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[Polystichum Circinatum Pm SLI of winter near peratures roug with most of t1 THE HIGHER FUNGI OF OREGONS CASCADE ties at the Ex HEAD EXPERIMENTAL FOREST operations, we AND VICINITY—I. stream valleys. forest cover, sa THE GENUS PHAEOCOLLYBIA (AGARI- coastal "jungle CALES) AND NOTES AND DESCRIP- [Polystichum TIONS OF OTHER SPECIES IN circinatum Pm THE AGARICALES Miguel!], and a all under a can ALEXANDER H. SMITH in short, to vi University Herbarium, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 18101 expected. The season AND "avalanche" of I JAMES M. TRAPPE hand at no time both an unusual U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, and the Department of for the period of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, previous seasons Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Since the pr. deals with some SUMMARY complex problen It was established that one of the characteristics of the sitka spruce tinued. forest of the Pacific Northwest is an abundance of basidiocarps of species In the follow of Phaeocollybia. The presence of Russula nigricans Fr. in North America is reaffirmed. New species and varieties described are : Phaeo- taken from Ridg collybia deceptiva, P. dissilicns, P. gregaria, P. oregonensis, P. piceae, P. scatesiae, Cortinarius vanduzerensis, Phylloporus arenicola, Suillus imitatus synonym in part var. viridescens. name is used wit mated that of th INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS not actually mad In discussions at the North American Conference on Mycorrhiza at Melzers, to desi the University of Illinois in 1969 the authors considered studying, at solution of potasl a future date, the higher fungi of the Cascade Head Experimental tion and used for Forest. Since it later developed that the fall of 1970 fitted our indi- Field •work w vidual and mutual plans, arrangements were made to undertake the work logical Society wi during that season. The location appeared to be good for field work In addition Mrs. the Northern Ida on Smiths project of a manual on the higher fleshy fungi of the western Research Assista United States, as well as for furthering the interest of the Forest Service Botany, also mad. in mycorrhizae and mvcorrhiza-fonning fungi. Smiths effort s Work began near the end of September and ceased with the onset Grant GB-16969, 1138 S MITH AND TRAPPE : A GARICALES 1139 of winter near the end of November. Winter in this area features tem- peratures roughly from 20-25° F to maxima in the 40-50-degree range with most of the precipitation as rain or freezing rain. From the facili- ..SCADE ties at the Experimental Forest headquarters near Otis as a base of operations, we worked both up and clown the coast as well as up the stream valleys. Frequent visits were made to the various types of forest cover, sand dunes, pastures and their borders, and of course the ARI- coastal "jungle" of salmon berry (Rubus spectabilis Pursh), sword fern IP- [Polystichum inunitum (Kaulf.) Pres1], willows, vine-maple (Acer circinatum Pursh.), Devils-club [Oplopanax horridum (J. Smith) Miquell], and a generous mixture of the debris left from timber cutting, all under a canopy of red alder mixed with conifers. We attempted, in short, to visit all types of habitat where higher fungi might be expected. igan 48104 The season was a "slow" one. At no time did we experience an "avalanche" of fungi, as can happen in the coastal area, but on the other hand at no time did we lack material for study. In this respect it was both an unusual and an ideal season. Smith recorded 1440 collections xperime I t for the period of residence, while Trappes collections from the same and t of previous seasons number nearly a thousand. Since the present report is in the nature of a preliminary paper, it deals with some of the highlights, so to speak, of the season. The more complex problems still await critical study, and collecting will be con- tka spruce tinued. of species In the following account, color names within quotation marks are in North -e : Phaeo- taken from Ridgway (1912) and are followed by the ISCC-NBS near- piceae, P. synonym in parentheses (Kelly and Judd, 1955). When a Ridgway us imitates name is used without quotation marks it means that the color approxi- mated that of the designated plate, but that a critical comparison was not actually made. The following abbreviations for solutions are used : ilycorrhiza at Melzers, to designate Melzers solution; KOH, for a 2.5% aqueous studying, at solution of potash; FeSO4, for iron salts in about a 5% aqueous solu- Experimental tion and used for certain color reactions. ted our indi- Field work was aided materially by members of the Oregon Myco- logical Society with special credit going to Mr. and Airs. Donald Goetz. lake the work In addition Mrs. Robert M. Scates of Post Falls, Idaho, a member of x field work the Northern Idaho Mycological Association, and Mr. Elwin Stewart, If the western Research Assistant of the Oregon State University Department of orest Service Botany, also made many valuable contributions. Smiths efforts were supported by the National Science Foundation rith the onset Grant GB-16969, and by the Northwest Forest and Range Experiment 7i■ ,0-AL I 1140 MYCOLOGIA, VOL. 64, 1972 Station which made available the facilities of the Cascade Head Experi- pression one mental Forest. Trappes participation was supported in part by rhizomorphs. National Science Foundation Grant GB-2738. This help is deeply discounted, si I appreciated. permeated Iv: From our THE GENUS PHAEOCOLLYBIA HEIM is a mycolopj The data included here form a supplement to the treatment of the Carr.] and 11( North American species by Smith (1957). From the standpoint of of the coastal the gill-fungi encountered, this genus furnished the most interesting to this forest data of any including Cortinarius. Six previously undescribed species further study were collected and are here described, but of equal interest was the oc- (1957) key t( currence of such previously described taxa as Phaeocollybia kauffmanit from the Ore (Smith) Singer, P. fear Smith, and P. attenuate (Smith) Singer. out our currel Earlier, Smith (1957) considered P. kauffmanii as uncommon to rare. It was a common species, however, in the sitka spruce—hemlock and A REVIS1 sitka spruce stands of the Experimental Forest in October, 1970. In 1. Spores 5-7.5 spite of repeated attempts, we still have not established the point of 1. Spores 7-11: 2. Stipe 8-20 origin of the hasidiocarps. The pseudorhiza becomes so thin, and the 2. Stipe 3-6 mat of tree rootlets so dense, that after the pseudorhiza has become 3. Pileus 50-11( reduced to a thread it always breaks before its point of origin can be tous to clavat ascertained. For P. kauffmanii, however, it seems apparent that the 3. Pileus 30-60 pseudorhiza extends deep into the mineral soil below the level of the cystidia (flat 4. Hyphac of densest distribution of mycorrhizae. 4. Hyphae of Among the larger species, P. olivacea Smith was the only one pre- 5. Pileus slimy t viously found producing truly large numbers of basidiocarps. Charac- 5. Pileus moist teristically, this species fruits in dense clusters or in arcs in which the 6. Spores rust fruit bodies are gregarious to clustered. In 1970 we found it rarely 6. Spores hya occurred 7. Stipe 1.5-3 in and only as individual hasidiocarps. Phaeocollybia kauffmanii 7. Stipe thicker: gregariously in limited areas in groups of a dozen or more, but the 8. Hyphae of basidiocarps did not appear to come from a common localized substrate such as a buried log. On the other hand, P. attenuata fruited in masses 8. Clamp coin of hundreds of hasidiocarps over a wide area, as if the spores had been the pellicle broadcast over the ground and each spore had produced a fruit body. 9. Stipe 3-8 (-10 9. Stipe 8-20(-4( This pattern of fruiting, we believe, excluded the possibility of their 10. Pileus lulti• point of origin being a buried stump, tree trunk or mass of dead roots. 10. Pileus vise The situation as regards the species Mrs. Scates discovered creates the 11. Cheilocystidia opposite impression. In this instance approximately 380 basidiocarps 11. Cheilocystidia occurred in a gigantic loose cluster on a mossy hummock which likely on one species represented the remains of a long-decayed stump, though the evidence 12. Spores 9-1 moist .... was not conclusive. Again, the pseudorhizae tapered to a fine thread 12. Spores 7-9 and their ultimate attachments were not determined, though the im- 13. Pileus olive fa( S MITH AND TRAPPE : AGARICALES 1141 lead Experi- pression one obtained was that they eventually became reduced to in part by rhizomorphs. The possibility of mycorrhizal association cannot be 1p is deeply discounted, since rotten wood on or in the soil of the coastal forests is permeated with living roots and mycorrhizae. From our studies in 1970 it is evident that the genus Phaeocollybia is a mycological feature of the sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) .tment of the Carr.] and hemlock [Tsztga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.] mixed stands standpoint of of the coastal area, but that the ecological relationships of the species -it interesting to this forest association still remain to be determined. To facilitate gibed species further study of this problem we take this occasion to revise Smiths t was the oc- (1957) key to the species. Also, a new species from Idaho and one pia kauffinanii from the Oregon area of the Cascade Range are included to round with) Singer. out our current knowledge of the genus in the Pacific Northwest.
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