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Lesson Learnt in Implementing an Enterprise Development Credit Facility for Iraq

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OCCASION This publication has been made available to the public on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation. DISCLAIMER This document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO. FAIR USE POLICY Any part of this publication may be quoted and referenced for educational and research purposes without additional permission from UNIDO. However, those who make use of quoting and referencing this publication are requested to follow the Fair Use Policy of giving due credit to UNIDO. CONTACT Please contact [email protected] for further information concerning UNIDO publications. For more information about UNIDO, please visit us at www.unido.org UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 300, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26026-0 · www.unido.org · [email protected] United Nations Industrial Development Organization PROGRAMME OFFICE for IRAQ Lesson Learnt in implementing an Enterprise Development Credit Facility for Iraq March 2013 United Nations Industrial Development Organization PROGRAMME OFFICE for IRAQ List of Contents PROGRAMME OFFICE FOR IRAQ 1 LIST OF CONTENTS 2 1. BACKGROUND 3 1.1. IRAQI SMES: FINANCING SECTOR 3 2. LOAN PRODUCT 7 2.1. LOAN PRODUCT DETAILS 7 2.2. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EDIP CREDIT FACILITY IN IRAQ 9 2.3. IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES 10 3. IMPACT OF THE CREDIT FACILITY IN THE IRAQI CONTEST 10 4. RECOMMENDATION FOR DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 12 4.1 CREDIT FACILITY DESIGN 12 4.2 CREDIT FACILITY IMPLEMENTATION 14 ANNEX I: EXAMPLE OF OPERATIONAL PROCESS FOR APPROVING LOANS 15 1. AMALKOM OPERATIONAL PROCESS FOR APPROVING LOANS 15 2. AMALKOM PAYMENT PROCEDURE FOR BORROWERS: 18 ANNEX II 19 CLIENT SUCCESS STORY 19 UNIDO Enterprise Development Programme for Iraq 2 United Nations Industrial Development Organization PROGRAMME OFFICE for IRAQ 1. Background The EDIP Credit Facility is a financial tool of 1 MLN USD embedded within the “Enterprise Development and Investment Promotion Project for the SME sector in Iraq” (EDIP) that was created to ensure that an appropriate funding opportunity is provided to support SMEs supported through the project activities in three Iraqi Governorates (Erbil, Baghdad and Thi- Qar). Initially conceived in 2008, the SME credit facility was technically redesigned by UNIDO in 2009 due to unclear provisions in the project document regarding the fund ownership, UNIDO exit strategy and the operational disbursement (loan/grant) arrangements with the financial institution. These issues were clarified by the Programme Steering Committee in April 2009 comprising the Italian Government, UNIDO and representatives of the Government of Iraq. It was decided that the fund (1 MLN USD) is a UNIDO owned fund asset. UNIDO would disburse it to the selected financial institutions as an interest-free loan to make it available to be used by them to provide loans to SMEs and project beneficiaries in Iraq according best practices involving SMEs, and covering their costs and profits through the interest earned. It was also agreed that after a period of two years, the selected financial institution must return the funds to UNIDO. The credit facility was then tendered for the second time amongst local banks and international financial institutions. The management award was gives to Amalkom, an Iraqi headquartered and managed member of the CHF International family of microfinance institutions. Amalkom was selected based upon several factors including geographic reach, technical expertise and prior and ongoing success in lending in Iraq. The contract with Amalkom came into effect on February 20th 2010, and covers a period of twenty-four months. In accordance to the contract signed with UNIDO, the financial institution was tasked to deliver a minimum of 60 loans to project beneficiaries in the three project governorates. In the early weeks of March 2010, Amalkom established a separate sub-account at the Bank of Baghdad for the specific purposes of this fund. However, general issues with interbank transfers into Iraq delayed the funds transfer from UNIDO to Amalkom until July 2010. On September 2010, the first loan was disbursed. As of May 2011, 64 loans have been disbursed, exceeding the target of minimum number of loans to be disbursed. 1.1. Iraqi SMEs: Financing Sector The SME financing sector in Iraq has shown substantial progress in the past years, thanks to efforts undertaken by the Iraqi Government and international donors. The Iraqi government established its first new initiative, a tentative foray into SME financing through its National Micro-lending Programme. In February 2007, the Prime Minister approved the assignment of US$ 30 million from Rafidain Bank as loans to be managed by the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (MOLSA). The loans would range from IQD 3-10 million UNIDO Enterprise Development Programme for Iraq 3 United Nations Industrial Development Organization PROGRAMME OFFICE for IRAQ for new businesses or developing an existing business in Baghdad. Loan duration was set at 5- 8 years, with a grace period of 6-12 months, at an administrative charge rate of 6% total, 2% paid by the borrower and 4% by the Ministry of Finance, who also guaranteed any loan losses. A similar program has been established within the Ministry of Industry and Minerals (MIM), with a budget of US$ 408 million in 2008 (loan range 25,000-50,000 USD). Despite the initial enthusiasm surrounding the initiative of the two Ministries, some limitations have emerged during the implementation phase, which have slowed the progress and inhibited results. A comprehensive effort to improve the management of this government-guaranteed Micro-Lending Programme implemented by MoLSA and MIM will be designed and implemented by the UN within the framework of the Private Sector Development Program. International donors also recognized the needs of the SME sector through the International Compact for Iraq and the main international actors in supporting Iraq’s SME sector are the World Bank, United Nations, USAID and Iraq Middle Market Development Fundation. (IMMDF). The United Nations has been working on a private sector development strategy through its Economic Recovery and Development Sector Outcome Team (ERDSOT) in collaboration with the Prime Minister’s Task Force with SME related objectives including surveying the sector, improving legislative structures and strengthening access to capital. This project is anticipated to begin preliminary activities this year. Other United Nations actors involved in the SME sector include UNIDO through its Enterprise Development and Investment Promotion project, which has supported the formation of three Enterprise Development Units (EDUs), which are providing training to entrepreneurs and SMEs. The EDUs have an overall small and medium- sized enterprise focus. ILO and UNOPS have established partnerships with three Chambers of Commerce/Industry in Sulaymaniyah, Hillah and Basrah with a view to strengthen their service delivery capacity to member businesses (largely SMEs). Through the establishment of Business Information and Development Centres (BICs) housed within the partner Chambers of Commerce/Industry, UNOPS/ILO endeavoured in providing business counselling, management training, advice on accessing finance, fostering public-private dialogue, and developing investment promotion tools. The endeavour, as with UNIDO’s EDUs is planned to be self- sustaining in the near future. The latest and largest initiative in the SME financing sector is the re-establishment with the support of World Bank of the Iraqi government sponsored Economic Development Fund (EDF) capitalized with $100m, and specifically tasked with facilitating financing to SMEs in addition to legal and regulatory reform of the sector. Under the relevant law, EDF loans are to be provided at the “national debt rate” plus 1%, though this issue is yet to be finalized it is anticipated that loans will be below market rates at between 9-11% per annum. The targeted clients include Iraqi trading and service enterprises with up to 50 employees and Iraqi manufacturing enterprises with up to 250 employees. Loans can be provided for between $25,000 and $500,000 and up to five year period. Supported by the World Bank the EDF began SME lending activities in March 2009 and has began intensive marketing nationwide UNIDO Enterprise Development Programme for Iraq 4 United Nations Industrial Development Organization PROGRAMME OFFICE for IRAQ through private business associations and with the aid of Ministry of Planning offices. It is slated to transition from direct lending to on-lending as the private banking sector develops. USAID TIJARA is also one of the most active players in the field of SME financing
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