PHP 6 and Mysql 5 for Dynamic Web Sites (2008).Pdf
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VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE PHP 6 AND MYSQL 5 FOR DYNAMIC WEB SITES Larry Ullman Peachpit Press Visual QuickPro Guide PHP 6 and MySQL 5 for Dynamic Web Sites Larry Ullman Peachpit Press 1249 Eighth Street Berkeley, CA 94710 510/524-2178 510/524-2221 (fax) Find us on the Web at: www.peachpit.com To report errors, please send a note to: [email protected] Peachpit Press is a division of Pearson Education. Copyright © 2008 by Larry Ullman Editor: Rebecca Gulick Copy Editor: Bob Campbell Production Coordinator: Becky Winter Compositors: Myrna Vladic, Jerry Ballew, and Rick Gordon Indexer: Rebecca Plunkett Cover Production: Louisa Adair Technical Reviewer: Arpad Ray Notice of rights All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, elec- tronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the pub- lisher. For information on getting permission for reprints and excerpts, contact [email protected]. Notice of liability The information in this book is distributed on an “As Is” basis, without warranty. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of the book, neither the author nor Peachpit Press shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indi- rectly by the instructions contained in this book or by the computer software and hardware products described in it. Trademarks MySQL is a registered trademark of MySQL AB in the United States and in other countries. Macintosh and Mac OS X are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Microsoft and Windows are registered trade- marks of Microsoft Corporation. Other product names used in this book may be trademarks of their own respective owners. Images of Web sites in this book are copyrighted by the original holders and are used with their kind permission. This book is not officially endorsed by nor affiliated with any of the above com- panies, including MySQL AB. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and Peachpit was aware of a trademark claim, the designations appear as requested by the owner of the trademark. All other product names and services identified throughout this book are used in editorial fashion only and for the benefit of such companies with no intention of infringement of the trademark. No such use, or the use of any trade name, is intended to convey endorsement or other affiliation with this book. ISBN-13: 978-0-321-52599-4 ISBN-10: 0-321-52599-X 987654321 Printed and bound in the United States of America Dedication Dedicated to the fine faculty at my alma mater, Northeast Missouri State University. In particular, I would like to thank: Dr. Monica Barron, Dr. Dennis Leavens, Dr. Ed Tyler, and Dr. Cole Woodcox, whom I also have the pleasure of calling my friend. I would not be who I am as a writer, as a student, as a teacher, or as a person if it were not for the magnanimous, affecting, and brilliant instruction I received from these educators. Special Thanks to: My heartfelt thanks to everyone at Peachpit Press, as always. My gratitude to editor extraordinaire Rebecca Gulick, who makes my job so much easier. And thanks to Bob Campbell for his hard work, helpful suggestions, and impressive attention to detail. Thanks also to Rebecca Plunkett for indexing and Becky Winter, Myrna Vladic, Jerry Ballew, and Rick Gordon for laying out the book, and thanks to Arpad Ray for his technical review. Kudos to the good people working on PHP, MySQL, Apache, phpMyAdmin, and XAMPP, among other great projects. And a hearty “cheers” to the denizens of the various news- groups, mailing lists, support forums, etc., who offer assistance and advice to those in need. Thanks, as always, to the readers, whose sup- port gives my job relevance. An extra helping of thanks to those who provided the transla- tions in Chapter 15, “Example—Message Board,” and who offered up recommendations as to what they’d like to see in this edition. Thanks to Nicole and Christina for enter- taining and taking care of the kids so that I could get some work done. Finally, I would not be able to get through a single book if it weren’t for the love and support of my wife, Jessica. And a special shout out to Zoe and Sam, who give me rea- sons to, and not to, write books! Table of Contents Introduction: ix What Are Dynamic Web Sites? . x What You’ll Need . xvi About This Book . xvii Companion Web Site . xix Chapter 1: Introduction to PHP 1 of Contents Table Basic Syntax . 2 Sending Data to the Web Browser . 6 Writing Comments . 10 What Are Variables? . 14 Introducing Strings . 18 Concatenating Strings . 21 Introducing Numbers . 23 Introducing Constants . 27 Single vs. Double Quotation Marks . 30 Chapter 2: Programming with PHP 33 Creating an HTML Form . 34 Handling an HTML Form . 38 Conditionals and Operators . 42 Validating Form Data . 46 Introducing Arrays . 52 For and While Loops . 70 Chapter 3: Creating Dynamic Web Sites 73 Including Multiple Files . 74 Handling HTML Forms, Revisited . 84 Making Sticky Forms . 89 Creating Your Own Functions . 92 Chapter 4: Introduction to MySQL 107 Naming Database Elements . 108 Choosing Your Column Types . 110 Choosing Other Column Properties . 114 Accessing MySQL . 116 v Table of Contents Chapter 5: Introduction to SQL 123 Creating Databases and Tables . 124 Inserting Records . 127 Selecting Data . 131 Using Conditionals . 133 Using LIKE and NOT LIKE . 136 Sorting Query Results . 138 Limiting Query Results . 140 Updating Data . 142 Deleting Data . 144 Using Functions . 146 Chapter 6: Advanced SQL and MySQL 157 Database Design . 158 Performing Joins . 173 Grouping Selected Results . 178 Creating Indexes . 180 Using Different Table Types . 185 Performing FULLTEXT Searches . 188 Performing Transactions . 194 Chapter 7: Error Handling and Debugging 199 Error Types and Basic Debugging . 200 Displaying PHP Errors . 206 Table of Contents Table Adjusting Error Reporting in PHP . 208 Creating Custom Error Handlers . 211 PHP Debugging Techniques . 216 SQL and MySQL Debugging Techniques . 220 Chapter 8: Using PHP with MySQL 223 Modifying the Template . 224 Connecting to MySQL . 226 Executing Simple Queries . 230 Retrieving Query Results . 239 Ensuring Secure SQL . 243 Counting Returned Records . 249 Updating Records with PHP . 251 Chapter 9: Common Programming Techniques 259 Sending Values to a Script . 260 Using Hidden Form Inputs . 264 Editing Existing Records . 270 Paginating Query Results . 277 Making Sortable Displays . 285 vi Table of Contents Chapter 10: Web Application Development 291 Sending Email . 292 Date and Time Functions . 298 Handling File Uploads . 302 PHP and JavaScript . 315 Understanding HTTP Headers . 322 Chapter 11: Cookies and Sessions 327 Making a Login Page . 328 Making the Login Functions . 331 Using Cookies . 336 Using Sessions . 349 Improving Session Security . 358 Chapter 12: Security Methods 361 Preventing Spam . 362 Table of Contents Table Validating Data by Type . 369 Preventing XSS Attacks . 374 Preventing SQL Injection Attacks . 377 Database Encryption . 383 Chapter 13: Perl-Compatible Regular Expressions 389 Creating a Test Script . 390 Defining Simple Patterns . 394 Using Quantifiers . 397 Using Character Classes . 400 Finding All Matches . 403 Using Modifiers . 407 Matching and Replacing Patterns . 409 Chapter 14: Making Universal Sites 413 Character Sets and Encoding . 414 Creating Multilingual Web Pages . 416 Unicode in PHP . 420 Collation in PHP . 424 Transliteration in PHP . 427 Languages and MySQL . 430 Time Zones and MySQL . 434 Working with Locales . 437 vii Table of Contents Chapter 15: Example—Message Board 441 Making the Database . 442 Writing the Templates . 451 Creating the Index Page . 460 Creating the Forum Page . 461 Creating the Thread Page . 466 Posting Messages . 471 Chapter 16: Example—User Registration 483 Creating the Templates . 484 Writing the Configuration Scripts . 490 Creating the Home Page . 498 Registration . 500 Activating an Account . 509 Logging In and Logging Out . 513 Password Management . 519 Chapter 17: Example—E-Commerce 529 Creating the Database . 530 The Administrative Side . 536 Creating the Public Template . ..