Published by the Anti- Movement

Published by the Anti-Apartheid Movement The Rally: THOUSANDS of Londoners responded to the AAM call to march and rally in support of Freedom for Rhodesia on June 26. Led by Chairman Tom Kellock, Edna O'Brien, Mordecai Richter, David Mercer, Judy Todd and nearly two dozen MPs, over 1,500 people marched from Marble Arch to Trafalgar Square. Here at one of the most successful rallies held in recent times by the AAM, the marchers were joined by a crowd variously estimated at between 3-5,06. In the square, amidst a sea of banners proclaiming: "Secure' Majority Rule," "Oust Smith," "Freedom and Justice before Kith and Kin," "One Man One Vote," "Freedom for Rhodesia," "Get Smith Out" - one lone poster of the league of Empire Loyalists symbolised the isolation of the Smith regime. David Steel MP who chaired the meet- aparineie Dews a great day in the Square ing read messages of support, including one from Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India. Other messages came from Jamaica and from President Kaunda of Zambia. Many artists and MPs who were unable to be present had previously pledged their support for the rally. Organisations supporting the rally included The Africa Bureau, Movement for Colonial Freedom, the United Nations Assciation and the National Secular Society. Mr Jeremy Thorpe who has visited Rhodesia since UDI, raised prolonged cheers when he called on the British Government to abandon the present talks, which he described as a farce. He reiterated the stand that AAM took as soon as the talks were -announced: That they would serve only to strengthen the Smith government, and would lead to serious misgivings among the Afro-Asian countries. The Rev Bill Sargent said the principle of majority rule must always be kept in the forefront. He called on all Christians to make representatiens, so that their views were canstantly before the negotiators. Speak ing for the British Council of Churches, as he said, "on behalf of the Archbishop of Canterbury," Rev Sargent said that the Council had been concerned because there was evidence that the British Government was under strong pressure from groups both inside and outside this country, to arrive at a "reasonable settlement." At the same time there appeared to be no signs to indicate that the white Rhodesians were prepared to acrept the Africans without discrimination. In these circumstances the Council felt that even if agreement could be reached the Rhodesian government would be forced to default. Many speakers sought to refute the old rhestnut of Africans in Rhodesia not being ready or fit to govern. Mr Ben Whitaker MP delivered the coup de grace when he claimed that since there were more university graduates under restriction than in the Rhodesian Front Cabinet, majority rule would in fact raise the academic standing of the Rhodesian governmeet. A resolution passed by the meeting and later handed in at 10 Downing Street noted that the talks between the British and Smith governments had led to a deterioration in Britain's relations with African and Asian countries. The resolution exprossed full support for Zambia's efforts in breaking off its economic dependence on Rhodesia, and solidarity with all opponents of the Smith regime in Rhodesia, particularly with political prisoners of all kinds. Above, en roue below. -bannerscape In Square The crisis deepens JEREMYTHORPEMP Wholeheartedsupporthasnotbeen ternationalecoc chaired an Anti-Apartheid given to Zambia -in its efforts to end Rhodesia or to press conference atthe its economic dependence onRhodesia South Africa's ouseofere ne atth andtofindalternativeroutestothe fortheSmithre House of Commons On coastforitsexports.Britain'srela- The British June21drawingattention tionswithZambiaarenow near todo1itt totheJune campaignon breakingpoint andZambla'sleaders theendof poii Rhodesia. The Movement view this country's policies withthe release of petit issuedthefollowing deepestsuspicion. deae sp desia.The splp statements Onthepresent performance of Bri, tion of all oppo DURING the past seven months, there tat's sanctions policy, the Smith re- cy is as vicio has been no improvement in the gime is likely to survive indefinitely. prevailing in S Rhodesian situation. On the contrary, Dtspite claims of the increasing effect- to Amnesty's the crisis has become more grave - iveness of the sanctios, the fact re- some 1,100 hat undermining Britain's relations with mains that the Rhodesian economy has out trial. (This the new nations of Africa and the to alarge extent been sustained detainees in so Commonwealth and with the United through the support of South Africa. tion" - a pros Nations. DrVerwoerd'sallegedpolicyofdis- ity regulations Four aspects of British policy have interest has -in practice amounted to poice to dot led to this deterioration: a counter embargo poliy: meeting periods of 30 Rhodesia's basic otl and petrol re- quiries.") In The present talks with the illegal qurements, granting extensive credits Smith regime ii Smith regime have been widely inter- and foreign exchange facilities and ig the range preted as a first step towards the providing channels for the expect of messures, espe recognition of that regime. They have Rhodesian products. Britain has education and further convinced the Smith regime shown a persistent unwillingness to of emergency that it can secure and strengthen its demand South Africa's fall compliance authority through negotiations, with the United Nations call for In- contin iomic sanctions against i require an end to policies of support egime. overnment has been e or nothing to secure :e dictatorship and the stal prisoners in Rhopresnion and persecunents of white spremus and violent as that iuth Africa. Aerding eport of Feb=ry 23, o been detained withfigure does net Include -called "30-day deten'is.n under the seowr. which permits the sin any person for days "pending enaddition, the illegal s continuously sncreasof its segregation cially in the fields of employment. The state under which the Rhoued on page 2 IDE11[1L AR MD® The Declaration on Rhodesia signed by the 41 eminent people listed below was made public at the June 21 press conference aspart of AntiApartheid's campaign on Rhodesia, We, the undersigned : U~rge Ber Majesty's Government to take immediate steps to secure the authority of the UN Security Council making economic anotions against Rhodesia mendatory on all countries of the world; to support all necessary acts by the United Nations ensuring that all stages coply with the inndatory imposition of economic sanctions against Rhodesia; and to make immediate preparations for establishing a free and independent Rhodesia based on majority rule. Lord Boyd Orr Brigid Brophy Prof, E. H. S. Burhop Alan Bush Sir Hugh Casson Lord Chorley John Cohen David Dalches Lord Gifford Ruth Glass Prof. Max Gluckman John Grigg A E. Halliday, OB.E. Gerald Hanley Lord Henley Thomaa Hodgkin George Hsrst Clive Jendns Ludovlc Kennedy Benn W. Levy Hill Lindley Elizabeth Maconchy Gavin Maxwell David Mercer Lord Milford Iris Murdoch Sir Tom O'Brien Terence Parry Alan Rawithorne Lord Reay Peter Scott Lord Soper Dr David Stafford-Clark Adrian Stokes Prof. Richard M. Titmuss PhilioToynbee Fo T'Song Kenneth Tynan Prof. K. W. Wedderburn Prof. Richard Wollheim Doris Leasing July 1966 price sixpence

MICHAEL LAND reviews 'Tomorrow's Sun' by Helen Joseph Patience strained too far WHEN THE time comes to assess what role people like Helen Joseph have played in the lberation of Soutti Africa, I wonder what the verdict will be? Almost certainly it will be a historical verdict, since the reckoning is unlikely to come about during her lifetime. When it does rome, it is unlikely to be a peaceful revolution. But perhaps historians will find that the work of the ro Jospha helped to make it a little less bitter and terrible than it would otherwise have been. Helen Joseph's first contact with racial problems rame when she was taking her degree in English at King's College, London. Among her fellow studenta was an African boy nicknamed the "little chocolate soldier". The girl students solemnly met in the women's common room to decide whether they should agree to dooce with him i asked, or whether they should merely have coffee with him in the canteen. Heln voted in favour of sticking to coffee. A spell -as a school teacher in a highclass Indian girls' school altered her attitude to racial quetions. After India, She moved to South Africa and there, almost by change, become caught up in the thick of the bottle against apartheid. She has been one of the most dogged opponents of South Africa's tyranny for the last 20 years, and her book is an absorbing factual record of her campaigns. She has taken the worst, or almost the worst, that the expertly oppressive regime has to give, but She has still found ways of continuing her straggle. The book itself is part of it. Written Wbile under house arrest under the very noses at toe serrity police who visit her almost daily, t was then desnotched in numerous separate enve. tapes .through the post. She is still under house arrest and, as she says, what will hap pn to her now the book has been published is anyone's guess. The most valuable and compelling section of the book is the detailed record of her journey in 1962 to vist those Africans banished from their homelands because they were said to be whipping up opposition to government policy. The banishments were effected arbitracily -at the instigation of local administrators, and there is no machinery far appeal. Often the wives of the banished men were not told where they were, nor were they allowed to rejoin them. So Mrs Joseph, with two companions, set out on an 8000-ile trip all round the Republic to find the men and their families and to assure them that somebody at least cared about their plight. The condition of most has nt been alleviated, but the dossier on them is a unique addition to the record of what South Africa's ralers will eventually have to answer for. The book shows vividly bow the South African authorities remorselessly applied the screws when, in the ieis, effective African opposition appeared to be making headway. Mrs Joseph states succinctly the position that has now been reached: "Today, all channels of negotiation between white and non-white are closed. The leaders of the African people are imprisoned, outlawed and silenced; the government is even more determined to suppress all opposition to its apartheid policies. "I can no longer be confident of there being a peaceful solution. I only know that the patience of the coswhite people is being strained beyond endurance." No amnesty NO POLITICAL prisoners benefitied from the amnesty which applied to some prisoners In South African jails on the celebration of the Republic's fifth anniversary on May 31. Leaving the Basutos to the Union's mercies DESPITE the temptaions, faw polii cians allow themselves to be openly dishonest. The public neture of their profession makes the discovery of a straightforward lie almost inevitable, and potentially fatal. Rather than dishonesty, the successful politician practises a careful haziness of view. They fail to see, or anyway to see in clear focus, the facts which would make some predetermined policy unworkable. And this, while distasteful, is inevitable to some extent: mon in public life must be allowed a little flexibility. But all too often there comes a point at which the politicians go beyond pardonable evasiveness, and try systematically to deceive the public or, even more dangerously, themselves. This is clearly the state which Harold Wilson's government has reached in matters of Southern African policy. Facts however obvious, which do not fit in the Wilson analysis and the Wilson policy are ignored or denied. Before the elaborate pretensions of the Basutland independence talks, the obvious example was the case of oil sanctions against Rhodesia. The British Government's view was that oil was not getting into Rhodesia in serious quantities. And it did not matter how manypeople went to the Rhodesan-south African border to see and count the oil trocha nosing across . . . the British. Govermnt merely proclaimed all the louder the non-existence of something that people could see with their own eyes. The British public, so far as one could see, were not in fact taken in by this pretence, BUt the frightening thing which emerged otter some time was that the British Government had succeeded to some extent in deluding itself. This particular self-deception, however, was only one of ma complex factors at work In The Rhodesian affair. In the case of Basutoland, a similar self-deception will be the direct ans principal mause of an obvious hman tragedy. B will be the cause of 900,000 people losing their freedom. I USY call for action THE eighth congress of the International Union of Socialist Youth wa attended by 260 delegates from 60 different countries who represonted a wide variety of youth orgnisations and trade unions. Among the special guestswere representatives from ZAPU. ANC, SWAP0 and the Anti-Apartheid Movement. A particularly warm reception was given to the speeches of the Ati-Apaheid and the ZAPU representatives and an overwhelming vote was given for the resolutions caling for majority rule far Rhosia, an end to aprtheid in South Africa and for positive measures to bring these about. DOROTHY KIYA Norway backs NUSAS THE Norwegian Students Association unanimously passed a reaslution in support of the Na onl Union of South African Students and condemning the arbitrary action against ton Robertson. It also described the suspension of the Students' Council at the Johannesburg Indian teachers' school as a grave violation of the freedom of organtsation and of the basic principle of the rule of law. Southampton student plan AT the end of June, the Students' Union at Southampton University launched a campaign to collect a further £1,300 to bring a coloured student from South Africa to study in the University. £700 has already been raised and the Fund Committee hope to arrange for a student to come to Britain in October 1967. As part of the term's activities, a Revue was produced entitled "Race Against Time" Its producer, 22-year-old Education student, Derek Watts, said The basic self-deception here is the belief that Basutoland, in its present state of economic weakness, can be in any meaningful sme "independeant" of the Republic - and that South Africa's so-called "good- neighhour" policy can mean, even in the fairly short ron, anything but the subjection of Basutoland to whatever necessities may be dictated by the -security of the Republic's appalling social system. The fact that the Rasuto premier, Chief Leabua Jonathan, and his minority government share this delusion is no excuse for Britain. The British have never been slow to point out weaknesses in the political thinking of applicants far independence when in the past it has suited the imperial book to do so. In this case, it does not suit. The basic determination of the Labour Government about Southern Africa is now clear: this is to avoid any trouble and any expense in Southern Africa. The British economy is not in good enough shape for honourable solutions. British concern to avoid any difilWlties with the Republic over the High Commission territories was adequately demonstrated last year, in the case of the Basuto students who were not allowed to overfly the Republic on their way home. The Foreign Office put on one of its finest displays of "playing it lon ": the business of writing a potentially quite simple letter to the outh Africans Was protracted with artistic relish until the public dIsturbance over the case had died down, and nothing could be done without protest It is, of course, futile to pretend that in 1971, when the Labour Government next faces an election, the fate of Basutoland will matter in terms of Mr Wilson's middle-class realpolitik. (It is not particularly bold, though, to prophesy that Lesstho, as it will be known, will by then be i vassal-state of the Republic.) All the same, a long enough series of betroyals may add up to more than the reast Manipulator bargains for, and even so aall an affair as this is worth adding to the list. It can be said, of course that Basutoland was handed over to South Africa long before the present British Government appeared on the scene. And there is some truth in this. In fact, British colonial policy for Southern Africa was set - not very consciously -in the 20s as one of economic advartage coupled with political abdication. Rhodesia again provides a parallel in reality, power was handed over to the white-settler class in 1923, when the colony was granted its curios constitution, and UDI merely celebrated the fact belatedly. England's real interest in Basutoland was shortlived. It arose simply because of a fear that the Raisers Germany woo getting too powerful in Southern Africa, and altogether too friendly with the Boors. Therefore, a well.placed outpost would be handy. and when the Basuhos asked for protection against the Boors, they filled an obvious need. Once World War I was over, of course, Britain's interest virtually disappeared. And, in a sense, the Basulos were handed over almost at once to the Boers from 7hom they had asked to be protected. For Britain's only aim in administering Basutoland was now to cut down the cots, and it was found to be much cheaper to use South Africans to ron the country than ship people out from England. This was not the only effect of Whitehall's economy. No attempt was made to stregthen the Basuto economy seriously: the country remains dependent on South Africa for employment of the greater part of its labour force. Basutoland's need for economic help has never been, in crde terms, large. It s still tease to soy that a sum as small as three million pounds in one grant (on top of the annual budget-balancing grant-in-aid) would give Lesotho a sporting chance of avoiding the South African bear-hug. It seems a comparatively small price to pay for the freedom of a small nation from whom Britain has had the use it wanted, and to whom Britain has given little enough in the past. "The 'unusual feature of the revue was that the whole of the second half took the farm of a service in a Dutch Picket in Reformed Church, We wrote an anthem lled "Colour It White," and Sweden the readings were from an ICNO pamphlet on education. I wanted to get away from rehashes of Cook and ON SHARPEVILLE DAY. March 21, Moore and the Goons, and to create the Swedish South Africa Committee smething which had reel bite in It in Jonkoping began a one-month and exposed the Verwoerd regime in picket of a big store selling South its twisted sadness." The revue ended African goods The demonstrators with a Nigerian student, Aaron Ako handed out leaflets and stood with reading the final part of Nelson their posters outside this store each Mandeia's speech at the Rivouia day. Eventuallytheir efforts met with Trial, "I am prepared to die." success and the store is no longer selling South African goods. Finns get union help Statement THE Finnish Committee on South Africa, formed just over a year ago, is working in close co-operation with from the trade union movement of that country. They are campaigning for hbhycttofallimportsfromSouth 1 es and will then work en the stop- Pag page of all exports to South Africa. All trade unions are represented on the trade union committee, and the dsian police state operates can now, Ant-Apartheid Comnittee represents through the recent Emergenry Pawall the different political viewsin the era (Amendment) Bill, be extended many organistions which sit on it. indefinitely. This Bill has met with The committee is planning an inten- no opposition or protest from Brisive campaign for the autumn. tain. The above features of British policy reflect esther -an inability to solve the Rhodesian crisis and to restore US press constitutional rule baed on freedom and justice or an underlying desire to debate perpetuate white supremacy in Rho, desia and achieve a gradual accept. THE OVERSEAS Press Club of anceoftheSmithregimeasthe America will meet to discuss Freedom legitimate and independent governof the Press in South Africa, probably ment of the territory. If the hitter is in September, it was announced last not the rose, then Mr Wilson must month. The meeting was decided upon admit Britain's inability io enfioce following the banning by the South its own authority in Rhadesia ond African government of 40 overseas must agree to the United Nations tok newspaper men who wanted to visit ing over the task of solving the the Republic with Robert Kennedy in Rhodesian problem on the basis of June. South African goveronent rep- democracy and equality for all the resentatives will be invited to defend Rhodesian people. Without an immrethe government position, ad Chief diate British effort to stop police dirAlbert Lutuli, Mr Alan Pahin and tan tatorship, secure the release talks eon Robertson, the student leader baned only strengthen the Smith regime and just before Kennedy's visit, wil also increase the risks of conflict in be invited. Africa.

' YET England may keep faith" Yeats wrote, in a poem which I read while spending 144 days is solitary confinement in South Africa The phrase entangled me. Facing the Prospect of several years in prison, I was sometimes, in my box of brick and concrete, drowned in a wave of nostalgia for the impossibly green valleys of my childhood, for a soft, ambiguous sky in place of the sheet of brillant uniform blue which was spread above the barged wire which covered the exercise yard. And, inevitahly, in these circmostances, England meant more to me than just a landscape. Shakespearean fragments rang - and were even echoed by memories of a not-so-distant declaration of Harold Wilson's in Trafalgar Square. England was, to me, a country where people were, in a word, coenssed, an island where no man was as island. Others felt the same way. A previous detainee had scrawled on a cell wall "British Labour Victory. End of Apartheid in sight" And when even ttaly I was allowed hi leave South Africa (on condition I never returned) the plane landed - and there around me was that impossible green, there above me that ambiguous blue. I have received great personal kindnes from the English. But if I were to ask them for whom the bell tolls, I would now expect the answer "Not for me, chin." Schoolboys STUDENTS in several non-White schools in South Africa were involved in clashes with the Special Branch during the Republic Day celebrations held In all schools last month. Fifteen Indians - five of them pupils of the Roodepoort Indian High School and under the age of 18 and two teachers - appeared in the Magis. trate's Court on charges under the Suppression of Communism Act. an the school walls and distributed "Boycott the Republic Festival" pam.phlets. Those under the age of 18 were handed over in the recognizances of their arents and the remainded have been released on bail and ordered World Youth at Sofia by RONNIE KASHILS A.A. observer to 7th Association of the World Federation of Democratic Youth, Sofia, Bulgaria. PLUNGING head-first into the International arena - Vietnam! Cuba! Dominica! Aden! Angola! - I won. dered, none too optimistically, what interest I could arouse in our AntiApartheid Movement. Thinking about this now; after the handshakes, the smiles and the speeches of a hundred countries, the gruelling night-ang sesaons, I recall a private meeting will some youthful delegates from Argentina. (Sometimes more work is accomplished in these chats between contacts than in lofty words from te speakers' rcstrom). I had given them a load of literature as well as the Christian Action pamphlet on Bram Fischer. Fischer is known to them as 'a communist and when they now who had issued the pamphiet they were delighted. This astitude is shared by theW.F.DY. and bymost of its member organisatios. Outstanding amongst the latter were those from Brazil, Chile, Argentine, France, Greece, Spain, Japan, Australia, South Africa, Britain, Congo (Brnco) etc. Where in the world, et the present time, might one expect a more profound British commitment than on Southern Africa? It was Harold Wilson who said on March 17, 1963, that British influence was not something to be exerted "through diplomatic lunches in Paris." Was the alternative he had in mind diplomatic lunches in Salisbury and ? One might imagine o from the recent "ialkn" with rebel Rhodesian segregationists, the shady, secret negotiations in South Africa -- aimed at ovoiding any embarrassment to Dr Verwoerd over his refusal to implement mandatory sanctions. But no The influence Mr Wilson was referring to was to be exercised in the United Nations and on the "nations newly emerging from darkness into the light." Can Mr Wilson believe that this influence is being on inspiring one to the Africans of Tanzma and Zambio at the present time? Or to these Rhodesian Africans who massed at Salisbury airport to cheer him while a few white settlers booed and hissed last year? "What we, here gathered today" Mr Wilsen continued, "cannot tolerate, and we believe we are speaking in the name of the British pesple, is the help that Western countries are giving in building up the forces of a country which by its ections ha pat itself beyond the pale of human civilisation and earned the censure and condemnation of the clvilised world." protest to report to the police daily pending their re-appearance to court this month. One boy was arrested at his home in Pretoria at a5.0 am. Saf and pupils at four Indian schools in the Transvaal have recently been repeatedly questioned by Special Branch policemen. Six hundred jcering pupils walked out of the Pretoria Indian Boys School after rejecting packets of sweets offered to them as part Of the Republican Festival. The incident took place only 24 hours arter Serrity PohIce had been called in to investigate slogans which had been scrawled on the walls of the school buildings. The slogans included "T Hell With Verwoerd!" "Verweerd Heil!" with a swastik emblem 0 n g Lve Fischer." IN ENGLAND, NOW BY CAROLINE DE CRESPIGNY At the Mopeli African Tribal School, 25 prefects have hoen suspended following a demonstration by students after the resignation of their princi. pal. At least ten police dogs and scores of policemen in uniform were used to disperse the demonstrators. Students of the Transvual Tribal College of Education for Asiaties re'solved at a masI meeting held last month that they would not vale for a new S.R.C. under a constitution which excludes NUSAS from the campus and that no one will stand for election under such a constitution. This move follows the action of the Director of Indian Education, Mr P. R. T. Nel who suspended the S.R.C. constitutio which provided for the S.R.C's. affiliation to NUSAS, and banned NUSAS from the campus after the majority of the Indian students missed lectures to take pact in a pro. test march against the banning of NUSAS president. Mr toe nobestson If this is his opinion of South Africa, why Is his Government virtually handing over the British protectorate of Besutohand to Dr Verwoerd, disregarding every protest made by the representatives of the majority of the Basoto people?What. answer is them to these questions? A dusty answer. An explanation in terms of the most hot'sightediy expedient reanpoliti, An answer which blatantly igores all those con. sideratins of morality and tong-term planning which Mr Wilson, before gaining office, declared would influence his foreign policy He has changed certainly but have they, the Briish peope in whose name he believed he spoke in Trafalgar Square - and who have indein the present general election, given him a mandate 1o follow a Labour, as oposed to a Tory, olicy? In the shop windows I see the piles of "Cape Sunshine Sruit" picked by undernourished Coloureds, degraded on the "tt" system. On the shelves of the "Coop" (bastion of the Labour movement) are massed tins of Glenryk pilchards, caught and canned by a sweated nn-white labour force which is even prohited frm forming trade unions. Yes, these South African products wre a bit cheaper - as a famous British comedian informs us in the ads. But why are they a bit cheaper? Who cres? In my Yeats, in prison, I also read these lines: "The best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity." The second part of Ibis propostion bad been consistently demonstrated to me during twelve years' redence in South Africa. Those who govern that brul country with its "odious troppings of a police state" (Mr Wilson had a phrase for everything) are indeed" full of passionate intensity." But is the other half of the proposition true' Do "the best" Whom, in terms of concern for rights and liberties, I took, during those I4 days, to be the English) really "lark all conviction"? It would seem so if, without protest, they are prepred to' watch the betrayal of basic human values at present being carried out by their governent south of the Sahara. "Yet England may keep faith." Yeats was proved over-optimistic and I suppose I shall be too. ALL across the country anti-apartheid groups have been holding local funeioo designed In fit in with the June campaign On Rhodesia. MANCHESTER. An all-night vigil was held outside the Town Hll on June 10 to draw attention to the Rhodesian situation In addition the FaSt Stockport Branch of DATA held a party to raise funds for the AAM snd also passed a resolution urging the DATA Executive Committee to declare "black" all work destined for South Africa. BIRMINGHAM. Hundreds of signatures have been collected for the Anti-Apartheid petition. An instrumental and folk-sng concert was held with great success, (financially and artistically). A demonstration in DERBY Market Place oaed 700 people to sign the petition condemning the Smith regime. Mrs Peggy Edwards Parliamentary Liberl Candidate ar West Derbyshire was among the speakers. GLASGOW. A march was led through the town centre -to a meting on June 11, and signatures far the petition supporting majority role for Rhodesia were collected for presenttion to the Government. EAST GRINSTEAD anti-apasthed members picketed a pr-Rhodesia ehibition a t Belgate, and have raised eoney for the campaign throngs a folk sung social, a photographic exhibition, and a jumble sale. NORTHALLERTON, Yorkshire. A jumble sale raised £20 for the campaign. THAMES VALLEY Anti-Apartheid group gathered 12 cars together for Smotorcade on June 11, travelling 75 miles thrgh Slough, Maldenhed, Reading and Windsor calling for majority rule for Rhodesia over a loudspeaker and displaying pstam over the cars. Stephen Jacoby, the Liberal candidate for Windsor took part. Laurence Vambe of ZAP, Oddressed a coffee evening of Thames Valley members later. FINCHLEY AND FRIERN BARNET held a meeting of AntlApsrthet Committee at which 200 people heard Diana Collins, wife of Canon Collins of Chritioan Action, talk about Southern Africa, and saw the award-winning film "Vukani Awake." EDINBURGH Anti-Aportheid Cocm mittee last month presented a petition on Swaziland, the British High Commission Territory tucked into South Africa and Mozambique, to the Seerethe Colonies. It requested the British Government "to lead (Swaziland) on to a genuine self-government based on a non-racial roll which will clearly reveal the will of the majority of the people.," t ,also went to Edinburgh MPs. it also asked the Government to make constitutional arrangements leering to the encouragement of non- racial pOlltical orgasstioes, to reduce the posL tion and power of the monarc (who, the petition noted, has "tended to support concepts of tribalism and racial separation ") and to reduce the influence of the setter population (which, said the petition, supported the South Africaorientaed United Swaziland, "whose leaders supported the concept of apartheid and view fawurbly the rule of Dr Verwoerd in Soath Africa, and one of whose spokesmen has publicly stated that he would like to Incorporate Swaziland into the Republic of South Africa.") srael parade REPORTS from Israel tell of an AntiApartheid Campaign which was aunched on May Day. All May Day parades in the country had AntiApartheid slogans and banners. Dur. un June meetings were held at the terosalem, Tel-Aviv and Haifa Univesities and money wee collected to Provide scholarships for South African students. THE AFRICA BUREAU The AFRICA BUREAU helps to create understanding between Britain and Africa. Its deputations call on Ministers; its representatives visit Africa and the United Nations. In the past it shared the strong opposition of Africans to Federation in Central Africa. Now it works to solve the grave problems remain-, ing - particularly in Rhodesia. President Nyerere of Tanzania " The colonial powers have individuals and organizations dedicated to the restoration of human dignity in Africa One cannot think of such organizations without thinking of the African Bureau and its Director, the Rev. Michael Sco ft." Joshua Nkomo of Rhodesia " We Africans do not ask for charity, but for our freedom and the recogniftion of our dignity. The Africa Bureau is helping in this struggle." President Kaunda of Zambia "The Africa Bureau is doing a service to Africa." WILL YOU JOIN THE AFRICA BUREAU (E1. 0. 0. a year) Further particulars from: The Secretary, The Africa Bureau, 65 Denison House, London, SWI

Now, will Bobby stir America? SENATOR ROBERT KENNEDY'S visit to South Africa could have been an important event in the evolution of Unted States policy towards apartheid. It turned out to be no more than a diamp squib. As *a guest of the South African National Union of Students - an organisation that has heen the object of sustained prssur and persecution - Robert Kennedy was studiously boycotted by the Verwoerd governmerit, despite the Senator's efforts. But in four whirlwind days he swept through South Africa speechmaking about the "moral courage" that was essential "for those who seek to change the world which yields most painfully to change" .and so on. He visited the African ghetto of Soweto in Johannesburg and introduced binself thus: "I'm Robert Kennedy from the United States, and this is my wife Ethel ". He shook hands al round and made a special helicopter flight to see Chief Albert Luthuli, the restricted African leader. For some who heard and met him, as did novelist and Liberal, . his visit was "the best thing that has happened in South Africa for years ". The Rand Daily Mail acclaimed the visit as a "gust of fresh air ". That the junior Senator from New The toll of the gallows AN APPEAL by Mr .Justice Cloete of the Eastern Cape Supreme Court urging that the death penalty be abolished "as it does not ant as a deterrent" once again focuses attention on the number of people win have died on the gallows in South Africa. In the past twenty years 1,200 people have been executed and in the same period one million strokes have been meted out to offenders. Altbeug h the South African popula. tion is less than one tenth of She population of the United States, in the five year period, 1960 to 1984, 181 criminals were executed in the United States as -against 391 in South Africa. Corporal punishment in South Africa rose from 17,152 whippings moted out to 2,818 offenders in 1946 to 79,038 strokes for 16,887 offenders in 1804. The average prison population of South Africa in 1945 was 22,929 and last year the figure was 72,627. 4 York should have been received with warmth and acclaim is understandable. He was invited by the Students' Union and he accepted the invitation despep4so a'arness hahe Union was anfe persistent attack from the Government. The UIflno President, Ian Robertson bad jlot been banned under the Suppression of Communism Act - a clear indication that the Verwoerd goverment had disapproved of the invitation. More important was the background of general Intel. lectual suffocation in South Africa: all expressions of dissent had been systematically suppressed by the apartheid police state following the arrest ,and imprisonment of -all, known opponents of white supremacy in the country. The South African people undoubtedly believed that Robert Kennedy was a man of some influence in the United States; he was after all an aspirant for the office of President and could bring about changes in American policy towards South Africa. And the people must have Judged that the survival of Verwoerd and his regime was in some way related to the degree it was being tolerated if not sustained by the Western powers, most of all the United States. These indeed were the considerations which prompted the thousands of Africans to greet him and to urge him "to make load and clear" his "magic voice" against apartheid and to explain how he, as an influential American Senator, viewed United States policy towards South Africa. With a mixture of shrewd political profesionalism -and an almost evangelical sincerity Robert Kennedy certainly played the part required by the immediate situation. He compared apartheid in South Africa with the serfdom in the mountains of Peru; these and other evils were described as the "common works of man'. It Strachon's sentence reduced ROBERT (Harold) Strachan who was sentenced to two and a half years imprisonment on charges of perjury and of contravening the South African Prisons Act, had his sentence reduced by one year on appeal last month, Strachan's trial aromse from articles published in the Rand Dily Mal in June last year where he dealt with conditions he found In jail whilst he was serving a term of three years imprisonment for possessing explosives. Strachan's articles dealt with South African prima conditions generally and, in particular, with assaults on ns-White prisoners by warders. In his Judgment t e Judge-President said that while toe effect of the judgment 1s that "the verdict of guilty on all three counts must stand, the appeal succeeds to the extent that we have held that a certain nmber of statements made by the appllant were not proved beyond reasonable doubt to have been falsely made." Journalist freed Mr G- R Naidoo Chairman of the Non-White iranch of te South African Society of Journalists and Natal Editor of the weehiy Post has been released fte being detained for 79 days under the 180-day Law. VISITING Johnmnesburg last month, Mrs Robert Kennedy (left) receives a bouquet froi Maniben Slta, daughter of Nana Sita, a long-stauding upponent of the Government's Group Areas Act, and prominent member of the Transvaal Indian community. Mrs T. N. Naidoo (centre) whose son and son-ln-law are both serving political jail sentences, garlands Robert Kennedy, watched by her daughter Ramnie. was, in Robert Kennedy's vision, up to the young to make a start on improving the world. At the University of the Witwatersrand he pleaded for racial freedom, and warned that unless this was met, "in the fulness of time, others will be deprived because their skin is white". And in general this was the tenor of his speeches: no commitments, mo proposals and no programme but only "thoughtful musings" s Stanley Uys put it in the Nen Statesman recently. "The man with a vision has rome and gone and South Africans ore left with Or Verwoerd and the reality." But the reality is deeper. For no sooner than Robert Kennedy reached his homeland he spoke out against economic sanctions against apartheid arguing the case, long discredited as sheer hypocrisy, that sanctions would bring harm to the African population of South Africa. This is a line which has long been peddled by toe apologists of apartheid, "especially by the vested interests who fear that their investments will be harmed" (as the Kenya African National Union declared in a recent open letter to Robert Kennedy). The American Senator's vague protests against spar theid are being seen as little more than a smokescreen to hide the American $1,000 million investment interest in apartheid and in the stability of Dr Verwoerd's dictatorial role. Miss Kemp asks to leave AT LEAST seven former 90-day and 180-day detainee have applied for exit permits to leave South Africa. On their release from jail, they have been served with banning orders so severe that they find it impossible to lead normal lives in South Africa. They include Stephanie Kemp, who was the first white woman prisoner to attege police brutality when she was detained under the 90-daylaw in 1964. Her damages claim -against the Minister of Justice for ill treatment in prison is still outstanding in the Cape Town courts. She was released from jail, after being charged and serving part of 'her sentence last December. Censored THE COMMISSIONER of Prisons has refused permission for an Afrikaans newspaper to publish a baby picture of Abram Fischer, the South African lawyer recently jailed for life. The paper wanted to run the picture to illustrate a feature about Fischer and his family history. They used photographs of his father, Peter Mtrith Fischer who was Judge-President of the Orange Free State, and is grandfather Abraham Fischer, the first Prime Minister of the Orange River Colony. The picture of Abram Fischer as a 2-monholI baby, has the face blanked out. ani apartheid news Wealth SOUTH AFRICA'S average income per head of the whole population, is only somewhere between f87 and 262 according to new figures published by the United Nations. This puts the Republic into the middle-income bracket of nations together with countries like Spain, Cuba, Yugoslavia, Argentina and the Dominican Republic. This is despite the fact that enjoy a standard of living comparable to any, and that the Republic's economy is one of the world's fastest-growing. Curfew THE SMALL Cape seaside town of Gansbaai is to ban Africans from its streets who have no special permit between 9 pm and 5 am according to the Government Gazette. New harbour construction had boosted the local African population from 80 to about 20, the Town Clerk said. Asked whether there had been trouble with Africans, the Town Clerk said, "Not exactly. A Bantu was caught standing before a window one night but there was no trouble. The reason my council has asked for the curfew is that we have no night protection here. We want to keep the Bantu out of the streets at night, for they roam around all night long." Quads QUADS BORN in an East London Hospital last month to an African Sardeer and his wife are in great angers f dying when they leave hospital from a lack of good clothing and other necessities. The secretary of the Glen Grey Mission Hospital near East London, where the quads were born, said the father, James Teketa, earns M a month. Contributions should be sent to the hospital, near East London, Cape Province, South Africa, or to the Anti-Apartheid Movement for forwarding. Lawyers held TWO South African lawyers, one of whom studied in England, were detained last month under the 180-day detention law. They are Mr Hussie Seedat, 1, and Mr M. D. Naidoo, who studied in the UK. Mr Naido 'has been on hunger strike since June 4, two days after his arrest. Trade SOUTH AFRICAN exports to other African states have increased by almost f9 million this year - an unusual increase put down to vastly more trade with Rhodesia. Suzman MRS HELEN SUZMAN the Progres. sive Party's only MP, is likely to make the abolition of capital punishment the subject of a Private Members' Bill at the next session of the South African Parliament. Eviction 5,000 INDIANS last month sent -a lastminute appeal to the Minister of Indian Affairs in South Africa to prevent a wholesale eviction of Indians from Pageview, Transvaal. 2,000 Indians have received notice to quit their houses in the township, set aside for Asians by President Kruger in 1885. Now the government wants the families, some of whom have been living in the area for three generations, to move to Lenasia, 20 miles out of town and without the facilities of Pageview, which has been set aside for white occupation. Lenasia is 25 miles from the nearest hospita, has poor transport services, no pollc station, no nursery school, a full primacy school, and a high school with already an excess enrolment of 280 pupils. ADVERTISEMENT Newly arrived South African seeks family accommodation - phone TUD 2235.