Article
Language and Linguistics ໞߌ 17(5) 661–678דҚ⊖ᕒ˚⩊ㅠ᱿ㆩࠣמ⦝⁞ © The Author(s) 2016 Reprints and permissions: Қ⊖ᕒ˚⩊߱ᅞ⤵Ӡ֒ sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.navמ⧅ҥ—— * DOI: 10.1177/1606822X16637063 ʑ᱿̳ᮢ lin.sagepub.com
ͬ⎟ᘃ ᇷ֡ञણ
ΔࠀᇢቹૹዌࡨᆕڂګጟᣊীऱޢվᦰᖼଃऱᣊীΔૹរಘᓵئ٤ᖼᜢײᓵ֮ຏመូᆕ ႭଃࢤᔆऱᖼଃΔᇠଃଖଈ٣ᖄڶऱଃଖᚨئ٤ᖼᜢײऱଃଖΖ֮ີᎁࡨᆕئ٤ᖼᜢײ և塒ᐛਢګԫଡև塒ᐛΔᖼଃ᧢ޡીᆕऱᜢᓳߓอ։֏ອΕၺࠟՕᣊীΔྥ৵ࠡଃଖດ ዧԫ్ֱߢ։խڇվᦰئ٤ᖼᜢײΖᓵ֮ᝫૹᄅಘᓵԱڂૹऱ່ٻֱ᧢ጟዝڍᖄીࠡվ৵ ࡳऱኪ৫ΖܡݺଚڼயࢤΔኙڶऱ
ΔଃଖዌᚵΔֱߢ։ئ٤ᖼᜢײᣂဲΚᆕΔ
1. ೧⤵
ᄅᏑ (1990)Εޕᨌॗ (1988)Ε܇ڕբᆖ堚֏ऱዧֱߢΔئ٤ᖼᜢײᖂԫലᆕូ ᆕխբڇئ٤ᖼᜢײಘᓵᆕଃរऱழଢຟ༼ࠩڇ2009:197) ᖂृ) ՛ՅΕႈኄ٧ޕ տฯᆕהվᦰរऱழଢൻֺለ᠃შΔئ٤ᖼᜢײ٨ᜰᆕڇ (ᆖ堚֏Ζٔ᥇ (2007:167 ٤ᖼײᑇᆕֱߢڍᑇֱߢխ堚֏ωΖ֮ٔਢൎᓳڍڇئ٤ᖼᜢײଃऱรԫଡរਢψ ᎅࣔΖᖕݺڶຝ։ᆕսᦰᖼଃΔ۟࣍ਢୌࠄᆕΔࠀڶվᦰբᆖ堚֏Δຍრ࠺ထᝫئᜢ ∤Ն (Tsuji 1980)Εᔤ്ࡸ॑ (1995)Ε३ࡵ (1997)Εঀᘋੈ (2006)Ε๗ॣࣙࡉ്ۼଚࢬवΔ劋 ֗אছԳٽ֮ءվᦰսᖼଃऱֱߢΖئ٤ᖼᜢײຟམᖄመᆕ (2012) ܩΕ३ᐝ(2010) ᖼଃऱֱߢΔូࠡᣊীࠀಘᓵ܂ࠉ៱ᦰئ٤ᖼᜢײաऱᓳઔߒΔૹរտฯᆕխ߷ࠄ۞ վᦰئ٤ᖼᜢײվዝ᧢Δ່৵ಘᓵײऱئ٤ᖼᜢײཚऱଃଖ൶ಘᆕڰΔຏመૹዌࠡڂګࠡ Ζش܂ዧԫ్ֱߢ։խऱڇ شऱᄗ࢚Ζمխऱࠟଡઌյኙئ堚ᖼਢխഏႚอଃᣉᖂխऱԫኙΔਐऱਢ᎖ଃᜢ խऱԫኙܑࢤᐛΖ堚ᖼऱଃ।࿇ᖼۯᖂऱ࢚ࠐᇞΔ堚ᖼઌᅝ࣍᎖ଃଃۯଃז
ႈؾڣઝઔᄐ೭၄റႈᇷ८ΰዄতඔࣔਣૠΔᒳᇆΚ15JNQM024αࡉഏ୮षᄎઝᖂഗ८ॹءᛧխ؇ீഗ֮ء * ृຂΖطᙑᎄΔ݁ڶრߠΖ֮խૉޏᣪ၆ऱଥנ༼ေᐉറ୮ټΖტೳܗΰᒳᇆΚ12CYY008αᇷ ͬ⎟ᘃ
ኔᎾऱߢᅝխΔᜢᔼ೯ऱᖼଃࠠ᧯ࠐڇଃऱழଢᜢ೯ۖ࿇堚ଃऱழଢᜢլᔼ೯Ζ b]Ε[d]Ιԫᣊਢຏ] ڕऱཏຏᖼଃΔנา։ૉեଡ՛ᣊΚԫᣊਢຏመॄຝੌ࿇אױᎅᝫ ԫᣊਢᖼऱڶᖼփᡨଃ (voiced implosive) [ˎ]Ε[˒]ΙᝫڕऱᖼଃΔנመॺॄຝੌ࿇ bˡ]Ε[dˡ]Ζ່৵ԫጟᣊীऱ] ڕଃ (murmur)ΔຏൄᖼಬଃΔ܅Ⴍଃ (breathy voice) ࢨ ᔆՂᝫءpˡ]Ε[tˡ]Δ堚ଃᖼੌ] ܂ᖂൄᎅऱ堚ଃᖼੌΔൄಖܛΔڤઌᚨऱ᧢᧯ݮڶᖼଃᝫ ᧯վᦰᖼଃऱᆕֱߢխΔᖼଃऱࠠئ٤ᖼᜢײڇਢ᥆࣍࿇ᜢኪխऱႭଃࢨቍଃຍԫᣊଃΖ ᣊীऱ࿇ଃΖڻጟٺՂࢬᓫऱאਔԱץଃଖ
⤵Қ⊖ᕒ˚⩊ㅠ᱿ᅞמ⦝⁞ .2
2.1 ࡣ⩊̳ㅠ᱿⁞⦝
ऱଃߓᐛਢٵᆕ່ࣔ᧩լֱچהᖄᐖ۫ᆕᇿࠡڰ່ (Ն (Tsuji 1980:12–15ۼ劋 πڇᇿ᎓ցٚئଃωࢨψႭଃωհᣊऱᖼᚴଃΔຍࠄᖼტऱᜢ܅ࢬᘯψڶଃᆏڍৰ ऱᐰᚴᤩ࣋ΔۿΔ堚ଃၲࡨጹᇿထۘۿॺൄઌئऱᖼಬᜢܦऱઔߒρࢬ༴ᐊऱܦז ᇿၺᓳઌזײຟࠐ۞ئᖂൄᎅऱ堚ଃᖼੌΖൕᖵऱߡ৫ࠐΔᐖ۫ᆕᖼტऱᜢܛ ऱئࢬᓳऱᐖ۫ᆕխΔᖼᜢהڇΔנழՈਐٵ (Ն (Tsuji 1980:13ۼਢ劋܀Ζئऱ٤ᖼᜢ ᖼଃ܀հΔڻতΕ৸၅ࡉᎏၺفࣥऱᖼଃტ່ൎΙدܑऱΚψ୲ᗼΕݢᄻࡉڶൎஇ࿓৫ਢ ୲ᗼࠏ٨אΙ፧නբݙ٤堚֏ΖωՀ૿נڤऱݮ᧯᧢ط۞אტսৰࣔ᧩Ιতኑ່இΔႛ ՀΚڕࣹଃ֗ڗࠏئᜰᖼଃᜢ
ੌ ʳٲ ʳ ʳ ಁʳ ʳ ํʳ ॅʳ দʳ ᣆʳ રʳ ִʳٵ Κઇʳڗࠏ ଃᑑΚpˡun21ʳ tˡuƾ21ʳ kˡi21ʳcˡa21ʳ˦ˡüt2ʳ Ğˡün21ʳ ˳ˡwi21ʳ ˡԥw13ʳmˡu21ʳ n☏ˡoy21ʳ Ĕˡüt2ʳ ƾˡa:y21ʳ lˡԥw21
ᖼଃ່ൎΔڗվᦰᖼଃΖؓᜢڗ٤ᖼײຑ՞ᆕψקᆕנᔤ്ࡸ॑ (1995:16) ਐ սঅ܀؈ΔױᜢऱᖼੌՈװழրᜢ֠ࠡڶ堚ଃᖼੌऱ pˡΕtˡ ΖګbˡΕdˡ Δրᜢᦰ ΰᆏᙇαΚقՀࢬڕڗঅఎᖼଃऱຝ։ࠏئ٤ᖼႾଃᜢײऱԿ్։ऄωΖຑ՞ᆕئႾଃᜢײ
ʳ ʳ ᒡʳ ៱ʳ ʳ ऴʳ ݄ʳ ʳ ᕀʳ ᄶʳ ႆʳ ᆺض Κ۵ʳ ധʳ ػʳڗࠏ ଃᑑΚfvˋd8ʳ bˏ2ʳ bag8ʳ din2ʳ ded8ʳ goƾ2ʳ ̜ˍu6ʳ zoƾ2ʳ ̜˖g8ʳ zœ4ʳ zod8ʳ ˡai2ʳ ˡuæd8ʳ ˡuˋn2ʳ ˡid8
ΚᒌڕၺᓳᦰᖼࢨᖼੌွΔڶতऱၺ՞ᆕխՈאຑ՞נᔤ്ࡸ॑ (1995:17) ᝫਐ bon2]Εก [den2]Εஜ [gyn2]Εᆢ [guˋn2]Ε९ [dyoƾ2]Εᔰ [̛ˏ2]Εຫ [̛ˋn2]Εᆱ [kˡˋu4]Εݬ] kˡoƾ6]ΕՕ [tˡai6]Εػ [pˡeag8]Εݝ [kˡog8]Ε [̞ˡyd8]Ε [̝ˡap8]Ζ] tˡai4]Εທ [̞ˡo6]Ε٥]
662 Language and Linguistics 17(5)
ԫጟᣊীΖٵվᦰᖼଃऱᆕֱߢᚨ᥆ئ٤ᖼᜢײՆࡉᔤ്ࡸ॑ᖄऱۼऱࠐΔ劋᜔ ऱֱߢᖼଃ堚֏ऱመ࿓౨ࠩڶᖼଃ堚֏ऱွΔਢڇژຍࠄֱߢխڇנᖂृຟਐۯࠟ ᣂΖڶຑ՞ᆕऱ堚֏ঞᇿᜢᓳڕऱֱߢڶයٙΔ
2.2 ⵒӠ⩊̳ㅠ᱿⁞⦝
ᐖࣟᇿᐖٌ۫ለೣᏛऱᆕֱߢڇᖼଃऱֱߢ։ؒ܂վᦰຝ։ᦰئ٤ᖼᜢײ ܩᇩΰ३ᐝۂՂڠᐖࣟၲᢅᇀᇩΰ३ࡵ 1997Ιঀᘋੈ 2006αΕ֏ڶխΔؾছߠ壆ᖄऱ ܂ऱᔮ॰ᇩΰ๗ॣࣙΕ്∤ 2010αΖຍԿଡֱߢ᜔ऱࠐᎅຟ᥆࣍ຝ։ᦰڠᐖ۫၅֗א2012α ΔՀ૿ݺଚ։ܑၞ۩տฯΖٵլઌٺᖼଃऱࠠ᧯ൣउ܂ਢᦰ܀ᖼଃীΰঅఎᖼႾଃαΔ
2.2.1 ೊቺૺ⇵┷⥾
վᦰբ堚ئ٤ᖼᚴଃΕႾᚴଃᜢײᖕ३ࡵ (1997:44) ᖄΔᐖࣟၲ՟ΰᢅᇀαᇩऱ वᢅᇀױڗរຝ։ऱࠏئൕ֮խᜢ܀վᦰ [b]Ε[d]Ε[g]Ζئ٤ᖼႾଃࠀΕࡳΕᆢײ֏Δ վᦰਢ堚ଃ [k]Ζঀᘋੈئ堚ଃ [p]Ε[t]Δᆢڶᖼଃ [b]Ε[d]ΔՈڶվᦰਝئᇩࠀΕࡳ অఎᖼփᡨଃࢨཏຏᖼଃΔڍՕئբ٤ຝ堚֏Δࠀࡳئᓳழ࿇ᢅᇀᇩऱᆢڻ٦ (2006:27) क़ΕድޖᓳၲᆕΔ࿇ᢅᇀࡌᢰऱװڻڍृམڣ堚֏լಬႾଃΖհ৵༓ڗຝ։ ࠡኔᇿᜢᓳڗ堚֏ऱ߷ຝ։ئறழᝫ࿇ᢅᇀᇩࠀࡳޗऱွΖ༚ۿᣊڶⰊऱᆕٍ הαΔᇿࠡڗଡܑػᦰڶբ堚֏ΰՈڍڗᦰ֮ئᣂএΔᇿၺؓ (243) ઌऱࠀࡳڶࡉ֮ػຟ ڗվᦰຝ։ࠏئՕຝ։ᝫঅఎཏຏᖼଃࢨᖼփᡨଃΖᢅᇀᇩࠀΕࡳΕᆢئၺᓳઌऱࠀࡳ ଃᑑಖଃαΚڤΰᣤقՀࢬڕ
Κʳؓ [beƾ243]Εࡓ [peƾ243]Εؼ [ˎi243]Εက [pi243]Εඈ [pai243]Εࣄ [ˎԥu213]Ε [ˎi213]Εئࠀ [ᙄ [ˎan21]Εఐ [ˎeƾ21]Εػ [ˎak21]Εܑ [ˎi˖t21 in243]Ε [dam213]Εᆲ [deƾ213]Ε˒] ضtˍu243]Ε] ދΚʳᗷ [dœƾ243]Εᝀ [tœƾ243]Εᙰ [dˍu243]Εئࡳ ߤ [˒ˍu21]Εࡳ [˒eƾ21]Ε [dak21]Ε [˒ip21] kˍu243]ΕႧ [kuˍn243]Εᆱ [̞ˍu213]Ε२ [kuˍn213]Ε [kin21]Ε឵ [kuˍi21]Ε֗ [kˍp21]Ε] ޣΚʳئᆢ ໃ [kit21]
ᖼփᡨଃ [ˎ]Ε܂ઃᦰئଚࢬᓳऱᐖ۫୲ᗼᆕࠀΕࡳהᖠልΕ՚ዺ (2006:6) ༼ࠩڹ ڂ܀հΖۿઌڶԵΔᇿᢅᇀᇩଙנڶଃଖՂڇՆ (Tsuji 1980) ᖄऱ୲ᗼᇩۼΔຍᇿ劋[˒] ԫጟٵ᥆࣍ܡᎁࡳ୲ᗼᇿᢅᇀᆕਢړऱվᦰൣउΔਚլئ٤ᖼᜢײהࠩࠡ༼ڶ֮ڹ ᣊীΖ
663 ͬ⎟ᘃ
2.2.2 ೊቺջజ⠞ᱺ⥾
րᜢΰվᦰಬृئψࠀΕࡳωԲײᇩαۂဩػᇩΰՂڠᖄΔᐖࣟ֏ (2012) ܩᖕ३ᐝ ᇩۂՂڠվ֏ڇئ٤ᖼႾଃΕႾᚴଃᜢײהᦰփᡨଃ [ˎ]Ε[˒]Δ1 ࠡئೈ؆αࡉψᚥΕጤωԲ ΕԵվᦰլװ٤ᖼײ٤ᖼؓᜢվᦰಬ堚ଃΔײΚٵᇩઌڠխբ堚֏Δࠡዝ᧢৳Օીፖᐖ αΙئΚψؼω[p̠ei13]Εψຝω[ˎou31]ΰࠀڕ٤ᖼՂᜢػᦰಬΕ֮ᦰլಬΖײಬ堚ଃΔ 13 31 13 33 αΙψ९ДωئαΙψᛥω[t̠iaƾ ]Εψᣥω[tiak ]ΰൕئω[t̠☟ˏi ]Εψω[˒☟ˏi ]ΰࡳψ վᦰಬئ٤ᖼᜢײᇩψۂՂڠΔ֏נՈਐܩழΔ३ᐝٵαΖئω[̞iaƾ33]ΰᑢוiaƾ13]Εψ̠̞] ༓ئᖼႾଃόᆢύײΔ֠ࠡਢڍࡺڗئόᆢΕൕΕߵΕᑢύאᇩΔڠ࣍ᐖڍڗ堚ଃऱ ऱվᦰൣئ٤ᖼᜢײဩػᇩڠ૮ฆωΖᖞ᧯ࠐΔ֏ئլᓵؓրվᦰຟಬΔፖόࠀΕࡳύ վᦰխऱᣊীئ٤ᖼᜢײउֺለ൷२๗ॣࣙ (2007) ࢬᖄऱᆕྉெԿઊΰαऱՒᇩΕؓᇩ 堚լಬଃ܂ԵլਢᦰװᜢಬΔؓڶೈԱՂᜢಬ؆ᝫئဩػᇩऱࠀࡳڠ࣍֏ڇBΔ2 ܑ ᖼփᡨଃΖ܂ਢᦰۖ ئဩػᇩࠀࡳڠ࣍֏ڇរٵΖլۿᖼփᡨଃΔຍᇿᢅᇀᇩઌ܂րᜢᦰئဩػᇩࠀࡳڠ֏ ಬ堚ଃΔᢅᇀ܂ᦰڍվᦰՈئ٤ᖼႾଃႾᚴଃᜢײהಬ堚ଃΔࠡ܂ᦰڍվᦰၺؓΕၺՂ լಬऱ堚ଃΖ܂ຟᦰءᇩഗ
2.2.3 ೊ⣫⫉జ⻎⥾
ݙڶऱႾଃվᦰᝫۯຝ׃٤ᖼΕۡΕײᔮ॰ᇩڠ๗ॣࣙΕ്∤ (2010) ᖄऱᐖ۫၅ ئ٤堚ऱႾଃᜢײᦫტՂፖࠐ۞܀ࣔ᧩ऱᖼଃᐛΔڶ٤堚֏Δᕣጥ࢚ऱழଢቹՂࠀ ࣔנऱ৵ଃᆏழᆖൄဲิڗԲ܂ڇڗئ٤ᖼᜢײΖ່ૹऱਢΔຍࠄٵࢬլڶᝫਢ ։ܑಖ [b]Ε[d]Ε[˜]Ζᔮ॰ᇩױ౨ࠏ؆αΔױڶΔঞئऱᖼଃᐛΰଈଃᆏૉਢԵᜢᣉ᧩ ऱ [p]Ε[t]Ε[k] ፖອᓳჸΖൕଃߓᖂئ٤堚ᜢײऱ [b]Ε[d]Ε[˜] ፖၺᓳჸΔۖࠐ۞ ނᎁۯհխΖ๗Ε്ࠟۯࠓࠩ [p]Ε[t]Ε[k] ຍԿଡଃٽ։ܑױ [˜]ऱߡ৫ࠐΔ[b]Ε[d]Ε ࣍ൕპᨠՂᇞᤩᔮ॰ᇩխᖼଃ堚֏ऱ೯ኪܓڶΔֺለۯԿଡଃ܂ࠐנمb]Ε[d]Ε[˜] ᗑ] ᖼΖڗ堚Δ৵ڗվᦰऱរਢছئ٤ᖼᜢײመ࿓ΖՈ༉ਢᎅᔮ॰ᇩ ऱ堚֏ئ٤ᖼᜢײཚᆕڰਢኙ࣍ݺଚᎁᢝ܀ΔڍՂԿጟຝ։অఎᖼଃऱֱߢឈྥլא ૹऱრᆠΖڶመ࿓থ
᎘პऱڶଃଖ༴ᐊՂᎅຍࠟଡଃ࿇ଃழᏗڇրᜢऱᦰଃಖ bΕdΔئࠀΕࡳԲײᇩڠ֏ނ ( (1996:9–10ޕ 1 ܮΖ
վᦰ堚Ⴞئ٤ᖼᜢײהվᦰ堚ႾଃழಬΔࠡ塒ᦰ堚ႾଃழլಬΙࠡڗՂᜢشᣊী B ऱ٤ᖼଃࡉۡଃऱൄ 2 ᗼऱৄᣂΙெၺᗼऱඐੈৄڿၢΙྉতקᗼऱؑΔᑗ࣑ؑऱ९ࠐࡉۂڴקᆕڕଃΕႾᚴଃழঞԫຟಬΔ Ζ
664 Language and Linguistics 17(5)
2.3 ଅ
Δچᐖࣟࡉᐖ۫ࠟઊऱٌڇվᦰ٤ຝࢨຝ։অఎᖼଃऱֱߢ։ؒئᆕ٤ᖼᜢ ᜢࢮጹΕጹࢤᔆऱᖼփڶᜢᓳ࣋ᠾႭଃࢤᔆऱᖼଃΔՈڶࠡଃଖ।ֺለᓤᠧΔ լڍ࣍ছԳऱᖄطऱΛګ۶ݮڕଃᔆऱᖼଃਢٵԫൄߠऱཏຏᖼଃΖຍࠄլڶᡨଃΔՈ ΔՀ૿ݺଚૹរಘᓵຍଡംᠲΖڂګ൶ಘࠡࠠ᧯ऱ
Қ⊖ᕒ˚⩊ㅠ᱿ໞߌמ⦝⁞ .3
3.1 ࡣ⩊̳ㅠࠣ᱿ໞߌ
ᔤ്ࡸ॑ (1995) ᖄऱᆕ֗אࣥᆕدՆ (Tsuji 1980) ᖄऱᐖ۫୲ᗼΕݢᄻࡉۼ劋 ڶ٦܀ᓳΔڶڍऱᆕֱߢ৵ԳՈچᖼଃऱֱߢΖຍࠄ܂ᦰءຑ՞ᇩΕၺ՞ᇩຟਢഗ ऱᆕၞ۩ᓳΔ࿇چՕֱߢᓳၷ (2008) མኙݢᄻΕ፧නקڕᖼଃऱᖄΖۿ࿇ᣊ ຑၞ (2000)Εࡌ௺ (2000)Εޕվᦰբ堚֏Ζπᐖ۫ຏݳΘዧֱߢݳρ(1998)Εئ٤ᖼᜢײ ԼᗼؑᆕֱߢקվᦰᖼଃऱᖄΖπᆕئ٤ᖼᜢײࣥᇩΔՈլߠدඩ࢘ࣟ (2010) ຟམᖄመ ଉ (2004) ᖄמޕαᇩࡉၺ՞ᇩΔضᐝΕ്ֲࣙ 1994αᖄऱຑ՞ΰؒ܄ρΰᇯܫᓳ վᦰຟբ堚֏ԱΖئ٤ᖼᜢײᑥદ (2013) ᖄऱၺ՞壆ֱߢ֗אऱၺ՞ᕟകՀߺᇩ ऱ༴ᐊΛਢଃߓٵլڶᇙܫऱᓳٵլڇվᦰئ٤ᖼᜢײऱᆕچԫٵչᏖ ۔ᄅڶԫֱߢរٵࢨਢލऱΛګࢬທٵࢬᓳऱࠠ᧯ֱߢរࢨ࿇ଃԳլڂऱംᠲΔᝫਢ ޗՆࡉᔤ്ࡸ॑ऱᓳۼ࣍劋طΖٵ࣠ऱլګ౨ທױڶຟطऱംᠲΛᓵՂࠐᎅΔຍࠄ ᧯༉ࠠ܀ࡳছԳऱઔߒΖܡற᎘࣐ޗ৵ࠐऱشᖼଃΔਚլࡵڶΔຟ༴ᐊࠩڰறழၴઌኙለ נڶ౨ᄎױԫࡳऱܺᣄΰᦫᤚऱ࣠ᇿኔ᧭ऱ࣠ڶࡳܒ࣍ᖼಬଃऱطऱଃଖ༴ᐊࠐᎅΔ Նࡉᔤ്ۼ劋ނาᒯԵऱઔߒΖ༉ଃߓᐋ૿ۖߢΔޓጊΔཚৱվ৵ژאױݺଚڼԵαΔኙ ऱᖼଃܦ࣍ᔤ്ࡸ॑ኙطᚨྤംᠲΖۯਢᦫტᐋ૿ࢼွऱψᖼωଃ܂ࡸ॑ࢬ༴ᐊऱᖼଃ ԳམߏՀءऱᖼଃ൷२ΰܦᇿۥࢬ༴ᐊऱၺ՞ԫऱᆕᖼଃࠡଃהֺለᑵ൜Δᎅࣔۥଃ ᎅࠟृऱଃტઌ२αΖהᓮඒመᔤ്ࡸ॑Δ ऱᜢᓳݝΔᜢᓳऱ܅ຟঅఎထອၺءᖼଃऱᆕഗ܂Նࡉᔤ്ࡸ॑ࢬᖄऱᦰۼ劋 ຍࠄֱߢऱᖼଃ؈ڼڂऱև塒ᐛΔྤױڶױࠐऱܑᐛ᧢طئࣔ᧩։֏ࠌᖼᜢ ڇຍࠄᆕऱᖼଃ堚ଃނ౨ਢଃߓऱ࣠ΰױ۞ߪऱዝ᧢࣠ΔՈڂ౨ਢױਝ ऱαΖאױଃߓូՂਢݙ٤ ለچࠟᐖٌڇᐖ۫ऱᔮ॰ΕݢᄻΕ୲ᗼᆕຟ։ؒ֗א࣍ᐖࣟऱຑ՞Εၺ՞ط ऱֱߢঅچΔᇠچཚᆕ؋ߛࡉ࿇୶ऱխ֨ڰᖵՂথਢڇΔຍଡچೣᏛऱ՞ چาଃսᦰᏗଃαΖຍࠄئΔጊֲܑڶ壄ิࡉवᅃิڕཚᆕऱଃᣉᐛΰ壆ڰڍఎԱለ ڰΔݺଚᎁຍࠄᖼଃᚨᇠਢڼڂ౨ऱΖױڶᆕΔᖼଃ堚֏ழၴለඡਢהऱᆕઌֱֺࠡ
665 ͬ⎟ᘃ
܀ञᓵΔڶऱଃଖߒຶਢಬᝫਢլಬսئ٤ᖼᜢײཚᦰଃऱᙊఎΖឈྥؾছଃᣉᖂኙ ܡվᦰಬፖئ٤ᖼᜢײΔਚش܂ऱۯߓอխլದܑଃئᜢײڇܡಬፖئ٤ᖼᜢײᦹ࣍ ൕᇞᤩऱ܀Ζױܛᐋ૿ࠀլਢԫଡৰૹऱംᠲΔݺଚᏁൎᓳࠡࢼွऱψᖼωۯଃڇ ऱଃଖኙ࣍ᇞᤩ৵ࠐऱ࿇୶ࡉዝ᧢ᝫਢֺለૹئ٤ᖼᜢײዧࢨࡨᆕײߡ৫ࠐΔխ ऱଃଖዌᚵംᠲΖئ٤ᖼᜢײรᆏറ॰ಘᓵࡨᆕڇݺଚᄎڼڂऱΔ
3.2 ⵒӠ⩊̳ㅠࠣ᱿ໞߌ
Қ⊖ᕒ˚⩊᱿ໞߌמ⥾┷⇵ 3.2.1
࿇ଃᖂڶਢ܀ߠ壆ᖄऱֱߢխઌኙ֟ߠΔڇվᦰຍጟᣊীئ٤ᖼᜢײᐖࣟၲᢅᇀᇩ ٤ᖼႾଃխऱᆢײ֗אᖼᚴଃΕᖼႾᚴଃײߓอΔئ٤ᖼᜢײՂऱᖕΖ᜕ᨠᢅᇀᇩऱᖞଡ 堚֏ႉݧऱழଢམئ٤ᖼᜢײܦኘতຝەڇ (ຟբ堚֏լಬ堚ଃΖඦݳౘ (2002:25ئ ئԱ堚֏Δൕᜢس࿇چߓอਢຝ։ئ٤ᖼᜢײ࣠ڕԫଡֱߢᇙΔڇመԫଡૹऱ࿇Κψڶ ΔۖᖼႾئਢᖼႾᚴଃᜢڻΔࠡئऱᣊܑࠐΔ່٣堚֏ऱࢨृᎅ່୲࣐堚֏ऱਢᖼᚴଃᜢ ࣐堚֏ऱޓᨠኘࠩᖼᚴଃࡉႾᚴଃֺᖼႾଃچऱ᧢֏ຒ৫ਢ່ᒷኬऱΖωඦݳౘඕᔲئଃᜢ ٤ᖼႾଃਢຝ։堚֏ऱײංᓵΔޡၞԫאױᇩऱ।Δݺଚᝫڠ৳Ζᖕᢅᇀᇩࡉ֏ ڹᖼႾଃ堚֏ऱႉݧΔᑰஔႆ (2000:342) ࡉײᣂڶΖئ٣堚֏Δྥ৵ਢࠀࡳئᇩΔຏൄਢᆢ ᇩঞ༼ࠎԱڠΖᢅᇀᇩࡉ֏ٽᖠልऱᇞᤩ່٤૿ፖڹאಘᓵመΔ֠ڶᖠል (2003:9) ຟ ऱᇞᤩΚψຍᇙऱړԫଡৰנբڰ (չᏖ୲࣐堚֏Λ᎓ցٚ (1935ئऱֱߢࠏᢞΖᆢسس ቝՑለᐈጶאױՕऱ़ၴڍڶࠩᜢ॰߷ᇙԫ٥༉ֱچΔൕۡፖຌᠳઌ൷ऱބլᣄط إګየԱךᚭΚᜢ࿑პԫᦾ೯Δ߷ԫរऱ़ၴ್Ղ༉ނࠄܑऱנऱ [b] ࢨ [d] ଃ߷Ꮦݫ ွࢨਢรԼᣊ߷ጟᇙٱรᣊ߷ጟᣬऱګທאױழၴڶၴՈ़ڶՈאᚘԺԱΖࢬ ᖼଃԱΖωګᚭբᆖജᣄނՂ߷ࠄܑऱףࠐۡऱᡨ࿇ଃլءွΖٱόᡨ࿇ύऱ ཏຏᖼଃΕᖼփᡨଃ܂ᑌࢤΔൕᑇၦՂࠐᦰڍվᦰऱئࠀࡳײ࣍ڇֱچᔊऱڶᢅᇀᇩ ཚᖼଃऱྲྀఎΔ۟࣍ᢅᇀᇩऱࠀࡳڰཏຏऱᖼଃ۷ૠਢ܂ࡉ堚ᡨଃԿृऱֺࠏՕીઌᅝΖᦰ ᢅᇀᇩऱڂᣂΖڶᖼփᡨଃऱΔঀᘋੈ (2006:28) ᎁᇿ݇ᯚऱ൷ᤛ܂ᦰڶչᏖᝫئ Δਚຍܑڶ᧩ࢬऱᜢᓳࣔئᇿᚥጤئᖼփᡨଃΔۖࠀࡳ܂༉ᦰڰ࠹݇ᯚऱᐙৰئᚥጤ ԫຝ։ऱࠀࡳނԳچԱև塒ᐛΔ࠹࿇ଃክऱᐙࢨტΔᅝګऱኔᎾଃଖբᆖئࠄᜢ ࠀࡳվᦰᖼփᡨଃᄎײᖂृᔆጊᢅᇀᇩऱڶ౨ऱΖױڶऱᖼփᡨଃਢݙ٤ئᚥጤۿᣊ܂ᦰئ ౨ࢤৰ՛ΔଈױΔ٦ԫದ᧢ᖼփᡨଃऱΖݺଚᎁຍጟੌٽئլᄎਢ堚֏հ৵٣ᇿᚥጤ ऱ堚֏Δ3 ݺئ࣍ࠀࡳڰᖼփᡨଃࣔ᧩܂ᦰئᢞࣔᢅᇀᇩᆕᚥጤאױறޗլ֟ڶ٣Δ ౨ਢᇿױ堚֏ՈլئࠌࠀࡳܛΔڼڂऱᇞᤩΖޡԫऱᆕၞԫڠ֏ٽᆏᄎ 3.2.2 ڇଚ
٣Δࠀࡳ堚֏ڇພ֮ᚥጤᖼ֏ٵዝ᧢ᣊীԲխऱᇞᤩΖݺଚᎁئ٤ᖼᜢײՒᇩק։࣫ᆕڇ (ພؘհ (2005ەױ 3 堚֏ऱᇞᤩΖڰޓئᎁࠀࡳֺᆢהױࠀլᎁ܀৵ऱ։࣫Δڇ
666 Language and Linguistics 17(5)
ীऱᖼփᡨଃຏൄᏁԫଡ۴ᙟයٙΫΫسᖼփᡨଃऱΖ٦ृΔ۞܂᧢հ৵٦ԫದੌٽᚥጤ ئছᖼ֏Δࠀࡳ༼ڶࠌᚥጤܛᓳΔ܅ຟਢءվᦰᖼփᡨଃऱᜢᓳഗئᢅᇀᇩࠀࡳ܀ᓳΔ ᖠልΕ՚ዺڹऱਢອᓳᣊΔࠠໂئᚥጤڂ堚֏৵Ոৰᣄᇿᚥጤԫದ᧢ᖼփᡨଃΔ ऱਢၺᓳᣊΔ೯᧢ᖼփᡨଃ༉ܺᣄئࢬᎅऱ᧢ᖼփᡨଃऱයٙΔۖࠀࡳ (2006:5) ऱئࠡսᦰᖼଃऱழଢᚥጤڇ౨ਢױվᦰᖼփᡨଃ߷ຝ։ৰئΔᢅᇀᇩࠀࡳڼڂԱΖڍऱ ΔԲঞອၺᓳբྥ։֏ΔࠀۿऱΔԫঞࠟृຟਢᖼႾଃΔᦫტઌګᖼփᡨଃଃଖࢬტۖݮ ࠠ᧯ᓳଖڇऱ堚֏ঞਢ৵ࠐئΖۖࠀࡳسյᇖऱणኪΔଃଖឩཋৰ୲࣐ขۯࡳࡉᚥጤ࣍ଃ ऱΖګՀۖݮش܂ػᦰٌյ֮۔ࡉᄅ
Қ⊖ᕒ˚⩊᱿ໞߌמ⥾ջజ 3.2.2
ऱئၲࡨΔྥ৵ਢࠀࡳئ٤ᖼႾଃ堚֏ႉݧՈቝᢅᇀᇩ߷ᑌਢ٣ൕᆢײػᇩऱڠᐖࣟ֏ ՂᜢՈ堚֏ؓئࠀࡳ֗אಬ堚ଃ܂ᦰڍ堚֏৵Օئဩػᇩᆢڠࢬܑऱਢ֏ڶՂᜢΖؓ ઔߒྉতՒᇩڇ (ᅛ (1997:39ءᇞᤩऱΔ׆אױଃՂՈਢڇ堚֏ಬ堚ଃئಬଃΖᆢ ԫរழၴڍՀऱᚘԺᏁאΔᜢנՀऱੌբᙟۡೈॴۖᤩאΚψ࿇ଃ k ழᜢנழਐ ։່ګ։ᄎֺለ९ΔႾଃऱಬګଃ k ऱಬۡڼڂᏁለ९ऱழၴᄷໂΔאᕩፋΔࢬ ଃΖωመଃᜢڞ࣍ଃࡉۡٵᦰಬଃΔۖլٻᆜࠌࠡႜۯΔۡଃऱ࿇ଃאΖࢬ ऱլಬႾଃΔຏۯᖂ։࣫ऱԳຟवሐΔຌᠳլಬႾଃऱ VOT ຏൄᄎՕ࣍ᠨࢨᕡᦑຝ ऴයΔຍࠄᜢᖂᐛຟᎅࣔຌᠳႾଃೈॴለኬΔೈॴ৵൷ޱՂऱאࠟଡ۟ࠟଡנൄᝫᄎ ڍئᇩೈԱᆢڠಬႾଃऱ᠏᧢Ζ֏ٻଃழၴለ९Δຍࠄᐛຟ୲࣐ᖄીຌᠳլಬႾଃئ խՀཾऱۂ2012αΔຍᇿᦹ ܩಬ堚ଃΰ३ᐝ܂ᦰڍՈڗئᦰಬଃ؆ΔψൕΕߵΕᑢω ΔຍᚨࢤऱଃᐛΖٵ֏ׂᆕα।ઌܦၺᇩΰԫጠܦ՟ऱܦᇩࡉۂՀڠ֏ ԵᖼփᡨװऱվᦰΚվᦰؓՂಬ堚ႾଃΔվᦰئ࣍ࠀࡳڇհۥဩػᇩऱڠ֏ ౨ᇿױ堚֏αΔՈڰ౨ਢ۞ߪዝ᧢ऱ࣠ΰ࠹ᓳଖᐙለױऱ堚֏ಬਝڗՂؓئଃΖࠀࡳ ԫءվᦰᇿᐖࢌᆕഗئ٤ᖼᜢײᇩڠᣂΰڶᇩऱᐙڠᇩ֗ᐖڠࡌᢰऱൎႨᆕΫΫ լಬऱ堚ႾଃΖ܂ຟᦰء堚֏৵ഗئࠀࡳײᇩঞ࠹ൎႨᆕᐙլՕΔۂऱՀڠીαΖ֏ ᇩխΔڠ֏ڇ (1996:20) ᎁψޕΖڂګխᖼփᡨଃऱڗԵװئຍᇙ່ଖ൶ಘऱਢࠀࡳ ٤ײהրᜢՈ։ܑᦰ bΕdΔۖࠡئրᜢࡉࡳئᇩऱࠀۂ؆ΔՂא bΕd ܂ೈԱᚥጤ։ܑᦰ ԫଡႉዧᖼଃ堚ڶऱࠀࡳΔᚨᇠئ٤ᖼᜢײՂൣउΔאຟ։֏ઌᚨऱ堚ଃΔᖕئᖼᜢ ዧࡉ݇ᯚऱٌᘜΔء۩ઌᚨऱಬፖլಬऱ堚ଃऱၸΔྥ৵٦ၞ᧢֏ՕႨ٣ ᖠልΕ՚ዺڹᦰ堚ଃΰᚥΕጤαऱ pΕt ԫದΔ٦ಭ᧢ bΕdΖωء։֏ pΕt ऱຝ։ࡉ ئփऱᆕ֗Ꮈࠀࡳڇڠਔ֏ץՈᎁ܀ऱଃ᧢Δس࣍൷ᤛۖขطຍਢױឈլᎁ (2006:6) ٽփᡨଃΔۖਢ٣ᆖᖵԱ堚֏Δ։ܑፖᚥΕጤګ᧢ऱᖼᡨଃऴ൷זײऱփᡨ֏ψլਢऴ൷ൕ ऱᖼ֏ئᇿࠀࡳئᇩᚥጤۂᇩՂڠऱ։࣫ຟ֏ڹΕޕΔྥ৵ԫದ࿏֏Δ٦փᡨ֏ωΖੌ ছΔࠀࡳڇᦰᖼփᡨଃئΔᚨਢᚥጤڼڕऱΖኔᎾՂࠀॺګழၞ۩ࡉݙٵΰࢨփᡨ֏αਢ
667 ͬ⎟ᘃ
ற࿇Δޗᖄऱ (2007) ܩ (1996:20–21) ࡉ३ᐝޕ৵Ζݺଚᖕڇᦰᖼփᡨଃࢨ堚֏ئ ᦰᖼփᡨଃᚨ࿇ئᇩऱጤڠΔຍᎅࣔ֏ੌٽئᜢᦰ thΔրᜢᦰ tΔᇿ壄ؓئᇩൕΕߵۂՂڠ֏ ۂऱՀڠՈᚨᅝԫದ᧢ᖼփᡨଃΖ֏ڗئঞ壄ิऱຍࠄᜢܡᦰ t հছΔئൕΕߵΕ壄ڇس ၴ൷ᎅࣔຍԫംᠲΖאױΔՈܑڶᇿᚥጤᦰᖼփᡨଃմྥ܀ԫ৳堚֏ pΕtΔئᇩࠀࡳ ᦰଃऱᐙئ堚֏ऱൣउՀ࠹ᚥጤڶᖼଃڇ౨ਢױրᜢৰئᇩࠀࡳۂՂڠݺଚᎁ֏ ཏຏᖼଃ᧢᧯ [b]ΕڶऱᖼփᡨଃئᇩࠀࡳۂՂڠՀΚଈ٣Δ֏ڕطᖼփᡨଃऱΔ᧢ޡດ 2007αΔຍጟൣݮᇿᢅᇀᇩֺለ൷२ΖԫࠐࠟृຟਢᖼଃΔᦫტֺለ൷२ΔԲ ܩd]ΰ३ᐝ] ᦰଃઌյტ༉լ࡛ࢡԱΖࠡڼڂՂਢյᇖऱΔۯଃڇ࣍ᜢᓳբᆖ։֏Δᚥࠀࡉጤࡳطঞ ΖڼڕΔኔᎾࠀॺੌٽ༉ᄎᇿ壄Εൕߵئ堚֏Δࡳسրᜢ࿇ئᇩऱࠀࡳۂՂڠ࣠֏ڕΔڻ 堚ଃፖᓳऱئᓳऱࠀࡳ܅լߩΖףޓᖼփᡨଃΔଃࠉᖕ᧢৵٦אรԿΔૉਢ堚֏Ա אΕԳऱᦫტΕࢨृᜢᖂ।ຟܑৰՕΔ۞ྥଃ᧢ᣄسᖼփᡨଃྤᓵਢ࿇ଃئᚥጤ Ζس࿇
Қ⊖ᕒ˚⩊᱿ໞߌמ⥾⻎ 3.2.3
٤ᖼႾײऱܦΕՂ௧ԫऱڠխᄕൄߠΔᤕܦຝקڇᔮ॰ᇩऱຍጟᣊীڠᐖ۫၅ ᖼڶᡨధছڗΔ৵ޞቹՂऱ।ԫਢᡨధছྤᖼᖩڇڗழଢਢ堚ଃᖼੌΔছڍଃվᦰৰ ٤ᖼႾײܛ٤ᖼႾଃվᦰլᓵؓրԫ৳լಬীऱխၴၸΔײ౨ਢױڶΖຍጟᣊীᄕޞᖩ ୲࣐堚֏۷ڗֺ৵ڗՈດዬ堚֏Ζছڗ৵ڇچ堚֏Δኬኬڗছڇऱᛩቼڗ٣ᖕছ৵ئଃᜢ ࿇ଃٻᙩַणኪડྥ᠏ط࿇ଃழᜢڗᣂএΔছڶૠᇿ࿇ଃழᜢऱጹ്࿓৫֗౨ၦऱՕ՛ ࿇ଃणኪΔຏڇ࿇ଃழᜢբڗᖼଃऱ堚֏Ζۖ৵ګणኪΔᜢຏൄᄎֺለጹ്Δਚ࣐ທ ᜢڗ࿇ଃऱᐙΔ৵ٵ࣍࠰طଃݠΔئਢڗ࣠ছڕൄᜢֺለ࣋ᠾΔਚ࣐ፂᖼଃऱ࿇ଃΖ ୲࣐অఎᖼଃΖޓئ ऱᢞᖕΔړ堚֏ऱࠠ᧯መ࿓༼ࠎԱৰئ٤ᖼᜢײຝ։অఎᖼଃऱᆕֱߢݺଚᛵᇞᆕ ऱࠫڂࡉ؆ڂጟփڍݺଚᖼଃࠠ᧯ऱ堚֏መ࿓լਢԫۖ༉ऱΔຏൄᄎ࠹္ࠩܫழՈٵ પࢨᐙΖ
∑าדҚ⊖ᕒ᱿ㅠϊᐉბמ⦝׆আ⁞ .4
Қ⊖ᕒ᱿ㅠϊᐉბמ⦝׆আ⁞ 4.1
ऱଃଖΖئ٤ᖼᜢײؘዌᚵࡨᆕڶվዝ᧢Δײऱئ٤ᖼᜢײᇞᤩᆕچړޓԱ ኔᎾՂ܀ԱΔאױᦰଃψᖼω༉ئ٤ᖼᜢײᖂऱᐋ૿ݺଚᏁዌᚵࡨᆕۯଃڇឈྥ ਬጟࠠ᧯ऱ࿇ଃۖլਢࢼွऱଃᣊᖄીऱΔطଃ᧢ࠡኔਢڍጟΔۖৰڍڶψᖼωऱଃଖ। ᖼଃ܂ᦰئ٤ᖼᜢײߢֱڶዌᚵࠠ᧯ऱଃଖኙ࣍ᇞᤩ৵ࠐऱଃ᧢ՈৰૹΖᖕᆕսڼڂ
668 Language and Linguistics 17(5)
ऱଃଖዌᚵႭئ٤ᖼᜢײཚᆕڰࠡ堚֏৵ऱԿጟᣊী।Δ4 ݺଚല֗אऱൣउ ଃࢤᔆऱᖼଃΔܛᖂൄᎅऱᖼಬ᎖ଃΖᏁᎅࣔऱਢᖼಬଃխऱಬࠡኔਢԫጟ ᖄીዥΔ،ᇿ堚ಬ᎖ଃխऱٽݙ٤ຨڶᜢᔼ೯ऱመ࿓խᜢ॰ڇऱ࿇ᜢᣊীΔਐऱਢ վײऱئ٤ᖼᜢײ࣍ᇞᤩᆕܓڶዌᚵႭଃࢤᔆऱᖼಬ᎖ଃ،ނΖܑڶ։ࢤᔆګಬ Հ༓រΚאڶطዝ᧢Δ ײ֍ዥׂᆕαڍቼփऱԫࠄᆕΰקཚᖄऱᐖ۫֗ᆕڰՆࡉᔤ്ࡸ॑ۼรԫΔ劋 ཚᆕऱխ֨ΔֺᐖࢌᆕঅڰऱᆕਢچվᦰႭଃࢤᔆऱᖼଃΔຍࠄئ٤ᖼᜢ ՂଃΔ壄ิᇿवᅃۡྤײ᎘ଃࡉྤײঅఎڕཚᆕऱଃᣉᐛΔ壆ڰཚዧࢨڰڍఎԱለ խऱᖼئ٤ᖼᜢײΔݺଚᎁ֍ዥׂᆕڼڂᐛΖئᏗଃᜢ܂ᦰڍาଃئΔጊֲܑڶิ ఎΖژཚᦰଃऱڰಬଃΰႭଃαᅝ ࣍ᇞᤩᆕၺᓳᣊऱ։ܓڶଃଖዌᚵႭଃࢤᔆऱᖼଃئ٤ᖼᜢײรԲΔࡨᆕ ԿՕᐛΚΰԫαႭଃऱڶຏመኙ೯ኪᜢ॰ᣊীऱ։࣫࿇Ⴍଃ (2001:228) ؓۂ֏Ζ֞ ഗ᙮ለ܅ΔΰԲαႭଃऱၲለՕΔΰԿαႭଃऱຒ৫ৰ՛ΖՕ୮ຟवሐᆕऱᜢᓳ ᓳΖႭ܅ᑇᆕᇙຟਢڍՕڇለᖞᏘऱᜢԶᓳऱ։֏Δࠀၺᓳᣊऱᓳᙰڶߓอᇙ ዥΔਚՀᚘለ՛Δৰ୲࣐ᐙᓳᙰഗ᙮ଖڶլጹٽ࣍ᜢ॰ຨط࿇ᜢழڇଃࢤᔆऱᖼଃ ᑇൣڍՕڇࡉၺԵαऱᓳᙰչᏖװᇞᤩԱᆕऱၺᓳΰၺؓΕၺՂΕၺچړऱՀ૾Ζຍৰ Ζ܅उՀຟֺઌᚨऱອᓳ ԫګ᧢༉ᄎڤհՂऱ࿇ᜢֱئᜢڇࠐΔࠐࠉॵנࣔ᧩։֏؟รԿΔᆕऱၺᓳԫ ڍس༉୲࣐ข،ڼڂଃߓݝऱՕ᧢೯Δګଡև塒ᐛΔۖև塒ᐛऱ᧢֏ࢨ؈ࠀլᄎທ ࢨਢ堚֏լಬऱ堚ލ౨Κྤᓵਢ᧢ཏຏᖼଃᝫਢ᧢ऱᖼփᡨଃΔױጟ᧢֏ऱ הऱ႖ΖຍՈ༉ᇞᤩԱչᏖᆕԯ۟ࠡڗ堚ڻ٤堚ࢨײᇿڗئ٤ᖼᜢײګଃΔຟլᄎທ ऱᦰଃᣊীΖٵጟլڍڇژ堚֏հ৵Δᄎئ٤ᖼᜢײዧֱߢ վዝ᧢ࠏײ٤ᖼႾଃऱײאऱᦰଃ᧢֏ΔՀ૿ݺଚئ٤ᖼᜢײᆕق᧩چ堚ᄑޓԱ ؆ຝᐙαΖقփຝዝ᧢Δဠᒵ।قΰኔᒵ।قτቹ 1υࢬڕࠐၞ۩ᎅࣔΔ
∑Қ⊖ᕒㅠϊᐉბ᱿าמ⦝׆আ⁞ 4.2
վዝ᧢հ؆Δኙײऱئ٤ᖼᜢײயᇞᤩᆕڶאױऱଃଖዌᚵೈԱئ٤ᖼᜢײࡨᆕ ቹႃρ(1990) խࠡኔਢچπխഏߢڇૹऱრᆠΖؓᇩڶ֏ᇞؓᇩࡉᆕऱߓ᥆ञᓵՈࠠ πዧڇ (ዊ (1989:249ޕࠐ༉֧ದৰՕऱञᓵΖנ༼ࠐऱΔਚଶנمऱࢤᔆۖ։܂ՠא ਢ܀ᆕᇙਢ։ׂऱᑑᄷΔڇܡվᦰ堚ႾଃΕႾᚴଃழಬፖئ٤ᖼᜢײߢऱ։ρᇙᎅֱ ᇩऱؓڶچԫਢᖕᐖ۫ᅝمࣔᎅΖؓᇩᗑڶԫऱᑑᄷਢչᏖΔࠀمᇩᗑؓ
堚֏ऱԿՕᣊীΚԫਢլጥؓրԫ৳լಬΔਢ֍ዥׂᆕࡉெতؓᇩΙԲਢվᦰئ٤ᖼᜢײᆕ 4 ֏ׂࡉཱུკׂᆕΖܦຟಬΔਢءԵլಬΔਢᐖࢌׂᆕΙԿլᓵؓրഗװՂಬΕվᦰؓ
669 ͬ⎟ᘃ
țა 1Ȝᇖщһᐓ༕ग़ᕹѽވщϕᄴᠹ
–৵ၞ۩ԵऱઔߒΖឈྥ്ᘋ (1997:247א౨ਢԱֱঁױࠐऱΔॣৰנمᎅऄᑉழᗑ ؓᇩ։ᑑᄷΔאױվᦰئ٤ᖼᜢײቹႃρυԫ֮խᒔᎁԱچτૹᦰπխഏߢڇ (248 վᦰႾଃႾᚴଃئ٤ᖼᜢײរਢٵᇩհ։Δ،ଚऱ٥ؓקெতؓᇩࡉெڶᎁψؓᇩփຝ ڂዧֱߢܑၲࠐΖהᇩࡉᐖ۫ቼփऱࠡؓނאழΔԫຟਢլಬ堚ଃΖຍԫរ༉ߩ ਢ്֮ࠉྥ౨ᇞެ֍ዥׂᆕ܀ऱωΔ۩ױᇩᗑԫଡֱߢਢؓނቹႃρچΔπڼ լಬऱᐛΖءվᦰႾଃΕႾᚴଃഗئ٤ᖼᜢײࠟृຟࠠໂڂࡉؓᇩհၴऱᣂএംᠲΔ ኔᎾՂຍਢԫጟݾՂऱΔ܀ᇞެԱംᠲΔۿ֍ዥׂᆕូؓᇩᎎނ (ຑၞ (2005ޕ چு֨ڇ۶उޓ᥇ 2001αΔٔڕᇩូᆕΰؓނᖕຍԫᐛאױᆕઔߒृՈݙ٤ڂ ڕإլಬႾଃΕႾᚴଃऱΰຫᓡൎ 2012αΖ܂ᦰڍվᦰػᦰՈਢئ٤ᖼᜢײऱ۵՞ᆕ ಘᓵؓᇩംᠲऱழଢᆖൄ࢙ฃছ༼ࠐᓫֱߢូڇऱ߷ᑌΔՕ୮נਐ (2005:148) ॑ܦՊΕز ᇩࢨ֍ዥׂᆕؓקլᓫ۶ؓᇩΔ۶ᆕऱছ༼ՀಘᓵெতؓᇩΕெڇᖂृክڍ᥆Ζৰ ചԫဲΖٺΔڍᖄીञᓵฒڼڂᆕࡉؓᇩຍԫՕছ༼ီฒࢬࡌवࢨᚈᎁΔނऱូ᥆Δ ਢᎅΔᆕܛऱዌᚵൣउࠐΔࡨᆕਢঅఎᖼଃऱΔՈئ٤ᖼᜢײኙࡨᆕ֮ءൕ ئ٤ᖼᜢײشऱՕֱߢऱழଢսਢঅఎᖼଃऱΖຍՈ༉რ࠺ထࠌمଶൕዧ։֏ԫጟᗑ ಬຍԫᑑᄷࠐኙᆕࢨؓᇩၞ۩ԫ్Օֱߢ։ਢլݔᅝऱΖൕᖵऱߡ৫ࠐܡ堚֏ਢ ᆕփຝऱ։ׂයٙΖ܂אױऱ堚֏ئ٤ᖼᜢײΔ
670 Language and Linguistics 17(5)
Қ⊖ᕒ˚⩊߱ᅞ⤵Ӡ֒ʑ᱿̳ᮢמŘ⧅⤽ .5
ࠐቤ։ዧԫ్Օֱߢ່شऱվᦰൣउԫऴຟਢئ٤ᖼᜢײዧֱߢऱ։ಘᓵխΔڇ ࣔᒔऱߢᑑᄷΔࠩԱ᎓ցٚ (1928) թڶཚऱዧֱߢ։ࠀڰૹऱଃᣉᑑᄷհԫΖ վᦰᑑᄷئ٤ᖼᜢײނڰઔߒխΖ່ܦ࣍شωሎ܂ᑉࡳऱψՠ܂ᑑᄷئ٤ᖼᜢײނ πխഏଃᣉᖂρԫխലዧֱڇהࠩ٤ഏՕֱߢቤ։ऱᖂृ۷ૠਢ׆Ժ (1936)Δشߓอሎ խאԱנ༼ெ (1939) ՈࣔᒔֱޕऱվᦰΖئ٤ᖼᜢײଃቤ։նՕߓΔࠡխଈऱᑑᄷ༉ਢ ዧֱߢऱቤ։ᑑᄷհԫΖ۞׆Ε܂ऱ࿇୶ܡ٤ᖼଃΰվᦰႾଃΕႾᚴଃழαվಬፖײ ֱޕ࣍׆ԺࡉطվᦰຍයᑑᄷΖئ٤ᖼᜢײԱشՂຟᚌ٣ሎءհ৵ऱዧֱߢ։ᑑᄷഗޕ ڼڂԫ్ዧՕֱߢऱቤ։ᅝխΔڇشվᦰຍႈଃᑑᄷ౨ሎئ٤ᖼᜢײࣔᒔᎅڶெຟ ऱֱߢቤ։խڻଡᐋٺڇઌᅝ९ऱԫழཚփᖂኔᎾՂਢڇኔᎾऱ։ࡉ։ׂኔᔌխΔڇ ཚڰਢ܂վᦰऱଃଖئ٤ᖼᜢײނ (վᦰຍԫଃᐛΖԭ߶ᄅ (1998ئ٤ᖼᜢײԱشຟሎ ᓵࡉڇڻֱߢՕऱቤ։ࠉᖕΔຍਢଈ܂ཚᖵࢤයٙڰشᖵࢤऱଃᣉයٙΔࠀ് Ζ׆壂ഘ (2005) Ոၞԫۯچዧֱߢ։խऱڇվᦰຍႈଃᑑᄷئ٤ᖼᜢײऄՂࣔᒔԱֱ ՛Յ (2005) ᎁؾছ່ࠠߓޕΖۯچዧՕֱߢቤ։խऱრᆠࡉڇվᦰئ٤ᖼᜢײᓵ૪Աޡ ئ٤ᖼᜢײԱشሎהਠ୴Δٵվֱߢᇙऱլڇߓอئ٤ᖼᜢײอࢤࡉ৳ࢤऱ։ᣊᑑᄷਢ ԱኙዧՕֱߢऱቤ։Ζګվᦰຍԫයଃᣉᑑᄷ༉ݙ யڶ։խऱڇຝ։ᖂृኙࠡڶ։խటऱ߷ᏖૹႯΛՈڇվᦰຍԫᑑᄷئ٤ᖼᜢײ ٤ᖼႾଃΕႾᚴଃऱዝ᧢ຍයֱߢײૹᄅေ۷נ༼ڰᨌॗ (1988:44) ਢለ܇ᔆጊΖقࢤ। נ༼ழٵࠄᆕֱߢᇙዝ᧢լڶڇئ٤ᖼႾଃΕႾᚴଃᜢײಘᓵխڇਢڔቤ։ᑑᄷऱᖂृΔ ࠄڶࠄᆕֱߢቤូড়ᨇߓΔڶᎁψᖇՂ૪ᑑᄷࠐቤ։ֱߢΔ߷ᏖڔՂᔆጊऱΔא ᆕֱߢωΖ࿉ց (Simmons 2011:165) ᎁה൷२࣍ࠡޓڇਢຍࠄֱߢኔױቤូྉߓΖ ፖٽ࣍ᓳᣊऱ։ڇᎁᣂऱᑑᄷהයٙΔךԿ։լਢ։ᣊᖂᐋ૿ՂऱئႾଃΕႾᚴଃᜢ ڂαΖڼڕΕতຏֱߢଃߓڠࣜڇࠡኔࠀլૹΰ۟֟ڤଃᐋ૿Ղऱ।ݮڇئΔᜢمኙ ,ऱΖঀᘋੈ (2010شՂਢඵءվᦰຍԫᑑᄷഗئ٤ᖼᜢײऱ։ᓵࡉኔᔌխΔהڇڼ ԫ్ֱߢ։ऱଃᣉ܂ٽլᔞئ٤ᖼᜢײऱߡ৫ᓵ૪ڻൕଃ։ᑑᄷऱᐋ్֗ (2013 யࢤΖڶߢቤ։խऱֱڇ٤ᖼଃվᦰײᑑᄷΖຽౘ (2013) Ոൕᆕࡉؓᇩऱᣂএಘᓵխ֘৸ ঀᘋڇዝ᧢ऱಘᓵΔئ٤ᖼᜢײᆕ֗אଃଖऱዌᚵئ٤ᖼᜢײຏመኙࡨᆕ֮ء طᔆጊΔقயࢤ।ڶՕֱߢ։խऱڇվᦰئ٤ᖼᜢײኙޡऱഗ៕Ղၞԫ (2013 ,2010) ੈ ՀΚڕ ։֏ڶڇᚨᇠዌᚵᖼଃΔᎅࣔᆕئ٤ᖼᜢײรԫΔൕᖵऱߡ৫ࠐΔࡨᆕ ΕࡨྉܦսᖼଃΔ߷༉რ࠺ထ،ᇿࡨড়୮ᇩΕࡨئ٤ᖼᜢײߢհছֱڻጟٺ ڇতֱዧਢڍփऱ壆ڇਔᆕץຟਢᖼଃΖ5 ຍᎅࣔڤཚݮڰΕࡨᎸֱߢԫᑌࠡ
ऱঅఎᖼଃΔڍսለڇ࣍طܦࡨড়୮ᇩխ।堚ଃᖼੌΖྉࡉڇئ٤ᖼᜢײ2005:274) ᎁ) ႈኄ٧ 5 ՈਢᖼଃΖئ٤ᖼᜢײᅝᖼଃྤጊΖᢅࣧᅗ (Norman 1974) ዌᚵऱࡨᎸڤࠡࡨݮ
671 ͬ⎟ᘃ
վᦰ֠ࠡਢ堚֏৵ऱᦰଃࠐቤ։Օֱئ٤ᖼᜢײشԱΔ߷ګ堚֏հছ༉բᆖݮئ٤ᖼᜢײ ᢞᖕ।ࣔᆕऱᖼڍ壆ڶߪۖߢΔءߢΔ्ࠡ࣠ࡳᄎᇿᖵ։࣫ࢬऱᓵઌசΖ༉ᆕ ءվᦰഗئ٤ᖼᜢײࠟᐖ։ؒለᐖऱ֍ዥׂᆕڇڕऱԫጟଃ᧢Ζᤝسଃ堚֏ਢֺለඡթ࿇ ئ٤ᖼᜢײᎁהऱԫጟଃ᧢Δᖕ๗ॣࣙ (2004, 2007) ऱઔߒΔسլಬ堚ଃᚨৰඡ࿇ ئࠌਢቝᐖࢌᆕऱ٤ᖼᜢܛ堚֏ृಬଃΔඡ堚֏ृլಬଃΖڰ堚֏ऱԫ৳ਢ ۶उᆕ۟վޓຍଡଃ᧢հ৵Ζװ٤ᖼՂࠓԵ٤ᖼײڇسՂᓳվᦰಬ堚ଃΔࠡழၴՈ࿇ؓ 堚֏ຍԫᐛኙ࣍ᆕۖߢࠀլࠠئ٤ᖼᜢײΔڼڂࢨຝ։অఎᖼଃΖءԫࠄֱߢរഗڶս ໂᖵ৫Ζ ᆕڕΔڤվᦰਢԫऱᖼଃ堚֏ᑓئ٤ᖼᜢײԫጟՕֱߢڶรԲΔ༉ؾছࢬवΔ༓ Ιড়ᨇឈڤጟᑓڍԵլಬװՂಬؓ֗אԫ৳լಬΕԫ৳ಬڶ٤ᖼႾଃվᦰײ լಬ܂ཏሙຟᦰڗش༓ଡൄڶΔড়୮ᇩխڇژԫ৳լಬऱᣊীڶՈ܀ԫ৳ಬΔאྥ ऱڶऱᝫঅఎᖼଃΔڶࣔ᧩ԱΔףޓऱฆ༉ܡ٤ᖼႾଃႾᚴଃվᦰಬፖײ堚ଃΙྉ ܦΙڶऱਢငᜢᣉঅఎᖼଃΔԵᜢᣉ堚֏ᦰಬࡉլಬऱຟڶਢ堚֏৵ԫ৳լಬΔᝫ վᦰ堚Ⴞئ٤ᖼᜢײլ֟তຝֱߢၲࡨ堚֏լಬ堚ଃΙᎸխڶՈ܀অఎᖼଃΔא ڶڻঞΔኔঞᇿߢᐋྤۿܡᑇլಬΔ֟ᑇಬΔಬፖڍଃΕ堚Ⴞᚴଃழ ᣊীऱ堚֏ᑓהࠡڇژՈתࡉᓄᙉچק۫ڇਢ܀ಬրլಬ᧯Δؓאߢֱֱק ᣂΙ6 Օֱߢࢨ 10 Օֱߢ 7 ڶᇿנվᦰࠐቤ։ՕֱߢΔԫࡳᄎئ٤ᖼᜢײΖૉᣤਊᅃڤ Օઌஉஅऱ։ᣊ࣠Ζ ອᓳࡉנᐙᜢᓳࠌհࣔ᧩։֏؟խऱᖼଃԫئ٤ᖼᜢײছ૿ 4.1 ᆏࢬ૪ΔڕإรԿΔ ଃڗ࣍լᄎ֧ದطၺᓳࠟଡߓ٨հ৵Δࠡᖼଃ༉ດዬ᧢ԫଡև塒ᐛΔև塒ᐛऱ᧢֏ վᦰ堚֏հ৵ئ٤ᖼᜢײՕֱߢٺᇞᤩױإऱଃଖΖຍՈٵլנւ،ڼڂݝऱ᧢֏Δ ڕΔᤝڤऱ堚֏ᑓٵઌנ։֏אױऱՕֱߢփຝՈٵᣊীΖ۟ݙ٤լڻऱڍฒڶչᏖᄎ վᦰႾଃΕႾᚴଃլᓵؓրԫ৳լಬΕئ٤ᖼᜢײڶவΰஊຏᢾ 1990αࡉᆕփຝຟ ጟᑓڍנΖՈ༉ᎅᖼଃ堚֏ຍଡመ࿓ւڤᖕᜢᓳයٙၞ۩։֏ऱᑓ֗אԫ৳ಬ ڤऱ堚֏ᑓٵߢઌֱٵᇩࠐᎅլԫࡳऱٚრࢤΖངڶࠠڤଡֱߢᙇᖗୌጟࠠ᧯ݮٺΔڤ ౨ਢؓ۩໌ᄅऱ࣠Ζױڶ
6. ⦝
վᦰսഗئ٤ᖼᜢײ՛ຝ։ᆕڶਢսྥ܀վᦰբᆖ堚֏Δئ٤ᖼᜢײᑇᆕڍឈྥՕ ऱଃଖ༼ࠎԱئ٤ᖼᜢײᖼଃऱᆕֱߢݺଚૹዌࡨᆕ܂ᖼଃΔຍࠄᦰ܂ࢨຝ։ᦰء ײᚨڼڂཚᆕऱխ֨ΔڰለೣᏛऱچᖼଃऱᆕֱߢ܂ᦰءறᢞࣔΖഗޗૹऱ 堚֏ऱመ࿓ᅝڇئ٤ᖼᜢײऱվᦰᎅࣔᆕئ٤ᖼᜢײᇩڠଃऱᙊఎΖᔮ॰ᇩΕᢅᇀᇩࡉ֏
ᚊ (1985) ऱڕޕױࡉေ૪Δᖞ᧯ࠐᎅՕ୮ֺለᎁڃऱړለڶվᦰऱઔߒणئ٤ᖼᜢײ๗ॣࣙ (2004) ኙᎸ 6 ΖڻΔվᦰլಬඡཚᐋڻཚᐋڰվᦰಬئ٤ᖼᜢײᎸܛऄΔ
672 Language and Linguistics 17(5)
ऱΔᖞ᧯ႨਢᚴଃΕႾᚴଃ٣堚֏Δ൷ထਢຌᠳႾଃ堚֏Δ່৵թਢګࢤݙڻխࠀլਢԫ ᇿࠀࡳڂඡ堚֏ऱփຝ೯່ئऱࡳۯࡉᕡᦑຝئऱࠀۯऱႾଃ堚֏Ζᠨຝۯᠨࡉᕡᦑຝ ٤ᖼײᇩխؓקՒᇩΕྉতՒᇩࡉெק։࣫ᆕڇ (ᣂΔ๗ॣࣙ (2007ڶೣছۯऱ࿇ଃຝئ Δ؆ຝऱߢڂΖೈԱփٵᢥقຍរࠀᇡาᓵᢞΔृ।נଃΕۡଃվᦰऱ।ழբਐ ڶඡ堚֏ਬጟ࿓৫ՂՈᇿ݇ᯚऱᐙ່אհࢬئᛩቼՈլ୲࢙ီΔݺଚᎁຍࠄᆕࠀࡳ ڂګᖼփᡨଃΰࠡ܂ࢨᖵՂᦰڇئᇩऱᚥΕጤڠԫࡳऱᣂএΖᔮ॰ᇩΕᢅᇀᇩࡉ֏ ᓵڇئࢨጤࡳئᚥࠀڼڂΔܑڶ᧩࣍ຍࠄֱߢອၺᓳࣔطॺൄയ֊ऱᣂএαΔڶᇿ݇ᯚ ΔൕۖࠌئႚᎠࠩࠀࡳאױऱᖼփᡨଃ༉נئᚥጤڇࠐءΔຍᑌۯࠓԫଡଃٽױՂբ 堚֏ڇئࠐऱᖼଃࠩԱൎ֏Δൕۖࠠໂለൎऱݼ堚֏ऱ౨ԺΖ່৵堚֏ऱࠀࡳئࠀࡳ ᔮ॰ڕᆜ堚֏ΔۯڗছڇऱᐙΔڗऱ࠹ছ৵ڶऱᐙΚైڂփ؆ڍऱመ࿓խՈᄎ࠹ࠩ壆 ᇩΖڠᢅᇀᇩࡉ֏ڕऱ࠹ᜢᓳࢨᦞֱߢ֮ᦰଃऱᐙΔڶᇩΙ ऱଃଖئ٤ᖼᜢײսᦰᖼଃऱᆕֱߢऱኔᎾ।Δݺଚᎁࡨᆕئ٤ᖼᜢײᖕ ܅ອၺܧ։֏ອၺࠟᣊΔچႭଃࢤᔆऱᖼಬଃΔᇠଃଖଈ٣ࠌᆕऱᜢᓳߓอ ԫ৳ಬࢨܧ堚֏ऱመ࿓խڇئ٤ᖼᜢײև塒ᐛΔીࠌᆕ᧢ޡऱݝΔྥ৵ᖼଃດ ऱዌᚵ֗ࠡዝ᧢ऱ൶ಘࠌئ٤ᖼᜢײጟणኪΖኙࡨᆕڍԫ৳լಬԯ۟ࠉᖕᜢᓳಬ վᦰئ٤ᖼᜢײΔݺଚᎁش܂ዧֱߢ։խऱڇվᦰຍԫᑑᄷئ٤ᖼᜢײᛀಘڻݺଚ٦ ٤ײԱΔګᖼଃ堚֏հছ༉բᆖݮڇڰՕֱߢڍৰڂԫ్ዧֱߢऱቤ։խய࣠լՕΔڇ ᔞऱΖٽԫ్ֱߢփຝऱ։ׂᑑᄷଙਢ܂堚֏ئᖼᜢ
೧ᮢᄽ᪇
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[Received 15 December 2014; revised 23 June 2015; accepted 26 June 2015]
Department of Chinese Language and Literature & Institute of Chinese Dialects Jinan University 601 Huangpu West Road Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510632, China [email protected]
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Categories and Formation of Voiced Features of the Ancient Voiced Initial Consonants in Yue Dialects: On the Validity of Phonetic Features of the Ancient Voiced Consonants for the Classification of Dialects
Xingquan Hou Jinan University
This paper summarizes the categories of the present Cantonese voiced consonants which were evolved from the ancient Cantonese voiced initial consonants, discusses the synchronic formation of each category and attempts to reconstruct the proto-phonetic property of the ancient voiced consonants in Yue Dialects. It presents that the proto-phonetic property of the ancient voiced consonants of Yue dialects should be with a nature of breathy voiced consonant which initially caused the Cantonese tone system to differentiate into two sub-systems of Yin and Yang. The breathy voice then gradually became a redundant feature, which was the foremost reason for it to evolve in multiple directions henceforth. The paper probes as well into the effectiveness of these present voiced consonants’ being classified into the first partition of the modern Chinese dialect classification, towards which it holds a negative view.
Key words: Yue dialects, ancient voiced initial consonant, phonetic property reconstruction, dialect classification
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