Zaatari Refugee Camp Lesson Overview

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) wants information about Jordan’s Zaatari Refugee Camp, established in 2012 to house Syrians fleeing that country’s civil war. Your task is to create the information the commissioner seeks.

In this lesson, you’ll create two maps, one so you can determine whether the camp meets UN standards for the adequate number of square meters per person and the other using satellite imagery downloads revealing camp infrastructure.

This lesson does not include step-by-step instructions. Instead, it’s a classroom lesson plan that guides students through the lesson with an instructor’s help if necessary. Build Skills in These Areas

➢ Identifying elevation

➢ Understanding hillshade, aspect, and slope

➢ Displaying elevation, bathymetry, terrain, and 3D

Software Requirements

➢ ArcGIS Online account (obtain a free ArcGIS Public Account or ArcGIS trial)

Estimated Time

➢ 30 minutes – 1 hour

Exercise

Step 1: Locate the Zaatari Refugee Camp

In 1950, the United Nations created the UNHCR to help European refugees still displaced by World War II. Today, the organization has nearly 17,000 employees working in 134 countries. One of its contemporary concerns is the plight of the refugees fleeing war-torn Syria. The organization sets standards for refugee camps.

1. Sign in to your ArcGIS online organizational account. 2. Create a map and change the basemap to Imagery with Labels. 3. Use the search box to zoom in to Mafraq, Al Mafraq Governorate, Jordan, located near the Zaatari Refugee Camp. (The refugee camp is located southeast from Mafraq.)

4. Close the Search result pop-up.

Q1. What are the advantages of changing a basemap from the default Topographic to Imagery with Labels?

A1. ______Step 2: Measure the Zaatari Refugee Camp

The Zaatari Refugee Camp should meet the standards the UNHCR has set for the minimal number of square meters per refugee. In this step, you’ll determine whether the camp meets these standards.

1. Zoom in to the Zaatari Refugee Camp.

2. Zoom in close enough so that the entire camp is within your screen.

3. Open the Measure tool and select Square Meters.

4. Measure the camp perimeter by clicking every vertex and double-clicking when you return to your starting point.

Q2. How many square meters did you measure? A2. ______Here, you’ll take the camp’s square meters and compare that figure with the annual number of refugees from 2012 to 2017. Use this formula: square meters/refugees = square meters per refugee. Then, you’ll match your answer against the living space requirements set by the UNHCR.

Those standards are the following:

• 45-35 square meters per person is acceptable. • 34-30 square meters per person is unacceptable. • 29 or fewer square meters per person is a critical shortfall. 5. Complete the table and answer the questions below. Year Refugees Square Meters/Refugee Condition 2012 15,000 2013 76,000 2014 79,000 2015 84,000 2016 80,000 2017 78,425

Q3. How many years were the square meter requirements unacceptable at the Zaatari Refugee Camp?

A3. ______

6. Close the Measure tool.

Step 3: Use Landsat 8 imagery

Landsat satellites have been imaging the earth since the first rocket was launched in 1972. The current satellite, Landsat 8, retakes images of every location on earth every 16 days. This allows you to see current imagery of the Zaatari Refugee Camp. The ArcGIS Imagery Book addresses many of the imagery themes in this lesson; in particular, chapter 4, Perceiving the Imperceptible, addresses Landsat 8 as well as how the color bands discussed in this step affect the imagery you’ll see.

1. On the ribbon, click Add and Search for Layers.

2. Set the search to ArcGIS Online and type Landsat 8 Views.

3. Add the Landsat 8 Views layer and center the map.

Landsat 8 images can be fuzzy, as it’s presented here. As you work through these steps, the images will become more meaningful.

You can change the image display by using a predefined template or setting the band combination and stretch parameters. The band combination allows you to specify which bands are displayed, using the red, green, and blue color composite scheme. Different color combinations display your imagery with various color effects. You can display your data in natural color, which displays the layer as you would normally see it, or you can use color combinations that highlight vegetation, urban areas, water, and other features. To accomplish those changes, you’ll use the Image Display tool.

4. Access the Image Display tool and display the Color Infrared with DRA, Geology with DRA, and NDVI Colorized layers in the Renderer. 5. Read the accompanying descriptions as you change layers. As you change these layers, notice the differences in how the color bands alter the image. 6. For each layer, click the map and identify the Acquisition Date in the pop-up. Click through the pop-ups and notice the different dates; this shows you the dates of the imagery you clicked.

By identifying the Acquisition Date, you can match your imagery to events, such as wildfires, in which you might want to compare imagery before and after a natural disaster.

7. After sampling the Landsat 8 Views, set the Renderer to Natural Color with DRA. 8. Save the map using this metadata: • For Title, type Zaatari Refugee Camp. • For Tags, type Zaatari, refugee, UNHCR, and Jordan. • For Summary, type Zaatari Refugee Camp research map for the UNHCR.

Q4. What is the latest acquisition date of the Natural Color with DRA imagery you downloaded?

A4. ______

Step 4: Use the OpenStreetMap

Changing basemaps is a simple way to discover new information. OpenStreetMap is a free and editable map assembled by volunteers. And like other basemaps, you can download layers to make it even more meaningful.

1. Remove the Landsat 8 Views layer and change the basemap to OpenStreetMap. 2. Access ArcGIS Online and search for Zaatari.

3. Add these layers to your map: • Zaatari Shops Facilities • Zaatari Shops • Zaatari Hospitals and Clinics • Zaatari Community Spaces

The Contents pane has five layers because the Zaatari Shops Facilities layer you downloaded included both the businesses and facilities.

Q5. Adding layers to your map also gives you the data embedded with them; how many hospitals and clinics are located within the Zaatari Refugee Camp?

A5. ______

Exercisel Answers

Q1. What are the advantages of changing a basemap from the default Topographic to Imagery with Labels?

A1. Much of the information between the two maps is the same, but the major advantage of Imagery with Labels is that it comes with World Imagery, which provides 1 meter or better satellite and aerial resolution.

Q2. How many square meters did you measure? A2. Measurements could vary based on how students draw the perimeter. But in general, measurements, with a 5 percent variance from 5,127,866, or a range between 4,800,000 square meters and 5,400,000 square meters is acceptable. What’s significant here is that students can demonstrate that they know how to use the tool correctly.

Year Refugees Square meters/refugee Condition 2012 15,000 5,127,866/15,000 = 342 square meters Acceptable 2013 76,000 5,127,866/76,000 = 67 square meters Acceptable 2014 79,000 5,127,866/79,000 = 65 square meters Acceptable 2015 84,000 5,127,866/84,000 = 61 square meters Acceptable 2016 80,000 5,127,866/80,000 = 64 square meters Acceptable 2017 78,425 5,127,866/78,425 = 65 square meters Acceptable

Q3. How many years were the square meter requirements unacceptable at the Zaatari Refugee Camp?

A3. None. From 2012 to 2017, the square meter requirements all averaged above 35 square meters.

Q4. What is the latest acquisition date of the Natural Color with DRA imagery you downloaded?

A4. Answers depend on when the student downloaded the layer; ensure the student clicks the latest of all the layers available in the pop-up box.

Q5. Adding layers to your map also gives you the data within them; how many hospitals and clinics are located within the Zaatari Refugee Camp?

A5. 20.

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About the Author

Kathryn Keranen is an award-winning teacher and author. She serves as an instructor in geographic science at James Madison University and is the co-founder of the award-winning Geospatial Semester. With Bob Kolvoord, she is the co-author of the Making Spatial Decisions series from Esri Press. Support

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