Code of Practice for: Code of Practice for:
THE CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE SAFE OPERATION OF RECREATIONAL CRAFT THE SAFE OPERATION OF RECREATIONAL CRAFT has been developed to establish THE SAFE OPERATION OF RECREATIONAL CRAFT standards of safety and protection for all users of recreational craft. The Code sets out best practice for various types of recreational craft including vessel standards, equipment, safety operations, emergency procedures and current legislative requirements.
MaritimeMaritime SafetySafety DirectorateDirectorate
Price: €2.00 && IrishIrish CoastCoast GuardGuard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR: THE SAFE OPERATION OF RECREATIONAL CRAFT
Maritime Safety Directorate & Irish Coast Guard ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Maritime Safety Directorate & Irish Coast Guard would like to thank the following for their assistance in the preparation of the Code of Safe Practice for the Operation of Recreational Craft;
The Marine Safety Working Group CH Marine Ltd (supply of artwork) Union Chandlery (technical assistance) Middleton Marine Ltd (technical assistance) Marine Motors (technical assistance) International Sailing Cobh (technical assistance) Maritime and Coastguard Agency UK RNLI The Australian Voluntary Coast Guard The Royal New Zealand Coastguard Federation inc The Australian New Zealand Safe Boating Education Group (ANZSBEG) and all groups and individuals who provided comments on the Code. Published by the Stationery Office Dublin
To be purchased directly from the Government Publications Office Sun Alliance House, Molesworth Street, Dublin 2
Or by mail order from Government Publications, Postal Trade Section, Unit 20 Lake Side Retail Park, Claremorris, Co. Mayo. Tel: 01 6476834 or 1890 213434; Fax: 01 6476843 or 094 9378964
Or through any bookseller
Price: €2.00
ISBN: 978-1-4064-2229-0
Original publication: 2005 Reprint: 2006 Revised issue: 2008
Printed by: Holbrooks Printers, Portsmouth
Production by: Maritime Intelligence Ltd. www.foreshorebooks.com MARITIME SAFETY DIRECTORATE
Leeson Lane Dublin 2 Ireland
Telephone: 1890 443 311 Fax: +353 (0)1 678 3419 Email: [email protected]
IRISH COAST GUARD HQ
Leeson Lane Dublin 2 Ireland
Telephone: +353 (0) 6783454 Fax: +353 (0) 6783459 Email: [email protected]
IRISH COAST GUARD
For emergencies ring 999 or 112 and ask for Marine Rescue
Other 24-hour lines can be reached at either +353 (0)1 662 0922 or +353 (0)1 662 0923. CONTENTS 1 metres (45ft) but less than 21.50 metres (70ft) in length metres (70ft) in length towed rides Prevention of pollution by garbage from ships – Annex V of MARPOL of pollution by garbage from ships – Annex V of Prevention 1.5.2.1 1.5.2.2 (45ft) in length Recreational craft greater than 13.70 metres Recreational craft less than 13.70 metres (45ft) in length 1.5.1.1 after 1986 and greater than 13.7 Class XII Recreational Craft constructed 1.5.1.2 1986 and greater than 21.50 Class XII Recreational Craft constructed after 1.5.1.3 1.5.1.4 before 1986 Class XII Recreational Craft constructed (45ft) in length Recreational craft less than 13.70 metres 1.2.11.1 EPIRBs and PLBs 1.2.3.1 1.2.3.2of pollution by oil from ships - Annex 1 of MARPOL Prevention 1.2.4.1 1.2.4.2 on Recreational Craft other than PWC Lifejacket Regulations (PWC) 1.2.4.3 Watercraft on Personal Lifejacket Regulations other for waterskiing, wake boarding, paragliding and Lifejacket Regulations 1.2.11.2.2 Collision Regulations 1.2.3 SOLAS V - Safety of Navigation Chapter Prevention) MARPOL (Pollution 1.6.1 Shannon Navigation Act and Associated Bye-laws 1.5.2 Fire Fighting Equipment (Merchant Shipping Fire Appliances Rules) 1.4.1 Craft Greater Than 13.7 Metres In Length Recreational Legislation Applicable To Craft (Mercantile Marine Act 1955) of Recreational Registration 1.5.1 Lifesaving and Safety Equipment 1.3.1 Nautical Publications 1.3.1 Nautical 1.2.5 1.2.6 Craft - Minimum age levels Operation of Recreational 1.2.7 Controls on Alcohol and Drugs 1.2.8 Marine Equipment Directive 1.2.9 Craft Directive Recreational 1.2.10 Marine Casualty Investigation Board (MCIB) 1.2.11 Harbours Acts Radiocommunications 1.2.4 of lifejackets Wearing 1.6 and Canal Systems Inland Waterways 1.5 1.3 Craft Greater Than 12 Metres In Length Recreational Legislation Applicable To 1.4 Craft Greater Than 15 NRT Recreational Legislation Applicable To 1.1 Craft 1.2 for Recreational Statutory Requirements Craft Applicable to all Recreational Legislation PART A PART CRAFT FOR RECREATIONAL REQUIREMENTS STATUTORY 1 LEGISLATION CHAPTER Foreword by the Minister by the Foreword Introduction RECREATIONAL CRAFT CRAFT RECREATIONAL 4.1.14.1.2 Category E Category F 3.11.1 Pre-departure Checks 3.11.1 Pre-departure 3.11.2 On the water 3.9.1 Training 3.9.2 Safety 3.9.3 3.9.4 Checks and Briefing Pre-departure Operation of RIBS as Dive Boats 3.4.1 3.4.2 Ocean – Category A 3.4.3 Offshore – Category B 3.4.4 Inshore – Category C Sheltered – Category D 1.6.2 1.6.3 on Shannon Navigation Canal System Navigation 4.1 Training 4.2 Minimum Safety Equipment - Inland Waters Recommended 4.34.4 Communications Safety Equipment Checklist 3.10 National Association 3.10 National 3.11 / Sports Boats – operation and handling High Speed Power 3.12 Rides Association and Towed / Wakeboarding Waterskiing 3.13 National - INLAND WATERWAYS CHAPTER 4 SAIL AND MOTOR CRAFT 3.5 3.6 Safety Equipment Checklist Association 3.7 Competitive Use- Yachts 3.8 National Competitive Use- Motorboats 3.9 Dive Boat Operations CHAPTER 3 SAIL AND MOTOR CRAFT – COASTAL OPERATION MOTOR CRAFT – COASTAL CHAPTER 3 SAIL AND Planning 3.1 Training 3.2 Voyage 3.3 Safety Checks and Briefing 3.4 Pre-departure Equipment Safety Recommended PART B PART OF SAFE OPERATION FOR RECOMMENDED GUIDELINES Introduction and Application DINGHIES CHAPTER 2 SAILING 2.1 Training Association 2.2 Safety 2.3 National 1.7 2005 Maritime Safety Act
CONTENTS 2 CONTENTS 3 6.2.1 6.2.2 to entering the water Prior On the water 5.4.2 Emergency Procedures 5.4.1 5.4.2 Emergency to entering the water Prior 5.4.3 the water On 10.1 Operations to Moored Craft Safety Tendering 10.2 Marina Launching 10.3 Beach CHAPTER 10 SAFETY OPERATIONS CHAPTER 9 CHARTER BOATS / BARE BOAT HIRE / BARE BOAT CHAPTER 9 CHARTER BOATS 9.1 Training 9.2 Insurance 9.3 Minimum Safety Equipment on Board CHAPTER 8 ROWING 8.1 Training 8.2 Boats Olympic Style Rowing 8.3 Boat Construction & Equipment 8.4 Association Currachs Racing Gigs / Traditional Coastal Racing 8.5 National CHAPTER 7 CANOEING / KAYAKING 7.1 Training 7.2 to entering the water Prior 7.3 Kayaking Safety Equipment Personal 7.4 Sea Kayaking 7.5 River Association 7.6 National 6.3 National Association 6.3 National 6.1 Training 6.1 Training Safety 6.2 Windsurfing CHAPTER 6 WINDSURFING 5.5 Offshore Cruising 5.5 Offshore Association 5.6 National Checklists 5.7 PWC CHAPTER 5 PERSONAL WATERCRAFT (PWC) - JETSKIS (PWC) WATERCRAFT 5 PERSONAL CHAPTER 5.1 Training 5.2 for the PWC Equipment 5.3 Operations operator of the PWC to be worn/carried by the equipment Personal 5.4 PWC 11.6.2.1 11.6.2.2 Craft Without an Engine Craft With an Engine 11.9.1 Disposal of Expired Pyrotechnics 11.6.1 11.6.2 of Man Overboard Recovery of Man Overboard Manoeuvring Boat to Aid Recovery 11.5.2 Abandoning Ship 11.5.1 11.5.2 Abandoning Choosing a Liferaft 11.5.3 Survival In the Water 11.2.1 Automated Calling Calling 11.2.1 Automated 11.2.2 Non-Automated 11.2.3 VHF Radios Use of Handheld 11.3.1 Changes to the distress beacon system 11.1.2 PAN PAN 11.1.1 MAYDAY 11.1.2 PAN 10.4.1Engines 10.4.2 Rigging 10.4.3 Outboard and Maintenance Engine Operation Inboard 10.4.4 Kit 10.4.5 Engine Maintenance Annual 10.4.6 Tool Spare Parts Minimum APPENDICES Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Collisions at Sea (COLREGS) for Preventing The International Regulations Appendix 3 Guidance Notes on Radiocommunications Appendix 4 Buoyage Appendix 5 Anchoring, Stability & Boat Handling Appendix 6 & Safety Harness PFD/Lifejackets, Jacklines Appendix 7 & Sea States Weather Appendix 8 Marine Notices Appendix 9 Contact Details Appendix 10 List of Course Providers Appendix 11 Craft Directive – Advice on buying a recreational craft Recreational Glossary of Terms 11.7 Methods & Emergency Towing Procedures Helicopter Rescue 11.8 or Giving a Tow - Receiving Emergency Towing 11.9 Flares 11.4 Marine VHF Communications Network 11.5 Survival at Sea 11.6 Procedures Man Overboard and Recovery 11.2 calls of radio distress Types 11.3 EPIRBs CHAPTER 11 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES CHAPTER 11 EMERGENCY 11.1 for making a Distress Call using VHF Procedure 10.4 Maintenance 10.4
CONTENTS 4 CONTENTS 5 The development and promotion of the and promotion The development with Department of Transport Code by the in of all those with an interest the assistance is a key advancing the safety agenda, for the element of the safety strategy However, recreational boating sector. of recreational unless owners and users responsibilities to craft take seriously their properly ensure that their craft are operated, the maintained, equipped and about a safer Code in itself will not bring boating environment. have to people As is the case in road safety, for their safety take personal responsibility By when they decide to take to the water. taking simple measures such as wearing a lifejacket and following other sensible precautions set out in the Code, individuals can contribute to saving lives. Noel Dempsey T.D. Minister for Transport December 2008 FOREWORD FOREWORD BY THE MINISTER THE BY Marine incident statistics from the Irish Coast Guard show that the number of incidents involving pleasure craft has been The increase in the rising year on year. number of incidents has coincided with exponential growth in the marine leisure sector during the unprecedented growth in our economy since the 1990s. In 1990 there were 73 incidents involving pleasure craft. By 2000 that figure had risen to 319 and in 2007 there were 674 such incidents. The Code provides information on The Code provides information in a simple and legislative requirements gives straightforward way and user-friendly to operators and advice on best practice craft. I am certain owners of recreational that observance of it can help to save lives. I would encourage those taking to the water in leisure pursuits to be aware of and familiar with its contents. I am delighted to be able to say that the to be able to say that I am delighted of for the Safe Operation Code of Practice been very well Craft has Recreational in marine leisure received by those involved very popular since activities and has proved 2006. This is the it was launched in May which has been third reprint of the Code of changes since it updated to take account was first published. Part A of the Part – Chapters 2 to 11 set – Chapter 1 outlines existing comply with the requirements growing marine leisure sector. Among the leisure sector. growing marine code of the introduction of a initiatives was craft. safe practice for recreational by the Maritime A draft Code prepared Irish Coastguard, Safety Directorate and consultation was the subject of a public 2004. An process from May to October out on the assessment was carried the draft Code was responses received and comments revised having regard to process on received. A further consultation took place with the revised draft Code and representative relevant State agencies organisations in April 2005. Again comments received from various representative organisations and individuals have been taken on board in finalising the Code. Part B of the Code Part must How to use this Code It is the responsibility of owners and operators of recreational craft to ensure that a vessel is properly maintained, equipped and operated. This Code aims to assist owners and operators in their responsibility by setting out current legislative requirements governing recreational craft and best practice for vessel standards, equipment and operation for the different types of recreational craft and their areas of operation. The Code is in two parts. appropriate to their craft. legislative requirements that apply to recreational craft. Owners and operators out best practice for the safe operation of recreational craft. Chapters 2 to 9 provide Code INTRODUCTION sports boats and dive boats. Background In 2002 the then Minister announced a review of safety measures on small watercraft. On foot of the review and a consultation process, the Minister announced in August 2003 that he intended bringing forward a series of safety initiatives aimed at Ireland’s This Code of Practice for the Safe Practice This Code of intended Craft is Recreational Operation of users of owners, operators and for the use of recreational craft. craft are vessels used for Recreational regardless of leisure or sport purposes, They are also their means of propulsion. as pleasure craft. sometimes referred to recreational craft This Code applies to all including: operating in Irish waters, • Sailing craft • Windsurfers • Motorboats, ski boats, powerboats, • watercraft (Jet skis) Personal • Canoes, kayaks • Non powered craft Where passengers are carried by commercially operated craft manned by a skipper and crew they are regarded as passenger vessels and are subject to the requirements of the Merchant Shipping Act 1992, as amended, and any associated rules and regulations. The Code incorporates both competitive and non-competitive use of recreational craft. Who is the Code for? Who is the
INTRODUCTION 6 INTRODUCTION 7 1890 443 311 Fax: + 353 1 6783419 Email: [email protected] Ph: Maritime Safety Directorate Department of Transport Leeson Lane Dublin 2 Ireland If you have any queries, comments or suggestions regarding the Code please forward them to: Amendments The Code will be kept under continuous review to ensure that it remains up to date and revisions will be posted on the designated website as they occur. The Maritime Safety Directorate’s and Irish The Maritime Safety Directorate’s aim in developing Coast Guard’s primary establish standards of the Code has been to for all users of safety and protection recreational craft. Owners and operators should familiarise Owners and operators of the Code, the themselves with part A B appropriate to particular chapter in part with chapters their type of vessel together 10 and 11. guidance in relation to particular types of relation to particular types guidance in 10 and craft/activities. Chapters recreational to safety guidance applicable 11 provide craft generally. recreational it to operate as a single unit within the as a single unit within it to operate to address all safety matters. Department 2006 the Maritime the 1st of January From Irish Coast Guard Safety Directorate and of Transport. moved to the Department is on accident The main focus of the MSD appropriate prevention through an and a heightening combination of regulation enforcement. The of safety awareness and as far as possible, IRCG seeks to prevent, in inland waters the loss of life at sea and an effective and others areas, through response comprehensive emergency and IRCG work the MSD service. Together to minimise the risk of pollution from ships, and where pollution occurs to deal with all aspects of response at sea and coastal areas. AND IRISH COAST GUARD GUARD COAST AND IRISH THE MARITIME SAFETY DIRECTORATE DIRECTORATE SAFETY MARITIME THE The Department of Transport, through the through of Transport, The Department and the Directorate (MSD) Maritime Safety Guard (IRCG), is the national Irish Coast for the authority with responsibility enforcement of promotion, regulation and marine security, maritime maritime safety, emergency communications, marine marine pollution management services and and response. preparedness, prevention Directorate In 2002 the Maritime Safety within the then (MSD) was established Marine Department of Communications, to create an and Natural Resources efficient, effective and co-ordinated marine safety regulatory service to ensure that Close safety of life receives high priority. links between the MSD and IRCG to enable
INTRODUCTION 8 PART A
STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SAFE OPERATION OF RECREATIONAL CRAFT
LEGISLATION http://www.transport.ie Instruments (Merchant Shipping Rules and Rules Shipping (Merchant Instruments to National legislation relating Regulations). available on the is sector, the maritime Directorate (MSD) Maritime Safety webpage at Recreational Recreational Recreational Marine Notices are advisory or guidance Marine Notices on by the MSD and are available notes issued appendix 7). The the MSD webpage (see Lights and Waterways Commissioner of Irish notices for waters Ireland also issue marine under their jurisdiction. maritime While much of the national at commercial legislation is primarily directed parts of it that shipping, there are certain and these are set apply to recreational craft out in the following table. Craft Craft >12m Craft >15 NRT Craft >13.7m All Recreational
FOR RECREATIONAL CRAFT FOR RECREATIONAL
Publications) Regulations 1985 Publications) Regulations Mercantile Marine Act 1955 MS (Life Saving Appliances) 1983 & 1993 Rules MS (Fire Appliances) 1967, 1983 & 1985 Rules Merchant Shipping (Investigation Of Marine Casualties) Act 2000 – Marine Casualty Investigation Board Harbours Acts of 1946, 1996 and Fisheries Centre Harbours Act 1980 Maritime Safety Act 2005 MS (Carriage of Nautical MARPOL Annex I and V Flotation Pleasure Craft (Personal Devices and Operation) (Safety) 2005 Regulations Craft Recreational Directive 94/25EC and amendment 44/2003 Legislation (Ships & Water Collision Regulations Order 1984 Craft on the Water) SOLAS Chapter V National maritime legislation comprises National maritime legislation Shipping Acts primary legislation (Merchant secondary 1894-2005), and associated legislation in the form of Statutory 1.1 STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS STATUTORY 1.1 explains the Code identifies and This part of that is applicable to recreational the legislation with within Irish waters and craft operating craft and operators of such which owners Statutory requirements must comply. encompassing comprise Irish legislation, European Union national maritime legislation, obligations under Directives and the State’s conventions various international maritime international adopted by IMO and other maritime bodies. 12 01 LEGISLATION 13
01 LEGISLATION in length overall must recreational craft of 12 from ships – Annex V of MARPOL V of from ships – Annex Prevention of pollution by garbage Prevention items of plastic including plastic and packing materials which will float. all other garbage including paper products, rags, glass, metal, bottles, crockery and similar refuse. practicable be fitted with a radar practicable if it can reasonably be reflector (i.e. be fitted with one). fitted, it should be carried on board where possible, a copy board where possible, be carried on appendix 1. is included in garbage must be made as far as practicable from the nearest land but is in any case prohibited if the distance from the nearest land is less than: recreational craft to report any dangers recreational craft to report to distress to navigation and respond by contacting messages. This can be done reporting the Irish Coast Guard and directly to them. are not misused. (i) 25 nautical miles for dunnage – lining (ii) 12 nautical miles for food wastes and any garbage bags, wrappings, synthetic rope etc. • must as far as craft Recreational (b) The disposal into the sea of the following 1.2.3 MARPOL (Pollution Prevention) (Pollution 1.2.3 MARPOL 1.2.3.1 All recreational craft must comply with the following requirements in relation to the disposal of garbage: (a) It is prohibited to dispose into the sea • must table of lifesaving signals An illustrated • on the skipper of a There is an obligation • distress signals It is a requirement that Additionally metres or more display placards which notify the crew of the requirements concerning the disposal of garbage. Navigation ALL RECREATIONAL CRAFT ALL RECREATIONAL properly planned prior to being undertaken. Craft on the Water) Order 1984, S.I. No. Craft on the Water) 29 of 1984 (Amendment) Craft On The Water) of 1990 Order 1990, S.I. No. 36 (Amendment) Craft On The Water) of 1993 Order 1993, S.I. No. 287 (Amendment) Craft On The Water) of 2005 Order 2005, S.I. No. 47 While most of the SOLAS convention only applies to large commercial ships, parts of Chapter V dealing with safety of navigation apply to all recreational craft. Marine Notice No. 9 of 2003 explains the implications of the legislation, which is summarised as follows: • It is a requirement that any voyage is 1.2.2 SOLAS Chapter V - Safety of On 1 July 2002, a number of new SOLAS regulations came into force which directly affect recreational craft. All owners, skippers or persons in charge of a recreational craft should be fully familiar with the collision regulations. Some of the main requirements are included in Appendix 1. • (Ships and Water Collision Regulations • (Ships And Water Collision Regulations • (Ships And Water Collision Regulations • (Ships And Water Collision Regulations All recreational craft must comply with the International regulations for preventing collisions at sea. 1.2.1 Collision Regulations Legislation Applicable 1.2 TO APPLICABLE LEGISLATION Personal Watercraft (PWC) Watercraft Personal kind being towed by the craft. kind being towed by the deck of a decked craft. deck of a decked without a cabin or below deck facilities without a cabin or below where any for persons on board and exposed seating is exposed or partially to the elements. steps to required to take all reasonable a ensure that a person wears PFD/lifejacket while: (a) Being towed by the craft, or (b)board a vessel or object of any On diving equipment or completed swimming (including snorkelling) from the craft and or at anchor. required to take all reasonable steps to take all reasonable steps required to of all persons under the age ensure that wear a PFD/ lifejacket sixteen must on an open craft or while while on board the wear a PFD/ lifejacket at all times while on board or being towed in any manner by a PWC. required to take all reasonable steps to ensure that a person under 16 years of age complies with the requirement to wear a PFD/lifejacket while on board or being towed by a PWC. • refers to a craft The term “open craft” •of a craft is The master or owner The wearing of PFD/lifejacket requirements do not apply to a under these Regulations when the craft, which is not underway, person: (a) Is wearing, putting on or taking off scuba (b) Is about to engage in, or has just (c) when the craft is made fast to the shore •is or owner of a craft The master 1.2.4.2 on Lifejacket Regulations • Every person on a PWC is required to • The master or owner of a PWC is
Recreational Craft other than Craft Recreational personal watercraft (PWC) oil from ships - Annex 1 - Annex oil from ships of MARPOL
than 7m in length must wear a personal floatation device (PFD) or a lifejacket while on board an open craft or while on the deck of a decked craft, other than when the craft is made fast to the shore. required to ensure that either a PFD or a lifejacket is carried on the craft for each person on board. Devices and Operation) (Safety) 2005. Regulations 1.2.4.1 on Lifejacket Regulations The following provisions apply to all recreational craft: • All persons on board any craft of less • The master or owner of any craft is 1.2.4 of lifejackets Wearing Legislative Requirements • Flotation Pleasure Craft (Personal not apply to “Olympic do These Regulations style” rowing boats. Recreational craft are required to be craft Recreational far as practicable and equipped as the with installations to ensure reasonable on board. storage of oil or oily mixtures sea is prohibited Their discharge into the en route and unless the craft is proceeding without the oil content of the effluent 15 parts per dilution does not exceed million. 1.2.3.2 of pollution by Prevention 14 01 LEGISLATION 15
01 LEGISLATION 150 € another person to operate or control the to operate or control another person the influence of alcohol craft while under or drugs. in alcohol or drugs must not consume affect the safety circumstances that could of other persons. is being towed by vessel or object which consume a pleasure craft shall not alcohol or drugs. Regulations 1999 – S.I. No. 112 Regulations of 1999 • a pleasure craft Any person on board • on board a Any person being towed or • EC (Marine Equipment) (Amendment) • EC (Marine Equipment) (Amendment) The Directive has been given effect in Irish law through the European Communities 1998 – S.I. (Marine Equipment) Regulations, have No 545 of 1998. These Regulations been amended four times to give effect to EU Directives amending Directive 96/98. These amending statutory instruments are as follows: may result in an on the spot fine of may result in an on the Authorised Officers include members of the Garda Síochana, Naval Service, Harbour Masters and members of both the Maritime Safety Directorate and the Irish Coast Guard who are nominated by the Minister. 1.2.7 Marine Equipment Directive EU Directive 96/98 sets the performance and testing standards for marine safety equipment. Equipment complying with the Marine Equipment Directive is marked with a distinctive ships wheel mark. Violation of any of the provisions of the Violation of any of the provisions Flotation Devices Pleasure Craft (Personal 2005 Regulations and Operation) (Safety) issued by an Authorised Officer or issued by an Authorised Court. prosecution in the District waterskiing, wake boarding, waterskiing, and other towed paragliding rides Minimum age levels power craft is required to take all reasonable steps to ensure that persons under the age of 16 do not operate or control the craft. The term “fast power craft” means a craft that can attain a speed of 17 knots or more. must not operate or control or allow engine rating of more than 5 hp (3.7 kW) is required to take all reasonable steps to ensure that a person under 12 years of age does not operate or control the craft. pleasure craft or on board any vessel or pleasure craft or on board towed by a craft object of any kind being device or must wear a personal flotation for lifejacket. The responsibility lies compliance with this requirement of the towing with the master or owner craft. not consume alcohol or drugs. • The master or owner of a pleasure craft 1.2.6 Controls on Alcohol and Drugs • The master or owner of a craft with an • The master or owner of a PWC or fast 1.2.5 Craft - Operation of Recreational More information on PFD/lifejackets is set out in appendix 5. Pleasure Craft (Personal Flotation Devices Flotation (Personal Pleasure Craft 2005. (Safety) Regulations and Operation) as follows to water S.I. 921 of 2005 applies paragliding & other skiing, wake boarding, towed rides. • towed by a All persons while being • partaking in towed rides must Persons 1.2.4.3 for Lifejacket Regulations 01
Regulations 2002 – S.I. No 36 of 2002 with essential safety requirements, that LEGISLATION • EC (Marine Equipment) (Amendment) require the boat has adequate stability, Regulations 2003 – S.I. No 38 of 2003 freeboard and buoyancy based on one of • EC (Marine Equipment) (Amendment) four Design Categories. (No 2) Regulations 2003 – S.I. No 641 of 2003 The Directive does not include detailed technical instructions, but relies on existing When purchasing marine equipment other accepted standards such as ISO. The Design than PFDs ensure it always carries the Categories, which are set out in the approval wheel mark shown below Directive, are based primarily on wind and required by legislation. sea conditions likely to be experienced and circumstances under which such a craft may be used.
The categories are as follows:
Marine Equipment Directive approval Wheelmark Category A - Ocean Extended voyages with wind force in excess In the case of PFDs of Beaufort force 8, and significant wave ensure it always carries height of 4 metres or above, but excluding the approval CE mark abnormal conditions and vessels largely self- shown opposite. sufficient.
1.2.8 Recreational Craft Directive Category B – Offshore Offshore voyages in possible wind force of All recreational craft of 2.5m and greater Beaufort force 8 and significant wave and not more than 24m in length, heights of up to 4 metres. constructed after the 15th June 1998 and sold within the European Union must Category C – Inshore comply with the requirements of the Voyages on coastal waters, large lakes, bays, Recreational Craft Directive 94/25EC, estuaries, or rivers, where wind force of up as amended. to force 6 on the Beaufort scale and significant wave heights of up to 2 metres The Directive, as amended has been may be experienced. transposed into Irish law through the following statutory instruments: Category D – Sheltered waters • European Communities (Recreational Designed for voyages on sheltered coastal Craft) Regulations 1998 - S.I. No 40 of waters, small bays, small lakes, rivers and 1998 canals, where wind force 4 and significant • European Communities (Recreational wave height of 0.3 metres, with occasional Craft) (Amendment) Regulations 2004 – waves of 0.5 metres maximum height for S.I. No 422 of 2004 example from passing vessels, may be experienced. All craft covered by the Directive must be CE marked to demonstrate compliance All such craft will have the Design Class and
16 17
01 LEGISLATION Harbour Masters Shipping (Investigation of Marine Casualties) Shipping (Investigation Act 2000. is the of the Act, it Under the provisions and of all owners, operators, responsibility or a advise the Chief Surveyor, Skippers to Marine Survey Marine Surveyor of the for contact details) Office (see appendix 8 as a marine of any incident which qualifies after it occurs. casualty as soon as practical that an incident Where it is considered will be warrants it, an investigation Investigator instigated, and an Accident appointed. 1.2.11 Radiocommunications If radiocommunication transmitting equipment is voluntarily fitted or carried on any type of recreational craft it must be licensed in accordance with the Wireless Act 1926. The licence to Telegraphy transmit is issued by the Commission for Communications Regulation. 1.2.10 of Harbours Acts - Powers 1996 and Fisheries Harbours Acts of 1946, Centre Harbours Act 1980. Under these Acts, Harbour Masters have the power to create bye-laws within the limits of their port areas. While the majority of shipping within such ports is of a commercial nature, recreational craft are required to comply with any relevant bye- laws, in particular those in relation to: • Safety of navigation • limits Speed • Operating within channels • Buoyage • and berthing Mooring Details of bye-laws are available from the Harbour Masters Office. Board (MCIB) they are not subsequently placed on the they are not subsequently of five years. market during a period hydrofoils. including rowing racing boats and including rowing by boats labelled as such training rowing the manufacturer. pedalos. The Directive does however contain a does however contain The Directive The Marine Casualty Investigation Board (MCIB) was established on the 5th June 2002 under Section 7(1) of the Merchant CE Plate for Category “C” boat 1.2.9 Investigation Marine Casualty See Appendix 10 for advice on buying a recreational craft. • vehicles, and Submersibles, air cushion is broadened by The scope of the Directive the introduction of EU Directive 2003/44, which amends Directive 94/25EC, to include harmonised provisions for engine noise and exhaust gas emissions, while also including personal watercraft from January 2005. • that Craft built for own use, provided builders maximum recommended load recommended maximum builders its Builder’smarked on Plate. as follows: number of exemptions, • solely for racing, Craft intended • and Canoes and kayaks, gondolas • Sailing surfboards. instructions for navigational aids carried by the ship Craft RECREATIONAL CRAFT RECREATIONAL 15 NRT THAN GREATER to sea. from any distance of 5 nautical miles of the coastline, one copy of each be carried on following publications must board: of Signals (1) International Code Saving Signals (2) Illustrated table of Life (3) Marine Notices (4) Mariners Handbook (5) Notices to Mariners (6) Nautical Almanac (7) Navigational Tables Signals (8) Lists of Radio (9) Lists of Lights (10) Sailing Directions (11) Tide Tables (12) Tidal Stream Atlases (13) Operating and Maintenance These regulations require that all These regulations in craft greater than 12 metres recreational carry: length must proceed charts for vessels that 1. Corrected to sea beyond a 2. For craft that proceed 1.4.1 of Recreational Registration Mercantile Marine Act – 1955, as amended. act to provide for the national character, “An ownership and registry of Irish ships, for the mortgage, sale, transfer and measurement of tonnage of such ships,” imparts nationality on a vessel, Registration and brings it within the legal jurisdiction of the flag it flies. Thus Irish law binds an Irish Flagged vessel, even though it may be 1.4 APPLICABLE TO LEGISLATION Further
RECREATIONAL CRAFT RECREATIONAL 12 METRES IN THAN GREATER LENGTH
Publications) Regulations 1985, Publications) Regulations in accordance with either the Marine in accordance Radio Directive (MED) or the Equipment Terminal & Telecommunications Directive (R&TTE), and, Equipment appropriate equipment must hold an Operator’sRadio qualification. S.I. No. 282 of 1985
1.3.1 Nautical Publications 1.3.1 Nautical Applicable Legislation: • of Nautical Merchant Shipping (Carriage 1.3 APPLICABLE TO LEGISLATION 1.2.11.1 EPIRBs and PLBs EPIRBs and PLBs must be registered with Affairs Unit of the the Maritime Radio Maritime Safety Directorate. The basic requirements of the Ship Station of the requirements The basic as follows: License are Radio must be type approved (a) The equipment (b) the radio The personnel operating will contain the Radio The licence document a Maritime Mobile Call Sign for the craft and number if Service Identity (MMSI) will be issued if appropriate. The MMSI Calling (DSC) there is Digital Selective equipment on board. on board a If an EPIRB or PLB is fitted recreational craft it must be a type approved model and it must be programmed with the country code for Call Sign, Ireland and the Radio Sign” Call i.e. “250 + Radio information on radiocommunications and EPIRB registration information can be found in Appendix 2. 18 01 LEGISLATION 19
01 LEGISLATION vessels. The life saving appliances RECREATIONAL CRAFT RECREATIONAL METRES THAN 13.7 GREATER IN LENGTH Appliances) Rules 1983 (S.I. 302 of1983). 1983 Appliances) Rules These apply to craft constructed before 1986 (S.I. 380 of 1993 Appliances) Rules 1993). These apply to craft constructed after 1986 (AMENDMENT) 1983 Appliances) Rules RULES 1993 (S.I. 381 of 1993) (AMENDMENT) 1983 Appliances) Rules 1993 (S.I. 382 of 1993) 2) RULES (NO. including survey and measurement are and measurement including survey the Maritime Safety available from Directorate. Class XII Life saving appliances consist of items of Life saving appliances consist as lifejackets, lifesaving equipment such EPIRBs, etc. liferafts, flares, lifebuoys, for craft constructed There are different Rules before and after 1986, as follows: • Merchant Shipping (Life Saving • Merchant Shipping (Life Saving • Merchant Shipping (Life Saving • Merchant Shipping (Life Saving craft with a recreational Under these Rules, are classed as length of 13.7m or greater, 1.5 APPLICABLE TO LEGISLATION 1.5.1 Equipment Lifesaving and Safety Appliances Merchant Shipping Life Saving Rules. requirements applicable to Class XII vessels depending on the differ under these Rules length and area of operation of the vessel. must . greater owned by Irish citizens, 15 NRT within the EU Government than be registered in accordance with the terms of the Mercantile Marine Act 1955 Under the Act, recreational craft The Act does not discriminate between The Act does not discriminate craft – all are recreational and commercial propelled by oars) regarded as ships (unless for the purpose of registration. The Act also defines those persons that may register a boat under the Irish flag as follows: • Irish or EU member state citizens • or EU Bodies Corporate, based Irish • Government or Ministers of the The A major advantage of registration is the A major advantage of registration the vessel, i.e. who establishment of Title to essential if planning actually owns it. This is There are also to take the boat overseas. lending financial aspects to registration, marine mortgages institutions will only offer mortgages on all on registered craft, and such craft are recorded. travelling worldwide. A vessels registration A vessels worldwide. travelling a very its bone fides in papers establishes does as a national passport similar manner establish may Registration for an individual. an in the event of criminal jurisdiction waters. accident in international incident or Details on registering of Recreational Craft Details on registering of Recreational offered under the Act. registered, in order to avail of benefits to do so, these boats are entitled also to be registered. However, should an owner wish registered. However, requirement for craft less than 15 NRT to be Directorate can advise. There is no qualify for registration, the Maritime Safety require advice on the likelihood his craft may to such a tonnage figure. Should an owner metres (40 ft) in length would likely equate As a general guide, boats greater than 12 , during do not Recreational Craft (2)* Recreational than three miles than three miles in the course of April to October sea proceed to sea more never more Restricted operationsRestricted Seagoing (post 1986) 13.7-21.5 metres length13.7-21.5 metres 13.7-21.5 metres length proceed to sea Recreational Craft (1)* Recreational which it is from the coast of November to March inclusive. from the coast. the months of inclusive, on voyages during which, it is • A voyage to • Engaged in voyages which Different life saving appliances, apply to the two categories, as follows: (2)* Craft that are engaged on either: (1)* Craft that are either: Or • Which only Or • the months A voyage to sea during Craft in this category are unlikely to proceed to sea, and will always operate in smooth or partially smooth waters. If they do proceed to and sea it is during the period April to October, they must remain within three miles of the coastline. The second category are: are defined in Class XII boats – Mandatory Lifesaving Equipment Mandatory boats – Class XII
Constructed after 1986 and greater than 13.7 metres (45ft) but less than 21.50 metres (70ft) in length
Training Manual for onboard Safety Equipment Training Maintenance Instructions for Safety Equipment Pyrotechnics star rockets Six parachute flares or red Container for Flares Waterproof Signal Table Rescue for all persons on board Liferaft of sufficient capacity for Liferaft on display Launching Instructions/Posters Lifebuoy per each 2 persons carried on board. (Min of 2) each 2 persons carried on Lifebuoy per and light signal fitted with self activating smoke One Lifebuoy (18m)X fitted with Buoyant line One Lifebuoy Smoke / Light signal 2 Lifebuoys, one fitted with Lifejacket on board Lifejacket for each person on board with light fitted Lifejacket for each person Lifesaving Equipment Lifebuoys Craft in this size range comprise two categories based on area of operation and time of the year. These craft are covered by the Merchant Shipping (Life Saving Appliances) Rules 1993 – S.I. 380 of 1993 Coastal areas are defined into areas of smooth waters”, “Partially “Smooth waters”, Sea”. The specific areas and “To a Marine Notice issued by the MSD, and are subject to periodic review (see appendix 8 for contact details). 1.5.1.1 Craft Class XII Recreational 20 01 LEGISLATION 21
01 LEGISLATION greater Craft than 25.90 metres Recreational Craft Recreational Recreational 21.5-25.9 metres length Restricted operations Restricted Regulations 2005, S.I. No 921 of 2005. 2005, S.I. No Regulations it is strongly recommended However, that such vessels carry at least a minimum standard of life saving equipment and guidance on this is given in part B of this Code. 1.5.1.3 Craft Class XII Recreational before 1986 constructed broadly requirements are Safety Equipment 1.5.1.1 & outlined in Sections similar to those from details can be obtained 1.5.1.2. Specific by reading Safety Directorate or the Maritime Saving the Merchant Shipping (Life 1983 – S.I. 302 of 1983. Appliances) Rules Class XII boats – Mandatory Lifesaving Equipment Class XII boats – Mandatory constructed after 1986 and after constructed 21.5 metres (70 ft) in greater than length ecreational Craft less than 13.7
Maintenance Instructions for Safety Equipment Line throwing Appliance Boat and launching davit Rescue Liferaft of sufficient capacity for all persons on board Liferaft of sufficient capacity for all persons on display for Liferaft on Launching Instructions/Posters Safety Equipment Manual for onboard Training Six parachute flares or red star rockets Container for Flares Waterproof Signal Table Rescue Life Jacket Lifejacket for each person on board Lifejacket for each person on board with light fitted Pyrotechnics One Lifebuoy fitted with self activating smoke and light signal One Lifebuoy fitted with self activating smoke and light One Lifebuoy fitted with Buoyant line (18 metres) 2 Lifebuoys, one fitted with Smoke / Light signal Lifebuoys of 2) Lifebuoy per each 2 persons carried on board. (Min There are no statutory lifesaving appliance requirements for recreational craft less than 13.70 metres (45ft), apart from the Pleasure Craft (Personal Flotation Devices and Operation) (Safety) 1.5.1.4 R metres in length Craft greater than or equal to 21.5 metres Craft greater than or equal operation must and regardless of sea area set out in the carry the lifesaving equipment following table: These craft are covered by the Merchant These craft Rules Saving Appliances) Shipping (Life 1983 – S.I. 380 of 1983 1.5.1.2 Craft Recreational Class XII Lifesaving Equipment 01
1.5.2 Fire Fighting Equipment • Merchant Shipping (Fire LEGISLATION Appliances)(Post 1980 Merchant Shipping Fire Appliances Rules Ships)(Amendment) Rules1985 - S.I. No. 278 of 1985 apply to boats Fire Appliances refer to items of fire fighting built after 1984 equipment such as fire extinguishers, fire blankets, fire hoses and pumps etc. 1.5.2.1 Recreational craft greater than 13.7 metres(45ft) in length While there are three sets of rules, which may apply to a recreational craft depending See table below. on its date of construction, they are identical in their requirements. 1.5.2.2 Recreational craft less than 13.7 metres (45ft) in length Relevant Legislation: • Merchant Shipping (Fire Appliances) There are no statutory fire appliance Rules 1967 requirements for recreational craft less than - S.I. No. 101 of 1967 apply to craft 13.7 metres (45ft) in length. However, it is built before 1980 strongly recommended that such vessels • Merchant Shipping (Fire Appliances) carry at least a minimum standard of fire (Post 1980 Ships) Rules 1983 appliances and guidance on this is given in - S.I. No. 303 of 1983 apply to craft part B of this Code. built between 1980 – 1984
Mandatory Fire Fighting Equipment Boats Boats Boats Equipment Item 13.7-15 metres 15-21.34 metres greater (45-50ft) in length (50-70ft) less than 150t. 21.34m(70ft) Fire Extinguishers 2 Fire Extinguishers or Fire Buckets (one with lanyard) 3 Fire Extinguishers or Fire Buckets (one with lanyard) 2 Fire Extinguishers suitable for use on oil fires, for boats with Internal Combustion Engines fitted Fire Pumps / Hoses Manual Fire Pump (Hand Operated) Dedicated Fire Pump sea suction Fire Hose Fire Hose Nozzle (min diam 6mm) with jet and water spray Power Driven Fire Pump * Fire Main and Hydrant 2 Fire Hoses Fire Hose Spray nozzle for machinery spaces Fireman’s Axe * Power Driven Fire Pumps may be driven from the main engine, however, if this option is used, then a second manual fire pump external to the machinery spaces must also be supplied. This additional manual pump must be able to supply a 6 metre jet of water through a 10mm nozzle. 22 23
01 LEGISLATION Red . Starboard on the stream, shall Northwards Black with hand, and Port in any part of the navigation less than 13m in any part of the navigation in width. • sail primarily by oars or Boat propelled • than15hp by engine greater Not propelled to were amended in 1994 The bye-laws into discharge of sewage directly prevent the vessel. the navigation from any be given precedence for passage through a bridge, by those craft navigating against the stream of the river. of the fairway passing port to port. way to those going downstream. down in the Bye-laws. direction of Buoyage is on the hand when proceeding upstream. Navigation marks are not lit on the Shannon. east of On the Shannon Erne Waterway the marking system changes to a Lough Scur, system of red marks with white flashes where the white flash indicates the safe side. The Corrib system uses a red and black lateral bouyage system which is the reverse going of the Shannon one. i.e. Black to Port upstream. 1.6.2 on Shannon Navigation Bye-laws (S.I 80 of The Shannon Navigation to be followed by 1992) identify the rules waterways. craft navigating the Shannon to the COLREGS, While similar in content specific there are a number of additional rules that apply. • shall not run abreast or overtake Vessels • navigating Vessels • Boats should keep to the starboard side • A craft proceeding upstream must give • Speed limits are to be adhered to as laid • On entering the Shannon Navigation, the Buoys, Beacons and Perches are painted Buoys, Beacons and Perches is defined as any craft that is not: Associated Bye-laws Associated ” CANAL SYSTEMS CANAL Vessels) Bye-laws 1992 – S.I. No 79 of Vessels) 1992 No 80 of 1992 vessel “ • An open boat or undecked punt • Canoe • boat Row A All vessels operating on the waterways must be registered. S.I. No 79 of 1992, specifically refers to vessel construction requirements, safety equipment required to be carried, engine installations, LPG and cooker installations. S.I. No 80 of 1992, defines authorised officers and their powers, speed limits, maximum drafts, rules of navigation, crewing levels, use of facilities and groundings. The above legislation applies to any recreational craft based on the Shannon including lakes and tributaries. waterway, Relevant legislation for the Shannon system: Relevant • Shannon Navigation Act 1990 • Shannon Navigation (Construction of • Shannon Navigation Bye-laws 1992 – S.I. In the Republic of Ireland, Waterways Ireland of Ireland, Waterways In the Republic Shannon has responsibility for the the Royal Navigation, the Grand Canal, and the Canal, the Barrow Navigation The Corrib is Shannon Erne Waterway. Navigation Trustees. managed by the Corrib the of other waterways come under Parts Harbour jurisdiction of the relevant (e.g. the Slaney) Authority and still others per se but may have no navigation authority bye-laws. be subject to local authority 1.6.1 Act and Shannon Navigation 1.6 AND INLAND WATERWAYS 2,000 on summary € Boats, Fishing Vessels and Boats, Fishing Vessels Pleasure Craft Enactments foreshore and to foreshore and Aquaculture licenses Operation of Vessels Operation of Vessels disqualification of serious offenders from of serious offenders disqualification craft in question in the operating the safety and heritage interest of public protection. conviction for offences under conviction for the bye-laws. number of related Acts and the provision for fixed penalty notices (“on-the-spot- fines”). Regulation-making provisions dating from provisions Regulation-making 1992 and amended in 2000, in relation to passenger boats, fishing vessels and pleasure craft. seaworthy” vessels in or on any waters. operation of vessels to ensure proper operation of of Practice vessels. Part 5 Part of Certain Amendment The main provision of this section is: • the updating of penalty provisions in a 6Part relating to the Provisions Part 4Part – Passenger Safety Regulations The main provision of this section is: • updating and restating Ministerial • fines of up to 3Part for the Safe of Practice Codes this section is: The main provisions of • the prohibition of the use of “un- • careless or dangerous navigation or • the preparing and promulgating of Codes
Recreational Craft Recreational
Waterways Ireland, harbour companies, Waterways harbour authorities, Iarnród Éireann and, in respect of the six fishery harbour centres, the Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food to make bye-laws to regulate and control the use of jet-skis and other fast powered recreational craft. Ireland, harbour companies, Waterways harbour authorities, Iarnród Éireann and, in respect of the six fishery harbour centres, the Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, or authorised persons to enforce the provisions of the Act. The Gardaí Síochana also play a key role in enforcement. craft involved in serious offences and the The main provisions of this section are: • clear powers for local authorities, • the appointment by local authorities, • the seizure, detention and forfeiture of Part 2 Part and Watercraft Personal 1.7 2005 SAFETY ACT MARITIME of this Act is to One of the primary purposes improper use of strengthen the law against to outlaw reckless certain recreational craft, on board vessels behavior in operating or good practice in generally and to promote update safety to operating vessels generally, for passenger regulation-making provisions pleasure craft and boats, fishing vessels and provisions of to update penalty and other certain related Acts. the Act which affect The main provisions of recreational craft are as follows: 1.6.3 Navigation Canal System passed controlled by Bye-laws Navigation is Act 1986. under the Canals 24 01 LEGISLATION PART B
RECOMMENDED GUIDELINES FOR THE SAFE OPERATION OF RECREATIONAL CRAFT
This part of the Code provides guidance for the safe operation of recreational craft. It offers best safe operating practice for a variety of types of recreational craft, with further information contained in a series of Appendices.
The provisions of Part B are recommendatory and are not statutory requirements.
NOTE: For the purpose of the following chapters, sailing craft are considered to be craft primarily propelled by harnessing the power of the wind, covering all forms of day boats, inshore and offshore cruisers, regardless of size and incorporating competitive and non competitive boats.
Sailing Dinghies are covered under a separate chapter, in consideration of their specific use, design and construction.
Motorboats comprise a significant section of the recreational craft market. For the purpose of this code, they are considered as vessels primarily propelled by any means of an internal combustion engine, regardless of the vessel size, including petrol, diesel, inboard or outboard, but excluding personal watercraft which are covered in Chapter 5.
Sailboats while under power are classed as motorboats, as are lake boats fitted with outboard engines.
SAILING DINGHIES
obtained directly from course providers obtained directly 9 for details of course (see appendix providers).
2.1 TRAINING that dinghy sailors It is recommended number training. A undertake appropriate courses and approved of training schemes be and information may are available 28 02 SAILING DINGHIES 29
02 SAILING DINGHIES buoyancy, check all buoyancy tanks and check buoyancy, departure. plugs prior to of departure and return ashore is aware in place to times and have a procedure raise the alarm if necessary. generally Membership of a club will to providing offer this facility in addition engaged in safety boats for members club activities. to departure. 3). capabilities in handling a boat under various weather conditions. 7. the dinghy has sufficient Ensure that 8. that a designated person Always ensure 9. and sea conditions prior Check weather 10. main shipping lanes (see appendix Avoid safety. 11. Sail in company for personal 12. Be aware of your own when sailing in a dinghy. Buoyancy when sailing in a dinghy. or dry suit is not provided by a wet suit of this Code for A sufficient (see Part statutory requirements). is potential to suits, particularly if there capsize. effective means of bailing. board the craft. with capsize recovery techniques, and towing techniques. 1. PFD/lifejacket Always wear a suitable 2. wet suits or dry suitable clothes, Wear 3. be provided with an Dinghies should 4. be carried on board. A paddle should 5. should be carried on A towing painter 6. The crew in a dinghy should be familiar It is recommended that persons engaged in that persons engaged It is recommended following should adhere to the dinghy sailing practices. 2.2 SAFETY 2.2
2.3 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION NATIONAL 2.3 the Association (ISA) is The Irish Sailing in Ireland body for sailing national governing 8 for contact details). (see appendix 30 02 SAILING DINGHIES SAILBOAT AND MOTORBOAT - COASTAL OPERATION safety equipment, such as PFD/ safety equipment, such gear, lifejackets, foul weather lifebuoys and fire fighting appliances. the locations of such equipment manner and posted in a prominent is a useful aid. also be introduced. CHECKS AND BRIEFING CHECKS forecast for the area. forecast for fuel reserves. coolant and ensure that all voyage the skipper should on the persons on board are briefed following emergency procedures: o The stowage and use of personal launching from the water (see chapter 11) o A simple plan of the boat showing o aider should The nominated first 3.3 SAFETY PRE-DEPARTURE • the current weather Be aware of • levels, should include oil Engine checks • of any Before the commencement In addition to the above, the skipper should provide a more intensive briefing to at least one other person who will be going on the voyage or trip regarding the following: • of liferafts and the method of Location • for the recovery of a person Procedures pilotage information as required 3.2 VOYAGE PLANNING 3.2 VOYAGE their purpose, All voyages regardless of some element duration, or distance, require a requirement of voyage planning. It is under SOLAS V (see Marine Notice No. 9 craft that go to of 2003), that all recreational items: sea must consider the following • (see appendix 6) forecasts Weather • Tidal information • Capability of boat and crew on board • Planned route utilising charts and (see appendix 9 for details of course (see appendix 9 for details providers). 3.1 TRAINING 3.1 that persons It is recommended in sailboat and motorboat participating A appropriate training. activities undertake schemes and approved number of training can be available and information courses are course providers obtained directly from
SAILBOAT AND MOTORBOAT - COASTAL OPERATION 32 03 03
• Location and use of fire-fighting The four categories in this chapter, each SAILBOAT AND MOTORBOAT - equipment covering a specific area of operation, are • Procedures and operation of based on wind strength, and significant wave communications heights. However, it should be noted that • Equipment actual wave heights and wind strengths • Location of navigation and other light encountered by such design classes might at switches times be greater. • Method of starting, stopping, and controlling the main engine Boat owners should be aware of the • Method of navigating to a suitable place category that applies to their vessel, based of safety on its intended usage and area of operation, and ensure it is equipped with the required Safety cards are considered an acceptable safety equipment. The following table way of providing the above information. recommends the type and quantity of equipment that craft should carry in their 3.4 RECOMMENDED SAFETY respective operating areas. EQUIPMENT 3.4.1 Category A - Ocean On sailboats and motorboats less than 13.7 metres, the safety equipment carried should Boats in this category would generally be reflect the boat’s function and area of expected to be greater than 10 metres in operation. length and: • Undertake ocean passages. For the purpose of this Code sailboats and • Are capable of sustaining, seas greater motorboats are classed in six categories, than 4 metres, and wind force greater four of which refer to coastal waters and are than Beaufort 8. covered in this chapter and the remaining two categories in Chapter 4. COASTAL OPERATION
33 03 SAILBOAT AND MOTORBOAT -
3.4.2 Category B – Offshore and under all tidal conditions. • Are capable of operating in seas up to 2 Boats in this category would generally be metres, and wind force up to Beaufort 6. expected to be in excess of 7m in length and: 3.4.4 Category D – Sheltered waters • Cruise around the coasts of Ireland, U.K. and NW Europe. Boats in this category would generally be • Undertake offshore passages of between expected to: 50 – 500 miles. • Operate on tidal estuaries, or inshore • Are capable of sustaining seas up to coastal waters adjacent to a safe harbour. 4 metres, and wind force up to • Are only used during the hours of Beaufort 8. daylight, unless equipped with necessary lights to comply with Collision 3.4.3 Category C – Inshore Regulations (see appendix 1), or local navigation bye-laws.
COASTAL OPERATION Boats in this category would generally be • Are capable of operating in seas of up to expected to be in excess of 5m in 0.3 metres with occasional waves of 0.5 length and: metres maximum height 0.5 metres, and • Operate within 10 miles of land, and windforce up to Beaufort 4. always about four hours from a safe harbour that can be accessed at all times
34 SAILBOAT AND MOTORBOAT - COASTAL OPERATION 35 03 ABCD encouraged to equip boats to a higher boats to to equip encouraged standard. Sail boat and motorboat – Sail boat and Offshore/ Coastal • - Ocean Craft Category “A” • Craft - Offshore Category “B” • Category “C” Inshore Craft - • Craft – Sheltered Coastal Category “D” CHECKLIST forecasts, and national/local weather forecasts. communication system. additional requirements for Sea Area A1, A2) MRAU). with DSC facility (Operators licence required from of one horseshoe lifebelt. to one lifebelt. extending from the aft of the cockpit to the foredeck for extending from the aft of the cockpit to the foredeck use with crew lifelines. in northern latitudes. of at least 150 Newtons (CE EN 396) (see appendix 5).of at least 150 Newtons (CE work on deck at any time. (100N) 3.3 EPIRB – type 406 - registered in the name of the vessel. 3.4 unit – SART. Transponder Radio 3.5 hand held radio. Waterproof 3.6 A radio receiver AM/FM, capable of receiving shipping 3.1 radio transmitter, A suitable fixed Marine Band VHF 3 (see appendix 2 for and Communications Radios 22.1 date - see chapter 11) expiry Flares (all to be within flares. Hand held distress 2.2 Hand held white flares.2.3 rocket red flares. Parachute 2.4 smoke signal canisters. Orange A B C D (6) (12) (2) (4) (4) (4) (2) (4) (4) (4) (2) (2) (2) 1.8bag. A buoyant heaving line/throw 1.9 Danbuoy with flag fitted Horseshoe type lifebelt with light. 1.6 capacity to cater for all crew carried.* Life raft of sufficient 1.7 abandoning ship. Emergency Liferaft Grab Bag for * 1.3 Appropriate clothing. 1.4 suit per crewmember if operating An immersion 11.1safety equipment Lifesaving and personal PFD/Lifejacket for each person on board, A suitable A B C D 3.2 global satellite Marine Band MF/ HF/SSB and/or 1.11 Boarding Ladder 1.10– can be fitted in lieu Buoyancy sling with floating line 1.5 port & starboard and Jack Lines capable of being rigged 1.2to harness/lifelines for all crew that may have Crew safety *Category C craft engaged on overnight coastal passages. The following tables set out the The following type and quantity of recommended for their that craft should carry equipment craft. These levels of category of should be recommended equipment Owners are regarded as the minimum. 3.5 SAFETY EQUIPMENT SAFETY 3.5 1 (2) (2) tide tables for areas of cruising. post on the foredeck, and means of closing over the bow and operating area ground holding conditions. roller or fairlead used when anchoring. An adequate supply of warps and fenders, these should include suitable warps to allow the craft be towed if necessary. with a rope lanyard.* hull underwater fittings. watertight compartment and with all hatches closed. should be carried. for a manual model. dividers or plotting instrument. be installed as outlined in Marine Notice No. 1 of 2000. outlined in Marine Notice be installed as to fight oil fires in engine spaces or fire bucket*. in engine spaces or fire to fight oil fires If carrying cooking equipment If carrying cooking 77.1 Anchors and Warps for a vessels size, Anchor with chain/warp, as appropriate A B C D 66.1 Pumping Bilge of pumping from any hull Manual bilge pump capable (2) (2) A B C D 5.11 and tables. Sextant 5.12 parallel ruler, Navigation drawing instruments, 5.13 lights. set of fixed navigation lights including anchor Full 5.14 publications and Suitable up to date charts, nautical 5.4 Speed Log. 5.5 GPS. 5.6 Reflector. Radar 5.7 aerosol type. Foghorn, powered or 5.8 Barometer. 5.9 Clock. 5.10 Binoculars. 1 55.1 Equipment Navigation Echo Sounder. 5.2 Steering Compass. 5.3 Hand Bearing Compass. A B C D 44.1 Fire Fighting marked. Fire blanket – CE 4.2 suitable extinguisher in addition to a Fire extinguishers (3) (3) (2) A B C D 7.2 Boats should have a suitably reinforced deck cleat/Samson 7.3 6.2 including spares At least one complete repair kit 6.3 can be substituted An electric or engine driven pump 6.4 suitably fitted A bucket of capacity 8 – 12 litres, 6.5adjacent to all, through Softwood tapered plugs, located 6.6 to be fitted with isolation valves. All through hull fittings 4.3 should Gas (LPG) Petroleum using Liquid All cooker/heaters *Do not deploy the bucket overboard while the boat is moving. *Do not deploy the bucket overboard while the boat *Do not deploy the bucket overboard while the boat is moving. the bucket overboard *Do not deploy
SAILBOAT AND MOTORBOAT - COASTAL OPERATION 36 03 SAILBOAT AND MOTORBOAT - COASTAL OPERATION 37 03 the National Authority and the rules of the the National Authority particular Class Association, where applicable. The ISA publish safety guidelines for racing, this covers guidelines for an event/club safety officer and also special regulations governing sailing. deep reef sails on yachts. boards and window blanks. battery or hand start. battery or hand craft being used. wheel steering as their primary means of steering. as their primary means wheel steering 8.9 Bosun's Chair. 8.10 vessels essential equipment. Instruction manuals for 8.11 inflatable tender. Rigid or 8.8 water supply. Emergency 8.5 Suitable First Aid Kit including a First Aid manual. 8.6 facility to Storm sails which can be quickly rigged, or the 8.2 for signalling. capable of also being used torch, Waterproof 8.3the type of and spare parts for An appropriate tool kit 88.1 Equipment General fitted with means, i.e. tiller for vessels Emergency steering A B C D 8.7 repair kit including sail repair kit, spare wash Emergency 8.4 starting including secondary means of engine Suitable The Irish Sailing Association (ISA) is the national authority for sailboat racing in Ireland. All vessel owners/skippers participating competitively must be members of the ISA and all such racing must comply with International Sailing Federation for Sailing, the rules of Rules (ISAF) Racing 3.6 COMPETITIVE USE – YACHTS Briefing ) recommend safety standards and ) recommend board and all divers are familiar with its contents and its location on board. dive plan before leaving (Traffic Route). dive plan before leaving (Traffic (check in and out of the water). travelling to and from dive site (S.I. No. 921 of 2005). tested and serviced. conditions and the bottom conditions for the dive site. departure. “picking up divers”, recovery of “picking up divers”, recovery and the water, equipment procedure in relevant hand signals. divers on the diver and missing pair of surface. administration to an injured diver(s). (ii) Instructor Diver Coxwain (iii)Diver Medic (iv)Diver Medic Instructor • Ensure that emergency plan is carried on- • the Irish Coast Guard with your Contact • Complete Dive Log Sheet for all divers • PFD/lifejacket when a suitable Wear • Ensure all diving equipment is regularly 3.9.3 and Checks Pre-departure Dive boat users should observe the following additional precautions: • Be aware of weather forecast, tidal • Ensure that group is briefed prior to The Comhairle Fo-Thuinn (Irish Underwater Fo-Thuinn The Comhairle Council 3.9.2 Safety be competent Dive boat operators should in the following: •experienced in Be familiar with and • for missing Be aware of procedures • Ability to initiate first aid and oxygen also training courses (see appendix 9 for courses (see appendix also training details of course providers). requirements for Sailing Dinghies. requirements for local handicap day requirements racing and cruising in & overnight yachts. Racing International Offshore Council (ORC). MOTORBOATS 3.9.1 Training Dive boat operators are recommended to undertake the following relevant training courses: (i) Diver Coxwain The Irish Sailing Association (ISA) is the national governing body for sailboat and motorboats in Ireland (see appendix 8 for contact details). 3.9 OPERATIONS DIVE BOAT 3.8 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION 3.8 NATIONAL The Motorboat Association Ireland is the National Authority for powerboat racing in Ireland and racing is organised by clubs affiliated to the association. All racing is run in accordance with the rules and procedures of the Union Internationale Motonautique (UIM), which is the world The UIM set out governing body. skipper requirements for vessel safety, qualification, scrutiny requirements and safety management during a race. 3.7 USE – COMPETITIVE The special regulations contain three parts: contain regulations The special 1Part for minimum Recommendations 2Part for minimum Recommendations 3Part safety regulations of the Special craft engaged in competitive Recreational these racing must comply with recommendations.
SAILBOAT AND MOTORBOAT - COASTAL OPERATION 38 03 SAILBOAT AND MOTORBOAT - COASTAL OPERATION 39 03 can be obtained directly from BOATS BOATS It is recommended that persons participating in power/sports boat activities undertake appropriate training. A number of training schemes and approved courses are available and information course providers (see appendix 9 for details of course providers). 3.10 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION NATIONAL 3.10 (Irish Underwater Comhairle Fo-Thuinn for diving national association Council) is the sports in Ireland (see and underwater for contact details). appendix 8 3.11 / SPORTS HIGH SPEED POWER boat is generally A high-speed power/sports of achieving speeds regarded as one capable are a variety of in excess of 17 knots. There power/sports craft designed as high speed profile hulls, Vee boats, including rigid GRP hulls etc. The high RIBs, Cathedral type dory by these craft speed that can be attained on the skills and place specific demands These craft capabilities of their operators. allow a much shorter reaction time to an incident than conventional motor craft. in command of a power/sports boat. Persons under 16 years of age are not allowed to be Persons Operation of RIBs as Dive boats Operation of RIBs as to indicate to other boat users that there other boat users that to indicate to the water. are divers in should wear a PFD/lifejacket in addition to their wet suits. number of persons and gear carried – do not overload. correct pressure. secured. under way. or approaches to harbours. have a diver down, keep clear”.have a diver down, keep equipment prior to departure. Dedicated equipment to racks should be fitted bottle stowage dive boats. 3.9.4 • When underway in a RIB, occupants • Ensure the boat is suitable for the • all buoyancy tubes are at the Ensure • All bottles and equipment to be correctly • Coxswain to wear engine kill cord when • obstruct channels Dive boats should not • “I signals Flag “A”. International Code of • must be displayed Correct flag and signals • and diving bottles secure all Firmly 03
3.11.1 Pre-departure Checks: 3.12 WATERSKIING, WAKEBOARDS SAILBOAT AND MOTORBOAT - AND TOWED RIDES • All persons on board any boat under 7 metres must wear a PFD/lifejacket – IT’S Persons involved in towed activities such as THE LAW. water skiing, wake boarding, and the towing • Check engine oil levels etc. of inflatable doughnuts etc. should be aware • Ensure all on board wear suitable of the following: clothing. Be aware of the effects of wind • A suitable PFD/ lifejacket must be worn. chill at speed. • There should always be an observer in • Carry sunscreen protection - factor 15+. addition to the boat driver aboard the • If using an inflatable boat or RIB, ensure towing craft. all tubes are correctly inflated. • Towing rides should only be undertaken • Engine kill cord – Always in areas either specifically designated, or wear one, and test it prior to in areas clear of other shipping and water departing the berth. users. • Competency and Skills - • Ensure your Insurance Company is aware Ensure you have received of these activities. adequate training in the operation and handling When water-skiing both observer and skier characteristics of boat type should be aware of the correct procedures you are using. and signals required. It is recommended that individuals undertake suitable training and 3.11.2 On the Water coaching.
• Maintain a good all round lookout. 3.13 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION Particularly when in main shipping channels. The Irish Sailing Association (ISA) is the • Observe designated speed limits, National Governing Body for sailboat and
COASTAL OPERATION particularly on passage through motorboats in Ireland (see appendix 8 for anchorages, marina approaches and areas contact details). used by swimmers. • Be aware of the wash generated by your The Irish Waterski Federation is the national boat, in particular when close to, or body for waterskiiing in Ireland (see passing other boats. appendix 8 for contact details). • Know your limits. • Know the boat’s limits. • Check fuel reserves regularly. • Do not overload the craft – these craft are designed for a maximum number, if the boat is CE marked, this number will be indicated on the CE plate on the transom. • Secure all boat equipment correctly. • Ensure all occupants are secure and use the supplied seating and handgrips
40 SAILBOAT AND MOTORBOAT - INLAND WATERWAYS VESSEL CATEGORIES CATEGORIES VESSEL exposed lakes in extreme weather exposed lakes in extreme conditions. for overnight habitation. occupants, generally less than 7 metres in length. sections of lakes. Craft that: • Are capable of operating on the larger • Have accommodation, and can be used • Are capable of extended voyages. 4.2.2 Category F Craft that: • Are open boats without shelter for • Operate locally on rivers and sheltered 4.2 SAFETY EQUIPMENT MINIMUM should be aware of the Boat owners based applies to their vessel, category that usage and area of operation, on its intended it is equipped with the required and ensure type and quantity of safety equipment. The carry in their equipment that craft should are respective operating areas recommended below: 4.2.1 Category E 4.1 TRAINING persons participating It is recommended that activities in sail and motorboat craft training. A number of undertake appropriate training schemes and approved courses are available and information can be obtained directly from course providers. For the purpose of this Code sailboats and motorboats are classed in six categories, four of which refer to coastal water and are covered in chapter 3 and the remaining two categories are covered in this chapter. Inland waterways comprise the navigable comprise the waterways Inland larger rivers, canal network sections of the on inland waterways and lakes. Conditions not as severe as those are generally in coastal regions. However, experienced of hazards their own unique set they present weirs, such as locks, open and difficulties spaces, narrow strong flows in confined water etc., and in bridges, relatively shallow can be subject to the case of the larger lakes forces, which may significant wave and wind craft. present a danger to small
SAILBOAT AND MOTORBOAT - INLAND WATERWAYS 42 04 SAILBOAT AND MOTORBOAT - INLAND WATERWAYS 43 04 CHECKLIST As appropriate, vessels on inland lakes and on inland vessels As appropriate, a recommended to carry waterways are Navigation Satellite System GNSS Global as a GPS Global commonly know receiver, allow the to System receiver, Positioning to its position accurately vessel to indicate event of rescue services in the the search and should A supply of energy, an emergency. while the be available for this equipment the operation of the vessel is underway and regularly (at equipment should be checked least daily). The following tables set out the The following tables set quantity of recommended type and equipment that craft should carry for their category of craft. These levels of recommended equipment should be regarded as the minimum, and owners are encouraged to always equip boats to a higher standard. Sail boat and motorboat – Inland • Category “E” Craft • Category “F” Craft 4.4 SAFETY EQUIPMENT of at least 100 Newtons (see appendix 5) 2.1 flares or a red flag Hand held distress 2.2 Orange smoke signal canisters (2) (2) (2) 2 11) date) (see chapter Flares (all to be within expiry E F 1.3 A buoyant heaving line/throw bag 1.4 with light Horseshoe type lifebelt 1.5 long shaft) Boathook (telescopic/fixed 1.6 Boarding Ladder 11.1 Lifesaving and personal safety equipment board, An approved PFD/Lifejacket for each person on 1.2 Appropriate clothing E F It is recommended that all vessels operating It is recommended that on inland lakes and waterways carry a fully charged mobile phone. The mobile phone should at all times be fully charged and the signal strength of the mobile phone and the charge indicator of the mobile phone should be regularly checked while the vessel is under way. It is recommended that all vessels operating It is recommended a VHF and waterways carry on inland lakes with a qualified operator radio telephone of Certificate the Short Range holding at least Communications in Radio Competency by the as issued Module 1 VHF only, VHF unit This Department of Transport. while the vessel is should have, at all times a for example an energy supply, underway, should be Equipment fully charged battery. daily), while the tested regularly (at least ensure that it is This will vessel is under way. should hold The vessel operating correctly. by the a ship radio licence as issued Department of Transport. 4.3 COMMUNICATIONS 04
3 Fire Fighting E F
SAILBOAT AND MOTORBOAT - 3.1 Fire blanket – CE marked 3.2 Fire extinguishers one of which is suitable to fight oil fires in engine (2) spaces or fire bucket* 3.3 All cooker/heaters using LPG should be installed as outlined in Marine Notice No. 1 of 2000 *Do not deploy the bucket overboard while the boat is moving.
4 Navigation Equipment E F 4.1 Steering Compass 4.2 Foghorn, powered or aerosol type 4.3 Binoculars 4.4 Navigation drawing instruments, parallel ruler, dividers or plotting instrument 4.5 Navigation lights as required by boat length 4.6 Suitable up to date charts for areas of cruising.
5 Bilge Pumping E F 5.1 Manual/Electric Bilge pump capable of pumping from any hull watertight compartment and with all hatches closed 5.2 At least one complete repair kit including spares should be carried 5.3 A bucket fitted with a rope lanyard (Do not use bucket overboard while the boat is moving) 5.4 All through hull fittings to be fitted with isolation valves 5.5 Softwood tapered plugs located adjacent to each through hull underwater fitting
6 Anchors and Warps E F 6.1 Anchor with chain/warp, as appropriate for a vessels size, and operating area ground holding conditions (folding anchor)
INLAND WATERWAYSINLAND 6.2 Boats should have a suitably reinforced deck cleat/Samson post on the foredeck, and means of closing over the bow roller or fairlead used when anchoring 6.3 An adequate supply of warps and fenders, these should include suitable warps to allow the craft be towed if necessary
7 General Equipment E F 7.1 Emergency steering means, i.e. tiller, for vessels fitted with wheel steering as their primary means of steering 7.2 Waterproof torch 7.3 An appropriate tool kit, and spare parts for the type of craft being used 7.4 Suitable secondary means of engine starting including battery or hand start 7.5 Appropriate First Aid Kit 7.6 Storm Sail which can be quickly rigged, or the facility to deep reef existing sails (Yachts) 7.7 Set of Oars / Oarlocks / Paddles 7.8 Suitable Knife 7.9 Instruction manuals for vessels essential equipment 7.10 Rigid or inflatable tender 44 PERSONAL WATERCRAFT (PWC) – JET SKIS 05
• A flare pack should be carried– minimum PERSONAL WATERCRAFT (JET SKIS) of I x pinpoint red, 2 x orange smoke in a watertight container. • Carry a suitable folding anchor.
Personal Watercraft (PWC) - known as jet skis or water/wet bikes, are a rapidly growing segment of the recreational craft • Collapsible paddle, which can be stowed market on board for use in the event of engine failure. A PWC is a watercraft that is less than • Basic first aid kit. sixteen feet long, propelled by a two stroke • PWC should be equipped with a petrol engine directly powering a water jet lanyard/kill cord to cut out the engine; pump and designed to be operated by a the lanyard/kill cord must be attached to person who sits, stands or kneels on it. the operator's body, clothing, or They are capable of speeds exceeding PFD/lifejacket. A spare lanyard/kill cord 100km / hr and are highly manoeuvrable in should always be carried on board. competent hands.
5.1 TRAINING
It is recommended that persons operating a PWC undertake appropriate training. There are a number of training schemes and approved courses available and information can be obtained directly from course • Knife. providers (see appendix 9 for details of • Torch. course providers). • Basic Tool Kit. • Fire Extinguisher. 5.2 EQUIPMENT FOR THE PWC 5.3 PERSONAL EQUIPMENT TO BE • Rope (5m x 8mm Nylon) for use in WORN/CARRIED BY towing and mooring. OPERATOR OF THE PWC
• Suitable PFD/lifejacket (see appendix 5). • A whistle, fitted to each PFD/lifejacket to attract attention in the event of an emergency, or entering the water. • Suitable clothing including wetsuit and hand / foot protection
46 47
05 PERSONAL WATERCRAFT (JET SKIS) Immersion in cold water can result in a in cold water can result Immersion drop in body life-threatening (hypothermia). temperature wind can also be caused by Hypothermia avoid this perspiration. To chill, rain and prepare by dressing correctly danger, hand/ foot including wetsuit/drysuit, your PFD/lifejacket protection. Wearing against the affords additional protection cold. in cold Do not try to swim to shore close to safety water unless you are very of speedy and you have no expectation treading assistance. Swimming and and water use up valuable energy If it is not produce rapid heat loss. wearing possible to get out of the water, your PFD/ lifejacket will help increase your survival time by keeping your head out of the water. PWC: it is illegal to do so and your ability to make quick decisions is impaired. This is critical when operating a fast and manoeuvrable PWC. involve collisions with other craft, operators should exercise the utmost caution when approaching or overtaking other boats, and should never manoeuvre at speed in close proximity to other PWC, boats, or swimmers ( see appendix 1). practice handling of your PWC under experienced supervision in open water and well away from other boaters. changes that may signal weather changes. • PWC. remain with your If in difficulty, • the manufacturer's manual and Study • for the wave, wind, cloud Be alert • skiing alone, especially at sea. Avoid • A high incidence of accidents with PWCs 5.4.3 On the Water • Don't drink or take drugs when riding a (Pre- Launch Checks) Launch (Pre- cold water, re-board immediately. cold water, high noise levels generated, PWC may high noise levels generated, bye-laws be subject to specific local local issued by harbour boards, restricting authorities, or local councils operation. It is their speeds or areas of operators to the responsibility of PWC bye-laws in be familiar with the relevant force in waters they use. forecast before starting out. 5.7), prior to departure. A waterproof laminated copy of the checklist permanently attached to the PWC, should be located inside the door of the storage compartment. doors are correctly secure and sealed. launching from and recovery of a PWC using a trailer. have practiced the procedure for a craft righting a capsized boat. Rolling over the wrong way may result in water entering into the engine, causing serious damage to it and rendering the PWC inoperative. facial protection, if operating offshore or if operating offshore facial protection, jumping. involved in wave riding. for salt water • In the event of falling off the craft into 5.4.2 Emergency Procedures 5.4.2 Emergency • users, and due to protect other water To • Check the weather / sea condition • Always complete a safety checklist (see • Ensure all engine access and storage • Be aware of correct procedures for • Operators should be familiar with and 5.4 PWC OPERATIONS 5.4 PWC 5.4.1 Water to Entering the Prior • fitted with preferably helmet, A suitable • especially Goggles are recommended, It is recommended that the following are that the following It is recommended carried on board: • Compass. • VHF Radio. Waterproof • Plan. Passage • Area. Chart of Sea (PWC) Watercraft The majority of Personal lights, which are not fitted with navigation at night, the law requires for operating to a period therefore their use is restricted between sunrise and sunset. The Irish Sailing Association (ISA) is the The Irish Sailing Association for PWCs in Ireland national governing body details). (see appendix 8 for contact 5.6 ASSOCIATION NATIONAL full thereby allowing for 3 / 1
company with other PWCs or suitable support boats. aware of departure times, destinations and expected arrival / return times. and designated zones. and designated to carry an observer. float, it is essential a only be done on craft with This should of 3 or more persons. carrying capacity to return with for any intended trip, plan the fuel tank any possible emergencies. should be on board, and no fuel transfer is afloat. attempted once the vessel 5.5 OFFSHORE CRUISING 5.5 OFFSHORE and sea Subject to suitable weather are capable of conditions, these craft undertaking coastal or offshore passages. • Such passages should be undertaken in •nominated person ashore should be A • buoyed channels use Where applicable, • a in water skiing or towing If engaged • board sufficient fuel is on Always ensure • not be carried Additional petrol should 48 05 PERSONAL WATERCRAFT (JET SKIS) 49
05 PERSONAL WATERCRAFT (JET SKIS) Tickbox Tickbox Tickbox Tickbox VHF Radio Compass Chart of sea area Cruise in Company Plan Passage Ashore Nominated Person Engine test run Engine Stops Tested Offshore Cruising Fuel & Oil Tank full & Oil Tank Fuel Seats / Hatches sealed External Hull Check Weather Forecast Weather Tides Local Chart Fire Extinguisher Launch Checks Pre Local bye-laws/speed restrictions Knife Torch Kit Basic Tool Basic First Aid Kit Engine Kill Cord Spare Engine Kill Cord Tow Rope Tow Flare pack Anchor Collapsible Paddle Goggles PWC Equipment Wetsuit Gloves Helmet Personal Gear Personal PFD/ Lifejacket Whistle 5.7 CHECKLIST WATERCRAFT PERSONAL 50 05 PERSONAL WATERCRAFT (JET SKIS) WINDSURFING
loose fittings, ensure all are correctly loose fittings, tied off. cleated and leash (where ensure there is a safety and rig. fitted) between the board 6.2 WINDSURFING SAFETY WINDSURFING 6.2 the Water to entering 6.2.1 Prior • rigging for worn ropes, Examine your • the board; Check the condition of • and fins are Check all foot straps,
6.1 TRAINING 6.1 that persons It is recommended in windsurfing activities participating are a training. There undertake appropriate and training schemes number of windsurfer available and information approved courses from course can be obtained directly 9 for details of providers (see appendix course providers). 52 06 WINDSURFING 53
06 WINDSURFING numbers. Choose a recognised boardsailing venue where you can also learn from other sailors. Beginners should stick to enclosed waters. sail in designated restricted areas or areas crowded by swimmers. sailing back upwind once tired or overpowered becomes much more difficult. with any rig you may be using. If in doubt do a practice drill. unless very warm plus hat, sunscreen and long sleeves to protect from the sun. participating in windsurfing activities always wear a PFD/ lifejacket. • sailing alone - there is safety in Avoid • of local regulations and never Be aware • offshore winds until proficient, as Avoid • of your self-rescue capabilities Be sure • correctly - A wetsuit is advised Dress • It is recommended that persons suitably attached, examine the mast foot, ensure the universal joint and mast track are in good condition. going and when you will be back. lines, a 4 metre towing line, a dayglo flag, or miniflare and whistle to attract attention. These items can be carried in a harness pocket, or bum bag. forecast for the area you propose to sail in. aware of the influence of tidal streams both of which may carry you offshore or away from your start point. number are marked on your board, where possible apply retro reflective tape to the board hull. • someone ashore, where you are Advise • Carry essential spares, spare rigging • the local weather and sea area Check • sailing in offshore winds, and be Avoid • Ensure that your name and contact
don't go out. water. running returning to shore to avoid others. aground or colliding with necessary. buoyancy aid. happens, it is your largest distress Use the International hand and signals if necessary (slowly arms repeatedly raising and lowering outstretched to each side). water if symptoms occur (shivering, numb extremities and poor co- ordination). 6.3 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION 6.3 NATIONAL is The Irish Windsurfing Association (IWA) an affiliated club of the Irish Sailing Association and as such is the governing body for competitive windsurfing. Windsurfing events are run in accordance (see with the safety guidelines of the IWA appendix 8 for contact details). • If in doubt limitations. of your Be aware • Drink plenty of dehydration. Avoid 6.2.2 • Water On the leaving and Sail cautiously when • the shore than is Never sail further from • collisions. Avoid • with your board no matter what Remain • aware of hypothermia and leave the Be 54 06 WINDSURFING CANOEING/KAYAKING 07
Canoeing covers a wide and diverse range • Never operate alone, always canoe in CANOEING / KAYAKING of disciplines including sea kayaking, white company. water kayaking, surf kayaking, polo, slalom, • Do not operate a canoe if under the marathon, sprint, freestyle and touring. influence of alcohol or drugs. • Inspect your craft and equipment There are a number of basic safety thoroughly, check it is fitted with precautions that should be applied to adequate buoyancy material, and that any canoeing activity, regardless of its such buoyancy is correctly distributed speciality. and secured within the hull. • Ensure that the bung is fitted correctly. 7.1 TRAINING • Do not use the canoe, unless you are certain it is watertight. Boats with Undertake a recognised training course in temporary repairs should not be used. the correct use of the specific type of canoe • Ensure if carrying additional equipment, you wish to use. Be completely familiar with that the canoe is never overloaded. relevant rescue/recovery drills, self-righting • Use a spray deck, with quick release techniques, e.g. Eskimo roll etc. Practice where relevant, and be completely such drills with fellow members of your familiar with its use. group. The Irish Canoe Union have a • When using a spray deck, ensure that comprehensive training and accreditation the grab loop is in good condition and is scheme, which covers river, sea kayaking within reach. and open canoes (see appendix 9 for details • Always ensure that your name / contact of course providers). address are permanently marked on the hull. The addition of strips of retro- 7.2 PRIOR TO ENTERING THE reflective tape to the hull is WATER recommended. • Check the hull is fitted with grab loops / • Ensure you are a competent swimmer, towing lines. Kayaks over 270cm should and capable of surviving in the water in have decklines fitted fore and aft, boats areas you operate in. less than 270cm should have cowtails • Undertake a basic First Aid Course, and fitted. life saving course.
56 57
07 CANOEING / KAYAKING These can be laminated and attached to These can be laminated the kayak hull. and departure aware of your itinerary, return times. emergency plans, e.g. safe landing area down wind etc. company. - remain with it, it offers a better target to rescuers, and has a high buoyancy Do not attempt to swim for shore factor. unless adjacent to it. •operation. Carry a chart for area of • Carry a hand held compass. • ashore is Ensure a nominated person • a passage plan and alternative Have • not operate alone - kayak in Do • and floating outside your craft If capsized The following additional equipment should be considered. • Flares • / throw bag Towrope • Torch • Suitable knife • waterproof VHF radio Portable • GPS unit Portable • EPIRB Personal • First Aid Kit • food / drink Spare • float / leash Paddle Essential equipment should be carried on the person, or on an easily recoverable buoyant grab bag. (see appendix 5) EQUIPMENT sea area forecast. Only ever operate Canoeing in within your limits and ability. a force 4 or above should only be considered for the very experienced. operating in. wind and tide on sea states. attract attention, be in a Hi Visibility colour and fitted with retro-reflective strips. area of operation, and type of activity, Be aware of the time of the year. dangers of hypothermia when wet and exposed to the elements. exists, a suitable helmet should always be worn. aware of your intended departure, aware of your intended locations, and return details. Sea kayakers should observe the following additional precautions: • Be aware of the weather forecast and • Tidal conditions for areas that you are • Be aware of the interaction between 7.4 SEA KAYAKING 7.4 SEA • It should be fitted with a whistle to • Ensure you are suitably attired for the • If paddling where the risk of head injury • Suitable PFD/lifejacket 7.3 PERSONAL SAFETY 7.3 PERSONAL • person is Ensure that a responsible on site. Aid kit on river trips. Aid kit on river paddles some of the following: consider carrying o Split tape o clothes slings and carabiners o Duct Webbing shelter o Dry o Group o o Matches/lighter Food and money and of the water level before cautious committing. Be particularly during flood water conditions. them; be aware that drops may change or that new hazards may have formed (e.g. fallen trees etc.). Set up bank based rescue where appropriate. 7.6 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION ASSOCIATION 7.6 NATIONAL The Irish Canoe Union is the national association for canoe and kayak based activities in Ireland (see appendix 8 for contact details). • have adequate buoyancy. should Kayaks • First training and carry a Get First Aid • carry a knife. a throwbag also If carrying • difficulty, on the rivers Depending • Be aware of the river’s grading (1-6), • before running Inspect unknown drops
time prior to entering the water. time prior to entering the hidden dangers, snags, currents etc, prior to putting boats in the water. stretch of water. based rescue / recovery personnel should be in attendance, trained and equipped in the rapid recovery of persons in distress. / rescue authorities should be available 7.5 RIVER KAYAKING RIVER 7.5 on slow ranges from touring River kayaking 1 water in either open moving Grade more kayaks, to the canoes or recreational which water river running, extreme white and whitewater rapid, waterfalls can include and undercuts. features such as stoppers extreme kayaking is at the more Freestyle and Trained end of the canoeing spectrum. should attempt this competent persons only activity. safety precautions In addition to the basic should mentioned previously operators items: observe the following additional • damage each Hulls are examined for • for courses should be studied Potential • Boats should never operate alone on a • In extreme and difficult locations, shore • Contact numbers for medical assistance 58 07 CANOEING / KAYAKING ROWING BOATS 08
Rowing includes “Olympic Style” rowing craft in the area that there are rowing boats ROWING BOATS boats, racing gigs / skiffs and traditional on the water. racing currachs. Coach/safety boats should carry the 8.1 TRAINING following items of equipment: • Suitable bailer It is recommended that rowers undertake • Suitable inflatable pump - if an inflatable appropriate training. A number of training is used as a rescue boat schemes and approved courses are available • A throw bag with at least 10m of and information may be obtained directly buoyant line from course providers (see appendix 9 for • A sound signalling device - air or aerosol details of course providers). power klaxon • Thermal exposure blankets 8.2 OLYMPIC STYLE ROWING • Lifebuoys or additional PFD/lifejackets BOATS to assist persons in the water • Suitable First Aid Kit These boats are used in the rowing events • Anchor and line in the Olympic Games and are governed in • Knife Ireland by the Irish Amateur Rowing Union • Engine Kill cord to be used by the engine (IARU). Accordingly the following safety operator points should be adhered to at all times. • Paddle • Suitable handholds fixed to the side of A coach and/or a safety boat should be in the boat – to assist persons being attendance at all times. Operators of such rescued safety boats should be suitably qualified and boats should be suitably identified by All participants should be aware of the markings or warning flags, to alert other requirements set out in the Irish Amateur Rowing Union (IARU) water safety code.
60 61
08 ROWING BOATS water at all times such craft are in use. water at all times such outings are not The use of unescorted a encouraged, and if undertaken designated person ashore should be aware of departure times, destinations, and return times. good health, and capable of swimming 100m while wearing light clothing. approved PFD/lifejacket at all times. • be on the Coaching launches should • participating should be in All persons • All boat coxwains should wear an Boats are not to be used at night unless they comply with the requirements of the regarding International Collision Regulations navigation lights. Boats should not be operated in weather or tide conditions that may compromise their low freeboard and stability. Coaches, coxwains, and crew should at all times be aware of local navigation rules, including any possible hazards or potential dangers arising from tidal, stream, or wind When racing in that may prevail locally. competitions, the water safety code of the IARU is to be adhered to fully. EQUIPMENT good order and inspected regularly. and stern must be checked to ensure they are in good order and will function as intended. Boats should be handled carefully and correctly at all times when to avoid damage to hulls or out of water, injury to crews or spectators. to crew embarking should be checked to confirm they are safe, free of leaks and all moving parts are functioning. mechanisms and quick release Restraints must be in good working order on boats equipped with fitted shoes. The use of straps on fixed shoes as opposed Velcro to lace –ups is recommended. and that outriggers swivels, seats etc. are secure. working. checked to ensure they are secure and properly set. • should be kept in All rowing equipment • Buoyancy compartments located in bow • Boats when placed on water and prior • Check ventilation bungs are in position, • Ensure all steering mechanisms are • Sculls and oar buttons should be 8.3 CONSTRUCTION AND BOAT 8.5 NATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS NATIONAL 8.5 (IARU) is Union Rowing The Irish Amateur body for rowing in Ireland the governing over 100 Clubs across and represents details). appendix 8 for contact Ireland (See Federation is a The Irish Coastal Rowing rowing in Ireland governing body for coastal details). (see appendix 8 for contact
TRADITIONAL RACING TRADITIONAL CURRACHS
should wear a suitable PFD/lifejacket at a suitable PFD/lifejacket should wear all times. Klaxon). attracting attention (Aerosol the these boats in waters beyond or boats. capabilities of the crew equipped attendance, should be suitably operators. and operated by competent • in racing these boats Crew engaged •with means of Boats should be equipped • operate Coaches / Crews should not • boats that may be in Coaching / Rescue 8.4 COASTAL RACING GIGS/ RACING COASTAL 8.4 62 08 ROWING BOATS CHARTER BOATS/ BARE BOAT HIRE 09
Craft that are supplied with a skipper and There are a number of boat charter CHARTER BOATS/BARE BOAT HIRE crew as part of the hire are regarded as associations, whose members adhere to an Passenger Boats and must be surveyed and agreed code of operation, covering items licensed by the Maritime Safety Directorate such as: (MSD). Boats that are offered for hire • Safety equipment supplied. without crew, for operation by private • Operating limitations for boats. individuals, are classed as charter or bare • Training and familiarisation for customers boat hire. in handling boats. • Emergency backup and maintenance. There is a range of boats available for hire to the public, examples ranging from: A number of operators will, depending on • Cabin Cruisers transiting the Shannon the type of boat being chartered and waterways. proposed itinerary, require customers to • Sail boats for use on extended coastal prove levels of competency to the trips. company’s satisfaction. • Boats used for angling on inland lakes. • Day boats for short local trips (coastal or inland). • Sailing Dinghies. • Windsurfers. • Barges.
64 65
09 CHARTER BOATS/BARE BOAT HIRE donning PFD/lifejacket, flares, radio as applicable to boat type. (if applicable to boat type). berthing alongside, going astern, man overboard manoeuvres, and recovery procedures (this should consist of a short practical demonstration). weather conditions, maps/charts as relevant. that a craft may carry. channels, and relevant mobile phone numbers. •of safety equipment: including Operation • Fighting appliance location and use Fire • of pumping bilges. Means • in the event of running aground. Actions • Instruction in boat handling, including • Details of area of operation, local • number of people/ luggage Maximum • points for rescue services, radio Contact controls and basic engine checks. equipment – e.g. emergency steering, alternative means of engine starting, anchoring. (including PFD/lifejackets). While some operators offer a comprehensive training scheme, including personal instruction, and videos, some may not. Before departing on any boat, customers should request instruction by the owner/operator in the following items, specifically relating to the boat they are hiring. • Engine operation, including operation of • Emergency operation of boats • Location of all safety equipment 9.1 TRAINING Members of the public intending to hire such craft should enquire about the following issues from a boat company. Recreational Craft are classed into 6 Craft Recreational categories: - Ocean Category A - Offshore Category B Category C - Coastal Estuary Category D - Inshore / including Category E - Inland waterways large open lakes - open Category F - Inland Waterways in rivers and boats less then 7m. Operating in moderate sheltered areas on lakes weather conditions. are generally Hire craft in Irish waters C, D, E, and F. confined to Categories
EQUIPMENT ON BOARD
cover? cover? that apply to the insurance All boats offered for hire without a skipper, All boats offered for hire fitted with the should as a minimum be in the safety equipment recommended 4, which are tables in Chapter 3 and operation of the relevant to the area of craft. 9.3 MINIMUM SAFETY 9.3 MINIMUM 9.2 INSURANCE • by insurance? Is the boat covered • extent of the insurance What is the • restrictions or conditions Are there any 66 09 CHARTER BOATS/BARE BOAT HIRE SAFETY OPERATIONS prior to commencing any tendering prior to commencing any operation. safe to depart that the launch point is from, can be safely accessed, and not subject to excessive surf. should have additional buoyancy fitted, this may be in the form of dedicated buoyancy tubes, polyethylene foam block, or integral buoyancy chambers built into the boat. outboard engine, also carry a set of oars or paddles, and be fitted with a suitable painter. either personnel or equipment. Many tenders are fitted with a manufacturers instruction plate on the transom identifying the maximum number of persons or equipment, or combinations of each, a tender may safely carry and the maximum power of any outboard engine that may be safely fitted to the boat – do not exceed these figures. vessel should be provided, e.g. boarding access gates on railings etc. ladder, • wind conditions Be aware of tidal and • shore ensure If launching directly from • other than inflatable types Tenders • All tenders should, if utilising an • tender should not be overloaded by The • Suitable means of boarding the moored
MOORED CRAFT
times, for the operation of boarding the transit to, and boarding of the tender, moored craft. waterproof handheld VHF radio. drugs should not participate in tendering operations. and suitably equipped, if using an inflatable dinghy type, check the tubes are correctly inflated, and the dinghy is a multi tube type capable of remaining afloat in the event of failure of any single tube. There are instances where boats are moored offshore due to tidal or draft restrictions, and access to them is achieved by the use of a smaller tender launched from shore. In such instances where a tender is used to access and board a moored vessel, the following precautions should be taken: • Crew must wear a PFD/lifejacket at all • recommended operators carry It is • under the influence of alcohol or Persons • Ensure the tender is in good condition This Chapter provides basic guidance on This Chapter provides of safety on marinas and maintenance equipment. TO OPERATIONS 10.1 TENDERING 68 10 SAFETY OPERATIONS 69
10 SAFETY OPERATIONS not a long jump is the required transit the required jump is not a long berth. from boat to when bringing a boat PFD/lifejackets berth. on/off a marina marina facility. when they are PFD/lifejacket at all times on a marina. trailing leads are supplies, always ensure with suitable in good condition, fitted plugs/sockets, and are correctly supported. management. instructions. about on a marina whilst under the influence of alcohol. • on deck to wear Instruct all crew • a unattended on Do not leave children • a suitable Ensure children are wearing • When using shore power electricity • defects to the marina any noted Report • Observe all management safety • of the dangers of moving Be aware decks, particularly if wet. finger berths with gear/trolleys. involve coming alongside and departing marina berths are controlled, and do not jeopardise crew members in the process of berthing the boat. A short step and Users are encouraged to observe the Users are encouraged to using and following precautions when installations: moving about on marina • suitable non-slip footwear. Wear • condition of Be aware of the surface • walkways or Do not obstruct marina • Ensure that boat operations which While the use of a marina facility offers While the use and convenience benefits of increased be boat operators, it should comfort to are potentially dangerous noted that they water are located in deep locations. Many exposed to subject to strong tidal streams, with a minimum strong winds and are fitted of protective barriers. 10.2 MARINA SAFETY MARINA 10.2 on a boat, and the potential damage by the potential damage on a boat, and the surf. slamming into using specialist craft and 0.5m, unless with suitable training. is correctly and ensure all loose gear secured. to launch available, do not attempt short-handed. and your plans, including departure and return times, launch locations, inform intended destinations. Always them of your safe return. • waves the force of breaking Be aware of •exceeds if the surf height Do not launch • PFD/lifejacket Always wear a suitable • crew are Ensure sufficient experienced • ashore of Advise a responsible person
launching sites. between deteriorate dramatically on departure and return, dependent tidal and weather conditions. versus tide in the area. any attempted departure. 10.3 BEACH LAUNCHING BEACH 10.3 beach, craft from any Launching/recovering be a one subject to surf can particularly be and should always dangerous exercise with caution. approached • safe advice on suitable and Seek local • may Be aware that conditions • effects of wind Always be aware of the • forecast prior to Study the local weather 70 10 SAFETY OPERATIONS 10 SAFETY OPERATIONS
10.4 MAINTENANCE will not last indefinitely and must be replaced. On many boats above 6m, current practice is 10.4.1 Rigging not to remove the mast at the end of the season. Consequently, rigs remain in place for Rigging components on a sailing craft are many years without proper inspection. subject to extreme loadings. If these are set up incorrectly in the beginning and adjusted The following maintenance should be subsequently, the fluctuations in load can undertaken in regard to vessel’s rigging. result in fatigue failure of stays, spreaders, or • A competent person should inspect all masts, despite the use of modern materials. elements of the rigging visually, this should be done annually. As this may involve Rigging demands constant attention and undertaking a masthead inspection inspection on an ongoing basis. While a boat is working at height, individuals experienced in service, it must be recognised that despite in working aloft and using a suitable the use of materials such as stainless steel, Bosun’s Chair or equivalent should only components such as shrouds and terminals undertake this work.
71 10
• Shrouds should be examined for signs of • Battery electrolyte levels should be SAFETY OPERATIONS damaged, distorted or kinked wire checked on a regular basis throughout strands. the season. • Stay wire end terminals should be • Propeller shaft systems including regular visually inspected – rolled or swaged greasing of bearings and inspection of ends are prone to splitting. Norseman or leakage rate at glands, should also be Staylock terminals can be opened and included in an owner’s maintenance inspected internally if required. Ensure routine. turnbuckles are not distorted or damaged. 10.4.3 Outboard Engines • Be aware of the age of your vessel’s shrouds. A regularly used craft should On craft fitted with outboard engines the consider stay renewal every 7-10 years following procedures should be followed: depending on usage. Keep a record of • Unit should be serviced at the start of renewal dates. It is advisable to renew each season by a qualified technician. stays on a rolling basis, changing a • Ensure the unit cooling system is flushed section every year. with fresh water prior to lay up at the • Always renew with suitable material, end of the season. size, and terminals. It is recommended • Check the condition of the to have this work done professionally. propeller/shear pin assembly if fitted, • Be aware of the correct procedure to prior to departure. tune rigging. • Be aware of the correct starting procedures before departing, in 10.4.2 Inboard Engine Operation and particular how to avoid flooding the Maintenance engine. • If using a two-stroke engine, always On craft fitted with inboard engines the ensure the correct oil/fuel mixture is following procedures should be undertaken used. prior to proceeding to sea; • Engines should be correctly mounted • Check oil and coolant levels. onto the boats transom; in addition a • Inspect all bilges for leaks. safety lanyard should always be attached. • Ensure all sea valves are open. • The use of a “kill cord” with the unit is • Ensure adequate fuel is carried on recommended at all times. board. • While the engine is running inspect for any fuel leaks. • Ensure an adequate cooling overboard discharge is present, prior to leaving the dock. • Check that the engine operates ahead and astern prior to departure from berth or mooring.
72 73
10 SAFETY OPERATIONS wastage or leaks. wastage pumps). systems (Jabsco systems. anodes. cutlass bearings. shut off valves. • Cooling on Sea Water Inspect impellers • of any starting battery Check condition • of underwater Examine condition • shaft Inspect condition of propeller • water hull Check operation of all sea are filled with fuel prior to lay up) and are filled with fuel prior fuel filters renewed. in cooling levels of anti freeze fitted lines for systems. Examine all exhaust Owners, prior to the start of each season, to the start of each Owners, prior the following annual should undertake procedures: maintenance • change. Oil and filter • water (ensure they tanks drained of Fuel • and check Inspect all cooling pipes, 10.4.4 10.4.4 Maintenance Engine Annual engines). 10.4.6 Kit Tool carry a suitable and relevant Craft should of the following tool kit comprising suggested items: • Screwdriver set. • applicable to each craft. Spanner set • Adjustable spanner. • Torch. • the case of petrol Spark plug spanner (in • Junior hacksaw and spare blades. • Pliers & vise grips. •oil, if relevant. Can of WD40 release
and gaskets. board. For Outboard Engine • petrol engines). Spark plugs (in case of • Spare Shear Pin (if relevant). 10.4.5 Spare Parts Minimum Engine For Inboard • Fan belt set. •filter set. Oil/fuel • water pump impellor Spare Jabsco sea • oil. Spare change of engine • hoses on Spare jubilee clips to suit 74 10 SAFETY OPERATIONS EMERGENCY PROCEDURES assistance required) distress) persons aboard) GPS receiver, or bearings GPS receiver, from and distance off any fixed mark ) (state the boats name THREE times ) ...(give the position from a ...... (state the nature of ...... (state the number of ...... (state the nature of ………… OVER. IN POSITION ………… ………… 11.1.2 PAN PAN 11.1.2 PAN in the event may be used PAN The PAN but there is no that urgent help is required grave or imminent danger to the boat or its occupants, e.g. mechanical failure, request for medical advice etc. broadcast always on channel 16, using maximum transmission power. The following format of broadcast should be used: PAN-PAN, PAN-PAN, PAN-PAN, ALL STATIONS THIS IS YACHT distress) assistance required) persons aboard) GPS receiver, or bearings GPS receiver, from and distance off any fixed mark ) (state the boat’s name THREE times ) ...(give the position from a
...... (state the number of ...... (state the nature of ...... (state the nature of DISTRESS CALL USING VHF CALL DISTRESS
………… OVER. ………… ………… MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY MAYDAY, MAYDAY, THIS IS YACHT MAYDAY IN POSITION 11.1.1 MAYDAY grave or imminent In cases where there is or boat, then a danger to either occupants should be broadcast, e.g. fire on MAYDAY board, serious injury. The following format of broadcast should be used: 11.1 A MAKING FOR PROCEDURE options for making There are two and PAN the PAN distress calls; the MAYDAY. 76 11 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 77
11 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES unique which is part of it’s It should not be used on There are two models of Distress Beacons: The ‘406 MHz’ and the ‘121.5 MHz’. 406 beacon This is a digital signal and covers the entire globe. 406 beacons have a 11.3 EPIRBS Comparison of 406MHz and 121.5MHZ distress beacons 11.2.2 Non-Automated Calling Non-Automated 11.2.2 the DSC must rely on VHF sets without channel of broadcast on traditional format the set call. Ensure a MAYDAY 16 for making is channel 16 and that it is selected to at its full power. transmitting broadcast format as The MAYDAY be used. described above should 11.2.3 VHF Radios Use of Handheld be used VHF radio equipment can Portable where it is on small boats particularly a fixed VHF radio. impracticable to install be licensed and This equipment should sign. issued with a radio call The portable VHF will only be licensed for use on a boat for communications with coast stations, harbour authorities, marinas and other boats - land. signal. When properly registered the unique code provides information about the boat carrying the beacon. This includes the owner’s emergency contact and the country of registration. The 406 signal may be received within seconds by Geostationary satellites. identification code CALLS All information will be displayed on any receiving sets’ display panel. Transmitting and receiving sets will switch to Channel 16 to allow further information be transmitted message, nature of e.g. spoken MAYDAY emergency etc. In addition to the MMSI number, it can also, In addition to the MMSI number, if interfaced with a GPS give a boat’s position, and possibly the type of emergency (depending on settings). 11.2.1 Automated Calling 11.2.1 Automated This only works on DSC radio sets. The operator initiates an all station call by simply uncovering and pushing the red SOS switch on the radio’s panel. This will transmit the Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) code - a series of 9 digits, without any further action required by the crew. Therefore there are two possible scenarios: For non DSC radios, Channel 16 remains the For non DSC radios, Channel calls. listening channel for distress Modern VHF radios are fitted with a Digital Modern VHF radios are whereby a facility, Selective Calling (DSC) by pressing a distress call is activated radio. This system dedicated switch on the on Channel 70. transmits an all station call The advent of the Global Maritime Distress of the Global Maritime The advent (GMDSS) has brought and Safety System of changes in the manner about a number from in which distress calls and procedure craft are initiated. 11.2 DISTRESS OF RADIO TYPES system 11.3.1 beacon to the distress Changes and rescue February 2009, search From MHz no longer detect 121.5 satellites will MHz beacons. Only 406 analogue distress be satellite detected. beacons will made by the This decision has been that controls the international organisation alarms. About 97 satellites to reduce false analogue beacon per cent of all 121.5 MHz and this is placing detections are false alarms the global search an unnecessary strain on change has been and rescue system. The search and made to ensure that scarce a genuine rescue assets needed for chasing false emergency are not wasted alerts. False alarms from digital 406 MHz beacons can be resolved with a phone call as these devices transmit an identity code that can be cross-referenced with an ownership database. . 5 hours
From February 2009 the February From international satellite system (called Cospas- Sarsat) will no longer process the 121.5 signal. This will make all 121.5 beacons obsolete. Owners of the 121.5 beacon should work towards upgrading to the 406 at their next beacon battery changeover. depending on the the conditions. Processing 121.5 signal may take an additional 45 minutes Orbiting satellites take 90 Orbiting satellites take minutes on average to receive the signal but it may take up to 121.5 Beacon 121.5 signal and has coverage This is an analogue coast. 900 to 1500 km from the over an area are The 121.5 beacons and do not tell anonymous who is in rescue authorities what is in trouble, or even trouble. 78 11 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 79
11 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Dublin Rosslare Coast Guard Radio Rosslare DUBLIN MRCC Dublin Coast Guard Radio Carlingford Coast Guard Radio VHF Channels 16, 67, 02, DSC 70 VHF Channels 16, 67, 23, DSC 70 Wicklow Head Coast Guard Radio VHF Channels 16, 67, 04, DSC 70 VHF Channels 16, 67, 83, DSC 70 Controlled Radio Stations Controlled Radio Malin Head MRSC Mine Head Coast Guard Radio VHF Channels 16, 67, 83, DSC 70 Cork Coast Guard Radio Valentia VHF Channels 16, 67, 26, DSC 70 Malin Head Coast Guard Radio VHF Ch 16, 61 L. Derg CG Radio VHF Channels 16,67, 23, 85, DSC 70 VHF Ch 16, 62 L. Ree CG Radio L. Ree Controlled Radio Stations Controlled Radio Mizen Head Coast Guard Radio VHF Channels 16, 67,04, DSC 70 Glen Head Coast Guard Radio VHF Channels 16, 67, 24, DSC 70 Donegal Bay Coast Guard Radio VHF Channels 16, 67, 02, DSC 70 Malin Head Valentia MRSC Valentia Controlled Radio Stations Controlled Radio Bantry Coast Guard Radio Clifden Coast Guard Radio Galway Coast Guard Radio Valentia Coast Guard Radio Valentia Shannon Coast Guard Radio Belmullet Coast Guard Radio Weather Forecasts at 01:03, 04:03, 07:03, 10:03, 13:03, 16:03, 19:03 & 22:03 on working channels Weather MARINE VHF COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS MARINE VHF IRISH COAST GUARD IRISH COAST 11.4 NETWORK VHF COMMUNICATIONS MARINE VHF Channels 16, 67, 83, DSC 70 VHF Channels 16, 67, 24, DSC 70 VHF Channels 16, 67, 04, DSC 70 VHF Channels 16, 67, 26, DSC 70 VHF Channels 16, 67, 23, DSC 70 VHF Channels 16, 67, 28, DSC 70 IRISH SEARCH AND RESCUE REGION AND RESCUE SEARCH IRISH 80 11 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 81
11 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES pills) Thermal protective aids (survival bags) (2) Thermal protective aids • Pump • kit Repair • (2) Paddles • Safety Knife • leaflet Instruction • Sea anchor • quoit and line (30m floating) Rescue SOLAS B Pack • Bailer • Sponges (2) • stoppers (set) Leak • Pump • kit Repair • paddles (2) Buoyant • Signal card • Instruction leaflets • (with spare batteries and bulb) Torch • Anti-seasickness tablets (6 per person) • per person) Seasickness pills (min of 6 • (min of 1 per person) Seasickness bags • Sea survival instructions • Flares (3) Handheld Red • First aid kit (including water to help take • (1 per person) Sponges • (2 sealed for life) Torches • stoppers (set) Leak • Signal mirror • Pump • kit Repair • paddles (2) Buoyant • Signal card • Whistle • Safety knife •anchor Sea • notebook and pencil ‘Wet’ • quoit and line (30m floating) Rescue It is recommended that additional equipment It is recommended that bag. is carried in a suitable grab ISAF Pack • Bailer • one day Basic Sea Survival Course • Bailer • Handheld Flares (3) Red • Sponges (2) • (with spare batteries and bulb) Torch • Leak stoppers (set) When choosing a liferaft examine what survival equipment is included. ORC Pack 11.5.1 Choosing a Liferaft (see appendix 9 for details of course providers) covering both the theoretical and practical aspects of sea survival techniques. A number of recognised course providers offer a Survival at sea even for relatively short periods of time is dependent on suitable equipment, adequate preparation and knowledge of survival techniques. After boarding a liferaft it is still possible to succumb to hypothermia. Individuals should take the necessary survival precautions. Death by hypothermia or drowning presents or drowning Death by hypothermia are forced risk to individuals who the greatest sea their craft. The ambient to abandon quickly can cause people to very temperature to help and affect their ability become cold water. themselves once in the 11.5 SEA AT SURVIVAL power capabilities. Liferafts should be stowed on board in a Liferafts should be stowed be rapidly location where they can deployed. They can be stowed either on deck or in a locker opening directly onto the deck. If stowed on deck it should be able to withstand heavy weather. All liferafts rely on attachment of their painter to a suitable strong point on board in order to initiate the inflation procedure. Liferafts require regular servicing by trained regular servicing by Liferafts require their intervals laid down by personnel at should always be These manufacturer. adhered to. The decision to abandon must be made taking into considering a number of factors: • Condition of the boat, propulsion and • Internal Flooding. • Bilge Pumping capacities and capabilities. •conditions. Weather • Communications with rescue facilities. • Physical condition of crew. 11.5.2 Ship Abandoning The decision to abandon should only be Often a taken if absolutely necessary. damaged or incapacitated boat will, even in adverse weather conditions, offer greater protection to a crew than entering the water or deploying a liferaft. (2) – offers improved – offers essential - offers relative stability to – allows one chamber to be – protects the crew from the
non thirst provoking) Sea Anchor Boarding Aid Canopy Inflatable Floor Two Compartment Buoyancy Compartment Two Chambers Thermal Protective Aids (survival bags) Thermal Protective elements, reduces risk of exposure and improves the chances of the raft avoiding total inversion if capsized by a wave or inflating upside down. damaged without compromising the buoyancy of the raft. the raft in the sea. assistance to fully clothed person attempting to enter a liferaft from the water. insulation against the cold. • SOLAS A Pack As SOLAS B plus: • Fishing kit • flares (2) Additional red parachute • flares (3) Additional red handheld • Additional buoyant orange smoke • litre per person) (0.5 Water • Graduated drinking vessel • (10,000 kilojoules per person; Rations • Tin-opener There are a number of essential points to consider when selecting a liferaft. • • and quoit line Rescue • Safety knife • (2) Sea anchor • kit First aid • per person) Sick bag (1 • Whistle •flares (2) parachute Red • flares (3) handheld Red • Buoyant orange smoke • Heliograph • reflector Radar • • • • 82 11 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 83
11 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES bale out any water, check for leaks, check for any water, bale out maintaining a small opening. ventilate by survivors to increase visibility for rescuers. given prior to abandoning ship. given prior to the whistle attached to attract attention. conserve energy and body heat. worn prior to entering the water. worn prior to entering e.g. fingers, toes extremities of the body and face. Avoid overside ladder if available. adjacent to the obstructions in the water to abandon hull. It may be preferable stern rather than from either the bow or amidships. • If possible form a group with other • the PFD/lifejacket light and use Activate • unnecessary swimming in order to Avoid • the last position in the vicinity of Remain 11.5.3 Survival In the Water not being available, In the event of a liferaft the following applies: • clothing are Ensure additional layers of • a hat and if possible cover the Wear •Use an Do not jump into the sea. launching. Read the instructions before launching. Read are ensure other crew departure and of its location and means familiar with deployment. Grab should have a suitably equipped to the Bag which can be transferred liferaft. is clear of water in the launching area people and obstructions. Do not jump to attempting to board. the raft chafing Avoid onto the canopy. is being against the craft which abandoned. entering the water in order to reduce the effects of the cold. without entering the water choose a suitable place to leave the boat while taking account of the sea state and drift can drift liferafts of the boat. Remember, much faster than most people can swim. including head gear as this prevents heat A suitable loss from the body. PFD/lifejacket should be worn at all times. is necessary. obstructions. If abandoning a craft to a liferaft the to a liferaft a craft If abandoning to: should be adhered following points • of with the correct method Be familiar •Category A & B For offshore cruising; • check the Before launching the liferaft, •inflated prior until the liferaft is fully Wait • If at all possible board the raft without • If it is not possible to board the liferaft • layers of clothing, additional Wear • Do not remain in the water longer than Once all crew are in the liferaft: • craft should cut free. The • Manoeuvre clear of the craft or any • the sea anchor. Deploy • Close all entrances to conserve heat. • Issue sea sickness tablets. • a lookout. Post • Maintain the liferaft - inflate the floor, of the individual, using halyards/ winches, of the individual, using halyards/ boom etc. to provide purchase. lifejacket fitted with integral harness. lifejacket fitted with integral scoop and recovered using the boats running rigging. deflated to recover the individual from the sea. recovered into it. deflated to aid recovery of an injured or unconscious person. For an exhausted or injured crewmember, For an exhausted or injured will be required, external means of recovery such as: Be aware of the dangers of hypothermia affecting persons who have been immersed in the sea for a period of time, ensure the casualty is kept dry and warm. Alcohol should not be given to the victim. • Use harness or PFD/ of victim’s safety • of a sail deployed over the side as a Use • partially Use of an inflatable tender, • Launch the liferaft and have the victim • On Inflatables, one tube may be partially Many boats today are equipped with a bathing platform at the stern which facilitates recovery of persons from the water. On boats with outboard engines, the engine may be used as an impromptu ladder to re- board provided the engine is shut down. • recovery sling under the arms Dedicated
RECOVERY PROCEDURES RECOVERY
quoit etc. visual contact with the individual in the water at all times regardless of the boat’s manoeuvres. the required manoeuvre as described in the following section. • throw bag, rescue a lifebuoy, Deploy • Appoint a crewmember to maintain • on the type of craft, exercise Depending • Issue MAYDAY. the victim adjacent to the boat and Position if the person is physically capable re-board by means of a suitable boarding ladder or swimming platform. The situation can be even more traumatic if The situation can be even inexperienced the skipper is lost and an crew are on board. overboard other On losing a crew member the following actions: crew should undertake The loss of any person overboard presents a person overboard presents The loss of any on to those remaining serious challenge position the vessel board who have to safely in the water and adjacent to the individual aboard. recover the person back 11.6 AND OVERBOARD MAN 11.6.1 of Man Overboard Recovery 84 11 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 85
11 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES water and approach him/her head water and approach him/her to wind. headsail cleated so that boat stops hove so that boat stops headsail cleated to (yachts). alongside. if in range and haul the water, - - engine. start the - the headsail. lower or furl main sail amidships. sheet the 4. Motor to leeway of the person in the 11.6.2.2 in the water to the person as close stay an Engine With Craft To as possible: 1. and tack, leaving Come up to wind 2. in line to the person Throw a heaving 3. If not within heaving line range: or sheets lying Ensure there are no lines that could foul loose on deck or overside the propeller. Recovery of Man Overboard of Man Recovery reach (burgee across the craft). Allow reach (burgee to manoeuvre yourself some sea room to recover and get yourself organised the person from the water. now on weather reach (person in water bow). Leeway will sheets in the final stages. - allow for increase as you slow down this. of the person in alongside to windward the water and make the recovery over the leeward side. leeward of the person in the water and make the recovery by the weather shroud. 11.6.2.1 an Engine Craft Without to recover is to: A simple way 1. beam the craft into an “apparent” Put 2. and sail on the opposite beam Tack 3. Approach on a close reach easing the 4. In a larger craft it is easier to come 5. to the come alongside In a dinghy, 11.6.2 to Aid Boat Manoeuvring turning to approach the person in the is for the recovery as it Prepare water. too late when they are alongside. -- Which side will you approach? - Have a heaving line ready. you may get pulled on top of you don’t, a PFD/lifejacket and lifeline; if Wear the person in the water. water will vary depending on weather/sea conditions and the type of boat. Let the weather help rather than Stop upwind and drift down. hinder. the person in the water bring your stern into the wind. If you are not confident with your boat handling skills or if it looks likely that the boat could come down on top of the person in the water, throw them the heaving line and pull them alongside to a position which is a safe place for recovery. when you are alongside the person in the water. 4. Do not waste time while the craft is 5. The initial approach to the person in the 6. If you are concerned about drifting onto 7. Ensure the propeller is not turning
clearly, a simple sight 180 degree turn is clearly, the quickest. poor visibility or heavy weather and sea is a good state, the “Williamson Turn” way to get to a reciprocal course which will take you back down your track. moment the skipper is aware the From of a “man overboard” situation put the helm to starboard and adopt a course of “original course + 60 degrees”. Then put the helm immediately to port until the vessel has completed a turn which brings the compass reading to “original course This plus or minus 180 degrees”. will put you on a reciprocal course where you should proceed slowly with a good lookout as the casualty will be dead ahead of you. may bring the sea astern, in which case a short approach head to sea may be more appropriate once the turn has been completed. 1. you can see the person in the water If 2. due to If you lose sight of the casualty, 3. In heavy weather the reciprocal course 86 11 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 87
11 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES RECEIVING OR GIVING A TOW RECEIVING OR GIVING he will assume command of all he will assume operations - follow his subsequent at all times. instructions is operating in the helicopter vicinity. suitable PFD/lifejacket. harnesses if weather and sea state require them. available to you, join several together using a bowline if necessary. be transferred between boats. The heavier towline can be passed across using this line. care not to foul its own propeller when transferring a tow line, or come in contact with the disabled boat. a disabled craft using a fender. secure the towline. Ensure the load is spread over several cleats to distribute the load and allow for efficient steering. •board, man on of the winch On arrival • a flares when Do not fire parachute In all other circumstances the following should be observed: • All crew working on deck must wear a • the use of lifelines and safety Consider • the most substantial and longest line Use • a light heaving line as the first line to Use • boat offering the tow must take The • can be floated downstream to A towline • craft should use a towing bridle to Both 11.8 EMERGENCY TOWING - with should be undertaken Towing all parties involved in preparation and care by is being offered the operation. If assistance follow the by the RNLI lifeboat, always as to how to instructions of the coxswain, it onboard. take the line and secure PROCEDURES AND PROCEDURES TOWING EMERGENCY METHODS the helicopter; ensure crew are well the helicopter; ensure briefed on correct procedures. are no items of its arrival. Ensure there on deck. loose or moveable gear – follow all crew of the Helicopter instructions they issue. may be helicopter overhead, it necessary to have a crewmember positioned inside the boat to maintain radio communications with the helicopter due to the excessive noise on the outside decks. regarding course and direction he may Generally boats will wish you to steer. maintain a course to give the wind at 30 The preferred Bow. degree to the Port area to conduct winching operations is This affords normally the port quarter. the pilot visual contact with both the boat and his winch man. follow the pilot’s hovering helicopter, instructions exactly with regard to earthing of a static discharge wire prior to placing the winch man on board. The wire is usually dropped into the sea to discharge static prior to commencing the operation. winch line be made fast at any time to the boat. In the event of a helicopter rescue situation of a helicopter rescue In the event and points should be noted the following followed: • in advance of the arrival of well Prepare • on deck prior to Clear all obstructions • by the All operations will be directed • noise of the Do not be distracted by the • The pilot will give specific instructions • Due to the risk of static build up from a • Under no circumstances should the 11.7 HELICOPTER RESCUE HELICOPTER 11.7 slightly forward of amidships of the slightly forward of and adjusted by means towing craft the breast ropes. This allows springs and better positioning through towing craft effect of its own the paddlewheel its controllability through propeller and if the towed which is prevented rudder, the tugs rudder boat is positioned aft of is too far aft position. If the towed boat and tow can the combination of tug with the become quite un-manoeuvrable course in the two only wishing to alter towed vessel is direction upon which the made fast. • positioned should be towed craft The
communications are established either communications signals. by VHF or hand Speed to get underway. commence to suit the vessel should be adjusted and local sea conditions. being towed in sheltered in line astern. However channels and waters and approaching to change berths it is possibly beneficial to allow ease of to an alongside tow, berthing etc. • of agreed means Ensure an • boat should slowly The towing • best to tow In open water it is generally 88 11 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 89
11 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES height of 300 metres and are used for metres and are used height of 300 attention seeking. longer range Flares are explosives and should be treated with care. Store in a waterproof container. They should always be within their expiry date. Everyone on board should know where they are stored and how to use them. Flares will burn for about one minute so Flares will burn for about only use when other boats and planes are in the area. White flares are available for the purpose of attracting attention or marking a position by a boat. • can reach a parachute flares Rocket and can be seen up to 10km away. and can be seen up to 10km and can be seen up to 4 km away on a They can be either handheld clear day. or buoyant cartridge type. • smoke flares are for day use only Orange • flares are for night-time use handheld Red There are three types of flares used as distress signals: Flares are an effective Flares are an passing way to signal nearby aircraft and are in boats that you require trouble and assistance. 11.9 FLARES 11.9 (candela). be a fire hazard. stability may be affected. not be recognised as a distress signal. Expiry dates are generally 3 years from the are generally 3 years Expiry dates date of manufacture. the be replaced prior to Flares should as the chemical components expiry date degrade over time and used in flares and humidity can variations in temperature accelerate this process. look acceptable to Out of date flares may the naked eye, however: • brightness they can burn at a lower • can fade. the colour of the flare • which could the burn time can lengthen • height and flight for rockets; the ejection • flares can fade and therefore may red Expiry dates are set to ensure that pyrotechnics will still perform to the stringent specified quality standards at the end of their official lifetime. The life of the product allows for a performance safety margin so that even if storage conditions are not optimum, the distress signals will still meet the approval bodies’ performance specifications. In date flares should be stored on board in a buoyant container. waterproof, Out of date flares must be disposed of Ultimately they require disposal by carefully. the Army Ordinance Division, however collection schemes are arranged on a regular basis and advice of these schemes are available from the MSD or the Irish Coast Guard. 2 4
11.9.1Expired Pyrotechnics Disposal of PYROTECHNIC EXPIRY DATES Flares have clearly marked instructions for use and expiry dates printed on the packaging. The expiry dates printed on pyrotechnics (Flares) are determined by the required performance of the distress signals as set by marine approval bodies. SOLAS standards are used to regulate the quality and performance of distress signals for use on commercial vessels. Recreational craft are not required by law to carry most SOLAS approved flares. However, products supplied for the leisure market in this country are of SOLASstandard. Do not operate flares when a Rescue Helicopter is in the immediate vicinity, always follow the pilots instructions. Operating Instructions are printed on all printed on are Instructions Operating firing! read them prior to flares - always 1 3 90 11 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
sail. But sailors must be reasonable - must be reasonable sail. But sailors large, less manoeuvrable expect don’t power to give way. vessels under wide berth. distance (starboard). If plenty of there is no separates two passing boats, course to pass need to deliberately alter boat. to the right of the other right always alter course to the the left (port). (starboard) and never to has the right of on your right (starboard) by either way – you should keep clear, altering course or slowing down, to pass astern of the other vessel. predictable – keep your course and speed consistent. should do whatever is of way’.‘right You necessary to avoid a collision. jetties, marinas and moorings, beware of other vessels manoeuvring as very often their movements can be unpredictable. in all directions. Craft under sail should regularly check the area ”below” or to lee of them where visibility is obstructed by the vessels sails. safe speed, considering weather depth visibility, conditions, traffic density, of available water and the crafts manoeuvring qualities. • to rule, power gives way As a general • give large vessels a All small craft should • to the right In narrow channels, keep • In a head-on approach to another boat, • crossing, the boat When two boats are • be If you have the right of way, • by forcing your push your luck Don’t •crowded areas such as approaches to In • Maintain a proper lookout at all times and • Craft should at all times proceed at a APPENDIX 1 APPENDIX visibility. another. craft. • rules Collision avoidance • Navigation lights • Sound signals • Distress signals • Life Saving signals for Preventing The International Regulations govern the Collisions at Sea, COLREGs, and the water, interaction of vessels on craft at sea and on apply to all recreational vessels. The waters navigable by sea-going also apply to sections of our inland Rules waterways. The rules govern the following: • of vessel in any condition of Response • of vessels in sight of one Response • Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility. • and shapes to be carried by various Light • Sound and light signals between craft. • of lights and shapes on board. Positioning • of sound signals. Frequencies • Distress signals. While the complete rulebook forms a large and detailed publication, there are a number of condensed versions available specifically tailored for the recreational boat user. should craft operators Recreational familiarise themselves with some of the rules and regulations so there will be no hesitation on their part, when a possible risk of collision arises. THE INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS THE INTERNATIONAL AT COLLISIONS FOR PREVENTING SEA (COLREGs)
APPENDICES 92 APPENDICES 93 a different side, the vessel that has the wind on the of port side shall keep out This is the way of the other. commonly known as the starboard rule. on the same side, the vessel that is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel that is to leeward. That is the boat closest to the wind keeps out of the way of the other. the port side sees a vessel to windward and cannot determine with certainty whether the other vessel has the wind on the port or the starboard side, it shall keep out of the way of the other. Sailing Vessels – Rule 12 – Rule Sailing Vessels are When two sailing vessels and approaching one another, of them at risk of collision, one of the shall keep out of the way other as follows: i. on When each has the wind ii. When both have the wind iii. the wind on If a vessel with the For the purpose of this Rule windward side shall be deemed to be the side opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried. A number of the collision A number rules are prevention included below. COLLISION PREVENTION COLLISION provides definitions for lights. provides for lights to be visible at of the Collision Regulations avoid collision if the give way vessel is not if the give way vessel avoid collision acting correctly. Rule 21 Rule 22 Rule Navigation lights must be displayed on boats Navigation lights must and sunrise and operating between sunset types of light The in restricted visibility. by the boat type required are determined the length of They indicate and their activity. boat, the direction of travel or if they are anchored. Navigation lights must also be used in daylight hours during periods of restricted visibility. 20 Rule Navigation Lights minimum ranges on a dark night with a clear atmosphere. These are summarised in the table at the end. requires that lights prescribed shall, if carried, be exhibited from sunset to sunrise, and also from sunrise to sunset in restricted visibility and may be exhibited in all other circumstances when it is deemed necessary. Under way: a vessel is ‘under way’ when it made fast to shore or is not at anchor, aground. concern actions by give meeting on reciprocal or nearly meeting on and at risk of reciprocal courses to shall alter its course collision, each of pass on the port side starboard and the other. the other ahead exist when a vessel sees night can see the or nearly ahead, and by in line or masthead lights of the other sidelights, and nearly in line and/or both corresponding by day can observe the aspect of the other vessel. exists it shall whether such a situation and act assume that it does exist accordingly. Rules 16 and 17 Rules Crossing Situations – Rule 15 Crossing Situations – Rule When two power driven vessels are crossing and at risk of collision, the one that has the other on its starboard side shall keep out of the way and shall, if circumstances permit, avoid crossing ahead of the other. Head-on Situations – Rule 14 Head-on – Rule Situations A are power driven vessels When two B Such a situation shall be determined to C is in any doubt as to When a vessel 12. Note: For sailing vessels see Rule way and stand-on vessels respectively. In way and stand-on vessels respectively. the give way vessel shall take summary, early and substantial action to keep well clear; the stand-on keep its vessel shall course and speed but may take action to
APPENDICES 94 APPENDICES 95 may, in lieu of lights as in (A) carry an all- may, round white light and sidelights; the latter may be combined in one lantern. masthead light forward and a second masthead light forward and higher than masthead light abaft of that a vessel the forward one; except but is not less than 50 metres may, light. obliged, to carry the second underway shall carry sidelights Vessels a big ship and a stern light. (From mariner’s point of view on the high seas, the vertical configuration for smaller craft needs to be considered as it lessens the possibility of obstruction by sails or the sea when the vessel is heeled. In harbours or off the coast, with background lights, this configuration can sometimes lead to confusion). E. Power driven vessels under 12 metres E. Power D. vessels shall carry a driven Power combine sidelights and stern lights in a tricolour masthead light (but not with vertical lights as in (B) above). sidelights and a stern light. Sailing vessels may, in addition, carry an Sailing vessels may, all-round red light above a green light. C. may Sailing vessels less than 20 metres B. A. shall exhibit Sailing vessels under way Light Combinations Light shall exhibit two all-round lights, the upper red, the lower white and in addition, when making way through the sidelights and stern light. water, all-round lights, the upper green, the lower white and in addition, when side lights making way through the water, and stern light. manoeuvre shall exhibit three all-round manoeuvre shall exhibit highest and lights in a vertical line, the light white. If lowest red, the middle sidelights, water, making way through the light shall also masthead lights and stern be shown. K. A vessel, when fishing other than trawling, J. for fish shall exhibit two A vessel trawling I. A vessel restricted in its ability to two all-round red lights and, if making way sidelight and stern light. through the water, red lights in addition to anchor lights. white light in the fore part of the vessel white light in the fore part near the stern and a second light at or light, except that lower than the forward need not carry vessels less than 50 metres less than 7 the second light. Vessels anchor lights metres need not show fairway or unless in a narrow channel, anchorage. H not under command shall exhibit Vessels G. aground shall show two all-round Vessels F. F. at anchor carry one all-round Vessels
APPENDICES 96 APPENDICES 97 - Any sound signalling apparatus Short blast – sound blast of about 1 second duration to 6 blast –sound blast of 4 Prolonged seconds duration Sound Signals Sound a may be used to indicate Sound signals or in or movement at night vessel’s position may never You by day. restricted visibility be sound signals but you should need to use their meanings. able to recognise operators number of definitions There are a should be familiar with. Whistle capable of making ‘short’ or ‘prolonged’ capable of making ‘short’ blasts. 50m 12m –Under 50m 12m & over 50m 12m Vessel constrained by draught, - Vessel masthead lights in a vertical line (three if masthead lights in a vertical sidelights, a the tow exceeds 200m), stern light a stern light and above the towing light. but less than 20m, the masthead light visibility is 3nm. Rule 28 Rule * Where the length of the ship is 12m or more, MastheadSidelight 6nmStern lightTowing 3nm 3nm 5nm*All round 2nm 2nm 3nm 2nm 3nm 1nm 2nm 2nm 2nm 2nm 2nm Minimum light visibility (nm) for vessel Minimum light visibility green). yellow, length (m) (White, red, Visibility of Vessel Lights Visibility of Vessel L. A vessel, when towing, shall exhibit two three vertical all-round red lights as well as navigation lights. will signal every minute Vessels in a narrow Channel in a narrow Vessels and one short blast). prolonged (Two side.’ you on your port ‘I intend to overtake short blasts) . prolonged and two (Two to be overtaken Response of vessel about indicating its agreement. one prolonged (One prolonged, one short, and one short blast). their intentions using the following: their intentions you on your starboard ‘I intend to overtake side.’ (Single short blast) short blasts) (Two (Three short blasts) (Five short blasts) Vessel aground as at anchor preceded and Vessel followed by 3 distinct BELL strokes under 12 metres length may make the Vessel appropriate signals given above, but if not, must make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes Pilot vessel on duty – gives appropriate signals Pilot vessel on duty – gives appropriate signals i.e. 4 short blasts as above and may sound H, at anchor (under 100m length) bellVessel at anchor (length, 100m or more) bell, Vessel min 5 secs/min followed by gong from aft, 5 secs/ 5 secs at anchor may give warning if possibility Vessel of collision to approaching vessel Not under command by draught manoeuvring, constrained Restricted Every 2 minutes Sailing vessel (NOT using power) fishingVessel towing or pushingVessel towed – if mannedVessel 2 minutes Every Every 2 minutes Every 2 minutes minutes Every 2 Every 2 minutes Sound signals for vessels in restricted visibility, day and night – Rule 35 day and night – Rule Sound signals for vessels in restricted visibility, Category of vessel making way way, under Power not making way through water way, under Power Every 2 minutes Every 2 minutes Interval Signal (Whistle signals may also be supplemented (Whistle signals same code). by light signals using the to starboard.’ ‘I am altering my course Manoeuvring and warning signals – warning and Manoeuvring 34 Rule other, are within sight of each Craft, which by manoeuvring intentions may signal their sound signals: the following to port.’ ‘I am altering my course ‘I am operating astern propulsion.’ ‘Make your intentions clear.’
APPENDICES 98 APPENDICES 99 )...... above or below it anything resembling a ball. intervals of about a minute. one at a time and short intervals. oil barrel. of the spoken word MAYDAY said 3 of the spoken word MAYDAY times. signalling apparatus. Indicating Radio (Emergency Positioning Beacon – EPIRB). outstretched arms. Charlie). indicated by N.C. (November, other method consisting of the group SOS ( • consisting of a square flag having Signal • A gun or other explosive signal fired at • or shell throwing red stars fired Rockets • A radio telegraph-telephone alarm signal. • alarm signal. Radiotelegraph • from a vessel – e.g. from burning Flames Distress Signals – Rule 37 – Rule Signals Distress refers 37, in COLREGs, Rule The final rule The following are to distress signals. signals: recognised distress Internationally • flare. or hand-held Parachute Rocket Red •telephony consisting Signals sent by radio • of any fog The continuous sounding • a distress beacon Signals transmitted by • signal. Orange coloured smoke • of Slowly raising and lowering •by SART. Signals transmitted • The international Code Signal of Distress • alarm signal. Radiotelephone • Signalling by radio telegraphy or by any the intentions or the intentions there is some doubt there is some Note: In the context of Rule 36, acceptance of of Rule Note: In the context the use of a white hand-held flare is implied. Signals to Attract Attention – Rule 36 – Rule Signals to Attract Attention If necessary to attract the attention of another vessel any vessel may make light or sound signals that cannot be taken for any signal authorised elsewhere, or may direct the beam of its searchlight in the direction of in such a way as not to the danger, embarrass any vessel. Any light to attract the attention of another vessel shall be such that it cannot be mistaken for any aid to navigation. For the purpose of this rule the use of high intensity intermittent or revolving lights, such as strobe light, shall be avoided. When vessels are in sight of each other and in sight of each vessels are When doubt as to there is some similar signal. the other side of the bend repeats with a the other side of the bend sound one prolonged blast. Any vessel on sound one prolonged blast. Vessels nearing a blind bend in a channel will Vessels at least 5 short and rapid sound signals. at least 5 short and rapid The vessel in doubt should indicate by giving doubt should indicate The vessel in to avoid collision. as to whether sufficient action is being taken sufficient action is being as to whether actions of the other or actions of the Lifesaving Signals Lifesaving
APPENDICES 100 APPENDICES 101 which may be capable of transmitting DSC on 2187.5 kHz, and, integrated with the unit in (i) above. capable of receiving DSC on 2187.5 kHz, that is capable of transmitting and receiving telephony or telex, e.g. Satcom C, Satcom M or Mini-M. (See specification below) can be easily affixed, to the unit in can be easily an emergency and the event of watertight container stored in the on board. type approved Search and Rescue type approved Search and Sea Area A1 above, the following Sea Area A1 above, the be fitted on the equipment should also in Sea Area A2 craft when it is operating a coast radio (approx. 150 nm from station): (i) An MF radiotelephone installation (ii) An MF watchkeeping receiver or, (iii) ship earth station An INMARSAT or, (ii) which battery, A spare fully charged One install an INMARSAT ship earth station, install an INMARSAT which is capable of transmitting and receiving telephony or telex, in addition to the equipment, which is specified for Sea Areas A1 and A2 above. providing continuously updated positional data to the DSC and Satcom equipment, e.g. GPS. Transponder (SART), which should be (SART), Transponder location. installed in a readily accessible (e) (f) receiver. A NAVTEX (g) the equipment required for In addition to (h) should Craft operating in Sea Area A3 (i) A position fixing system capable of APPENDIX 2 APPENDIX (DSC) on Channel 70 and, the vessel which is capable of maintaining the battery fully charged at all times, least Channels 16, 13 and 6. least Channels 16, 13 and accessible, and, float -free location, and, manual and automatic operation. capable of: (i) facility on board A suitable charging (ii) on at radiotelephony Transmitting (i) Digital Selective Calling Transmitting watch-keeping receiver on Channel 70 which may be integrated with the VHF DSC unit in (a) above. must be (i) Readily (ii) in a Installed of (iii) Capable waterproof VHF unit should be carried with either: The following radiocommunications on this equipment should be installed it is operating in category of craft when 30 nm from a GMDSS Sea Area A1 (approx. coast radio station): (a) VHF installation A fixed type approved GUIDANCE NOTES ON GUIDANCE RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS Craft – Ocean voyages Category A (b) A VHF Digital Selective Calling (DSC) (c) A type approved Satellite EPIRB, which (d) One hand-held type-approved Calling (DSC) on Channel 70, capable of receiving DSC on capable of receiving which may be 2187.5 kHz, in (i) above. integrated with the unit least Channels 16, 13, and 6. capable of transmitting DSC on capable of transmitting 2187.5 kHz. and that is capable of transmitting telex, e.g. receiving telephony or Mini-M. Satcom C, Satcom M or (See specification below) capable of: (i) Selective Digital Transmitting watch-keeping receiver on Channel 70 which may be integrated with the VHF DSC unit in (a) above. which must be similar to that used for and, (ii) radiotelephony on at Transmitting install an INMARSAT ship earth station, install an INMARSAT and which is capable of transmitting telex, in addition receiving telephony or is specified for to the equipment, which Sea Areas A1 and A2 above. providing continuously updated positional data to the DSC and Satcom equipment, e.g. GPS. (i) An MF radiotelephone installation MF radiotelephone (i) An (ii) watch keeping receiver An MF or, (iii) ship earth station An INMARSAT Category C Craft - Inshore The following radiocommunications equipment should be installed on this category of craft when it is operating in GMDSS Sea Area A1 (approx. 30 nm from a coast radio station): (a) A fixed type approved VHF installation and, (b) A VHF Digital Selective Calling (DSC) (c) A type approved Satellite EPIRB or PLB, (h) in Sea Area A3 should Craft operating (i) A position fixing system capable of (DSC) on Channel 70, and, can be easily affixed, to the unit in the event of an emergency and stored in the watertight container on board. the vessel, which is capable of maintaining the battery fully charged at all times. least Channels 16, 13, and 6. least Channels 16, 13, and and/or, operation. Sea Area A1, the following equipment should also be fitted on the craft when it is operating in Sea Area A2 (approx. 150 nm from a coast radio station): VHF unit should be carried with either: Transponder (SART), which should be Transponder installed in a readily accessible location. capable of: (ii) which battery, A spare fully charged (i) board A suitable charging facility on or, (ii) on at radiotelephony Transmitting on Channel 70 watch-keeping receiver with the VHF which may be integrated DSC unit in (a) above. must be (i) accessible, and, Readily (ii) in a float-free location, Installed (iii) Capable of manual and automatic (i) Digital Selective Calling Transmitting (f) receiver. A NAVTEX (g) required for In addition to the equipment (e) One type approved Search and Rescue (d) One hand-held type-approved waterproof Category B Craft - Offshore B Craft Category radiocommunications The following should be installed on this equipment in craft when it is operating category of from a Area A1 (approx. 30 nm GMDSS Sea station): coast radio (a) VHF installation A fixed type approved (b) Calling (DSC) A VHF Digital Selective (c) A type approved Satellite EPIRB, which
APPENDICES 102 APPENDICES 103 watt, the 1 the radiocommunications equipment for a period of at least 6 hours, and, boat. store the radio batteries, it should be properly ventilated, corrosion proof and protected against the ingress of seawater. provide power for all the radio equipment provide power for all the of the on board. The capacity (AHC) to operate all battery should be sufficient equipment for a the radiocommunications period of at least 6 hours. connected directly to the battery. A connected directly to the battery. suitable distribution board, with correct breakers and fuses should be installed. upper part of the boat and as close to the radio equipment as possible. battery must be provided and the battery should be maintained fully charged at all times. to meet the requirements in (b) above, to meet the requirements provided that: should not be connected to the boat's should not be connected starting batteries. (i) It has sufficient capacity to operate all (ii) upper part of the Is installed in the batteries should be installed. battery voltage is recommended. range will be further reduced. range will be When hand-held VHF radiotelephones are VHF radiotelephones When hand-held to range will be reduced being used the 1/4 of the above figures. approximately i.e. using low power, Also, when (b) Where an outside battery box is used to (f) equipment must never be Radio (g) A suitable method of charging the radio Batteries Radio of Installation and Location (a) be located in the batteries should Radio (c) The boat's service battery may be used Power Supplies (Batteries) Power (a) equipment The radiocommunications (b) be installed to A separate battery should (d) Only approved marine type deep cycle (e) method of indicating the radio A suitable h) √ is 4 metres the range will be approx. 20 nautical miles. is 4 metres the range will be approx. 27 nautical miles. antennas will be approx. 9 nautical miles. H + √ the vessel which is capable of the vessel which the battery fully charged maintaining at all times, unit in the can be easily affixed, to the stored in event of an emergency and on board. the watertight container VHF unit should be carried with either: VHF unit should transmitting antennae above the water. receiving antennae or, (ii) which A spare fully charged battery, (i) facility on board A suitable charging Category B Craft - Offshore. B Craft Category h = height of the base of the boat's VHF Example 1: If "H" is 50 metres and "h" Example 2: If "H" is 100 metres and "h" Example 3: Boat to boat with 4 metre A = 2.25( H = height of the coast radio station VHF Approximate VHF range (A), this can be calculated from the following formula; Calculation Of VHF Range VHF range is generally regarded as line of sight. The key factors in determining VHF range are as follows: (a) Height of antennas, (b) output, Power (c) conditions. Propagation Category D Craft – Sheltered Waters Category D Craft – Sheltered approved VHF unit A fixed or portable type radiotelephony on at capable of transmitting 6. least Channels 16, 13 and (d) type-approved waterproof One hand-held DEN/ERM-RP01-054 The details on the registration card will then the registration card will The details on rescue available to the become immediately event of an emergency. services in the Radio Operator’s Radio Certificate Short Range (SRC) Module 1. Craft Category A, B & C Craft Category A, B & Operator’s Radio Certificate Short Range Certificate (LRC) as (SRC) or Long Range appropriate. Craft D Equipment manufactured to the higher Marine Equipment Directive standards is also acceptable. equipment Note: Radiocommunications manufactured in the US, which does not meet these standards, will not be accepted and will not be licensed. Radio equipment specifications Radio All radiocommunications equipment installed on yachts must meet the technical and legislative standards as set out in the R&TTE and EMC EU Directives. Equipment must have the CE mark to show compliance with the Directives and must also meet the specifications as set out in the table below. Radio Operator Qualification Operator Radio be certified to operators should Radio their equipment fitted on operate radio operator craft. The minimum radio are as follows: qualifications required 406 MHz EPIRB + PLB Satcom C, INMARSAT Satcom M or Mini-M EN300 066 ETS 300 460 DEN/ERM RP01-34 ItemHand-Held waterproof VHF (non-GMDSS)VHF Class "D" DSC equipment EN 301 178 VHF onlyMF/HF Class "E" DSC equipment EN 301 025 Standard 300 162 EN braced so that the movement of the boat the movement of the braced so that them will not dislocate ventilated. areas or navigation the accommodation of the boat. 250 + Radio Call Sign 250 + Radio It is absolutely essential that the EPIRB registration card be completed and forwarded immediately to the EPIRB Centre at the Registration address shown on the form. The MMSI number must be programmed into the DSC equipment by the installation engineer. The EPIRB or PLB must be programmed as follows: When the Radio Licence application has been Licence When the Radio and MMSI number Call Sign approved a Radio will be issued to the applicant with the licence. The application form for a Radio Station a Radio The application form for Licence may be obtained from the Maritime 8 for Affairs Unit (see Appendix Radio contact details). Ship Station Radio Licence Ship Station Radio Wireless Telegraphy In accordance with the which Act, 1926, all vessels on of any type radiocommunications equipment VHFs and is installed, including hand-held Station Licence on EPIRBs, must have a Radio board. (c) be securely units should All battery (d) should be properly All battery boxes (e) not be located in Battery boxes should
APPENDICES 104
APPENDIX 3 APPENDICES APPENDICES BUOYAGE 1. Lateral Marks
COASTAL WATER SCHEMES These are used to indicate the port (left) and the starboard (right) sides of the Buoyage Types channels when travelling in the Direction of Buoyage used in Irish Coastal Waters is Buoyage, that is into port. International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) Region A. Port-hand marks are coloured red and the basic shape is cylindrical (can) for buoy (and Under this system, boats proceeding up a topmark when fitted). If lit, the light will be marked or buoyed channel from sea, must red and may have a rhythm. Such a mark always have their starboard side to the would be on the port side of a vessel when green buoys. travelling in the direction of buoyage.
Direction of Buoyage
Colour: Red Shape (buoys): Cylindrical (can), pillar or Spar Topmark (if any): Single red cylinder
(can) On entering Port, the starboard-hand mark (green) should be passed on the Lights: red when fitted may have any vessels starboard (right) side. rhythm other than composite group-flashing When leaving Port, the port-hand mark (2+1) used on modified lateral marks (red) should be passed on the vessels indicating a preferred channel. Examples starboard (right) side. are:
Entering Port Leaving Port
Starboard-hand marks are coloured green (exceptionally, black may be used) and the There are five types of marks under the basic shape is conical (and topmark when IALA System A: fitted). If lit, the light will be green on any 1. Lateral. rhythm. This mark would be on the 2. Cardinal. starboard side of a vessel when travelling 3. Isolated Danger. in the Direction of Buoyage. 4. Special. 5. Safe Water.
105
When marks are numbered the odd numbered the marks are When and lie on the starboard side numbers will when will lie on the port, the even numbers They the Direction of Buoyage. travelling in from seaward. are numbered 2. the location of These are used to indicate Cardinal Marks to show the safe the best navigable water; (rocks, side on which to pass danger to draw attention wrecks, shoals, etc) and to a feature in a channel. of a particular understand the meaning To must be aware cardinal mark, the navigator and, of his geographical directions to indicate therefore, needs a compass water lies. The where the best navigable mark is placed in one of the four quadrants: north, south, east or west. If in doubt, consult the chart. spar upwards Colour: Green Colour: Shape (buoys): pillar or Conical (cone), Topmark (if any):Topmark cone point Single green may have any Lights: green when fitted, group-flashing rhythm other than composite Lateral marks (2+1) used on modified Examples indicating a preferred channel. are:
APPENDICES 106 APPENDICES 107 Pass on the western side of this mark. on the western Pass 4. Special Marks 4. Special These are used to indicate a special area or feature, the nature of which may be found by consulting a chart or sailing directions. The colour of the special mark is always yellow and the top mark is a single yellow X. If a light is fitted it will be yellow and may have any rhythm not used for white lights, Fl (4) Y. for example, FlY, 3. isolated or moored above, an These are on, Isolated Danger Marks extent that has navigable danger of limited red and it. The colours are water all around and the mark is, black horizontal stripes with a double when practicable, fitted black topmark. sphere, vertically disposed, showing a group If lit, the light will be white of two flashes. flashes = two The association of two memory with spheres, may assist the this one. are not always Isolated Danger Marks a danger and it is positioned centrally over therefore advisable not to pass too close. West Cardinal Mark West Has two cones point to point. When lit a west mark exhibits a white light flashing in groups of nine (9) quick or very quick flashes. Pass on the southern side of this mark. on the Pass Has two cones pointing down. When lit a south mark exhibits a white light flashing in groups of six (6) quick or very quick flashes followed by a long flash. South Cardinal Mark Pass on the eastern side of this mark. on the Pass East Cardinal Mark Has two cones pointing away from each When lit an east mark exhibits a other. white light flashing in groups of three (3) quick or very quick flashes. Pass on the northern side of this mark. on the Pass North Cardinal Mark Has two cones pointing up. If lit, a north marker exhibits a continuous quick or very quick flashing white light. Black and yellow horizontal bands are used Black and yellow horizontal If lit, the mark to colour the cardinal marks. of Quick Flash (= will exhibit a white light Quick Flash (= Very about 1 per second) or The about 2 per second) characteristic. indicate the rhythm of the light will particular quadrant of the mark. The shape of a cardinal mark is not mark of a cardinal The shape it will be in the case of a buoy significant, but important daylight The most a pillar or spar. black cardinal mark is the feature of the different topmark and the four double cone that indicate the relevant arrangements the mark. direction from spherical and red. If lit, an isophase occulting or single long flashing white light is exhibited. The buoy shape is optional but should not conflict with that used for a lateral or special mark. Operators of vessels are cautioned that large commercial vessels may pass close by these marks. 5. Marks Safe Water These are used to indicate that there is navigable water all around the mark. These marks can be used as a centre line, mid- The shape of the channel or landfall buoy. buoy is spherical, pillar or spar and is coloured with red and white vertical strips. The topmark, which is fitted when practicable to pillar and spar buoys, is
APPENDICES 108 APPENDICES 109 and often a large letter or number and often a large letter or the navigation which can be related to same colour charts. Buoy body painted as top-mark. black top marks. Buoy body painted same colour as the top-mark. indicate the navigation arch or arches. (Showing “safe-side” arrows) The stake itself may or may not be The stake itself same colour as the top- painted the the bank, in mark. Stakes can be on the reed margin, on a visible water-body. obstruction or out in the is fitted to the In some areas the stake top of a cairn of stones. or Note: You must remain aware of the Note: You direction of travel relative to the direction of the buoyage system (up/downstream, into/out-of harbours and bays) to avoid confusion at “middle ground” situations and refer to your navigation guide. Such situations occur (mainly on the larger lakes) where there are safe channels either side of an obstruction and one or more pairs of red & black buoys or stakes will be used in seemingly the reverse sense to mark the problem area. Do not go between the pairs in this situation but follow Red/Black the basic rules keeping red marks to your have a white arrow indicating the safe side. indicating white arrow have a Figure 1) can consist of: Marks (see (d) black top-marks square/rectangular (e) & Small cone-shaped floating buoys with (f) circular red or square/rectangular (g) & or black painted floating cans or Red (h)(i) & drums. circles or black squares/rectangles Red (j) painted on the piers of a bridge to (a) & or stakes with circular red Vertical (b) black top-marks. square/rectangular (c) & buoys with circular red Large floating Red marks are kept to your left (port) going marks are kept to your left Red upstream and into bays and harbours. Where fitted, red top-marks are always round. Fixed (as opposed to floating) marks often have a white arrow indicating the safe-side. Black marks are kept to your right (starboard) going upstream and into bays and harbours. Where fitted black topmarks are always square or rectangular. Fixed (as opposed to floating) marks often On the Shannon Navigation upstream of Shannon Bridge, Limerick, the buoyage system consists of red and black lateral marks; downstream of Shannon Bridge, the IALA system A applies. Shannon Navigation Ireland has responsibility NOTE: Waterways for the management, maintenance, of a number of restoration and development inland navigable waterways including the Shannon. The navigation marker system set out below is currently in operation. However, Ireland is committed to changing Waterways the navigation marker system on the Shannon Navigation from red and black to red and please further information green. For Ireland (details in contact Waterways Appendix 8) or check their website www.waterwaysireland.org. Information in relation to buoyage on other Information in relation should be inland waterway systems commencing any obtained in advance of organisation. voyage from the relevant Masters using inland waterways should Masters using and and refer to charts exercise caution regularly to avoid navigation guides of the The following are details confusion. the schemes used on principal marking Shannon and Erne waterways. INLAND WATERWAYS SCHEMES WATERWAYS INLAND g n ki r Sailing course d Ma n (b) (d) (f) (h) (j) ou m r ea r ks r Upst
Ma
n
se
r
s g cou g
r n e 2 - Middle G
to Saili r n bou r & i Figu Navigatio m n o d ha ea n r nn Upst bays a e 1 - Sha r (a) (c) (e) (g) (i) Figu left going upstream or black marks to your right. See Fig 2 marks can become WARNING: discoloured and mishapen over time by a combination of weather, collision damage, bird droppings, weed growth etc thereby disguising their appearance. It can be quite hard to see the small markers, and to distinguish black from red, when visibility is poor because of cloud, darkness, rain or the sun in the wrong direction.
APPENDICES 110 APPENDICES 111 Shannon-Erne Waterway Shannon-Erne red and Navigation system of The Shannon marks is used on the Shannon- black lateral the middle from Leitrim to Erne Waterway a point level (Lough Scur) at of the summit this point From Keshkerrigan. just west of the the waterway uses east to the Erne, Erne marking scheme. ks r Ma m e Syste s r rn to n i
bou r m ea e 3 - E r r Upst Figu bays & ha diamond shaped marks. Do not pass between pairs of middle ground marks. the bottom are left (port) hand marks going upstream. the top are right (starboard) hand marks going upstream. (i) (ii) (iii) (iii) Middle grounds are denoted by red (ii) Marks with the horizontal edge at (i) the horizontal edge at Marks with Many of the Erne system marks are numbered and the numbers can be referenced to the navigation guide. Marks (see Figure 3) can consist of: Marks (see Figure 3) can In some areas on the large lakes, white In some areas on the large used to help with painted stone cairns are position location. Erne Navigation Erne system navigation the marking On the Erne white of stakes with red and consists mainly are The top-marks painted top-marks. so that in shape and mounted semi-circular of the semicircle is horizontal, the flat edge the top of the mark or at either at the the semi-circle are bottom. Both faces of each face denotes painted: the red half of mark and white the hazardous side of the denotes the safe side. Plough Anchor The plough anchor is very effective because it has sufficient weight to enable its fluke to dig into a variety of bottoms, but is awkward to stow on deck. It is popular with sailors and powerboaters whose craft have bow pulpits with rollers. On larger craft it can be deployed and recovered remotely from the cockpit when combined with an electric windlass. Commonly used it has two pivoting flukes used it has two pivoting Commonly can the bottom. The Danforth that dig into either steel or high-strength be made of mud or It offers good holding in aluminium. of a a tendency to pull out sand, but has or grass bottom covered with weeds on the top of such because it often only lies into rocks, but may vegetation. It will hook may also bend or be difficult to get free; it It has the advantage break when so hooked. of stowing flat on deck. APPENDIX 4 APPENDIX fishing, swimming or an overnight fishing, swimming or an stay etc. weather or as a running aground in bad result of engine failure. There are many types of anchors, the most widely used are as follows. Danforth Anchors The object is to secure the boat to the bottom in such a manner that it will not pull free in any anticipated weather conditions. Anchoring is a safe, simple, and speedy operation provided a number of basic guidelines are followed. The equipment needed for anchoring, consists essentially of an anchor and rode, which may be either line or chain, with shackles to join the various segments. Anchoring element of Anchoring is an essential must be seamanship and all operators and carry the familiar with the procedure It is done for proper equipment on board. two principal reasons: • such as For recreational purposes • to keep from As an emergency action, ANCHORING, STABILITY AND BOAT STABILITY ANCHORING, HANDLING
APPENDICES 112 APPENDICES 113 anchor, and it is resistant to damage, but it is and it is resistant anchor, If the to use and stow. heavy and difficult it is entirely of chain, rode is comprised to have an anchor generally necessary the raise it. Furthermore, windlass to of chain may be weight of a sufficient length a small craft, a problem in the bow of entry and limited especially one with a sharp buoyancy forward. Anchoring Procedures and Techniques Anchoring Procedures Selecting an Anchorage the first step in Unless it is an emergency, anchoring is deciding where to lower your Do not anchor in a channel or anchor. approaches to a channel, refer to local charts and sailing instructions as a source of suitable anchoring locations. winds, bottom depth, bottom Prevailing composition, tidal rises and the existence of other craft in the anchorage should all be considered in coming to a decision as to where to deploy an anchor. Shelter from the wind is important because calmer water will put less strain on the ground tackle, consider any anticipated The changes in wind direction and velocity. composition of the bottom will affect the Line is favoured by many for anchoring Line is favoured by many the shock load because its elasticity absorbs to heavy swells. when anchoring in moderate nylon is preferred Three-stranded twisted it stretches over double-braid line because your rode, a length more. If you use line for long should be of chain several metres anchor to counteract inserted just above the or coral. The against any chafing on rocks weight of this chain also keeps the lower end of the rode down against the bottom, thereby making the pull on the anchor more horizontal. The Anchor Rode Connecting the anchor to the vessel is the anchor rode, which may be either chain or synthetic rope. An advantage of chain is its weight adds to the holding power of any The number and type of anchors for a particular craft should be largely determined by her size and intended cruising area. Generally suitable for only the smallest of craft and deployment in moderate conditions, it has the advantage of folding closed when stored rather like an umbrella and is easily stowed on board. Folding Anchor This anchor is much like the plough, but has This anchor is much like one that pivots. a fixed stock rather than The Bruce There are a number of different are a number There to the of ploughs, in addition manufacturers model. original CQR generally satisfactory when using a line when using a generally satisfactory three using chain, a scope of rode; when For expected bad weather, works well. ten and values to as much as increase these seven respectively. line or chain is It is helpful if the anchor When the marked at regular intervals. been let out, it proper length of rode has the anchor should be removed from used) and the line windlass (if one has been post, anchor bitts, or made fast to a Samson is fully extended, a cleat. When the rode power to make apply a burst of reverse holding. sure that the anchor is shoreside a series of bearings on Take as to your marks for use as a reference boat’s position, and check them on a frequent basis to ensure your craft has not dragged her anchor. Getting Underway When you are ready to leave your taking in the anchorage, go forward slowly, anchor rode by windlass or by hand as it becomes slack. Once the boat is positioned directly above, the anchor will break out of the bottom and can be recovered on board. Setting the Anchor When you have reached just beyond where check all headway and you want to anchor, start a very slow backward movement — then, and only then, deploy your anchor. as you pay Continue to move astern slowly, out the necessary length of rode. The proper length is determined by the desired scope — the ratio of the length of the rode in use to the distance to the bottom of the Note that this is not water. just the depth of the water — it is the value plus the height of the bow above the surface. The depth of the water used in calculating scope is the greatest depth that will occur while anchored; that is, the depth at high tide. For calm conditions, a scope of five is Approaching the Anchorage is ready for Ensure all anchoring equipment an approach. If deployment prior to making the anchorage you there are other boats in a place where you have selected, look for room. Estimate will have adequate swinging other anchored the swinging circles of the other boats are lying boats — note how the speed and to any wind and current. Reduce enter the anchorage on the same heading as boats already anchored, slowing even more as you approach your chosen spot. type of anchor you will use, assuming that will use, assuming anchor you type of should the water Ideally, you have a choice. to so you will not have be deep enough at low sitting on the bottom worry about not always better. deeper is tide. However, longer the rode the the water, The deeper so the greater your swinging must be, and in water that, at its circle will be. Anchoring times the draft lowest, will be two or three if possible. of your boat is a good practice
APPENDICES 114 APPENDICES 115 . It should be evident that stowing persons to one side added high modifications (extra weight up in the structure) surface effect stability Stability be subject to heeling forces A boat may it of sources, from which from a number or suffer ability to right itself must have the a capsize. forces include: Typical • Forces generated by wind • Forces created by waves • crowding of Excessive offset load e.g. • of original stability due to Reduction • a free Excessive water in bilges creating • Flooding damage The ability of any boat to right itself is called gear and installing equipment on a boat requires consideration. Both should be as low in the boat as practical. It is an absolute necessity to make sure that neither can suddenly shift from one side of the boat to the other. under the craft designs built Recreational will have been Craft Directive Recreational assessed against an ISO stability and buoyancy standard. The essential requirements dictate that a boat must have stability and appropriate buoyancy, freeboard for the design category it is The Builders Plate mounted intended for. on the transom will include the boats maximum recommended load, indicated by the maximum number of persons and/or equipment. It is essential that craft are not overloaded. boats, take care to ensure the line is neatly and correctly stowed as it is brought on board. Do not allow it to foul items such as oarlocks, which may cause the boat to broach in the event of load coming on the anchor rode. over the forward end of a boat using a over the forward end of this is or fairlead, suitable stemhead roller, head to the essential to keep a craft’s prevailing conditions. anchor chain/line on deck prior to anchor chain/line it is flaked ensure anchor, dropping an pose a manner and does not out in a safe Be aware of the dangers hazard to crew. of chain running at to hands/fingers Also when speed out over rollers. it is quickly and recovering line, ensure the risk of promptly stowed, to avoid injury. Do not anchor by the Stern. Anchoring a Do not anchor by the Stern. may result in small boat by the stern swamping and capsize. The transom area offers less freeboard than the bow, and greater resistance to tide/weather. In a current, the force of the water can The boat is also pull the stern under. vulnerable to swamping by wave action. fuel In addition the weight of a motor, tank, or other gear in the stern increases the risk. suitably strengthened cleat, Samson post or windlass, positioned as far forward in the boat as possible. Anchor lines should not be led aft within a boat, e.g. to Thwarts, or seats, as to do so may result in the craft broaching into prevailing weather /tide conditions, and being swamped. • an anchor on small When recovering • line is deployed Always ensure an anchor • Dangers Involved in Anchoring Involved Dangers • Where out is necessary to range it • rodes should be secured to a Anchor FIG 2 FIG 3 The other point, the Centre of Buoyancy the Centre point, The other in the centre of the (CB), will be and portion of your boat, underwater the upwardly acting through which acts. buoyancy force and the CB are vertically When the CG When a boat is aligned, the boat is level. constructed, with properly designed and CG should the gear stowed correctly, place. The CB, always stay in the same any time the will change position however, because the boat begins to heel (list) boat under water amount and shape of the changes. the Centre of The distance between of Buoyancy is Gravity and the Centre The weight of the called the Righting arm. FIG 1 will be in the , which effectively moves a , which effectively , a naturally downward force that , a naturally Centre of Gravity (CG) buoyancy gravity is trying to pull the boat toward the is trying to pull earth. centre of the boat upward to the point equal to the boat upward to the point water the boat weight of the amount of is pushing out of the way. While a boat floats at its mooring, there are there at its mooring, a boat floats While at work. two basic forces • and • The Looking at a cross-section of a boat's hull, Looking at a cross-section imagine you can sitting level in the water, two theoretical points. hull space. very centre of the entire be considered to The force of gravity can act through this point.
APPENDICES 116 APPENDICES 117 Swamping The rapid filling of a boat with water as a result of poor loading and / or wave action. Poor Trim Poor sitting either too far This will result in a boat down in the water at the bow or stern depending on where the weight is positioned. If too far forward, water will be and steering will be taken over the bow, effected. If aft, there is the risk of swamping over the stern, and handling will be affected. too High Weight This will reduce stability making the boat unstable, always distribute weight as low as possible. Boat Handling Hazards Boat Overloading and a boat’s freeboard, This will reduce it can abilities, commonly affect its handling craft. and sinking on smaller result in capsize Offset Loading distributed to one Where the load is poorly stability in one side it will result in reduced the boat vulnerable direction of heel, making freeboard, and to swamping due to reduced permanent list. Such generally suffering from characteristics a craft will have its handling adversly affected. run NEVER the craft was never designed, e.g. addition of wheelhouse, seating on top of existing wheelhouses, taller rigs, in mast furling, radar sets, etc. position of CG) • Overloading • Due to structural modifications for which • Excess water in bilges or flooding (Alters Besides careful stowing, boat handling may e.g. affect a boats stability, Negative righting moments occur due to the Negative righting moments Centre of Gravity (CG) of a boat being raised above its design point, as a result of If for any reason, however, the Centre of the Centre If for any reason, however, of the Centre of Gravity should shift outside righting it creates a negative Buoyancy, going to capsize. moment and the boat is (Fig 3) As long as the upward force of buoyancy is upward force of buoyancy As long as the the boat to an upright able to return called a positive position, the situation is In this situation CG righting moment (Fig 2). is always within CB. boat is pushing down at the CG and the at the CG pushing down boat is the CB. water is pushing up at weight of the or creates a rotating force This situation is called the righting moment. motion that advice before commencing. Centre of Gravity, and seek professional Centre of Gravity, any modification to your boat that raises its righting moment. Always think twice about to the low side, will create a negative such as gear shifting or a passenger moving relatively small change during the rolling, and the CB are constantly changing. Even a side to the other, the positions of the CG side to the other, the waves cause the boat to roll from one overloaded or too small for the situation. As parallel to large waves in a boat that is The following table lists the different types table lists the different The following brief acceptable and a of PFD/lifejackets is given together with description for areas of use. suggestions and table is for guidance only The below risks appropriate persons are to assess the and select to their area of operation accordingly. personal flotation devices APPENDIX 5 APPENDIX For swimmers and non-swimmers of any age. For general offshore and For swimmers and non-swimmers of any age. For general most unconscious wearers face up in water rough weather use. Turns for use in tidal (depending on the clothing worn). These may be suitable and where the waters or when foul weather clothing is being worn to injury or wearers may not be capable of helping themselves due exhaustion. waters For swimmers of any age. For use in relatively sheltered/calm rescue. Will not and are intended for those who may have to wait for on the clothing turn unconscious wearers face up in water (depending worn). May be suitable in instances where the wearers remain capable of helping themselves. Whilst these PFDs may be less bulky than other types of PFDs, they should not be used in rough conditions or when there is wave splash. Lifejackets for sea-going ships. Intended primarily for use on seagoing Lifejackets for sea-going ships. Maritime Organisation) rules. Use for ships under IMO (International for everyday use as they are generally abandoning ship. Not intended use in abandon bulky and they need to be kept in good condition for ship situations. of significant weight For offshore use and by people who are using items Also of value to those who are and thus require additional buoyancy. affect the self- using clothing which traps air and which will adversely that the user is righting capacity of the lifejacket. Designed to ensure at an angle and with floating with his mouth and nose clear of the surface sufficient freeboard to limit mouth immersions in waves. EN 395 - 100N Type and Markings and Type Suggested Uses New Standard: I.S. EN ISO 12402-4:2006 Old Standard: New Standard: I.S. EN ISO 12402-3:2006 Old Standard: EN 396 - 150N New Standard: I.S. EN ISO 12402-2:2006 Old Standard: EN 399 - 275N New Standard: I.S. EN ISO 12402-1: 2006 Old Standard: IMO SOLAS/EU Marine Equipment Directive Types of personal flotation devices of Types (PFD/Lifejackets) device (PFD) is The term personal flotation which covers all an all-encompassing term, equipment, forms of personal protective person afloat. These intended to help keep a lifejackets through range from “CE” marked aids. to “CE” marked buoyancy PFD/LIFEJACKETS, JACKLINES & JACKLINES PFD/LIFEJACKETS, SAFETY HARNESS
APPENDICES 118 Type and Markings Suggested Uses APPENDICES Only for good swimmers and for use near to a bank or shore where help is close at hand. Requires active participation of the user. Will not hold the face of an unconscious wearer clear of the water and does not New Standard: have sufficient buoyancy to protect people who are unable to help themselves. May be suitable in circumstances where more bulky or I.S. EN ISO 12402-5:2006 buoyant devices could impair the user’s activity or actually endanger Old Standard: them. They have minimum bulk and cost, but they are of limited use in EN 393 - 50N disturbed water and cannot be expected to keep the user safe for a long period of time. Not a lifejacket. These are special purpose devices for specific needs that go beyond the These are special requirements of the average user and those that rely on the skill, purpose Lifejackets and knowledge, special training and participation of the user. This should be cover levels 50 - 275 stated clearly in the information supplied by the manufacturer of these I.S. EN ISO 12402-6:2006 items. For use when fire fighting. They are also for use with personal water craft (jet-skis), water skiing or similar towed uses and are also used for white water rafting.
Note Irish Standard (I.S.) refers to National Standards which are used to ensure uniformity and minimum standards for products and services in Ireland. Only PFDs manufactured in Ireland will have this prefix.
EuroNorm (EN) refers to European wide standards, which are used for ensuring the uniformity and minimum standards for products and services. International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) refers to International Standards which are used to ensure uniformity and minimum standards for products and services at an international level.
Before purchasing a PFD/Lifejacket Please Note: Some inflatable PFDs ensure: come provided with crotch straps and 1. The device is sufficient to give a person others are sold with the crotch strap as using it a positive buoyancy in waters an optional extra. To maximise the which are likely to be encountered where lifesaving potential of inflatable PFDs it the vessel on which it is required to be is recommended that a crotch strap (or used is reasonably likely to be. leg straps) should always be worn. For 2. The device is appropriate to the body further details see Marine Notice No’s weight of the person who is to wear it. 18 of 2006 and 7 of 2002. 3. The device has on it the CE conformity marking consisting of the initials “CE” Marine Notices are available on the taking the form of the specimen given in Department of Transport website: Annex IV of Council Directive www.transport.ie or from the Maritime 89/686/EEC of 21 December 1989 (as Safety Directorate, Department of amended by Council Directive Transport, Leeson Lane, Dublin 2. 93/68/EEC of 22 July 1993 and Council Directive 96/58/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 3 September 1996). 119 be worn over all clothing and not be worn over all clothing underneath. This is to ensure that there is sufficient space for the device to inflate and that the wearer’s breathing is not restricted. should be worn correctly to prevent them from riding up above the wearer’s shoulders, thigh straps where supplied, should be correctly fitted and adjusted. personal flotation devices with lights. These devices with flotation personal EuroNorm with the should comply lights ISO 12402-8:2006 (EN394). standard EN Guidance for Correct Use of Guidance for PFD/Lifejackets must personal flotation devices 1. Inflatable 2. PFD/lifejackets highlight concerns and Consideration should also be issues and to issues that should be considered in selecting a given to fitting deal with these PFD/lifejacket. activated devices will inflate and those of this limitation. type must be aware manually activated who have the automatically have attempted to work being carried work being time work, type of time work, out, ease of use etc. In this section we the water, only the water, Inflatable PFD/lifejackets such as those complying with I.S. EN ISO 12402-3:2006 (EN396) and I.S. EN ISO 12402-2:2006 (EN 399) are lightweight and less restrictive and can be worn comfortably in both warm and They can also be fitted with cold weather. automatic inflation devices and may turn the wearer face upwards in the water, depending on clothing worn. If the wearer is unconscious when entering Notes for Selection of PFD/Lifejackets for Selection Notes a of PFD/Lifejackets is The selection on many and it is dependent complex issue the as area of operation for factors such day variations, night and vessel, seasonal
APPENDICES 120 APPENDICES 121 Images courtesy of Crewsaver from stainless steel wire, which has the from stainless steel wire, tendency to get underfoot and trip crew members. On many yachts they have been replaced with a webbing strap, which has the advantage of not as readily tripping up crew members. polypropylene or blended synthetic fibres. The weakness they have is that they degrade with ultra violet light and weathering and have been known to fail when a load comes on them. in doubt cut them in half and have them replaced with new ones which are relatively inexpensive.
Lifelines / Jackstays familiar with Offshore sailors will be that run fore jackstays or webbing straps length of the boat and aft over most of the most operations to allow crew to complete attached by their on deck, while remaining harness. points in relation to There are a number of jackstays to be aware of: • is made The more conventional type • are normally made from They • should be tested each season and if They Jacklines & Safety Harnesses & Safety Jacklines Image courtesy of Crewsaver of courtesy Image ensuring that the gas cartridges have not ensuring that the gas cartridges that the been punctured, or unscrewed, webbing straps zips, buckles, fasteners and and that lights, if are functioning correctly fitted, are functioning. which operate by means of a soluble which operate by means error if left in a bobbin, may activate in inflatable damp condition. When being worn they PFD/lifejackets are not should be hung to dry vertically to ensure that all moisture drains away from the bobbin. Covers are available which reduce the problem of accidental inflation. operation of their inflatable of their operation both manually and PFD/lifejackets automatically. in and maintained checked regularly with the manufacturer’saccordance instructions. PFD/Lifejackets are also available for babies. 6. Automatically inflatable PFD/lifejackets, 6. Automatically inflatable 5. As a minimum, checks should include 5. As a minimum, checks 3. Wearers should be fully familiar with the familiar with be fully should 3. Wearers PFD/lifejackets must be 4. Inflatable 1 Sea is mirrorlike : Under : Calm (knots) Wind speed broadcast on national radio stations. In broadcast on national radio waters is addition a service for inland waterways. also broadcast for the major forecasts for local waters. craft warnings issued. charge service for detailed sea area forecasts. www.meteireann.ie announced on VHF Ch 16 and broadcast on Ch 26. Marinas will post a copy of the current local sea area forecast. printed forecast in addition to navigation information. Wind description Sea state: Small Craft Warnings Small Craft issue during summer Small craft warnings 5. winds exceed force months when always be forecasts should Weather and can be checked prior to departure sources: obtained from the following • - shipping forecasts are National Radio • Channels. National Television • stations will broadcast Local Radio • 163 including any small p. 162, Teletext • Eireann offer a & fax - Met Telephone • - Met Eireann web page – Internet • - generally Coast Guard Radio • Clubs and Harbour Offices, Yacht • receivers on board provide a Navtex APPENDIX 6 APPENDIX BEAUFORT FORCE 0 BEAUFORT Forecasts and Warnings Warnings Forecasts and small regularly forecasts for Met Eireann including in coastal waters, boats operating the expected wind essential information on the state of the sea direction and strength, changes expected and and swell, visibility, Forecasts are during the forecast period. for the issued in the early morning midnight, at remainder of the day until of the day and the about midday for the rest late afternoon for and in the following day, Check well day. that night and the following trip – you can get an ahead of your planned weather pattern idea of the changes in the 24 hours or longer from the forecasts issued before you leave shore. Strong wind warnings are issued whenever winds of 25 knots or more are expected. The direction and strength of the wind, sea and swell information and an indication of expected developments are also given. Gale or storm warnings are issued when the wind is expected to reach Beaufort Scale Force 8 (34 knots). WEATHER & SEA STATES WEATHER
APPENDICES 122 APPENDICES 123 Moderate waves, Small wavelets, crests Large wavelets, crests Small waves, becoming Ripples with : 17-21 : 4-6 :7-10 : 11-16 : 1-3 : Breeze Fresh : Light Breeze : Gentle Breeze : Breeze Moderate : Light Airs (knots) (knots) (knots) (knots) (knots) Wind speed Wind speed Wind speed Wind speed Wind speed Wind speed Wind description Sea state: Wind description Sea state: Wind description Sea state: Wind description Sea state: Wind description Sea state: taking longer form, many whitecaps, some spray beginning to break, scattered whitecaps beginning to break, scattered beginning to break, scattered whitecaps numerous whitecaps longer, appearance of scales, no foam crests appearance BEAUFORT FORCE 5 BEAUFORT BEAUFORT FORCE 4 BEAUFORT BEAUFORT FORCE 3 BEAUFORT BEAUFORT FORCE 2 BEAUFORT BEAUFORT FORCE 1 FORCE BEAUFORT Very high waves with Very Sea heaps up, white Moderately high waves High waves, sea begins Larger waves forming, Larger waves : 48-55 : 28-33 : 34-40 : 41-47 : 22-27 : Storm : Near Gale : Gale : Gale Strong : Strong Breeeze (knots) (knots) (knots) (knots) (knots) Wind speed Wind speed Wind speed Wind speed Wind speed Wind speed Wind description Sea state: Wind description Sea state: Wind description Sea state: Wind description Sea state: Wind description Sea state: overhanging crests, sea takes on white appearance, foam blown in dense streaks, visibility reduced rolling is heavy, foam form breaking waves begins to be foam form breaking waves blown in streaks of greater length, edges of crests begin to break into spindrift, foam is blown into well defined streaks to roll, dense streaks of foam, spray begins to reduce visibility whitecaps everywhere, much spray whitecaps everywhere, BEAUFORT FORCE 10 BEAUFORT BEAUFORT FORCE 9 BEAUFORT BEAUFORT FORCE 8 BEAUFORT BEAUFORT FORCE 7 BEAUFORT BEAUFORT FORCE 6 FORCE BEAUFORT
APPENDICES 124 APPENDICES 125 Attention should also be paid to marine Attention should issued by harbour related notices local authorities, the authorities, Lights and Commissioner of Irish Ireland. Waterways APPENDIX 7 APPENDIX MARINE NOTICES Safety Directorate publishes The Maritime These throughout the year. Marine Notices information regarding contain pertinent A selection of vessel safety and navigation. found at relevant Notices can be www.transport.ie Irish Canoe Union Sport HQ Joyce Way West Park Dublin 12 Telephone: Fax: Email: [email protected] www.irishcanoeunion.com Website: +353 (0)1 6251105 Irish Coast Guard HQ Leeson Lane Dublin 2 6251106 +353 (0)1 Telephone: Fax: Email: [email protected] 1890 443 311 678 2269 +353 (0)1 Irish Amateur Rowing Union Ltd. Irish Amateur Rowing Sport HQ Block 13 Joyce Way Business Park Parkwest Nagor Road Dublin 12 Telephone: Fax: Email: [email protected] www.iaru.ie Website: +353 (0)1 625 1130 +353 (0)1 625 1131 Inland Waterways Association of Ireland Association of Inland Waterways (IWAI) Park 2 Kylemore Hill Taylor’s Galway Telephone:Lo-CallEmail:Website: +353-91-589333 1890 924911 [email protected] www.iwai.ie APPENDIX 8 APPENDIX Department of Transport Department CONTACT DETAILS CONTACT Maritime Safety Directorate Maritime Safety Note: Provision of forecasts is subject to a fee Note: Provision General Forecast Office Telephone: Fax: Email: [email protected] +353 (0)1 8064255 +353 (0)1 8064275 Commissioners of Irish Lights Street 16 Lower Pembroke Dublin 2 Ireland Telephone: Fax: Email: [email protected] www.cil.ie Website: +353 (0)1 632 1900 +353 (0)1 632 1946 78A Patrick Street 78A Patrick Dun Laoghaire Co. Dublin Telephone: Fax:Email: [email protected] Website +353 (0)1 2844601 www.scubaireland.com +353 (0)1 2844602 Comhairle Fo-Thuinn Irish Underwater Council Bord Iascaigh Mhara Bord Iascaigh Box No. 12 P.O. Crofton Road Dun Laoghaire Co. Dublin Telephone: Fax: [email protected] Email: www.bim.ie Website: (0)1 214 4100 +353 +353 (0)1 284 1123
APPENDICES 126 APPENDICES 127 Maritime Radio Affairs Unit Maritime Radio Department of Transport 503 Room Leeson Lane Dublin 2 Telephone: Fax:Email: [email protected] Affairs Unit (Clare) Maritime Radio Department of Transport St Francis 1890 443 311 Ennis Co. Clare +353 (0)1 6783109 Telephone:Fax:Email: [email protected] +353 (0)65 6865699 +353 (0)65 6865975 Marine Survey Office (Dublin) Department of Transport Leeson Lane Dublin 2 Telephone: Fax:Email: [email protected] 1890 443 311 +353 (0)1 872 3409 Marine Survey Office (Ballyshannon) Survey Office Marine of Transport Department Council Building Town Abbeyview Ballyshannon Donegal Telephone:Fax: Email: +353 (0)71 982 2400 Marine Survey Office (Cork) Department of Transport Government Buildings Quay Sullivan’s Cork Telephone: Fax:Email: +353 (0)21 496 8992 [email protected] +353 (0)21 496 8617 Irish Windsurfing Association www.windsurfing.ie Website: Website: www.iwsf.ie Website: Irish Water Ski Federation Irish Water Telephone: Telephone: Lo-Call: Fax: Email: [email protected] www.iws.ie Website: +353 (0)91 564400 1890 420202 (24 Hours) +353 (0)91 564700 Irish Water Safety Irish Water The Long Walk Galway Telephone: Telephone: Fax: Email: [email protected] www.isasurf.ie Website: (0)96 49428 +353 +353 (0)96 49428 Irish Surfing Association Easkey House Easkey Co. Sligo Irish Sea Kayaking Association Irish Sea Kayaking Website: www.irishseakayakingassociation.com Telephone: Telephone: Fax: Email: www.sailing.ie Website: +353 (0)1 2800239 +353 (0)1 2807558 [email protected] Website: www.coastalrowing.net Website: Association Irish Sailing Road 3 Park Dun Laoghaire Co. Dublin Irish Coastal Rowing Federation Ltd Federation Rowing Irish Coastal Waterways Ireland Waterways The Inspector of Navigation Ireland Waterways The Docks Athlone Co.Westmeath Telephone: Fax: Email: www.waterwaysireland.org Website: +353 (0)90 6494232 [email protected] 6494147 +353 (0)90 15 Windsor Terrace 15 Windsor Dun Laoghaire Co Dublin Telephone: Fax: www.rnli.ie Website: Office) Scouting Ireland (Head +353 (0)1 2845050 Scouting Ireland Larch Hill Dublin 16 284 5052 +353 (0)1 Telephone: Fax: [email protected] Email: www.scouts.ie Website: +353 (0)1 4956300 +353 (0)1 4956301 R.N.L.I. www.met.ie/marine/seaareaforecasts.asp Met Éireann Headquarters Glasnevin Hill Dublin 9 Telephone: Fax: Email: [email protected] Website: (0)1 8064200 +353 +353 (0)1 8064247 Department of Transport Government Buildings Quay Sullivan’s Cork Telephone: Fax:Email: +353 (0)21 496 8989 [email protected] +353 (0)21 496 8617 Mercantile Marine Office (Cork) Mercantile Marine Office Mercantile Marine Office (Dublin) Mercantile Marine Office Depatment of Transport Leeson Lane Dublin 2 Telephone: Fax:[email protected] Email: 1890 443 311 +353 (0)1 678 3489 Maritime Safety Division Safety Maritime of Transport Department Leeson Lane Dublin 2 Telephone:Fax:[email protected] Email: 1890 443 311 678 3419 +353 (0)1
APPENDICES 128 APPENDICES 129 Western Regional Fisheries Board Regional Western Lodge The Weir Earl's Island Galway Telephone: Fax: Email: [email protected] www.wrfb.ie Website: +353 (0)91 563118 +353 (0)91 566335 Southern Regional Fisheries Board Southern Regional Anglsea Street Clonmel Co. Tipperary Telephone: Fax: Email: [email protected] www.srfb.ie/ Website: (0)52 23624 + 353 + 353 (0)52 23971 Shannon Regional Fisheries Board Fisheries Shannon Regional Park Ashbourne Business Dock Road Limerick Telephone: Fax: Email: [email protected] www.shannon-fishery-board.ie Website: +353 (0)61 300238 Board Fisheries Regional South Western 1 Nevilles Terrace Masseytown, Macroom 300308 + 353 (0)61 County Cork Telephone: Fax: [email protected] Email: www.swrfb.com Website: +353 (0)26 41221 +353 (0)26 41223 FISHERY BOARDS FISHERY Telephone: Telephone: Fax: Email: [email protected] www.nrfb.ie Website: +353 (0)71 9851435 +353 (0)71 9851816 Northern Regional Fisheries Board Northern Regional Station Road Ballyshannon Co. Donegal Telephone: Telephone: Fax: Email: [email protected] www.northwestfisheries.ie Website: +353 (0)96 22623 +353 (0)96 70543 Abbey Street Ballina Co Mayo North Western Regional Fisheries Board Regional North Western Telephone: Telephone: Fax: Email: [email protected] www.fishingireland.net Website: (0)1 2787022 +353 +353 (0)1 2787025 Eastern Regional Fisheries Board Eastern Regional 15a Main Street Blackrock Co. Dublin Telephone: Telephone: Fax: [email protected] Email: www.cfb.ie Website: (0)1 8842 600 +353 +353 (0)1 8360 060 Central Fisheries Board Central Fisheries Business Campus Unit 4, Swords Balheary Road Swords County Dublin Council) Council) • Irish Sailing Association • Association Irish Sailing • Association Irish Sailing • (Irish Underwater Fo-Thuinn Comhairle APPENDIX 9 APPENDIX Chapter Eleven: Emergency Procedures • Marine Survey Office Contact the WindsurfingChapter Seven: Canoeing/KayakingChapter Eight: Rowing • • Association Irish Windsurfing Irish Canoe Union • Union Irish Amateur Rowing Chapter Five: (Jet Skis) Watercraft Personal Chapter Six: • Irish Sailing Association Chapter Three: OperationSail & Motorcraft – Coastal Chapter Four: • (Irish Underwater Fo-Thuinn Comhairle WaterwaysSail & Motorcraft – Inland • Association of Ireland Inland Waterways (see appendix 8 for full contact details) (see appendix Chapter Two: Sailing Dinghies • Irish Sailing Association LIST OF COURSE PROVIDERS PROVIDERS LIST OF COURSE
APPENDICES 130 APPENDICES 131 placed on the EEA market after 16 June placed on the EEA market 1998. for the first time, third countries placed, third countries on the EEA market from after 16 June 1998. been placed on 4m in length that have 1 January 2006. the EEA market as from third countries placed, for the first time, on the EEA market from third countries as from 1 January 2006. • in All recreational craft manufactured • of less than All new personal watercraft • personal watercraft manufactured in All A boat owner who has bought a new boat or a used boat in a third country and returns the boat by whatever means to the EEA territory and places that boat into service, for the first time in the EEA, will be subject to the requirements of the Directive. APPENDIX 10 APPENDIX RECREATIONAL CRAFT DIRECTIVE – CRAFT DIRECTIVE RECREATIONAL ADVICE ON BUYING A RECREATIONAL CRAFT ON BUYING A RECREATIONAL ADVICE – 24m in length, regardless of their means of propulsion that have been The EEA consists of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, The EEA consists of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, 1 • All new recreational craft between 2.5m The Directive applies to: The Directives are beneficial for consumers, as they require craft to meet essential health, environmental protection and safety, consumer protection requirements. In 2004 the European Communities 1998, Regulations, Craft) (Recreational were amended by the European Craft) Communities (Recreational 2004. The main (Amendment) Regulations purpose of this amendment is to include harmonised provisions on exhaust gas and noise emissions from engines. Personal (Jet Skis) are covered by the Watercraft Directive from January 1st 2006. Since June 1998 all recreational craft, new Since June 1998 all recreational Area (EEA) to the European Economic of European must meet the requirements Craft) Communities (Recreational 1998, which implement the EU Regulations, Craft Directive (RCD). The Recreational is tasked to the Directive’s application Maritime Safety Directorate. Advice to members of the public on the of the public Advice to members craft purchasing of recreational Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Greece, Hungary, Germany, Finland, France, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Romania, Portugal, Poland, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom. n e(s) n gi ts of fixed n load n m tificatio te d e u r n n m axi - Designed full m n ded n ass of the co y e r e ks whe m m s capacity n a n n ass of the outboa - Designed for offshore - Designed mm ta so 's m r - Designed for voyages in - Designed r r g the catego d Notified Body's ide eco e n r r n n
pe m m (if applicable) g the k a r u u d wate r n n m m be ufactu n m cludi u n n CE Ma but excludi fuel a Maxi i Maxi Boat desig Ma Boats in each Category must be designed and constructed to withstand these parameters in respect of stability, and other relevant essential buoyancy, requirements. B. ‘OFFSHORE’ B. ‘OFFSHORE’ C. ‘INSHORE’ WATERS’ D. ‘SHELTERED coastal waters, large bays, estuaries, lakes coastal waters, large bays, up to, and and rivers where conditions and significant wave including, wind force 6 2m may be heights up to, and including, experienced. voyages where conditions up to, and voyages where wave force 8 and significant including, wind be and including, 4m may heights up to, experienced. for voyages on sheltered coastal waters, for voyages on sheltered rivers, and canals small bays, small lakes, and including, wind when conditions up to, heights up to, force 4 and significant wave be experienced, and including, 0.3m may with occasional waves of 0.5m maximum height, for example from passing vessels. - Designed for extended BUILDER’S PLATE The Four Boat Design Categories are as follows: A. ‘OCEAN’ 1. & 2. & PLATE BUILDER’S CE MARK first used in the EU Every new boat sold or have a builder’ssince 16 June 1998 must maker’splate. This plate has the details and technical information such as the design maximum loading weight and category, It must also have the CE engine power. mark. should ensure that the boat/PWC comes that the boat/PWC should ensure items: the following five equipped with 1. Builder’s plate 2. CE mark 3. Craft identification number 4. Owner’s manual 5. Declaration(s) of conformity Anyone considering buying considering Anyone • craft Recreational • completed boat Partly • (PWC) watercraft Personal voyages where conditions may exceed wind force 8 (Beaufort scale) and significant wave heights of 4m and above, but excluding abnormal conditions, and vessels largely self-sufficient.
APPENDICES 132 APPENDICES 133 pedalos powered surfboards hydrofoils before 1950 and historical craft designed original built predominantly from materials the Community subsequently placed on market are not subsequently placed on the Community market within five years of being put into service and to carry passengers for commercial purposes enforcement officials can ask to see it. officials can ask to see enforcement For more information contact: Maritime Safety Directorate Dept. of Transport Leeson Lane, Dublin 2, Ireland + 353 1 678 3434 Tel. Fax. + 353 1 678 3419 Email: [email protected] PLEASE NOTE THIS ADVICE IS PLEASE NOTE THIS ADVICE BASIC DESIGNED TO PROVIDE IT IS NOT A COMPLETE GUIDANCE. OF THE STATEMENT AUTHORITATIVE LAW. Craft excluded from the Directive Craft excluded craft are excluded: The following •solely for racing Craft intended • gondolas and Canoes and kayaks, • and Sailboards, sailing surfboards • vehicles and Submersibles, aircushion • of Original, and individual replicas • they are not Experimental craft provided • Craft built for own use, provided they • specifically intended to be crewed Craft IE ABC 12345 D 3 01 (Ireland) Identity Code B= February etc.) Attached to the owner’s manual is a document called the Declaration of This is a legal document signed Conformity. or his authorized by the manufacturer, agent, stating that the craft meets all the requirements. This is an important document, particularly if the craft is to be used or taken into other Member States as 5. DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY 5. DECLARATION 4. OWNER’S MANUAL Every new craft must have an owner’s manual. It contains the instructions and information essential to the safe use and maintenance of the craft. It should also contain all the instructions and manuals for any equipment fitted. 01 Model year (2001) IEABC was built Country where boat Manufacturer’s/Notified Body 12345 Serial Number D3 Month of Manufacture (A= January, of Manufacture (2003) Year The CIN contains the following information: The CIN contains the following The Craft Identification Number or CIN is Number or The Craft Identification craft. It is a code that unique to each country of manufacturer, identifies the The and date of construction. manufacture, the starboard of CIN is located on or near and must be the transom near the top permanently attached. 3.NUMBER IDENTIFICATION CRAFT (CIN) APPENDIX 11 APPENDIX amended. services. Search and Rescue is available coast radio station in which continuous DSC alerting (approx. 30 nautical miles from a coast station). in which coverage of at least one MF coast radio station nautical miles continuous DSC alerting is available (approx. 150 from a coast station). geo-stationary satellite in which continuous an INMARSAT alerting is available (70°N to 70°S approx). COSPAS/SARSAT COSPAS/SARSAT CQR distress and alert information to A satellite system to provide DCMNRDSCEPIRB anchor. “secure”. A plough Pronounce GMDSS Department of Communications, Marine & Natural Resources. GMDSS Sea Area A1 of GMDSS). Digital Selective Calling, (part An area within the radiotelephone coverage or at least on VHF Beacon. Indicating Radio Emergency Position GMDSS Sea Area A2 Maritime Distress & Safety System. Global An area, excluding Sea Area A1, within the radiotelephone GMDSS Sea Area A3 An area, excluding sea areas A1 and A2, within the coverage of GPSHRUHFIALA System – U.S. satellite navigation system. Positioning Global Unit. Hydrostatic Release High Frequency International Association of Lightouse Authorities. AHCClass XII BoatsCOLREGS in length. craft greater than 13.7m Recreational Ampere Hertz Capacity Collisions at Sea, as for Preventing Regulations The International GLOSSARY OF TERMS GLOSSARY
APPENDICES 134 APPENDICES 135 Transport Directorate. is the UN specialised maritime agency. It is responsible for It is responsible maritime agency. is the UN specialised pollution of the marine and prevention by maritime safety international co-operation It provides a forum for environment. international shipping and as the regulation of on such issues navigation efficiency. the estuaries, rivers, lakes and other the territorial seas and or not artificially created or modified) of inland waters (whether the State. NRT Net Registered Tonnes. Registered NAVTEXNRT Net Marine Safety Information service, via dedicated telex receiver. MSD Maritime Safety Directorate – a division of the Department of MOBMSO Man Overboard. Marine Survey Office – a division of the MSD. MMSI Maritime Mobile Service Identity. MF Frequency. Medium MED Marine Equipment Directive (Wheel mark). Marine NoticeMARPOL Advisory or guidance notices issued by the Maritime Safety convention of the IMO. Pollution Marine LSA Appliances. Life Saving LOA Length overall of vessel. Irish waters the territorial sea, the waters on the landward side of Includes ISA Irish Sailing Association. INMARSAT Satellite communications. IWSA Safety Association. Irish Water IMO London and International Maritime Organisation – this is based in ”partially smooth” waters around the coast of Ireland. waters around ”partially smooth” of its kind. It convention was one of the first international treaties disaster in was formed and ratified as a reaction to the Titanic 1914, where 1500 people lost their lives. Directives and European Union incorporating national law, conventions. obligations under various international maritime ”smooth” waters around the coast of Ireland. water in a Marine Notice. Partially Smooth Waters Smooth Partially of Notice which identify areas defined via Marine Areas of coast PFDPLBPWCPleasure Craft Floatation Device. Personal RCD CraftRecreational Locator Beacon. Personal craft. See recreational (jetskis). Watercraft Personal RNLI for leisure or sport purposes. used Vessels RYA Craft Directive. Recreational SARSART National Lifeboat Institution. Royal SOLAS Association. Yachting Royal sea and air rescue. services incorporating cliff, Search and Rescue SI Transponder. Radar Search and Rescue Statutory Requirements IMO Safety of Life at Sea Convention 1974 / 78 as amended. This and Irish legislation comprising of Acts and Statutory Instruments Smooth Waters Statutory Instruments (Secondary Legislation). Sea To Areas of coast defined via a Marine Notice which identify areas of VHFVTS smooth” All sea areas not defined as “smooth” or “partially Frequency High Very System Traffic Vessel
APPENDICES 136 Code of Practice for: Code of Practice for:
THE CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE SAFE OPERATION OF RECREATIONAL CRAFT THE SAFE OPERATION OF RECREATIONAL CRAFT has been developed to establish THE SAFE OPERATION OF RECREATIONAL CRAFT standards of safety and protection for all users of recreational craft. The Code sets out best practice for various types of recreational craft including vessel standards, equipment, safety operations, emergency procedures and current legislative requirements.
MaritimeMaritime SafetySafety DirectorateDirectorate
Price: €2.00 && IrishIrish CoastCoast GuardGuard