Government Meeting with Political Parties Proves Inconclusive

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Government Meeting with Political Parties Proves Inconclusive Egypt Daily Update: Government Meeting with Political Parties Proves Inconclusive; April 6 Movement Holds Anniversary Press Conference Like on Facebook Top Stories Follow on Twitter Wednesday, April 8, 2015 Sign up for the Egypt • Government Meeting with Political Parties Proves Inconclusive Daily Update. • April 6 Movement Holds Anniversary Press Conference • Brotherhood Blamed for Journalist’s Death • Prosecution Charges Police Officers with Killing Detainee Government Meeting with Political Parties Proves Inconclusive The leaders of 15 political parties met with Prime Minister Ibrahim Mehleb on Tuesday, continuing a series of discussions regarding potential amendments to electoral laws. The main focus of Tuesday’s meeting, according to Al- Ahram, was a disagreement over the number of electoral party lists to be allowed in the future parliamentary elections. Eleven political parties supported the idea of dividing four current party lists into eight, with 15 candidates per list. Others advocated against amending the electoral program “for fear of delaying the entire electoral process.” During the meeting, Mehleb said that the Egyptian government “does not have any particular affiliations” and that its main New POMED goal is “to continue following the steps of the political road-map,” to “form a parliament that truly represents the Publication: Egyptian people,” and to “protect the integrity of the elections.” He added, “all that is left is a parliament to combine will with vision, and to begin building a modern state,” Mada Masr reported. Several political parties chose not to participate in Tuesday’s meeting. Mohamed Samy, leader of the Karama Party, announced Tuesday morning that he would not be in attendance because Karama only received the invitation a few hours prior to the scheduled time, indicating “the government’s underestimation of the importance of my party.” Samy added that “our presence would not have been effective either, so long as the government doesn’t care about studying parties’ suggestions regarding the electoral laws,” al-Shorouk reported. Both the Socialist Popular Alliance Party and the Dostour Party also received delayed invitations but chose to attend the meeting “to avoid accusations that the party is boycotting the political process.” The Democratic Current Party expressed discontent after the meeting with “the government’s discrimination in the treatment of parties based on whether they support or oppose state policies.” A Under Threat: Egypt’s consensus on potential amendments was not reached during Tuesday’s meeting, and another session was scheduled for Systematic Campaign Thursday. against NGOs back to top Also of Interest: “Second Meeting between Mehleb, Political Parties on Electoral Amendments Inconclusive” Mada Masr (English) 4/7/15 “Tomorrow…Last Chance for Dialogue between Parties and Government” al-Shorouk (Arabic) 4/8/15 “Mehleb: The Government is Completely Serious in its Priority to Amend Unconstitutional Articles” al-Ahram (Arabic) 4/8/15 In Egypt, Ex-Military Men Fire Up Islamist April 6 Movement Holds Anniversary Press Conference in Desert Insurgency The April 6 youth movement held a conference on Monday in the Egyptian desert after they were refused by “all” potential venues, one of the movement’s leaders told Aswat Masriya. In the desert outside of the Giza governorate’s 6 October neighborhood, April 6 democratic front leader Sherif al-Roubi declared that “no one can stop” the voice of youth activists. Al-Roubi called for the annulment of Egypt’s high controversial anti-protest law and the release of 22 members of the April 6 movement from prison, where they are currently detained on “fabricated charges.” The conference marked the seventh anniversary of the April 6 movement’s founding, which coincided with workers’ strikes in Mahalla city in the Nile Delta. back to top “6 April Movement Hold Anniversary Conference in the Desert” Daily News Egypt (English) 4/8/15 “April 6: After the Cancelation of the Establishment Anniversary Conference, We Will Hold Another in Half an Hour” al- Shorouk (Arabic) 4/6/15 Muslim Brotherhood Blamed for Journalist’s Death An investigation into the death of Mayada Ashraf, a journalist for the privately-owned Al-Dostour newspaper, by Egypt’s Prosecutor General concluded the Muslim Brotherhood was responsible for Ashraf’s death during clashes between police forces and supporters of the Brotherhood last year. The 23-year-old journalist was among five killed during demonstrations on March 28, 2014. Forensics official Hesham Abdel Hamid told Mada Masr that Ashraf was killed by a gunshot wound to the head. State-owned news agency MENA released details of the prosecutor’s investigation, which implicates 48 defendants in Ashraf’s death, most of whom have since “confessed” to being members of “armed groups” loyal to the Muslim Brotherhood tasked with attacking police forces during demonstrations. The prosecutor has referred the 48 defendants to the Cairo Criminal Court, on additional charges of joining a “terrorist” organization, attempting murder, possession of illegal weapons, and vandalism. Meanwhile, Egypt’s Prosecutor General Hisham Barakat referred 379 defendants to criminal court on charges of associating with the Muslim Brotherhood and participating in the “armed” occupation of Nahda Square in Giza in June 2013. The encampment was erected to demonstrate support for ousted president Mohamed Morsi. Barakat’s office released a statement accusing the defendants of organizing armed demonstrations and attacks on different neighborhoods in Giza. “Civilian and police” were victims of the Nahda encampment attacks, Barakat’s statement explained. According to the statement, 187 of the 379 defendants have already confessed to fostering alliances with the Muslim Brotherhood, and another 488 defendants have been dismissed from the case for lack of evidence against them. back to top “Egypt’s Top Prosecutor Refers 379 to Criminal Court for Partaking in Nahda Encampment” Aswat Masriya (English) 4/8/15 “Prosecutor Blames Muslim Brotherhood for Dostour Journalist’s Death” Mada Masr (English) 4/8/15 “379 Ikhwan Referred for Criminal Events at ‘Nahda Camp’” Youm7 (Arabic) 4/8/15 Prosecutor Charges Police Officers with Killing Detainee Egypt’s Prosecutor General Hesham Barakat referred two state security officers to criminal court on charges of torturing a civil rights lawyer to death while in custody. A statement from Barakat’s office said that, after collecting sufficient evidence against them, the two officers were charged with “torturing to death” Kareem Hamdy. The prosecution’s report on the incident accused the officers of torturing Hamdy during an interrogation to force him to confess to crimes of illegal arms possession and association with a terrorist organization. Barakat’s office originally ordered the detention of the police officers in late February, but they were released on bail of 10,000 EGP last week. back to top “Police Officers Accused of Torturing Lawyer to Death Referred to Court” Aswat Masriya (English) 4/8/15 .
Recommended publications
  • Egyptian Islamic and Secular Feminists in Their Own Context Assim Alkhawaja University of San Francisco, [email protected]
    The University of San Francisco USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center Doctoral Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects 2015 Complexity of Women's Liberation in the Era of Westernization: Egyptian Islamic and Secular Feminists in Their Own Context Assim Alkhawaja University of San Francisco, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.usfca.edu/diss Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, and the Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons Recommended Citation Alkhawaja, Assim, "Complexity of Women's Liberation in the Era of Westernization: Egyptian Islamic and Secular Feminists in Their Own Context" (2015). Doctoral Dissertations. 287. https://repository.usfca.edu/diss/287 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects at USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of San Francisco COMPLEXITY OF WOMEN‘S LIBERATION IN THE ERA OF WESTERNIZATION: EGYPTIAN ISLAMIC AND SECULAR FEMINISTS IN THEIR OWN CONTEXT A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the School of Education International & Multicultural Education Department In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education By Assim Alkhawaja San Francisco May 2015 THE UNIVERSITY OF SAN FRANCISCO Dissertation Abstract Complexity Of Women‘s Liberation in the Era of Westernization: Egyptian Islamic And Secular Feminists In Their Own Context Informed by postcolonial/Islamic feminist theory, this qualitative study explores how Egyptian feminists navigate the political and social influence of the West.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 01 March 29 A.Indd
    ISO 9001:2008 CERTIFIED NEWSPAPER 29 March 2014 28 Jumadal I 1435 - Volume 19 Number 5618 Price: QR2 ON SATURDAY Budget for new fiscal expected tomorrow DOHA: The government is expected to announce its annual budget for the year 2014- 15 tomorrow. The budget for the new fiscal is expected to be one of the largest in the his- tory of Qatar, Al Sharq reported yesterday. The Cabinet approved the draft budget on March 19 before referring it to the Advisory Council for further discussion. At the Cabinet meeting, Minister for Finance H E Ali Sherif Al Emadi explained the aims and objectives of the proposed allocations to various sectors in the new budget. Considering the government’s projected investment in the construction sector, the pri- vate sector is keenly waiting for the budget announcement. Major allocations are expected in the infrastructure, health and education sec- tors this time. Government spending in the current fiscal (2013-14) was an estimated 18 percent higher than in the previous one (2012-13). An estimated 40 percent was allocated to public projects, and salaries and wages increased by 23.7 percent in the current fiscal. Spending on the education sector increased by 15 percent in the current fiscal compared to 2012-13. According to the government’s strategic plans, the new budget is expected to earmark an estimated 13.4 percent of the total allocation, meaning 3.8 percent of the country’s GDP, for BITTER the education sector. Flood-hit vehicle owners ‘can’ seek compensation DOHA: Insurance experts advise that the owners of Wednesday’s flood-hit vehicles can approach the Public Works Authority (Ashghal) or the Ministry of Municipality and Urban Planning for compensation.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 of 5 Egypt | Freedom House 5/1/2015
    Egypt | Freedom House Page 1 of 5 Egypt freedomhouse.org Conditions for the media in Egypt grew worse during 2014 as Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, the army chief who overthrew President Mohamed Morsi in a July 2013 coup, consolidated his power. A new constitution adopted in January contained a number of press freedom guarantees, but these were undermined by important exceptions as well as existing legal restrictions that remained in effect. In practice, the authorities sought to purge the media of any critical voices, especially those deemed sympathetic to Morsi’s banned Muslim Brotherhood, in part by prosecuting journalists in the politicized courts. Journalists also faced violence when covering protests, and most media outlets increasingly displayed a strong progovernment bias, with self-censorship contributing to the broader loss of pluralism and diversity of opinion. Legal Environment In January 2014, Egyptians voted on a constitution drafted under the supervision of an interim government established after the 2013 coup. The new document, which passed the referendum with 98 percent of the vote amid 39 percent turnout, replaced a charter that had been ratified under Morsi in December 2012 and suspended by the coup. During the campaign period for the referendum, the authorities effectively banned all expression of opposition to the new constitution. The 2014 constitution contains several encouraging provisions regarding freedom of expression, access to information, and the media. Article 65 guarantees freedom of thought, opinion, and the expression thereof. Article 68 declares that all official state documents and information are the property of the people, who have the right to access such materials in a timely and transparent manner.
    [Show full text]
  • Journalists Killed in Egypt Since 2011
    Journalists killed in Egypt since 2011 The following is a list compiled on February 20, 2015, of journalists killed in Egypt in relation to their work, according to research by the Committee to Protect Journalists. For an up-to-date list, visit www.cpj.org/killed/mideast/egypt/. 1. Mayada Ashraf, Al-Dustour, March 28, 2014, in Cairo, Egypt 2. Tamer Abdel Raouf, Al-Ahram, August 19, 2013, in Damanhur, Egypt 3. Mosaab al-Shami, Rassd News Network, August 14, 2013, in Cairo, Egypt 4. Ahmed Abdel Gawad, Al-Akhbar, Misr25, August 14, 2013, in Cairo, Egypt 5. Mick Deane, Sky News, August 14, 2013, in Cairo, Egypt 6. Ahmed Assem el-Senousy, Freedom and Justice, July 8, 2013, in Cairo, Egypt 7. Salah al-Din Hassan, Shaab Masr, June 29, 2013, in Port Said, Egypt 8. Al-Hosseiny Abou Deif, El-Fagr, December 12, 2012, in Cairo, Egypt 9. Wael Mikhael, Al-Tareeq, October 9, 2011, in Cairo, Egypt 10. Ahmad Mohamed Mahmoud, Al-Ta'awun, February 4, 2011, in Cairo, Egypt 1. Mayada Ashraf Al-Dustour March 28, 2014, in Cairo, Egypt Mayada Ashraf, 23, a reporter with the daily Al-Dustour, was shot dead while covering clashes between security forces and the Muslim Brotherhood protesters in Eastern Cairo's Ain Shams area. The clashes stemmed from nationwide demonstrations by members and supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood CPJ is an independent, nonprofit organization that works to safeguard press freedom worldwide who were protesting Army Chief Abdul-Fattah al-Sisi's announcement on March 26 that he would resign from the army and run for president.
    [Show full text]
  • Egypt 2015 Human Rights Report
    EGYPT 2015 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY According to its constitution, Egypt is a republic governed by an elected president and a unicameral legislature. Domestic and international observers concluded the presidential election that took place in May 2014 was administered professionally and in line with the country’s laws, while also expressing serious concerns that government limitations on association, assembly, and expression constrained broad political participation. The constitution granted the president, Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, legislative authority until the election of the new parliament. Parliamentary elections occurred in several rounds from October through December, and the new parliament was scheduled to hold its first session on January 10, 2016. Domestic and international observers concluded that government authorities administered the parliamentary elections professionally and in accordance with the country’s laws. Observers expressed concern about restrictions on freedom of peaceful assembly, association, and expression and their negative effect on the political climate surrounding the elections. Civilian authorities maintained effective control over the security forces. The most significant human rights problems were excessive use of force by security forces, deficiencies in due process, and the suppression of civil liberties. Excessive use of force included unlawful killings and torture. Due process problems included the excessive use of preventative custody and pretrial detention, the use of military courts to
    [Show full text]
  • Egypt: News Websites and DEFENDING FREEDOM of EXPRESSION and INFORMATION Alternative Voices
    Fulleer Egypt: News websites and DEFENDING FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND INFORMATION alternative voices ARTICLE 19 Free Word Centre 60 Farringdon Road London EC1R 3GA T: +44 20 7324 2500 F: +44 20 7490 0566 E: [email protected] W: www.article19.org 2014 Tw: @article19org Fb: facebook.com/article19org © ARTICLE 19 ARTICLE 19 Free Word Centre 60 Farringdon Road London EC1R 3GA United Kingdom T: +44 20 7324 2500 F: +44 20 7490 0566 E: [email protected] W: www.article19.org Tw: @article19org Fb: facebook.com/article19org ISBN: 978-1-906586-98-0 © ARTICLE 19, 2014 This report is a joint publication between ARTICLE 19: Global Campaign for Free Expression and the Heliopolis Institute in Cairo. The interviews and drafting of the report were carried out by Mohamed El Dahshan and Rayna Stamboliyska from the Heliopolis Institute. Staff from the ARTICLE 19 MENA Programme contributed desk-research and edited the final draft. It was reviewed by the Director of Programmes of ARTICLE 19 and the Senior Legal Officer of ARTICLE 19. The report’s design was coordinated by the Communications Officer of ARTICLE 19. This work is provided under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-ShareAlike 2.5 licence. You are free to copy, distribute and display this work and to make derivative works, except for the images which are specifically licensed from other organisations, provided you: 1. give credit to ARTICLE 19 2. do not use this work for commercial purposes 3. distribute any works derived from this publication under a licence identical to this one. To access the full legal text of this licence, please visit: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-sa/2.5/legalcode.
    [Show full text]
  • Experiences of Egyptian Female Journalists with Workplace Gender Discrimination
    The American University in Cairo School of Global Affairs and Public Policy EXPERIENCES OF EGYPTIAN FEMALE JOURNALISTS WITH WORKPLACE GENDER DISCRIMINATION A Thesis Submitted to the Public Policy and Administration Department in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Public Policy By Mai Ismail Fall 18 1 Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 4 I: Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 5 A. Background: ......................................................................................................................... 7 1. Nature of media ownership in Egypt ............................................................................ 8 2. Legal and labor conditions of Egyptian women ......................................................... 11 B. Research questions ............................................................................................................. 16 II: Conceptual framework ............................................................................................................. 17 III. Gender discrimination and media in the literature .................................................................. 23 A. Gender discrimination in workplaces .................................................................................. 23 B. Women and media ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 'The President's Men? Inside the Technical Research Department
    THE PRESIDENT’S MEN? Inside the Technical Research Department, the secret player in Egypt's intelligence infrastructure THE PRESIDENT’S MEN? Inside the Technical Research Department Privacy International wants to thank the individuals who have helped us with this investigation and who cannot be named. A handful of these individuals took significant risks to share information with us, for which we are very grateful. This report is primarily based on original documentation provided in confidence to Privacy International. Privacy International is solely responsible for the content of this report. We have contacted the following companies in the development of this report: Advanced German Technology (AGT), A6 Consultancy, GNSE Group, Hacking Team, Nokia Group, Siemens, Solve IT and Universal Advanced Systems. Additionally, we have contacted the Egyptian Government. Attempts to reach Egyptian German Telecommunications Industries (EGTI) were unsuccessful. 2 THE PRESIDENT’S MEN? Inside the Technical Research Department THE PRESIDENT’S MEN ? Inside the Technical Research Department, the secret player in Egypt’s intelligence infrastructure February 2016 www.privacyinternational.org 3 THE PRESIDENT’S MEN? Inside the Technical Research Department Official emblem of the General Intelligence Directorate at the front of its headquarters in Cairo. This is the only image Privacy International could find of GIS headquarters. Photo: Attractionist Arabic Wikipedia 4 THE PRESIDENT’S MEN? Inside the Technical Research Department Introduction Intelligence agencies now play a central role in governments’ security apparatus. When unchecked, their roles become more vague, their capabilities grow dramatically, and their purposes expand beyond the security of the people. In undemocratic countries, the security of the government quickly becomes the priority.
    [Show full text]
  • Obscure and Stalled the Democratic Path in Egypt 2014
    Obscure and Stalled The Democratic Path in Egypt 2014 The Arabic Network For Human Rights Information Title: Obscure & Stalled The Democratic Path in Egypt 2014 Published by: ANHRI - The Arabic Network for Human Rights Information 2 Behlar Passage, Off Kasr El Nil St. - 5th Floor Flat no. 39 - Downtown, Cairo Tel/Fax : 23904208 / 23964180 Website : www.anhri.net e-mail : [email protected] Prepared by: Karim Abdelrady Documentation by Lawyers for Democracy Team: Ahmed Abdel Latif Mohammed Hafez Mahmoud Labib Mohammed Ramadan Ehab Hassan Emad Abu El Leil Aya Abdel-Al Nayera El Sayed Mahmoud Hassan Edited & Revised by: Gamal Eid Translated by: Ramy Rostom & Tereasa Shehata Cover Photo by: Ahmed Hamed – Aswat Masreya Cover Design & Technical Preparation by: Hussein Mohammed & Karim Abdelrady First Edition: 2015 Deposit No. : 4741/2015 The Arabic Network for Human Rights Information © All Rights Reserved This copy is for non-commercial use only 2 Introduction:1 This is the annual report that is released by Lawyers for Democracy Initiative, which was launched by The Arabic Network for Human Rights Information in 2014; aiming at monitoring the state of Egypt’s democratic path and determining its developments and shortcomings. The year 2014 was full of significant and influential political incidents. The repressive and extraordinary measures that have been taken by the Egyptian authorities in the wake of dispersing the sit-ins staged by the MB supporters in Rabaa Al-Adawiya in 2013 were the start to enacting a set of anti-freedoms legislations; aiming at hindering the general climate completely and confiscating the rights to peaceful protest and any political action inside the universities.
    [Show full text]
  • Arab Organization for Human Rights a Study on Freedom of Opinion And
    Arab Organization for Human Rights Arab Organization For Human rights A Study on Freedom of Opinion and Expression in Egypt (Values, commitments and practices) Introduced by Prof. Mohsen Awad Prepared by: Dr. Emad Al Fiki Prof. Haidi Ali Prof. Salma Khalil Project of boosting freedom of opinion and expression in the Arab Region 1 Arab Organization for Human Rights Introduction The right of opinion and expression is one of the “absolute values” in the Human rights and collective freedoms system. It is not confined to its intrinsic value but it covers several collective freedoms that cannot be applied without the application of the freedom of opinion and expression. They are so related to collective freedoms such as freedom of forming political parties, unions (labor and vocational), and the right to establish leagues and associations, and the right to participate in management of public affairs , etc. They are different from other absolute rights such as the freedom of thought and belief as they are implementable according to the international and regional human rights agreements. Such agreements represent strict constraints for them in some fields such as public order, public health, call for war, and honorary calls. Although such constraints are limited, compared to their counterparts in democratic systems, they still raise questions. In spite of their central value for the collective freedoms system that face several conceptual dilemma regarding their relationship with a number of collective freedoms such as their relationship with religions which caused lots of bloody crises in the context of “blasphemy”. In addition, they are related to scientific research that raise a lot of debase about the types of experiments and their consistencies with codes of ethics and the right to privacy.
    [Show full text]
  • Misir'da Darbe Sonrasi Yaġanan Ġnsan Haklari
    T.C. ĠSTANBUL TĠCARET ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ ULUSLARARASI ĠLĠġKĠLER ANA BĠLĠM DALI MISIR’DA DARBE SONRASI YAġANAN ĠNSAN HAKLARI ĠHLALLERĠ Yüksek Lisans Tezi Hazırlayan Hiba Nur Karadağ Ġstanbul, Ocak 2015 T.C. ĠSTANBUL TĠCARET ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ ULUSLARARASI ĠLĠġKĠLER ANA BĠLĠM DALI MISIR’DA DARBE SONRASI YAġANAN ĠNSAN HAKLARI ĠHLALLERĠ Yüksek Lisans Tezi Hazırlayan Hiba Nur Karadağ Tez DanıĢmanı Prof. Dr. Bekir Berat Özipek Ġstanbul, Ocak 2015 ii ABSTRACT This Thesis is about on 3 July, 2013 the transformation process in Egypt of military coup and the going through human rights abuses after the coup. In this extent, the report of historical background concerning the February 2011 revolution that began on 25 January,2011 and swiftly terminated the regime of Hosni Mubarak and also the political progression of the duration of democratization that was transumed into the military coup is primarily given a place. On the date of 3 July,2013 after the coup d'état that was implemented by Chief of the General Staff Abdel Fattah el-Sisi and accompanying committee, especially the oppression and custodies towards the Muslim Brotherhood and in the demonstrations and movements, the abuses towards civilians in the Rabia and Tahrir Squares are examined. It is scrutinized that the human rights abuses within that period after Muhammed Mursi is ousted by the military coup d'état. It is explicated that losses/bereavements, massacres taken place in universities, torture and ill-treatment, freedom of press and expression and it is analyzed that experiences and things can be done in the frame of international law.
    [Show full text]
  • Egypt 2016 Human Rights Report
    EGYPT 2016 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY According to its constitution, Egypt is a republic governed by an elected president and unicameral legislature. Domestic and international observers concluded the presidential election that took place in 2014 was administered professionally and in line with the country’s laws, while also expressing serious concerns that government limitations on association, assembly, and expression constrained broad political participation. Domestic and international observers also concluded that government authorities professionally administered the parliamentary elections that took place October through December 2015 in accordance with the country’s laws, while also expressing concern about restrictions on freedom of peaceful assembly, association, and expression and their negative effect on the political climate surrounding the elections. Civilian authorities maintained effective control over the security forces. The most significant human rights problems were excessive use of force by security forces, deficiencies in due process, and the suppression of civil liberties. Excessive use of force included unlawful killings and torture. Due process problems included the excessive use of preventative custody and pretrial detention, the use of military courts to try civilians, trials involving hundreds of defendants in which authorities did not present evidence on an individual basis, and arrests conducted without warrants or judicial orders. Civil liberties problems included societal and government restrictions
    [Show full text]