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New Sighting Records of Asian Emerald Dove

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New Sighting Records of Asian Emerald Dove Biological Forum – An International Journal 12(1): 11-17(2020) ISSN No. (Print): 0975-1130 ISSN No. (Online): 2249-3239 New Sighting Records of Asian Emerald Dove Chalcophaps Indica Indica (Linnaeus, 1758) from North-Eastern Doon Valley (Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand) and its Account with Distribution Akhlaq Husain (Former Scientist- E, Zoological Survey of India) 41, Hari Vihar, Vijay Park, Chakrata Road, Dehra Dun – 248001 (Uttarakhand), India. (Corresponding author: Akhlaq Husain) (Received 28 December 2019, Accepted 20 February, 2020) (Published by Research Trend, Website: www.researchtrend.net) ABSTRACT: The present communication deals with new sighting records of Chalcophaps indica indica (Linnaeus, 1758), the Asian Emerald Dove, from north-eastern Doon Valley, Dehra Dun (Uttarakhand) with its general account (synonymy, common and vernacular names, diagnostic features), altitudinal range, distribution, natural history, conservation status and threats. Keywords: New sighting records of Asian Emerald Dove from Doon Valley. I. INTRODUCTION covering an area of 3,088 km2, in the state of Uttarakhand, forming part of the Garhwal Himalayas, Avian fauna of Dehra Dun and around has attracted the shares its borders with Uttarkashi and Tehri in north attention of various workers, ornithologists and bird- and north-west, Ganga river and Pauri in south-east, watchers (Tytler, 1868; Brooks, 1875a,b; Anonymous, Tons and Yamuna rivers and Himachal Pradesh 1876; Rattray, 1897; Blanford, 1898; Osmaston, 1935; (Shimla and Sirmaur districts) and Haryana (Yamuna Osmaston & Sale,1989; Wright, 1949; 1957; George, Nagar) in west and Uttar Pradesh (Saharanpur) and 1957a,b, 1962; Mukherjee, 1960; Mistry, 1966; Haridwar districts in south-west. As regards the natural Fleming, 1967, 1977; Guha, 1967; Mathur, 1967; boundaries of its valley, the Doon Valley (30o00’- Parikh, 1967; Raturi, 1968; Vyas, 1969, 1970; Misra, 30o35’N and 77o40’-78o15’E), the Himalayan ranges 1970; Bhatnagar & Misra, 1971, 1972a,b, c, 1975; (Chakrata, Dhanaulti and Mussoorie) lie to its north, the Mohan, 1972, 1992, 1993, 1997, 2007; Srivastava, Siwalik range to its south, rivers Ganga to its east and 1977; Singh, 1979a,b; Saiduzzafar, 1982; Verma, 1983; Yamuna to its west, having altitudes varying from 410 Rai, 1991; Daniel, 1994; Singh, 1999, 2000, 2002, m at Clement Town in south-west and 1099 m at 2006; Narang, 1995; Pandey et al., 1994; Gandhi & Shahanshahi Ashram in north-east, 396 m at Asan Singh, 1995a,b; Tak, 1995; Bhatt & Sharma, 2000; Barrage in south-west and 372 m at Rishikesh in south- Singh et al., 2001; Ali, 2002 (revised by Daniel, 2012); east, with an av. elevation of 450 m. Pathak, 2005; Grewal et al., 2008; Vijay & Bhutia, The main perennial streams are Song and Suswa in 2008, Datta & Devasar, 2012; Rahmani, 2012; Sankar, south-eastern Doon valley and Tons and Asan in north- 2012; Tak & Sati, 2012; Santharam, 2013; Joshi & western part. Rautela, 2014; Joshi & Bhatt, 2015; Sharma, 2014; Climate: The climate is humid subtropical, during Mohan et al., 2016; Rizvi et al., 2017; Uttarakhand summer (May-June), temperatures generally range Birding Org., 2018) during the past but the distribution between 35°C and 21°C (in recent times gone to 44o- of Asian Emerald Dove has not been brought into 14o) while in winter (December-January)temperatures record from many potential areas and hence the present vary between 20°C and 7° C (in recent times 27o-0o) new sightings records will be significant in filling the though may vary a few degrees high and low. It distributional gap in Dehra Dun, especially the north- receives good amount of precipitation during July- eastern Doon Valley part. August, with a maximum of 618-614 mm. During the present study Chamasari, Danda Lakhond, Flora: Sahastradhara, Shahanshahi Ashram, Maldevta and Doon Valley: It is surrounded with lush green forests Nagal-Hatnala village sites, falling in north-eastern part belonging to Siwalik and Himalayan ranges and hence of Doon Valley, were explored and found to be the best is also rich in wild animals, especially the birds. favourite niches for this dove. Adina cordifolia, the Haldu; Aegle marmelos, the Bael; II. DEHRA DUN: STUDY SITE Anogeissus latifolia, the Dhau; Bauhinia variegata, the Kachnar; Bombax ceiba, the Kapok; Butea monoserma, Physiography: Dehra Dun district is located between o o o o the Free-fire; Casearia tomentosa, the Chilla; Cassia Lat. 29 58′-31 2′ N and Long. 77 34′ -78 18′ E, fistula, the Amaltas; Clerodendrum viscosum, the Glory Husain Biological Forum – An International Journal 12(1): 11-17(2020) 11 bower; Cordia dichotoma, the Lasoda; Dalbergia Rautela, 2014. Asian Journal of Conservation Biology, sissoo, the Sheesham; Desmodium oojeinensis, the 3 (1): 54; Grewal et al., 2017. A Pictorial Field Guide Sandan; Ehretia laevis, the Chamor; Ficus to Birds of India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka benghalensis, the Banyan; Flacourtia indica, the and Bangladesh: 22; Joshi & Rautela, 2014. Asian Ramontchi; Litsea glutinosa, the Soft Bollygum; Litchi Journal of Conservation Biology, 3 (1): 54; Mohan et chinensis, the Lichee; Mallotus philippensis, the Red al., 2016. A Checklist of the Birds of Asan Conservation Kamala; Mangifera indica, the Mango; Miliusa Reserve: 8; Mohan & Sondhi, 2014, 2015. An updated velutina, Chopar Chilla; Phyllanthus emblica, the checklist and bibliography of the birds of Uttarakhand: Amla; Shorea robusta, the Saal (covering over 90%); 13; Mohan & Sondhi, 2017. An updated checklist and Syzygium cumini, the Jamun; Tectona grandis, the bibliography of the birds of Uttarakhand: 14. Teak; Terminalia alata, the Asan or Sasj; T. bellirica, Chalcophaps indica salimalii Mukherjee, 1960. Bull. the Bahera; Toona ciliata, the Red Cedar and various Brit. Orn. Cl., 80 (1): 6 (type-locality: Jenmalai= grasses fall under subtropical deciduous forests besides Tenmalai, central Travancore, Kerala). Ipomoea carnea, the Behaya; Lantana camara, the Chalcophaps indica indica, Ripley, 1961. A Synopsis of Wild sage; Senna tora, the Sickle Senna; S. the Birds of India and Pakistan: 167; Misra, 1970. occidentalis, the Coffee Senna; Sida acuta, the Kareta; Working Plan for the West and East Dehra Dun Forest Solanum torvum, the Wild Eggplant; Urena lobata, the Divisions: 54; Bhatnagar & Misra, 1972a. Cheetal, 14 Congo Jute, the invasive plants and agricultural crops, (4): 42; Singh, 1979a. East Dehra Dun Forest Division; agro-forestry and riverine scrub occur in the Doon Singh, 1979b. West Dehra Dun Forest Division; Ali & Valley. Ripley, 1981. Handbook of Birds of India and Pakistan. Mussoorie and Chakrata Hills: High altitude 3: 157-159, pl. 3, fig. 7; Tak, 1995. Aves. In: Fauna of vegetation as under: Western Himalaya, Part 1, Uttar Pradesh. Himalayan Abies pindrow, the Pindrow Fir; Acer caesium, the Ecosystem Series: 178. Maple tree; Aesculus indica, the Himalayan Horse Emerald Dove, Sharma, 2014. Birding Trip Report. Chestnut tree; Cupressus torulosa, the Himalayan Common Names: Asian Emerald Dove, Bronze Cypress; Pinus roxurghii, the Chir Pine; Quercus Pigeon, Bronze-winged Dove, Bronze-wing Pigeon, dilatata, the Green Oak, Mohru; Q. incana, the Blue- Common Bronze-wing Pigeon, Common Emerald jack oak; Q. leucotrichophora, the Banj Oak; Dove, Emerald Ground Dove, Emerald Dove, Emerald Rhododendron arboreum, the Burans, Gurans, Pigeon, Green-backed Dove, Green and Bronze Pigeon, Laligurans; Cedrus deodara, the Deodar. Green Dove, Green-backed Dove, Green Pigeon, Green-winged Pigeon, Green-winged Dove, Grey- III. CHALCOPHAPS INDICA INDICA capped Emerald Dove, Indian Bronze Pigeon, Indian (LINNAEUS, 1758) Bronze-winged Dove, Indian Emerald Dove, Lilac- Columba indica Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, Vol. mantled Pigeon, Little Green Pigeon and Little Green- 1: 164 (based on Edwards, 1743-1751) (type-locality: winged Pigeon. East Indies (as India orientali) vide Salvadori, 1893; Vernacular Names: Daotualai, Mati-kupohu, Sil-kopu assigned to Ambonia by Ripley, 1961, based on (Assamese), Raj-ghughu, Ram-ghughu (Bengali), Hari- Stresemann, 1952, who quoted quoted Ambonia as the fakhta (Hindi), Ka-er (Lepcha), Manika-pravu, Omana- type-locality of Columba javanensis Muller, 1776 (syn. pravu (Malayalam), Pachu-kavda (Marathi), Pathaki- of Chalcophaps indica indica, Linnaeus, 1758) not for prua (Tamil) and Andi-bella-guwa (Telugu). Columba indica Linnaeus, 1758 as per Schodde & Classification: Class: Aves Linnaeus, 1758; Order: Mason, 1997). Columbiformes Latham, 1790; Suborder: Columbae Columba javanensis Muller, 1776 (type-locality: Latham, 1790; Family: Columbidae Illiger, 1811; Ambonia by Stresemann, 1952, vide Schodde & Subfamily: Columbinae Illiger, 1811; Genus: Mason, 1997). Chalcophaps Gould, 1843. Chalcophaps indica, Blyth, 1846 (1845). J. Asiat. Soc. Present Sightings: Sahastradhara (main- Sulphur Bengal, 14 (Part II, No. 168, New Series 84): 859.; springs site) and Sahastradhara-Maldevta area (by the Salvadori, 1893. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 21: 514; author); Chamasari (near Sahatradhara), Danda Blanford, 1898. Faun. Brit. India, Birds. 4: 26-27, fig. Lakhond (near IT Park, Sahastradhara road), Maldevta, 6; McGregor, R. C., 1909. A Manual of Philippine Sahastradhara (Sulphur springs area) and Shahanshahi Birds, Part-1 Galliformes to Eurylaemiformes: 58-60; Ashram (ca 3 km from Rajpur, Old Mussoorie road) Baker, 1928. Faun. Brit. India, 5: 215 (No. 1852); (by Abhai Mishra); Uttaranchal College of Science & Wright, 1949. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 48 (3): 572 A Technology
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