DOCSLIB.ORG

Gibsonburg, Ohio

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gibsonburg, Ohio HYDROCARBONS AND ENVIRONMENTALISM IN THE GREAT BLACK SWAMP: GIBSONBURG, OHIO Kirsten E. Stricker A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS August 2019 Committee: Michael Brooks, Advisor Andrew Hershberger © 2019 Kirsten Stricker All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Michael Brooks, Advisor Oil was discovered in northwest Ohio in 1885. Men came from Pennsylvania and the oil boom was born. Towns appeared and disappeared overnight, and they were often known for a proliferation of saloons, houses of ill repute, and gambling. Derricks littered these towns and posed safety hazards. However, some oil towns were different. In 1890 Gibsonburg, in Sandusky County, Ohio, passed laws prohibiting the drilling of oil wells within 300 feet of a residence. Their efforts revealed environmentalist tendencies decades before it became a national concern. The reforming spirit found in Gibsonburg’s residents continued and those early efforts set a precedent for further activism. In 1983 a local lime plant closed its doors and was slated for sale to the Gibsonburg Lime Company who would incinerate polychlorinated biphenyls, a known human carcinogen, as fuel. Many Gibsonburg residents quickly formed a group to oppose the plan. Their timely action resulted in the cancellation of the sale. In both instances, residents resisted the allure of money and jobs to keep themselves and their environment safe. This underscores the lengthy history of environmental activism in Gibsonburg, particularly related to petroleum and the petrochemical industries. iv James Ritchey, Dave Henline, and Herb Storm on wagon, early 1900s. (In Carole Damschroder, ed., Gibsonburg, Ohio: Area History, 126.) v Dedicated to David and Sally Metzler and all of the families who made Sandusky County their home during the oil boom. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………...... 1 CHAPTER ONE: THE EARLY HISTORY OF PETROLEUM ……… ………………….. 13 Petroleum and Its Uses before 1859………………………………………………… 22 Oil in the Americas ........................………………………………………………… 33 CHAPTER TWO: GIBSONBURG’S GAS WAR ...........................………………………. 37 The Beginnings of the Petroleum Industry in Ohio .……………………………….. 40 Gibsonburg…… .......................…………………………………………………….. 45 The Gas War…… ............………………………………………………………….. 54 Gibsonburg After 1890……………………………………………… .……………. 65 Volunteer Fire Department…………………………………………………. 65 Agriculture .......................………………………………………………….. 66 Churches .......................……………………………………………………. 68 Parks and Recreation ........………………………………………………….. 71 CHAPTER THREE: SPIN AND NOPE; SANDUSKY COUNTY RESIDENTS GO HEAD-TO-HEAD WITH HAZARDOUS INDUSTRIAL WASTE ………………………. 75 Polychlorinated Biphenyls… ........…………………………………………………. 76 Pfizer Plant………………… ...............…………………………………………….. 79 Vickery Injection Wells ....…………………………………………………………. 109 CONCLUSION………… ..........................………………………………………………… 122 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………… ..............................…………………… 123 APPENDIX A: ABBREVIATIONS……………… ..……………………………………… 139 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page I.1 Albert Bierstadt, Among the Sierra Nevada, California, 1868 .................................. 4 I.2 Thomas Cole, The Oxbow, View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm, 1836 ....................................................................................... 5 I.3 A Typical Photograph. Captures an Atypical Tourist ............................................... 7 I.4 Lucas Oil Well Gusher at Spindletop, Beaumont, Texas, 1901 ................................ 9 1.1 U.S. Field Production of Crude Oil ........................................................................... 16 1.2 An Undated Night View Stereoview of the Karg Well.............................................. 20 1.3 Photograph of Downtown Findlay, Ohio during the Gas Jubilee of 1888 ................. 21 2.1 Joseph Garn, Well No. 9 ............................................................................................ 41 2.2 Major Migrations of Oil Men .................................................................................... 43 2.3 Outline Map of Ohio: Oil and Gas Fields .................................................................. 46 2.4 Oil Producing Regions of Sandusky County ............................................................. 47 2.5 Gibsonburg Employment in 1900 for Workers .......................................................... 51 2.6 Birthplace of U.S.-Born Workers in Gibsonburg, 1900. ........................................... 52 2.7 Birthplace of Foreign-Born Workers in Gibsonburg, 1900 ....................................... 52 2.8 Living Accommodations of Gibsonburg’s Workers, 1900 ........................................ 53 2.9 Living Accommodations of Gibsonburg’s Oil Workers, 1900 .................................. 53 2.10 Oil Workers, Marital Status and Living Arrangements, Gibsonburg, 1900 .............. 53 2.11 Will Swartz and His Shooting Wagon ....................................................................... 55 2.12 The Kirkbride Gusher ................................................................................................ 56 2.13 Helena, Ohio Taken About 1890 ............................................................................... 58 2.14 Oil Derricks Once Covered This Field in North Baltimore, Ohio ............................. 63 viii 3.1 Gibsonburg Lime Products Co., 1937 ........................................................................ 80 3.2 By-gone Days! Pfizer Inc. Is No Longer in Use, 1994 ............................................... 82 3.3 Location of Class 1 Injection Wells in Ohio .............................................................. 115 3.4 Class II Brine Injection Wells of Ohio ....................................................................... 116 1 INTRODUCTION The narrative of petroleum during the industrial era has often been romanticized and idealized. It is often presented to the general reader as a quintessential element of the American success story. A man drilled for oil or leased his land to a large oil company, and he became rich beyond his dreams either through his careful decisions about where to purchase land and where to drill or through his aptitude in haggling with oil companies.1 Petroleum should be regarded with some level of wonder; it has made many components of modern and contemporary life possible. However, today, it is most often associated by the general public with cars and pollution. This is not an inaccurate assessment as the United States consumes roughly 19 thousand barrels per day (TBPD) and 13 TBPD of those are used for transportation.2 Petroleum’s story is frequently simplified by many of the authors addressing its history. Men became rich, but many authors primarily focus on those who became fabulously wealthy such as John. D. Rockefeller, Henry M. Flagler, Edward L. Doheny—the inspiration of J. Arnold Ross in the 1927 novel Oil! by Upton Sinclair—and other successful outliers. Oral histories of the industry that chronicle the lives of drillers, shooters, and others, did not appear until the 1970s.3 According to the common narrative, the oil magnates took advantage of whoever and whatever they could, thus making their money fruit from a poison tree; no amount of philanthropy on their part can erase the black marks left on their names. Over 200 books have been written about the 1 Mody C. Boatright, Folklore of the Oil Industry (Dallas: Southern Methodist, 1963), 4– 6. 2 Brian Black, Crude Reality: Petroleum in World History, Kindle edition (New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2012), loc. 106 3 See Mody C. Boatright and William A. Owens. Tales from the Derrick Floor: A People’s History of the Oil Industry (Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1970) for the first of these published oral histories. Their project is a by-product of the Oral History of Texas Oil Pioneers that began recording histories in 1952. 2 Rockefellers, beginning with Ida Tarbell’s scathing exposé in 1904 on the Standard Oil Company, and Suzanne Loebl’s 2010 book is the first to look solely at the Rockefeller’s artistic contributions.4 John D. Rockefeller is remembered for being an unscrupulous “robber baron” and the cause of anti-trust lawsuits in 1909, but the family is generally not acknowledged for their artistic pursuits and charitable donations, which include those of of his son, John D. Rockefeller, Jr, his daughter-in-law, Abby Aldrich Rockefeller—a founder of the Metropolitan Museum of Art—and Nelson Rockefeller, his grandson and a towering figure in the histories of both the Metropolitan Museum of Art and of the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA).5 Often overlooked in the standard narrative is the fact that the second industrial revolution required petroleum and other natural resources. That revolution resulted in many of the comforts that we associate with modernity. In the twenty-first century, however, petroleum and other hydrocarbons like natural gas and polychlorinated biphenyls are criticized for their effects on the environment, either directly through carbon monoxide emissions or through the actual extraction of petroleum from the ground or less directly through pipelines that crisscross the country.6 4 Suzanne Loebl, America’s Medicis: The Rockefellers and Their Astonishing Legacy (New York: HarperCollins, 2010), xi. 5 Ibid.,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 121022 Descendants of Konrad John Lautermilch
    Konrad John Lautermilch and His American Descendants by Alice Marie Zoll and Maintained by Christopher Kerr (Last Revision: 22 October 2012) LAUTERMILCH means Whole-milk or All-milk Then God Said to Noah "Go forth from the Ark, you and your wife, and your sons and their wives....and be fruitful and multiply....". Genesis 8:17 Early Ancestors in Germany: Melchoir Lautermilch 1697-1775 His brothers and sisters: Magdalena Anna Lautermilch 1703 Came to U.S. 1731 Wendel George Lautermilch 1705 Came to U.S. 1731 Gottried Lautermilch 1708 Came to U.S. 1736 Anton (twin) Lautermilch 1708 Came to U.S. 1736 Jacob Lautermilch 1716 Melchoir's Son: Adam Hans Lautermilch 1754-1781 His brothers and sisters George John 1738-1833 Maria Anna 1736- Nicholas 1733- d. in Germany Adam Hans Lautermilch's Son: Konrad John Lautermilch 1776-1834 d. in Germany His Children: Johann Martin Germany Johanna Germany Conrad Jr U.S.A. Katherine Germany Dietrich Germany Welhelm U.S.A. Charles U.S.A. Carl Ernest Germany Margaret U.S.A. George Adam U.S.A. Alexander Euglina U.S.A. Daughter Germany Abbreviations used: A. Adopted b. born child. children bu. buried d. died co. county dau. daughter div. divorced M. Married occ. occupation Preface It was during the reign of Louis IX, the period when the Germanic Coumentites produced only poverty and death and the spirits of its people were at their lowest, that we find Konrad John Lautermilch married to Johanna Katherine Kopf. They were from Sinnsheim and Karchard. Kirchard and Sinnsheim are towns about 40 kilometers northeast of Kurhsruhe and 20 kilometers southeast of Heidelberg, Baden, Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 ANNUAL REPORT T  S C of O 
    2017 ANNUAL REPORT T S C of O ANNUAL REPORT 2017 Maureen O’Connor Chief Justice Terrence O’Donnell Sharon L. Kennedy Judith L. French William M. O’Neill Patrick F. Fischer R. Patrick DeWine Justices Michael L. Buenger Administrative Director Stephanie E. Hess Deputy Administrative Director DEAR OHIOANS: NUMBERS CAN TELL A COMPELLING STORY. In the pages of this Supreme Court of Ohio annual report, numbers form the foundation of articles large and small that recap a year of significant decisions from the bench, rule changes for courts, forays into civic education, and accomplishments that reflect the character and diverse work of our staff. The year 2017 began with a welcoming of two new members to the Court. Justices Patrick F. Fischer and R. Patrick DeWine took office following their statewide elections the previous November to full six-year terms. Education at many levels is reflected in the numbers. For the calendar year, nearly 23,000 Ohioans were educated through more than 200 Ohio Judicial College course offerings. As part of our administration of the practice of law in Ohio, the Court registered more than 44,000 active attorneys during 2017’s biennial registration period. Separately, the Court administered the Ohio bar exam twice last year to nearly 1,400 individuals. Staff services were stepped up, and the numbers reflect it. The Court focused on further development and certification of specialized dockets in local courts to meet the changing, and often dire, needs of defendants. We certified court interpreters for non-English-speaking, deaf, and hard-of-hearing individuals who find themselves in court proceedings.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1. Natural History
    CHAPTER 1. NATURAL HISTORY CHAPTER 1. NATURAL HISTORY —THE WILDERNESS THAT GREETED THE FIRST SETTLERS The land one sees today traveling through northern Ohio took gone. Thus, some 14,000 years ago as the last glacier receded millions of years to form. We can see evidence of tropical sea into the Lake Erie basin, the first Native Americans arrived and reefs on the Lake Erie Islands and deep ocean sediments here in began to utilize the natural resources that these natural processes the cliffs of the Black River. Ohio was just south of the equator had produced. at that time, some 350 million years ago, and over the millennia The natural history of Sheffield encompasses all those natural has migrated northward to its present position. Mountain features and processes of the environment that greeted the Native building to the east eventually raised the sea floor from under Americans, and later the pioneers, when they first arrived in the waves and erosion by streams, and later glacial ice, began Sheffield. To be sure, the landscape was a magnificent wilderness to sculpture the land. At the same time plants and animals were to the settlers, but it needed to be “tamed” in order to support evolving and began to populate the new land once the ice was the newcomers. Ice formation on the shale bluff of the Black River north of Garfield Bridge (2005). 1 BICENTENNIAL HISTORY OF SHEFFIELD TOPOGRAPHY Regional Physiography The topography of an area is the configuration of the land Physiography refers to the physical features or landforms of surface, including its relief [vertical differences in elevation of a region.
    [Show full text]
  • Geological Investigations in Ohio
    INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO. 21 GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN OHIO 1956 By Carolyn Farnsworth STATE OF OHIO C. William O'Neill, Governor DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES A. W. Marion, Director NATURAL RESOURCES COMMISSION Milton Ronsheim, Chairman John A. Slipher, Bryce Browning, Vice Chairman Secretary C. D. Blubaugh Dean L. L. Rummell Forrest G. Hall Dr. Myron T. Sturgeon A. W. Marion George Wenger DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Ralph J. Bernhagen, Chief STATI OF OHIO DIPAlTMIMT 011 NATUlAL llSOUlCH DIVISION OF &EOLO&ICAL SURVEY INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO. 21 'GEOLOG·ICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN OHIO 1956 by CAROLYN FARNSWORTH COLUMBUS 1957 Blank Page CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Project listing by author 2 Project listing by subject . 22 Economic geology 22 Aggregates . 22 Coal . • 22 Ground water 22 Iron .. 22 Oil and gas 22 Salt . 22 Sand and gravel 23 General .. 23 Geomorphology 23 Geophysics 23 Glacial geology 23 Mineralogy and petrology . 24 Clay .. 24 Coal . 24 Dolomite 24 Limestone. 24 Sandstone •• 24 Shale. 24 Till 25 Others 25 Paleontology. 25 Stratigraphy and sedimentation 26 Structural geology . 27 Miscellaneous . 27 Geographic distribution. 27 Statewide 27 Areal. \\ 28 County 29 Miscellaneous . 33 iii Blank Page I INTRODUCTION In September 1956, letters of inquiry and questionnaires were sent to all Ohio geologists on the mailing list of the Ohio Geological Survey, and to other persons who might be working on geological problems in Ohio. This publication has been compiled from the information contained on the returned forms. In most eases it is assumed that the projects listed herein will culminate in reports which will be available to the profession through scientific journals, government publications, or grad- uate school theses.
    [Show full text]
  • Middle Devonian Formations in the Subsurface of Northwestern Ohio
    STATE OF OHIO DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Horace R. Collins, Chief Report of Investigations No. 78 MIDDLE DEVONIAN FORMATIONS IN THE SUBSURFACE OF NORTHWESTERN OHIO by A. Janssens Columbus 1970 SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STAFF OF THE OHIO DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ADMINISTRATIVE SECTION Horace R. Collins, State Geologist and Di v ision Chief David K. Webb, Jr., Geologist and Assistant Chief Eleanor J. Hyle, Secretary Jean S. Brown, Geologist and Editor Pauline Smyth, Geologist Betty B. Baber, Geologist REGIONAL GEOLOGY SECTION SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY SECTION Richard A. Struble, Geologist and Section Head William J. Buschman, Jr., Geologist and Section Head Richard M. Delong, Geologist Michael J. Clifford, Geologist G. William Kalb, Geochemist Adriaan J anssens, Geologist Douglas L. Kohout, Geologis t Frederick B. Safford, Geologist David A. Stith, Geologist Jam es Wooten, Geologist Aide Joel D. Vormelker, Geologist Aide Barbara J. Adams, Clerk· Typist B. Margalene Crammer, Clerk PUBLICATIONS SECTION LAKE ERIE SECTION Harold J. Fl inc, Cartographer and Section Head Charles E. Herdendorf, Geologist and Sectwn Head James A. Brown, Cartographer Lawrence L. Braidech, Geologist Donald R. Camburn, Cartovapher Walter R. Lemke, Boat Captain Philip J. Celnar, Cartographer David B. Gruet, Geologist Aide Jean J. Miller, Photocopy Composer Jean R. Ludwig, Clerk- Typist STATE OF OHIO DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Horace R. Collins, Chief Report of Investigations No. 78 MIDDLE DEVONIAN FORMATIONS IN THE SUBSURFACE OF NORTHWESTERN OHIO by A. Janssens Columbus 1970 GEOLOGY SERVES OHIO CONTENTS Page Introduction . 1 Previous investigations .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Study methods . 4 Detroit River Group . .. .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. 6 Sylvania Sandstone ..........................
    [Show full text]
  • Great Lakes Coastal Program Strategic Plan
    U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE The Coastal Program ~ Strategic Plan ~ Stewardship of Fish and Wildlife Through Voluntary Conservation Regional Step-Down Plan Region 3 - “Great Lakes -Big Rivers” Part 2 of 3 FY 2007-2011 Table of Contents I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................1 II. Regional Overview..................................................................................................................... 3 Wetland Habitat Types............................................................................................................... 3 Coastal Upland Habitat Types ................................................................................................... 4 Stream/Riparian Habitat Types.................................................................................................. 5 Issues and Risks ......................................................................................................................... 6 Cooperative Conservation.......................................................................................................... 6 III. Goal One: Conserving Habitat................................................................................................. 7 Regional Objectives ................................................................................................................... 7 Key Strategic Activities ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Brewers Association Brewery Members As of June 14, 2012
    Brewers Association Brewery Members as of June 14, 2012 (512) Brewing Co - Austin, TX 7 Seas Brewing Co - Gig Harbor, WA 10 Barrel Brewing Co - Bend, OR 75th Street Brewery - Kansas City, MO 12 String Brewing Co - Spokane, WA A1A Ale Works - St Augustine, FL 16 Mile Brewing Co - Georgetown, DE Aardwolf Pub and Brewery - Ponte Vedra, FL 1974 Brewing Company - Pottstown, PA Abandon Brewing - Victor, NY 21st Amendment Brewery Cafe - San Francisco, CA Abbey Beverage Co, LLC / Monastery of Christ In the Desert - Santa Fe, NM 23rd Street Brewery - Lawrence, KS Abbey Ridge - Alto Pass, IL 2nd Shift Brewing Co - New Haven, MO Abita Brewing Co - Abita Springs, LA 3 Guys and A Beer'd Brewing Co - Carbondale, PA AC Golden Brewing Company - Golden, CO 3 Sheeps Brewing Co - Sheboygan, WI Actual Brewing Company, LLC - Columbus, OH 3 Stars Brewing Co - Washington, DC Adelbert's Brewery LLC - Austin, TX 303 Brewing Company - Denver, CO Adirondack Pub and Brewery - Lake George, NY 4 Hands Brewing Co - Saint Louis, MO Adroit Theory Brewing Company - Sterling, VA 4 Paws Brewing - Chicago, IL Against the Grain Brewery - Louisville, KY 40 Arpent - New Orleans, LA Aiken Brewing Co - Aiken, SC 406 Brewing Company - Bozeman, MT Alameda Brewing Co - Portland, OR 49th State Brewing Co - Denali National Park, AK Alamo Beer Co - San Antonio, TX 4th Street Brewing Co - Gresham, OR Alaskan Brewing Co. - Juneau, AK 5 Boroughs Brewery - New York, NY Alchemist Cannery - Waterbury, VT 5 Rabbit Cerveceria Inc - Chicago, IL Ale Asylum - Madison, WI 515 Brewing Co - Clive,
    [Show full text]
  • Ohio's Great Black Swamp
    Ohio’s Great Black Swamp The Great Black Swamp was a vast wetland that dominated the Lake Erie lowland from northwest Ohio into northeastern The Great Black Swamp region Indiana. The system of marshy, woody habitat was created by Ice (photograph courtesy of the Allen County Historical Age glacial advances and retreats. Although Native Americans set Society and The Lima News) up villages on the periphery of the swamp, they ventured only occasionally across its sandy ridges. The swamp was a barrier to Words to Know: most people for centuries, and was studied by almost no one habitat periphery until it was drained in the late 19th century. cholera tributary In June of 1812, U.S. troops led by General William Hull crossed glacial necessity the swamp in 20 days. It took them eight days to get from Urbana implementation buffer to Fort McArthur, near Kenton. They bogged down 16 miles north of Fort McArthur, erected Fort Necessity , then advanced 14 miles to For Discussion: build Fort Findlay. They made it to the Maumee River on June 30. 1. For centuries, no one lived in The U.S. government took years to build the Maumee-Western the Great Black Swamp. What do Reserve Road, now State Route 20, through the swamp. The job, you suppose made people finally begun in 1808, was finished in 1820. By 1835, the road had wish to live there? become an impassable quagmire, and people were traveling 2. The Great Black Swamp served along the roadway’s side ditches instead. Short-lived “corduroy” as a sponge that collected debris roads were made from logs hewn from the swamp’s massive and dirt flowing toward Lake Erie.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Post-General Election Update
    2018 post-general election update November 7, 2018 On Tuesday, November 6, 2018, Ohioans cast ballots in the 2018 general election. For the first time since 2006, five statewide elected offices were up for election without an incumbent running in the 2018 general election. Federal offices, including all Ohio U.S. Representatives seats and one U.S. Senate seat, two Ohio Supreme Court seats, all seats in the Ohio House of Representatives and 17 Ohio Senate seats were on the ballot. Many counties in Ohio and around the country reported record- breaking early voter turnout. Nearly 1.5 million ballots were requested by mail and in person, and an estimated 1.3 million had been cast as of the close of early voting on November 5, 2018. Here is Bricker & Eckler’s overview of the 2018 general election results and details on races of particular interest. STATEWIDE BALLOT ISSUES Issue 1: This proposed constitutional amendment was filed as the “Neighborhood Safety, Drug Treatment, and Rehabilitation Amendment.” If adopted, the amendment would have, among other things, required reductions in sentencing in certain situations, mandated that certain criminal offenses or uses of any drugs, such as fentanyl and heroin, can only be classified as a misdemeanor, and prohibited jail time as a sentence for obtaining, possessing or using such drugs until an individual’s third offense within 24 months. Issue 1 was defeated by 63.41 percent. The Ohio Safe and Healthy Communities Campaign led the way in support of the proposed constitutional amendment. Supporters of Issue 1 were financially supported by Open Society Policy Center, the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative and the Open Philanthropy Project Action Fund.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Summer 2009 Program Guide
    OPA ETR RK M S Program Guide JULY | AUGUST | SEPTEMBER 2009 Spending Summer Close To Home? We Have Dozens Of Ways To Spend It Wisely. | 1 | Check out our NEW! programs 419-407-9700 | METROPARKSPROGRAMS.COM Contents 3 Summer Camps 4 About Metroparks 5 Open for the Season 6 Special Events 7 Free Sunday Sampler Metrobarks, page 6 8 Nature Programs 11 Nature Programs for Kids 14 Nature Photography Programs 17 History Programs 20 History Programs for Kids 18 Year of the Trail Nature For Kids 22 Wildwood Manor House Programs page 11 | 2 | 22 Toledo Botanical Garden Programs 23 Nature’s Nursery Programs 23 Volunteer Programs 25 Volunteer Opportunities 25 Friends Groups 27 Members Programs 28 NEW! Program Index Helping Hands, page 23 33 Contacts 34 Directory Park Hours Reservations Phone reservations: 419-407-9700 Online reservations: MetroparksPrograms.com Program hotline/Cancellations: 419-407-9771 Facility Rentals, page 28 Reservation Form, page 31 Volunteer Services 419-407-9703 PROGRAMS LISTED BY DATE AT METROPARKSPROGRAMS.COM Summer Camps Memories Are Made At Metroparks Summer Camps Nature Camp (Ages 7 to 12) NEW! Kids Nature Photo Camp Nature Camp is a week of nature discovery Kids will have an excellent adventure in and exploration for kids with fun activi- exploring nature and capturing those wild ties, games, living history and stewardship moments with cameras. A limited number projects. Each day has a different focus. It’s of cameras are available to borrow during a great educational experience for children camp. Hosted at the National Center for who enjoy nature, history and the outdoors.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geology of Ohio—The Precambrian
    No. 13 OHIOGeoFacts DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES • DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY THE GEOLOGY OF OHIO—THE PRECAMBRIAN Precambrian time (all of geologic time before the Cambrian Pe- million years ago a continent to the east collided with North America, riod) began when the Earth became a solid entity about 4.5 billion resulting in extensive crustal compression and development of a years ago and ended when the Cambrian Period began, about 570 mountain range that geologists call the Grenville Mountains. What million years ago. “Precambrian” is actually an informal term used is thought to be the zone of continental collision, known as a suture by geologists. This long period of time is divided formally into two zone, is located in eastern Ohio and is called the Coshocton Zone. eons—the Archeozoic (greater than 2.5 billion years ago) and the As these continents collided along a 3,000-mile-long line, stretch- Proterozoic (2.5 billion to 570 million years ago). Despite the immense ing perhaps from Sweden to Mexico, rocks were folded, twisted, span of time it represents, the Precambrian is the most poorly known metamorphosed, and thrust westward across part of the rift zone of the geologic subdivisions in Ohio, in part because Precambrian in western Ohio. This north-south-oriented, 30-mile-wide zone of rocks are nowhere exposed in the state. These primarily crystalline east-dipping, imbricated thrust slices is called the Grenville Front igneous and metamorphic rocks are deeply buried beneath younger Tectonic Zone and marks the westward limit of the Grenville Moun- Paleozoic sedimentary rocks at depths ranging from about 2,500 feet tains.
    [Show full text]
  • Ohio Luck Times 1985-1986 Government Directory
    Ohio luck Times 1985-1986 Government Directory Published by me Ohio Trucking Association _ a different kind of downtown tavern i 190 7323149 66 Lynn Alley between Third & High 224-6600 Open Monday thru Friday 11am to 11pm Full Menu served until 10pm Free hors d'oeuvres Friday night "Best Spread in Columbus" says Columbus Monthly Private Banquet Rooms Available ^iwfe^::^ ••••••,..-==g "•'r^'mw.rffvirrr-'i-irii w» Dhto luck Times BHT )lume 34 Number 1 Welcome from the 71 Winter 1985 Ohio Trucking Association OHIO TRUCKING ASSOCIATION The tenth edition of the Ohio Truck Times Government Direc­ Published biennially in odd-numbered tory is out, and we thank you for your patience. Our goal is always to years publish the directory as close to the opening of each Ohio General PUBLICATION STAFF Assembly as we can while also creating the most complete reference Donald B. Smith, Publisher guide possible. Somewhere between the two lie many last-minute David F. Bartosic, Editor changes, appointments, assignments and other delays. I hope it was worth the wait. EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICES Almost 20 years ago the Ohio Trucking Association began this directory with photos and biographical sketches of Ohio legisla­ Suite 1111 tors. Since then, we have expanded it to include not only those who 50 West Broad Street make the laws, but also those who administer them. Obviously Columbus, Ohio 43215 there are many state officials under this aegis, many more than we Phone: 614/221-5375 could accommodate with this issue. ASSOCIATION STAFF New additions for this biennium include members of the Pub­ lic Utilities Commission, the Industrial Commission and Bureau of Donald B.
    [Show full text]