Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2015) 39: 279-284 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1312-45

Cryptinae (: ) fauna of Province of central

1, 2 2 Hossein BARAHOEI *, Elham NADER , Ehsan RAKHSHANI 1 Agricultural Research Institute, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran 2 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

Received: 25.12.2013 Accepted: 02.07.2014 Published Online: 27.02.2015 Printed: 27.03.2015

Abstract: A survey on the fauna of the Cryptinae of Isfahan Province was carried out in the summer of 2012. Specimens were collected using Malaise traps and sweeping nets. Nine species belonging to 9 genera of Cryptinae occurring in Isfahan Province were collected and identified. Among them, 7 species have been recorded from Iran previously. These species are Cryptus inculcator (Linnaeus, 1758); Dichrogaster saharator (Aubert, 1964); areator (Panzer, 1804); (Gravenhorst, 1829); Mesostenus transfuga Gravenhorst, 1829; Stilpnus gagates (Gravenhorst, 1807); and Trychosis priesneri Rossem, 1971. laevigatus (Gravenhorst, 1820) and Zoophthorus plumbeus (Thomson, 1884) are new records for the fauna of Iran. The Zoophthorus is recorded here for the first time from Iran as well as from Asia. All recorded species, except M. transfuga, are new records for Isfahan Province.

Key words: Cryptinae, distribution, Mesoleptus laevigatus, Zoophthorus plumbeus, new record

1. Introduction Cryptinae from Isfahan Province, located in the central The subfamily Cryptinae is the largest group of part of Iran. A brief diagnosis is presented for the newly Ichneumonidae, with 397 genera in the world (Yu et al., recorded species. 2012). Members of this subfamily are usually parasitoids of cocoons of . They also parasitize other taxa 2. Materials and methods of Ichneumonoidea, Neuroptera, Arachnida, Diptera, Ichneumonid specimens were collected using Malaise Trichoptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera (Townes, traps and sweeping nets at various locations in Isfahan 1970). The most common hosts of Cryptinae are pupae or Province during June–November 2012. The specimens prepupae of endopterygote enclosed in cocoons or were extracted from the Malaise traps at weekly intervals. inside plant tissues. However, there are some endoparasitic The collected specimens were then transferred into 96% species in the subtribes Hedycryptina, Phygadeuontina, ethanol, dried on filter paper, and mounted. The same and Stilpnina. Some species parasitize the egg sacs of procedures were performed with the swept materials. other like Pseudoscorpionida and Araneae, The external morphology of specimens was studied and many of them can develop as secondary parasitoids using a Nikon SMZ645 stereomicroscope. Identification (Goulet and Huber, 1993). Many species are idiobiont was performed based on the diagnostic characters ectoparasitoids, and some genera also contain koinobiont presented in previous keys and descriptions (Rossem, endoparasitoids (Wahl, 1993). Until now, 99 species from 1969; Townes, 1970; Horstmann, 1986, 1991; Jussila et al., the subfamily Cryptinae have been recorded from Iran 2010). Identification of some species was made by Martin (Barahoei et al., 2012; Ghahari and Schwarz, 2012), of Schwarz and Matthias Riedel. which only 2 species, Mesostenus transfuga Gravenhorst, The specimens were deposited in the Collection 1829 and Synechocryptus sanguinolentus (Gravenhorst, of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol (FAUOZ). 1829), have already been recorded from Isfahan Province Nomenclature and distribution data are mainly taken from (Kolarov and Ghahari, 2007; Barahoei et al., 2012). Yu et al. (2012). In this paper we present new information about the The list of the taxa is arranged alphabetically, and the occurrence of some species belonging to the subfamily newly recorded species are marked with an asterisk. * Correspondence: [email protected] 279 BARAHOEI et al. / Turk J Zool

3. Results Gelis areator (Panzer, 1804) Nine species belonging to 9 genera in total were collected Material examined: 6♂♂, Malaise trap, , and identified, of which 1 genus and 2 species are 20-VIII-2012; 6♂♂, Malaise trap, Ardestan, 06-X-2012; newly recorded for the fauna of Iran. All species except 1♂, Malaise trap, , 02-VII-2012; 1♀ and 5♂♂, Mesostenus transfuga are new records for Isfahan Province. Malaise trap, Tiran, 22-VI-2012. 3.1. Tribe Cryptini Kirby, 1837 Distribution in Iran: Not exactly defined (Haeselbarth, 1985). Cryptus inculcator (Linnaeus, 1758) General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Material examined: 1♀ and 5♂♂, Malaise trap, Belgium, , China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Najafabad, 02-VII-2012; 2♀♀, swept on Medicago sativa England, Finland, France, Germany, , Hungary, Iran, L., Nazhvan, 27-X-2012; 1♂, Malaise trap, Tiran, 19-VI- Ireland, , Japan, Korea, Latvia, , Macedonia, 2012. Moldova, Montenegro, , New Zealand, Distribution in Iran: Alborz (Masnadi and Jussila, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, South 2008), Sistan and Baluchestan (Barahoei et al., 2012, 2013; Africa, , Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine (Yu et al., Firuzi Jahantighi et al., 2012), (Zarepour et al., 2008). 2012), Turkey (Okyar et al., 2012). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Lysibia nana (Gravenhorst, 1829) Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, England, Material examined: 1♀, swept on aquatic plants, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Hoyeh, 14-VI-2012; 2♀♀, swept on Medicago sativa L., Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, , 07-XI-2012; 3♀♀, swept on M. sativa L., Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Filour, 28-IX-2012; 4♂♂, swept on M. sativa L., Hoyeh, Ukraine, Uzbekistan (Yu et al., 2012). 14-VI-2012; 3♀♀, swept on Medicago sativa L., Nazhvan, Mesostenus transfuga Gravenhorst, 1829 27-X-2012. Material examined: 1♀, Malaise trap, Falavarjan, 02- Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Kolarov and VI-2012; 1♀, Malaise trap, Hoyeh, 04-VI-2012. Ghahari, 2007), Qazvin (Ghahari and Schwarz, 2012). Distribution in Iran: , Guilan, Isfahan, Khorasan- General distribution: Afghanistan, Austria, Azerbaijan, e-Razavi, Mazandaran (Kolarov and Ghahari, 2007), Azores, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Islands, China, Qazvin (Ghahari and Schwarz, 2012). Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Finland, France, General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Azores, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Islands, Czech Latvia, Lithuania, Madeira Islands, Moldova, Morocco, Republic, Egypt, England, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Poland, Portugal, Turkey, United States, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (Yu et al., 2012). Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Mesoleptus laevigatus (Gravenhorst, 1820)* (Figures Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine (Yu et al., 2012). 1A–1H and 2) Trychosis priesneri Rossem, 1971 Material examined: 3♂♂, swept on Medicago sativa L., Material examined: 2♂♂, Malaise trap, Falavarjan, 19- Filour, 28-IX-2012. VI-2012. Diagnosis: Frons usually punctured (Figure 1B), Distribution in Iran: Sistan and Baluchestan (Barahoei flagellum (in male specimens) with at least 4 tyloids, usually et al., 2012). 3 long and 1 short (Figure 1D), forewing (Figure 1H) with General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, vein 2m–cu with 2 bullae, hind wing (Figure 2) with vein France, Greece, Poland, Switzerland, Turkey, Yugoslavia m+cu fully pigmented, first metasomal tergite (Figures 1E and 1G) without distinct lateral carinae, metasoma (Figure (Yu et al., 2012). 2) compressed, second tergite short, at most twice as long 3.2. Tribe Förster, 1869 as wide, lateral crease separating epipleurum from tergite 2 Dichrogaster saharator (Aubert, 1964) present, extending from base to apex of the tergite (Jussila Material examined: 1♂, swept on Poaceae, Falavarjan, et al., 2010). 07-XI-2012; 2♀♀, swept on Phragmites australis, Hoyeh, Distribution in Iran: New record for Iran. 14-VI-2012. General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Distribution in Iran: , Fars, Khuzestan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Mazandaran, , Zanjan (Kolarov and Ghahari, 2007), Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Sistan and Baluchestan (Kolarov and Ghahari, 2007; Firuzi Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Jahantighi et al., 2012; Barahoei et al., 2013). Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, General distribution: Algeria, Bulgaria, Iran, Israel, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine (Yu Turkey (Yu et al., 2012). et al., 2012).

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Figure 1. The external morphology of male specimen of Mesoleptus laevigatus (Gravenhorst): A- Dorsal view of head; B- frontal view of head; C- propodeum; D- antenna; E- lateral view of , propodeum, and first segment of gaster; F- mesoscutum; G: lateral view of propodeum and first segment of gaster; H- forewing.

Figure 2. Mesoleptus laevigatus (Gravenhorst), lateral view of male specimen.

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Stilpnus gagates (Gravenhorst, 1807) Diagnosis: Clypeus bulging very strongly, mandibles Material examined: 2♂♂, Malaise trap, Nazhvan, 11- subbasally curved a little (Figure 3B), notauli almost VI-2012. reaching to the middle of mesoscutum (Figure 3F), Distribution in Iran: Sistan and Baluchestan (Firuzi pronotum dorsally without longitudinal keel, epomia absent Jahantighi et al., 2012). or weakly indicated by a small wrinkle, postpectal carinae General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Azores, wide, interrupted before coxa, dorsolateral longitudinal Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Canary Islands, Chile, Czech carinae of the first segment of metasoma entirely absent, dorsal carinae of tergite 1 missing, tergite 2 (Figure 4) Republic, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Germany, very finely and densely punctate, smooth, hind margin Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Moldova, Mongolia, thickened, epipleurum of tergite 2 of females 3–4 times as Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, long as wide, slender in the male, slightly longer than tergite Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United States (Yu et 1, ovipositor tip dorsally convex, length of ovipositor sheath al., 2012). longer than the first segment of gaster (Horstmann, 1991). Zoophthorus plumbeus (Thomson, 1884)* (Figures Distribution in Iran: Genus and species are new 3A–3G and 4) records for Iran as well as for Asia. Material examined: 3♂♂, Malaise trap, Hoyeh, 04- General distribution: Czech Republic, England, VI-2012; 1♂, swept on Medicago sativa L., Nazhvan, 21- Finland, Germany, Hungary, Slovakia, Sweden, United X-2012. Kingdom (Yu et al., 2012).

Figure 3. The external morphology of male specimen of Zoophthorus plumbeus (Thomson): A- Dorsal view of head; B- frontal view of head; C- propodeum; D- antenna; E- lateral view of head, thorax, propodeum, and first segment of gaster; F- mesoscutum; G- forewing.

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Figure 4. Zoophthorus plumbeus (Thomson), lateral view of male specimen.

4. Discussion Although there are a considerable number of records A short-term sampling led to the discovery of 9 species for the host associations of some Cryptinae (Gauld and belonging to Cryptinae. Among them, Mesoleptus Hanson, 1995), very little is known about their biology laevigatus and Zoophthorus plumbeus are new records and seasonal occurrence. The discrete and overall nature for the fauna of Iran. Mesoleptus laevigatus has a wide of the sampling methods could be the major reason for distribution in the Palearctic and Oriental regions (Yu dominance of the male specimens, which complicated identification. Further appraisal sampling in the same et al., 2012). Z. plumbeus was hitherto only known from regions, as well as in other areas in the central part of Europe (Yu et al., 2012); thus, it is a new record for Iran Iran, is necessary to find a more complete assemblage of as well as for Asia. Only 2 species, Mesostenus transfuga Cryptinae in this region. and Synechocryptus sanguinolentus, have previously been recorded from Isfahan Province (Barahoei et al., 2012). Acknowledgments With the addition of the new records, the number of We express our gratitude to Dr Martin Schwarz (Kirchschlag, Cryptinae recorded from Iran has been increased to 101 Austria) and Dr Matthias Riedel (Klinik Fallingbostel, species, which clearly represents a very small portion of Bad Fallingbostel, Germany) for the identification of the known Cryptinae in the Palearctic region. some specimens. This work was supported by Project No. 9201003 of Agricultural Research, University of Zabol.

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