Urban Traffic and Transport Data I Chi Ci I in Chinese Cities

Country Report:

Urban Traffic and Transport data in Chinese Cit ies

Dr. Guo Jifu

Beijing Transportation Research Center Contents

• Introduction • Data System • New TTdrends About the Country

Urbanization rate in China, US and Japan • United states: urbanization rate increased from 10 % in 1840 to 73 % in 1970, taking 130 years USA

• Japan: urbanization rate China increase d from 11. 7% in 1898 to Japan 72 % in 1970, taking 100 years

• China：maybe less than 50 years

3 Urban Sprawl

北京 Beijing成都 Chengdu

年 2003年 2009年 1993 1980年 1994年

454km² 1180km² 1350km² 60km² 106km²

上海 Shangh hai 广州GhGuangzhou

1991年 2003年 2008年

1505km² 2288km² About the Country

The Sixth Census in 2010  By the end of 2010, there are 657 Baoding Beijing cities, total 666 million urban Shijiazhuang 保定市北京市 10.16million 1119万人 1961万人 population in China 19.61million 石家庄市 11.19million Harbin 1016万人 10.64million 哈尔滨市 1064万人  The Sixth Census: Tianjin 12.94million 天津市 13 cities with a population of over 1294万人 10 million and Suzhou 10.47million 苏州市 303 cities with over 1million in Shanghai 1047万人 23.02million 2010 上海市万人 2302 广州市 12.70 milli on Shenzhen 10.36million 1270万人  Jing-Jin-Ji, Yangtze Delta, Pearl Chengdu 深圳市Guangzhou 14.05 million 1036万人 Rive Delta, and Chengdu- 成都市 1405万人 Chongqing Chongqing city clusters have been 28.85 million 重庆市 formed 2885万人

5 Motorization From 1985 to 2010, the average annual growth rate of national civilian vehicle is 13.7% and that of private car shows 24% Evolution of national civilian vehicles and private cars Private Car Total Vehicles Market Rate of (10, 000) (10, 000) Private Car (%) private cars civilian cars proportion of ownership ownership private cars (Ten thousand）（Ten thousand）

6 Motorization

Civilian cars ownership distribution 2010 • By the end of 2010, the number of national civilian cars reached 78.02 million

• Ten cities own over 1 million civilian cars out of 339 prefecture-level (or above) cities Motorization Increased traffic congestion

Shanghai上海 Yantai烟台

8 Ning bo宁波 HfiHefei合肥 Ning de宁德 Contents

• Introduction • Data System • New TTdrends Institution

MoT MoS MoR (Transport) (Secur ity ) (Railway) • Central Air High Sp (National) Port Railway Inter‐city Public • Province Ntl HW Security Inter‐city Railway • Municipal/City HW/Road Traffic Metro Manage • Suburban County/District Bus ‐ment Railway • Town/Street Taxi • Village/Community Vehicle Registration Traffic Control Traffic Data Urban Traffic / Transport Data System MTR/Bus FCD IC card

Taxi IC card UTC/RTMS

Bus GPS

Intelligent Decision Coach GPS ETC

Monitoring DSS Statistic

IfInfrast r ucture Travel GIS Demograp Behavior hic 2. Data System

Real-Time Traffic Data

 Traffic Flow Data（Loop/Video/MicroWave…）  Floating Car Data（Taxi/ Bus/ Coach/Rental）  Beijing Public Transit Card Data（Bus/MTR）

IC Card Data RTMS Floating car data 2. Data System Traffic Data Collection-Survey Data

 Annual Resident Travel Survey  Annual Car Usage Survey  Traffic Count for Road Screen-Line  Comprehensive Survey on Urban Transport Every Five Years  Other Special Surveys

13/27 2. Data System Traffic Data Collection-GIS Data

All the Metro Network netktwork

are Public Transport Network associate Road Network with each

other Traffic Zone Network

Remote Sensing Image 2. Data System Traffic Data Collection in Beijing

Data type The amount of data Obtain Data accumulation

Floating car data 40000 car in the network； Real time Since 2004- 20million data per day

IC Card 19 million per day Dynamic Since 2006-

Taxi operator data 1 million per day Dynamic Since 2005-

Highway ECT data 0.5 million per day Dynamic Since 2009-

Mobile phone positioning data 18 million per day Dynamic

Residents travel survey data 80,000 household Regular survey Since 2005-

GIS data Road、Metro 、Public Transport Regularly Since 2002- Network update

15/27 Contents

• Introduction • Data System • New TTdrends 3.1 New Trends: FCD Data and TPI

Floating Car Data

FCD RTMS Floating Car Data

– Trunks Road or Frontage – Accuracy: Speed 86%(Urban EXP,92%) – Coverage: 90%。

30 RTMS 25

） 20 VR km/h 15

度（ 10 速速 FCD 5

0 15:3 15:4 15:5 16:0 16:1 16:2 16:3 16:4 16:5 17:0 17:1 17:2 17:3 17:4 17:5 18:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

18 18 3.1 New Trends: FCD Data and TPI

Traffic Performance Index(TPI)

Traffic performance index inspects road traffic conditions、 Year Analyzes transportation behavior patterns and Forecasts future Month development.

Week congestiididiiddiion index is divided into five classes: (0-2) indicates free flowing traffic Daily [2-4) indicates flowing traffic Real [4-6) indicates minor congestion Time [6-8) indicates medium congestion [8-10] indicates severe congestion SiSections CidCorridor Area NNketwork 3.1 New Trends: FCD Data and TPI

Traffic Performance Index TPI: BJ vs. SH

上海和北京15分钟路网拥堵指数上海北京 10

8 交通拥 6 堵指数 4

0 7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 16:15 16:45 17:15 17:45 18:15 18:45 19:15 19:45 20:15 20:45

21 TPI & TTI

10.0

T 8.0 P I 6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0 0 1:00 1:30 2:00 Travel Time( TT: Hours) The Black Friday

Queue in 1069 km

Sep 17, 2012 Beijing • Real‐time Traffic Congestion Index

• http://www.bjtrc.org.cn/PageLayout/IndexReleased/Realtime.aspx 3.2 Public Transit Data By IC Card

Bus

OG 2007 Spring MTR Fare 2008 Spring National Festival Reform Day MTR M5 Open

Public Transit Patronage Data derived from IC data System( 10,000) 25 Metro Patronage Daily Patronage (10,000)

26 Bus Operation

Peak Hour Passenger Flow Peak Hour Corridor Bus Speed Subway Station Passenger Profile

Livi ng CilCommercial Mixed

地铁1号线军博站地铁5号线天通苑车站地铁1号线国贸站 4000 8000 15000 3000 6000 10000 2000 4000 5000 1000 2000 0 0 0 6789101112131415161718192021222324 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 6789101112131415161718192021222324 -5000 -1000 -2000 -10000 -2000 -4000 -3000 -6000 -15000 -4000 进站出站进站出站 -5000 进站出站

地铁13号线回龙观车站地铁1号线西单车站地铁2号线西直门站

8000 8000 8000 6000 6000 6000 4000 4000 4000 2000 2000 2000 0 0 0 -2000 6789101112131415161718192021222324 6789101112131415161718192021222324 6789101112131415161718192021222324 -2000 -2000 -4000 -4000 -6000 -4000 -6000 -8000 -6000

进站出站进站出站进站出站

28 Summary

• Challenge and Opportunity? – Emerging Problem • GdGood Test‐Bed for Transport Research Welcome to Beijing, China 1. Brief introduction of BTRC

Founded: January, 2002. Mission: Works as a think tank for the municipal government Main responsibilities: •Conducting researching on urban transport strategies, policies, and planning.

•Coordinating and collaborating with relevant transport research institutions, integrating research findings, and providing solutions to transport problems for the government.

•Collecting and publishing the city wide traffic and transport information, and compiling annual report on city transportation development.

•Providing decision-making suggestions on major urban transport issues for the muni ci pal government . 1. Brief introduction of BTRC

The Team

Transport Transport Intelligent Social Str ategy R esearc h Administrative Planni ng MdliModeling TttiTransportation RhResearch Department Department Department Department Department Department

• transportation transportation research on research and • gathering center's dldevelopment plilanning dldevelopment , dldevelop new information finance, HR, strategies and maintenance and transportation about project policies, update of technologies transportation management, • transportation transportation and approaches survey needs, secretarial economy models and • developing support , • transportation and related databases survey plans publicity city development • organizing survey implementatio n Thanks