy payroll-because of for western Oklahoma which will be of inter­ extraneous matter. these and many more problems facing us, est to many hundreds of people. They are The SPEAKER. Is there objection to I am putting my shoulder to the wheel to the Department of Defense Federal Procure­ the request of the gentleman from do what I can, and to bear my responsibil1ty ment Conference to be sponsored by the Lawton Chamber of Commerce in Lawton New York? as your Representative. There was no objection. I am enclosing a questionnaire seeking March 29, and a Senior Citizens Forum for your opinion on several issues. Your cooper­ which the date and place will be announced Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, recently, we ation in filling it out and returning it to me later. have heard various statistics on the will be of great assistance. There are many businesses and manufac­ magnitude of Federal aid to the cities turers in this area which produce goods the bantered about in floor debate. Twenty­ LEGISLATIVE RESPONSIBILITY Government would buy. The purpose of a I have strongly supported any legislation procurement conference is to bring these two billion dollars and $37 billion are designed to reverse the trend toward increas­ men face-to-face with men from Govern­ the figures mentioned most frequently. ing the power of the Federal Government, ment agencies who will explain how to pro­ Twenty-two billion dollars was the level and I have done everything possible to keep ceed with negotiations in securing Govern­ cited in the President's message on down nonessential Government spending. ment contracts. cities on February 22, 1968. It includes There are times the most important accom­ Representatives will be invited from De­ that share of all Federal grant-in-aid plishments are the bills you help defeat and partment of Defense and Commerce, Atomic programs which go to cities plus direct 13022 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 13, 1968 Federal construction expenditures. The hereby designate the week of May 12-18, The rioting which followed the mur­ $37 billion figure includes the foregoing 1968, as Small Business Week in Texas, and der of Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., urge all citizens and organizations to par­ if plus direct and guaranteed loans which ticipate in ceremonies recognizing the many has persuaded Gregory, he says, that go to the cities. These indeed seem to contributions of small businesses to the there were some incident during his orig­ be substantial sums. welfare of our State. inally planned demonstrations "be it In fact, the Federal aid which reaches In official recognition whereof, I hereby the fault of a demonstrator or the fault out large urban areas is nothing like affix my signature this 6th day of May, of the authorities, it could kick off mass $37 or $22 billion a year. In the first 1968. rioting again and as a citizen and as an place, "cities" in this connection takes JOHN CONNALLY, American I am not going to be respon­ the census definition, which includes all Governor of Texas. sible for any violence or any rioting at communities with populations in excess all." of 2,500; in other words, more than 80 PLANNED DISRUPTION OF DEMO­ I regret to say that Gregory's. stand percent of the United States. CRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION against violence and rioting is not According to the Bureau of the shared by others who have planned to Budget, only $12 billion of Federal Mr. WILLIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask disrupt the convention. grant-in-aid funds reach the large unanimous consent to extend my re­ The arti·cle follows: metropolitan areas, and only some frac­ marks at this point in the RECORD and YIPPIES WILL HELP TAUNT DEMOCRATS IN CHI­ tion of that-$5 or $6 billion-actually include extraneous matter. CAGo--MASSIVE LEFTIST DEMONSTRATIONS reaches central cities with populations The SPEAKER. Is there objection to PLANNED in excess of 50,000. the request of the gentleman from Whether they like it or not, come the end Furthermore, the $5 or $6 billion fig­ Louisiana? of August Mayor Richard Daley and the ure includes such programs as construc­ There was no objection. city of Chicago will be hosts to what may tion grants for highways which pass Mr. WILLIS. Mr. Speaker, for some well turn out to be the weirdest, wildest mass through central cities and do not direct­ time now it has been known that a con­ gathering in American history. There to greet glomeration of elements have planned the thousands of delegates and alternates to ly benefit urban residents. So in actual the Demooratic National Oo.nvention during fact, Federal aid to cities, as the term to disrupt the Democratic National Con­ the week of August 25 will be a staggering is generally understood, is not $37 billion vention in Chicago this August. As chair­ conglomerate of black nationalists, hippies, or $22 billion, but something less than man of the Committee on On-American campus radicals, neosuffragettes, acid heads, $6 billion. We are spending $80 billion a Activities, I have been receiving reports pot he,ads, speed freaks, New Leftists, Old year on the military budget, $30 million of these plans for some time and have Leftists and In-Between Leftists, all come to of it in Vietnam. Surely, we can afford communicated information to appropri­ protest what they varyingly call the "sys­ more than one-thirteenth of our mili­ ate authorities. tem," "establishment," "power structure," I believe it is important, however, that "imperialist gcwernment," "racist govern­ tary expenditures to save our cities. ment," or "the creeping meaJtball," but which all Members of . the Congress and the all ta,ke to mean the Administration and public also be informed about how far policies of Lyndon Baines Johnson. TEXAS OBSERVES SMALL certain elements in our society will go Even at this early date there are three BUSINESS WEEK to achieve their purposes-and how com­ more or less distinct mass groups with more plete is their attack on our institutions. or less definite plans to demonstmte in the Mr. BATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Significant numbers of these people Windy City concurrent with the Democratic unanimous consent to extend my re­ are subversive in the truest sense of the meeting. There is Negro sometime-comedian marks ~at this point in the RECORD and to word. It is their intent to destroy the Dick Gregory, planning to lead black masses include extraneous matter. in an effort to "cancel the convention." There representative, constitutional govern­ are diverse anti-war, anti-draft elements or­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ment of this country and to do this they ganized under the banner of the National the request of the gentleman from are, step by step, attacking and attempt­ Mobilization Committee to End the War in Texas? ing to disrupt all our key political and Viet Nam. And finally there is the Youth There was no objection. governmental institutions. The Presi­ International party (YIP), a hippie hang­ Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, the Hon­ dent, the Armed Forces, the draft, the over whose meznbers call themselves "yippies" orable John Connally, Governor of State Department, the Congress-all are and whose political philosophy seems to be Texas, has by an official memorandum, targets of these forces who have now nine parts whoopee. designated the week of May 12-18 as Gregory was the first to announce his gone so far as to plot the disruption and plans, saying some weeks ago that he would Small Business Week in Texas in co­ undermining of a major political con­ organize round-the-clock demonstraJtions operation with our Pre'sid'ent ~ and in vention, thus attacking the very founda­ throughout Chicago to force city officials "to recognition of the vital importance of tion of democratic government. cancel the convention or call out the the small business segment of our econ­ I am certain that the Democratic Army ... The convention will be held "only omy. Governor Connally has always Party leaders responsible for the con­ over my dead body," he declares. Gregory been a vigorous champion of small busi­ vention in Chicago have been informed has also said his operations would be non­ ness. His statement follows: of the plans of these elements and that violent and law-abiding, btit that if they failed to provoke retaliatory police action, he OFFICIAL MEMORANDUM BY JOHN CONNALLY, they are taking steps to frustrate them. would turn to "disruptive tactics"; reporters GOVERNER OF TEXAS These people have devious ways, how­ could not get him to elaborate. GREETINGS: Nine of every ten business ever, and may succeed in thwarting the The groups coordinated by the National firms in this nation are small businesses best efforts of those responsible to see Mobilization Committee, on the other hand, and these firms provide more than one­ that the Democratic Convention pro­ appear to be the best-organized force threat­ third of the nation's goods and services. ceeds in an orderly fashion. ening Chicago. Some 200 delegates from The small business is the backbone of Some of the plans of the. elements I these groups, ranging from Women Strike for our economy, and it contributes signifi­ have referred to were spelled out in an Peace to the Comrimnist party, met at a cantly to the well-being of our citizens, to article published in the April 6 issue of secluded site outside Chicago last weekend the defense of freedom, and to the explora­ to discuss strategy for the Chicago onslaught. tion of new scientific vistas. the weekly Washington report, Human Organizers of the conclave included: David Small business is one of our most im­ Events. I will include the text of this Dellin~er of Liberation magazine; ex-Green portant employers, and its continued growth article at the conclusion of my remarks. Beret Donald Duncan, now "milltary editor" wlll provide additional jobs needed by a I would like to point out, Mr. Speaker, of Ramparts; the Rev. Daniel Berrigan, Ro­ growing State and Nation. that since this article was published, man Catholic chaplain at Cornell University; As leaders in the business and civic affairs Dick Gregory who is mentioned in it Ronnie Davis, a founder of Students for a of their communities, small businessmen has announced that he has abandoned Demo:::.ratic Society (SDS) and now director contribute methods and products which his plans to disrupt the convention. He of the Center for Radical Research, and Tom enrich the lives of our citizens and stimu­ Hayden, another SDS founder and occasional late our economic growth. had earlier threatened to stage such Hanoi visitor. The week of May 12-18 has been desig­ massive street demonstrations in Chi­ As the participants gathered !or the meet­ nated National Small Business Week by the cago during the time of the convention ing, the majority appeared to be disposed President of the United States. that "the Government will be forced to toward a dramatic, perhaps violent demon­ Therefore,• I, as Governor of Texas, do bring the Army in." stration at the convention; organizer Ronnie May 13, 1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13023 Davis had advocated "closing down the city Mrs. Abbie Hoffman of New York's Free "with hundreds or thousands of us ... it is on the first day of preconvention activity." School; Paul Krassner, editor of the Realist, our human right," says Rubin. But other factors, notably the anti-VietNam a magazine that often borders on pornog­ Plans for Grant Park include making presidential candidacies of Sens. McCarthy raphy; and Ed Sanders, a member of the Fugs, "every man a creator." Anyone walking across and Kennedy, tended to modify such hys­ a singing group that is infatuated with the the park at any time during the six-day terical outcries, since the delegates realized shock value of frequently using four-letter festival can expect to find free microphones disruptive demonstrations would only help words in the lyrics of their songs. and soapboxes, a free mimeograph machine their common enemy: LBJ. To add some zest to YIP's publicity at­ and copies of the underground newspaper At the close of the conference, organizer tempts, the leaders have formulated an in­ that will be published each day of the "festi­ Dellinger pledged that the participating lead­ teresting yippie slogan: "Rise up and aban­ val." Other underground newspapers from ers would try to keep the summer protest don the creeping meatball!" Granted, it around the country will also be represented "peaceful" and would try "to use the Demo­ doesn't have the magic of "Give me Uberty or and members of their staffs will teach in­ cratic convention as a national platform to give me death!" but then it is only a tempo­ terested persons how to start their own pa­ heighten our impact and visibility and draw rary slogan. In months to come, who can tell per. "A real school for drop-outs" will be the movement together." However, Dellinger what descriptive and colorful slogans the run and workshops will be held on how to noted, there were also no plans for disrup­ foursome can concoct? end the draft and make protest films. Each tion at last fall's less than "peaceful" Penta­ The creators contend that the concepts be­ night films of the day's activities will be gon demonstration (which he also helped hind YIP have been developing since the shown. All of these activities will be going plan) . A June meeting of the National Mobi­ 1950s and that the October 1967 demonstra­ on daily in Grant Park. Obviously, the yippie lization Committee's affiliates will make the tion at the Pentagon proved that a more co­ leaders hope to keep the "hundreds of thou­ final decisions on the Chicago strategy. ordinated, continual protest was needed. sands" of participants very busy. (Negro delegates to this conference, who Youth International party was then set up. The Youth International party does not numbered around 25, met in a separate Recently, a YIP information office was opened intend to confine 1ts various activities to "black caucus" to meet with free-lancer or­ in New York City. Grant Park alone. Yippies "dressed like Viet ganizer Dick Gregory and pass their own The first YIP project was drawing up vague Cong" will walk the streets of Chicago, resolutions. The full body then adopted sev­ plans for yippie protest. With typical New "shaking hands like ordinary American poli­ eral of these demands, including proposals Left fiamboyance, it was originally announced ticians." Rubin has promised that "the yip­ calling for the dropping of charges against that New York City was to be thrown into pies, being wanderers, will be all over the "political prisoners" Rap Brown and Le Roi "psychological paralysis" this spring. This city." Jones and the reseating of Adam Clayton was supposedly going to be accomplished by Yippies do not plan to forget the other Powell.) having 50,000 youthful peace demonstrators convention that will be taking place in the This leaves the Youth International party. jam the 50 most important traffic thorough­ same city on the same dates. They will use or the "yippies," by far the most colorful of fares at peak hours. various methods to "freak out" the Demo­ the Chicago-bound groups and perhaps the No concrete plans were made, however. Per­ cratic delegates. Some yippies "plan to paint biggest joke the New Left has ever played on haps obtaining 50,000 exuberant protestors their cars like cabs, pick up delegates, and the American public. The yippies, whose elder willing to brave Manhattan traffic at rush drop them off in Wisconsin." Others will in­ statesmen include poet Allen Ginsburg and hour was a more difficult task than Rubin filtrate the hotels housing delegates by dis­ LSD apostle Timothy Leary, have promised and Co. had imagined. Whatever the reason, guising themselves as "bellboys and cooks." to present a massive "festival of life" for the "psychological paralysis" of New York was The ylppies intend to create such chaos several days in the Windy City to supposedly soon forgotten and the yippies moved on to a among the delegates that Johnson will find show the attending Democratic delegates just project that would be more feasible, although it necessary to be nominated under military how to get more enjoyment out of life. less exciting. guard. Rubin believes that "the paranoia and The more traditional elements of the Left, Shortly after midnight on March 22, the guilt of the government will force thousands such as those at the National Mobilization main fioor of Grand Central Station was of troops into the city of Chicago to protect conference, are tolerant toward YIP, if not cluttered with 3,000 yippies in what YIP the Democratic delegates and LBJ" from the enthusiastic. Their conference last weekend, leaders have stated was originally planned as yippie threat. And every yippie knows that attended by yippie "observers," passed a res­ a "gathering of youths to share songs, pop­ more federal troops would mean a better olution supporting the YIP "festival." corn, jellybeans, and love for humanity." guerrilla theater. But the Left as a whole does not seem to However, Keith Lampe, a 36-year-old English Theatrics figure in other plans concerning be enthralled by the yippies. Although it is teacher and a leader of YIP, claimed that the Democratic National Convention. The several months old, the Youth International "almost spontaneously the anti-war chants day before President Johnson is scheduled party was regarded until recent days with began and were picked up in many parts of to arrive in Chicago the yippie leaders will what seemed to be embarrassment by the the terminal." announce to the press that LBJ will be ar­ more "responsible" leftist elements-notably Shortly thereafter, the gathering turned riving at O'Hare Airport at 2 p.m. But it will the Communists. Only the pro-Communist into a disorderly, destructive rally in which be a yippie "LBJ" who will be enthusiastically Guardian, a publication that claims to be anti-war messages were painted on the walls greeted by their cadre. After the airport an "independent radical newsweekly" had and property destroyed. Before the melee reception, the yippie "LBJ" will be honored even made mention of the new group; in the ended, more than 200 policemen had massed with a motorcade through Chioago. Then correspondence section of its March 9, 1968 at Grand Central. Fifty-seven persons were "LBJ" will hold a press conference in a yet issue, the Guardian printed a five-paragraph arrested on charges that ranged from feloni­ un-named Chicago hotel. The highlight of letter signed by four leaders of YIP. ous assault and criminal mischief to resist­ this press conference will be the announce­ The underground press, however, which has ing arrest and disorderly conduct. Two of the ment of America's "withdrawal from Viet printed several articels by YIP leaders, has arrested yippies were hospitalized and five Nam." made some attempt to capture the color of policemen were injured. The yippies also hav"e a candidate for the the Youth International party for its readers. Within 24 hours of this incident, the mass presidential nomination. He is Bancroft P. Two eye-catching headlines on these YIP ar­ media recognized the yippie phenomenon. Hogg, an animal made out of vegetables. ticles: "Elvis Presley Killed Dwight Eisen­ Throughout the country newscasters reported They have selected as Hogg's running mate hower" and "in America, we are all learning New York Chief Inspector Sanford Garelik's a man with previous experience as vice to become Viet Cong." The contents of these remark that "There's a sickness in these kids. president, Lyndon B. Johnson. Rubin writes articles make about as much sense as the There's a sickness in their families, but I that: headlines. think there's a force directing this, that "After Hogg is nomina ted, we will kill him Youth International party was master­ makes them come here and go there, some­ and eat him. And we will say to America: minded by Jerry Rubin, whom most Human body's directing this." After many months, 'You nominate a President and he eats the Events readers will remember as the young 'Vhe Youth International party had garnered people. At our convention we nominate a man dressed in Revolutionary War attire who some attention from newspapers, radio and President and we the people eat him!'" made an obscene gesture toward the chair­ television. This bizarre brand of New Leftism that the man of the House Committee on Un-Ameri­ And if YIP leaders can be believed, Grand yippies symbolize is calculated to mobilize can Activities during the hearings on the Central was only the beginning. Said Paul thousands of young radicals. The fun and anti-Viet Nam demonstrations in the late Krassner, "This is a preview of what Chicago games, the free food and music ineptly mask summer of 1966. is going to look like at the Democratic Na­ the real purpose of the "international youth Since then, Rubin has exchanged his Revo­ tional Convention in August." festival." It is the' hope of yippie leaders to lutionary War costume for that of a Viet YIP's most ambitious undertaking, the "in­ create total anarchy in Chicago. Cong guerrilla and has burned his draft card. ternational youth festival of life," promises At first, only a handful of people regarded Obviously, Rubin's talent lies in the so-called to be a "multi-media experience," the na­ the Youth International party with any seri­ guerrilla theatre, the authentic theatre of the tion's first "Do-In." Chicago's Grant Park has ousness. The incident in Grand Central Sta­ absurd, and in the Youth International party been designated the center of activity, a pro­ tion showed that, as fanciful as they might he has created an excellent vehicle !or his posal not calculated to delight Democratic seem, they are not merely a giant hoax. The unique talent. Mayor Daley. But the yippies are confident Chicago police are expecting the worst this Other less colorful leaders of YIP include they will receive a permit to use the park; summer and are preparing for the fiood of 13024 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 13, 1968 uninvited visitors-the yippies and their as­ talking about crime in the streets. The The right wing already is raising millions sorted summertime allies from across the Senator and Mr. Rustin would seem to of dollars in mail campaigns subtly appeal­ Left spectrum. ing to racism in the guise of concern about be off base since they are inferring that "crime in the streets." This is being done all of the crime in the streets is the re­ not only on behalf of identifiable extrem­ sult of American Negroes. I know of no TENOR OF THE LIDERAL'S CAM­ ists, but for hundreds of apparently "respect­ responsible person saying that. They are able" Republican candidates. And they are PAIGN?-LET'S HOPE NOT insulting the Negroes, not those of us who eliciting a powerful response from elements Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, I ask will not be scared out of discussing the in society who far from being appalled at unanimous consent to extend my re­ very real problem of crime in the streets. the prospect of an American apartheid, are actually-if covertly-delighted by it. marks at this point in the RECORD and COPE uses blatant demagogic smears The 150 House liberals have launched a include extraneous matter. and Bayard Rustin and friend are saying special effort, the Democratic Study Group The SPEAKER. Is there objection to that anyone who mentions crime in the Campaign Fund, to channel support to the the request of .the gentleman from Ohio? streets is a racist. Thus is the battle 50 of their colleagues who are most en­ There was no objection. joined for those liberal Democrats who dangered this year-and to about 20 chal­ Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, it is are rigr.tly scared. Scared to death of the lengers who may have a good chance of un­ seating conservative incumbents. Their no mystery to me why we find ourselves electorate which is finally catching up success and our nation's future depends on in the worst domestic and international with them. the level of public understanding and the quagmire in this country's history. The While I find myself in disagreement degree of public commitment. liberal Democrats have overpromised, with many of the policies advocated by We ask you to join this effort by making overburdened, overtaxed, overspent, the Democratic study group on the a generous contribution to the DSG Cam­ overcommitted, overprogramed, and other side of the aisle, I have never ques­ paign Fund now. An envelope is enclosed for overstaffed. They can read the times and tioned their integrity. They are very hon­ your convenience. many are coming to realize that their Sincerely your·s, orable and worthy adversaries. As I re­ BAYARD RUSTIN. impending defeat is overdue. To give the call, one of my good friends made some Senator [Deleted). Nation's overburdened taxpayers more critical statements just before the open P .S. You may have received more than one of the same medicine they have launched housing vote regarding literature and copy of this letter because it would be pro­ a fantastic campaign to paint a socialist information which was being circulated. hibitively expensive to check for duplica­ panacea to the public in order to get re­ It would be fair to ask them now if this tions in the lists that have been made avail­ elected. Rustin letter went out with their ap­ able for this purpose. If so, would you please pass the additional copy along to a friend I just looked at a recent COPE publi­ proval and if they subscribe to its con­ who may be interested in helping? Thank you. .cation, No. 189C. It makes no sense what­ tents. The letter follows: soever but in their usual smear diatribe SPRING 1968. DEAR FRIEND : We are deeply troubled. WE ARE LIVING IN A FOOL'S they state to their captive audience The Commission on Civil Disorders has that- stated "there can be no higher priority for PARADISE If 25 more liberal congressmen are elected n ational action and no higher claim on the Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, I ask ... slumless cities, decent homes for an nation's conscience" than "a compassionate, unanimous consent to extend my re­ Americans, pure air, clean water, consumer massive and sustained" attack on the prob­ marks at this point in the RECORD and protection- lems of racial injustice and deprivation in our society. And yet, even though the nation include extraneous matter. And so on. Now, as if that is not dema­ is verging toward greater violence, the brutal The SPEAKER. Is there objection to gogic enough they go on to say, on the fa ct is that most of the action called for by the request of the gentleman from other hand that- the commission would not be implemented Ohio? If 25 more conservative congressmen are by the present narrowly divided Congress There was no objection. elected . . . perpetuation and spread of even if the war were to end tomorrow. Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, those slums, continued shortage of good housing, The liberal strength which produced the constituents in Ohio's 17th District who rampant pollution, consumers unprotected. unprecedented social advances of the 89th keep up with my newsletters know that Congress was sharply reduced by the loss of What fraudulent lies to foist on the 47 bright, dedicated young members of the my favorite topic is deficit spending, public in this election year. Fantastically House of Representatives in 1966, and the back-door spending, and what the tax­ enough, they will probably get a few remaining liberal forces in the House have payer can see only as "trap-door" spend­ people to believe them. since been fighting a series of bitter but ing-or in a word the abuses and uses of successful rear guard battles to defend those the Federal budget. Wonders never cease, Mr. Speaker. I accomplishments against a revived conserva­ For 8 years I have cautioned-and I know we live in the midst of an incredible tive coalition. have done so as vociferously as any--on time, but who would ever have expected Nonetheless, action on our domestic prob­ the fallacies of the "new economics" that a U.S. Senator to team up with a con­ lems cannot be delayed without terrible has been infiltrated and has taken over victed sex offender who also served time consequences for our society. The situation in our cities is so desperate and explosive our Government here in Washington. My in a Federal prison for selective service concern and my criticisms go back into violation to come to the aid of the Demo­ that the political alternative to action will not be inaction as it was in the 1950's but the days of Walter Heller's absurd "defi­ cratic study group in Congress? Now, reaction. And if the history of the past two cits M strength" argument and up certainly they cannot be that hard up. decades is any guide, the choice between through the continuation of these The letter starts out: action and reaction will not be made in the theories and programs as expounded by We are deeply troubled- White House, but in the Congress-and es­ Gardner Ackley. pecially in the House of Representatives, Today. and disregarding an urge to That puts it mild. All Americans should where liberal power is now most needed and be deeply troubled at Bayard Rustin's ef­ most threatened. use the article in front of me to provide fort to raise money a lathe COPE smears. To the 150 liberal Democrats still in the an "0. Henry twist," I would like to The "appeal" has all of the usual in­ House, the need for action to meet our do­ quote from a 1963 article which appeared nuendoes. For example: mestic crisis is a matter of both urgent con­ in Reader's Digest. I emphasize that this viction and grim r;.olitical survival. Unless article is from 1963. It is the work of The right wing already is raising millions these committed House liberals can be saved the highly distinguished staff member, of dollars in mail campaigns subtly appeal­ and their numbers increased so as to really ing to racism in the guise of concern about Charles Stevenson, former chief of the make possible "massive and sustained" action Digest's Washington office who is now "crime in the streets." This is being done not on employment, housing, education and only on behalf of identifiable extremists, training, the political and social fabric of retired. but for hundreds of apparently "respectable" our nation could be ripped beyond recogni­ If I were to change a few names, sub­ Republican candidates. And they are elicit­ tion-and perhaps even beyond enduring stitute new figures and change the date, ing a powerful response from elements in so­ for decent people. it would read as if it were this month's ciety who far from being appalled at the Nothing is more important in this year of edition. prospect of an American apartheid, are ac­ political upheaval than that we remain For example, take this quote: tually-if covertly-delighted by it. united and effective on this issue, regardless The advertised $98.8 billion budget--vast Now, note that well. There is supposed of the course of the war. We must give these as it is-represents only a fraction of what to be some subtle appeal to racism by liberals our help, and we must do so now. the Government plans to spend in the next May 13, 1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13025 fiscal year- and this merely to set the stage There has been no economy, let alone Republican alike, has lined himself up with for even bigger spending in the years to austerity. President Johson has talked the ever-increasing number of knowledge­ follow. able critics. Washington newspapers report a out of both sides of his mouth. More new flood of mail to the Capitol: worried Unfortunately, in 1968, as in 1963, the than 500,000 new Federal employees taxpayers, too, have been indicating alarm. public does not get the true vision of the have gone on the payroll since he took And with good reason. For the advertised Federal budget, unless they read it in over at the White House. Look at what $98.8-billion budget-vast as it is--repre­ Reader's Digest and possibly a few other has happened to spending in these few sents only a fraction of what the govern­ places, such as my newsletters for the brief years: ment plans to spend in the next fiscal year­ and this merely to set the stage for even past few years. THE ADMINISTRATIVE BUDGET AND PUBLIC DEBT The fiscal tactics enumerated in this bigger spending in the years to follow. [In millions of dollars] Insistence upon spending more than can article are simply a con game to dis­ be collected in taxes has already swollen guise administration programs, expenses, our national debt to more than $300 billion. and tactics. Administrative budget Public Fiscal year debt at Just the interest on this is eating up more Mr. Stevenson said of President Ken­ Receipts Expend- Net end of than $10 billion a year of our taxes. That's nedy's 1963 budget: itures year more than we spend for any item of govern­ No other President in history has dared to ment except defense; it equals all the in­ come taxes paid by the 41 million Americans propose such spending, even in war. 1960_------77, 763 76, 539 + 1,224 286,471 1961______77, 659 81 , 515 -3, 856 289, 211 who report earnings up to $6,000. Moreover, But, each year since this time we have 1962 _------81 , 409 87, 787 -6, 378 298, 645 this living beyond our means has eroded 86,376 92, 642 -6, 266 306, 466 seen a larger budget. Now we are being 19641963 ______------______more than half the pre-World War II value 89, 459 97 , 684 -8, 226 312, 526 of our money, our savings, our Social Secu­ asked to pay for these past and present 1965_------93, 072 96, 507 -3, 435 317 , 864 fanciful ideas through a tax surcharge. 1966 ______104, 727 106, 978 -2, 251 320, 369 rity. Six times in the past year the cost-of­ 1967_ ------115,849 125, 718 -9, 869 326,733 living indexes hit new highs. Quite frankly, I feel that we are living 1968 ! ______118,575 137,182 -18, 507 351,599 1969 ! ______Yet, by the administration's own calcula­ in a fool's paradise. For some reason, the 135, 587 147 , 363 -11,776 363, 540 tions, spending in the new fiscal year be­ average American has been lulled into ginning July 1 will run $4.5 billion more believing that we can have militant peo­ t Estimate. than this year, $11 billion ahead of last. ple going throughout the country ex­ Mr. Speaker, we did not get where.we This spending will inflate the accumulated horting to violence, preparing for vio­ are accidentally. These deficits were deficit for Kennedy's three full fiscal years lence, but yet not have violence; that we in the White House to more than $27 bil­ planned. These phony "new economics" lion- a record unmatched in our history ex­ can in times of crisis and expediency set ideas have not worked and will not work. cept during the most desperate period of aside our constitutional principles but Feeding more tax money into such a World War II. still have our constitutional protections wasteful administration is the height of The President told Congress: "I will hold when we need them; that we can follow irresponsibility. Cut expenditures, im­ total expenditures for all other purposes "no-win" policies against the Commu­ plement economies at all levels of Gov­ (than defense, space and interest on the nists and somehow come out with a ernment, fight inflation, and instill con­ debt) below this year's level. This requires "draw"; that we can go three-fourths the reduction or postponement of many de­ fidence in the dollar and prove that we sirable programs." Yet House Appropriations of the way to socialism or communism do not, in fact, live in a fool's paradise. Chairman Cannon has noted that Kennedy's but not get there; and finally, that we Taxpayers will probably have to wait own budget figures show that defense can spend more than we take in, year in until a new Republican administration spending is up just 17 percent since he came and year out, but not have national and a Republican Congress come into to office, whereas non-defense spending has bankruptcy. office in 1969 for any hopes of achieving soared 27 percent and will go up by $2 bil­ We are creaking at the seams. The lion in the new fiscal year. Indeed, nearly these goals. We need a new fiscal re­ every government bureau and program is liberal Democrats have made a national sponsiblity and a new commitment to game out of overpromising, overbur­ listed as spending more. govern wisely-not higher taxes and Wha~t conceals this increased spending in dening, overspending, overtaxing, over­ more of the old, wornout, big Govern­ the budget is the offsetting bookkeeping en­ committing, overprograming, and over­ ment theories. The tax cut should be try of hoped-for receipts from sale of gov­ staffing. Now they want to take it out of rejected; spending cuts should be im­ ernment assets such as mortgages and com­ the hides of the American taxpayer for posed by a forward-looking Congress. modities. Thus, while the Agriculture De­ their own errors which men like Charles part ment will actually spend more than this This is the only hope for our people. year, the budget shows it spending $928,143,- Stevenson and conservatives in general The Reader's Digest article follows: have been warning about for years. 000 less, largely because the department I oppose the tax increase. I do so for [From the Reader's Digest, May 1963] hopes to offset the increases by selling off many reasons. Without a meaningful cut THE REAL TRUTH ABOUT THE FEDERAL vast amounts of its surplus cotton. To many BUDGET fiscal authorities--Rep. Thomas B. Curtis of in the budget, it will merely serve as a Missouri, for example-such bookkeeping is license for the big spenders to recharge (Additional billions are embedded in next year's record $98.8-billion budget. Here are merely ledger juggling to disguise what is their batteries and go off on another ir­ the shocking facts that taxpayers have not really being done. responsible spending spree. Take this been told.) "This indeed is fiscal irresponsib111ty," Representative Curtis told the House. "It is year for example. The papers screamed (By Charles Stevenson) with President Johnson's "austerity" a deceitful presentation to the Congress Look behind the 1600 pages of figures and and to the public. How does one say this speech in Minneapolis on March 18 but texts covering President Kennedy's proposed forcefully so that the country can under­ now he is bucking at a meas'ly $6 billion spending for the· new fiscal year that starts stand the techniques that are being used to cut in spending. Anybody that cannot July 1. Pin down federal fiscal experts as to deceive the people?" read that picture does not deserve to what certain bookkeeping references really Some of the techniques to which he re­ have his hard-earned money protected mean. Investigate leads that busy legislators fers lie in a no man's land known to the for him. lack time to follow up. Do this and you'll legislative trade as "backdoor spending." There is no austerity, there never will uncover some startling facts about the most Theoretically, Congress must review the ac­ be explosive issue now building up in Con­ tivities of each agency annually and then with this administration. To increase gress-the $98.8-billion budget. appropriate needed funds for the coming taxes rather than cut down on the op­ No other President in history has dared fiscal year. But under the backdoor system, pressive spending policies of this ad­ to propose such spending, even in war, and introduced in the 1930's, Congress vitiates ministration would be inflationary and consternation has been spreading ever since this right of review and control over spend­ against the best interest of our people he tossed this program to Congress. Ken­ ing. and our economy. It will only forestall the nedy's own Democratic House Appropria­ One way it does this is to give an agency day when we have to make even deeper tions Committee chairman, Rep. Clarence "contracting authority," in reality a charge cuts or greater tax hikes. You cannot Cannon of Missouri, went over it and dashed account to spend and simply send back an to the House floor. "I've never seen a budget annual bill which Congress must pay. Or it have both, and the mistaken liberal eco­ like this in all my 40 years in Congress, nor gives an agency authority to borrow its nomic philosophy which has had its day has anyone else!" he shouted. "Incredible. operating funds directly from the Treasury, and failed will only make your plight Inviting disaster. Staggering!" were some of which just adds the amounts to the pub­ that much worse in the near-very his descriptive terms. · lic debt. Congress doesn't enter the picture near-future. Legislator after legislator, Democrat and again until after the money has been spent; CXIV--821-Part 10 13026 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 13, 1968 then it is called upon to make up the loss by HHFA will hand out $625 million in grants These are just symbolic of new obligational appropriating more money to "restore im­ during the next fiscal year to make over authority which Kennedy wants approved paired credit" or by outright canceling of American cities. And the agency has at least during the next fiscal year. what the agency owes the Treasury. Some 46 other programs that will result in borrow­ "Obviously this loose spending must stop," $27.4 billion has thus gone down the drain ing from the Treasury in order to pay out at says Senator Byrd of Virginia. "There must since inception of the backdoor system. least $3.7 billion during the next fiscal year. be a turning back if we are to endure in the The system is used to cover up the cost Yet all that shows in the administrative image that we like to think is still our of outright gifts and credit operations which budget for these programs is a net $695-mil America. The rumblings in Congress and over are too often so set up that they never could lion expenditure. the country indicate that a lot of people feel pay their way. President Eisenhower regarded Finally there is the Commodity Credit Cor­ it is time to back up. But only if they com­ backdoor spending as so reprehensible that poration, which shows up as just a $1.4- plain loudly enough, and let their Congress­ he asked Congress to discontinue it as a fin-: billion expense as far as the administrative men and Senators know, will they get action. ancing method. But President Kennedy clings budget is concerned. Yet the agency will ac­ The blueprints exist by which the spending to it despite its being termed "fiscal insan­ tually obligate $9.5 billion, mostly backdoor can be br'ought under control overnight."' ity" by his own House Appropriations chair­ borrowings, in carrying out its agricultural Here they are: man. After trying to shove through enact­ price support and disposal programs here and 1. Junk the existing now-you-see-it-now­ ment of $30.9 billion of backdoor-spending abroad; it will require a $5.3-billion appro­ you-don't budget and eliminate backdoor authority and getting $20.1-billion worth, priation from Congress during the year to spending. Compel the executive departments Kennedy is back at it again this year. restore just some of its losses; and by its to submit all their spending proposals and Examples: own calculations it will end the year with an handling of the people's money to annual The Export-Import Bank requires $2 bil­ accumulated deficit of $8.139 billion. scrutiny by the Congressional appropriations lion of new financing to add to its previous These examples are typical of an entire committees which were set up for the pur­ outlay of $7 billion for helping foreign category of government spending known as pose of keeping expenditures under control. governments purchase American wares. In "public enterpdse" funds. Together they will 2. Stop having Congress act on more than his new budget Kennedy requests "authori­ lay out nearly $23.5 billion in the course of a dozen appropriation bills in such piecemeal zation to expend the sum from debt re­ their next fiscal year's operations. But thanks and unrelated fashion that the members ceipts"; the money would not be appropri­ to the bookkeeping practices cited here, the don't even know the total money they've ated as needed but would be obtained juggling and the consignment of huge losses voted to spend until after the session has through further borrowing by charging it to limbo, the $23.5-billion gross outflow is ended and they've gone home. Instead, pull to the public debt. Moreover, he enters this made to appear in the administrative budget together all these bills into a single legisla­ $2-billion item on the books for the cur­ only as a net $3 .5-billion expenditure. tive package. Congress will then be faced rently expiring fiscal year. Thus during the Yet this isn't all of the extra spending with the necessity of determining which new fiscal year beginning July 1 he is able to that fails to see the light of day in the ad­ items have priority so that the spending can show that the $2 billion was not requested, ministrative budget. There are more than be fitted into the funds that are available. and this is claimed to be a "savings" of $2 $28-billion worth of trust-fund payments, J ust by agreemen t, House Appropriations billicn. so-called and accounted for separately be­ Chairman Cannon got his committee to han­ The Treasury now has to pay up to 4% per­ cause the money comes from revenues dedi­ d le all appropriation bills as a single package cent to borrow from the public the money cated to their special purposes. Included here back in 1950. "It worked," Representative which the Rural Electrification Administra­ are $3.39-billion federally aided highway con­ Cannon recalls. "It will work again if we tion lends out at a cut-rate two percent to struction;· $3.77-billion unemployment bene­ ca.n beat down t he spenders who objected co-ops so they can operate electric utility, fits and operation of U.S. Employment Serv­ because it made it harder for them to raid appliance and telephone businesses in com­ ice offices; $1.01-billion gross expenditures the Treasury." petition with taxpaying companies. The out­ for the Federal National Mortgage Associa­ 3. Require the President in sponsoring leg­ standing co-ops-to-REA-Treasury-to-tax­ tion; and even some $500 million in foreign­ islat ion to estima te the ultimate cost of his payer debt now totals $3.6 billion and is ris­ aid financing. proposals. ing at the rate of several hundred million a When these particular spending programs 4. Set up spending controls by requiring year. But now Kennedy not only wants the are separated from such traditional trust­ Con gress t o limit by law the amounts to be REA to step up its halfprice loans; he wants fund operations as Social Security and Rail­ spent annually for every government pro­ to pour all the outstanding co-op loans into react Retirement and added to the previously gram. Congress at present only determines an REA revolving fund. Instead of continu­ totaled expenditures, you account for not how much it will give an agency to spend, ing to pass back to the Treasury the repay­ just $98.8 billion of government spending not when and how it will spend. ments received from the co-ops on these advertised in the administrative budget. You Legislation providing for these reforms has loans, Kennedy now proposes to have REA have at least $127.5-billion worth. been introduced by Senator Byrd, and there relend these repayments to the co-ops, thus Yet even this figure does not tell the whole is plenty of evidence that if we put them into further bypassing Congress. story, for it is only the amount that the gov­ effect, we'll be able to afford the tax cut we This means an immediate loss to the tax­ ernment will pay out, not what it will com­ want. Money now piling up in savings ac­ payers of $151 million, the amount which mit itself during fiscal 1964 to spend in counts will come out seeking investment. otherwise would be returned to the Treasury future years. For example, the administra­ Business will be able to expand. The country as the co-ops' passed-back repayments in the tive budget lists foreign aid as a $3.75-billion will move ahead. For once again there will new fiscal year. And what happens after all expenditure. But in his var!.ous budgeted be confidence in the land and in the future. these transactions go through the adminis­ programs Kennedy requests the authority to tration's bookkeepers? They end up in the obligate the government to enter into con­ new budget as "reduction in expenditures" of tracts, agreements and programs which will THE INTERNATIONAL IMPLICATIONS more than $70 million for the year. actually cost $5.053 billion 1 over the next A borrowed defense-production fund of several years. OF AMERICA'S VIETNAM COMMIT­ $2.2 billion was supposed to get back some of Similarly, Kennedy's budget starts off his MENTS its expenses by selling unneeded stockpiles Aid to Education program as a $144-million Mr. STRATTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask and recovering loans made to defense con­ expenditure, but this is merely the amount tractors. Instead, the fund has become so unanimous consent to extend ncy re­ that will be spent this coming year out of marks at this point in the RECORD and depleted that it can't even pay $127,584,000 a requested $1.2-bilMon appropriation. And interest due on its borrowings. Yet instead this is just seed money to begin a broad pro­ include extraneous matter. of seeking appropriations to make up some gram of educational financing, the ultimate The SPEAKER. Is there objection to of the losses, the President is sweeping the cost of which is not yet even dimly seen. the request of the gentleman from New problem under the rug by asking Congress Gifts for rejuvenation of urban mass trans­ York? to pass a law voiding the interest. This en­ portation have been budgeted as a scant $10- There was no objection. ables him to enter the repudiated interest in million expenditure, only a fraction of the Mr. STRATTON. Mr. Speaker, while his budget as another "savings" that he has $100-million appropriation which Kennedy is achieved, although the public still must pay we all share the hope that the peace asking for in order to start a program which ta.lks now underway in Paris will find the bill. will cost $500 million in the next three years; Or consider the Housing and Home Finance but HHFA Administrator Robert C. Weaver, an honorable formula for a genuine and Agency, which President Kennedy wants to who will oversee the program, has confessed lasting peace in Vietnam, it is also im­ develop into a vast Department of Urban Af­ portant, as we move toward the dimcult fairs. Chairman Harry F. Byrd, of the Senate that he doesn't know what the ultimate cost Finance Committee, says, "It had better be will be, and Kennedy's guideline is: "If mass and perhaps frustrating differences of called a Department of Backdoor Spending," transit is to survive it needs federal stimula­ opinion which these talks will certainly because last year it had a $13.7-billion spend­ tion and assistance." uncover, that we remember the basic ing authority, "and all but $300 mi111on of purpose and objectives of America's for­ this was through the backdoor." 1 Not including $2.429 billion for Food for eign policy which first led to our South­ For just one program, urban renewal, Peace. east Asian commitment. May 13, 1968 CONGRESSiONAL RECORD-~' HOUSE 13027 All too often we have been told that force behind American foreign policy in that the United States, after its bitter ex­ our commitment there has no real these last two decades has been something perience in Vietnam, is unable or unwilling bearing on the basic interests of the more than mere presumption or "the arro­ to use its m111tary power in the Middle East gance of power." For the world needs a tv assure Israel's survival as a nation-if this United States. All too often we have been measure of policing-the world does rely on power is all symbol and no substance-it will told that if we only abandon our fight for American power, does count on American inevitably start constructing nuclear weap­ self-determination in Southeast Asia, we power, does look to American power for the ons. Egypt, of course, wm do likewise, with will find ourselves suddenly back in a preservation of a decent level of interna­ or without Russian assistance. How do we simple and uncomplicated world where tional law and order. It wasnt' arrogance on contemplate such a confrontation? That, too, we need no longer be troubled by inter­ our part that cast us in the role of mediator has been at stake in Vietnam. national concerns and where we can de­ and arbitrator in the Cyprus dispute. Nor It is exceedingly strange that s-o many peo­ vote ourselves completely and whole­ was it any kind of narrow self-interest: The ple who have a sincere and passionate con­ nations of Western Europe have far more at cern over the Bomb should be oblivious to the heartedly toward solving our domestic stake in avoiding a war between Greece and fact that we live in a nuclear age. To listen problems. Turkey than we do, and we certainly could to self-appointed leaders of the "peace move­ Many, I am sure, realize that this is in­ not care less about Cyprus itself, where we ment," one would think that the only danger deed a false and misleading appraisal of have neither bases nor investments. Never­ posed by the Bomb is that some crazy general what is likely to occur when the Vietnam theless, when that dispute flared up, it was in the Pentagon will abruptly decide to use war does come to a close. Many of us have to the United States that both Greece and it. Unfortunately, it is extremely difficult for pointed out that failure to achieve our Turkey naturally turned. Had we decided to official United States spokesmen to discuss keep hands off, a Greco-Turkish war would this matter in public. How can the State De­ basic objectives in Vietnam, of resisting have been inevitable and the entire Middle partment or the White House talk bluntly armed aggression and defending self­ East would have been thrown into bloody of the dangers of a lot of kooky little (or not determination for small nations, will lead turmoil, with consequences that pass so little) nations playing around with nu­ not to peace in the world but to the imagining. clear weapons. How can Dean Rusk publicly danger of an even greater and more Along these same lines, one can only won­ assert that we don't trust India, or Pakistan, destructive war. der what the situation in Central Africa or Egypt, or Brazil, or whomever with I am delighted that a very forceful would be today if we had not helped estab­ nuclear arms? and persuasive analysis of just this lish stab111ty of a kind in the Belgian Congo, Protocol quite properly forbids such can­ an area of no direct concern-economic or dor. But protocol does not affect the basic point of view appeared yesterday as the Inilitary-to us. We intervened there because realities, which are available to inspection leading article in the New York Times most of the world thought it was our re­ by anyone who is w11ling to look at this world Magazine section, written by Mr. Irving sponsib111ty to do so-we had the ships, the with eyes unclouded by ideology. It 1s a Kristol and entitled "We Can't Resign as planes, the men and the money, too. world which, without "policing," will almost 'Policeman of the World.'" Mr. Kristol's Power breeds responsib111ties, in interna­ certainly blow itself to bits. analysis is all the more interesting in tional affairs as in domestic--or even pri­ It is because this reality of world politics view of the fact that the Times itself vate. To dodge or disclaim these responsibil­ is so blithely ignored or passed over that I in its own editorial policy has consist­ ities is one form of the abuse of power. If, find much of the present controversy over after Vietnam, the nations of the world be­ American foreign policy so unreal. Will the ently overlooked the points which he come persuaded that we cannot be counted United States go isolationist or neo-isola­ makes so persuasively. upon to do the kind of "policeman's" work tionist as a result of Vietnam, as some So as we move into the difficult and the world's foremost power has hitherto per­ fear and others hope? But can "going isola­ delicate negotiations in Paris, I believe formed, throughout most of history, we shall tionist" mean, in today's world? There is no Mr. Kristol's analysis deserves to be read unquestionably witness an alarming upsurge special American atmosphere; the air we and pondered by every Member of this in national delinquency and international breathe can be radioactively polluted by the body. disorder everywhere. Nor shall we remain actions of men, thousands of miles a way, unaffected, in our chromeplated American contesting issues in which, strictly speaking, Under leave to extend my remarks I fortress. Let me propose an example of how we have no kind of national interest. What it include the following article by Irving drastically we might indeed be affected-one comes down to, indeed, is that in the nuclear Kristol from the New York Times of which has received surprisingly little agP- no Great Power can responsibly define its May 12, 1968: attention. national interest in "strictly speaking" WE CAN'T RESIGN AS "POLICEMAN OF THE I happen to thdnk that the Administra­ terms. tion's "domino theory" is a perfectly correct I also find only a little less unreal the WORLD" description of what an American defeat (as (By Irving Kristol) notion that the United States should be against a settlement that falls short of vic­ strictly selective in its international com­ I pretend to no greater foresight than the tory for either side) wlll lead to. But let us Initments-avoiding all cases where we are next man on how the present negotiations assume that I'm wrong and that the nations likely to get· more deeply involved than we over Vietnam will proceed. But whether of Southeast Asia will remain uncoerced, un­ have deterinined beforehand we are willing they move swiftly or not, or smoothly or not, intimidated and unsubverted by a Commu­ to be. Things just do not work that way. it is nevertheless not too early for us to con­ nist Vietnam, allied or not with a. Commu­ "Strictly selective" commitments are as template the meaning of the Vietnam ex­ nist China.. There still remains the question much an anachronism as a "strictly speak­ perience for American foreign policy. More­ of how India is going to react to a situa­ ing" national interest. Like any policeman, a. over, it is extremely important that we do so tion in which the sole and unrivaled Great Great Power can remain prudently aloof from in the least polemical and most judicious of Power in Asia is a nuclear-armed China. Can various imbrogllous. A policeman on the beat tempers. For the implications of this experi­ anyone doubt that-dominoes or no domi­ can turn his eyes away from fainily quarrels, ence are nothing less than momentous. noes-the immediate consequence of an no matter how bitter and noisy, or from petty Everyone is to some extent aware that American withdrawal from Asia will be bookmaking, no matter how flagrant. But if American foreign policy, after this trauma, India's arming itself with nuclear weapons? the family quarrel should become a street wlll never again be the same. But too many Even now, the Indian Government is balk­ riot, or petty bookmaking be taken over by people seem to be content to leave it at this, ing at signing the nonproliferation agree­ a syndicate, he has no choice but to inter­ under the impression that the recent past ment, so laboriously negotiated by the United vene. Similarly, the United States need not­ having been so awful, the future-whatever States and Russia, becaUse it is skeptical and does not-meddle in everything happen­ its shape or form--can only represent an im­ of the wil11ngness or abllity of these two ing all over the globe. But to try to catalogue provement. There is, it seeiUS to me, a shock­ powers to protect her from nuclear black­ our commitments to suit our convenience is ing lack of recognition of the fact that the mail on the part of China. Should the United really not within our power. It may be re­ debacle in Vietnam initiates a major crisis States cease being an Asian m111tary power­ called that Dean Acheson did precisely that in American foreign policy-and perhaps in as is now being urged by so many-this with regard to South Korea, that "noncom­ world history too. skepticism wlll turn into certitude. India mitment" quickly turned into a major war Thus, there are many people who have will then start arming itself with nuclear for us. concluded rather smugly that, from now on, weapons-it has had the technical capacity Besides, the truth of the matter is that, a chastened United States will be more re­ to do so for some time now. And if India because we are a Great Power, we are a "com­ luctant to exercise a roving commission as proceeds, can Pakistan be far behind? How Initted" nation without knowing what our "policeman of the world." The conclusion do we contemplate a world in which India commitments precisely are. Our commit­ itself is indisputable: any future Adminis­ and Pakistan glower at each other, their ments are necessarily defined, to a consider­ tration will be most hesitant about entering fingers curled around nuclear triggers? That able extent, by circumstance and contin­ into a new military commitment overseas, is the kind of thing which has been at stake gency. What, for instance, is the exact nature and will even think twice before moving to in Vietnam. and extent of our commitment to the sur­ honor an old one. Or take another example, in another part vival of the State of Israel? I don't know; Stm, the fact remains that the moving of the world. If Israel becomes convinced the United States Government doesn't know, 13028 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 13, 1968 , either; nor do the Governments of Israel, power in its favor. But it cannot use force­ abruptly, not in any challenging way. And Egypt or the Soviet Union. What we will do for such use of force brings with it the pros­ if they do nevertheless rebel and are crushed, to insure Israel's survival will depend on the pect of a military confrontation between we shall plead their cause before the con­ kind of trouble it is in; it will also depend Great Powers, and such a confrontation in science of the world-but not otherwise in­ on the kind of trouble we are in, at the par­ turn immediately raises the possibility of a tervene. Wars of liberation are a dangerous ticular moment. This state of affairs will nuclear holocaust. anachronism in the nuclear age. We shall offend only the prissily tidy-minded. A pre­ This is what the doctrine of "containment" not engage in them. And it has been the cise and public definition of our commitment has come to mean. It is not a peculiarly cardinal principle of our foreign policy to might, at some point, force us to choose be­ American doctrine, and certainly not an in­ discourage, as effectively as we can, other tween a nuclear war with the Soviet Union trinsically anti-Communist one, · since the powers from engaging in them. or China and a humiliating capitulation. Soviet Union in practice also subscribes to But, after Vietnam, how does it stand The fewer such public definitions of our it. It is, to be sure, a relatively conservative with this cardinal principle of foreign pol­ commitments we burden ourselves with, the doctrine, since it insists that the pattern icy? It stands very badly, I think-worse than better off we are. of world power change gradually, subtly, as anyone seems to realize. And though hunting Above all, I find unreal the idea, so popu­ unobtrusively as possible. But when a world for scapegoats-on the part of both left and lar on the liberal-left, that our troubles arise walks on explosive eggshells, as ours has right-is already beginning to look like a from something called "the cold war," and been doing for nearly two decades now, there popular American sport, this is a futile dis­ especially from a dogmatic opposition to any­ is no alternative to such conservativism. traction. The sad truth is that there are no thing carrying the odor of something called It is in defense of this version of "contain­ "guilty men." "Communism." True, some leading figures in ment" that the United States intervened in The Johnson Administration will have to American life-mainly in the Republican South Vietnam. The exact historical circum­ take responsibility for the Vietnam debacle-­ party, so far as I can see-talk this way. And stances of our intervention, over which there but responsibility is not exactly the same it is unquestionably true that one major aim is now so much controversy, are not terribly thing as blame: The foreign policy of this of American foreign policy is to establish or significant. The involvement in Vietnam-an Administration was no capricious innova­ sustain a friendly and hospitable world en­ involvement that was sustained by three very tion; it had been pre-established (even in­ vironment. different Administrations-derives inelucta­ stitutionalized) during the preceding 20 But this last aim is shared by all Great bly from the fundamental principle of Amer­ years. But it was the Administration's bad Powers; it is attached to the very meaning ican foreign policy in the nuclear age. We luck to encounter a crisis that drained this of the term "Great Power." And the Adminis­ did not intervene in Indonesia, when that policy of its credibility. tration has not been carrying on any kind of nation (so much more important than Viet­ Americans do not like to talk about "bad doctrinaire, ideological crusade against nam) was apparently slipping into Commu­ luck" in politics-we are powerfully in­ Communism, wherever and whenever. We nist domination, because this fundamental clined to think that we are always masters are, for instance, scrupulously refraining principle was not being challenged. We in­ of our fate. But just as an individual's life from intervening in the present anti-Soviet tervened in Vietnam because it was. and career can be radically affected by sheer and anti-Communist turmoil in Eastern To be sure, there are all sorts of novel luck, so can a nation's. The Eisenhower Ad­ Europe; we are not even saying very much aspects to the Vietnam situation. Unlike the ministration was blessed by an almost un­ about it. And there are quite a few of the war in Korea, it is part civil war, part na­ canny good fortune. It actually landed Amer­ new nations in Africa that have pro-Com­ tionalist rebellion against Western influence, ican marines in Lebanon-an event which, munist regimes without the Administration's part m111tary aggression by Hanoi. But then, though dimly remembered, is hardly be­ even seeming to take any anxious notice of it is the doctrine of Mao (echoed, with varia­ lievable-and got them out unscathed. The the fact. tions, by Ho and Castro) that exactly such Kennedy Administration had more mixed Indeed the "cold war," properly speaking, "wars of national liberation" are the most luck in foreign policy. During the Cuban is no longer a terribly significant fact of in­ productive methods of violently upsetting missile crisis it brought the world closer than ternational life. Our conflict with the Soviet the prevailing policy. It is a policy clearly it had ever been, or has been since. to all­ Union by now has few ideological overtones; and unequivocally announced by leaders of out nuclear war. A slight incident, a mis­ during the last Middle East crisis, neither we "Left Communism" throughout the world. understanding of instructions on the part of nor the Soviet Union talked very much It is, moreover, a policy directed as much Soviet or American military men, even a about "Communism" or "capitalism," except against the Soviet Union as against the temporary indisposition of one of the leading in a purely routine and ritualistic way. Our United States-and which the Soviet Union political actors, could have tilted the world conflict with the Soviet Union today is much repudiates as vigorously as does the United over the brink. But it all worked out well, more a traditional struggle between Great States. and even came to be regarded as a splendid Powers, in the 19th-century sense, with each But let us put this issue in its strongest victory for resolute statesmen. protagonist trying to tilt the balance of terms. Let us concede, for the purposes of The luck of the Johnson Administration power in its own direction. Were the Commu­ argument, that the Vietcong and its allies has been close to awful. To begin with, the nist party of the Soviet Union to be replaced are fighting a just war-that they have some Vietcong and the North Vietnamese have tomorrow by a Romanov Czar, this conflict kind of right to govern Vietnam, that the fought more obstinately, and far more effec­ would endure, and probably in much the people want them in power, that the South tively, than anyone anticipated, while our same way. Vietnamese regime is without any claim to own military planning has shown itself The same is not yet true of China-but I legitimacy. I think all of these propositions grossly inept. Neither of these facts was pre­ suspect it soon will be. The Chinese Com­ are false. But what if they were true? How dictable. In addition, this Administration munist regime still sees itself, and fre­ much difference would that make, should had to conduct its foreign policy in the quently behaves, as the ideological center of that make, to American policy? The answer midst of a racial crisis, a monetary crisis and a universal and apocalyptic sociopolitical is: not much. a generational crisis. Not one of these crises doctrine. But with every passing year the It is only at first sight, and at first thought, was of its making, but their convergence regime becomes more chauvinistically Chi­ that such an answer is shocking. After all, created a climate of opinion that made the nese and less Communist, in any familiar most of us would agree that the Communist Vietnam war the center of an immense con­ meaning of that term. In its relations with regimes in Poland and Czechoslovakia and troversy. The only way to end this contro­ other nations in Asia and Africa, China seems East Germany are not more just, or legi­ versy, which threatens to tear the nation impelled to act in an overbearing Chinese timate, or popular than the South Viet­ apart, was either to win a quick victory in way, rather than in a calculating Communist namese regime. Does the United States-or Vietnam or simply to scuttle. Neither alter­ way. And though we know little about the West Germany-thereby have some kind of native was available to the Administration, inner turmoil now taking place within Chi­ right to foment civil rebellion and civil war for various reasons, and so it has had to na's political system, it is reasonable to sup­ in these countries? To send in arms and stumble on, amid growing recrimination and pose that the eventual upshot will be the soldiers to assist the anti-Communist forces? bitterness. emergence of a China which-like the John Foster Dulles, for a while, talked as if As a result of this streak of bad luck, the U.S.S.R.-will be more interested in extend­ we did. But it was frivolous, irresponsible United States found itself trying to exercise ing its national power than in selflessly prop­ chatter, and when the chips were down-in a kind of "imperial" military power in south­ agating any ideology. East Germany and in Hungary-it was ex­ east Asia, while under the influence of all But there's the rub, precisely. For, in the posed as such. kinds of "anticolonialist" inhibitions. It is nuclear age, there have emerged certain The chatter subsequently stopped en­ the presence of these inhibitions-not any ground rules governing the modus operandi tirely, and American policy toward Eastern undue or reactionary affection for the land­ and the modus vivendi of Great Powers. The Europe has been left in no doubt. We will lords or merchants or generals-that has keystone of this system of rules is the as­ do what we can to encourage the evolution prevented us fr ::>m reshaping the South Viet­ sumption that no Great Power will attempt . of these countries away from the Communist namese Army into an effective fight ing force to revise the status quo by the use of force forms which the Soviet Union imposed after (as we were able to do in Korea, under the and violence-either directly or through a World War II. But we emphatically do not mantle of a U.N. mandate), or reforming the surrogate. It can use money, propaganda or want them to engage in armed rebellion various governing institutions of that na­ various means of persuasion and intimida­ against Soviet domination. We do not even tion, or simply stepping in and doing on our tion, covert and overt, to tilt the balance of want them to leave the Warsaw Pact- not own a lot of important little things that ob- May 13, 1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13029 viously needed to be done. Yet such inhabi­ they were not 20th-century social democ­ unendurable-reliance on (at least tactical). tions are woven into the very substance of racies. nuclear weapons. American policy, and cannot be expunged Today, it is quite otherwise. Our educated It may yet turn out to be one of the great without simultaneously doing profound classes are providing the social base for a new ironies of world history that the United harm to the spirit of our democracy and risk­ left which, like the old, regards foreign policy States and the Soviet Union should have suc­ ing the perversion of our own democratic as a sinister distraction from the urgent need ceeded in negotiating a nonproliferation institutions. We may be an "imperial" power of social transformation at home. Our work­ agreement at the very moment when such an in terms of the responsibilities we assume, ing class, still highly patriotic and not at all agreem.ent could only be another scrap of but we can never be an "imperialist" power left in its ideology, nevertheless is resentful paper. in the way we cope with those responsi­ of any overseas commitments that require it bilities. to forgo those annual advances in its ma­ The framework within which our foreign terial comfort it now regards as "natural." WHAT Wll.L BE THE EFFECT OF policy must operate is reasonably flexible, Our middle class is politically belligerent and VIETNAM ON WESTERN EUROPE? but there are limits. And in Vietnam, we ran is impatient with any foreign policy that up against one of these limits and have had burdens it with new taxes. In addition, we Mr. STRATTON. Mr. Speaker I ask to fall back in disarray. It is now clear that, have our "underclass"-largely Negro--that unanimous consent to extend {ny re­ in practicing the policy of "containment," can understandably imagine a set of national marks at this point in the RECORD and we cannot intervene, in a situation where priorities very different from that of the include extraneous matter. such intervention might put us, for any State Department's. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to length of time, in a "colonialist" position. We In short, it seems to be the case. after Viet­ the request of the gentleman from New started out, in Vietnam, with what seemed nam, that American military intervention in York? to be a traditional "intervention"-limited world affairs will henceforth take one of two in scope, intention and time. We found our­ forms. Either it might, if sufficiently pro­ There was no objection. selves involved in a minor (if bloody) war voked, move toward a nuclear confrontation, Mr. STRATTON. Mr. Speaker as the which we could not win, since in order even as during the Cuban missile crisis. Or it war in Vietnam moves from the battle­ to have a chance to win we would, in effect, might, if the Government is absolutely cer­ field to the conference table in Paris to­ have had to transform South Vietnam into tain it can bring overwhelming force to bear, day it is interesting to see a number of an American colony. We should have had to rely upon swift sorties, as in the Dominican thoughtful and informed students of appoint American officers to give South Viet­ crisis. But that large middle ground, upon namese troops the leadership they have been which American foreign policy has rested public affairs already assessing the im­ lacking. American proconsuls to govern Viet­ since World War II, has now been cut away pact on our future foreign policy of de­ nam provinces and institute overdue reforms, from under our feet. velopments in Vietnam and especially of American educators to overhaul the absurdly Just what this will mean, in detail, it the bitter debate that has been taking antiquated educational system that the is too early to say. Our thinking has not yet place in this country over those develop­ French left behind them, etc., etc. We just caught up with our new condition. We will ments. were not--and are not--going to do that: it keep 200,000 American troops in Western .Among the most severe critics of our goes too abrasively ag9 inst the American Europe, despite the fact that no one can grain. And not having done it in Vietnam, now believe they will ever fight the limited V1etnam position of course have been we are not going to do it elsewhere. There war they are there for. Only the other day some of our erstwhile friends and cur­ is not going to be any American colonial Theodore Sorensen remarked casually, during rent allies in Western Europe. In the empire, acquired in some fit of "absent­ a television discussion, that no future Presi­ New York Times for yesterday Mr. c. mindedness." dent could permit another Castro to emerge L. ~ulzberger analyzed what might be But it is more than the anticolonialist her­ in the Caribbean (or, presumably, in Central the Impact on American commitments in itage of the American republic that, as we America). He did not indicate how the Presi­ Europe if we should be persuaded to can see, sets limits to our policy of "contain­ dent would prevent this, now that what abandon our commitments in South ment." There is also the very structure of might be called "the Vietnam option" is Vietnam. American society today. foreclosed. After all, Senatcr Robert A. Ken­ The policy of "containment" has as­ nedy, whom Mr. Sorensen advises, has flatly S? that this thoughtful article might be sumed-must assume-a democratic cit­ announced that there must be "no more available to more readers I include Mr. izenry prepared to fight an interminable Vietnams." There would seem to be a con­ Sulzberger's column for May 10 as a part series of "frontier wars." This assumption tradiction here-not only between two men of my remarks: was gravely shaken during the Korean war, but at the heart of our foreign policy itself. FOREIGN AFFAIRS: THE WATERSHED at the end of which a great many people Some Administration advisers-notably solemnly said, "Never again." But memories Professor Zbigniew Brzezinski of Columbia­ (By C. L. Sulzberger) fade quickly in politics, especially when they are stressing the importance of regional al­ PARrs.-The Paris conference on Viet­ are inconvenient. And it would have been liances among the nations directly involved. n~~ marks an historical watershed quite as highly inconvenient, to put it mildly, for to cope with future regional crises. But the d1stmctly as that ~ate , eleven years ago, when the makers of our foreign policy to believe Administration is not pushing this idea with Russia ~aunched 1ts sputnik starting space that they could not really rely on "limited any vigor, perhaps because it has no great exploratwn and the nuclear missile age. May wars" to prevent the world from moving into faith in it. (In truth, it is hard to see any 10, 1968 may be seen by future chroniclers grave disequilibrium. So they decided to such alliance-or any such coping-in South as ending the brief dream of Pax Americana. think otherwise; and, for a while, they seemed America, for instance.) And no one seriously Through alliance networks U.S. strength to be correct in doing so. Up until only a thinks that the United Nations can, in our and U.S. commitments were pledged in one few years ago, one could listen to Administra­ lifetime, fill the vacuum that the retrench­ or another way to every continent except tion officials speaking enthusiastically of the ment of United States commitments will Antarctica which, as a pleasant oversight was "firm resolve and temperate mood" of the create. formally neutralized. The O.A.S. in' the American people, prepared to "shoulder their As I see it, therefore, the end of the Viet­ Americas, NATO in Europe, CENTO and responsibilities" as a world power. No one nam war will not conclude our "time of SEATO in Asia, ANZUS in Australia prom­ in Washington is singing that kind of song troubles," as so many now assume, but rather is~ American aid to keep the stat'us quo. today. inaugurate a new era of even greater tur­ Afr1ca was not specifically involved, but It is now as clear as can be that a modern bulence in international affairs-and with Washington found itself engaged from Mo­ social democracy-whether it be the United domestic repercussions that are bound to be rocco to the Congo. States, Britain or France cannot do what massive, if for the moment unpredictable. QUINTESSENTIAL POLICY most thoughtful students of foreign policy The major thre·at is not that certain areas These were phenomenally extensive obli­ agree it ought to do, in its own interest and will now fall under some kind of Communist gations, assumed by a nation whose quint­ the world's. It cannot engage, for any long control-though, if this should happen in essential foreign policy had been the ab­ period of time, in those "limited wars" that Latin America, it will be of no little concern sence of foreign policy until the nineteenth are necessary to preserve international law to us. The truly frightening possibility is century's final decade when America built and order. The Great Powers of the 19th cen­ its first big fleet and used it. U.S. involve­ tury could do so because they relied on tight­ that, with an American foreign policy that forsakes sustained and limited military com­ ment in World War I was dressed in a dream ly knit professional armies; because their of globally imposed democracy; but the Sen­ small, homogeneous educated classes (the mitments-that abandons the policeman's role most of the world has come to expect of ate destroyed the slogans and illusions con­ makers, to all intents and purposes, of "pub­ jured up by Wilson. It took a second World. lic opinion") identified themselves with na­ us even while bitterly resenting it (who likes War to shatter the familiar power balance tional grandeur; because economic growth policemen?)-those nations which feel their and suck America into the resulting and social welfare were not then thought to security threatened will have no alternative vacuum. be the overriding obligation of Government; but to rely on their own nuclear arsenals. It From the vague aspirations like the U.N. because the mass of the people was imbued is even conceivable that United States foc­ and the Marshall Plan developea precise un­ with a kind of unthinking chauvinism that eign policy will wander erratically be·tween dertakings favoring American national inter­ made it deferential to any official definition extremes: neoisolationist up to a point, and ests-starting with the Truman Doctrine and of foreign policy. In other words, because them-when the pressure of events becomes ending in Vietnam. Now in Paris, conse- 13030 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 13, 1968 quences of this final phase are under re­ marks at this point in the RECORD and will surely follow the first defeat in war in examination. It is hard to imagine any ulti­ include extraneous matter. American history. mate result other than shrinkage of American There you have both rock and hard place, obligations abroad. The super-superpower The SPEAKER. Is there objection to simply and crudely defined. Both the hard finds it is not powerful enough to protect the the request of the gentleman from New place and the rock result from the tone and world against itself. York? character o.f the reporting from Vietnam, of Pax Americana probably never really ex­ There was no objection. the endless published analyses of Vietnamese isted except in the mind of Secretary Dulles, Mr. STRATTON. Mr. Speaker, yester­ developments, and of the interminable edito­ who fostered the idea in legal form. Truman's day there apl)€ared in the Washington rializing about the war, by all but a minority postwar Administration spelled out U.S. Post an article by Columnist Joseph of those engaged in these pursuits. This does promises to Europe and reiterated hemis­ Alsop which I think deserves to be read not mean for one moment that the vast ma­ pheric obligations. Dulles completed the cir­ jority of reporters, editorial writers and the cumnavigation which, through SEATO, by every Member of this House and by rest are not co·urageous, industrious and inveigled us into Vietnam. the American people as well. honorable men, who have sought to tell the I hasten to underscore that once we be­ Many of us who have been to Vietnam truth according to their lights. But Lt does came fully involved during the Kennedy Ad­ and who have followed the progress of mean that for one reason or another, to ministration I personally shared the belief the war as a part of our responsibility in which I shall try to come later, the part of that U.S. policy, as subsequently practiced, this House have been disturbed by dif­ the truth most of them have told has oon­ was both logical and sane. However, the old ferences between the military situation veyed an exceptionally misleading picture of American hankering for noninvolvement and as we have seen it in visiting the battle­ the whole truth. the disinclination toward Asian commit­ The easiest way to gauge how totally mis­ ments fiourished as we grew weary of a war fields, and the impressiQil1S that are left leading that picture has been is to glance at in which our own role waxed while that of in the minds of Americans here at home the amazing letter that Arthur Schlesinger our allies waned, and we fiew over enemies by many of the press accounts printed Jr. published on March 22 in The Washington who tunneled under us. with regard to Vietnam. Post. The letter was a plea, no doubt honestly Hanoi elaborated the formidable strategy This "gap" becomes especially disturb­ anguished, for the immediate evacuation of already tested earlier against France which, ing when individuals with little knowl­ Khesanh. Schlesinger began by accusing Gen. if it could not win the war inside Vietnam, William C. Westmoreland of "repeating the managed to gain the upper hand inside the edge of military affairs and even less fatal error of the French (by placing) a large U.S.A. The American people proved no longer familiarity with field operations in Viet­ body of troops out in the hills where they willing to finance and fight a limited, pro­ nam, undertake to set themselves up as can be surrounded and cut off." This, ex­ tracted confiict just as the French people, armchair strategists of our war effort claimed Schlesinger, "is precisely what we never wholly engaged, sickened of that con­ there. One example of what I have in have succeeded in doing at Khesanh. Today, filet's first round. mind is the bitter attack launched by 5,000 American soldiers are surrounded and For months there is likely to be as much Prof. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., in the cut off by 20,000 of the enemy, every night fighting in Vietnam as talking in Paris, and creeping and burrowing further in toward no visible conclusion to the war. Both sides Washington Post for March 22 on Ameri­ their target." negotiate from weakness--military weakness can strategy at Khesanh and the sound­ for Hanoi and political weakness for Wash­ ness of the leadership provided by Gen. DISMISSED WESTMORELAND ington. This situation also resembles that of William C. Westmoreland. Putting on a borrowed Field Marsha.! 's halt, France in Algeria, where it had actually oon­ General Westmoreland of course was Schlesinger then explained that no "people quered its mill tary enemies when persuaded right about Khesanh, as we all know in their senses" could possibly "suppose that by popular disinterest to hand Algeria to now, and Professor Schlesinger was airpower will IlJOW 'save' Khes:anh in case of those same defeated enemies. attack." He contemptuously dismissed Gen­ wrong. Mr. Alsop not only demonstrates eral Westmor.elamd as a "tragic and spectacu­ KY FOR THIEU why this was so but goes on to present lar failure." He included the usual sneer aJt The American people seem ready to settle some other information about the prog­ President Johnson. And so he reached his eventually on terms dressed up to look re­ ress of the war in Vietnam that I think g,r.and climax, as follows: spectable, and the people of South Vietnam may have been largely overlooked by the "Yes, airpower is one vital difference be­ are simply tired of war. Saigon is governed American people in their rather panicky tween Khesanh and Dienbienphu. For, if air­ on the theorem of Ky for Thieu and Thieu power cannot save Khesanh, it may still save for Ky and has little left but blackmail po­ reaction to the Communist Tet offensive. So as America moves into the new the men in Khesanh. Let us (use airpower to tential to offset this sudden reversal in its evacuate Khesanh), b~fore enemy anti-air­ ally's resolution. peace negotiations in Paris this week, craft batteries interdict our :flights, before It is hard to imagine any American Presi­ I believe our people are entitled to know enemy mortars destroy our landing strip, be­ dent trying to relaunch the Vietnam war the facts which Mr. Alsop makes avail- fore enemy shock troops overrun the base. once it begins visibly to run down U.S. . able, so they may indeed be proud of the Let us not sacrifice our brave men to the folly determination to bolster the Asian wall of job which our military forces have done of generals and the obstinacy of Presidents." dominoes must therefore shrink. In short, Schlesinger was firmly convinced, Most Europeans are content with these im­ in Vietnam and of the progress which our Vietnamese allies have made in their 818 late 818 Mwrch 22, that Khesanh and its de­ plications. They feel that once the U.S.A. is fenders were sure to be overrun. If his con­ less committed to Asian defense it wlll again own capacity to carry on the fight for viction had not been absolute, he would be more committed here. Nevertheless, troops freedom. We need not apologize for our hardly have risked writing such a letter, withdrawn from Vietnam will not return to Armed Forces, nor does this record which which he ca.n hardly look back upon today Europe. Mr. Alsop sets forth suggest that we enter without novel self-doubts. But----and here is REACTION IN EUROPE these negotiations from any position of the rub-much of the American press and Furthermore, while happy to see a war military weakness. I believe we ought most of the allied media need only read the approach its end, some Europeans won­ fully to understand this truth if our Schlesinger letter to see themselves, as in a der about the ultimate implications. In peace negotiations are to be truly mirror. He was perhaps over.eag& to believe Germany one hears: "What is an American the worst, and he seems to have taken very security guarantee in NATO worth if it is successful. poor m111tary advice. But he was above a.ll controlled by American polltical moods or Under leave to extend my remarks I misled by his informants; and his chief in­ economic needs?" include the very enlightening and im­ formants, one may be sure, were the front It is possible we may some day look back pressive article by Joseph Alsop to which pages and the television shows. "The ·agony on events begun this weekend and see either I have referred: of Khesanh" was one of the current phrases, the start of a retreat to isol81tionism or a and others might be cited. serious effort to join with Moscow in ar­ PRESS CAN'T WIN IN VIETNAM WAR ranging a new order along parallel-if not (By Joseph Alsop) TEDIOUS BATTLE cooperative-lines. Either would be a strik­ Because of the Vietnamese war, the Amer­ What, then, was it reaaly like, and wh.alt ac­ ing ohange. ican press and its allied media now appear tually happened? To begin with, Khesanh to be between a very rough rock and a very was no more agonizing, though it was a hard place. F~ a newspaperman who remem­ damned sight more tedious and l

QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS, 1968

Percent Yes No Undecided

1. Is President Johnson doing a good job?______23. 78 57.96 18. 26 2. Wh ich course of action should we follow in Vietnam? (check only 1): Percent (a) Withdraw ______------______------_____ 29. 08 (b) Continue limited warfare in South Vietnam without bombing North Vietnam while seeking peace through negotiations?______8. 72 (c) Continue bombing North Vietnam and take all other steps necessary to achieve a military victory while continuing to seek peace through negotiations? ______57. 00 Undecided ______------______5. 2 3. Shou ld an income tax surcharge be enacted, coupled with a reduction in Federal spending, to finance the war? ------37. 44 49. 74 12.82 4. Do you favor elimination of occupational and graduate student draft deferments? ------46. 32 45. 22 8. 46 5. Do you favor an incentive program which would give new life to the 2d district gold mining industry?______72. 54 13. 62 13.84 6. Do you support legislation, including the Safe Streets Act, to strengthen local and State law enforcement a9encies? ------81.78 8. 70 9. 52 0 1 0 0 78.60 12.74 8. 66 ~ : ~~ ~~~ ~uep~~~r~~~a~~~~e~f t~~o'~~:ra~f do~~~;~;~~~.; ~~~~~~~f~~\,~~~W~~~f J~ u ~atl~~~r_o~ ·- ~r~ ~~~t~ ~~ ·- ~~- _~~~~~~: ~ ~ :::::::::::::::: ======:: 52.64 33. 94 13.42 9. Should the Federal Government require lending agencies to state clearly complete interest charges? ______91.92 3. 90 4. 18 10. Should illegal possession, distribution and manufacture of LSD and similar drugs be made a Federal offense?______86. 80 7. 68 5. 52 13034 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 13, 1968 TRIBUTE TO GOV. LURLEEN bring welcome and needed relief or an and a foster child, living with the em­ WALLACE increase in hardship and misery. But re­ ployee in a regular parent-child relation­ gardless of the direction of the effects, ship, but not the descendants of a de­ Mr. BEVILL. Mr. Speaker, I ask the law becomes for this person a vital ceased stepchild or a foster child, eligi­ unanimous consent to address the House and dynamic force which seems to bear ble to share in the distribution of pro­ for 1 minute and to revise and extend my little resemblance to the inert and pas­ ceeds from Federal employees' group life remarks. sive set of printed words contained in insurance to the same extent as a legit­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the voluminous pages of one of our imate child of the deceased employee. the request of the gentleman from statute books. Consequently, we have an Section 2 would entitle a foster child Alabama? obligation to see that the dynamic force who lived with the employee or member There was no objection. which is the law can operate free from in a regular parent-child relationship to Mr. BEVILL. Mr. Speaker, I have just the inequities and inadequacies that can survivor annuity under the civil service returned from Alabama where I attended cause undue hardships to those persons retirement law upon the death of the the funeral services of our late Governor, directly affected. employee or member parent. the Honorable Lurleen B. Wallace. I rise It has come to my attention that just Section 3 of the draft would exempt now, Mr. Speaker, to join the thousands such a deficiency exists in one of our the survivor annuity made payable to a who have paid tribute to this gracious, Federal statutes, and today I am intro­ foster child by section 2 from the statu­ gallant lady. ducing a bill designed to remedy the sit­ tory requirement that money in the re­ The hearts of all Alabamians ·are uation. The problem exists with the Civil tirement fund may not be used to pay filled with sorrow over the untimely Service Commission's regulations per­ new retirement benefits until an appro­ death of Governor Wallace. She was an taining to group life insurance. Under priation is made to cover the cost. outstanding individual, unique in her 5 U.S.C. 8705 (a), if an insured Federal Section 4 stipulates that the benefits courageous devotion to her family, her employee dies without designating a provided by the draft will apply only in State, and her country. She served her beneficiary or leaving a surviving spouse, the case of an employee or a member people in the very highest tradition of the insurance proceeds would go "to the who is separated on or after date of leadership. child or children of the employee." Un­ enactment. Governor Wallace undertook her du­ fortunately, neither chapter 87 nor the This Congress has faced, and is now ties as Governor of the State of Alabama Civil Service Commission's regulations facing a number of enormously complex with the unswerving determination to do define the term "child." This omission pieces of legislation involving the ex­ a good job. And she held steadfast to seems particularly anomalous in view of penditures of millions and affecting the this goal throughout her term as Gover­ the fact that the section of the code lives of thousands. The bill I am intro­ nor. which covers survivorship annuities un­ ducing today is not of this magnitude, Lurleen Wallace believed in, and der the Retirement Act defines the term but to those directly affected by the loop­ fought for, the kind of things that have "child" as including an adopted child, holes in the present law, the proposed made this country great: Belief in the and a stepchild or recognized natural changes will be meaningful indeed. people and their ability to determine child who lived with the employee in a their own destiny. regular parent-child relationship; and Thousands of words, favorable and un­ for purposes of health insurance a child THE KANSAS CITY RIOT favorable, have been written about her is defined as an adopted child; and a service as Governor. But there can be no stepchild, foster child, or recognized Mr. RANDALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask disagreement in judging her character. natural child who lives with the em­ unanimous consent to extend my re­ For our Governor possessed courage sel­ ployee or annuitant in a regular parent­ marks in the body of the RECORD. dom surpassed. She possessed a quality child relationship. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to of character that strengthened her in the The inconsistencies and discrepancies the request of the gentleman from face of overwhelming adversity. And she revealed by these definitions, and the Missouri? possessed the great dignity of simplicity. inequities they cause, demand our cor­ There was no objection. As judged by our length of time, Gov. rective attention. Many Federal em­ Mr. RANDALL. Mr. Speaker, although Lurleen Wallace's life on earth was but a ployees who provide parental support for it has been 3 weeks since its printing, twinkle in the vastness of the universe. children living with them "in a regular I have just oome across an editorial ap­ But measured by devotion to those things parent-child relationship" can leave vir­ pearing in the Jackson County Sentinel, she believed in, her life will never cease, tually no assets other than the group published at Blue Springs, Mo., in our but live on as a gift of courage for all life insurance benefits, the survivor an­ congressional district, under date of mankind. nuities, and the health insurance bene­ Thursday, April 25, 1968. fits which the surviving children can The editorial, entitled "Riots, Thieves, Cops, and Other Nasty Words," was FEDERAL GROUP LIFE INSURANCE continue to receive. Congress has already acknowledged the wisdom and the jus­ written by Mrs. Lois Lauer Wolfe, pub­ Mr. HANLEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask tice of these benefits by authorizing such lisher of the Sentinel. Mrs. Wolfe is at unanimous consent to extend my re­ insurance programs. Does it not then present a regional director of the Na­ marks at this point in the RECORD and seem rather arbitrary and unfair to per­ tional Federation of Press Women, a include extraneous matter. mit a foster child to receive benefits past president of the Missouri Press The SPEAKER. Is there objection to under the terms of the health insurance Women, and a past president of the the request of the gentleman from New plan, but deny the same foster child the Kansa.s City chapter of Theta Sigma Phi, York? right to obtain survivor annuity under a women's journalism fraternity. There was no objection. the civil service retirement law upon the There may be a few controversial Mr. HANLEY. Mr. Speaker, in the vast death of the employee or member par­ terms in the editorial, including the best and intricate compilation of Federal ent? And is it not even more incongru­ way to describe the racial strife which statutes and regulations known as the ous to make the foster ch11d or the step­ happened in Kansas City, Mo., during United States Code, there are bound to child ineligible to receive the same bene­ the second week of April 1968. But be some inequities and anomalies. And, fits from the Federal employee's group whether we call this public disturbance unfortunately, amidst the morass of sub­ life insurance that the legitimate child a "riot" or "civil disoTder," the facts are titles, technical phraseology, and minute of the deceased employee would receive? that there was much violence in Kansas distinctions contained in this code, it is Clearly, these restrictions do not with­ City, and any good dictionary will list as not hard to lose sight of the very real stand the test of reason. one of the best synonyms of the word fact that somewhere, at some time, even The remedial legislation which I am "riot,'' the words "violent disorder." the smallest and seemingly most in­ introducing today consists of four sec­ After a careful review of the editorial, significant line of one of our statutes will tions designed to correct the inadequa­ I am convinced more than ever that have extremely important, personal, and cies of the present law: Kansas City Police Chief Kelley did a re­ immediate consequences for some in­ Section 1 of the draft would add a new markable job. I am also positive Gov. dividual. To that individual, the law is sentence to section 8705