APPENDIX.
EXAMINATION PAPERS.
1861-1862. MATRICULATION EXAMINATION.
GREEK.
(PROFESSOR IRVINO.)
O. T., ISGl.
ARNOLD, Greek Prose Composition. EURIPIDES,Hecuba; or XENOPHON, Anabasis, iv., v., vi. [N.B. The principal parts of a verb are its present, future, and perfect active, perfect passive, .and second aorist active ; or, if deponent, its present middle, future middle, and whatever perfect and aorist it employs. In parsing a verb, give its tense, mood, voice, and principal parts. In parsing a substantive or an adjective, give its gender, number, case, and nominative and genitive singular.]
1. Decline these words? Svopa, was, 58e, yXuKvs, nOeis. 2. Give the principal parts of aklo-Kopxu, fmv$a.v 4. How'do you represent in Greek tho English indefinite article 1 5. To what English pronouns do ovros, eKtii/os, avros, respectively correspond 1 C. " I have a pain in my head." " Remember what is honorable." " I ceased from work." " I marclicd twenty stadia a day." In what cases would you put in Greek the words italicised % 1. Put into Greek " More wise (o-d$os) than good" (d-yaflos). " Greater than ever they were." " Another army in addition to the one he had." " It is right that I should do this." 8. Give the English of arroOv/jcrKeiv into rtvos* eTrai irpds Ttvos- (xvai Trpds Tin- Kara Ti' eis StSao-KaXou TTtp.ire.LV. ~~ 9. Translate literally— opui a-', 'Oovacrtv . • Si//,' eortav T* u<^iifo/xaia 10. Why is rrpoa-Otyij) conjunctive, not opativc 1 Why is xp??£ovo-a a participle. Why is •yevcidSos genitive? SS>pa accusative % 11. Parse, in the above extract, x^Pa' ttpoerOiyw, Tr^evyas, \dpt,v, Or 9. Translate— 'Eim St TO. tTrmySeia TTro\€/XtK(OTClTOVI S TU>V «V TO) UoVTlD. MATRICULATION. V 10. Why is T/5a-re£ownW genitive? OIKLZV genitive? pdSiov neuter ? T/yov imperfect ? 11. Parse r/yepovas, kapfldveiv, rjp,iav, eKTromuKoVcs, X F. T., 1S62. 1. Decline these words \ntmv, /Sao-iAeus, Trot^n/s, Tts, iXcvdepos. 2. Give the principal parts of Tthrrw, Ttaid], (p\Xi 8. Give the English of irp6s TO $vp. 9. Translate literally— iytii crc KOX dbv iratSa 'A^atois £i 8ta/}X.j6*7/o-o/xat. 10. In the preceding extract why is St/catou genitive? Or 9. Translate— 'E7rtOTao"0£ Trov, .... . OVSEVI fjfj.!j>v tlmav. 10. In the preceding, why is iiriLXovv imperfect 1 wv genitive 1 €tij opative 1 WKTOS genitive ? 11. In the preceding, parse rjv, dyopdo-avT£s, Ka.TapM.$wv, Ip^erat, opfcrt, iyyvraTia, ovScvl, TOVTO. 12. Give thc meanings .and the derivations of Xo^a-yds, ^EuyijXttTEti', TratojvtXa', TtaytcpaTLov, av6r]pep6v, Trfptppifjjvat, ly^ipCBioi', VEoSapros. MATRICULATION. Vll LATIN. (PROFESSOR IRVING.) 0. T., 1861. ARNOLD, Latin Prose Composition. VIRGIL, /Eneid II.; or CICERO, de Senectuto and Letters. [N.B. In parsing a verb, give its tense, mood, voice, arid principal parts. • In parsing a noun or an adjective, its nominative and genitive, gender, number, and case.] 1. Decline throughout magister, dux, velox, mare, iste, qui. 2. Give the principal parts of scdeo, facesso, pono, praebeo, ago, incedo. 3. Distinguish generally the pronouns, is, iste, ille, hie. 4. -" I hope I shall go." " I order you to go." " I ad vise you to remain." "T ask a few things of you." " Thc middle of the way." " I will give you the land to dwell in." Give the Latin for these ex pressions. 5. What are the three senses in which " si quid haberet daret" is employed? 6. In translating the following, what difference of idiom is to be observed—(1.) Very many of which tilings. (2.) I fear that he will come. (3.) The Queen has now reigned 24 years. 1(4.) All the wisest phi losophers. (5.) You would have said. (6.) A pen to write with. (7.) From the destruction of "Carthage 1 7. What is the construction employed after sequitur, licet, cupidus, accusare, convenirc, vendere 1 VU1 EXAMINATION PAPERS, 8. Put the following into oratio obliqua introduced by . Dicit—" Ego ctsi pauca habeo, largitor semper fui, tu contra, divitiis onustus, avari partes semper cgisti; quapropter omnes, qui nobiscum versantur, me diligunt tc oderunt." 9. Translate literally— Assenscrc omnes . . . . . , non digua fereutis. 1 10. Parse eripui, dedissent, rcposcent, miserere, fruges, vittre, natos, morte. 11. Why is parari infinitive? lacu ablative? restct subjunctive ? animi genitive 1 12. Give the meaning and the derivation of injuria, ambages, conjux, armiger, concretos, compages, tridens, excidium. Or 9. Translate literally— Ita enim senectus honesta est commemoro vespcri. 10. Parse mancipata est, poterit, utor, audierim, au- guruin, monumenta, litteris, cxercenda?. 11. Why is litteris ablative ? audierim subjunctive ? memori-B genitive ? vesperi ablative ? 12. Give thc meaning and the derivation of coacesco, demetendus, refrigeratio, caducus, principium, offensio, tessera, ropudiatus. MATRICULATION. 'IX- F. T., 1S62. 1. Decline throughout—major, illc, alius,.fclix, res, cor. 2. Give tho principal parts of domo, dico, sperno, jubeo, faveo, penclo. 3. Which are the historic tenses in Latin 1 What tenses of the subjunctive do-they take after them' in dependent sentences ? 4. "He has informed me of his plan." "Hehasad-" viaed me to come down into the plain." " A man of thc greatest ability." " I gave you my land as a gift." " My name is Gains." " In the lifetime of Augustus." ' Give the Latin for these expres sions. 5. Distinguish nolim factum, milium factum: diu, dudum: amare, diligere. C. In translating the following what differences of idiom are to bo observed—(1.) Lame of one foot. (2.) I remember to have read. (3.) You are envied your success. (4.) Ready to act. (5.) You and I went home. (6.) To take away a man's life. (7.) The City of Melbourne. 7. Put the following into oratio obliqua introduced by Diceb.it: " Si illis plane orbatus ossein magnum tamen afferret mihi astas ipsa solatium, diutius cnini in hoc desidcrio esse non possum. Omnia autem brevia tolcrabilia esse debent, ctiam si magna sunt. 8. What constructions are employed after Nemo est quin, capax, rcum faccre ahquem, similis, dignus, damnare ? a 3 X EXAMINATION PAPERS, 9. Translate literally— Sic animis juvenum plurhna mortis imago. • 10. Parse cxegit, domlnata, inertia, limina, victis, relicti, additus, corpora. 11. Why is faucibus ablative 1 animis dative ? oxx>licet subjunctive? mortem accusative? 12. Give the meanings and the derivations of maostus, ineluctabilis, partus, hastia, surgo, agglomcro, passim, circumtcxtus. Or 9. Translate literally— Equidem non video, . . imitarcntur cum vittc modo atquc constantia. 10. Parse propius, noiniuanda, comxiagibus, denicrsus, sparsissc ccelcstium, La;li, audeam. 11. Wliy is sentiam subjunctive? operc ablative? tue- rentur imperf. subjunctive? corjiora accusative? 12. Give the meanings and thc derivations of uegotinin, cxcusarc, iuipeditus, navigo, rccrudcsco, collega, commendo, oratiuncula. MATRICULATION. XI ENGLISH. (PROFESSOR IRVING.) O. T., 1361. 1. What is the real irregularity in thc following plurals which to tho eye appear regular—paths, youths? 2. Mention six English verbs which employ two forms in the preterite tense. 3. " You shall go," " You will go." Explain clearly the difference in meaning between these two forms. 4. What do you.mean by the names Transitive and In transitive, as applied to verbs? Mention any verb which is used both as Transitive and as Intransitive. 5. When should an adjective follow its noun in Eng lish 1 G. Correct the following:— (1.) The conduct of your friend is attempted to lie shewn to have been dishonorable. (2.) All words which arc signs of conqilex ideas furnish matter of mistake. (3.) He asked me, who I spoke of. (4.) Thc child was overlain. (5.) Immediately consequent to tho victory, Drogheda was invested. 7. Supply the ellipse in— The book is longer than you thought. Xll EXAMINATION PAPERS, 8. " I did not xiass this examination." Tn this sentence in what different positions and with what varia tions in thc sense can you insert the word "only." 9. What is meant by a solecism? Give examples of this fault. 10. Distinguish — to wave, to waive; to wreck, to wreak; verity, veracity; poem, poetry ; to purpose, to propose; here, hither. 11. How is it,proved that the absolute case in English is thc nominative? 12. " Of two expressions, either of which may be. chosen, that which is strictly nnivocal is to lie X'i'efcrred." Explain this canon, and give examples of its appli- tion. F. T., 1S62. 1. What do you mean by the comparative and the su- X>erlative degrees of an adjective, and when is each to be employed. 2. ITosen, shoon are obsolete })lurals. Mention any formed like tlieni which are still used in English. 3. " Ready for choosing." This may have two mean ings. State them, and explain the ellipse in each case. 4. When do you call verbs Regular and when Irregular (or weak and strong). MATRICULATION. Xlll 5. Write out the following, correcting all the errors in spelling— Their blue threw the sitty fore two dais.a few- rius stawm of unpara-leld violens rendring itt unpleasant to moov owt of doros on a count of the dust and hetc. G. Correct thc grammatical errors of the following, and give a correct form of each:— (I.) He caught the words he was not meant to. (2.) You should have told me, instead of I you. (3.) The defences are unable to be completed. (1.) The work what was undertook to be did. (5.) Tho Georges were the four first kings of the House of Brunswick. (G.) A soon and prosperous issue. (7.) The lover got a woman of greater fortune than her he had missed. 7. What is meant by a Barbarism? Give instances of the fault. 8. What were prepositions and conjunctions originally? 9. What gives law to language ? 10. Distinguish—aught, ought; bound, boundeii; kill, murder; intense, intent; justice, justness; poem, poesy. 11. Give thc general rule for the employment of the auxiliaries shall and will. XIV EXAMINATION PAPERS, ARITHMETIC. (PROFESSOR WILSON.) 0. T., 1861. Five questions must be answered correctly to entitle a candidate to pass. 1. Calculate thc value of a ton of gold at £'3 17s. lOld. the ounce troy. One pound avoirdupois contains 7000 grains troy. 2. Six inches of wire weigh 37"4 grains ; calculate the weight of 100 miles of such wire. 3. In 400 years there are 97 leap years ; calculate the average length of a year. 35 53 4. Express — and —„ as decimal fractions, add them together and divide the sum by the latter. 5. Thc University enclosure is a square containing forty acres ; how many panels are there in thc fence, thc length of each panel being 8 feet 3 inches ? 6. The diameter of the earth is 792G miles, and of thc moon 2153 miles ; the distance of the moon from thc earth is 240,000 miles ; supposing the earth represented by a globe three feet in diameter, cal culate to three places of decimals the diameter of a globe which would represent thc moon and the distance at which it should be placed. 7. Shew that any number expressed decimally is mul tiplied by 1000 by removing the decimal point three places to the right. MATRICULATION. XV 8. Reduce to a single fraction in its lowest terms 3. J. I + « !» ' 12 la 27 I • 9. Reduce to its simplest form, n vTi 1 + 11 13 10. Find the square root of 14-4 to three places of decimals. ARITHMETIC. F. T., 1862. Five questions must be answered correctly to entitle a candidate to pass. 1. If the dress and arms of a soldier cost £5 7s. 5id., what will be the cost of dress and arms for a hundred and twenty thousand five hundred and three men ? 2. What would be the cost of excavating a reservoir three miles long, a mile and a quarter broad, and twenty feet deep, supposing a man to excavate one and a half cubic yards in a day and to receive six shillings for it ? 3. Two clocks are set to the same time ; one of them gains five seconds in two days, the other loses nine seconds a day; after how long will they again mark the same time ? XVI EXAMINATION PAPERS, 74 9' 4. Express — and—, as decimals, and divide their 1 10' 104 ' sum by their difference. 5. What will be the cost of digging a ditch round a square piece of land of ninety acres, at half-a-crown for each yard in length of it ? C. State the rule for simple subtraction. Explain the process called borrowing ten and paying it back again. What is really done in such a case 1 Show- that the result obtained is correct. 7. Reduce to a single fraction in its lowest terms 3 8 7 2 ]L !) + 3 — 12 + 20 "' 30 8. Reduce to its simplest form 17 15 21 — 28 2——+ — 12 42 9. Find the square root of 745'29. 29 Calculate thc value of ~ of 10. Calculate thc value of ~lo of £5 3s. 6d. to four places of decimals of al opound . ^? MATRICULATION. XVU ALGEBRA. (PROFESSOR WILSON.) 0. T., 1861. Five questions must be answered correctly to entitle a candidate to pass. 1. Explain the meaning of (a — b) c+d a — b xc-\-d 2 (a+bf 2a+b- and calculate their values when « = 24 6 = 4 c = 5 d-2 2. Shew that asa7=au 3. Reduce to its simplest form (ar + y"' + x + y-xy + 1) (.s + y-1) 4. Divide 32a4 + 54«63 - 8164 by 2« + 36 5. Reduce to a single fraction in its simplest form 3a—46 2a — 6 — c 15a-4c a—46 ~7 3 + 12 21~ 6. Reduce to its simplest form 7. Find x from the equation 5a-1 9.r-7 9.r-6 „ —-—+-ir=0 8. Find x from the equation x= 3x- -(i-X -r - • Z o xviii EXAMINATION PAPERS, 9. A travelled x miles in y hours; B travelled p miles in q hours; if A had travelled one mile an hour faster he would have travelled twice as fast as B : find the equation which expresses this final statement. 10. One rod is m times as long as another, and the dif ference between them is n times the shorter rod; find the equation between in and n. F. T., 1862. Five questions must be answered correctly to entitle a candidate to pass. 1. Explain the meaning of axb — c, ax(b — c), a — bxc — d, ah2, (2a6)s and calculate their values when a = 20, 6=5, c = 3, and d = 2. 2. Multiply together «3— a and 3a — a\ 3. Divide 21 x3 + 8y3 by 3x + 2y. 4. Reduce to its simplest form (*2-*+1)[p+i+1] 5. Reduce to its simplest form ax — x1 x* (a + xf ' a2 - x1 6. Reduce to a single fraction in its simjilest form a h Sab a^l~a+b+ b{a9 -b1) MATRICULATION. XIX 7. Find x from the equation 2z+3-^J? = 7(«-ll) 8. Find x from the equation x-2 2«-3 S.e-4 5x~G + - = —=— 9. A is x years older than B, and B is y years old. Ten years ago A was twice as old as B. Find the equation between x and y. 10. An iceberg is floating. — of it is above water and - m n of it under water. Find the equation between m and n. GEOMETRY. (PROFESSOR WILSON.) 0. T., 1861. Three propositions from the First Book and two from the Second Book must be written out correctly to entitle a Candidate to pass. Credit will not be given for any proposition in which algebraical symbols are used. 1. From a given point draw a straight line equal to a given straight line. XX EXAMINATION PAPERS, 2. If from the ends of one side of a triangle there be drawn two straight lines to a point within the tri angle these shall be together less than the other two sides of thc triangle but shall contain a greater angle. 3. If a straight lino fall upon two parallel straight lines it makes the alternate angles equal to one another. 4. Equal triangles upon the same base and upon the same side of it are between the same parallels. 5. The complements of parallelograms which are about the diameter of any parallelogram are equal to one another. G. On a given straight line describe a parallelogram which shall be equal to a given triangle and have one angle equal to a given angle. 7. If there be two straight lines one of which is divided into any number of parts the rectangle contained by the two straight lines is equal to the sum of the rectangles contained by the undivided line and the several parts of the divided line. 8. Divide a given straight line into two parts so that thc rectangle contained by tho whole and one of thc parts shall be equal to the square of tho other part. 9. In every triangle thc square of thc side subtending cither of the acute angles is less than the squares of the sides containing that angle by twice the rectangle contained by cither of these sides and thc straight line intercepted between the perpendicular let fall upon it from the opposite angle and the acute angle. MATRICULATION. 10. Describe a square that shall be equal to a given triangle. F. T.,1862. Three propositions from the First Book and two from the Second Book must be written out correctly to entitle a Candidate to pass. Credit will not be given for any proposition in which algebraical symbols arc used. 1. If two angles of a triangle are equal to one another the sides also which are opposite to the equal angles shall be equal to one another. 2. Shew how to bisect a given rectilineal angle. 3. If at a point in a straight line two other straight lines upon the opposite sides of it make tho adjacent angles together equal to two right angles these two straight lines shall be in one and thc same straight line. 4. If a side of any triangle be produced the exterior angle shall be equal to the two interior and remote angles and the three interior angles shall be together equal to two right angles. 5. Parallelograms upon the same base and between the same parallels are equal to one another. 6. If thc square described upon one of thc sides of a triangle be equal to the squares described upon thc other two sides of it the angle contained by these two sides shall be a right angle. XX11 EXAMINATION PAPERS, 7. If a straight line be divided into any two parts' the rectangles contained by the whole line and the two parts severally arc together equal to the square of the whole line. 8. If a straight line be divided into two equal and also into two unequal rjarts the rectangle contained by the unequal parts together with the square of the line between the points of section is equal to the square of half the line. 9. If a straight line be divided into any two parts, the squares of the whole line and of one of the parts are equal to twice the rectangle contained by the whole line and that part together with the square of thc other part. 10. In obtuse angled triangles if a perpendicular be drawn from either of the acute angles to the oppo site side produced the square of the side subtending the obtuse angle is greater than the squares of the sides containing that angle by twice the rectangle contained by the side upon which when produced the perpendicular falls and the straight line inter cepted without the triangle between the perpendi cular and the obtuse angle. MATRICULATION. XXlll HISTORY. (PROFESSOR HEARN.) O. T., 1861. Candidates may select any two of the following divisions. I. State the periods at which thc following persons re spectively lived, and the principal incidents in the public life of each of them 1. Aristomenes. 2. Harmodius. 3. Aristides. 4. Nicias. 5. Brasidas. 6. Lysander. II, State the respective dates of the following events, and the principal persons and circumstances con nected with each of them 1. The First Secession. 2. The Decemvirate. 3. The Capture of Rome by the Gauls. 4. The creation of the office of Praetor. 5. The Final Equalization of the Patricians and Plebeians. G. The Final Conquest of Italy. XXIV EXAMINATION PAPERS, III. State, with respect to each of the following battles, (a.) its date; (6.) the situation of the battle field; (c.) the combatants and the commanders on either side; (d.) thc causes of the war during which it was fought; 1. Evesham. 2. Halidown Hill. 3. Poitiers. 4. Siege of Orleans. 5. Bosworth. G. Worcester. F. T., 1862. Candidates may select any two of the following divisions. I. State, with respect to each of the following battles, (a.) its date; (6.) thc situation of thc battle field; (c.) the combatants and (where they are known) the commanders on either side; (d.) the causes of thc war during which itwasfought; 1. Thc Cynurian Plain. MATRICULATION. XXV 2. The Siege of Miletus. 3. Plata*. 4. Mycale. 5. (Enophyta. G. Thc Siege of Platan. II. State tho respective dates of the following events, and the principal persons and circumstances'con nected with each of them. 1. Thc expulsion of the Kings. 2. The league of the Romans with the Latins and the Hernicans. 3. The legalization of intermarriages between Patricians and Plebeians. 4. Thc disaster of thc Caudine Forks. 5. The offering of the Spolia Opima. G. The suppression of Illyriau Piracy. III. State the periods at which the following persons respectively lived, and the ruincipal incidents in the public life of each of them; 1. Thomas a'Bccket. 2. Simon de Montfort. • 3. Roger Bigocl. 4. Thomas Cromwell. 5. Sir Walter Raleigh. 6. Admiral Blake XXVI EXAMINATION PAPERS, PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. (PROFESSOR M'COY.) 0. T., 1861. 1. What are the characters of Continental Islands dis tinguishing them from any other group ? Give the latitude and longitude of examples of Continental Islands related to North America, South America, the Mediterranean, and Asia.. 2. Give approximately the boundaries of the Great Asiatic and European Arctic River-basin, and fix the points at which some of its principal rivers reach the ocean. 3. Into what oceans do the principal rivers of Europe N. Asia, E. Asia, and S. Africa, respectively run and what great physical feature mainly influences the two principal directions in which the chief rivers of Europe run? 4. What general laws have been ascertained relating to the direction, rate, origin, and variation of the Cy clones or Hurricanes of the Antilles, thc China Sea, and the Indian Ocean ? 5. Trace the principal flexures of the lines limiting tho regions in which snow falls at the sea level in both hemisxiheres, giving reasons for thc North and South deviations. G. Give the boundaries of thc zone of Periodical Rains, with the causes of their chief irregularities, and ex- plain how the rainy and dry seasons of India follow from exceptional causes, other than those regulating the same seasons elsewhere. MATRICULATION. XXVU (PROFESSOR M'COY.) F. T., 1802. 1. To what level do glaciers descend on the North and South sides of tho Himalaya respectively, and to what causes is the difference attributable ? 2. What are the electrical peculiarities of thc atmosphere in Thibet, from what conditions of the air do they follow, and what are the physical features which cause those effects ? 3. What neutral points in the sky do not polarise the light of the sun ? 4. Where arc the magnetic poles of the earth? 5. How many points of maximum magnetic intensity exist on the earth's surface, and where are they ? 6. Mention the more remarkable places near which the Isothermal line of 72° passes in July; and which Isothermal most nearly coincides with the Trojiic of Cancer in January ? 7. Mention some coasts at which the tide-wave produc ing high water at twelve o'clock in Tasmania would produce high water at the same hour next night and at the same hour next day. 8. At about what rate does the tide-wave travel in the Atlantic and the Southern Ocean ? i). Describe the position, extent, elevation, drainage, and other physical characters of the more important parts of the mountain system of Hindostan. 10. State approximately the elevation, size, and position of the principal lakes drained by the St. Lawrence. b2 XXViii EXAMINATION PAPERS, EXAMINATION FOR EXHIBITIONS AT MATRI CULATION.—FEBRUARY TERM, 1SG2. GREEK. (PROFESSOR IRVING.) ARNOLD, Greek Prose Composition. EURIPIDES, Hecuba. XENOPDON, Anabasis, iv., v., vi. 1. Translate carefully— Aia.Ttopovp.tvij) 8E avT(3 . jLt'>?T£) £' atpotKro, u.TtoSi)(tcrOai. 2. Translate carefully— 7) rioXXaSos iv TTOXEI ; . . dXXtt£ao-' "AtSa OaXdpovs. 3. Give the meanings and the derivations of dvairv£So-at, Iva-yKuXSiTES, ei'dip-ordp^iis, to-o^€tXijs, VEOixdpos, tvrptTtr]';, 0£oTrt(pSds, dprt/xa&js. 4. Point out, explain, and illustrate the rjeculiarity of form in EtXr^a, TttpLppvrjvai, TtpocrayayiLv, Oavovpai, avwopacrra, oipiOptTtrav, 5. Give thc rules of the ordinary Iambic meter of the Hecuba. G. What is the fundamental notion of the genitive ? Trace it in its various uses after classes of verbs. 7. What arc the xieculiar idiomatic .uses of Xav9dvo>, 0aVtD, OVSEI'S OOTTIS, SEI^, avroSt MATRICULATION :—EXHIBITIONS. xxix 8. Put into Greek the following sentences— (1.) It being no longer permitted us to choose whether wo will have peace or war, we must-take-in-hand the war with all the strength that we have. (2.) He said that whosoever should transgress the laws which the citizens had enacted, whether small or great, should be punished to death. (3.) Know that being selfish is the greatest evil. (4.) All who come from their native land to a colony (dTrotKta), come on thc condition that they are to be on-an-equal-footing with those who have come before. (5.) Repenting things ill done, and acting rightly, is better by far than sitting down and weejjing. (G.) One might conjecture from thc blood on the road, beside thc dead man that the murderer himself had had a narrow escape from death. XXX EXAMINATION PAPERS, LATIN. •;- (PROFESSOR IRVING.) ARNOLD, Latin Prose Composition. VIRGIL, /Eneid, I & II. CICERO, de Senectute and Letters. 1. Translate carefully— TULLIUS ET CICERO ET QQ. S. P. D. TIRONI HUMANISS. ET OPT. 1. Vide, quanta sit in to suavitas . . . Leucade proficiscons, vn. Idus Novembr. 2. Translate carefully— His ego nee metas rerum ...... fremet horridus ore cmento. 3. Translate into Latin— Since the matter stands thus, there can be hardly any doubt that these two states, which have already contended a long time for empire, will soon ratify a treaty. And it is to be hoped that this will be a lasting peace, for if neighbouring states were willing to consult their own interests they would sec that by mutually assisting each other, each would grow rich and prosperous. His debts increase daily: he will soon be insolvent, and will be deprived of his paternal estate; nor does he deserve to be pitied by us, for he has made a bad use of everything, wealth, nobility, and power. I do not care a straw for your opinion. I have determined to get a contract for building a house, much larger and more splendid than that which I now inhabit. I hope that it will not cost me more than ten thousand pounds. MATRICULATION :—EXHIBITIONS. XXxi Derive fully the following words—numen, sator conticesco, utiuam, claustrum, judex, oblectamenta, villa, insipienter, auctoritas. ENGLISH. (PROFESSOR IRVING.) F. T., 1SC2. [In valuing this paper special regard will be had to the clearness of the writing, and the style as- well as the correctness of the answers.] 1. Write a clear and concise account of— The expulsion of the Peisistratida?, The overthrow of the second Dccemviratc, Or, The dethronement of Richard II: 2. Write down six famihar quotations from English . poetry, giving the author and the work from which each is taken. 3. Trace the following common words to their roots, and show how they have acquired their present meaning— Gentleman, School, Detest, Engine, Physician, Street. 4. A recent English historian speaks of the lines of Torres Vedras as "works of which the cuttings " of miles of railroad in a mountainous country " can furnish but an imperfect idea of their colossal " x>roportions." Is this sentence incorrect or only awkward ? Explain your answer and give the sentence iu an amended form. \ XXX11 .EXAMINATION PAPERS, 5. An English poet has the following— " all that srjirits pure and ardent "Arc cast out of love and reverence because chancing not to hold." What do you take this to mean ? Is the form of expression selected incorrect or only awkward ? G. " Thc question is, were not thc unreflecting multitude right 1 " Do you consider this construction right or wrong ? Give reasons for your answer. GEOMETRY. (PROFESSOR WILSON.) Credit will not be given for any proposition in which algebraical symbols are used. .1. Define an angle ; equal angles : a right angle : an acute-angled triangle: an obtuse-angled triangle : parallel straight lines: a parallelogram: a gnomon. 2. Show that the exterior angles made by producing the sides of any polygon are together equal to four right "angles. Is this stated precisely? If not state it precisely. 3. Show that any two angles of a triangle arc together less than two right angles. What is the converse of this proposition ? Show that through thc same point there cannot be drawn two straight hues parallel to the same straight lino. MATRICULATION :—EXHIBITIONS. XXX111 4. Show that if Hhe opposite angles of a quadrilateral figure are equal to one another thc figure is a parallelogram. 5. Show that if two triangles have two sides of the ono equal to two sides of the other each to each and an angle opposite to one of these sides in one equal to the angle opposite to the side equal to it in the other and if any one angle of each triangle be a right angle the triangles are equal in all respects. If it be not given that one angle is a right angle what alternative is admissible ? C. Show how to a given straight line to apply a rectangle equal to a given rectilineal figure. 7. If from the vertex-of a triangle a straight line be drawn perpendicular to the base thc difference of the squares on thc sides of thc triangle is equal to the difference of the squares on the segments of the base. 8. Show that the perpendicular is the shortest line which can be drawn from any point to a straight line and that of all other lines which can be so drawn one nearer to the perpendicular is shorter than one more remote. 9. Show that the squares described on the diagonals of any parallelogram are equal to the squares on the four sides. b3 XXXIV EXAMINATION PAPERS, ALGEBRA. (PROFESSOR WILSON.) 1. Explain and distinguish the words—sum, product, quotient, term, factor, root, index, power, as used in Algebra. 2. Show in what cases a + y is a factor of xn + yn. 3. If a is divided by 6 with remainder c show that all - the common factors of 6 and c are identical with those of a and 6. 4. If s = h{a +b + c) show that 2 2 Ca-+b-—c-' a +b"—c- 1"I *_ <4.s( s — «) (s - V) (s — c) I 2«6 J "' a-b- 5. Show that the same number cannot be added to the numerator and the denominator of a fraction or subtracted from them without altering the value of the fraction except in the case when the fraction is originally unity. C. Reduce to its simplest form 2a3—3irx+7ax2—3x3 7. Show how to find thc vulgar fraction equivalent to a recurring decimal. 8. Find x from the equation 7 3 8 _ 24 8 2ir5x+3x"Ux~i5 MATRICULATION I—EXHIBITIONS. XXXV 9. Find x and y from thc equation v 1 0-3« + 7-05y = 23001 ' - a -0004 10. Find at what times between ten and eleven the two hands of a clock will be at right angles to one another. 11, Show that the difference of the squares of any two consecutive numbers is equal to the sum of the two numbers. HISTORY. (PROFESSOR- HEARN.) F. T., 1862. I.—1. What circumstances led to the expulsion of tho Alcma!onid£e from Athens ? 2. («.) Describe the political condition of Attica at the time of Solon's legislation. (6.) What was the distinguishing feature of Solon's Constitution 1 (c.) What new body did he call into existence ? . 3, {a.) Explain thc object of the institution known as Ostracism. (6.) To whom is it generally ascribed ? (c.) On what grounds has it been contended that this institution was practically beneficial ? XXXVI EXAMINATION PAPERS, 4. What important change did the Persian invasion pro duce in the relations of the Greek cities ? 5. (a.) What were the causes of tho war between ^Egina and Athens ? (6.) How was that war important ? (c.) Who were the leading citizens of Athens at that time? 6. («.) What was the first occasion in which Cleon appears prominently in Athenian public affairs ? (6.) Give some account of this transaction. (e.) Mention some of Cleou's immediate predecessors as popular leaders. II.—1. (a.) What is the intrinsic value, if any, of the legendary traditions of the Roman people ? (6.) What historical facts, if any, as to the state of Regal Rome are connected with these tra ditions ? 2. (a.) When and in what circumstances was the Censorshirj established ? (6.) Describe the duties of the Censors. 3. Explain the position in which the Roman Govern ment stood at the conclusion of the first Samnite war— (a.) To the Army. (6.) To the Plebeians. (e.) To the people of Latium. MATRICULATION :—EXHIBITIONS. XXXvii 4. (a.) When did the epithet "poor" cease to be appli cable to the Plebeians as a class ? (6.) State tho principal causes of this change in the condition of the Plebeians. 5. (a.) In what did the burthens of thc Municipal Towns "consist ? (6.) In what their privileges ? 6. (a.) How did the Colonies secure the supremacy of Rome in Italy ? (6.) What were the rights and privileges of the Latin Colonies ? III.—1. When was the legal equality of all English freemen below the rank of the peerage completely established ? 2. At what time and in what circumstances did the friendly relations which for many years subsisted between France and Scotland arise 1 3. At what time and in what circumstances did Elizabeth accept the protectorate of the Netherlands ? 4. When and on what pretence was the order of Baronetcy created ? 5. Give some account of thc "decimation" of the Royalists by Cromwell, and of the means by which this measure was carried into effect. 6. In the times of the Stuarts what means, if any, existed for the expression of public opinion ? XXXVU1 EXAMINATION PAPERS, PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. (PROFESSOR M'COY.) 1. State distinctly thc two different senses in which the term " magnetic poles" of the earth is used by writers on terrestrial magnetism; as, for instance, by Gauss and by Hallcy. 2. Name, and briefly define, the three elements used in the construction of magnetic charts. 3. State the reasons which you think may account for each of the marked differences between the North ern and Southern boundaries of the zone of periodic rains. 4. Why do the dry and rainy seasons of India not follow the ordinary rule as to the position of the sun of other places in the zone of periodic rains ? State the times of the succession of the rainy and the dry seasons in the principal districts of India, com mencing with the vernal equinox. 5. Explain what is understood by the " thermic anom aly" of Dove, and give some examines of "thermic isabnormals," and show that they may in some cases coincide with isothermals. G, What are the general conditions influencing the formation of salt lakes in various parts of the world ? FIRST- ORDINARY EXAMINATION. FIRST ORDINARY EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREES OF B.A. AND L.L.B. GREEK. (PROFESSOR IRVING.) 0. T., 1861. DEMOSTHENES, Olynthiac Orations. HOMER, Iliad, Books i.—iv. [N.B.—In parsing a verb give its tense, mood, and voice; its present, future, perfect, and second aorist active, and perfect passive, if these tenses arc in use ; if not, then thc present, future, and perfect employed by it.] 1. Translate literally— (a.) 'EtTtl TtoXXZv p.iv dv Tts IStiv, • crvppd^wv Tt /cat naipS>v. Or (h.) Oixj, Tavru, Trapt'oTarat poi . TtoiticrOaL Xdyi 2. Translate literally— (a.) Trjv 8e piy d^^i;o-as .... . TO yap Xd\op.tv yEpas yptis. Or (6.) uXX' OTE 8i; Tpditacnv . • . . . d'yawd/xtO' «T8os iSovTfS, xl EXAMINATION PAPERS,- 3. Draw an outline map of Macedonia and Chalcidice, marking the position of Olynthus, Pydna, Mcthoue, the Pffionians, Amphipolis; or of Peloponnesus, marking that of Epidaurus, Pylus, Tegea, Sparta, Mycenae. 4. Parse fully the following verbs, i F. T., 1862. 1. Translate literally— 06 /JLTJV ov8' tKtivo y ipuM ih\v dp0uls 7rot?;rf. Ot 8E 6to\ Trap Ttfjvi. T&Xivrjv Msi'E'Xaos dyovto. 2. Draw a map of the coasts of thc ^Ggcan, marking Troy, Amphipolis, Athens, Lemnos, Crete. 3. Parse fully the following TtpocrnvSa, £yy£ydao-ti', iixpv, EO-raoTES, Tapd£n : iyi'WKores, £t]p.LwOrjvaL, Ttapo£vvti, dvyXdiKapev, dTtaXXayivrts. 4. What is the peculiarity iu the form of hwya-tai, yovvdcrop.ai, cHjs, iprrrvcracrKe, dyKvXop,7jr£o), iorpaTooiVTO • ^pyddai, r)l3ovX6pt9a, TtaptwaOai, a>L ? 5. Give the meanings and the derivations of x@l£"-> TtpofiXrp-L, dyrjpwv, rpi)(9d, Ttrrye.VLp.dXXw : dftOTTtoros, tpiXoTtpaypoavvi], Bavp.aroTtOLwv, acrp;a, cr^sSdi'. C. Point out any lines in the second extract in which the digamma is necessary, and explain why it is so. 7. Explain from Jelf the construction iu the following— (1.) TXtaTOpirj vrjt. (2.) EXEEIVU rtrpLywra'S. (3.) I^sa dyaXXopiEfat. (4.) p.v$ov aKoi'o-as. (5.) «)S yvS> ^wo/AEi'oto. xlii EXAMINATION PAPERS, (G.) £tK£r£ xappys 'ApyEtots. (7.) iyvwKu)1; «rrat. (8.) OVTOIS tir/Orji OOTIS dyvott. (9.) TWV alct)(pwv tern. (10.) (TKHTttLfrOl OTtWS p,r) ipovcri, (11.) OVK ULV yvw^XtL rjpHv. (12.) f^tUTW vp!iv ytvitjQai eih'aip.oa-LV. LATIN. (PROFESSOR IRVING.) 0. T., 1861. LIVY, Books IV., V., VI. TERENCE, Adelphi and Andria. MADVIG, Latin Grammar. 1. Translate literally— («.) Gcmicius, morte honesta temeritatem luens, . si jirocurata prodigia esscut. Or (6.) Coniecto in carcerem Manlio . . linguam et amnios liberaverat homiiium. 2. Translate literally— (a.) CR. Quid Glycerium ? dcspoliarc non licet. Or (6.) Hie suam-sempcr egit vitam mortem exspectant • scilicet. FIRST ORDINARY EXAMINATION. xliii 3. Draw a map of Latium, showing the position of the Volsci, the iEqui, and the Hernici; and of these towns, Tusculum, Antium, Ardea, Satricum, Alba, Aricia, and of Mount Algidus. , 4. In what year and by whom was Veil taken ? 5. What was the Rogatio of Canuleius, and in what year was it passed ? G. Give the meaning and the derivation of colluvio, nuntius, plebiscitum, iunoxius, addictus, sacrilegus, prorsus, patrisso. 7. Give the meaning of receptui cani, malum militibus minari, prajdam publican, apicera dialcm cuilibet imponere, verba alicui dare, lectulos in sole faci- undos dare, quadrupedem constringere, ex ephebis excedere. 8. When are nouns called common ? when epicene ? and when undefined (incerta) ? Give three instances of each class. 9. Give thc meanings of the following nouns in the sin gular and in the plural—?os, ars, sol, rostrum, hortus, liber. 10. Give the principal parts of stringo, pergo, lavo, tergco, defendo, pungo, lino, repcrio, fateor, paciscor. 11. What are the irregularities in the conjugation of fero, edo, volo ? 12. In the following examples from Livy what would the uses of the oblique cases be styled by Mad- vig 1— (1.) Hajc omnia celeritate ingenti acta. (2.) Tribuni militum consular! potestate. xliv EXAMINATION PAPERS, (3.) Rex Veicntum gravis genti fuerat opibus supcrbiaque. (4.) Momento temporis dcjccti sunt muris. 13. What would be the more correct form of each of the following 1— (1.) Jovis epulum num. alibi quam in Capito- lio fieri potest ? (2.) Hand dubium est, quin Chromes tibi non dat gnatam. (3.) Pcrficietur bcllum si nrgemus obsessos. (4.) Locum quern communircnt capiunt. 14. What view is taken of an action when it is described in the imperfect, the pluperfect, the futurum exactum ? F. T., 1862. 1. Translate literally— Nempe hoc sic esse opinor interea aliquid accident boni. Tribunorum plcbis actioncs . . . . ; Romam pcrfugere. 2. Give the geographical position of Vcii, Andros, Clusium, Verona. 3. What account does Livy give of the coming of the Gauls into Italy ? 4. Give a brief sketch of the history of Camillus. FIRST ORDINARY EXAMINATION. xlv 5. Give the meanings and the derivations of tibicina, dirimo, discrimen, collega, venustus, prudcns, obsecro, psaltria. C. Explain lupus in fabula, tegula publice prcebita est, fratri sedes fient perviob, vidi Cantharam suffarcina- tam, paucis te volo, jura gentium, domi militiroquc, oera multibus constituta. 7. What classes of words in Latin are, without reference to the termination, known to be neuter ? 8. Mention six nouns used in the plural only, with their meanings. . 9. Give the principal parts of veto, censeo, soleo, cingo, mcto, nosco, fugio, sapio,reor, texo. 10. What is' meant by an impersonal verb ? Mention four. 11. Mention six adjectives which have assumed the force of independent substantives. • 12. How are the Latin supines and gerunds employed ? 13. What verbs are commonly omitted in Latin ? ENGLISH AND LOGIC, PART I. (PROFESSOR IRVING.) 0. T., 1861. 1, What does Latham mean by an unstable combination of sounds ? Give two instances. Xlvi EXAMINATION PAPERS, 2. Two characters used in the Anglo-Saxon alphabet are lost in English. What are these, and what the sounds represented by them 1 Show that the sounds are to be found in English. 3. Give Latham's rule for the relation borne to each other by the two parts of a true compound. Cite four examples in sux>port of the rule, and two apparent exceptions. 4. What classes of derivations are formed by thc follow ing suffixes : -er, -en, -ing, -ock ? Give examples; 5. Decline throughout thc Anglo-Saxon pronoun so, seo, thset, and show what parts of it are retained in English, and how they are emx>loyed. 6. Explain these forms—yclad, worse, did, and the double form in sang and sung. 7. What figures arc exemplified in the following— (1.) He flung his whole soul into the cause, and his massive form into the saddle. (2.) If thou thou'st him twice or thrice. (3.) To bo or not to be, that is the question. (4.) Set it down in black and white. 8. At what periods, and in what ways, were Latin words brought into use in England 1 Give examples of each period. 9. When did English supplant French—(1.) In school teaching; (2.) In trials; (3.) In statutes? 10. Give Craik's distribution of the Indo-European • languages, distinguishing the dead from thc living languages. 11. Explain how language abbreviates thinking. FIRST ORDINARY EXAMINATION. xlvii 12. Give the contradictory and the converse of the proposition—Some trees, are fruitbearing, and the subaltern and .every possible converse of All men are lovers of justice. 13. Write down examples of a pair of Relatives, an Abstract noun, a Common noun, a Negative noun. 14. Divide Proposition according to substance, to quality of the Expression and to quantity. 15. Give examples of Definitions obtained in the six ways enumerated by Thomson. 1G. Construct a scheme of classification of not less than four stages. Point out in it (1.) a differentia, (2.) co-ordinate species, (3.) a subaltern genus, (4.) an infima species. 17. Explain thc terms Abstraction and Generalization. F. T., 1862. 1. What is the account given by Latham of the sounds represented by y, w, ng ? 2. How is quantity estimated in Latin and-in English 1 3. Give and explain Latham's definition of a compound. 4. What kind of adjectives are formed by the termina tions -y, -ish, -en, -ly ? 5. From what parts of what Anglo-Saxon pronouns is the 3rd personal rirououn now in use formed ? C. Explain these forms—hight, children, last, better. xlviii EXAMINATION PAPERS, 7. What figures are exemplified in:— • (1.) For the rain it raineth every day. (2.) The chaste,- the fair, the unexprcssive She. (3.) Blue and yellow make green. (4.) If I am prudent you have not enough. 8. When did the Danes invade England, and in what parts of the island has their language had most influence ? 9. What were the Languc d'Oc and the Langue d'Oyl?, Why so called ? And when was each introduced to England ? 10. Enumerate the living Celtic languages. 11. 'If man is rational man is responsible.' What kind of proposition is this ? How do Whatcly and Thomson respectively reduce it ? 12. Give a genus, a species, and a property of the term ' House.' 13. Enumerate the various kinds of conversion given by Whately, with examples. 14. 'Language is analytic, Art synthetic' Explain briefly what is meant by this. 15. To what" class of nouns is thc term abstract usually applied ? On what ground may exception be taken to this usage ? 1G. Thc same notion may be spoken of as a Logical and as a Metaphysical whole. Explain this. 17. How arc singular propositions dealt with in Logic, and why ? FIRST ORDINARY EXAMINATION. xlix GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY. (PROFESSOR WILSON.) 0. T.,1861. Eight questions must be answered correctly to entitle a candidate to })ass. Credit will not be given for • any proposition from Euclid in which algebraical symbols are used. 1. Show that if two straight lines be drawn from the ends of one side of a triangle to any point within the triangle these two straight lines will be together less than the other two sides of the triangle but will contain a greater angle. 2. If a straight line be divided into two equal parts .and also into two unequal parts show that the squares of the two unequal parts are together double of the squares of half thc line and the line between the points of section. 3. Show that the straight line drawn at right angles to the diameter of a circle from the extremity of it does not meet the circle iu any other point. 4. Show that thc opposite angles of any quadrilateral figure inscribed in a circle arc together equal to two. right angles. 5. Show that the angle in a semicircle is a right angle and that the angle in a segment of a circle greater than a semicircle is less than a right angle. 6. Show how to describe an isosceles triangle having each of the angles at the base double of the third angle. 1 EXAMINATION PAPERS, 7. Show that if thc sides of two triangles about each of their angles arc proportionals thc triangles will bo equiangular and those angles will be equal which are opposite to tho homologous sides. 8. Show that in any right-angled triangle any rectilineal » figure described on the side opriosite to the right angle is equal to thc sura of two similar rectilineal figures similarly described on thc sides containing the right angle. 9. Show that if- two straight lines which meet one another be parallel to two other straight linos which meet one another and arc not in the same plane with the fust two thc x>la-uc passing through the ono pair is parallel to thc plane passing through the other pair. 10. Show that if two straight lines bo cut by parallel planes they shall be cut in tho same ratio. 11. On a given straight lino as base describe an isosceles triangle having each of the angles at thc base ono quarter of the third angle. 12. The two shorter sides of a right-angled triangle drawn on a horizontal plane are a and 6 and at the angles vertical posts are erected whose heights arc /, g and h ; calculate the lengths of the lines joining their summits. 13. Calculate the angle subtended by a target six feet high at the distance of two hundred yards in degrees minutes and seconds. 14. Define the cosine of an angle and show that it is negative when thc angle is greater than one right angle and less than two. FIRST ORDINARY EXAMINATION. Jl lo. Sin •.4=0-0. Calculate cos — and explain why there are two values. -• IG. A. circle is described whose radius is a quarter of a mile : calculate the distance of the middle point of a chord a hundred feet long from the middle xioint of the corresponding arc. 17. Find an expression for the area of a triangle in terms of any two sides and the included angle. 18. Tho sides of a triangle are 937-5, 842-5 and 788-5 links-; calculate its angles and its area. 19. At what height must the lamp of a lighthouse be placed that it may be just visible forty miles off from the deck of a ship ten feet above the water. 20. Find an expression for the area of a regular polygon of n sides inscribed in a circle whose radius is a : and deduce the area of the circle. 21. Find thc cxjircssion for the radius of a circle circum scribed about a given triangle. 22. Show that the same column of differences will he sufficient for thc Log-secants and the Log-cosines. F. T., 1802. Eight questions must be answered correctly to entitle a candidate to pass. Credit will not be given for any proposition from Eiiclid in which algebraical-symbols arc used. c 3 Hi EXAMINATION PAPERS, 1. Show that any two sides of a triangle are together greater than the third side. 2. Show that if a straight line be divided into any two parts thc rectangle contained by the two parts together with the square of one of them is equal to the rectangle contained by the whole and that one. 3. Show that if two straight lines in a circle wluch do not both pass through the centre cut one another they do not bisect one another. 4. Show that equal straight lines iu a circle are equally distant from the centre. 5. Upon a given straight line describe a segment of a circle wliich shall contain an angle equal to a given angle. G. Inscribe an equilateral and equiangular pentagon in a given circle. 7. Show that if two sides of any triangle be cut proportionally the straight line which joins the points of section will be parallel to the tliird side of the triangle. 8. Show that equiangular parallelograms have to one another thc ratio compounded of the ratios of their sides. 9. Show that if three straight lines meet all in one point and a straight line stands at right angles to each of them in that point these three straight lines shall be in one plane. 10. Show how to draw a straight line perpendicular to a given plane from a given point above it. FIRST ORDINARY EXAMINATION. liii 11. Show that if two equal straight lines contain an angle equal to two-thirds of two right angles the diagonal through that angle of the parallelogram described on them will be equal to either of them. 12. Show that if the surface of a sphere be cut by a X>lane thc section will be a circle. 13. At what distance must a shilling whose diameter is eleven-twelfths of an iuch be x>laced that it may just cover the sun whose angular diameter is 30 minutes ? 14. Define the versed sine of an angle and trace its changes in magnitude as thc angle increases from 0° to 180°. A 15. Tan ..-1=0'9. Calculate sin A and tan -. 2 16. The front of a number of houses built in a crescent is an arc of a circle whose chord is 500 feet and the perpendicular distance of the middle point of the chord from the crescent is 100 feet calculate thc radius of thc circle. 17. Show that in any triangle the sines of the angles are to one another in the same ratios as the sides opposite to them. 18. Two sides of a triangle are 1437 and 2985 links and the angle included by them is 57° find the other angles of thc triangle. 19. At what height must the lamp of a lighthouse be placed that it may be' just visible thirty miles off from thc deck of a ship twelve feet above the water 1 Uv EXAMINATION PAPERS, 20. Find thc length of the side of a regular octagon circumscribed about a circle whose radius is fifteen feet. 21. Explain tho several steps in finding the log. cosine of an angle which lies between two registered in the tables. 22. Calculate J3 cos 31° 45' 20". ALGEBRA. (PROFESSOR WILSON.) 0. T., 1861. Eight qucstiona must be ansivcred correctly to entitle a candidate to j>ass. 1. Reduce to its simjdest form (•* + !/)'- x~ - f {x + yf-x*-,/ 2. Reduce to its simplest form , f l^f i flz^l f i+ _f_l Ll+yJ [x + x2 J I 1 — x} 3.. Reduce to its simplest form 3 + 2;« 2-3x- 16.r-.rr 2 + x - + x-—i 4. Find thc square root of a w x- a •r +-!.+ -+ -. — ax - 2 4 x- a- . X FIRST ORDINARY EXAMINATION. Iv 5. A straight hue is divided into two parts so that thc rectangle contained by the whole line and one of the parts is equal to six times thc square of the other part : find thc ratio of the two parts. a c TC c , ,, , 2a — 6 2c - d 6. If r = - show that — = -• b d a — Zbc- 2d 7. Find x from the equation x x X x 1 3_4+G = 8+il 8. Find ;>; from thc equation ?_•!:-., x 3 " 9. Find x and y from thc equations 3K —5 y „ 2x + y x-2i/ x II -2-+3=~ 8-V = 5 + 3 10. Thc resistance of a wire to the passage of an electric current varies directly as its length and inversely as the area of its section : the area of a circle varies as the square of its diameter : find how much wire one-hundredth of an inch iu diameter will offer the same resistance as a mile of wire a quarter of an inch iu diameter. 11. A cask contains a mixture of 12 gallons of wine and 18 gallons of water, and another cask contains a mixture of 9 gallons of wine and 3 gallons of water; how many gallons must be drawn from each so as to produce a mixture containing 7 gallons of wine and 7 gallons of water. Ivi EXAMINATION PAPERS, ' 12. The velocity with which water flows from an orifice varies as thc square root of its depth below the surface, and the quantity which flows out in a given time varies as the area of the orifice and thc velocity jointly ; find what must be the side of a square orifice at the depth of sixteen feet, in order that the same quantity of water may flow from it as from an orifice half an inch deep and two inches broad at a depth of one foot. • 13. When a body floats in a liquid the volume of thc part immersed varies directly as the specific gravity of the floating body and inversely as that of the liquid : when the specific gravities are equal tho whole solid is immersed : find to what depth a six inch cube of iron whose specific gravity is 7-844 will sink in mercury whose specific gravity is 13568. ] 4. Find an expression for thc number of permutations of n things taken r together. 15. How many different ministries consisting of nine men, two of whom must be lawyers, can be formed out of eighteen members of whom four are lawyers; no regard being had to political consistency. 16. Investigate an expression for the sum of n terms of a series of quantities iu Arithmetical progression. 17. Find the sum of n + 1 terms of the series x" + xn'hj + xn--yn- +, &c. 18. Show that in the equation on2 —ax + b = 0 a is the sum of the roots and h the product. FIRST ORDINARY EXAMINATION. Ivii F. T., 1802, Eight questions must be answered correctly to entitle a, candidate to pass. 1. Reduce to a single fraction in its simplest form 5 1 24_ 2(.r+lj 10(.r-l) 5(2*+3) 2. Reduce to its simplest form x1 • i — V- + X X 1 1 —— - + X- r y 3. Find the lowest common multiple of 3x2 - 5x+2 and 4x* - ix2 - x + 1. 4. Find the equare root of ixi -" + I llin x + 6- + 0 a- x 5. A can run six miles while B is running five ; at what point between two stations a mile apart must a post bo placed that A from his end may run to it and back again while B from his end is running to it ? G. Show that when -=- = -; each of these fractions is b d j a + c+e equal to -—-—- 1 b+d+f 7. Find x from the equation 0-3 (0-78s - 5-1) - 2-3« (9-7 - 0003) = C-301K. c 3 Iviii EXAMINATION PAPERS, 8. Find x from thc equation (2.K - 3)'= 8,r. 9. Find x and y from tho equations 5-9iK + 7-01y = 21-79 0-007*'= 3-09^. 10. The weight which a rectangular beam will bear without breaking varies directly as its breadth and as the square of its depth and inversely as its length : what must be thc depth of a beam twenty- five feet long wliich will just bear double the weight which another beam half thc breadth sixteen feet long and eight inches deep will bear. 11. When a body floats in a liquid the volume of the jiart immersed varies directly as tho specific gravity of the floating body and inversely as that of thc liquid : when the specific gravities are equal the whole solid is immersed : find to what depth a twelve inch cube of pine whose specific gravity is 0'72 will sink in water whose specific gravity is 1. 12. Find an expression for the number of permutations of n things taken r together. 13. There arc fourtoon subjects which may be taken at the- second ordinary examination in live of which the Candidate must pass : in how many different ways can he select his five subjects ? 14. Find an expression for the limit of thc sum of a scries of quantities decreasing in geometrical pro gression. 15. Find thc sum of tliirty terms of the series 4+11 + 18+... 1C. Find a vulgar fraction equal to tho recurring decimal 39-3939.... FIRST ORDINARY EXAMINATION. Hx 17. Find the relation between a and 6 that thc two roots of the equation x2 + ax + 6 = 0 may be equal to one another. CHEMISTRY AND M1NRKALOCY. (iMtOFKSSOR M'COY.) 0. T., 1301. 1. What arc thc tests, both in thc dry and wet way, for distinguishing potash from soda ? 2. What are the chief chemical characters of Fluorine ? 3. Give the arguments used in support of the three different views held by chemists as to thc composition of Silica ? 4. Give tho chief chemical and physical characters of the Mineral Tiucal. 5. In a hexagonal prism of Quartz terminated at each end by a six-sided pyramid what arc the relations of the faces to the lihombohedron ? C. Define thc tiiclinic or anorthic system of Crystals and mention the most striking peculiarity of form distinguishing such crystals to the eye. 7. Give the characters of C2 IP and show its general relations to the Alcohols and Ethers. Ix EXAMINATION PAPERS, 8. What arc the gaseous liquid and solid results of the destructive distillation of Coal ? 9. Describe thc Electrolysis of Oxygen Salts by weak and strong currents respectively. 10. Write a list of the Metalloids in the order of their electro-chemical powers. 11. Define all the fundamental forms of Crystals, F. T, 1802. 1. What systems of crystals refract light doubly ? 2. If you had to determine by polarized light whether a transparent slice of a crystalline mineral belonged to the llhombohcdral, thc Cubic or the Pyramidal (or dimctric) system what appearances would you expect in each case ? 3. In pyroelectric prismatic minerals which are the " analogous " and which the antilogous poles ? 4. Give an example of the formula for ascertaining thc specific gravity of solids taking any hypothetical or real case and giving the various weights and calculations in full. 5. Mention some of the protoxide isomorphons or plesio- morphous bases replacing Iron in minerals. Give also some of the sesquioxide groux> and state the nature of thc law of Isomorphism or Plcsio- morphism. C. Mention some examples in the mineral kingdom of Dimorphism and of Trimorphism and explain what is meant by those terms. FIRST ORDINARY EXAMINATION. Ixi 7. If planes be developed on the edges of a cube drawn from the end of one scmiaxis parallel to a second and cutting thc third at a distance n greater than ' what crystalline form would be produced, what would be the ratio of the parameters, and what would be its general symbol, and what its most common actual symbol according to the notation of Weiss or Naumann ? 8. If the specific gravity of Chlorine be 2-47 and its equivalent weight 35'5 what will its equivalent volume be ? And if the equivalent volume of Oxygen be 7 what will its equivalent weight and specific gravity be ?. 9. Write with symbols the result of heating a mixture of Muriatic Acid and Chlorate of Potash to 212° F. and state the chief chemical and physical characters of the resulting gas. 10. Write down in symbols the chemical reaction which takes place when Chlorine is passed through a solution of Ammonia and give thc chief chemical and physical characters of the resulting gas. 11. Name a few substances (1) not precipitated, (2) precipitated as Oxides, and (3) precipitated as Sulphides on the addition of Hydrosulphide of Ammonia to then' solutions. Ixii EXAMINATION PAPERS, ANCIENT HISTORY'. (PROFESSOR HEARN.) 0. T., 1801. 1. («.) In what way'was thc war with Jugnrtlia connected with the constitutional history of Rome 1 (6.) Who was Jugnrtlia, and at what time did he live ? (c.) Show how his connection with Rome commenced ? (<:/.) Mention thc several Roman Generals who com manded against 1dm. 2. (a.) For what period of Roman History is Polybins an authority ? (6.) Of what country was ho a native, and at what time did he live ? (c.) In what circumstances did he come to Home ? {d.) With what eminent Romans was he connected ? (c.) What services did lie render to his native country? 3. Describe the dangerous classes at Rome after the Government of Sulla. 4. (a.) How long after the resignation of Snlla was thc First Consulate of Pompeius and Crassus 1 (6.) How was this Consulate a violation of Sulla's laws? (c.) Why then was it conferred ? ('/.) In what wars had Pompeius and Crassus been previously engaged ? FIRST ORDINARY EXAMINATION. Ixiii 5. We "find the first Emperor of Rome at different times of his life called Octavius, Oetavianus, Augustus. (a.) State exactly his original name. (6.) State exactly thc name he subsequently assumed, and thc cause of suchassumption. (c.) Describe the system of personal nomen clature used by the Romans. 6. Enumerate the principal sources of Roman Revenue. 7. ('./.) What is included in thc expression Corpus Juris cio'dis ? (6.) At what time and by what persons was the Corpus juris prepared ? (c.) From what sources was it compiled ? 8. Who were the five great Roman jurists, and at what time did they severally live ? 9. At what time and in what circumstances did thc great Gothic migration into the Roman Empire take place? 10. (a.) When and by whom was the battle of Chalons fought ? (6.) State the circumstances that immediately led to this war. (e.) State thc circumstances that rendered this battle remarkable. 11. (a.) State briefly the xirincip.il achievements of Bclisarius. (6.) Wlmt is thc story usually told as to his fate ? {<:.) What are the reasons for doubting the truth of this story ? Ixiv EXAMINATION PAPERS, 12. (a.) State the various forms of Government that prevailed in Italy between the extinction of the Western Empire and thc coronation of Charlemagne. (6.) What were the dates of the two last named, events ? F. T., 1S62. 1. (a.) What was thc date of the battle of Cynoscex>hahe, and what were its results ? (6.) Who was the commander and who were the allies of the Romans in that battle ? 2. " Thc great Scipio opened thc way to empire: his brother to luxury." Explain this statement. 3. Mention the principal political reforms which were made by Sylla. 4. What were the causes of the second civil war ? 5. Describe thc principles of tho system of government instituted by Diocletian. G. Gibbon says that Constantinople appears to have been formed by nature for thc centre and capital of a great monarchy : (o.) What arc the advantages to which he alludes ? (6.) What was thc date of its dedication ? 7. At what time and in what circumstances docs the name " Turks " appear for the first time in history ? 8. Enumerate the principal conquests of the Saracens. FIRST ORDINARY EXAMINATION. Ixv 9. The history of Roman law "from thc Twelve Tables to thc reign of Justinian may be divided into three periods almost equal in duration, and distinguished from each other by the mode of instruction and the character of the civilians." (a.) What were thc dates of each of the above events ? (6.) What arc the limits of each of the periods above referred to ? (c.) What were the distinctive marks of each period 1 10. What were the restrictions by which the power of the People as exercised in their Comitia was limited ? 11. (a.) How do you account for the embarrassment that has existed respecting the origin and thc func tions of the Qusestura ? (6.) Give some account of the duties of thcQuajstores /Erarii. 12. Explain the various relations expressed at different times by the term Patronus. Ixvi EXAMINATION PAPERS, SECOND ORDINARY EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREES OF B.A. AND LL.B. [IN GREEK, LATIN, ENGLISH AND LOGIC PART I., GEO METRY AND TRIGONOMETRY, ALGEBRA, CHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY AND BOTANY, the papers were the same as for thc First Examination.] ENGLISH AND LOGIC, PART II. (PROFESSOR IRVING.) 0. T., 1861. What is thc meaning of the following words in Chau cer's Knightcs Tale: nut, gruf, swelde, stevcn, Iiypcn, chauiparty, habergeon, tester, tas, bcetc ? What is the difference between thc former and the present signification, of thc following expressions occurring in Chaucer or Shakspcro : he can them thank—the pure fetters—he laid his faith to borrow •—par amour—merely upon myself—I am resolved— he should not humour me ? How have thc following words changed from tho sense in which they are employed by Shakspere or Milton: exorcist, jmysical, fond, remorse, offend, consult ? SECOND ORDINARY EXAMINATION. Ixvii •1. Explain these constructions— (1.) We arc going To whom it ranst bo done. (2.) into what pit thou secst From what height fallen. (3.) this the scat That we must change for heaven. (4.) there to dwell In adamantine chains and penal fire Who durst defy the Omnipotent to arms. 5. Give tho etymology of crimson, answer, testy, canopy, brook, sojourn, pigmy, worth, traitor, narcotic, uncouth, husband. 6. What is the construction of the word "self" in English ? What makes its use necessary ? 7. Give Latham's canons for thc mood to be cmxiloycd after if, and thc number and person of a verb having two nominatives of different persons with disjunctives. 8. What views have been maintained as to thc relation of thc Angles and the Saxons, and of their respective languages ? 9. Explain clearly what is meant by a Logical whole, and a Metaphysical whole, and why these names were given. 10. Give the most general definition of "Language" propounded by Thomson. Divide Language twice, and show that your division is good. 11. What is the difference between the modern and the ancient way of regarding Species and Genera ? How docs this affect the view taken of Differentia ? Ixviii EXAMINATION PAPERS, 12. On what x>rinciples are the various kinds of Propo sitions enumerated by Whatcly, Thomson, and Hamilton ? Give examples of each scheme. 13. Assuming only that the middle term must be dis tributed, that one premiss must be affirmative, and that no term may be distributed iu the conclusion if not distributed in'the x»remisses, prove that if one premiss be particular the conclusion must be par ticular. X4. Give examples of the following kinds of inference— by added Determinants, by Negation, by' Con version, by Limitation, by the opposition of Contra dictories. 15. Put into strict Logical form and examine the following— . • No one is rich who has not enough; no miser has enough, therefore no miser is rich. All that glitters is not gold; tinsel glitters, and therefore is not gold. Thc angle ABC is greater than tho angle BAG, and the angle BAG is greater than the angle BOA, much greater therefore is the angle ABC than the angle BGA. If you consider the prisoner innocent, you arc . bound to acquit him; as you have acquitted him it may be fairly assumed that you consider him innocent. F. T., 1862. 1. What is thc meaning of the following archaic words— starf, nere, stound, byjape, brcemc, dere, freten, gypoun, ballyd ? SECOND ORDINARY EXAMINATION. ,lxix 2. How have thc following changed in meaning—spices, can, obeisance, thurghfarc, curst, ceremonies ? 3. Give the etymology of dyaprcd, somdcl, hauberk, obeissancc, daun, clever, carrion, suite. 4. Mention any preterites employed strong in Chaucer, now weak. 5. What canon is to guide us in choosing between the employment of metaphor and that of simile? Quote instances of each from Milton to illustrate your rule. 6. Latin names introduced during thc Saxon period were mainly "concrete." Prove this by examples. 7. How docs Latham classify the auxiliary verbs in English ? 8. Write brief notes on the form of the following words— tirj, sail, mannikin, wives, midmost, could. 9. Construct a syllogism in Bokardo, give the ordinary mode of reduction and Whately's method. 10. Show that I. E. 0. can never be a valid mood. , 11. Name the "heads of predicablcs." Explain what they are and how they are discovered. 12. Define Paper, Pen, Ink. 13. In reading a poetical description (e. g. that of the Trosachs in the Lady of the Lake), is the result in our minds an intuition or a concevition ? 14. Discuss the following Inferences, putting them into strict Logical form— He who is vicious is miserable, therefore he who is virtuous is happy. 1XX EXAMINATION PAPERS, You arc stronger than I, and you cannot lift two hundred weight, therefore it is no use for'me to attempt to do so. A picture is an imitation, all imitation is bad, therefore painting is to be discouraged. DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS AND ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY'. (PROFESSOR WILSON.) 0. T., 1801. 1. Differentiate i-1 + &<- (tx a sin n x ~ n cos n x «'- -1- n- 2. Find the nt!l differential coefficient of e x cos« cos h; sin a). 3. Transform x-^ + y^ to an equivalent expression whore r and 0 are the variables it being given that x = r cos 6 y — r sin 0. 4. Eliminate m and a from the equation y = m cos (rx+a). 5. Expand tan ~lx in a scries of ascending powers of x. 1 1 1 6. Integrate J 2 a x — oi- V x' cos 'Jx + n2 sin "x SECOND ORDINARY EXAMINATION. ]xxi 7. Find thc angle between thc lines A x + B y + 0 = 0 A' x + I)' y + C" = 0 8. Show that in tho parabola thc sub-normal is equal to the senii-latus rectum. 9. Find the area of the triangle contained between the tangent to the hyperbola and the asymptotes. 10. Find an expression for the length of thc perpendicular let fall from the origin on the tangent at any point to the curve u = 0. 11. Find the radius of tho circle which has a contact of the second order with a curve at a given point. 12. Find thc radius of curvature of the cycloid at its vertex. 13. Find the tangent of the angle between tho radius vector and the tangent to a curve referred to polar coordinates. 14. Find the volume of a sphere. F. T.. 1802. 1. Define the term " Differential Coefficient " and from your definition investigate the differential coefficient with respect to x of («:l — x'fi. x ] sx 2. Differentiate V s/*_ .J a, s\\\'{a + 6 cos a), a + ° . Ixxii EXAMINATION PAPERS, 3. Differentiate a sin (t£ {v t — x) + A^\ whore x and t arc independent variables. 4. Assuming Taylor's Theorem prove Maclaunn's and apply it to expand sec x in a series of powers of .v. 5. Given the volume of a right circular cone find the form of it that it may contain the greatest possible sphere. C. Find the following integrals— • xn\o%x.dx £ tan';*;. cfa , 'J . ' caxcos,nx.dx 7. Find the volume of a r>ortioii cut off by a xilane fierpendicular to the axis of the solid generated by the revolution of the common parabola about its axis. 8. Find a general expression for the length of the perpendicular from a point whoso coordinates are given on a straight line whose equation is given. 9. Find the equation to thc line passing through the two points of contact of the tangents to the circle x- + y2 =-. a2 from the external point h, k. 10. Show that the tangent to the parabola makes equal angles with the axis and the focal distance. 11. Find the polar equation to the locus of a point whose distance from the pole is less in a constant ratio than its distance from a fixed straight line. 12. Find the locus of thc middle points of a system of parallel chord in the hyjierbola. 13. Investigate the general equation to the tangent to the curve / (,r, y) - 0 at any point. SECOND ORDINARY EXAMINATION. Jxxiii NATURAL PHILOSOPHY". (PROFESSOR WILSON.) 0. T., 1861. Eight questions must he amivered correctly lo entitle a Candidate to pass. 1. Eays of light diverging from a point fall on a plane reflecting surface; show that they will diverge from a. point after reflexion and determine the position of that jioint. 2. A plane mirror is placed with its plane vertical: show that a person approaching it so as to keep his eye at the same height will always see the same jiortion of his body reflected in it. 3. Show that a ray of light passing through a prism denser than the surrounding medium is deflected from thc edge of the prism. 4. Describe the simple Astronomical Telescope with Ramsden's eyepiece and draw carefully a diagram showing the course of a pencil of rays through it. 5. Describe the eye: an object is presented to the eye; in what direction is it seen 1 C. Describe the fundamental peculiarity which distin guishes polarised light from common light indepen dently of any theory; enumerate the principal methods of polarising light. 7. Give a general description of the Transit Instrument, and enumerate carefully the essential adjustments, d Ixxiv EXAMINATION PAPERS, 8. The middle wire of a transit instrument of five feet focal length is one-fiftieth of an inch to the cast of its proper position; calculate the consequent error in the time of transit of an equatorial star. 9. Explain the principle of thc method of determining- the Longitude at sea by Lunar Distances; and enumerate the several observations and reductions which are necessary. 10. Investigate a formula for determining the time from an observed altitude of the sun when the latitude is known. 11. Explain what is meant by the Right Ascension of a star; from what point is it reckoned ? How is this point determined practically ? 12. What is meant by Parallax ? Show how the Parallax of the moon may be determined by Obser vations in different'hemispheres. 13. Explain thc Gregorian Calendar. How many leap years are there in 400 years: calculate the length of the year according to this arrangement. 14. Describe xirecisely the experiment by which it is shown that thc poles of a magnet which repel each other are like poles. 15. Explain what three elements must be determined in order that the magnetic action of thc earth at any place may be known. 10. State Ohm's law of the force of a galvanic current. If E and li arc the electromotive force and resist ance of a single jiair find the force of the current with ten such pairs and a resistance r in the circuit— SECOND ORDINARY EXAMINATION. IxXV 1st. When the pairs are arranged consecutively. 2nd. When all the similar metals of thc several cells are united. 1G. State Ampere's law for the action of a current on a magnetic needle: A plate of Zinc and a plate of Platinum connected by a wire are immersed in diluted sulphuric acid, in what direction according to the ordinary mode of expression will the current circulate through the wire ? 18. Describe the ordinary electrical machine, enumerat ing carefully the parts which are essential. 19. Explain the law of the mutual action of electrical currents whose directions are inclined at an angle to one another: describe the arrangement of an experiment for producing a continuous rotation by the action of one current upon another. 20. Describe the mode of galvanic registration as applied to Astronomical observations. F. T., 1SC2. Eight questions must be ansioered correctly to entitle a Candidate to pass. 1. A straight line is placed before a plane mirror and inclined to it. Show that the image of the line is equally inclined to the mirror. 1 1 2 ;_ 2. Prove the formula -,-=• = - in the case of a concave n«, f+ Av. Ar. spherical mirror. d 2 Ixxvi EXAMINATION PAPERS, 3. Describe the ox>tical part of an ordinary compound microscope and draw a figure showing the course of a pencil of rays through it and the several images formed. 4. Describe Newton's fundamental experiment for show ing that common light is a mixture of light of various colours. 5. Describe thc fundamental peculiarity which distin guishes polarised light from common light inde pendently of any theory; enumerate thc principal methods of polarising light. 6. Describe an experiment by which it is shown that one portion of the retina is nearly insensible to light. 7. Describe the several observations requisite for determining the polar, distance of a star and the latitude of the place of observation by means of a graduated circle mounted in the meridian. 8. The vertical wires of a transit instrument are one- twentieth of an inch apart: the focal length is five feet: calculate the time occupied by a star on the equator in passing from one wire to the next. 9. Describe the method of determining the difference of longitude of two rilaces by moans of the electric telegraph. How is any error arising from the time occupied in the transmission. of the signal eliminated ? 10. Describe the motion of the earth about the sun and show how the apparent path of the sun among the fixed stars is explained by it. 11. Explain what is meant by the Right Ascension of a star. From what point is it reckoned 1 How is this point determined practically? SECOND ORDINARY EXAMINATION. Ixxvii 12. Exxilaiu the nature and cause of an eclipse of the moon. At what places on the earth is an eclipse of the moon visible ? Why is there not an eclipse of the moon in every lunation ? 13. A bar magnet is placed in the same straight line with a bar of soft iron and contiguous to it. Describe tho magnetism induced in the latter. 14. If a bar of soft iron be rilaced in a vertical position and influenced only by the induction of the earth will the upper end of it attract or repel the North end of a needle ? Explain the reason of your answer. 16. Describe an cxxierimeut by which it is shown that bodies similarly electrised repel one another. IG. Describe the Leydcn Jar and explain how the accumulation of electricity takes place. 17. Describe thc construction of an electro-magnet and explain carefully which end of it will have the same magnetism as the North end of thc compass needle. 18. Describe the common galvanometer and explain the x>rinciple on which its construction depends. Ixxviii EXAMINATION PAPERS, COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND ZOOLOGY. (PROFESSOR M'COY.) 0. T., 1861. 1. From which ganglia are the organs of sense supplied in the Ilomogangliala ? 2. Give the Anatomical and Zoological characters used for the definitions of the five classes of the Arli- culata. 3. Give the general structural character of the Amor- phozoa. 4. How do the Entozoa differ from Worms anatomically? 5. How are the Madrepores distinguished from Corals of the great group Astrem i 6. Contrast the characters of the Polyzoa, and the Hydrozoa. 7. How are the Spatangidce distinguished from the other Echinidm ? 8. Describe the ambulacra of the Echinodermata. 9. How arc the Pteropoda distinguished from the other classes of the Mollusca ? 10. Point out the modifications of the breathing organs in all the orders of the class Gasteropoda. SECOND ORDINARY EXAMINATION. Ixxix PALAEONTOLOGY AND GEOLOGY. (PROFESSOR M'COY.) ' 0. T., 1861. 1. What are the general characteristics of the Palaeontology of Pleistocene formations ? 2. In cases of dislocation of strata by faults, what rules arc generally depended upon for finding the " up cast " or " downcast" ? 3. In what formations are bones of Ichthyosaurus, Flio- saurus and Fakeosaurus found respectively ? Give thc range iu time of each genus. 4. State clearly the relative probable places of thc Plymouth Limestone, the Eifel beds, the old Red Sandstone of England, and the Dipterus Flags of the North of Scotland in thc Devonian System. 5. What genera of Crinoids might be taken as charac teristic of Upper Palaeozoic, Triassic, and upper Mesozoic rocks respectively ! G. Explain the coincidences which have been observed . between the direction of lines of slaty cleavage and other geological lines. 7. State some of tho x>rincipal different views held by Geologists touching the formation of Gneiss. 8. Name the principal Limestone formations from the Cambrian to the Trias inclusive. IxXX EXAMINATION PAPERS, - 9. Name the Marine formations you think jirobable equivalents of thc land and fresh water Wealden formation, giving the grounds on which you rely in each case. 10. What fossils woidd enable you to identify thePurbeck Limestone, the Lias Limestone, the Magnesian Lime stone, and the Mountain Limestone, and discriminate between them ? CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY.—PART I. (PROFESSOR HEARN.) 0. T., 1801. 1. What were the causes of the predominant authority of Anglo-Norman Royalty ? 2. What were the three great constitutional princixiles that limited this authority ? 3. Show the error of the opinion that Magna Charta was merely a piece of class-legislation. 4. What additional provisions in favor of the subject beyond those granted in Magna Charta are contained in the Conjirmalio Chartarum ? 5. («.) What were the two branches of the House of Commons 1 (6.) Show the difference in their origin. SECOND ORDINARY EXAMINATION. Ixxxi G. It has been observed that England "has had the advantage of a nobility and has not been cursed with a noblesse." (.7.) What is the meaning of this distinction ? (6.) How do you account for the fact ? 7. (a.) What was the origin and the jurisdiction of the Court of High Commission ? (6.) When was this court abolished ? (c.) When was it temporarily revived ? 8. What are the points of connection between the temporal and the ecclesiastical history of the reign of Eliza beth t 9. Mr. Hallam observes that " No year within the memory of any one living had witnessed such violations of public liberty as 1627." (a.) Mention some of the most remarkable acts here referred to. . . (6.) How did the legislature interfere to prevent their recurrence ? 10. (a.) What were the two most striking encroachments, before thc civil war, of the Long Parliament upon the Prerogative ? (6.) What was the immediate occasion of each of these encroachments ? 11. (a.) What is meant by Habeas Corpus ? (6.) What is its origin ? (c.) What are the provisions of the Habeas Corpus Act, and in whose reign was it passed 1 d 3 IxxX'i EXAMINATION PAPERS, 12. (a.) What docs Lord Macaulay describe as the Great English Revolution of the seventeenth century? (6.) Show how this revolution was in progress during the reign of Charles II. F. T., 1S62. 1. Describe the condition of the Celtic population of England at the time of the Saxon invasion. 2. State the provisions of that clause of Magna Charta which relates to foreign merchants in England. 3. In what respects is the Lancastrian period of our Parliamentary History remarkable ? 4. How do you account for thc fact that the Puritan Party offered no systematic opposition to the Government of Elizabeth? 5. Fir what offence and with what results was the Earl of Middlesex impeached ? By what rjersons and with what motives was this impeachment com menced ? Show its importance. 6. The Ministers of Charles I. "had recourse to exactions some odious and obsolete some of very questionable legality and others clearly against the law." Give instances of each. 7. What circumstances favoured the Restoration of Charles II. ? 8. What were the causes of the unpopularity of the Cabal Ministry and what was the origin of the name? SECOND ORDINARY EXAMINATION. Ixxxiii 9. How did thc x>olicy of Lord Danby's administration differ from that of thc Cabal ? 10. State the events which led to the passing of the Test Act. 11. By what judicial decision was thc Test Act for a time rendered nugatory? Show the consequences of this decision to the fortunes of the House of Stuart. 12. What was the circumstance wliich gave to the Schism of the Jacobites its chief strength? LAW.—PART I. MR. CHAPMAN. 0. T., 1861. I—1. Describe the distinction between the absolute ownership of a chattel and a special property therein, and give one or more instances of the latter in illustration of your answer. 2. Describe thc nature and extent of a man's property in a chattel wliich he finds, and mention the name of the case upon which you rely as the authority for your answer. 3. A man finds a gold ring and a cheque on a bank, he sells the former and pays away tho latter ; can the true owner recover the value of both or either from the person who has innocently given value for them? Give the reasons for your answer, and sup port the same by reference to cases. Ixxxiv EXAMINATION PAPERS, 4. What equitable construction have the words "true and first inventor" received under the Patent Act ? 5. State the two meanings of the expression, "any man ner of new manufacture," under the same Act. G. Where a patent is granted for an improvement in an invention which is itself the subject of an unexpired patent, state the respective rights of the new and old patentee. 7. Give instances of -such previous public use of an invention as will defeat a xiatcnt, and state also some instances of disclosure of the invention as will not amount to a public user. 8. Certain persons are incapable of contracting except in certain cases, namely, infants, married women, persons of unsound mind, persons intoxicated, cor- Xiorations aggregate, aliens, outlaws and attainted persons, and insolvents : classify these according to the party by whom the objection of incompetency may be taken, and state the principle on which your classification 'depends. 9. Illegality vitiates a contract. State the distinction between the effect of illegality in the promise and in thc consideration. 10. In the case of Goggs v. Bernard, Lord C. J. Holt enumerates six kinds of bailments: classify these according to the degree of care required of the bailee, or, what amounts to the same thing, accord ing to thc degree of negligence necessary to charge the bailee. 11. Where there is no express consideration apparent on the face of a guarantee, an imjilied consideration must be capable of being collected from the Ian- SECOND ORDINARY EXAMINATION. IxXXV guage of the instrument: What is thc test of such imjilied consideration ? 12. Draw briefly a guarantee without an express con sideration from the terms of which a consideration may be implied. 13. State the three particulars in which a bill of ex change differs from other simple contracts and from a thing x>crsonal. 14. Where a creditor has taken an .acceptance from his debtor, and afterwards loses it, what is the effect of such loss upon his right of action on the bill, and also on the original debt ? Give the reason for your answer. 15. Does it make any difference if the bill be lost in such a condition as not to be negociable; and if so, why ? IG. By the Statute of Frauds a sale of "goods, wares, and merchandise" must be in writing—the word chattels not being used. It has been decided how ever that some chattels come within thc statute and others not: Give instances of both, and also tho test by which you may determine what is or is not within the statute. 17. There is another distinction as to the sale of things in an incomplete condition. Describe what is and what is not within thc Statute of Frauds, and state by what more recent statute the distinction has been broken down. 18. Where constructive delivery of goods is made by a dock order or order upon a warehouseman who has the custody of the goods, what is necessary to render the delivery complete ? Ixxxvi EXAMINATION PAPERS, 19. Generally speaking the taking of a bill of exchange for goods sold operates as a waiver of the defend ant's lien; suppose however that the bill is dis honoured before the vendor has parted with the Xiossession ; State in what case the lien does and in what it does not revive. 20. " Possession is essential at common law to sustain the vendor's lieu." Describe thc exceptions to this rule. 21. Give some instances in which the transitus has been held to be at an end without delivery to the vendee himself, so as to put an end to the right to stop in transitu. 22. Generally speaking there is no implied warranty of thc soundness or quality of goods in the contract of sale. Give some instances of implied w.irranty where goods arc supx>lied in fulfilment of an order. 23. Thc seller of a horse used these words, " He is sound as far as I know." Is this a warranty; and if not, what circumstances will make the words actionable, and in what form of action ? 24. Give one or more instances of implied warranty by the custom of particular trades. 25. What is the rule as to the construction of the words, and " all other losses and misfortunes which, may happen to the said ship" in a marine policy? Give an example to illustrate your answer. 26. Where a ship is not entirely destroyed, describe a case wliich would justify notice of abandonment as for a total loss. SECOND ORDINARY EXAMINATION. Ixxxvii 27. Describe what change has been made in thc law as to bills of lading by a statute of the Parliament of Victoria. Name the Act, and mention a case in the Exchequer which illustrates one of the changes. II.—1. Enumerate the several forms of action ex delicto, and describe the general nature of the injuries for the redress of which they are resxicctively ap plicable. 2. Uxion what principle has an action on the case been sustained by thc Courts at Westminster, although the injury proceeded from the direct force of the defendant? Give an example.. 3. Give a definition of assault, and give some instances of assaults without a battery. 4. Wlicre the defendant sets up self-defence in justifica tion of an assault (technically called a plea of son assault demesne), state the two principal rules which the Courts have laid down applicable to such justification. 5. Mention other cases of justification besides defence of the person, and state the general rule a}:>x>licablc to all such justifications. G. What constitutes an imprisonment? . Give some instances of imprisonment without actual contact, i. e., without laying hands on the plaintiff. 7. Point out the distinction between the authority of a constable and of a private person to arrest a man iqion reasonable suspicion without the warrant of a Justice of the Peace, and state in what class of cases an arrest without warrant is illegal even by a constable. IxXXVlii EXAMINATION PAPERS, 8. The 7 Jae. I. c. 5, the 21 Jac. I. c. 12, and other Acts of Parliament |).isscd for the xirotection of magistrates and others, require one month's notice of action to bo given before the writ can be issued. Describe briefly the general result of the decisions as to the nature of the cases to which these statutes do and to which they do not a|ix>ly. 9. Explain the reason why "want of reasonable and probable cause" in an action for malicious x>rosecu- tion cannot be inferred from proof of malice, though the latter may be inferred from the former. 10. When docs thc Court decide what is reasonable and probable cause, and in what case and to what extent is the question left to thc jury? 11. State what verbal imputations (i.e., not written or printed) arc actionable without an averment of special damage. 12. Enumerate the several classes of cases in which defamatory words arc deemed xirivileged communi cations. 13. Describe briefly the changes in thc law as to criminal prosecutions for libel introduced by the statute 19 Vic, No. 4. 14. What is thc gist of the action for the seduction of the plaintiffs daughter? 15. Where the daughter was residing away from her father's house, state the cases in which the action has been held to lie, and those in which it has been held not to lie; and let your answer keep clearly in view thc principle of the decisions, and mention a case in which the distinction is most clearly pointed out. SECOND ORDINARY EXAMINATION. Ixxxix 16. State the several persons who may bring an action against the seducer. 17. Enumerate some matters which have been admitted in evidence, both in aggravation and in mitigation of damages, in actions for seduction. 18. By the fourth section of thc Statute of Frauds, guarantees or promises to answer for the debt, default, or miscarriage of another must be iu writ ing. State in what form of action the absence of a written guarantee was successfully overcome. Give the name of the cose, and state by what statute this contrivance to defeat the,statute was put an end to. 19. State what is necessary to maintain an action for fraudulent misrepresentation, whether as to the credit of another person or respecting personal property, and give some instances of fraudulent misrepresentation. 20. State some instances in which an action for fraudu lent misrepresentation has been unsuccessfully attempted to get rid of the defendant's incapacity to be sued on a contract. 21. Give some instances in which fraudulent conceal ment has been held to constitute a good cause of action in the nature of deceit. 22. Generally speaking the owner of a carriage is liable for the negligence of his servant. Describe the circumstances wliich will relieve the master from liability and confine it to the servant. Give a XC EXAMINATION PAPERS, 23.' In the case of hired carnages the driver is the servant of the owner and not of the hirer of the carriage. Give instances in which the hirer has made himself liable, and name the case or cases on which you rely. 24. Thc general rule is, that where work is done under a contract, and it is done negligently so as to occasion damage, the contractor is liable, and not the person for whom the work is done. Give some instances in which the employer has been held to be liable, and mention cases as the authority for your answer. F. T., 1862. Twelve questions out of each of the following papers 7>iust be answered correctly to entitle a candidate to pass. I.—1. Give a comprehensive definition of the phrase " right of property." 2. In what manner can property be acquired in living wild animals (ferae naturw) ? Give some examples. 3. Generally deer in a park partake of thc nature of the realty, and pass with the estate to the heir. State under what circumstances they have recently been held to pass to the executors as personalty, and give the name of the case which is the authority for your answer. 4. Enumerate some of thc rights with which the law ~ clothes the unborn child (in ventre sa mere). SECOND ORDINARY EXAMINATION. xci 5. Describe the distinction between property in possession and in action ; and give instances. 6. Describe what is meant by qualified and special pro perty arising (not out of the nature of the thing, such as wild animals reclaimed, but) out of thc character or relations of the owner, and give one or more instances of two persons having each a quali fied property iu the same chattel. 7. Enumerate the several modes of acquiring (and con sequently of losing) property in, or title to, things personal. 8. Give a definition of a simple contract. 9. Enumerate the several persons who are generally (i. e. except in certain cases which you need not notice) incapacitated for contracting ; and classify them according to thc party by whom the objections of incapacity may be taken, and state the principle in each case on which your classification is founded. 10. Enumerate the several particulars which are essential to enable an alleged inventor to obtain letters jiatent for his supposed invention. 11. What judicial interpretation of the words "any manner of new manufacture," in the Statute of Monopolies (and copied in our Patents Act), has been given by the Courts at Westminster ? 12. Where no consideration appears on tho face of a written guarantee, one may be implied from its language. Draw a guarantee disclosing an implied consideration, .ind add the reason why a considera tion would be implied from the language of tho instrument which you draw. xcii EXAMINATION PAPERS, 13. In the case of the Great Exhibition in England, and in that of the recent Exhibition here, Acts have been passed to x>rotect the inventors of things exhibited. Describe the rule of law as to the effect of exhibiting inventions which rendered the Acts above alluded to necessary, and give an instance of a previous disclosure of an invention which would not operate to defeat the inventor's right to a patent. 14. (a.) Enumerate the several kinds of bailments, and mention the leading case which is thc authority for your enumeration. (6.) Classify them according to the degree of negligence necessary to charge tho bailee. 15. In what manner does the liability of an Innkeeper for the goods of his guest differ from that of an ordinary bailee, where the benefit is mutual, and ou - what ground ? IG. What is essential to the adoption or ratification of a contract by an infant, after he attains his majority? State thc rule as to the consideration. 17. There arc several statutes of Victoria which place the infant (for certain purposes) ou thc footing of a person of full age. Mention at least two of such statutes. 18. A married woman has an implied authority to pledge her husband's credit for the ordinary supx>lies of her family, such as bread, meat, &e. A butcher supplies the wife after the death of her husband abroad, but before his death becomes known. Can the tradesman recover the amount of his bill for such sux>plies (a.) From the executor of the husband ? SECOND ORDINARY EXAMINATION. XCU1 (b.) From the widow who ordered the goods ? Give the reasons, and cite cases as authority, for your answer. 19. The general rule is, that contracts made with an alien enemy are void. Describe two exceptional cases in which such contracts are sustained by our courts, in one of which the alien may sue during the continuance of war, and in the other, on thc return of peace. 20. In what cases have the courts of law relaxed the rule, that corporations aggregate can only contract under their common seal ? 21. A., B., and C. were in partnership in the wine .ind spirit trade, under the firm, of A., B. and Company; C. being therefore dormant. B. entered into several speculations with ono M. in tho purchase and sale of sugar and flour, using the name of the firm with out consulting his partners. In closing the accounts there was a net loss, and balance in favor of M., for wldch he sued thc firm. Had the firm, or any of the partners, a defence, and if so, on what principle 1 Name a case in the Surjreme Court which involves the above question. 22. Enumerate thc particulars in which a bill of exchange differs from other contracts. 23. You are the holder of a defective instrument in tho following form :— Melbourne, 1st March, 18G2. .Two months after date I promise to pay, 24. Where goods arc sold to A. and he is put in possession of them, state some circumstances which will render the delivery incomplete, so as to prevent the passing of the property iu thc same. 25. Give some instances of constructive delivery and acceptance. 20. A contract may be established by two or more separate writings between the parties. State what is essential in such a case. Describe briefly a contract of sale contained in three letters between the buyer and seller. II.—1. What is the distinction between the actions of Trespass and Trespass on the case ? Mention the leading case in which the boundaries of the two forms of action are defined. 2. Give a state of facts which would sustain an action of trespass,. and also a state of facts upon which an action of trespass would lie. 3. State thc principal circumstances which may be pleaded to an action of trespass for an assault. 4. What is the rule applicable to all such pleas of justi fication and restraining them within reasonable limits ? 5. Mention some cases in which thc plaintiff may shape his action cither in trespass or in case. 6. What is the nature of thc action of trover, and what is the distinction between that action and the . action of detinue? SECOND ORDINARY EXAMINATION. ,XCV 7. Describe the change which the Common Law Practice Act has introduced in the old form of the action of Trover, and state in what manner the declaration in this action is now framed. 8. Where a iilaintiff recovers in an action of Tort against several defendants, and the judgment is satisfied by one of them—What is thc rule as to contribu tion by thc other defendants? in what does it differ from the rule as to contribution in actions on contracts? Name the leading case on the subject. 9. Describe briefly thc action for Seduction. State the character in which the plaintiff sues, and what he must rirovc m order to establish his right to recover. 10. Describe some cases in which the action has failed where the facts disclosed have negatived the gist of the action. 11. Generally speaking an action may be brought by a father for an assault on his child on the same ground as an action for Seduction. Where tho 'child beaten is of tender years on what ground would the action fail ? 12. In such a case how would you shape the action so as to insure the case going to the Jury? 13. Describe the alteration in the law recently intro duced, as to the Husband's remedy against the Seducer of his wife, and mention the statute by which the change was effected. 14. Describe some states of facts which have been held to amount to arrest and false imprisonment— though no forcible detention of the person took place. XCV1 EXAMINATION PAPERS, 15. State the distinction between the authority of a peace officer or constable and that of a private person to arrest a man upon reasonable suspicion without the warrant of a justice of the peace. 16. Mention some acts of the Legislature of Victoria which justify the arrest without warrant of persons found offending against the provisions of the said - acts. 17. Magistrates and other persons acting in a public capacity are entitled in certain cases to one month's notice of action. State what thc notice must contain, and for what x>urxiose the information is intended. 18. Where a public officer is allowed by any statute to plead the general issue and give the specific matter upon which he relics as his justification in evidence, what is the effect of his omitting to state that he pleads not guilty " by statute." 19. Describe three or more cases in which actions for malicious prosecution without reasonable and proba ble cause have been sustained. 20. In an action for malicious prosecution for an offence, what is thc effect of thc plaintiff's conviction or acquittal on the original proceeding? Give reasons for your.answer. 21. Give a definition of a libel 22. Enumerate the several cases in which defamatory words are actionable without the averment of special damage. SECOND ORDINARY EXAMINATION, XCV11 23. Describe the circumstances which led to Fox's Declaratory Act, 32 Geo. III. c. 60, and state the change which that act brought about in the mode of leaving the question to the Jury. 24. Innuendos arc now less lavishly resorted to than formerly. Explain the use of the innuendo, and give an instance where one is necessary. 25. Upon what principle, in an action for a particular libel, are other libels x>ermitted to be given in evidence ? EXAMINATION PAPERS, THIRD ORDINARY EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREES OF B.A. AND LL.B. [IN ENGLISH AND LOGIC PART II., ANALYTICAL GEO METRY AND DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS, NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, ZOOLOGY, GEOLOGY, CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY PART I., the papers were the same as for the Second Examination.] GREEK. (PROFESSOR IRVING.) PLATO, Republic, Books I.—V. SOPHOCLES, Ajax. 0. T., 1861. 1. Translate—• (a.) "ArtavO' 6 puxupos Vl'£ "AlSlJS T£ (Xwt/lVTWV KUTW. (6.) 2. Give briefly Plato's account of the origin of the state, and of its development up to the point when 3. Give the derivation and meaning of the following words, and cite- if you can instances of their employment :— ySoVawos, pLiaOuyros, ij/iX6i, Xap7taSy 4. (T 5. Discuss these passages— (1.) p.yr dywvdpxai nvt C. Give a brief account of Simonides, Lysias, Hesiod, 7. Describe the geographical iiosition of Troy, Salamis, the Pirsecus, Chalestra. 8. What are the allusions in the following ?— (1.) KOCKIVW vSwp tptpeiv, . (2.) pyStv KCLLVOV dXXa. ipqiviKiKov TI,' (3.) MapoTjas rt Kal TO. iKtivov opyava, (4.) woitcp *YSpav Ttp,v(iv. 0 2 C EXAMINATION PAPERS, F. T., 1S62. 1. Translate— (a.) 'AXX' S.pa yv 8* iyw durol p.tv ot Oioi .... y ov\ ovTiDS ; (End of CXX., Book II, p. 73.) (6.) oiBi p.yv rtov irpos ra Itpd . . oracnv Tyv roiairn;!' e)(0pav KXyreov. (Book V., XVI,, p. 181—2.) 2. Translate— (a.) Kai vvv TI xpr; Spav ; . . /iijStv t^aAXao-o-CTai. (Soph. Ajax, V. 457—476.) (6.) Kai p.yv is avrov naipov • • Ttpocntta-wv «xov- (Do. do., V. 1168—1181.) 3. Give the derivations and the meanings of these words, and cite instances of their employment;— triSijpoK/iijs, xtlpio%, OyXvvw, Sufrptvrys, TtXd£, 6. In what way does Plato introduce the state into the discussion with wliich the Republic opens ? 7. Give a brief account of Socrates and his method of discussion. LATIN. (PROFESSOR IRVING.) 0. T., 1861. \ TACITUS, Histories. HORACE, Satires. 1. Translate— (a.) Turn Antonius, inserens se manipulis, . . ceteraque usui" adlaturos. (6.) Terra finesque, qua ad Orientem vergunt. . ut trabes aut saxa, discindi. 2. Translate— (a.) Omnibus hoc vitium est. . . Nil fuit umquam sic impar sibi. (6.) Pauper Opimius ...... pereamve rapinis 1 3. Draw an outline sketch of Italy south of Rome, marking the places on Horace's route to Brun- disium. 4. Give the moaning of thc following—duplex ficus, fsecula Coa, certum vigilans, opera nona, damuose bibere, decern a Nerio. CU EXAMINATION PAPERS, 5. Also of the following—ubique hasta et sector, duo manipulares, cxx. libelli premium exposcentium, • pulsi Italia mathematici, sexcenties sestertium mutuum acceptum est, propriis cuncis componere. G. Give a brief outline of the events that occurred in Italy during the year 70 A.D. F. T., 1862. 1. Translate— (a.) Hoc crat in votis Libitina; qujestus, acerbse. ii., vi., 1—19. (6.) Quatuor hinc raxiimur chartreque vireque est. i., v., 8G—104. 2. Translate— (a.) Quieti intentiquc Cceciua ac Valens .... aut comminus mergere. ii., 34, 35. (6.) Res poscere videtur . constat!tiam requirentium. iv., 5. 3. Draw a map of Cisalpine Gaul to illustrate thc cam- Xiaigns of the year 70 A.D. 4. Give the meaning of ranci male cumque libellis, serpens Epidaurius, Indus erat culpa potare magis- tra, suspendens omnia naso, naviget Anticyram, sjepc stilum vertas. ; THIRD ORDINARY EXAMINATION. tiii 5. Explain miserat civitas dextras hospitii insigne, ccrtissima fides hcedorum fibris, versicolor! sagulo et bracas indutus, patibulo affixus, pueri puelheque patrimi et matrimi, turrim duplici tabulate. G. A brief account of thc insurrection of Civilis ? MIXED MATHEMATICS. (PROFESSOR WILSON.) 0. T., 1861. 1. Show that the projection on a straight line of the straight line wliich joins two given points is equal to the projection on the same straight line of any broken Hue which connects the same two points. 2. Investigate an expression for thc length of the per pendicular let fall from a given point on a given plane. 3. Find the equation to the surface generated by a straight line which passes through the origin and makes an angle of 45° with the line x=- y= 2. 4. Find the equation to the normal to the ellipsoid which makes equal angles with the three axes. 5. Find the centre of gravity of a hemispherical shell of uniform small thickness. CIV EXAMINATION PAPERS, 6. A hollow cylindrical vessel terminates in a hemi spherical base ; find the greatest height which may be given to the cylindrical portion consistently with its remaining upright in stable equilibrium on the hemispherical base. 7. Find the resultant of two couples whose planes intersect. 8. Two unequal weights connected by a string hang over a rod of known roughness ; find the ratio of the greater weight to the less when the system is on the point of motion ; and show that this ratio is independent of the particular curve which forms the section of the rod, provided the string does not cross an angle. 9. A thick string whose natural length is a and whose coefficient of elasticity is equal to the weight of a unit of length of the string hangs vertically stretched by its own weight: determine its length. 10. Show that if a particle move so that the areas de scribed by it round a fixed point lie in one plane and are proportional to the times of describing them, the resultant force on the particle must pass through that point. 11. Two cylinders of the same size and material roll down a rough inclined plane ; one of them is solid, the other has a hollow cylindrical space about its axis of half the radius : compare the • times of rolling down. 12. Show that the centres of oscillation .ind suspension are reciprocal THIRD ORDINARY EXAMINATION. CV 13. Show that the moment of inertia of a plane figure about an axis perpendicular to its plane is the sum of the moments of inertia about two axes in its plane through the same point at right angles to.one another. 14. Investigate a formula for determining the difference of height of two stations by means of thc baro meter. 15. Calculate the time of emptying of a cubical cistern whose edge is six feet through a circular orifice one inch in diameter in the base of the cistern. IG. A tube of uniform bore forms an inverted siphon and contains fluid : find the time of a small oscil lation of the fluid. F. T., 1802. 1. Having the direction cosines of two straight lines referred to rectangular axes, find the cosine of the angle between them. What is meant by the angle between them when the lines do not meet ? 2. Find the angle between the lines in which the planes A,a;-)-B,y + Qyz + D, = o and A,x + 'B-.y + C^+D2 = o cut the plane Ax + By + Cz + D = o. 3. Find the equation to the tangent plane to the ellipsoid - + n + 4, = 1 which is parallel to the plane a- b- c~ l z -= mx + ny. 4. Find the equations to thc tangent line to the curve M=on = oat the pointx,y,<. c 3 CV1 EXAMINATION PAPERS, 5. Find the centre of gravity of half an ellipsoid cut off by a principal iilanc. 6. A cylinder rests with its axis vertical on the highest point of a fixed rough sphere of given radius, find the greatest height of the cylinder that the equili brium may be not unstable. 7. Show that couples whose planes arc parallel and moments equal are equivalent in maintaining a system in equilibrium. (Assume that thc arm of a couple may lie turned through any angle in its own plane.) 8. Find the equation to thc common catenary. 9. A particle is projected in any direction from a point h, k, and is attracted to the origin with a force varying directly as the distance : find its position and velocity and direction of motion after a time t and determine the circumstances of projection that the orbit may be a circle. 10. Show that when a body describes any orbit in ono plane the velocity at any point is that due to one quarter of the chord of curvature in thc direction of the force, under the action of the force continued constant with the intensity it has at that point. 11. A smooth rectilinear tube containing a free particle revolves uniformly round one extremity : determine the motion of the particle. 12. State carefully and explain the principle known as the " Conservation of Yis Viva." 13. The diameter of a circular disc of uniform thickness is equal to the length of the seconds pendulum : find the time of a small oscillation about a tangent lino. THIRD ORDINARY EXAMINATION. CVli 14. Investigate a formula for determining thc difference of height of two stations by means of the barometer. 15. What is meant by the centre of pressure ? Calculate the position of the centre of pressure in the case of a rectangular vertical floodgate. IG. Investigate the general equation of motion of a fluid acted on by any forces, and deduce from it the equation of motion of a fluid acted on by gravity and revolving uniformly about a vertical axis. CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY.—PART II. (PROFESSOR HEARN.) 0. T., ISGl. 1. («.) What is the earliest case of a specific inquiry by the House of Commons into the conduct of a servant of the Crown ? (6.) What were the circumstances at the time of the Revolution favorable to the exercise of this- right ? 2. Mr. Hallam remarks that the Sovereignty of the Le gislature is in strictness as arbitrary in England as iu Persia. (a.) What is the meaning of this assertion ? CV111 EXAMINATION PAPERS, (6.) -Are there any countries to which the above statement rightly understood does not apply ? If there are not, state the- reason of your opinion. If there are, mention some, and show why the state ment is inapplicable. 3. (a.) What were the grounds of the impeachment of Dr. Sacheverell, and what was its result ? (6.) What was the immediate political effect of this trial? (c.) What was its constitutional importance ? (d.) What different motives have been assigned for this prosecution ? 4. In the year 1737 an Act to prevent smuggling was passed which contained a clause subjecting to the penalty of transportation any three persons travelling with arms, on proof by two witnesses that their in tention was to assist in the clandestine lauding or carrying away prohibited or uncustomed goods. (a.) Show that this clause was repugnant to all the maxims of free Government. (6.) What was remarkable as to the persons by whom the Bill was opposed in the House of Lords 1 (c.) For what purpose does Mr. Hallam cite this Act? 5. (ci.) Enumerate, according to their right to sit as Lords of Parliament, the different classes of Peers of which the House of Lords is com posed. (6.) What is the present number of the House of Lords ? (c) What was its number at thc Revolution ? THIRD ORDINARY EXAMINATION. C1X 6. At what time and in what circumstances did the modern practice of petitioning Parliament com mence ? 7. At what time and in what circumstances did the modern practice of public meetings for political objects commence ? 8. What evidence is there of thc paramount influence of the Crown in the time of thc Regency ? 9. Explain the principle upon which the Civil List is now framed, and show how the present Civil List differs from those of other Sovereigns since tho Revolution. 10. (a.) Explain the difference in thc present mode of granting supplies from that adopted iu thc time of the Tudors and earlier Stuarts. (6.) What has been the result to the Crown of this change 1 11. (a.) What was the origin of the National Debt? (6.) What is its present amount? (c.) Mention thc most important of thc events that led to its gradual increase. 12. Miss Martiucau censures Mr. Canning for his oppo sition to the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts, while he advocated the claims of the Roman Catholics. (a.) What where these Acts, and with what objects were they respectively passed ? (6.) When and on whose proposal were they finally repealed ? (c.) What was Mr. Canning's own explanation of his conduct ? CX EXAMINATION PAPERS, E. T. 1802. 1. How far according to M. Guizot was the English Revolution aristocratic, and how far was it popular? 2. In what department of public affairs did William III. habitually act as his own Minister ? On what remarkable occasion was the inconvenience of this course sensibly felt? 3. Mr. May remarks that after the time of WiUiam a succession of sovereigns less capable than he, and of ministers gifted with extraordinary ability and force of character, rapidly reduced to practice the theory of ministerial responsibility. (a.) AVhat were the causes of the comparative incapacity of these sovereigns ? (6.) State in the order of their succession the ministers to whom he refers. 4. What is the present amount of the National Debt ? Mention tho principal occasions on which this amount has been contracted. 5. Give some account of the political life of Lord Boling- broke, and mention some of his political writings. 6. What was the political question which led to the quarrel between Addison and Steele ? How were each of these persons politically remarkable ? 7. Mention the different occasions on which George III. became ill, and the' political difficulties to which each illness gave rise. 8. From what defect in our Constitutional Law did the illness of the King acquire its importance? In similar circumstances at the present day, what course would probably be adopted ? THIRD ORDINARY EXAMINATION. Cxi 9. («.) What was the origin of the English Standing Army ? (6.) What was the ordinary strength of the Army during peace in the 18th century? 10. Trace the causes of the gradual increase of the Army after the accession of the House of Hanover. 11. (ff.) State the nature of the objections raised by George III. on conscientious grounds to any relaxation of the laws relating to Roman Catholic disabilities. (6.) What force, if any, was in these objections? (c.) What were thc principal occasions on which the effect of these scruples was practically felt? 12. Sir E. S. Creasy remarks that thc debates on the Corn Law Repeal Bill were highly important in a Constitutional view. How ? POLITICAL ECONOMY. (PROFESSOR IIRA RS.) 0. T., ISGL 1. Mr. Mill says "One eminent writer has proposed as a name for Political Economy ' Catallactics.' " (a.) Who is the writer here referred to ? (6.) On what grounds has he proposed the name ? ((•.) On what grounds is it objectionable ? cxii EXAMINATION PAPERS, (d.) What are the inconveniences in the name Political Economy? 2. («.) What, according to M. Bastiat, is the domain, of Political Economy? (6.) Is this description equivalent to that given by Adam Smith? 3. State the fundamental propositions of the Wealth of Nations regarding— («.) The origin of wealth. (6.) The amount of wealth. 4. What ave the circumstances which determine tho energy of labor 1 5. What arc the circumstances which determine the habit of such energy? G. What are the principal methods by wliich the effici ency of industry is increased ? 7. What arc the circumstances which induce thc accu mulation of Capital? 8. What arc the circumstance's which induce the invest ment of Capital ? 9. State and prove the natural limits of Exchange. 10. Has any natural agent, e.g., water, any intrinsic value ? If it has, explain fully what meaning you at tach to tho term ? If it has not, show in what manner it'acquires value. 11. (<(.) What is the ambiguity in the expression Value of money ? (6.) On what does the value of money depend ? FOURTH ORDINARY EXAMINATION. CXIU 12. (or.) What are the direct benefits of Foreign Trade ? (6.) What are its indirect benefits ? (c.) What erroneous opinions as to its advantages have been sometimes received ? FOURTH ORDINARY EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF LL.B. [IN CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY PART II., AND IN POLI TICAL ECONOMY, the papers were the same as for the Third Examination.] LAW.—PART III. 0. T., 18G1. (PROFESSOR HEARN.) 1. What is the distinctive characteristic of the modern Law of Evidence as compared with our own ancient system, or with the systems of most foreign coun tries ? 2. Trace briefly the principal improvements that have been effected in the Law of Evidence since the accession of George II. 3. What is the test for determining on which" of two litigants thc burden of proof rests ? •CX1V EXAMINATION PAPERS, 4. What arc thc principles which regulate thc burden of proof ? 5. What is thc distinction between thc competency and the credibility of a witness? Enumerate the prin cipal classes of persons who are at present incom petent as witnesses. 6. On what conditions is the evidence of an aboriginal native, who is ignorant of thc nature of an oath, receivable ? 7. Is a convicted felon a competent witness ? If he is how can his evidence be obtained ? 8. How far and in what manner may a party discredit his own witness 1 9. State the rule which prohibits thc use of leading questions, and the reasons upon which it is founded. [Thepapers set at this Examination by Mr. Billing on the remaining portion of thit subject have been accidentally omitted.] F. T., 1862. (MR. BILLING.) 1. An action is brought on a contract required to be in writing, and thc defendant wishes to raise the defence of the Statute of Frauds : what plea should he plead ? 2. Give instances of departure in pleading, and define it. 3. Within what periods respectively must the following . actions be brought, viz., Trespass to land—Assault ' —Trespass to goods. FOURTH ORDINARY EXAMINATION. - CXV 4. What is the limitation in the following cases, viz., Actions for slander—False imprisonment—Re plevin ? 5, Suppose you pleaded thc Statute of Limitations to an action on a contract, and a replication was put in on equitable grounds that thc cause of action was fraudulently concealed from the plaintiff until within six years before the commencement of the suit, what xiloading would you put in ? G. What limitation is there to actions brought to recover compensation for loss occasioned by the death of persons killed through the negligence of others ? 7. In an action for having knowingly kept a mischievous animal which injured the plaintiff, if you wished to put in issue that the defendant kept the animal, and further that it was mischievous, what course of pleading would you adopt ? 8. What would be your course of pleading if you wished to put in issue that the defendant knew the animal to be mischievous, and further that it did the injury ? 9. Suppose in an action for negligence the defence to be the plaintiff so contributed by his own negli gence to cause the injury that it was not attribut able to the act of the defendant, in what form would you plead ? 10. What is the rule of evidence as to confession to Clergy and Medical men ? 11. Of what is the Gazette prima facie evidence? 13. (a.) What is thc rule as to the confirmation of accomplices ? State the law fully. CXV1 EXAMINATION PAPERS, (6.) What count will an I 0 U be evidence to sup port? (c.) Is the admission of a stranger to a suit receiva ble in any case ? (d.) Money is paid into Court for an action—is its effect, as an admission, the same whether the declaration contains the common counts, or a special count ? Give the answer fully. 13. Is a iilaintiff bound to give credit in Ids particulars of demand ? 14. Is there any and what distinction between joining Executors as plaintiffs and as defendants in an action ? 15. The executor of A B issues a writ before he obtains Probate—thc admistrator of C D issues one before he obtains administration. Would they be right in their respective proceedings? 16. A lays poison for B, which is taken by C—C dies. A did not know him, and had no malicious intent against him. Would A be guilty of any offence, and what ? 17. Two persons mutually agree to commit suicide together, and the means employed to produce death take effect on one only. Would the survivor be guilty of any offence ? Give the answer fully. 18. What is the distinction between larceny by a servant and embezzlement ? Illustrate it by examples. FOURTH ORDINARY EXAMINATION. CXVU LAW.—PART IV. 0. T., 1801. (PROFESSOR HEARN.) 1. (a.) For what reasons were choses in action not assignable at common law ? (6.) In what manner does an equitable assignment of a chose in action operate ? (c.) What further proceeding beyond the actual assign ment is required to secure the rights of the assignees ? (d.) Explain the principle upon which the. necessity for this proceeding rests. 2. A lady is seised of an estate in fee and is entitled to a large sum of money under thc will of a relation. She occupies a house under a lease for 99 years, and her furniture is of considerable value. She marries without any settlement. (a.) What interest does her husband acquire in this property during the life of his wife, and upon her death during his lifetime ? (6.) Can thc wife in any way obtain during her marriage a provision ? • (c.) What is the reason of thc rule of common law respecting these marital rights and of the interference with it of equity ? 3. A and B purchase an estate to them and their heirs from C for £10,000. Of this sum A pays £7500 . and B the remainder. CXV111 EXAMINATION PAPERS, (a.) What are thc mutual rights of A and B at law and in ecpiity. (6.) Explain thc nature and the reasons of the difference. 4. By a post-nuptial arrangement A conveys a freehold estate to trustees in trust for his wife and children, and by the same instrument declares that he stands possessed of a sum of stock standing in his name upon the like trusts. He afterwards for valuable consideration sells both lands and stock to B who had notice of the settlement. To what extent, if any, have A's wife and children a remedy against B ? 5; A is a tenant for life of an estate worth £5000 with remainder to B in fee. Under an error as to his rights A devises the estate to C, and at the same time bequeaths £700 to B. Is B entitled to both the estate and thc legacy, and if not to both, to wliich • of them ? C. State and illustrate thc different rights at law and in equity of the creditors of a mercantile firm and of the creditors of one of the partners of such firm. 7. (a.) On what grounds does a Court of Equity exercise . jurisdiction in matters of partnership ? (6.) In what cases will such a court decree a dissolution of the xiartnership ? 8. A is seised in fee of one house,'is possessed of a term of two years in another, and has a sum of £1000 stock standing in his name. He holds this property in trust for B, his heirs executors and administrators. B verbally directs A to hold the two houses and the stock in trust for C absolutely, and subsequently FOURTH ORDINARY EXAMINATION. CX1X dies intestate. The property is claimed by his heir and personal representatives and byC. Who is entitled to thc houses and thc stock respectively, and why? 9. State generally thc circumstances in which Equity gives relief against accident, and give some ex amples. 10. (a.) What is meant by Constructive Fraud ? (6.) State the four classes into which it has been divided. (c.) Give an example of each class. 11. (a.) State the different, kinds of legacies. (6.) Give an example of each. (c.) Why is the distinction important? 12. How docs a donatio mortis causa differ—• (a.) From a gift inter vivos. (6.) From a legacy. [Tlie papers set at thi* Examination by Mr. Billing on the remaining portion of this subject hare been accidentally omitted.] E. T., 1862. (MR. RILLING.) 1. A man has performed a valuable part of an agree ment, but is incapable of performing the remainder by a subsequent accident without any default on his part. What is the rule of Equity as to specific performance in such a case ? CXX EXAMINATION PAPERS, 2. There are two co-trustees, and one of them commits a breach of trust: The deed containing a clause of indemnity, would the other be exonerated ? 3. A testator bequeaths property to a woman and her assigns for her life, " for her and their own absolute use and benefit." What is the effect of the bequest ? 4. Mention the several instances of mortgage in which a Court of Equity will decree a sale and not merely a foreclosure. 5. Distinguish between equitable and legal waste, and mention the leading case on the former subject. 6. What is the Equitable Doctrine of Conversion t Give instances of it, and the leading cases on the subject. 7. What is the rale in Equity as to the specifically enforcing voluntary executory trusts ? 8. Suppose a surety pays off thc debt of the principal secured by their bond : what is the rule as to the giving him an assignment of the debt and the bond by which it was secured ? 9. A husband by marriage articles agrees to settle land on himself and the heirs of his body : what would be the effect of a literal execution of these articles, and how woidd they be executed by a Court of Equity ? 10. Will Equity in any case relieve against a valid legal execution of a power 1 11. In favor of what persons will Equity interfere by supplying a defective execution of a power ? In whose favor will it not interfere ? FOURTH ORDINARY EXAMINATION. CXX1 12. A fund in court stands to the separate account of a married woman whose husband survives her and dies before administering to her: are the personal representatives of the wife or of the husband en titled to the fund ? 13. Contract by husband and wife for the sale of her estate—will a Court of Equity enforce it ? 14. A married woman enters into contracts—what is the rule of Equity as to making a decree in per sonam in such case 1 15. Can an infant sustain a suit for specific performance ? 16. In what case has the m.istcr of a ship power to borrow money on bottomry ? What is the rule as to sea risk ? 17. What are the leading cases on the subject of " re puted ownership?" In what instances will the In solvent be considered the reputed owner with the consent and permission of the true owner? 18. To what cases is the remedy by prohibition limited ? Can it issue after judgment ? 19. Iu what instances is the extraordinary jurisdiction by mandamus exercised ? CXMl EXAMINATION PAPERS, FIRST HONOUR EXAMINATION. GREEK. (PROFESSOR IRVING.) 0. T., 1861. 1. Translate— Avcntapi, tTSos dpiorc, KOKWV tvex', ocrcra lopyas. 2. Translate— total hi /Jpa^vs K 8. Explain clearly thc force of thc preposition and of tho case in the following— Si" wpov yXOtv €yx(is> 8ia cfriXia'S ievai, Ttap ipov aKovoto-Ot, Ttapd itdvr icrriv y TVXV. 9. Give examples of the influence of euphony in the formation of Greek words. 10. A brief outline of the principal peculiarities of Homer's syntax and accidence. 11. Distinguish the accentuations and thc corresponding meanings of the following words—a-vv, cnya, Otppos, •>), thtov, fiios, dyoiv, Kparos, cfiws. 12. Translate into Greek, in the style of Demosthenes, and accentuate— It would then be impossible to raise our taxes, and consequently impossible to maintain cither fleets or armies. Our troops abroad would be obliged to enter into tho service of any prince that coidd maintain them, and our troops at home would be obliged to live upon free quarter. But this they could not do long ; for the farmer would neither sow nor reap if he found his produce taken from him by tho starving soldier. In these circumstances I must desire the real friends of our present happy establishment to consider what might be the con sequence of the Pretender's landing among us at the head of a French army. Would he not be looked upon by most men as a saviour ? Would not a majority of the people join with him, in order to rescue thc nation from those that had brought it into such confusion 1 This danger, sir, is, I hope, imaginary, but I am sure it is far from being so imaginary as that which has been held out in this debate, the danger of all thc powers of the continent of Europe being brought under such a slavish -f 2 CXXiv EXAMINATION PAPERS, dependence upon France, as to join with her in, conquering this island, or in bringing it under the same slavish dependence with themselves.— CHATHAM. LATIN. (PROFESSOR IRVING.) 0. T., 1802. 1. Translate— Sed res ipsa cogit rcstituere non videbuntur potuisse ? 2. Translate— DE. Syre, prasceptorum plenusistorum illo. . . . . ut homost, ita morem gcras. 3, Translate into Latin, in the style of Livy—, The same tribunes were re-elected for the year follow ing, and the Terentilian law was now again brought forward, but still as formerly before the assembly of the tribes; its rejection by thc senate being sup- Xioscd to be certain, if it were proposed there in the first instance. The consuls headed thc burghers in their opposition, and in their attempts to interrupt the assembly of the commons by violence ; the tri bunes in return brought some of tho offenders to trial for a breach of the sacred laws, and not wish ing to press for the severest punishment, enforced, according to Dionysius, only the confiscation of the criminals' property to Ceres, whose temple was under the special control of the tediles of the com- FIRST HONOUR EXAMINATION. CXXV mons, and was the treasury of their order. But the burghers, it is said, advanced money out of their own treasury to buy the confiscated estates from those who had purchased them, and then gave them back to their original owners.—ARNOLD. 4. In thc extract from Terence mark thc scansion of the first ten lines. Point out any peculiarities of pro nunciation which arc proved by the scanning. 5. Write brief historical notes on the following—Legio, Posscssio, Maucipium, JES grave. 6. Give the meaning and discuss the derivation of me- dius fidius, pomcerium, usurpo, jurgo, surdus, subli- mis, parasitastcr, obsonium, ausculto, astas. 7. .Give a general sketch (from Madvig) of the employ ment of thc Indefinite Pronouns in Latin. 8. Translate and explain— Triumviri viritim diviscrunt tcrna jugera et serjtunces. Bella fortius quam felicius gessistis, Nullum momentum aunonas fecit. Ut deducto co de capite quod usuris pcrnumc- ratum essct, id quod superesset, triennio acquis portionibus persolveretur. Loris liber ? Liberal! illam assero causa maim, 9. Discuss with examples the use of the dative case in Latin. 10. No Romance Language has preserved the inflection of the Latin Future. , Explain the reason of this, and the origin of the various substitutes employed. CXXV1 EXAMINATION PAPERS•".> ENGLISH AND LOGIC—PART I. (PROFESSOR IRVING.) 1. Mention some of the estimates that have been formed of thc relative proportions of Latin and of Ger manic words iu the English language. 2. Iu the case of a composite language, for instance, English or French, how do you determine to what family of languages it should be referred ? 3. It is certain that English underwent a great change between the Norman conquest and its reappearance as a literary language. Explain the character of this change, and state the various theories xiro- posed to account for it. 4. Discuss the derivation and illustrate the formation of these words—Lady, Chain, Orkney, Bound (in such jihrascs as Outward bound), Spend, Pay, Engrained, Flannel, Island, Ma'am. 5. Compare the forms of the substantive verb, and of the numerals two, three, four, five, iu Greek, Latin, German, and English. G. A brief sketch of the main methods of forming diminutives in English. 7, State and criticise the leading theories as to the origin of language. FIRST HONOUR EXAMINATION. CXXV11 8. Give the converse of the following propositions. If you find any difficulty iu doing so, explain the cause of it. Two and two make four. The men on board are twenty in all. Dant alios aleae fetus. John and Harry beat each other. 9. Proper names have no connotation. State clearly what is meant by tliis dictum. Can the contradic tory, in 37our opinion, be maintained ? 10. Explain, with instances, what is meant by the Gene ralisation of a Term ? 11. In what view of the Proposition is the quantification of the Predicate necessary ? in what inadmissible ? 12. Explain clearly, with instances, the meaning of the following terms— Anomaly, an Ambiguous Process, an Auxiliary : Categorematic, Category, Precept. GEOMETRY. (PROFESSOR WILSON.) 1. Of two unequal magnitudes of the same kind the greater has a greater ratio to any other magnitude of the same kind than the less has. 2. If a solid angle lie contained by three plane angles any two of them are greater than the third. CXXVU1 EXAMINATION PAPERS, 3. Two straight lines ABC and ABE drawn from a point A without a circle meet the circumference of the circle in B and 0 and in D and E. Show that if BD and CE be joined the triangles ABD and AGE will be similar to one another. 4. Tan ^ = 09 Calculate tan 3A. 5. Investigate a general expression for all angles which have the same cosine as 15°. 6. If 0 is tho circular measure of an angle less than a right angle, show that sin 0 is greater than 0 —T- Hence show to how many jilaces of decimals sin 1' agrees with the circular measure of 1'. 7. Investigate an expression for the area of a circle whose radius is r. 8. Express cos *6 in first powers of cosines of multiples of 6. 9. Investigate a series for expanding 6 in powers of tan 6 and explain how this series is used to cal culate the value of -it. * 10. Show that the logarithms of numbers of seven digits may be found correctly to seven places of decimals from tables of logarithms of numbers of five digits by means of proportional parts. FIRST HONOUR EXAMINATION. CXxix ALGEBRA. (PROFESSOR WILSON.) 1. Show that the square root of a whole number must be itself a whole number or an interminable decimal which does not recur. 2. Solve the equations— 4-37-r + 0-23y = 5-84 1 7-51* + 0-32y — 17-9,ri/ .r' — y' = a11 x — y — 6 [ 3. One root of the equation 30a-3 — 89.f2 + 31a; +10 = 0 is i; find the other two roots. 4. Investigate the form of the continued product of n simx-ile binomial factors. 5. Write down the first four terms and the general term of thc expansions of each of the following— 1 (a + x)i Jl — x (3a3 — 5*)' C. Write down the series expressing the value of a" in powers of x. State what law of combination is the • foundation of the proof of this series. 7. Show that a series whose terms are alternately x>osi- tivc and negative, and of which each term is less than tho preceding; term, is convergent. f 3 CXXX EXAMINATION PAPERS, 8. Investigate an expression for thc present value of an Annuity of A pounds a year, to continue for n years at r per cent, per annum. £- + 3x — 7 lto 9. Resolve ix x) (x 2) {x 3) " fractions whose denominators are the factors of its denomi nator. 10. Show that the scries which expresses the value of 11 " [ 1 — _ approaches c as its limit when n increases without limit. CHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY (PROFESSOR M'COY.) 1. Explain fully the theoretical and practical details involved in the method of determining the quantity of Alkali in Pearlash by Schushter's dropping bottle. 2. Write a full mineralogical diagnosis of Diamond— giving all the principal physical characters in tho order of their characteristic importance. 3. Give examples of metallic salts affording (c/.j black (6.) white (c.) green (d.) yellow (f.) orange preci pitates with sulphuretted hydrogen. FIRST HONOUR EXAMINATION. CXXX1 4. How is Selenic Acid formed artificially ? 5. State clearly the difference between " Atomic Measure" and " Atomic Weight," giving examples of each measure for the same substances. G. State some different methods of preparing Ozone and of converting it into Oxygen, drawing conclusions from each process touching its nature. 7. Contrast the characters of the different Oxides of Hydrogen. 8. The mineral sulphide of Iron or Iron Pyrites is often found in a crystalline form bounded by 12x>entagonal faces. What kind of crystal is this said to bo, what is the symbolic formula applied to such crys tals, and how is it related to or derived from any fundamental form ? 9. State clearly the relations between the optic axes, the ordinary and the extraordinary rays, and the crystal- lographic axes in all thc systems of crystals respec tively. 10. In the Tessera! or Monomctric system a mineral occurs bounded by 1.0.0; 1.1.1.; 0.1.1 ; what arc the characteristic angles enabling you to recognise the different fundamental forms in the combination? CXXXii EXAMINATION PAPERS, ANCIENT HISTORY. (PROFESSOR HEARN.) 1. (a.) What was the form and the effect of the Decretum uliimce necessitatis ? (6.) On what principle did the Senate claim the right of issuing this decree ? (c.) State the principal occasions on which it was passed. (d.) How did Augustus and his successors secure themselves against the danger of such a decree being directed against them ? 2. (a.) What was the political object of Caesar's reform of the Calendar ? (?*.) By virtue of what office did he carry this reform ? (c.) Show the importance of this office under the . Empire. (d.) Who was thc last Emperor by whom it was held ? 3. Show how the incidents of the Tribunate were, ex panded into Imperial Prerogatives, and explain thc manner in which this change was effected. 4. (a.) How does Tacitu's trace the various events l>y which Augustus became the undisputed chief of Rome ? (6.) Why was the government of Augustus unopposed ' by thc Romans ? (c.) Why by thc Provincials ? FIRST HONOUR EXAMINATION. CXXX111 5. What were the causes of the decline under Tiberius of the legislative powers of the Comitia Tributa ? C, (a.) What was the original meaning of delator,. i\nd how was this meaning subsequently extended ? (6.) Explain the manner in which the system of delatores grew up under Augustus. (c.) To what practice in the times of the Republic can this system be traced ? 7. What was the difference between the legal position of Roman women who were married with, and those who were married without, the convenlioinmanum? 8. State and explain thc different modes by which a marriage cum conventione in manum could be con tracted. 9. Explain fully the meanings attached by Roman Jurists to the following terms expressive of jiroprietary rights : (a.) Dominium. (6.) Servitudes. (o.) Ususfructus. 10. (a.) Explain the different modes in which at different periods of Roman history a valid will might be made. (6.) Trace the circumstances which gave rise to each of these forms. 11. (a.) What is an Obligatio, and how does it differ from a Pactum ? CXXX1V EXAMINATION PAPERS, (6.) Explain from this distinction the meaning of the maxim— " Ex undo pacto actio non oritur." (c.) What is the classification of obligaliones con sidered with reference to their origin ? Give examples of each class. x 12, (a.) Trace the various stages in the history of Roman criminal law. (6.) At what time and in what circumstances did a true criminal law come into existence at Rome ? SECOND HONOUR EXAMINATION. [IN GREEK, LATIN, ENGLISH AND LOGIC PART I., GEOMETRY AND IN ANCIENT HISTORY, the papers were the same as for the First Honour Examination.] ENGLISH AND LOGIC—PART II. (PROFESSOR IRVING.) 1. Can any better test of a Compound be given than that mentioned by Latham ? If so, state it, and show its applicability. 2. Discuss the employment of Epithets in poetry, witli examples from Milton, Chaucer, or other poets. SECOND HONOUR EXAMINATION. CXXXV 3. Contrast the narrative style of Chaucer with that of Milton. 4. State briefly what you know of the life of Shakspere. Name tho plays usually printed as his, and give the dates assigned to them. 5. Contrast a tragedy of Shaksperc's with a Greek tragedy. G. What is meant by the term " Sign," in Rhetoric ? Give examples. 7. Mention any differences of Syntax or of Inflection between the English of Shakspere and that of the present day. 8. Exxilain clearly the difference between an Individual and a Proper Name. 9. Explain how a system of Categories came to be con sidered a part of a system of Logic. Give Aristotle's list, and Mill's criticism upon it. 10. What does Mill mean by a "Kind" ? 11. Discuss thc nature of the Argument from Analogy. 12. Examine the following, both as regards their logical import, and their rhetorical expression :— (1.) These violent delights have violent endings, And in their triumph die; like fire and powder, Which, as they kiss consume; the sweetest honey Is loathsome in Ids own deliciousness, And in the taste confounds the appetite : CXXXV1 EXAMINATION PAPERS, Therefore love moderately; true love doth so : Too swift arrives as tardy as too slow. (2.) So can I give no reason, nor I will not, More than a lodged hate, and a certain loathing 1 bear Antonio, that I follow thus . A losing suit against him. Arc you answered ? Bass. This is no answer, thou unfeeling man, To excuse the current of thy cruelty. Shylock. I am not bound to please thee with my answer. Bass. Do all men kill the things they do not love ? Shylock. Hates any man tho thing he would not kill ? Bass. Every offence is not a hate at first. Shylock. What! would'st thou have a serpent sting thee twice ? Anto. I pray you think, you question with the Jew. NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. (PROFESSOR WILSON.) X. A concave mirror is formed of a portion of a spherical surface whose radius is four feet; an object an inch long is xilaccd in front of it at a distance of six feet; calculate thc magnitude and position of the imago, and draw a figure showing thc course of a pencil of rays from a point of the object to an eye which sees the imago. 2. Describe carefully the arrangement of the experiment with a prism for procuring a spectrum in which each iiart contains rays of one rofrangibility only. What arc Fraunhofer's lines ? What use is made of them in optical observation ? SECOND HONOUR EXAMINATION. CXXXvii 3. Find a general expression for the focal length of a lens in terms of the radii of the two spherical sur faces. 4. Describe thc essential parts of the arrangement for producing the dark cross with polarised light and a uniaxal crystal; and explain the formation of the cross. 5. Investigate a formula for correcting thc observed time of Transit of a Star for a small error of level in the transit instrument. 6. From thc following data— Time of Transit. Declination. 1801, March 20, Sun 23/i 49»* 35-83« 0° 2' 37-3" S a Crucis 12 8 67' 35 March 21, Sim 23 53 14-13 0 21 34 N calculate the R. A. of the star and the error-of the clock. 7. A person observing with a sextant brings the lowcrlimb of thc sun to contact with its image in an artificial horizon, and finds thc greatest reading he can obtain is 84° 7' 30". He knows his longitude to be about X4X° east from Greenwich, and the Nautical Alma nack gives for the preceding and following Green wich mean noon— June 1, Sun's Dec, N 22' 5' 50-7 Seim-oiam. 15' 48-1" 2, „ „ 22 13 437 „ „ 15 480 Determine his latitude to the nearest half-mile, omitting the correction for refraction. 8. Explain thc nature of the precession of the Equinoxes. C-XXXVm EXAMINATION PAPERS, 9. A vertical rod of soft iron is fixed in a ship with its upper end ou a level with the compass and a little forward of it. What will be its effect on thc course of the ship when her head is cast by the compass ? and how will this effect be modified as the ship passes from a high north latitude to a high south latitude ? 10. Explain thc means by which electricity of sufficient intensity to produce a spark in air is obtained from a battery. 11. Two observatories, A and B, are connected by a telegraphic wire of known length : describe the observations to be made at the two stations and the mode of combining them so as to determine the difference of lougitude of A and B and thc time occupied in thc passage of the signal from station to station. 12. Describe thc construction of an astatic needle, and exxilain thc advantage of using such a needle in constructing a delicate galvanometer. CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY.—PART I. (PROFESSOR HEARN.) 1. (a.) Show the historical importance of the Feudal System. (6.) What event marks the maturity of the system, and what is thc date of this event ? SECOND HONOUR EXAMINATION. CXXxix 2. (a.) Explain the custom of Commendation. (6.) On what principles was it founded ? (c.) In what respects did it differ from Feudalism ? 3. (a.) What was the principle of Monarchical Succes sion in Early Europe ? (6.) At what time and in what manner was this prin ciple modified in England ? 4. (a.) In a dispute between a King and a Mesne Lord, which side, according to the principles of Feudal Law, ought the vassal of the latter to take ? (6.) State and explain the difference, if any, between the Law of England and that of France on this subject. 5. What arc the reasons for believing that the Feudal servitudes did not belong to the earlier period of the system ? C. (a.) What were the distinctive marks of nobility when it was not accompanied by the actual tenure of land ? (6.) At what period were these marks adopted ? 7. How does Mr. Hallam account for the tendency towards Civil Equality which is conspicuous in English Law ? 8. (a.) State the evidence of Bracton as to the limita tion of the prerogative in his time. (6.) Give some account of Bracton and of his writings. 9. (a.) What was the earliest occasion on which the House of Commons successfully attacked an' unpopular Ministry ? Cxi EXAMINATION PAPERS, (6.) What are the reasons for believing that the Com mons at this period could not, if unaided, maintain a contest with the Crown ? (c.) Show that this action of the House of Commons marks a sensible change in the character of our Constitution. 10. Mr. Hallam says, "perhaps the triple division of our Legislature may bo dated from this innovation." (a.) What is the innovation to which he refers ? (6.) What were the circumstances that gave rise to it ? (c.) How did this innovation produce the triple division of our Legislature ? (d.) Is there any, and, if any, what, difference between the present theory of our Constitution as to the seat of thc Legislative power and the theory accepted in thc times of the Plantagenets ? 11. (a.) What are the proofs that Elizabeth was desirous of obtaining an influence in the House of Commons ? (6.) What was the manner in which this influence was secured ? (c.) What is the inference from these facts as to the extent of her Prerogative ? 12. (a.) What were the three leading objects of the domestic policy of James the Second ? (6.) Explain fully the circumstances that rendered each of these measures offensive to his own supporters. THIRD HONOUR EXAMINATION. cxli THIRD HONOUR EXAMINATION. SCHOOL OF LANGUAGE AND LOGIC. PROFESSOR IRVING. I. Translate— (a.) w KXILVCL SaXa/us • .' . . p.tXioL$ 'Arpabats Soph. Ajax, 597—620. (6.) aXX' 7jX6tv avrcp yvOpaKwp.tvo'; Msoh. P. V., 358—372. (c.) w r!}s ptydXys i-TtiOvpycra'; . ov8' iTtiOtiyv Xiftavwrov Arist. Clouds, v. 412—426. (tZ.) ivOavcra uv ayKairj Her., vii., 139. (e.) Mcra Se TOITO . TtavOyvai TOV KLVSVVOV Thucydides II., c. 77. (/.) *H fJLTjV KOL iroVos eariv . 6avp.d£op.tv dtov irvxOy Homer, Iliad ii., 291—320. cxlii EXAMINATION PAPERS, II. Translate— (a.) Cur.iti ut splendor . . insane edam. Plautus, M. G. I., 1, 1—24. (6.) Turn canit Hespcridum ...... supervolitaverit alis. Virgil, Bucolicon vi., v. 61—81. (c.) Nunc accipc quare Desipiant omnes aequo ...... et quum volet arbor. Horace, Satires II., 3, 46—73. ((?.) Ipse avcrsus a consiliis ejus est qui vivere velit. Tacitus, Histories ii., 47. (e.) Non alias militi familiavit patefacta strage vasta cernetis. Livy vii,, 33. (/) Hoc dico si helium hoc ...... dignitatis habuisse. Cicero, pro Murena, xvi., 34. III. 1. Translate, explain fully, and refer to their proper context the following— (a.) TtipitTy, rtrpds, rpi-rn, ptra. Tavryv StvTtpa tiO yv tyw p-dXictTa Ttacrwv yptpwv StSoiKa . . . .Ivy rt KOL via. (6.) EK TOV ETTI TrXEtoroi' Sta TO XtTtToyewv dcrtaoiaaTOV owov WKOVV 61 avroi dtl (c.) OVTE K.opLv6iw dvopl TtpOKaTapxdptvoi TWV \tpwv {d.) Ttov Tsv/cpos; (is aKpaios ti j3aiy poXoi (e.) Kai tpXoywTta, aypara i^wppLarwcra itpoa-Otv bvr' ittdpytpa THIRD HONOUR EXAMINATION. cxliii (./".) TttpL^OV WV tpol tl py TtTfldp-tTpOV idTLV l)p,LCKTtOV (f/.) vopoBiras KaOidTort, iv SE TOVTOIS TOIS vop.oOirai'; py 6yo-$t vupov pyBiva. (h.) numcros mcmini si verba tencrcm. (i.) Provoco inquit. Audita vox una vindex liber- tatis, ex eo missa ore quo vindiciaa nuper ab libertate dicta erant silentium fecit. (j.) Qui species alias vcris scclcrisquc tumultu permixtas capiet. {k.) Nudius sextus quoi talentum mutuom, Dcdi, reposcam, ut habcam mecum quod feram viaticum. (/.) Itaquc illud Cassianum, cui bono fuerit, in his pcrsonis valeat. (m.) Corpora condcrc quam crcmarc c more /Egyp- tio : eademque cura et de infernis pcrsuasio. 2. Discuss and illustrate the form of these words— dvaKwxy, Trpooii-TO, TtavSypti, TttBdpa-ios, t£ti, TtappipfiXwKt, faxit, gemellus, aspcllere, simplex, soror, abalienaricr. 3. Discuss the etymology and thc meaning of d/ioXyos, EXXOS, dy^iaXos, Trpovo-EXEti', ivtxvpdiTaadai, AvKyytvys, mult.iro, medius fidius, thesaurus, asrumna, nuntins, solstitialis morbus. 4. Exxilaiii the following constructions, and give if you can parallel instances— (1.) tfi oiKycrtL ptTtlxov. (2.) vavdpxov; poXtiv ?;p,as A^aiSv ovrt o"ov &Lwp6crw. (3.) £vp,Ttcctwv p.oVos povoii;. Cxliv EXAMINATION PAPERS, (4.) TvrBa 6" tK IV.—1. Give the Etymology of ut. Point out its original meaning, and trace, with examines from your read ing, its derived uses. 2. The Greeks were called $IXO/AEVOXOI (lovers of parti ciples). Illustrate this dictum by a comparison of English with Greek idioms. 3. The Latin Language is said to have been prone to contraction. Prove this, both from individual words, and from general grammatical forms. 4. Latin was, at the revival of classical knowledge, thought to be derived from Greek. On what was this notion based; and to what conclusion docs thc evidence, properly examined, lead ? 5. State what is known of tho Etrucans and of their language. G. Discuss tho state of the Greek language at the date of the composition of thc Homeric poems. 7. Trace the growth of Greek Tragedy. Give some account of it as maintained by thc State. 8. What light is thrown on the ordinary spoken language of Rome by the plays of Plautns and Terence ? 9. Give some account of the Greek Calendar. THIRD HONOUR EXAMINATION. cxlv 10. Contrast the styles of Thucydides and Herodotus. 11. A brief sketch of the life and literary labours of Cicero ? 'J 2. Give a brief account, with d.itcs, of the following authors—Ctcsias, Theocritus, Juvenal, Polybius, Najvius, Seneca. V.—1. Mention and characterise briefly the leading Eng lish Authors between the Restoration and the acces sion of the House of Hanover (omit Milton). 2. Give a brief outline of the growth of the English Language. 3. By what authors, of what period, and in what works, are the following found— (1.) The sessions of sweet, silent thought. (2.) Britons never shall be slaves. (3.) I could not love thee, sweet, so much, Loved I not honour more. (4.) The strain I hoard was of a higher mood. (5.) Storied urn or animated bust. (G.) Pleasure never is at home. 4. Give a brief sketch of the life and poetry of Milton. 5. Contrast the Classical and the Romantic Drama. G. Discuss tho various theories of Poetry, and construct a definition of it. 7. What objections may bo urged against the theory that Beauty depends on Habit only ? g Cxlvi EXAMINATION PAPERS, 8. Can Rhetoric be fairly considered a branch of applied Logic ? 9. Discuss the various views of the object of the pro vince of Logic. 10. Explain the meaning of the following terms—Intui tion, Imagination, Concept, Percept, Rcductio ad absurdum, Enthymeme. 11. What is Mill's view of Kinds as distinguished from Classes ? 12. What is a fallacy? How is it distinguished from a Sophism ? VI. 1. Translate into Greek Prose- Jam, cum ita natura comparati sumus, ut vis quidqnam humani a nobis alicnum esse pntcmus, turn inest ccrtc illiquid in gravissimis luctiiosisque fortunis, quod prrccipua quadam vi percellit sonsus, et defixas tenet hominum mentes. Hoc aliis alitor evenire visum est. E.xistimaverunt nomiulli alienas calamitateset molestias intuendo, nostras si qua; fuerint aliquantum levari ; vol si nosmet in' tuto consistamns, eo ipso volnptatem percipi non exiguam, secundum Lucrulinuum illud, Qiiiljus ipso malis caroas (jnia cemerc suave est. Qnidam alia rursus ab origine tot.-un rem repetunt. Statuunt imjirimis nihil magisab hominis natura abhorrerc quam ut cessationc torjicat. Hinc aliqnid, aiunt, semper anquirimus quod irritet seusus, atque animo quasi somnum excutiat. Hinc ad alcam et ludos advolatur; ut incertis rerum' eventibus suspensus interea teneatur THIRD HONOUR EXAMINATION. cxlvii ainmus, atque altcrnis spci, metus, gaudii, majroris fluctibus agitctur. Hinc ad inccndia, erodes, carnificinas vulgo concurritur. Hinc homioidia, naufragia, eversas domes fractasque familiarum spes avidc auribus arripimus. Qum tamen omnia tantum afferunt sccum molcstiarum, si quando reipsa accidant, ac vit.13 societatem tantopcrc pertnrbant, ut nemo ita inhumanus exsistat, qui luce ad suam qualemcunque volup- tatem efh'ciendam evenire cupiat. Quapropter illud inter castera Poctictc arti laudi ducunt, quod fabulas ad vcri similitudinem confictas sensibus subjicieudo, hujusccmodi voluptatis instrumcutum sui'ipeditet, salvo interim rerum statu fortunisquc hominum ilhesis. 3. Translate into Latin Prose— The genius of thc popular champion was never unequal to the opportunities which fortune pre sented to him, and seemed now to shine the more brilliantly from the pinnacle of glory which he had attained. If he practised every artifice to acquire or retain thc affections of all classes, it was to ensure an abundant return of gratitude, and acquiescence in the demands he meditated. While ho dazzled them with the lustre of his splendid achievements, and tempered with kind ness and affability the haughtiness of military command, ho secured an indemnity for the bold ness with which he had multiplied his legions beyond the limits fixed by thc government, and fortified his position against the malevolence of a future consul. In lavishing upon his flatterers the spoils of his successful wars, he was pre paring to thrust his hands into thc jaiblic treasury, for the payment of the armies he had led to victory, These manoeuvres were crowned with a a 9 Cxlviii EXAMINATION PAPERS, largo measure of success. Senators and knights > returned to Rome, their ears tingling with his compliments, their hands overflowing with his benefactions. The spendthrift extolled his gene rosity ; thc prudent admired his dexterity ; even of the best and gravest many bowed beneath the ascendancy of his character, in which they beheld the last pledge of public order, energy and security. SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCE. (PROFESSOR M'COY.) L—ELEMENTS OF STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC BOTANY. 1. Describe the essential parts of the blossoms both of Angiospermous and Gymnospermous plants, and detail thc various changes in the embryo, from its first formation to its germination in some example of each of those two great groups. 2. Describe the primary cell of vegetable structures, and trace its changes in the formation of cellular tissue, vascular tissue, and thc assumption of pitted and scalariform structure. 3. Describe the fibro-vascular structure of the stem of a Palm, an Acrogcnous, and a Dicotyledonous Tree. 4. What are the elements required for the food of plants, and what parts of plants can assimilate nitrogenous matters ? THIRD HONOUR EXAMINATION. Cxlix 5. State the chief characters of the great groups of plants called Endogcns, Gymnogens, and Exogcns, men tioning some exanyilcs of each. 6. Mention some natural orders of Exogenous plants, entering into the groups Hypogyna, Perigyna, and Epigyna respectively. 7. To what natural orders would you refer (1) a seaweed, (2) a mushroom, (3) an apple, (4) a pine apple, (6) a stone pine, and (G) a water lily. II.—ELEMENTS OF CHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY. 1. How is Aragonite distinguished from calcareous spar, and what shape docs it assume when heated iu the flame of a spirit lamp 1 2. State clearly the action of a double refracting crystal on polarised light, and how you ascertain the num ber of " Extraordinary Rays" in given crystals. 3. Name all thc Metalloids as nearly as you can in the order of their electro-chemical powers. 4. What numbers express the hardness of thc minerals Corundum, Apatite, Topaz, Felspar, Quartz, Calca reous Spjar, and Fluor Spar ? 5. Define accurately all the crystalline fundamental forms ; referring each to its system. 6. Describe fully the process for the manufacture of Sul phuric Acid. 7. What are the chief facts on which Dumas founded the theory of Chemical Triads ? d EXAMINATION PAPERS, III.—ELEMENTS OF COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY. 1. Of what tissues are tho teeth of Quadrupeds and Fishes respectively comx>oscd ? 2. State in detail the anatomical structure and function of the different parts of the stomach of a ruminat ing animal 3. What are thc structural peculiarities of the heart and the greater vessels, and what the course of thc blood in the circulation of a bony fish, a shark, a reptile, and a bird respectively. 4. Enumerate the bones of thc posterior limb and hips ' in mammalia, and thc modifications of each, cha racteristic of man, monkeys, ruminating animals, horses, and whales respectively. 5. Characterise briefly all the Orders of Insects. C. What are the characters used for thc definition of thc Eight Orders of Birds 1 7. How arc the true Sauria distinguished from the Batrachia and the crocodiles ? IV.—GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. 1. Write down the mineral constituents of each of all the igneous rocks ? 2. Write down in thc order of superposition all thc sub ordinate formations of thc Mesozoic Scries. THIRD HONOUR EXAMINATION. di 3. What Vertebrate animals characterise the Pliocene and Post-pliocene deposits of Europe, Asia, North and South America, and Oceania, respectively ? 4. Mention some Mollusca with their distinguishing characters marking the Triassic rocks. 5. In what formations do thc following genera begin and end their existence in time—- 1 Area, 2 Belemnitcs, 3 Tcrcbratula, 4 Fenestella, 5 Phillipsia, 6 Brontes, 7 Cy there, 8 Hippuritcs. 6. What Echinoderniata would help to identify the following formations from being peculiar to them— 1 Lias, 2 Upper Chalk, 3 Mountain Limestone, 4 Great Oolite, 5 Devonian, 6 Fullers' Earth, 7 Eocene Tertiary ? 7. What arc the characters of the principal genera of fishes found in the Devonian and Carboniferous formations, respectively ? SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE. (PROFESSOR HEARN.) 1. Enumerate the principal political reforms that were effected during thc reign of William III. ' 2. (a.) Enumerate the occasions on which William III. exercised thc power of the veto. (6.) Explain his reason for so acting on each of these occasions ? dii EXAMINATION PAPERS, (c.) Why did he abstain from using this power in the case of the Army Bill ? (d.) What was tho last occasion on which this power was used ? (e.) How do you account for its disuse ? (/.) Is the expression " the Royal Veto" correct ? Is there any, and, if any, what analogy between it and the Tribunitian A^eto ? 3. (a.) What was tho cause of the depreciation of the currency in the reign of William III. ? . (6.) Why was the more issue of good coins an in sufficient remedy ? (c.) Why was the punishment of death for clipping an insufficient remedy ? ((/.) By what moans was the proper state of the cur rency restored ? (e.) What were thc circumstances which in that par ticular year diminished the dangers incidental to this reformation of the currency ? 4. Lord Macaulay describes tho Forfeiture Resumption Bill of 1 COS as violent, unjust, and unconstitutional. (a.) Show the propriety of each of these epithets. (6.) What was thc expedient adopted by the Com mons to secure the passage of this bill through thc House of Lords ? (c.) Could such an expedient be now adopted ? • (d.) What previous attempt had been made by the House of Commons to resume Crown grants in England, and with what success ? (c.) What arc the differences between the last men tioned case and thc Irish Forfeitures ? THIRD HONOUR EXAMINATION. cliii 5. State the arguments l>y which an honest and intelli gent Jacobite (<,'. (/. Lord llarcourt) would have jus tified his support of thc Pretender. 6. (a.) What are the four periods into which Edmund Burke divides the policy of England in refer ence to her American colonies ? (6.) What were tho circumstances wliich gave rise to Mr. Grenvillc's Stamp Act ? (c.) What were the circumstances which gave rise to Mr. Townsend's Excise Act' 7. (a.) What evidence have we to show that the Reform Ministries were not always so strong as they are usually represented ? (6.) Mention some remarkable defeats which Mr. Pitt after his victory over the Coalition Ministry sustained. 8. State the principal measures carried by Mr. Pitt during the first part of his long administration. 9. Lord Macaulay observes that the mythical Pitt re sembles thc genuine Pitt as little as the Charle magne of Ariosto resembles the Charlemagne of Eginhard. (a.) Describe the policy attributed to the mythical Pitt. (6.) Compare this supposed policy with Mr. Pitt's actual conduct. (c.) How do you account for the existence of the error ? Jt 3 rliv EXAMINATION PAPF.RS, 10. State the case of Stockdalc v. Hansard, and the grounds upon which it was decided. How was the particular difficulty that arose in that ease met, and what is the value (if any) of thc case, and the subsequent proceedings connected with it, as a Iirecedent ? 11. Mr. Hallam notices a remarkable contrast between thc Statute Books of England and of Scotland as to thc influence of the Crown. What is this contrast, and how can it be explained ? 12. How do you account for thc Highland Rebellious in favor of the Stuarts ? 13. What were the causes of the decline of the power of the Scottish nobility during the 18th century ? 14. When and in what circumstances did the King of England become King of Ireland ? 15. What was the Irish Bill of Rights ? When, by whom, and in what circumstances was it carried ? —]. Herodotus relates a story, which ho evidently re gards as absurd, told by some Phoenician sailors, that "in sailing round Libya they had the sun on their right hand," /. e. to the north. What is the test of the evidence in support of such a statement wliich Herodotus in thc then state of knowledge ought to have required ? When events are narrated as having happened before the writer's own time, without any reference to any authority contemporary with those events, what is the test of their historical credibility? THIRD HONOUR EXAMINATION. civ 3. M. La Place asserts that " the action of time inces santly weakens the probability of historical facts." (a.) What arc the grounds for this assertion ? (6.) Show that these reasonings arc inapplicable to the transmission of historical evidence. 4. What are the conditions of society, both positive and negative, favorable to the generation of Mythes ? 5. What in such a state of society is the function of the Mythe ? G. How do you account for the general adoption of the semi-historical theory of thc Mythe ? What weight, if any, do you a'ttach to these reasons ? II.—1. What is thc function of History in Political Philosophy ? 2. What is meant by an Economic Law, and what is the nature of the arguments by which it is established or refuted ? 3. State the grounds on which Mr. Mill describes Political Economy as an hypothetical science, and Mr. Senior's objections to this description. 4. " In any tolerably advanced science there is properly no such thing as an exception." Explain this statement. 5. " There is one social element which is predominant and almost paramount among the agents of thc. Social Progression." (a.) What is this clement ? (6.) How is its influence proved 1 dvi EXAMINATION PAPERS, (c.) State the generalization that has been proposed as to thc various stages through wldch it passes. 6. Mr. Mill remarks that thc writers of tho new Historical School, in France, " are mostly chargeable with a fundamental misconception of the true method of Social Philosophy." (a.) Mention some of thc principal writers re ferred to. (6.) What writer docs Mr. Mill specially except from his charge ? (c.) What is thc object of this School ? (d.) In what docs its error consist ? III.—1. What is meant by an Institution ? What arc the two kinds of Institutions as regards their origin ? Give examples of each. 2. What are thc necessary attributes of a complete Institution ? 3. Is the representative system merely a substitute for the ancient poimlar assembly, or has it any, and, if any, what substantive importance ? 4. Does the constitutional law of England or of America recognise in any, and, if any, what way the repre sentative system as being a substantive Institution ? 5. State and account for thc difference between the ancient and .the modern ideas of liberty. 6. What, according to Liober, are the two great types of government now existing among civilised men, and what are their respective characteristics ? THIRD HONOUR EXAMINATION, clvii I.T—1. What, according to Mr. Ric.irdo, are the only causes of difference in the value of land? Is there any other cause? If there be, state its nature and explain its influence. 2. Mr. Mill says that there are only two propositions which the Ricardian theory of rent really involves. What arc these propositions ? How far, if at all, are they inconsistent with the views of Mr. Carey. 3. (a.) What is thc proof of tho Law of Diminishing Returns ? (6.) What seems to be thc use of this Law ? (c.) Do you consider the Law applicable exclusively to land? State thc reasons for your opinion. 4. A" Italian economist writes, " Carey and, after him, Bastiat, have introduced a formula (as to value) that 1 believe destined to be universally adopted * '"' " I regard tliis formula as most felicitous." («.) What is the formula ? (6.) In what docs its peculiar felicity, if any, con sist ? (c.) How far does it coincide with Adam Smith's description of what is dear and what is cheap ? 5. Explain the exact nature of the benefit which a pro ducer or a dealer derives from a new customer. C. State the theory of wages and profits given by Mr. Carey and M. Bastiat, and the arguments by which it is supported. 7. Mr. Mill observes that " tho cost of labor is a func tion of three variables." Explain this proposition. Clviii EXAMINATION PAPERS, 8. M. Bastiat contends that competition is the true Communism and the true St. Simonism. (a.) Explain the systems to which he refers. (6.) Show how competition attains the results at which they aim. 9. What are the principal economic changes that have hitherto characterised the progress of civilized society? II.—1. What arc the three functions of Government recognized by Adam Smith? What are thc dif ferent classes of public works and institutions which he considers that a Government may support ? 2. How does Smith show thc expediency of providing thc revenue for public purposes from taxation, and not from any other source ? 3. Mr. Mill observes that " laissez faire" is the general rule, but subject to large exceptions. (a.) What are the reasons which he urges in support of thc rule? (6.) What are tho exceptions wliich he allows ? {<:.) Do you think that these exceptions or any of them ought to be admitted? 4. (a.) In any argument relative to the imposition of protective duties, where does the burden of proof rest? [!>.) What, in such an argument, must be proved, assuming the usual maxims of Political Eco nomy ? (c.) Is it possible, by thc same tax, both to raise a revenue and to stimulate domestic industry ? THIRD HONOUR EXAMINATION. clix (d.) Mention some cases in which protection has been or may be conceived to bo useful ? ( EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF M.A. FEBRUARY TERM, 1862. SCHOOL OF LANGUAGE AND LOGIC. (PROFESSOR IRVING.) L—TH UCYDIDKS, L—IV. Translate—• ((7.) TrapaXaflovTt'; Se ui'roiis ol KcpKvpaioi 7)^5pa77oot(ravTO. Tliucyd. iv., c. 47, § 3—c. 4 8, § 4. (6.) Tyv p.cv TtapdSocrLv TOL'S y/uv EViorpaTEixraiTas. Tliucyd. iii., c. 53, 54, § 2. 1. What is the historical value of thc speeches given by Thucydides ? 2. Give an account of all tho history of Corcyra detailed in these books. 3. Where are CEnophyta, Gythium, Cercine, /Eniada;, Amphipolis, Nisiea. 4. Explain these nautical terms: uxarioi' dptfrypiKov, opptiv oppit,tLv, oAxa?, TpoTtonyp, ETri/Jarai. EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF M.A. dxi 5. Translate and explain the following phrases : E'S TttvTacna rdXavra dytiv pirpa, ttdvrwv dntpiOTrroi Ttaph, TO VLKU.V, iv ^pw irapaTrXEOVTES, iv dp<\>iji6Xw yiyvtaSai,, i£avaxo>pitv TO. elpypiva, ov jiovXop.ivw ttvai. G. Give the equivalent English for thc following terms, explaining and deriving them also—vrryptaia.— £$£Xo7rpo£-Ei/os— ittyptia—XV^-V—" dyos—EyKtipcrtos— £vXuxris—E?riT£t^io is- II.—PI.ATO, KEPUBLIC. Translate— (f(.) dpiiTKti yovv, yv 8' iyh, wmttp TO Ttporepov • • . TtXiw; iTtiKaraSapOdvtLv. Plato, Republic, b. vii., p. 534. (6.) crcpas ovv ETTEISI/ a(j}iKta-6aL TO 5E KUl ptlTOVV T011TWV. Plato, Republic, b. x., p. G17 e, 618 b. •1. What is the object of the myths employed by Plato? 2. What docs Plato mean by toWi? Trace thc influence of this theory on later philosophy. 3. Give a brief sketch of the life and the character of Socrates. 4. Give the Greek names of the various branches of education laid down by Plato, with their English equivalents. 5. Translate and explain thc following phrases : Tyv 'A-SpdoTEiav TtpoaKvi-tiv, dc^LKoiyv p.ivrdv, fibtXvpo's yap £i, TO TOI'TOU ixoptvov, ATTOXXCUI'I TW TTOTpoiu), py dXXwS TTOtEl- dxii EXAMINATION PAPER*, 6. Give the equivalent English for thc following terms, deriving and explaining them: hpappivyj, dXifiavrf;, EiriTptTos Ttv9p,yv, t'jXtwpivos, KaTaKcp/iaTL^ta-Oai, pyrpis, xapi^'TL^t III.— Livv, BOOKS L— V. Translate— ((,-.) Multi vcnisse tcmpus prcmcndic plebis putabant . . . plebisque non patrum tribunos esse. Livy, ii., c. 34, 35. [d.) Auxit cam iram . quod impcrator csset militibus minatus. Livy, iv., c. 49, 50. 1. Give from Livy a list of thc Roman kings, with dates. Mention thc grounds on wliich this is rejected as non-historical. 2. Distinguish vigiliaj, stationcs, prresidia; plcbs, popu- 1ns; provocatio, appellatio, intercessio; tributum, vectigal 3. Derive and explain unciarium fenus, addictus, sacro- sanctus, trames, quadruplator, lectistcrnium, deli- bare. 4. Translate and explain these phrases : vades publicos dare; justum bellum; graviore anui tempore jam circumacto; fcrrc agere plebem, plebisque res; semu horaj in orbem opcri attributac sunt; nee auspicato nee litato. EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF M.A. clxiii IV.—TACITUS.—AJWALS, GZRMAKIA, ACIUCOLA. (c.) Est videre ajiud eos argcntea vasa .... infamiam laquco finierunt. Tacitus, Germania, c. 5, § 4, and c. G. (d.) Dum base per provincias . mox ad man us et ferrum transirent. Tacitus, Histories, c. 87, 88. 1. Mention the principal tribes of ancient Germany, and show how the names of any of them arc retained in modern times. 2. Distinguish between propinquus, adfinis; arvum, agcr ; casus, galea ;'vertices and juga montium ; liccntia, libido. 3. Translate and explain the following phrases : scditio sine sanguine stctit; transisso aistuaria decorum in frontem ; fcuus agitare ct in usuras cxtendere ; lege curiata apud pontificcs adoptare ; medio diei tcmu- > lontus ct sagina gravis. 4. Derive and explain these words: rixa, dcliborare, cxercitus togati, commeatus, indigena, enavatus, suoYctaurilia. V. 1. Mention thc names of thc principal Etruscan deities. Derive.and explain them. 2. What is known about the Oscan x>lays ? 3. On what grounds is the study of the Classical languages urged by Donaldson ( dxiv EXAMINATION PAPERS, 4. Whence was the Greek alphabet derived? Give tho theory of its formation. 5. Explain thc etymology of these words: custos, Titicnses, civis, Harlequin, Punch, AiGvpapfios, KoXos, FoVa£. G. Of what varying degrees of necessity do necessary judgments admit? 7. What account does Manscl give of thc idea of "sub stance"? 8. What is, according to Mill, the true view of a propo sition ? 9. St.ite and explain the four methods of experimental inquiry. Show how they were used in forming a theory of dew. 10. What is meant by an approximate generalization, and why and how arc such generalizations valuable ? 11. Enumerate and briefly explain tho circumstances chiefly instrumental in operating on thc passions. 12. What rhetorical tropes are conducive to vivacity, and how ? EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF M.A. clxv SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCE. (PROFESSOR M'COY.) I.—GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OP PLANTS AND ANIMALS. 1. What is understood by "Specific centres"? Give some examples. 2. What arc the conditions, in temperate climates, mainly influencing the Polar limits of annual and perennial plants respectively ? Give examples in support of your answer. 3. Arrange the following groups of plants used for food in the relative order of their successive disappear ance in America with an increase of altitude of the localities, viz.:— (a.) Region of wheat and maize. (6.) Coniferous trees. (c.) Palms. (a7.) Barley and oats. (e.) Sugar and cotton. (/.) Mosses. (fi.) Bananas. 4. Trace approximately the North and South Equ.itorial climatal limits of Wheat (grown in winter) giving your reasons for thc more remarkable deviations from the nearest parallels of latitude. dxvi EXAMINATION PAPERS, 5. Enumerate as many as you can of Schouw's Phyto- geograpliical Regions of the Earth, fixing the limits of tiiosc you give, both for temperature and space. G. What Marsupial Genera of Mammalia occur in the Old World, and where are they found ? 7. What is the geographical range of (or.) The Thumb-less Apes. (6.) Monkeys with prehensile tails. (c.) Thc Lemurs. 8. From what parts of the world arc indigenous species of the genus Felis absent ? 9. To what parts of the Earth are the members of the family Camelida) confined ? II.—GENERAL, EXTERNAL, AND ANATOMICAL CHA RACTERS OF CLASSES, ORDERS, AND FAMILIES OF ANIMALS. 1. What arc the general anatomical and external charac ters of the Rotifera, and into what families are they grouped 1 2. Explain what is meant by tho "alternation of gene rations" in the Ilydroida, and how docs it contrast with the development by ova of the same ? 3. Define thc eight principal Orders of the Echinoder- mala, 4. State briefly the distinguishing anatomical and exter nal characters of the five Classes of the Homogan- gliata. EXAMINATION FOR THE DECREE OF M.A, clxvii 5. Characterise the chief families of each of tho two orders of Cephalopoda. C. Define the six principal Orders of the Class of Fishes. 7. How do you distinguish Man from thc others of the Primates, and by what dental characters do the Primates differ from (a.) The lluminanlia '! (6.) Thc Kodentia ? (c.) Tho Carnivora ? SCHOOL 0.1? SOCIAL SCIENCE. (PROFESSOR HEARN.) JURISPRuDUNCE AND LEGISLATION. I.— 1. State thc conditions enumerated by Mr. Spencer as necessary for the attainment of thc " greatest hap piness." 2. State the nature of his argument in support of the " law of equal Freedom," and give some instances of its application. 3. Mr. Spencer asserts that "pro-existing theories which are untenable as they stand, are yet absorbed, and the portion of truth contained in them assimilated by the theory now proposed." (ft.) What arc the theories to which he refers ? (6.)" Show how they are severally affected by Mr. Spencer's theoiy. clxviii EXAMINATION PAPERS, 4. Show that the injunctions of the law of Equal Freedom coincide with, and anticipate those of Political Economy. 5. What is thc rationale of the Expediency Idea of Government. G. In what considerations docs Mr. Spencer find a basis for the law of Libel. 7. What are thc distinguishing marks of those iiositive moral rules wliich are laws properly so called ? 8. What are the distinguishing marks of those positive moral rules which are styled laws by an analogical extension of the term ? 9. What arc the distinguishing marks of the laws which are styled lams by a metaphor ? 10. What are the distinguishing marks of Sovereignty and independent political Society ? 11. Mention some of the most remarkable cases in which jurists have confounded thc questions of the existence and the merits of a law. 12. Explain thc meanings of the following terms : Law, Sovereign, Republic, State, Nation. II,—1. What are the rules which Lord Bacon proposes for the Coditicatioii of the Common Law ? 2. What are the rules which he proposes for the Codifi cation of the Statute Law ? . . EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF M.A. clxix 3, Savigny and other German jurists have opposed the project of Codification. (a.) Does that Codification to which they object express the same idea as that to which Bacon refers ? (6.) What are the grounds of their objection ? 4. What does Bacon mean by Censorial and PriEtorian Courts, and how does he propose to regulate their jurisdiction ? 6. What are the three principles on which Bentham founds his theory of obligations ? G. What arc the objects of the Civil Law, and what is the relative importance of their objects ? 7. What are the objections which Bentham makes to the Community of Goods 1 Do these objections apply to the wise of Commercial Partnerships ? 8. What .ire the four private conditions ? Show that this division-admits of further reduction. 9. What is Satisfaction 1 What is the test of its suf ficiency ? 10. What is Punishment? What is the most general classification of Punishments ? 11. State the principal cases in wliich punishment ought not to be inflicted. 12. What is Retaliation? State the advantages and disadvantages of this rule, h dxx EXAMINATION PAPERS, III.—1. State the diftercnt senses in which the term Jurisprudence has been used by jurists. 2. State the division of subjects of law adopted by the Roman jurists, and the objections to this division. 3. Give some account of the life of Grotius. What were the circumstances that directed his attention to International Law, and why did he extend his inquiries to General Jurisprudence ? 4. What arc the two great modern Schools of Law, and who arc the representatives of each school ? 5. What are thc agencies by which law is brought into harmony with the progress of Society ? C. State and give examyilcs of the special dangers to which law in its infant state is liable. 7. What is meant hy Jus Gentium? Show its connec tion witli the Law of Nature. 8. State thc principal postulates of International Law, and trace its connection with Roman Law. 9. St.ite Ruber's maxims of International Comity. 10. State the principal rules of International Law with respect to the formal requisites of obligations, and give instances of their application. 11. What has been the cause of thc disagreement be tween different states on the subject of allegiance 1 12. State the general rule adopted by modern publicists as to the nationality of legitimate children. How far does this rule agree with English Law and with the Code Napoleon ? EXAMINATION FOR DEGREES OF M.R. AND M.D. dxxi EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREES OF M.B. AND M.D. UNDER THE SPECIAL REGULA TIONS. FEBRUARY TERM, 1862. GREEK. (PROFESSOR IRVING.) XE.VOI'IION. ANABASIS, Book I, 1. Translate literally— 'Ev TOVTlf Oi TW TOTtW ; TU. Si Kpia avrutv ^Stora yv. 2. Give the meanings and the derivation of the follow ing : drLpdtfji, rtpdypa, G. Mention any English words derived from x"l>' TOVS, Ttp,vw, TtXya-Q-w, Ttdo~xw, Ttntrw. h2 clxxii EXAMINATION PAPERS, LATIN. (PROFESSOR IRVING.) CELSUS DE MEUICINA, I., II., III., IV. 1. Translate literally— Quo minus minim est natandi scientiam non habent, 2. Give the principal parts of the following verbs— increvit, contriti, consuerunt, porrigatur, intereme- rit, contusus, inveteravit, aperiunt. 3. Give the meaning of the following—utppte, novissime, perquam, uihilominus, nonnunquam, satius. 4. Give the meaning and the derivation of—lawor, per- niciosus, comitialis morbus, cucurbitula, frictio, Xienicillus, with the meaning of the parts into which you analyse each word. 5. What are the English equivalents for sua; spontis esse, cibus quantus xilcnissimus potest concoqui, creta figularis corpori illita, si quid parum ccsserit, tertio quoque die, opus est fomentis humidis ? G. What is thc meaning of the following terms—pal- mula, gravedo, dcfrutum, posca, gestatio, serxiyllura, sebum (or sevum), malum cotoneum. EXAMINATION FOR DECREES OF M.B. AND M.D. clxxiii PHARMACOPCEIA AND MEDICAL TERMS. (PROFESSOR IRVING.) 1. Translate literally— IV Calcis Chlorinates libras quatuor, Spiritus rectificati octarium dimidium, Aquaj. octarios decern, Calcii Chloridi in frustula contusi drachmam. Calccm, prius Aqua mixtam, in retortam im- mitte, iisqiie adde Spiritum, ut mistura tertiam tantum retorta? partem implcat. Dein balneo arenoso calefac, et quum primuni incipit cbullitio, quam citissime subduce ignem, ne retorta rumpatur calore repcntino aucto. Destillet liquor in recep- taculum eo usque ut nihil sit quod sidat, igne, siquando opus fuerit, restitute. Liquori destillato adde aqua; quadruplum, atque omnia simul bene agita. Graviorcm partem quce subsedcrit cauto scpara, cique adjice Chloridum, et subinde per horam agita. Denique iterum destillet liquor ex retorta vitrea in recexitaculum vitreum. Coloris expers, odore gr.ito, pondus specificura L48 non minus est. In aijud vix onmino liquatur. Laomi colorcm rubro non inficit. Cuti infricatum mox effugit, odore fere niUlo relicto. 2. Translate literally— R. Ferri Sulphatis uncias duodecim, Sodie Carbonatis uncias duodecim cum scmisse, Acidi Citrici uncias sex, dxxiv ' EXAMINATION PAPERS, Liquoris Ammonias fluiduncias novem, Aquse destillatae fervcntis octarios duo decim. Sulphatem ct Carbonatem scparatim liqua in Aqua; octariis sex. Liquorcs adhuc calentes misce, et sepone, ut subsidat quod demissum est. Hoc, cffuso liquore supernatantc, aqua, sscpius lava, ct cum Acido adjecto caloris ope liqua. Dein ubi refrixerit, admixta Ammonia, liquorem consume ad syrupi crassitudinem. Hunc super patinas fictiles lilanas teuuitcr cxtensum, leni calore exsicca. In vase bene obturate scrvetur. In aqua liquntnr. Hie liquor neo lacmi ncquo curcuma: colorcm mutat; neque addito pot.isaii fciToeyaniilo cocnileus tit ; additil antcm vol potassd vol liquoro calcia, demittit ferri sesquioxidum, cjicit ainmoniam. E granis 100 in aqufl liquatis, ndjectil potass.1, denuttuntur fcrri scsqmoxidi gi-ana circiter 34. 3. Derive fully the following terms, giving the meaning of each part into which you resolve the compounds •—analysis, asthma, autopsy, catarrh, constipation, cuticle, diphtheria, dropsy, dyspeptic, excoriate, in oculate, jugular, lymphatic, miliary, nausea, phleb- . otomy, phthisis, puerperal, vaccinate, vertigo. EXAMINATION FOR DEGREES OF M.U. AND M.D. clxXV PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. (EXAMINERS—JAMES R. MOTHERWELL, M.D., AND JAMES li. ROBERTSON, M.A. AND M.D.) [N.B. Ill answering the questions, state in detail the treatment, and particularly thc doses of Medicine you recommend.] In the Commentary it is expected that the nature of the disease, etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment will be detailed. 1. State the general characters of the Exanthemata, or eruptive fevers—thc diagnostic symptoms of Scar latina, its varieties, the treatment that you would recommend, and the sequela; liable to supervene* 2. Enumerate the various causes of Epilepsy, the dis eases with which it may be confounded, and the symptoms by which it may bo distinguished from them and from feigned Epilepsy. State what treatment you would employ during thc fit and in the intervals between fits, 3. Describe the general and local treatment applicable to acute articular Rheumatism, and the complications liable to arise in the course of that disease, with their appropriate treatment. 4. Describe the symiitoms and physical signs of acute Pneumonia in its various stages, and the treatment you would adopt iu each stage. clxxvi EXAMINATION PAPERS, 5. State thc symptoms of chronic poisoning by Lead, the manner in which it is usually introduced into the system, and thc treatment you would recom mend for the relief of the symptoms and the elimination of the poison. State also the -morbid appearances in fatal cases. G. State the distinctive characters and symptoms of Delirium Ebriosorum and of Delirium Tremens, and the treatment applicable to each form of disease. 7. Enumerate the various causes of Anasarca or General Dropsy, and detail the treatment applicable to particular cases according to the cause or causes. CASE FOR COMMENTARY. A male, aged 35, of a pale sallow complexion, conva lescent from fever of an intermittent character, states that he has had a relapse, and complains of general debility, slight cough with a little mucous expectoration, and obscure pains in the epigastrium and across thc loins; has occasional rigours, and night perspirations,and is becoming emaciated. Pulse small and frequent, tongue furred, appetite indifferent, bowels regular, urine high- coloured and depositing a lateritious sediment on cooling. Nothing abnormal can be detected in the state of the lungs. The pain complained of in the loins is increased on coughing, and by percussion over thc lower dorsal and upper lumbar vertebra;. EXAMINATION FOR DEGREES OF M,R. AND M.D. clxxvli FORENSIC MEDICINE. (EXAMINERS—JAMES B. MOTHERWELL, M.D., AND JAMES ROBERTSON, M.A. AND M.D.) 1. What are the symptoms in a case of poisoning with Opium or any of its preparations, and what treat ment would you adopt ? 2. If the dead body of a recently-born infant was sub- • mitted to you for examination, what proofs would induce you to believe that the infant had been born alive ? 3. What arc tho symptoms of poisoning by Strychnine, and what treatment would you employ if summoned promptly to a case ? 4. Describe the mode of procedure ami the treatment you would adopt in order to restore animation in cases of drowning. 5. You arc called to make a post mortem examination of the body of a female, who is reported to have been recently delivered of a child. What are the appear ances that you would expect to find if such had been the case ? and how long after delivery would there be sufficient proofs to enable you to give positive evidence of the fact ? 6. What circumstances would lead you to infer that insanity was feigned and not real ? h 3 EXAMINATION PAPERS, OBSTETRIC MEDICINE AND DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. (EXAMINERS—RICHARD THOMAS TRACY, M.D., AND WILLIAM M. TURNRULL, M.D.) Three of thest questions must be answered to entitle tlie Candidate to pass. 1. Describe the structure and uses of the Placenta. 2. State the different causes of haemorrhage following the birth of a child, and your treatment of each. 3. Under what circumstances is it necessary to induce Premature labor ? What are the methods of accom plishing it, and which of these methods would you practise ? 4. Describe the symptoms of a case of Acute Hydro cephalus, and the treatment you would advise. 5. You are asked to see a case of supposed Ovarian Dropsy. What inquiries would you make, and how would you examine so .is to diagnose it from a case of Ascites, Uterine, or other abdominal tumour ? 6. A married woman consults you, complaining of the following symptoms:—Dragging pain in the groins; irregular, painful, and sometimes profuse menstrua tion ; bearing down sensation in lower part of rectum, with great pain and difficulty in defecation. What would you suppose her malady to be—how would you proceed to examine her—and what would be your treatment ? EXAMINATION FOR DEGREES OF M.B. AND M.D. clxxix PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF SURGERY. (EXAMINERS—EDWARD BARKER, F.R.C.S., ENGL., AND WILLIAM GILLBEE, M.R.C.S., ENGL.) Three of the questions to he answered. 1. Describe the various dislocations of the Hip Joint and the modes of reduction. 2. Enumerate the various fractures of the radius, and the causes of displacement to be guarded against in each. 3. Describe the varieties, causes, and the surgical treat ment of'haemorrhoids. 4. Describe the common causes of spasmodic stricture of the Urethra, and thc means to be adopted for its relief. 5. Give an account of the causes, symptoms, and va rieties of Erysipelas, of the sources of danger in the disease, and thc principles of treatment. 6. In what injuries of thc skull would you think it right to remove bone with the trephine or other instru ment ? ANATOaiY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY. EXAMINERS—DAVID JOHN THOMAS, M.D., AND JAMES T. RUDALL, F.R.C.S., ENG. Two questions out of the three on each subject must be answered. I.—1. Give the course and relations of the common Carotid Artery iu the neck. dxxx EXAMINATION PAPERS, 2. Describe the boundaries of thc thorax ; mention how • the mediastina are formed, and state the contents of each mediastinum. 3. Name thc regions into which the abdomen is divided, and the parts situated in each region. II.—X. Give a description of the red and colourless corpuscles of the blood, and st.ite what is known resiiccting the junctions of the red corpuscles. 2. Describe the different kinds of epithelium, and give examples of the situation of each kind. 3. What are thc changes which food undergoes in the stomach and small intestines during digestion? III.—1. Give an account of the terminations and effects of acute inflammation, as observed on mucous and on serous surfaces. 2. What is the specific gravity of healthy urine ; and what is the average quantity passed by an adult in twenty-four hours? Give a sketch of the microsco pical and naked eye appearances of urine containing Uric Acid. Oxalate of Lime. Triple Phosphate. Urate of Ammonia. Pus. Blood. 3. What appearances in the dead body would you expect to find after death from Pyrcmia ? EXAMINATION FOR DEGREES OF M.B. AND M.D. clxxxi CHEMISTRY AND PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY. (EXAMINERS PROFESSOR M'COY AND DR. MACADAM.) I.— 1. Give some examples of the "Law of chemical com bination by volume," and g've a general statement of the Law. 2. Give thc "chemical equivalent weight" of a few Ele ments, and with such numbers exemplify clearly the law of chemical combination in equivalent pro portions by weight, contrasting thc law with that regulating chemical combination by volume. 3. Give some examples of thc method of representing thc results of the chemical action of compounds ou each other by the use of Formula;, and state the general rules for the order in wliich the names of the elements or simple compounds are used iu con structing the names of compounds. 4. State generally the use of Electrolysis in classifying the Elements according to the general laws of " Electro-chemistry," and arrange the symbols of any four elements so that the first may be more electro-positive than the second, the second than tho third, the third than the fourth, and state the electro-chemical relation of the fourth to the first. 5. Give the characters of the different Crystallogr.iphic Systems. G. Define the fundamental forms of crystals, referring each to its system. 7. How are substances identified by their crystalline characters (optic and goniometrical) in other than the cubic system ? clxxxii EXAMINATION PAPERS, 8. What arc thc more striking chemical distinctions be tween animal and vegetable compounds, and what are the most marked exceptions to the general rules ? 9. Describe the mode of preparation and chemical pro perties of Hydrocyanic acid. 10. What are the symbols of the two chlorides of Mer cury used in Pharmacy, and how are they prepared ? 11. What Alkaloids are present in Opium ? 12. Explain the nature of the relations between the chemical groups of compounds called Sugars, Alco hols, Ethers, and Fats, and state generally their chendcal distinctive characters. II.—1. Describe accurately thc process for the manufac ture of Iodine from its natural sources; using symbols for the designation of all the chemical substances referred to. 2. Describe accurately the methods of ascertaining the specific gravity of dense solids, porous solids, solids lighter than water, and solids soluble in water re spectively, exemplifying the formula of calculation from the specific weight of some known body. 3. Describe the construction and mode of use of the ordinary instruments for ascertaining the density of fluids. 4. Describe Marsh's test for Arsenic, with the precau tions to be used in applying it. 5. Mention some tests for Iron, Copper, Tin, Lead, Mer cury, Antimony, and Bismuth, in different stages of oxygenation. EXAMINATION FOR DEGREES OF M.B. AND M.D. clxxxiii 6. What are the Fluxes used in testing with the Blow pipe, and what color is given to the flame by Potash, Soda, Barytes, Strontites, and Lime re spectively. MATERIA MEDICA AND BOTANY. (EXAMINERS—RICHARD EADES, M.A. AND M.B., AND FERDINAND MUELLER, PH.D. AND M.D.) I.—1, What are the characteristic differences in the escharotic action of SO3 and NO5 ? 2. What are the physiological effects of dilute SO3, and NO5, and CI H ? Is there any characteristic action peculiar to each ? If so, state it. 3. What are the symptoms of poisoning by Cy H ? 4. How does Potassa f usa act as an escharotic ? 5. Write without abbreviations a Tonic mixture in Anorexia caused by drunkenness ? II.—1. In what consist the main distinctions of the natural order Compositse ? 2. Enumerate the principal medicinal plants belonging to the order Solanacese ? 3. What are the main principles on which the divisions and subdivisions of Jussieu's natural system of plants are based ? clxxxiv EXAMINATION PAPERS, 4. Give the botanical name of thc plant yielding tho true Ipecacuanha root, its native country, and the order of plants to which it belongs ? 5. What arc the distinctions between a monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant ? FIRST EXAMINATION FOR THE CERTIFI CATE OF CIVIL ENGINEER. [IN GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY, AND IN ALGEBRA, the papers were the same as for the First Examina tion for the Degree of B.A.] SURFACE AND MINING SURVEYING AND LEVELLING. (BE, GRIFFITH.) 0. T. 1SC1. 1. State the regular method of ascertaining whether thc hue of collimation of a theodolite is in adjust ment. 2. How do you ascertain whether the levels on the hori zontal limb of a theodolite are in adjustment ? and • explain the usual method of adjusting them when found to be incorrect. 3. If there should be an index error in the vertical limb of a theodolite, mention the best method for de termining its amount. FIRST EXAMINATION FOR CERTIFICATE OF C.E. clxXXV 4. What are the requisite adjustments for the ordinary Dumpy level? 5. Explain the principle of the vernier. G. Describe the method of using the prismatic compass. 7. Make the proper entries in the columns of rise, fall, reduced levels, of thc following portion of a field level book, and. give the proper checks on the ac curacy of the arithmetical work :— Hack Fore Rise. Fall. Reduced Distance Remarks. Staff. Stall. Levels. in Chains. 105 72 B. M. 3-60 1435 110 1-97 8-24 111 10-12 113-30 15-30 114 Stream. 8-15 115 6-25. 10-10 118 15-23 119 2-97 10 28 120 3-37 14-49 121 1-90 10-83 122 5-30 11-90 124 13 CO 2-24 125 10-25 130 15-40 133 - Show by a sketch the nature of the section given by the foregoing field book, indicating by figures the lengths of the several lines used in its construction. In levelling, mention what are the advantages arising from having thc back-staff and the fore-staff at equal distances from the instrument. clxXXV'i EXAMINATION PAPERS, 10. Iii plotting a section, what is meant by exaggerating the vertical scale, and what is thc object of so doing ? 11. Draw a sketch of the University grounds, and on it show what lines were adopted in carrying out the survey, and explain thc different checks on the ac curacy of the work. 12. Explain some of the ordinary methods of conducting the measurement of a line across a river by the chain only. 13. Describe the method of surveying a river by traversing. 14. It is required to lay out 135 acres in the form of a rectangle, the sides of which shall be in the ratio of 2 to 3. Find what will be thc length of each side. 15. Find thc area, in acres, roods, and perches, of a trapezium, in which the diagonal is 1980 links, and the perpendicular to it from one angle is 380 links, and from the other 560 links. IG. In measuring a line over a hill, it is necessary to make a certain reduction. Explain this; and calculate what reduction is to be made per chain on measuring a line over a hill the inclination of which is 14°. 17. In making a survey with a chain and theodolite, show how you would avoid an obstruction which could not be moved, and how you would afterwards continue your line in the true direction. FIRST EXAMINATION FOR CERTIFICATE OF C.E. dxxxvii 18. In surveying with a compass, an object bore N. 50° E., and when, having gone 1700 links in a direction ' S. 55° K, its bearing was N. 6° E., what is the distance of thc object from each station ? 19. Explain thc advantage of using a 66 ft. chain instead of a 100 ft. chain in surveying land, the acreage of which is required. 20. State the rule commonly used in thc calculation of earthworks, and designated as the prismoidal formula. 21. Calculate the contents, in cubic y.irds, of a portion of a cutting, thc length of which is 60 feet, thc end heights 35 and 40 feet respectively, base 30 feet, slopes li to 1. 22. If tho reduced level of the formation line at a point A be 100'28, and at another point B, at a distance from A of 550 feet, the reduced level be' 104-68, what will be the rate of inclination from A to B? 23. Calculate the depths of cutting and filling in the following section.* 24. Calculate by the tables the earthwork in thc above section. * A diagram was given with this question. clxxxviii EXAMINATION PAPERS, F. T., 1862. 1. Reduce the following field book, giving the proper checks on the accuracy of the arithmetical work, and plot the section to the following scale :— Horizontal Scale, 200 feet = 1 inch. Vertical 30 feet = 1 „ Back Fore Rise. Fall. Reduced Distance Staff. Staff. Levels. iu Feet. 14 52 34-60 0 10-02 100 1012 200 11-47 300 3 27 12 87 400 14-90 500 13-82 GOO 7-54 1-50 700 14-30 10-28 800 10-60 . 900 14-98 1000 6-24 8 0G 1100 7-99 1200 0-20 1250 Plot the formation line in this section, it being deter mined to have 4'10 feet of cutting at commencement of the section; at distance 500 feet there is 9'43 feet of filling, and at 1250 feet thc formation line coincides with the surface of the ground. Calculate the rate of the inclinations and the depth of cutting and filling at each peg. FIRST EXAMINATION FOR CERTIFICATE OF C.E. clxxxix 3. The following levels were taken along an unfinished portion of a line of railway, of which thc annexed figure is thc longitudinal section ; find, from these what additional cutting or filling is required.* Back Fore Rise. Fall. Reduced Distance Staff. Staff. Levels. in Feet. 11-25 50-00 1000 0-50 1100 6-33 5-88 1200 7-62 13-00 1300 15-00 14-29 1325 13-62 1400 13-82 1500 13-22 1600 7-69 7-74 1700 7-94 1800 8-71 1900 9-19 2000 10-10 10-56 2100 10-70 2200 15-45 15-20 2275 4. Describe the method of carrying out an ordinary ' chain survey, and show how you would make entries in the field book. 6. How would you make a survey of a river ? Illustrate your answer by a sketch, and show how you would keep your field book. C. How many chains to the inch are represented by the scale ajej of the actual linear measurement of the ground ? 7. Describe the method, as shown at lectures, of pro ceeding, when required to lay out a railway curve on the ground. A diagram was given with this question. CXC EXAMINATION PAPERS, 8. Being required to lay out a curve of f mile radiusfor the purpose of connecting two straight portions of a line of railway, I ascertained by measurements— 1st. The distance of the point of intersection from the commencement of the line was 175.10 chains. 2nd. The angle of intersection was 120. Find— (1.) Distance of springing peg from commencement of the line. (2.) The odd distances. (3.) The length of the curve. (4.) Thc angle used for setting out one chain's length. (5.) The angle due to the 1st and 2nd odd distances. N.B. The chain used was the 100 feet chain. 9. If on account of obstructions you could not set up tho Theodolite at thc point of intersection, how-would you ascertain the angle of intersection, and also thc springing peg ? 10. Calculate from the following sections* of a portion of a line of railway how many acres, roods, and perches are contained between the fences. N.B. The chain used was the 100 feet chain. 11. From these given sections plot the ground plan to thc scale of 200 feet = 1 inch. 12. From these given sections calculate the number of cubic yards of cutting and embankment. * This question was illustrated by a diagram. LAW EXAMINATION—STUDENTS OF SECOND YEAR. CXCi LAW EXAMINATION — STUDENTS OF THE SECOND YEAR UNDER THE OLD REGULA TIONS, (MR. BILLING.) 0. T., 1S61. 1. Money is.deposited by a customer with a Banker. In what form of action can the Customer sue for it ? Mention a leading case on the subject. 2. Suppose a Married Woman is sued on a contract made before marriage, how should you take advan tage of it ? Would there be any difference if she were sued on a contract made during marriage ? 3. What is thc rule now established as to when Equita ble Pleas may be pleaded ? 4. Suppose a defendant were to plead never indebted to a count for goods sold and delivered, and payment of .£50 into court to thc same count, would he be right ? 5. Suppose a set-off to be pleaded, would it make any difference to the plaintiff whether he should reply— " Never indebted," or "was not, nor is indebted?" 6. In what way does a Lunatic appear in an action ? Is there any difference in tlie case of an Idiot ? 7. How does a Married Woman, sued alone, appear ? How an Infant ? CXCU EXAMINATION PAPERS, 8. A contract is made with a woman before marriage, who should sue on it ? State the consequences of a mistake iu this respect. 9. In M'N.ighten's case, in the House of Lords, rules were laid down for deducing the degree of criminal responsibility attaching to one affected with mental disease. Give a summary of these rules. 10. Criminal offences have been divided into three classes. Distinguish between them. 11. In Mr.O'Connell's case, Tindall, C. J., in the House of Lords, laid down what was the gist of the offence of conspiracy. How did he lay it down ? 12. Arc there any accessories before the fact in man slaughter? Give the reason for the answer. 13. What is the rule as regards accessories in cases of misdemeanor ? 14. Property is stolen out of the possession of a bailee. If you were drawing an information, to whom would you lay the property ? 15. Give an instance where there would not be so com plete an asportation as to constitute larceny. 1C. W^hat provision is there in the Colonial Insolvent Act for the sequestration of an estate on the petition of administrators, trustees for creditors, and partners ? 17. Suppose an insolvent to have, previously to his insolvency, entered into an .agreement for the pur chase of a real estate, what course is the assignee to pursue ? LAW EXAMINATION—STUDENTS OF SECOND YEAR. CXClll 18. Give thc grounds contained in the several sections of the Colonial Insolvent Acts for the refusal or suspension of a certificate. 19. Enumerate thc Acts of Insolvency defined by the 5 Vic, No. 17. 20. The origin of the Admiralty Jurisdiction has been a question amongst legal writers. State some of their opinions, especially that of Spelman and Lambart? 21. Suppose a cause of Possession to bo instituted. Has the Court of Admiralty power to compel the delivery up of the ship's register, papers, &c.? 22. What is the rule as to the priority of Loans in bottomry cases? 23. Could a female sue in the Admiralty for wages earned by her as a mariner? 24. In a cause of Possession, has the Court power to deliver the shixi to a minority of thc owners, or to an equal moiety? State the rule on the subject. 25. What are thc provisions of the Colonial Act as to prohibitions to Justices? 2C. Suppose a statute take away the writ of certio rari, and that an inferior court were to determine a case without having jurisdiction, would there be no remedy ? 27. A case of Possession was instituted by six persons alleging themselves the owners of certain shares, but it appeared that some of them were only legatees. Had thc Court any jurisdiction in such case? Give the reason for the answer. i CXC1V EXAMINATION PAPERS, F. T., 18C2. (MR. BILLING.) 1. State the provisions of the several Statutes of Limi tations with reference to the period within which actions must be brought, with the exceptions and the change recently introduced in the Colony. 2. What limit.ition is there to actions by executors for injuries to real estate of tho deceased committed in his lifetime ? 3. What is the limitation to actions against executors for wrongs committed by the testator to another's real property ? 4. What is the limit.ition to actions for detinue ? 5. In actions for infringement of Patents, is the plaintiff with his declaration bound to deliver any and what document to the defendant ? 6. Is thc defendant in his turn bound to deliver any and what document along with his pleas ? 7. By the Practice Act joinder of actions is allowed. What qualification is this rule subject to ? 8. A., B., and C. are apiiointcd executors of a will—B. and C. only jirovc. In whose names would you bring an action on a contract made with the deceased ? LAW EXAMINATION—STUDENTS OF SECOND YEAR. CXCV 9. How should the defendant take advantage of a mistake in this respect if you made it ? Is there any and what difference between it and ordinary cases ? 10. Can a plaintiff join in the same declaration a claim as executor with a claim in his own right ? Give thc answer fully with the reason. 11. Suppose on the other hand a plaintiff to have a claim against a man as executor and another against him iicrsonally in his own right, is there any objec tion to the plaintiff joining them in the one decla ration ? Give thc answer fully and the reason. 12. In what case is an ancient deed said to prove it self? 13. Suppose the finder of a lost diamond would not produce it, what would thc presumption bo in such a case ? Give the case and the maxim. 14. Writers have given a third division of crimes beside felonies and misdemeanours. How is it called ? 15. Suppose a child under thc age of discretion to be incited to thc commission of a felony by a person of mature years, and to commit it in the absence of the latter, in what degree of offenders would the latter be ? 16. Will receiving, relieving, or harboring a criminal make the person who does so an accessory after the fact under all circumstances, or what qualification is there ? 17. Distinguish between the Writs of Quo Warranto, Mandamus, and Prohibition, and describe the purposes to which they are respectively tipplicable ? i2 CXCV1 EXAMINATION PAPERS, 18. Suppose a man to lay claim to an office which another is holding—Could thc latter proceed by Quo Warranto ? Give the answer fully, and the reason. 19. Give a short sketch of the rise and progress of Equity Jurisdiction, and mention its principal founders as a system. 20. Suppose a man to have taken a house and cove nanted to pay the rent, if tho house were burnt down, would he get relief in Equity ? Give the reason fully. 21. In what cases will Equity relieve whore powers have been defectively exercised, and in what not ? 22. Suppose a trustee to obtain a new lease which com prises not only the iiremises in the original lease but also additional lands. What would be the con sequence ? What is the leading case on renewal of leases liy trustees in their own names and for their own benefit, and what is the principle of thc deci sion ? 23. What difference is there as to contribution in Equity from that at Law, where some of the sureties die ? 24. Can a surety claim interest from his co-sureties for the money he has paid ? 25. Equity in some cases relieves where powers have been defectively•'exercised. Suppose, however, they have not been exercised at all, what is the rule of Equity as to giving relief in such cases ? 20. Enumerate the cases in which conditions in restraint of marriage are invalid. What is thc law as to con ditions iu restraint of trade ? LAW EXAMINATION—STUDENTS OF SECOND YEAR. CXCVH 27. Give examples of what will be suflicient part per formance to induce Equity to grant specific perform ance of a parol contract, and what not. 28. What is tho distinction between misjoinder and multifariousness iu Equity pleading ? Give examples of each, and mention the leading cases. 29. Enumerate the acts wliich amount to Fraudulent Insolvency within thc Colonial Code. 30. Also those which are sufficient to prevent the grant of a certificate, or to cause its suspension. 31. In some cases part owners of a ship cannot agree as to her emi'loyment. How docs the Admiralty relieve in such cases ? In what kind of cause and on what terms ? 32. When the ship is foreign, what course does the Court generally adopt ? 33. Mention some of thc leading practical distinctions between proceedings by '•' Act on Petition" and those by " Plea and Proof." 34. When the Court is releasing a sln'xi on bail in a salvage cause, what course is taken as to her value, and with what object ? CXCVIH EXAMINATION PAPERS, MR. BILLING'S MEDAL. (MR. RILLING.) MARCH, 1862. 1. What is a qui tarn action, and why is it so called ? 2. What is the Law as to obtaining redress for CVimiiial Conversation ? 3. In whose n.imes as plaintiffs would you issue writs in the following cases, viz.:— (a.) Battery on a wife, (b.) Battery on an infant child ? 4. What qualification of the Statute of Limitations as to real property is there in the case of mortgaged pro perty ? 5. Suppose an action brought for slander, and plaintiff recovers .£9, can the plaintiff recover full costs ? 6. When a plaintiff brings a case to trial, and thc juiy arc discharged in consequence of disagreeing, what course is the defendant to adopt if the plaintiff do not bring on the case again ? 7. What was the first Statute as to costs, and how have its provisions been restrained by subsequent Acts 1 8. GUve some illustrations of the doctrine that Equity considers what ought to have been done as having been actually done. LAW EXAMINATION—STUDENTS OF SECOND YEAR. CXC1X 9. Explain the maxim—"Once a mortgage always a mortgage." 10. Give fully the rule of court dispensing with parties to Equity suits in certain cases. 11. What is thc present practice at Law and in Equity respectively in the case of misjoinder of parties ? 12. How are Equity decrees enforced in the following cases— (a.) For payment of money, (&.) For execution of a deed, (c.) For giving possession of land, (d.) For giving possession of a chattel ? 13. In what cases docs a man's Insolvency, and the con sequent sequestration of his estate, invalidate secu rities previously given by him ? 14. Give briefly the course of procedure in a cause in Admiralty for Bottomry. 15. Also in a cause for collision. 16. Suppose a statute takes away cei-tiorari, does it affect the Crown ? 17. If A advise B to burn C's house, and B in so doing commits a robbery therein, is A an accessory to the robbery as well as the burning 1 18. To make a man accessory after thc fact, is it neces sary that at the time of the assistance given the Felony should have been complete ? 19. How may a man be felo de se, though he does not intend to kill himself? CC EXAMINATION PAPERS. 20. How does manslaughter, on a sudden provocation, differ from excusable homicide se defendendo ? 21. What was enacted by the "Coventry Act ?" What was the occasion of this statute? Give an ac count of a singular case which arose under its pro visions. 22. In what docs Misprision of Treason consist ? When does concealment of Treason become criminal? and under what circumstances will thc offence of Misprision merge in that of actual Treason ? 23. What provisions have been made for thc due obser vance of the Lord's Day by thc Legislature ? 24. AYhat is provided by the 32 Henry VIII., c. 9, as to thc Fraudulent Sales of Titles ? 25. Define a forcible entry and a forcible detainer. And how are these offences punished ? FEBRUARY TERM. V. T., 1S62. (MK. RILLING.) 1. When were feuds first introduced into England— what were they originally, and what is the deriva tion of the word " Feodum ? " 2. Distinguish between Feudal and Allodial property, 3. How was it that Allodial property gradually became converted into Feudal ? LAW EXAMINATION—STUDENTS OF SECOND YEAR. CC1 4. Define the estates Base Fee, Conditional Fee, and Fee , Tail, and distinguish between them, giving a sketch of tho history of the Statute De Bonis. 5. Land is devised to A for life, and if he dies without issue, then over; what estate does A take, and why ? 6. Land is conveyed to B and thc heirs female of his body on G his now wife begotten; how is B's estate described ? 7. Mention some of the principal changes effected in thc Law of Dower by the Dower Act, and state the peculiarities in the Colonial Law of dower. 8. What provision has been made in the Colonial Law as to " Remainders " by the late " Property Act ? " 9. What four principal properties has an estate in joint tenancy ? 10. Could there be two joint tenants, one in fee simple and the other in fee tail ? 11. Give a short account of the rise and progress of Uses and Trusts, and a sketch of the provisions of the Statute of Uses? 12. Give examples of an Implied Trust—a Constructive Trust—a Trust Executed—and a Trust Executory. 1 3. A tenant for life pays off an incumbrance on liis es tate ; what is the legal presumption in such case ? 14. Is there any and what difference in the case of a tenant in Tail ? ccli EXAMINATION PAPERS—LAW. 15. What is the meaning of Equitable Waste ?—In what instances will Equity interfere to restrain what, is termed Equitable Waste—What is thc leading case on thc subject ? 16. AB enters into a lease for six years of a house, which lease contains a general covenant to rcxiair. The week after he takes possession the house is burnt down. Is he bound to pay the rent for the six years notwithstanding ? Explain thc law on this subject. 17. Distinguish between covenants running with thc laud and covenants simply collateral, and mention the leading case ou the former class. 18. An assignee of a lease, with the object of avoiding the payment of the rent, assigns to a pauper. Will that free him from liability as to rent subsequent to the assignment ? MASON AND FIRTH, PRINTERS, MELBOURNE. 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