South Taranaki Water Supplies Monitoring Programme Annual Report 2012-2013 Technical Report 2013-65

ISSN: 0114-8184 (Print) Taranaki Regional Council ISSN: 1178-1467 (Online) Private Bag 713 Document: 1239752 (Word) Document: 1268771 (Pdf) STRATFORD

November 2013

Executive summary

The South Taranaki District Council (STDC) operates a total of 11 water supply schemes throughout the district. STDC holds 39 resource consents which include conditions setting out the requirements that must be satisfied. STDC holds 187consents to take water, 11 consents to discharge to both land and water, and 12 consents to construct and maintain in- stream structures.

Oaonui Water Supply Limited (OWSL) operates the Oaonui Water Supply scheme. It took the scheme over from STDC in September 2000. OWSL holds two resource consents which include a total of 15 conditions setting out requirements that must be satisfied. OWSL holds one consent to abstract water and one consent to maintain an in-stream structure.

The Nukumaru Water Scheme Society Incorporated [NWSSI] operates a rural water supply scheme. The original consent (now surrendered) to take surface water for this scheme was held by STDC but a new consent, with seven conditions, to take water for the scheme from two bores, was issued to the NWSSI in 2004.

This report for the period July 2012-June 2013 describes the monitoring programme implemented by the Taranaki Regional Council to assess the environmental performance of the three organisations during the period under review, and the results and environmental effects of their activities.

During the 2011-2012 monitoring period the Council’s monitoring programme included an annual inspection of each water supply scheme abstracting from surface water, the collection of seven water samples for physicochemical analysis, three biomonitoring surveys of receiving water, three fish passage surveys, seven hydrometric gaugings and the review of abstraction data provided by the consent holders.

Chemical sampling of discharges and receiving waters, macroinvertebrate surveys and fish surveys, all indicated that the water supply schemes did not appear to be causing any significant adverse environmental effects.

A review of abstraction records showed that there were some minor non-compliances at Patea, Rahotu, Waimate West, Oaonui and Waverley plants in regards to daily volumes or abstraction rates. However all of these plants were compliant for over 98% of the monitoring period.

In the 2012-2013 year there were two incidents recorded against STDC in regards to not having telemetry installed at the Otakeho Stream and Mangawhero Stream intakes. An abatement notice was issued and STDC are currently addressing the matter at the time of the preparation of this report with a deadline for resolution set at 31 October 2013.

STDC demonstrated a good level of environmental performance and compliance with their resource consents. Whilst there was the on-going issue of telemetry not being installed at some sites, STDC was working proactively to have all of their abstraction data to be sent electronically to Council’s database.

OWSL demonstrated a good level of environmental performance and compliance with their resource consents. No environmental effects were noted, however there were two non- compliances in regards to exceeding daily volume limits.

Nukumaru Water Scheme Society Incorporated demonstrated a good level of environmental performance and compliance with their resource consents. No environmental effects were noted, however data was not supplied by the due date.

For reference, in the 2012-2013 year, 35% of consent holders in Taranaki monitored through tailored compliance monitoring programmes achieved a high level of environmental performance and compliance with their consents, while another 59% demonstrated a good level of environmental performance and compliance with their consents.

This report includes recommendations for the 2013-2014 year.

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Table of contents

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1. Introduction 1 1.1 Compliance monitoring programme reports and the Resource Management Act 1991 1 1.1.1 Introduction 1 1.1.2 Structure of this report 1 1.1.3 The Resource Management Act (1991) and monitoring 2 1.1.4 Evaluation of environmental performance 2 1.2 Process description 3 1.3 Resource consents 10 1.3.1 Cold Creek water supply 10 1.3.1.1 Water abstraction permit 10 1.3.1.2 Water discharge permit 11 1.3.1.3 Land use permits 11 1.3.2 Eltham water supply 11 1.3.2.1 Water abstraction permit 11 1.3.2.2 Water discharge permit 12 1.3.3 Hawera water supply 13 1.3.3.1 Water abstraction permits 13 1.3.3.2 Water discharge permit 14 1.3.3.3 Land use permit 15 1.3.4 Inaha water supply 16 1.3.4.1 Water abstraction permits 16 1.3.4.2 Water discharge permits 18 1.3.4.3 Land use permits 18 1.3.5 Opunake water supply 19 1.3.5.1 Water abstraction permit 19 1.3.5.2 Water discharge permit 20 1.3.5.3 Land use consents 20 1.3.6 Patea water supply 21 1.3.6.1 Water abstraction permits 21 1.3.7 Pope water supply 21 1.3.7.1 Water abstraction permit 21 1.3.7.2 Water discharge permit 21 1.3.8 Rahotu water supply 22 1.3.8.1 Water abstraction permit 22 1.3.8.2 Water discharge permit 22 1.3.9 Wai-inu Beach water supply 22 1.3.9.1 Water abstraction permit 22 1.3.10 Waimate West water supply 23 1.3.10.1 Water abstraction permit 23 1.3.10.2 Water discharge permit 24 1.3.10.3 Land use consents 25 1.3.11 Waverley Beach water supply 26 1.3.11.1 Water abstraction permit 26 1.3.12 Waverley water supply 26 1.3.12.1 Water abstraction permits 26 1.3.13 Oaonui water supply 27 1.3.13.1 Water abstraction permit 27

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1.3.13.2 Land use permit 27 1.3.13.3 Water discharge permit 28 1.3.14 Nukumaru water supply 28 1.3.14.1 Water abstraction permits 28 1.4 Monitoring programme 29 1.4.1 Introduction 29 1.4.2 Programme liaison and management 29 1.4.3 Site inspections 29 1.4.4 Chemical sampling 30 1.4.5 Biomonitoring surveys 30 1.4.6 Fish surveys 30

2. Results 31 2.1 Inspections 31 2.1.1 Opunake water supply 31 2.1.2 Cold Creek water supply 34 2.1.3 Eltham water supply 34 2.1.4 Inaha water supply 34 2.1.5 Rahotu water supply 35 2.1.6 Waimate West water supply 35 2.1.7 Oaonui water supply 36 2.1.8 Hawera water supply 36 2.1.9 Patea water supply 36 2.2 Results of discharge monitoring 37 2.2.1 Hawera WTP (Kapuni) 37 2.2.2 Waimate West WTP (Kelly’s Creek) 38 2.2.3 Inaha WTP (discharge) 39 2.3 Results of receiving environment monitoring 39 2.3.1 Hawera WTP macroinvertebrate survey (Kapuni) 39 2.3.2 Waimate West WTP macroinvertebrate survey (Mangawhero-iti) 40 2.3.3 Rahotu WTP macroinvertebrate survey (Pungaereere) 41 2.3.4 Cold Creek WTP fish survey 41 2.3.5 Oaonui WTP electric fishing survey 42 2.3.6 Waimate West WTP (Mangawhero) electric fishing survey 42 2.4 Abstraction data 43 2.4.1 Cold Creek water supply 44 2.4.2 Eltham water supply 44 2.4.3 Hawera water supply 45 2.4.4 Inaha water supply 45 2.4.5 Opunake water supply 47 2.4.6 Patea water supply 47 2.4.7 Rahotu water supply 48 2.4.8 Wai-inu Beach water supply 49 2.4.9 Waimate West water supply 49 2.4.10 Waverley water supply 50 2.4.11 Oaonui water supply 52 2.4.12 Waverley Beach water supply 53 2.4.13 Nukumaru water supply 53 2.5 Investigations, interventions, and incidents 53

3. Discussion 55 3.1 Discussion of plant performance 55

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3.2 NES water metering requirements 57 3.3 Environmental effects of exercise of consents 57 3.4 Evaluation of performance 57 3.4.1 Cold Creek water supply 57 3.4.2 Eltham water supply 59 3.4.3 Hawera water supply 60 3.4.4 Inaha water supply 65 3.4.5 Opunake water supply 68 3.4.6 Patea water supply 69 3.4.7 Pope water supply 70 3.4.8 Rahotu water supply 70 3.4.9 Wai-inu Beach water supply 71 3.4.10 Waimate West water supply 71 3.4.11 Waverley water supply 76 3.4.12 Oaonui water supply 77 3.4.13 Nukumaru water supply 78 3.5 Recommendations from the 2011-2012 Monitoring Report 78 3.6 Alterations to monitoring programmes for 2013-2014 79

4. Recommendations 80

Glossary of common terms and abbreviations 81

Bibliography and references 83

Appendix I Resource consents held by STDC, OWSL and NWSSI 85

Appendix II Biomonitoring and fish survey reports 113

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List of tables

Table 1 South Taranaki water supplies resource consents and processes 5 Table 2 Kapuni WTP sample results 7 November 2012 37 Table 3 Kapuni WTP sample results 27 June 2013 38 Table 4 Results of sampling at the Waimate West WTP 9 April 2013 38 Table 5 Results of sampling at the Inaha WTP 15 April 2013 39 Table 6 Compliance with abstraction rates at the Patea bores 47 Table 7 Compliance with consents 0634 and 3911 49 Table 8 Compliance with abstraction rates at the Waverley bores 50 Table 9 Summary of compliance in regards to abstraction rates, volumes and data 55 Table 10 Summary of performance for Consent 1134-2 to take and use water for the Cold Creek rural supply from Cold Stream a tributary of the Taungatara Stream 57 Table 11 Summary of performance for Consent 5454-1 to erect, place, use and maintain a water intake structure on the bed of Cold Creek for water abstraction purposes 58 Table 12 Summary of performance for Consent 6077-1 to discharge filter backwash water and supernatant from the Cold Creek water treatment plant into the Cold Stream 58 Table 13 Summary of performance for Consent 0213-3 to take and use water from the Waingongoro River 59 Table 14 Summary of performance for Consent 0989-2 to discharge reservoir contents, including accumulated silt, for the Eltham water supply reservoir 59 Table 15 Summary of performance for Consent 1810-3 to discharge overflow and reservoir drainage water from the Eltham water supply reservoir 60 Table 16 Summary of performance for Consent 1811-3 to discharge filter backwash from the Eltham water treatment plant 60 Table 17 Summary of performance for Consent 0146-2 to take and use water from the Kapuni Stream for municipal water supply purposes 60 Table 18 Summary of performance for Consent 0933-3 to discharge filter backwash and settling tank sediment into the Kapuni Stream 61 Table 19 Summary of performance for Consent 5596-1 to and to maintain two existing intake structures in the Kapuni Stream for the Hawera water supply 62 Table 20 Summary of performance for Consent 7002-1 to take and use groundwater for municipal, rural, industrial, and recreational supply purposes 62 Table 21 Summary of performance for Consent 7413-1 to erect, use and maintain a water intake structure on the bed of the Kapuni Stream 63

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Table 22 Summary of performance for Consent 7446-1 to discharge membrane backwash water and cleaning wastewater into the Kapuni Stream 64 Table 23 Summary of performance for Consent 7447-1 to install, use and maintain an outfall structure on the bank of the Kapuni Stream 64 Table 24 Summary of performance for Consent 1185-3 to take water from the Mangatoki Stream in the Waingongoro catchment for Inaha rural water supply purposes 65 Table 25 Summary of performance for Consent 1186-3 to take water from the Waingongoro River for Inaha rural water supply purposes 65 Table 26 Summary of performance for Consent 3927-2 to discharge backwash wastes from the Inaha water supply treatment plant into an unnamed tributary of the Mangatoki Stream 66 Table 27 Summary of performance for Consent 3928-2 to discharge uncontaminated overflow water from the Inaha rural water supply treatment plant 66 Table 28 Summary of performance for Consent 4102-2 to construct a low-level weir and fish pass across the Mangatoki Stream to improve water intake efficiencies 67 Table 29 Summary of performance for Consent 5364-1 to take and use water from the Mangatoki Stream for Inaha rural supply scheme purposes 67 Table 30 Summary of performance for Consent 5365-1 to erect, place and maintain a low level intake weir in the Mangatoki Stream for Inaha rural water supply scheme purposes 68 Table 31 Summary of performance for Consent 0232-3 to take water from the Waiaua Stream for Opunake town water supply purposes 68 Table 32 Summary of performance for Consent 5574-1 to discharge filter backwash water and settling tank sediment from the Opunake Water Treatment Plant into the Waiaua River 68 Table 33 Summary of performance for Consent 9473-1 to construct, place and use a water intake structure on the bed of the Waiaua River for water abstraction purposes 69 Table 34 To take and use groundwater from three bores (known as Bore 1, Bore 2 and Bore 4) for Patea Township water supply purposes 69 Table 35 Summary of performance for Consent 4446-1 to discharge treated backwash water from the Pope Rural Water Supply Treatment Plant 70 Table 36 Summary of performance for Consent 3696-2 to take and use water from the Pungaereere Stream for Rahotu community water supply scheme 70 Table 37 Summary of performance for Consent 6038-1 to discharge filter backwash water and settling tank waste from the Rahotu water treatment plant into the Pungaereere Stream 71 Table 38 Summary of performance for Consent 3770-2 to take water from a bore in the Waitotara Catchment for Wai-inu Beach Settlement water supply purposes 71 Table 39 Summary of performance for Consent 0129-3 to discharge treated washwater from the Waimate water supply scheme into an unnamed tributary of the Mangawhero-iti Stream 71

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Table 40 Summary of performance for Consent 0634-3 to take water from the Mangawhero-iti Stream for the Waimate West water supply 72 Table 41 Summary of performance for Consent 0635-3 to take water from the Mangawhero Stream to add to the flow of the Mangawhero-iti Stream for water supply purposes 73 Table 42 Summary of performance for Consent 3911-2 to divert and use water from the Otakeho Stream for the Pope and Waimate West water supply schemes 73 Table 43 Summary of performance for Consent 4826-2 to place, use and maintain a water intake structure and associated structures on the bed of the Otakeho Stream 74 Table 44 Summary of performance for Consent 5451-1 to erect, place, use and maintain a water intake structure on the bed of the Mangawhero-iti Stream for water abstraction purposes 75 Table 45 Summary of performance for Consent 5452-1 to erect, place, use and maintain a water intake structure on the bed of the Mangawhero Stream for water abstraction 75 Table 46 Summary of performance for Consent 3313-3 to take and use groundwater from the Fookes and Chester Street bores for Waverley municipal supply purposes 76 Table 47 Summary of performance for Consent 0231-3 to take and use water from the Oaonui Stream for a rural community water supply scheme and the Maui Production Station 77 Table 48 Summary of performance for Consent 5453-1 to erect, place, use and maintain a water intake structure on the bed of the Oaonui Stream for water abstraction purposes 77 Table 49 Summary of performance for Consent 6451-1 to take and use groundwater from up to two bores for the purpose of supplying the Nukumaru community rural water scheme 78

List of figures

Figure 1 Location of South Taranaki District Council and Oaonui Water Supply Limited resource consents 8 Figure 2 Aerial photo showing locations of the old and new WTPs, and relevant sampling sites 37 Figure 3 Graph of the daily abstraction for the Cold Creek water supply 44 Figure 4 Graph of the daily abstraction for the Eltham water supply 44 Figure 5 Graph of the daily abstraction for the Hawera water supply 45 Figure 6 Graph of the daily abstraction from the Waingongoro River for the Inaha water supply 46 Figure 7 Graph of the daily combined abstraction from the Mangatoki Stream for the Inaha water supply 46 Figure 8 Graph of the daily abstraction for the Opunake water supply 47

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Figure 9 Graph showing combined daily abstractions from the Patea groundwater bores 48 Figure 10 Graph of the daily abstraction for the Rahotu water supply 48 Figure 11 Graph of daily abstractions for the Wai-inu Beach water supply 49 Figure 12 Residual flow in the Mangawhero-iti Stream 50 Figure 13 Graph of daily abstractions from the Chester Street bore 51 Figure 14 Graph of the daily abstraction from the Fookes Street bore 51 Figure 15 Graph of the daily abstraction from the Swinbourne Street bore 52 Figure 16 Graph of the daily abstraction from the Oaonui Stream for the Oaonui water supply 52 Figure 17 Graph of the average daily abstraction for the Nukumaru water supply 53

List of photographs

Photograph 1 Membrane racks at the new Kapuni WTP 4 Photograph 2 Kapuni WTP intake and fishpass on the Kapuni Stream 30 Photograph 3 Coffer dam on the Waiaua Stream for Opunake WTP intake installation 32 Photograph 4 Opunake WTP intake structure prior to installation 32 Photograph 5 Wet well and intake line installation at the Opunake WTP 33 Photograph 6 Silt controls at the Opunake WTP intake installation 34 Photograph 7 Solar panel array powering Mangawhero-iti intake data logging and telemetry 35 Photograph 8 Fish pass at Mangawhero-iti weir 36

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1. Introduction 1.1 Compliance monitoring programme reports and the Resource Management Act 1991 1.1.1 Introduction This report is the Annual Report for the period July 2012-June 2013 by the Taranaki Regional Council on the monitoring programme associated with resource consents held by the South Taranaki District Council [STDC], Nukumaru Water Scheme Society Inc [NWSSI], and Oaonui Water Supply Limited [OWSL]. STDC operates 11 water supply schemes and NWSSI and OWSL each operate one water supply scheme in the South Taranaki District.

This report covers the results and findings of the monitoring programme implemented by the Council in respect of the consents held by STDC, NWSSI and OWSL that relate to water supply schemes within the South Taranaki District

One of the intents of the Resource Management Act (1991) is that environmental management should be integrated across all media, so that a consent holder's use of water, air, and land should be considered from a single comprehensive environmental perspective. Accordingly, the Taranaki Regional Council generally implements integrated environmental monitoring programmes and reports the results of the programmes jointly. This report discusses the environmental effects of water supply schemes in the South Taranaki District and their use of water and land, and is the 15th report by the Taranaki Regional Council for water supplies in the district.

1.1.2 Structure of this report Section 1 of this report is a background section. It sets out general information about compliance monitoring under the Resource Management Act and the Council’s obligations and general approach to monitoring sites through annual programmes, the resource consents held by STDC, NWSSI and OWSL, the nature of the monitoring programme in place for the period under review, and a description of the activities and operations conducted at the consent holders’ sites.

Section 2 presents the results of monitoring for the 2012-2013 monitoring period, including scientific and technical data and discusses the results, their interpretation, and their significance for the environment.

Section 3 presents an evaluation of performance and implementation of previous recommendations and any alterations to the monitoring programme.

Section 4 presents recommendations to be implemented in the 2013-2014 monitoring year.

A glossary of common abbreviations and scientific terms, and a bibliography, are presented at the end of the report.

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1.1.3 The Resource Management Act (1991) and monitoring The Resource Management Act primarily addresses environmental `effects' which are defined as positive or adverse, temporary or permanent, past, present or future, or cumulative. Effects may arise in relation to:

(a) the neighbourhood or the wider community around a discharger, and may include cultural and socio-economic effects; (b) physical effects on the locality, including landscape, amenity and visual effects; (c) ecosystems, including effects on plants, animals, or habitats, whether aquatic or terrestrial; (d) natural and physical resources having special significance (e.g., recreational, cultural, or aesthetic); (e) risks to the neighbourhood or environment.

In drafting and reviewing conditions on discharge permits, and in implementing monitoring programmes, the Taranaki Regional Council is recognising the comprehensive meaning of `effects' inasmuch as is appropriate for each discharge source. Monitoring programmes are not only based on existing permit conditions, but also on the obligations of the Resource Management Act to assess the effects of the exercise of consents.

In accordance with section 35 of the Resource Management Act 1991, the Council undertakes compliance monitoring for consents and rules in regional plans; and maintains an overview of performance of resource users against regional plans and consents. Compliance monitoring, including impact monitoring, also enables the Council to continuously assess its own performance in resource management as well as that of resource users particularly consent holders. It further enables the Council to continually re-evaluate its approach and that of consent holders to resource management, and, ultimately, through the refinement of methods, to move closer to achieving sustainable development of the region’s resources.

1.1.4 Evaluation of environmental performance Besides discussing the various details of the performance and extent of compliance by the Company/companies in the catchment during the period under review, this report also assigns an overall rating. The categories used by the Council, and their interpretation, are as follows:

- a high level of environmental performance and compliance indicates that essentially there were no adverse environmental effects to be concerned about, and no, or inconsequential (such as data supplied after a deadline) non- compliance with conditions.

- a good level of environmental performance and compliance indicates that adverse environmental effects of activities during the monitoring period were negligible or minor at most, or, the Council did not record any verified unauthorised incidents involving significant environmental impacts and was not obliged to issue any abatement notices or infringement notices, or, there were perhaps some items noted on inspection notices for attention but these items were not urgent nor critical, and follow-up inspections showed they have been dealt with, and any

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inconsequential non compliances with conditions were resolved positively, co- operatively, and quickly.

- improvement desirable (environmental) or improvement desirable (administrative compliance) (as appropriate) indicates that the Council may have been obliged to record a verified unauthorised incident involving measurable environmental impacts, and/or, there were measurable environmental effects arising from activities and intervention by Council staff was required and there were matters that required urgent intervention, took some time to resolve, or remained unresolved at the end of the period under review, and/or, there were on-going issues around meeting resource consent conditions even in the absence of environmental effects. Abatement notices may have been issued.

- poor performance (environmental) or poor performance (administrative compliance) indicates generally that the Council was obliged to record a verified unauthorised incident involving significant environmental impacts, or there were material failings to comply with resource consent conditions that required significant intervention by the Council even in the absence of environmental effects. Typically there were grounds for either a prosecution or an infringement notice.

For reference, in the 2012-2013 year, 35% of consent holders in Taranaki monitored through tailored compliance monitoring programmes achieved a high level of environmental performance and compliance with their consents, while another 59% demonstrated a good level of environmental performance and compliance with their consents. 1.2 Process description The water treatment plants operated by STDC, OWSL and NWSSI generally operate in the following manner. Raw water is abstracted from a river or stream via an intake structure. It is passed through a settling pond, followed by coagulation and flocculation before being passed through sand filters. At some plants the water is passed through a clarifier prior to the sand filters. The new plant at Kapuni utilises membrane filtration technology. Chemicals such as lime or soda ash are used to adjust pH and water is disinfected with either hypochlorite solution or chlorine gas, before it is ready for distribution. The waste products from the backwashing of filters (and at some sites, the clarifier bleed) are discharged to water via a settling pond or tank. The water supply schemes sourced by groundwater are typically not treated, but may be chlorinated.

A summary of the process at each individual water supply plant is included in Table 1.

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Photograph 1 Membrane racks at the new Kapuni WTP

Table 1 South Taranaki water supplies resource consents and processes Water Supply Resource consent Expiry Activity Process Scheme Cold Creek Rural 2012- Raw water is abstracted from a weir on Cold Stream. The water is gravity fed to To take up to 5,095 m3/day, at a maximum rate of 59 L/s, for the Cold Creek rural Water Supply 1134-2 Take under the treatment plant and is passed through a sand filter and then chlorinated supply from Cold Stream. renewal (chlorine gas). To discharge filter backwash water and supernatant from the Cold Creek WTP into The filter backwash discharges to Cold Creek via settling ponds. The filter is 6077-1 Discharge 2018 the Cold Stream. backwashed roughly once every nine hours. 5454-1 Land Use 2018 To erect and maintain a water intake structure (weir) on the bed of Cold Creek. Eltham Water To take up to 4,020 m3/day, at a maximum rate of 47 L/s (unrestricted), with an Raw water is abstracted from a pool (no weir) and piped to to the treatment plant Supply 0213–3 Take 2018 additional 1,500 m3/day at a maximum rate of 17 L/s (restricted) from the via a settling pond. Pond overflow is discharged directly back to the river. The Waingongoro River. pond level is managed to minimise overflow to waste. To discharge reservoir contents from the Eltham Water Supply Reservoir onto land PACl is added and the water passed through sand filters. The water is pH 0989–3 Discharge 2029 adjacent to the Waingongoro River buffered (sodium bicarbonate) and chlorinated. To discharge up to 2,000 m3/day [50 litres/second] of overflow and reservoir drainage Backwash from the filters is discharged via 1 of 2 settling ponds to a drain which 1810–3 Discharge 2017 water from the Eltham water supply reservoir into the Mangawharawhara Stream. flows to an unnamed tributary of the Waingongoro River. To discharge up to 220 m3/day [20 litres/second] of filter backwash from the Eltham 1811–3 Discharge 2017 WTP via a settling pond into an unnamed tributary of the Waingongoro River. Hawera Water Take up to 10,756.8 m3/day at a maximum rate of 124.5 L/s (unrestricted) with an Old Hawera WTP Supply 0146–2 Take 2020 additional 1,343.2 m3/day at a maximum rate of 15.5 L/s (restricted), from the Kapuni Raw water is abstracted from the Kapuni Stream and passes through a Stream. sedimentation chamber. Flocculant is added and the water passed through To discharge up to 227 m3/day of settling pond supernatant from a WTP into the clarifiers and sand filters. The water is pH buffered (soda ash) and chlorinated. 0933–3 Discharge 2023 Kapuni Stream. Clarifier bleed and filter backwash are discharged to the Kapuni Stream via a To construct and maintain a weir and intake structure, and to maintain two existing settling pond. 5596–1 Land Use 2017 intake structures in the Kapuni Stream. New Kapuni WTP commissioned Dececember 2009 Take and use up to 4,320 m3/day of groundwater at a maximum rate of 50 L/s as a Raw water is abstracted from the Kapuni Stream and pumped to the WTP. It 7002-1 Take 2023 combined total from up to three water bores in a bore field at the Kapuni reservoir site. passes through grit tanks and a flocculant is added before it goes into a flocculation tank. It then is pumped through strainers before going through the To discharge membrane backwash water and cleaning wastewater from the Kapuni membrane filters. The water is then pH adjusted using caustic soda, chlorinated, 7446-1 Discharge 2023 WTP into the Kapuni Stream. and fluoride added before going to the site reservoirs.

To erect, use and maintain a water intake structure on the bed of the Kapuni Stream. 7413-1 Intake structure 2023 Membrane backwash water is discharged via 2 settling ponds to the Kapuni Stream. The discharge water is dechlorinated and pH adjusted before it goes to To install, use and maintain an outfall structure on the bank of the Kapuni Stream for 7447-1 Outfall structure 2023 the ponds. the Kapuni WTP. Inaha Rural Water To take up to 1,122 m3/day, at a maximum rate of 13 L/s, from the Mangatoki Stream. Raw water is abstracted from two intake structures (weirs) on the Mangatoki Supply 1185-3 Take 2023 Stream and a single intake (no weir) on the Waingongoro River. Water is gravity fed and pumped to a settling pond and then to the treatment plant. PACl is added To take up to 2,592 m3/day, at a maximum rate of 30 L/s, from the Waingongoro 1186-3 Take 2023 and the water is passed through 2 sand filters. The water is pH buffered (sodium River.

Water Supply Resource consent Expiry Activity Process Scheme 5364-1 Take 2017 To take up to 1,382 m3/day, at a maximum rate of 16 L/s, from the Mangatoki Stream. bicarbonate) and chlorinated. 3927-2 Discharge 2017 To discharge up to 228 m3/day of filter backwash to the Mangatoki Stream. Filter backwash is discharged to a small settling pond, then to an unnamed tributary of the Mangatoki Stream via a natural pond. To discharge up to 3,060 m3/day of uncontaminated overflow water into the Mangatoki 3928-2 Discharge 2017 Stream. 4102-2 Land Use 2023 To maintain an existing low-level weir and fish pass across the Mangatoki Stream. 5365-1 Land Use 2017 To erect and maintain an intake structure (weir) on the bed of Mangatoki Stream. Opunake Water Water is abstracted from the true right bank of the Waiaua Stream (no weir) and Supply 2012- enters a settling pond prior to being gravity fed to the treatment plant. PACl is 0232-3 Take under To take up to 3,650 m3/day, at a maximum rate of 42.2 L/s, from the Waiaua Stream. added and the water passed through a sand filter and then chlorinated (chlorine renewal gas). Accumulated solids from the settling pond are regularly removed. The plant has three sand filters that operate in parallel. Each of the filters backwashes (using chlorinated water) approximately once every 1-2 hours 2012- depending on river conditions. 5574-1 Discharge under To discharge filter backwash into the Waiaua Stream. renewal The filter backwash and reservoir overflow is discharged via a settling tank to the Waiaua Stream.

Structure consists of stainless steel meshed intake tube set in concrete in the bed of the stream. Water enters the tube and flows into a wetwell buried under To construct, place and use a water intake structure on the bed of the Waiaua River 9473-Structure 2030 the river bank. Water is then pumped to the treatment plant. for water abstraction purposes

Patea Water Supply To take and use groundwater from three bores (known as Bore 1, Bore 2 and Bore 4) Groundwater is pumped from bores 1,2 and 4 and then sent to the treatment 3388-2 Take 2028 for Patea Township water supply purposes plant Egmont Rd.

Pope Rural Water Up to 5 L/s is diverted to the Pope water supply from a larger take from the Otakeho Up to 5 L/s of raw water is taken from the Otakeho-Mangawhero diversion See Waimate West 3911-2 2018 Supply Stream (Waimate West Scheme). pipeline and gravity fed to the Pope rural water supply. Water enters the To discharge treated backwash water from the Pope Rural Water Supply Treatment treatment plant and is passed through a sand filter and then chlorinated (sodium Plant into an unnamed tributary of the Mangawhero Stream. hypochlorite). Treated water is stored in tanks adjacent to the treatment plant.The 4446-2 Discharge 2023 filter backwash is discharged to an unnamed tributary of the Mangawhero Stream via a small settling pond.

Rahotu Water Raw water is pumped from a pool in the Pungareere Stream (no weir) to the 3 Supply 3696-2 Take 2013 To take up to 180 m /day, at a maximum rate of 3 L/s from the Pungaereere Stream. adjacent treatment plant. Water is passed through a clarifier and sand filter and chlorinated (sodium hypochlorite). To discharge filter backwash water and settling tank waste from the Rahotu WTP into 6038-1 Discharge 2019 The filter is backwashed daily using treated water. The filter backwash and the Pungaereere Stream. clarifier bleed is discharged directly to the Pungaereere Stream.

Water Supply Resource consent Expiry Activity Process Scheme Wai-inu Beach To take up to 346 m3/day, at a maximum rate of 4 L/s, of groundwater from a bore Groundwater is pumped from a bore, chlorinated and then pumped to a reservoir 3770-3 Take 2010 Water Supply (GND0853). for distribution. Waimate West 0634-3 Take 2023 To take water from the Mangawhero-iti Stream for the Waimate West water supply. Raw water is diverted from the Otakeho and Mangawhero Streams to the Water Supply To take water from the Mangawhero Stream for the prpose of adding to the flow of the Mangawhero-iti Stream. Water is then abstracted from the Mangawhero-iti 0635-3 Take 2023 Mangawhero-iti Stream and providing water for the Waimate West water supply. Stream (all takes are via weirs) and gravity fed to the treatment plant. Up to 5 litres/sec from the Otakeho take is diverted to the Pope rural supply. When To take water from the Otakeho Stream for the Pope and Waimate West water supply 3911-2 Take 2018 sufficient water can be abstracted from the other two streams in the scheme, schemes. water from the Mangawhero Stream is avoided due to its turbidity. To discharge treated washwater from the Waimate Water Supply Scheme into an 0129-3 Discharge 2023 PACl and flocculent are added and the water passes through a clarifier and sand unnamed tributary of the Mangawhero-iti Stream. filters. The water is pH buffered (soda ash) and chlorinated (chlorine gas). 4826-2 Land Use 2017 To erect and maintain an intake structure (weir) on the bed of the Otakeho Stream. On average the clarifier is bled every 6 hours and each of the four filters are To erect and maintain an intake structure (weir) on the bed of the Mangawhero-iti backwashed once per day. Clarifier bleed and filter backwash are discharged via 5451-1 Land Use 2017 Stream. 1 of 2 settling ponds to an unnamed tributary of the Mangawhero-iti Stream. To erect and maintain an intake structure (weir) on the bed of the Mangawhero 5452-1 Land Use 2017 Stream. Waverley Water Groundwater is pumped from two bores, which tap a confined aquifer in the Supply To take and use groundwater from the “Fookes Street” bore (GND0244) and the Whenuakura formation, to a reservoir for distribution. The water passes through a 3313-3 Take 2022 “Chester Street” bore (GND0059) for municipal water supply purposes. sand trap prior to being pumped to a reservoir for distribution. There is no treatment. Waverley Beach Under RFWP : Take up to 50 m3/day, at a maximum rate of 1.5 L/s, from a bore Groundwater is pumped from a bore to a reservoir for distribution. It is not Permitted Activity – Take Water Supply (GND1061). chlorinated. Oaonui Rural To take up to 3,500 m3/day, at a maximum rate of 50 L/s, from the Oaonui Stream for Raw water is abstracted from the Oaonui Stream (weir) and is piped to a settling 0231-3 Take 2018 Water Supply a rural community water supply scheme and the Maui Production Station. pond. For 30 min/day water is backflushed to the stream to remove sediment. Water from the pond is treated with chlorine prior to distribution. Chlorine dosing Permitted Activity – Discharge accumulated solids from race and settling pond. is automated according to the raw water abstraction rate and turbidity. Discharge 5453-1 Land Use 2018 To erect and maintain an intake structure (weir) on the bed of the Oaonui Stream. Nukumaru Rural 6451-1 Take 2039 To take up to 605 litres/day (7 L/s) from up to two bores. Water Supply

Figure 1 Location of South Taranaki District Council and Oaonui Water Supply Limited resource consents

Figure 1 (contd) Location of South Taranaki District Council and Nukumaru Water Scheme Society Inc resource consents

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1.3 Resource consents Section 14 of the Resource Management Act stipulates that no person may take, use, dam or divert any water, unless the activity is expressly allowed for by a resource consent or a rule in a regional plan, or it falls within some particular categories set out in Section 14.

Section 15(1)(a) of the Resource Management Act stipulates that no person may discharge any contaminant into water, unless the activity is expressly allowed for by a resource consent or a rule in a regional plan, or by national regulations.

Section 13(1)(a) of the Resource Management Act stipulates that no person may use, erect, reconstruct, place, alter, extend, remove or demolish any structure or part of any structure in, on, under, or over the bed of any lake or river, unless the activity is expressly allowed for by a resource consent, or a rule in a Regional Plan and in any relevant proposed regional plan.

STDC, OWSL and NWSSI hold various resource consents including water abstraction permits, discharge permits and land use consents for the various water supply plants and structures they operate. These resource consents are listed in Table 1 and their locations are shown in Figure 1. The conditions of the consents are summarised below in Sections 1.3.1 to 1.3.14. Copies of all resource consents held in relation to water supply plants and structures in the South Taranaki District are included in Appendix I.

1.3.1 Cold Creek water supply 1.3.1.1 Water abstraction permit STDC held water permit 1134-2 to cover the abstraction of water from Cold Creek, a tributary of the Taungatara Stream, for rural water supply purposes. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 20 June 1990 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It expired on 1 June 2012. STDC has lodged an application to renew consent 1134 and continues to exercise the expired consent under section 124 of the RMA.

Condition 1 limits the rate of taking.

Conditions 2 and 3 require the consent holder to record the rate and volume of abstraction, while condition 4 requires that this is provided to Council.

Condition 5 specifies a residual flow to be maintained.

Conditions 6 and 7 relate to staff gauge installation and stream flow measurements.

Condition 8 requires annual reporting.

Condition 9 requires an annual contribution to remedy or mitigate adverse environmental effects.

Condition 10 is a review provision.

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1.3.1.2 Water discharge permit STDC holds water discharge permit 6077-1 to cover the discharge of filter backwash water and supernatant from the Cold Creek water treatment plant into the Cold Stream in the Taungatara catchment. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 29 November 2002 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2018.

Condition 1 establishes the location of the discharge point.

Condition 2 limits the rate of discharge.

Condition 3 specifies effects which the discharge is prohibited to cause in the receiving waters.

Condition 4 limits certain contaminants in the discharge.

1.3.1.3 Land use permits STDC holds land use permit 5454-1 to erect, place, use and maintain a water intake structure on Cold Creek for the Cold Creek rural water supply scheme. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 1 March 1999 under Section 87(a) of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2018.

Conditions 1 and 5 deal with construction and maintenance works.

Condition 2 requires the structure to be constructed in accordance with the documentation in support of the application.

Conditions 3 and 4 require the consent holder to minimise discharge of silt, disturbance of riverbed and adverse effects on water. Areas disturbed are to be reinstated.

Conditions 6 and 7 deal with provision of fish passage.

Condition 8 requires that the structure be removed when no longer required and the area reinstated.

Condition 9 is a review provision.

1.3.2 Eltham water supply 1.3.2.1 Water abstraction permit STDC holds water permit 0213-3 to cover the abstraction of water from the Waingongoro River. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 15 December 1999 under Section 87 of the resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2018.

Condition 1 imposes limits on the volume and rate of abstraction.

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Condition 2 requires measuring of daily rates of abstraction and provision of abstraction data to the Council.

Condition 3 requires exercise of the consent to be in accordance with the information supplied in support of the application.

Condition 4 requires quantification and reporting of reticulation losses.

Condition 5 requires investigation and reporting on the blocking of the intake.

Conditions 6 and 8 are review provisions.

Condition 7 sets out a requirement for a contribution to the Taranaki Tree Trust.

1.3.2.2 Water discharge permit STDC holds water discharge permit 0989-3 to discharge reservoir contents from the Eltham Water Supply Reservoir onto land adjacent to the Waingongoro River This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 5 November 2012 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2029.

Condition 1 requires that the best practical option be adopted.

Condition 2 requires that Council be notified prior to discharge.

Conditions 3 and 4 specify volume and time of discharge.

Condition 5 prohibits direct discharge to the Waingongoro River.

Conditions 6 and 7 deal with the minimisation of sediment entering the stream.

Condition 8 set out effects the discharge must not cause.

Condition 9 is a review condition.

STDC holds water discharge permit 1810-3 to cover the discharge of overflow and reservoir drainage from the Eltham water treatment plant reservoir to the Mangawharawhara Stream. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 28 July 1999 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2017.

Condition 1 requires approval of the Council prior to the emptying and cleaning of the reservoir.

Condition 2 requires the consent holder to minimise the periods when the consent is exercised.

Condition 3 requires the consent holder to minimise the discharge of accumulated sediments in the reservoir to the receiving water when emptying and cleaning the reservoir.

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Condition 4 specifies effects which the discharge is prohibited to cause in the receiving waters, while condition 5 places limits on certain contaminants in the discharge.

Condition 6 is a review provision.

STDC holds water discharge permit 1811-3 to cover the discharge of filter backwash from the Eltham water treatment plant to an unnamed tributary of the Waingongoro River. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 28 July 1999 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2017.

Condition 1 deals with maintenance and operation of the settlement pond system.

Condition 2 specifies effects which the discharge is prohibited to cause in the receiving waters.

Condition 3 places limits on certain contaminants in the discharge.

Condition 4 is a review provision.

1.3.3 Hawera water supply 1.3.3.1 Water abstraction permits STDC holds water permit 0146-2 to take and use water from the Kapuni Stream for municipal water supply purposes. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 7 June 2000 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2020.

Condition 1 imposes limits on the volume and rate of abstraction.

Condition 2 requires measuring of daily rates of abstraction and provision of this data to the Council.

Condition 3 requires exercise of the consent to be in accordance with the information supplied in support of the applications, and includes the provision of reporting on efficiency measures every two years.

Condition 4 specifies the circumstances when additional water can be taken and reporting requirements following such an event.

Condition 5 sets out a requirement for a contribution to the Taranaki Tree Trust.

Condition 6 requires the preparation and maintenance of a management plan, in conjunction with other users, for the Kapuni Stream.

Condition 7 requires the consent holder to undertake a leak detection and repair programme. Condition 8 requires that the point of abstraction remain the same until the new intake is commissioned.

Condition 9 is a review provision.

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STDC holds water permit 7002-1 to take and use up to 4,320m3/day of groundwater at a maximum rate of 50 l/s as a combined total from up to three water bores in a bore field at the Kapuni reservoir site for municipal, rural, industrial, and recreational supply purposes. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 2 November 2006 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2023.

Condition 1 requires the exercise of consent to be in accordance with the documentation submitted in support of the application.

Condition 2 requires the consent holder to notify the Council seven days prior to the exercise of the consent.

Condition 3 states that the consent holder must supply the Council with a report detailing the results of pump testing prior to the exercise of the consent.

Conditions 4 and 5 deal with the rate and volume of abstraction, while condition 6 deals with recording of the abstractions.

Conditions 7 and 8 deal with monitoring of the bores.

Conditions 9 and 10 deal with lapse and review of consent.

1.3.3.2 Water discharge permit STDC holds water discharge permit 0933-3 to cover the discharge of clarifier bleed and filter backwash to the Kapuni Stream. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 24 March 1993 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2023.

Condition 1 requires the adoption of the best practicable option.

Condition 2 requires the consent to be exercised in accordance with the application documentation.

Condition 3 requires notification of Council prior to exercising the consent.

Condition 4 requires the consent holder to address the issue of a permanent solution for water treatment residuals by constructing a new water treatment plant in 2010.

Condition 5 requires the proper and efficient maintenance and operation of the settlement system.

Condition 6 lists certain effects which the discharge shall not have on the receiving waters. Condition 7 places limits on certain parameters in the discharge.

Conditions 8 and 9 deal with lapse and review of the consent.

STDC holds water discharge permit 7446-1 to discharge membrane backwash water and cleaning wastewater from the Kapuni Water Treatment Plant into the Kapuni

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Stream. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 13 March 2009 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. The consent is due to expire on 1 June 2023.

Condition 1 requires that the consent holder adopt the best practicable option to minimise adverse environmental effects.

Conditions 2, 3 and 4 deal with levels of contaminants in the discharge and effects on receiving waters.

Condition 5 and 6 deal with lapse and review of consent.

1.3.3.3 Land use permit STDC holds land use permit 5596-1 to construct, place, use and maintain a weir and intake structure, and to maintain two existing intake structures in the Kapuni Stream for the Hawera water supply. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 19 May 2000 under Section 87(a) of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2017.

Condition 1 requires notification of the Council prior to construction or maintenance works.

Condition 2 requires the construction of the structures to be in accordance with the documentation submitted in support of the application.

Condition 3 prohibits construction works during the period 1 May to 31 October.

Conditions 4 and 5 require the consent holder to minimise streambed disturbance, discharge of silt and adverse effects on water quality.

Condition 6 prohibits the refuelling of equipment or machinery on the streambed.

Conditions 7 and 8 deal with the provision of fish passage.

Condition 9 deals with prevention of erosion adjacent to or downstream of the rock riprap.

Condition 10 prohibits the removal of streambed material during construction other than the material that makes up the weir/rock ramp.

Condition 11 prohibits the removal of streambed material from above the weir other than between 1 November and 30 April.

Condition 12 requires material removed from the streambed to be placed on the banks or dry sections of streambed downstream of the weir so it can re-enter the stream and minimise effects.

Condition 13 deals with the removal of the structure when no longer required.

Condition 14 is a review provision.

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STDC holds land use permit 7413-1 to erect, use and maintain a water intake structure on the bed of the Kapuni Stream, including temporary damming and diversion during construction. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 5 February 2009 under Section 87(a) of the Resource Management Act. The consent is due to expire on 1 June 2023.

Condition 1 requires that the consent is carried out in accordance with the documentation submitted with the application.

Conditions 2 and 3 deal with timing and notification of maintenance.

Conditions 4 and 5 require the consent holder to minimise disturbance to the stream.

Condition 6 requires that the structure is removed and the area reinstated, if and when it is no longer required.

Condition 7 requires monitoring and maintenance of the fish pass.

Condition 8 deals with any archaeological remains discovered during construction.

Conditions 9 and 10 deal with lapse and review of consent.

STDC holds land use permit 7447-1 to install, use and maintain an outfall structure on the bank of the Kapuni Water Treatment Plant. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 20 February 2009 under Section 87(a) of the Resource Management Act. The consent is due to expire on 1 June 2023.

Condition 1 requires that the consent is carried out in accordance with the documentation submitted with the application.

Conditions 2 and 3 deal with timing and notification of maintenance.

Conditions 4 and 5 require the consent holder to minimise disturbance to the stream.

Condition 6 requires that the structure is removed and the area reinstated, if and when it is no longer required.

Condition 7 deals with any archaeological remains discovered during construction.

Conditions 8 and 9 deal with lapse and review of consent.

1.3.4 Inaha water supply 1.3.4.1 Water abstraction permits STDC holds water permit 1185-3 to cover the abstraction of water from the Mangatoki Stream for water supply purposes. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 16 June 1993 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act on 29 August 2006. It is due to expire on 1 June 2023.

Condition 1 requires the adoption of the best practicable option.

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Condition 2 requires the consent to be exercised in accordance with information supporting the application.

Condition 3 places a limit on the rate and volume of abstraction.

Condition 4 requires the installation of a device to measure abstraction and the provision of these records to the Council.

Condition 5 deals with maintenance of the structure and its removal when no longer required.

Condition 6 requires the screening of intake structures to avoid the entrainment of fish.

Condition 7 deals with the provision of fish passage.

Condition 8 requires the promotion of water use efficiency and the undertaking of a leak detection and repair programme. This programme is to be reported on annually.

Condition 9 is a lapse provision.

Condition 10 provides for a review of the consent to ensure that conditions are adequate to deal with any adverse effects on the environment arising from the exercise of the consent.

STDC holds water permit 1186-3 to cover the abstraction of water from the Waingongoro River for water supply purposes. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 1 June 2005 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2023.

Condition 1 requires the adoption of the best practicable option.

Condition 2 requires the consent to be exercised in accordance with the application documentation.

Condition 3 places a limit on the volume and rate of abstraction.

Condition 4 requires the recording of abstraction rates and provision of data to the Council.

Condition 5 deals with the maintenance of the intake and its removal when no longer required.

Condition 6 requires screening of intake structures to avoid entrainment of fish.

Condition 7 provides for adequate fish passage.

Condition 8 requires the promotion of water use efficiency and the undertaking of a leak detection and repair programme which is to be reported on annually.

Conditions 9 and 10 deal with lapse and review of consent.

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STDC holds water permit 5364-1 to cover the abstraction of water from the Mangatoki Stream for water supply purposes. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 23 September 1998 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2017.

Conditions 1 and 2 deal with the abstraction volume and rate and recording of these.

Condition 3 requires the consent to be exercised in accordance with the documentation in support of the application.

Condition 4 requires mitigation of effects through riparian management.

Condition 5 allows for the suspension or reduction of abstraction during extreme low flow events.

Condition 6 is a review provision.

1.3.4.2 Water discharge permits STDC holds water discharge permit 3927-1 to cover the discharge of filter backwash to an unnamed tributary of the Mangatoki Stream. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 24 March 1993 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2017.

Condition 1 deals with the maintenance and operation of the settlement pond system.

Condition 2 specifies effects which the discharge is prohibited to cause in the receiving waters.

Condition 3 places limits on certain contaminants in the discharge.

Condition 4 is a review provision.

STDC holds water discharge permit 3928-2 to cover the discharge of uncontaminated overflow water from a settling pond to the Mangatoki Stream. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 4 June 1999 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2017.

Condition 1 deals with the maintenance and operation of the settlement pond system.

Condition 2 specifies effects which the discharge is prohibited to cause in the receiving waters. Condition 3 is a review provision.

1.3.4.3 Land use permits STDC holds land use permit 4102-2 to erect, place, use and maintain a water intake structure on the bed of the Mangatoki Stream for the Inaha water supply scheme.

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This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 15 June 2005 under Section 87(a) of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2023.

Condition 1 requires the adoption of best practicable option.

Condition 2 requires the consent to be exercised in accordance with the application documentation.

Condition 3 requires notification of Council prior to exercise of consent.

Conditions 4 to 8 deal with maintenance of the structure.

Condition 9 requires the structure to not impede fish passage.

Condition 10 requires the structure to be removed and the area reinstated when no longer required.

Conditions 11 and 12 deal with lapse and review of consent.

STDC holds land use permit 5365-1 to erect, place, use and maintain a water intake structure on the bed of the Mangatoki Stream for the Inaha water supply scheme. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 23 September 1998 under Section 87(a) of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2017.

Condition 1 requires notification of the Council prior to major construction or maintenance works.

Condition 2 requires prevention of discharge of contaminants into the stream during construction or maintenance works.

Condition 3 prohibits obstruction of fish passage.

Condition 4 requires the structure to be constructed in accordance with the documentation in support of the application.

Condition 5 requires the consent holder to ensure the safety of the structure.

Condition 6 requires the structure to be removed when no longer required and the area reinstated.

Condition 7 is a review provision.

1.3.5 Opunake water supply 1.3.5.1 Water abstraction permit STDC held water permit 0232-3 to cover the abstraction of water from the Waiaua Stream for the Opunake water supply. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 23 March 1994 under Section 87 of the Resource Management

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Act. It expired on 1 June 2012. STDC has lodged an application to renew consent 0232, and continues to exercise the expired consent under section 124 of the RMA.

Condition 1 requires monitoring of daily abstraction volumes and provision of abstraction data to the Council.

Condition 2 requires the provision of fish passage.

Condition 3 is a review provision.

1.3.5.2 Water discharge permit STDC held water discharge permit 5574-1 to cover the discharge of filter backwash via a settling pond into the Waiaua Stream. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 17 January 2000 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It expired on 1 June 2012. STDC has lodged an application to renew consent 5574, and currently continues to exercise the expired consent under section 124 of the RMA.

Condition 1 deals with the settlement lagoon system.

Condition 2 specifies effects which the discharge is prohibited to cause in the receiving waters.

Condition 3 places limits on certain contaminants in the discharge.

Condition 4 is a review provision.

1.3.5.3 Land use consents STDC holds land use permit 9473 to construct, place and use a water intake structure on the bed of the Waiaua River for water abstraction purposes. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 21 February 2013 under Section 87(a) of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2030.

Condition 1 specifies intake dimensions and screen slot size.

Condition 2 requires that Council be notified prior to works.

Condition 3 requires that river bed disturbance be kept to a minimum.

Condition 4 requires that sediment discharge into the river be minimised.

Condition 5 specifies maximum screen slot velocity.

Condition 6 requires that fish passage not be obstructed.

Condition 7 requires a one -off payment to contribute to riparian planting to mitigate effects.

Condition 8 deals with procedures if archaeological remains are discovered during works.

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Condition 9 requires the structure be removed when no longer required.

Condition 10 is a lapse condition.

Condition 11 is a review condition.

1.3.6 Patea water supply 1.3.6.1 Water abstraction permits STDC holds water permit 3388-3 to take and use groundwater from three bores (known as Bore 1, Bore 2 and Bore 4) for Patea Township water supply purposes. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 30 April 2012 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It will expire on 1 June 2028.

Conditions 1, 2 and 3 deal with the maximum daily takes for the three bores.

Conditions 4, 5, 6 and 7 deal with requirements to fit and maintain flow meters and data loggers at each bore.

Condition 8 requires that the best practical option be adopted.

Conditions 9, 10 and 11 deal with monitoring and mitigating effects on a nearby private bore.

Condition 12 requires that no salt water intrusion shall occur as result of the take.

Condition 13 deals with change and review of consent.

1.3.7 Pope water supply 1.3.7.1 Water abstraction permit Raw water is abstracted for the Waimate water supply scheme from the Otakeho Stream licensed by resource consent 3911 (Section 1.3.3.1). Up to 5 litres per second is diverted from the pipeline to the Pope rural water supply treatment plant.

1.3.7.2 Water discharge permit STDC holds water discharge permit 4446-2 to cover the discharge of filter backwash into an unnamed tributary of the Mangawhero Stream. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 9 June 2006 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2023.

Condition 1 requires the adoption of the best practicable option.

Condition 2 requires the consent to be exercised in accordance with the application documentation.

Condition 3 limits the discharge rate.

Condition 4 places limits on certain parameters in the discharge.

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Condition 5 requires the proper and efficient maintenance of the settling pond.

Condition 6 lists effects that the discharge should not have on the receiving waters.

Conditions 7 and 8 deal with lapse provision and review of consent.

1.3.8 Rahotu water supply 1.3.8.1 Water abstraction permit STDC holds water permit 3696-2 to cover the abstraction of water from the Pungaereere Stream for water supply purposes. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 15 September 2000 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2013. STDC has lodged an application to renew consent 1134 and continues to exercise the expired consent under section 124 of the RMA.

Condition 1 limits the volume and rate of abstraction.

Condition 2 requires monitoring of abstraction volumes and provision of data to the Council.

Condition 3 is a review provision.

1.3.8.2 Water discharge permit STDC holds water discharge permit 6038-1 to cover the discharge of filter backwash water and settling tank waste from the Rahotu Water Treatment Plant into the Pungaereere Stream. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 2 September 2002 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2019.

Condition 1 specifies effects which the discharge is prohibited to cause in the receiving waters.

Condition 2 places limits on certain contaminants in the discharge.

Condition 3 is a review provision.

1.3.9 Wai-inu Beach water supply 1.3.9.1 Water abstraction permit STDC held water permit 3770-3 to cover the abstraction of groundwater from the bore for water supply purposes. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 7 May 2012 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. The consent expires on 1 June 2028.

Condition 1 sets limits for daily volumes and abstraction rates.

Conditions 2 to 5 deal the installation and maintenance of water metering equipment.

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Condition 6 deals with the provision of records.

Condition 7 requires the consent holder to adopt best practice.

Conditions 8 and 9 are lapse and review conditions.

1.3.10 Waimate West water supply 1.3.10.1 Water abstraction permit STDC holds water permit 0634-3 to take water from the Mangawhero-iti Stream for the Waimate West water supply. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 7 June 2011 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2023.

Conditions 1 and 2 limit the rate of abstraction.

Conditions 3 to 6 deal with the maintenance, installation and operation of data- logging equipment.

Condition 7 requires the consent holder to provide records of water taken. While condition 10 sets a date by which these should be provided in ‘real time’.

Conditions 8 and 9 deal with flow in the Mangawhero-iti Stream downstream of the intake. Condition 12 requires sufficient stream flow measurements to be undertaken in order to comply with condition 9.

Condition 11 requires the consent holder to install a staff gauge.

Condition 13 deals with best practicable option to prevent or minimise adverse environmental effects.

Condition 14 requires the consent holder to supply an annual report in September each year on various aspects of the scheme.

Condition 15 requires five annual financial contributions.

Condition 16 is a review provision.

STDC holds water permit 0635-3 to take water from the Mangawhero Stream for the purpose of adding to the flow of the Mangawhero-iti Stream and providing water for the Waimate West water supply. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 7 June 2011 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2023.

Condition 1 limits the rate of abstraction, while condition 2 sets restrictions on the take.

Conditions 3 to 6 deal with the maintenance, installation and operation of data- logging equipment.

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Condition 7 requires the consent holder to provide records of water taken. While condition 8 sets a date by which these should be provided in ‘real time’.

Condition 9 deals with best practicable option to prevent or minimise adverse environmental effects.

Condition 10 is a review provision.

STDC holds water permit 3911-2 to take water from the Otakeho Stream for the Pope and Waimate West water supply schemes. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 22 November 2000 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2018. Changes to the conditions of the consent were made on 7 June 2011.

Condition 1 limits the rate of abstraction.

Conditions 2 to 5 deal with the maintenance, installation and operation of data- logging equipment.

Condition 6 requires the consent holder to provide records of water taken. While condition 8 sets a date by which these should be provided in ‘real time’.

Condition 7 deals with best practicable option to prevent or minimise adverse environmental effects.

Condition 9 deals with recording of flows of less than 500 l/s.

Condition 10 is a review provision.

1.3.10.2 Water discharge permit STDC holds water discharge permit 0129-3 to cover the discharge of clarifier bleed and filter backwash via a settling pond into an unnamed tributary of the Mangawhero-iti Stream. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 12 June 2006 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2023.

Condition 1 requires the adoption of the best practicable option.

Condition 2 requires the consent to be exercised in accordance with the application documentation.

Condition 3 limits the discharge rate.

Condition 4 places limits on certain parameters in the discharge.

Condition 5 requires the proper and efficient maintenance of the settling ponds.

Condition 6 lists effects that the discharge should not have on the receiving waters.

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1.3.10.3 Land use consents STDC holds land use permit 4826-2 to place, use and maintain a water intake structure and associated erosion protection on the bed of the Otakeho Stream. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 1 March 1999 under Section 87(a) of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2017. Changes to consent conditions were made on 10 December 2010 to allow for the weir to be upgraded and a new fish pass to be built.

Condition 1 requires notification of the Council prior to construction or maintenance works.

Condition 2 requires the structure to be constructed in accordance with the documentation in support of the application.

Conditions 3 and 4 require the consent holder to minimise discharge of silt, disturbance of riverbed and adverse effects on water. Areas disturbed are to be reinstated.

Condition 5 limits the timing of major construction or maintenance works to between 1 November and 30 April.

Condition 6 requires provision of fish passage.

Condition 7 states that a Council biologist shall be present during construction of the fish pass.

Condition 8 requires that the structure be removed when no longer required and the area reinstated.

Condition 9 is a review provision.

STDC holds land use permit 5451-1 to erect, place, use and maintain a water intake structure on the bed of the Mangawhero-iti Stream. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 1 March 1999 under Section 87(a) of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2017.

Condition 1 requires notification of the Council prior to construction or maintenance works.

Condition 2 requires the structure to be constructed in accordance with the documentation submitted in support of the application.

Conditions 3 and 4 require the consent holder to minimise discharge of silt, disturbance of riverbed and adverse effects on water. Areas disturbed are to be reinstated.

Condition 5 limits the timing of major construction or maintenance works to between 1 November and 30 April.

Condition 6 requires provision of fish passage.

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Condition 7 requires monitoring and reporting of adequacy of fish passage.

STDC holds land use permit 5452-1 to erect, place, use and maintain a water intake structure on the bed of the Mangawhero Stream. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 1 March 1999 under Section 87(a) of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2017.

Condition 1 requires notification of the Council prior to construction or maintenance works.

Condition 2 requires the structure to be constructed in accordance with the documentation supplied in support of the application.

Conditions 3 and 4 require the consent holder to minimise discharge of silt, disturbance of riverbed and adverse effects on water. Areas disturbed are to be reinstated.

Condition 5 limits the timing of major construction or maintenance works to between 1 November and 30 April.

Condition 6 requires provision of fish passage.

Condition 7 requires monitoring and reporting of adequacy of fish passage.

Condition 8 requires that the structure be removed when no longer required and the area reinstated.

Condition 9 is a review provision.

1.3.11 Waverley Beach water supply 1.3.11.1 Water abstraction permit STDC abstracts groundwater from a bore as a permitted activity for the Waverley Beach water supply and does not require a resource consent.

The current statutory document that covers this activity is the Regional Fresh Water Plan [RFWP].

The RFWP allows the abstraction of up to 50m3 per day (at a maximum rate of 1.5 litres per second) of groundwater as a permitted activity provided certain conditions are met.

1.3.12 Waverley water supply 1.3.12.1 Water abstraction permits STDC holds water permit 3313-3 to take and use groundwater from the "Fookes Street" bore (GND0244), the "Chester Street" bore (GND0059) and the "Swinbourne Street" bore (GND2242) for municipal water supply purposes at Waverley. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 23 September 2010 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2022.

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Condition 1 sets limits on the combined daily volume and combined abstraction rate for all three bores.

Condition 2 sets limits on the daily volume of water and abstraction rate of each bore.

Conditions 3 to 8 deals with the installation and maintenance of metering and logging equipment and the provision of data.

Condition 9 requires the consent holder adopt best practice.

Condition 10 states that the exercise of this consent shall not cause saltwater intrusion.

Condition 11 requires that the wells be accessible for measurement of static and pumping water levels.

Condition 12 deals with review of the consent.

1.3.13 Oaonui water supply 1.3.13.1 Water abstraction permit Oaonui Water Supply Limited holds water permit 0231-3 to cover the abstraction of water from the Oaonui Stream for a rural water supply scheme and the Maui Production Station. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 22 November 2000 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2018.

Condition 1 limits the abstraction volume and rate.

Condition 2 requires recording of daily abstraction rates and provision of abstraction data to the Council.

Condition 3 requires promotion of water conservation and undertaking of a leak detection and repair programme.

Condition 4 sets out a requirement for a contribution to the Taranaki Tree Trust.

Conditions 5 and 6 deal with change and review of consent.

1.3.13.2 Land use permit Oaonui Water Supply Limited holds land use permit 5453-1 to erect, place, use and maintain a water intake structure on the bed of the Oaonui Stream for water abstraction purposes. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 1 March 1999 under Section 87(a) of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2018.

Condition 1 requires notification prior to construction and maintenance works.

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Condition 2 requires that the structure be constructed in accordance with the documentation supporting the application.

Condition 3 requires the adoption of best practicable option to minimise adverse effects.

Condition 4 requires the area disturbed during construction and maintenance to be minimised and disturbed areas reinstated.

Condition 5 requires major maintenance involving in-stream works to be undertaken between 1 November and 30 April.

Conditions 6 and 7 deal with the provision of fish passage.

Condition 8 requires the structure to be removed when no longer required and the area reinstated.

Condition 9 is a review provision.

1.3.13.3 Water discharge permit The raw water is not passed through a clarifier or filter, consequently there is no clarifier bleed or filter backwash discharge. Water flows from the weir to a settling pond along a race. The settling pond is continually flushed by two small discharges from the surface and bottom of the pond back to the Oaonui Stream. The race is regularly flushed to the Oaonui Stream. Due to the small scale nature of both these flows they can be considered as a discharge of water to water and are a permitted activity as allowed by Rule 21 of the Regional Fresh Water Plan. Consequently a resource consent is not required.

1.3.14 Nukumaru water supply 1.3.14.1 Water abstraction permits Nukumaru Water Scheme Society Inc holds water permit 6451-1 to cover the abstraction of groundwater from up to two bores for rural water supply purposes. This permit was issued by the Taranaki Regional Council on 20 October 2004 under Section 87 of the Resource Management Act. It is due to expire on 1 June 2039.

Condition 1 requires the consent to be exercised in accordance with the documentation submitted in support of the application and condition 2 places a limit on the abstraction volume and rate.

Conditions 3 and 4 require the recording of abstraction rates and provision of abstraction data to the Council.

Condition 5 deals with payment of monitoring costs and conditions 6 and 7 deal with lapse and review of consent.

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1.4 Monitoring programme 1.4.1 Introduction Section 35 of the Resource Management Act sets out an obligation for the Taranaki Regional Council to: gather information, monitor, and conduct research on the exercise of resource consents, and the effects arising, within the Taranaki region.

The Taranaki Regional Council may therefore make and record measurements of physical and chemical parameters, take samples for analysis, carry out surveys and inspections, conduct investigations, and seek information from consent holders.

The 2012-2013 monitoring programme for the water supply schemes in the South Taranaki District consisted of five primary components.

1.4.2 Programme liaison and management There is generally a significant investment of time and resources by the Taranaki Regional Council in ongoing liaison with resource consent holders over consent conditions and their interpretation and application, in discussion over monitoring requirements, preparation for any reviews, renewals, or new consents, advice on the Council's environmental management strategies and the content of regional plans, and consultation on associated matters.

1.4.3 Site inspections Each water supply scheme that has a weir and/or required NES assessment was inspected, with site visits focussing on: compliance with water abstraction limits, the effects of filter backwash discharges on receiving waters, fish passage at abstraction weirs and NES water metering requirements.

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Photograph 2 Kapuni WTP intake and fishpass on the Kapuni Stream

1.4.4 Chemical sampling The Council undertook sampling of discharges from the Kapuni, Rahotu and Cold Creek WTPs. Receiving water samples were collected in relation to discharges from the Kapuni WTP and Cold Creek WTP. Samples were analysed for chlorine, pH and suspended solids. The Kapuni WTP sample was also analysed for conductivity and sodium.

1.4.5 Biomonitoring surveys Biomonitoring surveys were undertaken in relation to the Kapuni, Waimate West and Rahotu plants to determine effects upon the stream communities due to the discharge of filter backwash.

1.4.6 Fish surveys Three fish surveys were carried out in relation to the Cold Creek, Waimate West and Oaonui Plants to determine whether the intake weirs were obstructing fish passage.

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2. Results 2.1 Inspections All surface water sites (except Rahotu WTP) were inspected over the January- February 2013 period. The Opunake WTP had extra inspections in May during the construction of a new intake.

2.1.1 Opunake water supply 10 January 2013 The Waiaua Stream was clean and clear and at low flow. There was a trickle discharge from the raw water pond. No issues were noted from backwash discharges. A new intake was to be constructed in April 2013.

13 May 2013 A site visit was made to inspect the installation of the intake structure. An access track had been cut down to the site of the intake and a coffer dam had been constructed using sacks of aggregate and river rocks. There were some small inflows of water into the dammed area and a pump was operating to keep the area pumped out.

The slope running down from the access track was steep and consisted largely of exposed soil. This area had no silt controls and this was discussed with the contractor. It was outlined that it was planned to have works completed before the forecast rain so the risk of sediment run off would be reduced. The contractor also outlined that silt mesh would be acquired and put in as a precaution. Silt controls were in place for other areas of earthworks.

Overall the activity was causing a slight increase in the turbidity in the Waiaua Stream. This was mostly coming from the area around the coffer dam and the pump discharge. Upstream and downstream samples were taken and the turbidity was found to be 1.0 NTU (u/s) and 3.3 NTU (d/s).

The precast intake structure was inspected and it appeared to be constructed to the specifications set out in the consent. The intake screen was covered with protective covers so the slot size was not measured to check compliance.

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Photograph 3 Coffer dam on the Waiaua Stream for Opunake WTP intake installation

Photograph 4 Opunake WTP intake structure prior to installation

14 May 2013 The pipe trench and wet well pit had been dug. Water running through the coffer dam was now running into the newly dug area leaving the concrete pour area

33 drained. Boxing was being installed for the concrete at the time and HDPE pipes were being laid and welded.

Water being pumped out from the just below the intake area was quite clear and there was no noticeable visual rise in turbidity in the stream.

16 May 2013 A site visit was made to inspect the installation of the intake structure. The intake structure was now in the stream and underwater. The pipe back to the wet well was in place. The area along the river between the intake and the wet well was still bare loose earth. It was of concern that the promised silt controls were not installed and that rain was predicted for the next day. The staff on site outlined how the area would be armoured when the job is complete.

Consent 9473 required that all reasonable steps be taken to minimise sediments and suspended levels in the stream. No measures were being undertaken in this area in regards to any surface run off in the event of rain or any scouring in the event of a river rise prior to the site being armoured.

The river was inspected and there was found to be a moderate level of turbidity below the site and this was probably a result of recent instream works in and around the intake structure. No sediment discharges were noted at the time. A sample was taken downstream of the site.

The following action was required to taken:

• Install silt/scouring control measures in area of loose soil adjacent the stream.

Photograph 5 Wet well and intake line installation at the Opunake WTP

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20 May 2013 A site visit was made to inspect the silt controls after the heavy rain. Present were representatives from Fulton Hogan, BECA and Project Management Services. The silt controls had been installed and had held up well during the rain and it was outlined that more rocks and rip rap would be used to armour the bank. No silt discharges from the area were occurring at the time. The site was in compliance with consent conditions.

Photograph 6 Silt controls at the Opunake WTP intake installation

2.1.2 Cold Creek water supply The Cold Stream was at a moderate level and was clean and clear at the intake. The fish pass was overgrown and had a large rock at the entrance. The site manager undertook to have it attended to. No visible effects were noted on the receiving waters. No non-compliances were noted.

2.1.3 Eltham water supply The Waingongoro River was at a low level, and clean and clear at the intake. No abstraction was occurring as a backwash was in progress. The large back wash pond was discharging and the discharge was found to be clean and clear. No non- compliances were noted.

2.1.4 Inaha water supply The Mangatoki Stream was at a moderate level; it was clean and clear at the intakes. The abstraction rate was 50 m3/ hour (13.8 L/s) from the Mangatoki and 110 m3/hour (31.2 L/s) for the Waingongoro. These were both slightly over the consented maximum instantaneous abstraction rates of 13 L/s and 30L/s

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respectively. The Mangatoki Stream was at a moderate level; it was clean and clear at the intakes. Both weirs and fish passes were satisfactory. No discharges were occurring from the settling ponds.

2.1.5 Rahotu water supply This plant was not inspected in the 2012-2013 period.

2.1.6 Waimate West water supply The Otakeho Stream was at a moderate level, and clean and clear at the intake. The fish pass was working well. The abstraction rate was 265m3/hr which was within the consented take rate of 306 m3/hr.

The Mangawhero Stream was inspected and it was noted that no water was being abstracted at the time.

The Mangawhero-iti Stream was at a moderate level, and fairly clean and clear at the intake. The flow to the Waimate West WTP was 406 m3/hour (consent limit of 737.5 m3/hour). Solar power and telemetry had been installed at the site. The northern backwash settling pond was discharging and there was no visible effect on the unnamed tributary, which was fairly clean and clear.

Photograph 7 Solar panel array powering Mangawhero-iti intake data logging and telemetry

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Photograph 8 Fish pass at Mangawhero-iti weir

2.1.7 Oaonui water supply The weir and fish pass were in good condition and there were no issues in regards to scouring or bed disturbance.

The flow meter appeared to be installed correctly and was measuring the water taken from a wet well. The wet well had an overflow channel that went directly back to the Waiaua Stream. This was in flow at the time of the inspection.

To comply with NES regulations, the consent holder would need approval to have the flow meter situated away from the point of abstraction. The consent holder has subsequently applied for approval and this was granted in October 2013.

2.1.8 Hawera water supply The Kapuni Stream was at low flow and clean and clear. The intake and fish pass were inspected and found to be fine. The bore abstraction rate was 58 m3/hr and the Kapuni abstraction rate was 272 m3/hour (both within consent conditions). No non- compliances were noted.

2.1.9 Patea water supply A site visit was made to conduct an annual inspection. The bore installation had been completed and appeared to meet NES standards. No issues were noted on-site. All flows are being metered at the point of abstraction and the meters appeared to have been correctly installed.

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2.2 Results of discharge monitoring 2.2.1 Hawera WTP (Kapuni) Discharge and receiving water samples were taken at the Kapuni WTP on 7 November 2012 and 29 June 2013 and the results are given in Tables 2 and 3 below.

Figure 2 Aerial photo showing locations of the old and new WTPs, and relevant sampling sites

Table 2 Kapuni WTP sample results 7 November 2012

Parameter Pond Consent limits Upstream Downstream for discharge discharge (KPN000300) (KPN000301) and (STW002080) (KPN000301)

Free available chlorine g/m3 - <0.1 - 0.1

Conductivity mS/m 10.2 14.0 10.2 -

Sodium g/m3 9.8 14.6 9.1 -

pH pH 7.7 8.0 7.7 6.5 - 8.5

Suspended solids g/m3 4 20

Temperature Deg C 13.6 15.2 - -

Turbidity NTU 0.79 - 0.76 (1.185)

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Table 3 Kapuni WTP sample results 27 June 2013 Parameter Unit Upstream Pond discharge Downstream Consent limits

(KPN000300) (STW002080) (KPN000301) for discharge)

Free available chlorine g/m3 <0.01 0.1

Conductivity mS/m 9.7 14.8 9.8 -

Sodium g/m3 8.6 15.8 8.6 -

pH pH 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 - 8.5

Suspended solids g/m3 3 20

Temperature Deg C 7.9 8.9 7.9 -

Turbidity NTU 1.6 1.6 -

The above results comply with the consent limits and samples collected upstream and downstream were not significantly different. While the consent does not limit sodium it is of particular interest due to the use of chemicals such as sodium hypochlorite, sodium hydroxide and sodium bisulphate in the WTP process. Ballance Agri-Nutrients and Vector both have discharges to the Kapuni Stream, upstream of the WTP discharge which, have limits placed on them for sodium. The WTP discharge will continue to be regularly monitored for sodium to establish whether it is making a significant contribution to sodium loadings in the Kapuni Stream.

2.2.2 Waimate West WTP (Kelly’s Creek) The filter backwash from the Waimate West WTP is discharged via a settling pond into an unnamed tributary of the Mangawhero Stream. Samples of the discharge and receiving waters were taken on 9 April 2013 and the results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4 Results of sampling at the Waimate West WTP 9 April 2013

MWR000310 (u/s STW002069 MWR000312 (d/s Consent Limit (in Site Unit of discharge) (discharge) of discharge) discharge)

Free available chlorine g/m3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1

pH 7.5 7.7 7.6 >6.5 <8.5

Suspended solids g/m3 10 8 13 100

Turbidity NTU 5.6 - 6.8 -

The results were within consent limits in regards to pH and free available chlorine. Other parameters measured (suspended solids and turbidity) also indicate that the discharge quality was quite good. The receiving water results indicate that the discharge is not having an adverse effect on water quality.

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2.2.3 Inaha WTP (discharge) A sample was collected from the backwash treatment ponds discharge on 15 April 2013 and the results are shown in Table 5. All parameters were found to be in compliance with consent conditions.

Table 5 Results of sampling at the Inaha WTP 15 April 2013 Free available Suspended solids Site chlorine pH g/m3 g/m3

Consent Lim it(in discharge) 0.1 >6.5 <8.5 100

STW002069 (discharge) <0.1 7.5 2

2.3 Results of receiving environment monitoring 2.3.1 Hawera WTP macroinvertebrate survey (Kapuni) The Council’s standard ‘kick-sampling’ technique was used on 13 March 2013 at two sites to collect streambed macroinvertebrates from the Kapuni Stream to determine if there had been any adverse effects on the macroinvertebrate community of the stream from Kapuni water treatment plant backwash discharges. Samples were sorted and identified to provide number of taxa (richness) and MCI and SQMCIS scores for each site.

The MCI is a measure of the overall sensitivity of the macroinvertebrate community to the effects of organic pollution in stony streams. It is based on the presence/absence of taxa with varying degrees of sensitivity to environmental conditions. The SQMCIS takes into account taxa abundance as well as sensitivity to pollution, and may reveal more subtle changes in communities, particularly if non- organic impacts are occurring. Significant differences in either the MCI or the SQMCIS between sites indicate the degree of adverse effects (if any) of the discharges being monitored.

This survey was the third to follow full commissioning of the Kapuni Water Treatment Plant. The new discharge point is now located just upstream of the Skeet Road bridge, and the sampling sites were consequently changed, to enable monitoring of this new location. Site 1 has an extensive historical dataset, as a result of monitoring undertaken in relation to the Vector Kapuni and Ballance Agri- Nutrients Kapuni Ltd sites, located upstream. This dataset can also be used as a reference for site 2 (KPN000301), until a suitable data record has been established here. It should be noted however, that the monitoring undertaken in relation to the Vector Kapuni and Ballance Agri-Nutrients Kapuni Ltd sites is done so using a slightly different methodology, which has the potential to produce lower taxa richness and higher MCI scores.

This late summer macroinvertebrate survey indicated that there were only relatively subtle differences between site 1, upstream of the discharge point, and site 2, downstream of the discharge point. There is no evidence to suggest that the discharge of filter backwash and settling tank sediment had resulted in an impact on

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the macroinvertebrate communities of the Kapuni Stream. This is supported by the MCI score recorded downstream of the discharge being similar to the median score for the upstream site, and similar to that recorded during the previous two surveys.

The macroinvertebrate communities of the Kapuni Stream contained significant proportions of ‘sensitive’ taxa at both sites and the communities were generally dominated by ‘sensitive’ taxa. Taxonomic richness (number of taxa) was very high at the control site 1 and decreased slightly at site 2 downstream of the discharge, although there were some changes in the presence/absence of a few taxa found as rarities (less than 5 individuals). Both sites recorded average MCI scores. An insignificant change in the MCI value between sites was a result of some subtle differences in taxa presence/absence. The SQMCIs values were identical between sites, reflective of the similarity in dominant taxa.

The full biomonitoring report is attached in Appendix II.

2.3.2 Waimate West WTP macroinvertebrate survey (Mangawhero-iti) Macroinvertebrate sampling was undertaken on 13 March 2013, at four sites in the Mangawhero-iti Stream; a control site upstream of the intake weir (1), a primary impact site approximately 40 metres downstream of the intake weir (2), a secondary impact site 3 kilometres downstream of that intake and a tertiary impact site approximately 5.6 kilometres downstream of the intake and 340 metres upstream of the confluence with the Mangawhero Stream. Sampling was performed at all four sites using the ‘kick’ sampling technique, a standard sampling technique used by the Council. This was undertaken to assess whether the abstraction of water from the Mangawhero-iti Stream for the Waimate West Water Treatment Plant (WWWTP) had had any adverse effects on the macroinvertebrate communities of this stream. Samples were processed to provide number of taxa (richness), MCI and SQMCIs scores for each site.

The MCI is a measure of the overall sensitivity of the macroinvertebrate community to the effects of organic pollution in stony streams. It is based on the presence/absence of taxa with varying degrees of sensitivity to environmental conditions. The SQMCIs takes into account taxa abundance as well as sensitivity to pollution, and may reveal more subtle changes in communities, particularly if non- organic impacts are occurring. Significant differences in the MCI or the SQMCIs between sites indicate the degree of adverse effects (if any) of the activity monitored.

This early autumn survey did not indicate that the water abstraction for the WWWTP from the Mangawhero-iti Stream had significantly affected the freshwater macroinvertebrate communities immediately downstream of the abstraction point.

High MCI and SQMCIs scores were recorded at the upstream control site (1). These scores were relatively similar to those recorded at site 2, located approximately 40 metres downstream of the water take. Typically there was a decline in MCI score between sites 2 and 3 although the SQMCIs score at site 3 was the highest recorded in the survey due to increased numerical abundances within some ‘sensitive’ taxa.

The results of this survey showed a significant decline in the macroinvertebrate communities between sites 1 and 4, and sites 3 and 4, where the MCI rates of decline

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were significantly higher than predicted. This is consistent with a general trend of increasing water temperature and decreasing physicochemical water quality with decreasing altitude in ringplain streams in the region coincident with point and non- point source discharges Abstraction of water from the Mangawhero-iti Stream may exacerbate the decline in macroinvertebrate ‘health’ by reducing available dilution of such discharges particularly as cumulative impacts occur in a downstream direction.

2.3.3 Rahotu WTP macroinvertebrate survey (Pungaereere) The Council’s standard ‘kick-sampling’ technique was used at three established sites to collect streambed macroinvertebrates from the Pungaereere Stream. Samples were sorted and identified to provide number of taxa (richness) and MCI and SQMCIs scores for each site.

The MCI is a measure of the overall sensitivity of the macroinvertebrate community to the effects of organic pollution in stony streams. It is based on the presence/ absence of taxa with varying degrees of sensitivity to environmental conditions. the SQMCIs takes into account tax abundance as well as sensitivity to pollution, and may reveal more subtle changes in communities, particularly if non-organic impacts are occurring. Significant differences in either the MCI or SQMCIs between sites may indicate the degree of adverse effects (if any) of the abstractions or discharges being monitored.

This late summer macroinvertebrate survey indicated that during a period of low recession flow of the river there were no effects on the macroinvertebrate communities’ compositions downstream of the abstraction or discharge beyond the designated mixing zone. Very few significant changes in individual taxon abundances were recorded between sites through the stream reach surveyed.

In general, the macroinvertebrate communities of the stream contained relatively high proportions of ‘tolerant’ taxa at all sites and the communities were generally dominated by similar numbers of ‘sensitive’ and ‘tolerant’ taxa. Taxonomic richnesses (number of taxa) were slightly higher than those of the previous three summer surveys conducted over the past 13 years.

MCI and SQMCIs scores indicated that the stream communities were of ‘fair’ and ‘below expected’ health, although relatively typical of conditions recorded in the lower reaches of similar Taranaki rivers, with minimal differences in the numerical abundances of the characteristic taxa accounting for the very similar SQMCIs values through the short stream reach surveyed.

2.3.4 Cold Creek WTP fish survey A night spotlighting survey was conducted on 30 June 2013 upstream and downstream of the Cold Stream weir (Cold Creek water supply scheme).

Very low fish diversity was recorded in the Cold Stream, but good populations of brown trout were found upstream and downstream of the weir, indicating that the fish pass was providing adequate passage for these fish. It was interesting to note that the brown trout population consisted entirely of juveniles, indicating that Cold

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Stream provides important spawning and juvenile rearing habitat, which in turn supports the Taungatara Stream brown trout fishery.

Trout have been the only fish species recorded in this stream in the three TRC surveys conducted to date, although the Department of Conservation did observe one longfin eel in 1994. For this reason the spotlighting method was used in the current survey, to target galaxiids such as koaro and shortjaw kokopu. However, the flow conditions were such that this method was not very effective. The flow was far too swift, reducing visibility. This method is better suited to areas of slower flow, and should only be repeated in this stream in such habitat.

The full fish survey report is attached in Appendix II.

2.3.5 Oaonui WTP electric fishing survey Previous surveys have failed to record torrentfish upstream of the weir, and this absence continued in the current survey. This may suggest that the fish pass is not working effectively, however this absence could also be attributed to the differences in habitat (particularly the proportion of riffle habitat) immediately upstream of the weir. In addition, the absence of torrentfish in the current survey may also be related to the fact that spotlighting is not the most effective means of recording torrentfish, and the upstream site was located above the expected altitudinal range for this species. This is further confirmed by two surveys conducted since the fish pass was installed where inanga (an indicator species) were recorded in abundance upstream of the weir for the first time (February 2003 and April 2004). Although no inanga were recorded in the current survey, this does not mean that these fish were not present however, and the absence of inanga may be associated more with the time of year the survey was undertaken and the location of the upstream site. Inanga migrate downstream in autumn to spawn in the lower tidal reach, and in most cases do not survive. Therefore, inanga will only be present in the surveyed reach during and shortly after the spring whitebait migration. In addition, the upstream site was located above the expected altitudinal range for this species. The presence of inanga upstream of the weir would suggest that most, if not all other species of native fish would be capable of negotiating the fish pass. It is likely that the Oaonui Water Supply weir is currently not a barrier to fish, therefore compliance with fish passage requirements of resource consent 5453 is being achieved.

As monitoring of fish communities to date indicates that the fish pass is operating with reasonable success, the need to perform annual fish surveys is not required. Provided that regular inspection of the pass confirms that it is operating as required and being maintained, it is recommended that fish monitoring continues at the rate of once every three years.

2.3.6 Waimate West WTP (Mangawhero) electric fishing survey A fish survey was conducted upstream and downstream of an STDC weir in the Mangawhero Stream weir on 30 June 2013. This survey used the night spotlighting technique, but due to the natural iron oxide turbidity that is frequently present in the Mangawhero Stream being especially bad, to the point where visibility was severely reduced, the effectiveness of the spotlighting technique was significantly reduced.

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This is the second survey undertaken since a new fish pass was installed in 2007. In the Mangawhero Stream fish diversity was low both upstream and downstream of the weir, as has been recorded in previous surveys. This is likely to be related to the distance from the sea and the high altitude at which these sites are located, as fish diversity does decrease with increasing altitude and distance inland. Fish communities were similar between the two sites and indicate that the STDC weir is generally not a barrier to the stronger climbing longfin eels, or trout. However there may be times when trout are unable to negotiate the jump at the bottom of the old fish pass, and flows in the new pass may be too shallow at times, but they are more likely to pass the weir during floods, which is generally when trout migrate.

Torrentfish (Cheimarrichthys fosteri) were not recorded in the current survey at either site. These fish have been recorded downstream of the weir in the past but have not yet been recorded upstream of the weir. Torrentfish are moderate swimmers which can negotiate reasonably swift flows, however their climbing ability is poor to moderate. It is expected that the new fish pass is adequate to provide for the passage of torrentfish, however, the likelihood of recording torrentfish again at this altitude and distance from the coast is considered low, as the predicted probability of capture in this reach is only 0.7%.

Summary and recommendations for further monitoring The monitoring of the Mangawhero Stream indicates that fish passage provided by the new fish pass is likely to provide fish passage for most fish present in this reach. This includes torrentfish, which were recorded on one previous occasion at this location.

Provided that regular inspections of the fish pass confirm that it is operating as required and being maintained, it is recommended that the fish monitoring be conducted once every three years as per the scheduled monitoring programme currently implemented.

2.4 Abstraction data As a condition of their various resource consents to abstract water, STDC, OWSL and NWSSI are required to record measurements of abstraction volumes for each site and this data is to be provided to the Council on request. This data was forwarded as requested to the Council during the 2012-2013 period and is discussed below. Most consents require that daily abstraction volume data be supplied, however newer consents require 30 minute abstraction rate data to be supplied. Compliance is assessed on the type data that is required to be provided by consent conditions.

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2.4.1 Cold Creek water supply

6000

5500 Consent Limit - 5095 m³/day (varied 2007) 5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0 Jul-2012 Oct-2012 Jan-2013 Apr-2013 1-Jul-2012 00:00:00 to 30-Jun-2013 23:45:00 Figure 3 Graph of the daily abstraction for the Cold Creek water supply

Consent 1134 sets a maximum abstraction rate of 59 L/s which if exercised continuously over a 24 hour period equates to 5095 m3/day and the Cold Creek WTP complied with this limit. Based on the residual flow data supplied and gaugings undertaken by Council the residual flow limit of 187 L/s was not breached at any point during the monitoring period.

2.4.2 Eltham water supply

6000 Consent limit (unrestricted) 5520 m³/day 5500

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0 Aug-2012 Nov-2012 Feb-2013 May-2013 Figure 4 Graph of the daily abstraction for the Eltham water supply

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The maximum daily abstraction from the Waingongoro River was 5297 m3, which complied with the restricted consent limit of 5,520 m3/day (Figure 4).

2.4.3 Hawera water supply

12000

11000 Consent Limit (unrestricted) - 10756.8 m³/day

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0 Jul-2012 Oct-2012 Jan-2013 Apr-2013 1-Jul-2012 00:00:00 to 30-Jun-2013 23:45:00 Figure 5 Graph of the daily abstraction for the Hawera water supply

The maximum daily abstraction from the Kapuni Stream was 10,689m3, which complied with the consent limit of 10756 m3/day (Figure 5).

There were no abstractions from the Kapuni bore during this monitoring period.

2.4.4 Inaha water supply The Inaha water supply system abstracts water from the Waingongoro River and the Mangatoki Stream. There is one gravity-fed abstraction on both streams, along with a pumped abstraction on the Mangatoki Stream for use when the gravity fed amount is insufficient. Water surplus to requirements flows back into the Mangatoki Stream (regardless of which stream it is initially collected from).

Abstractions from the Mangatoki Stream are reported as one figure and therefore compliance with the individual consents could not be assessed. The maximum daily abstraction for the combined Mangatoki Stream takes was within the combined consent limits of 2,504 m3/day. As the two points of take and are spatially very close together (<500 m) the consent holder proposes to resolve this by combining the two take points into one consent.

The maximum daily take from the Waingongoro River was also within consent limits (Figures 6 and 7).

46

2875 Consent Limit - 2592 m³/day 2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0 Jul-2012 Oct-2012 Jan-2013 Apr-2013

Figure 6 Graph of the daily abstraction from the Waingongoro River for the Inaha water supply

3000

Combined Mangatoki Consent Limits - 2504 m³/day 2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0 Jul-2012 Oct-2012 Jan-2013 Apr-2013 Jul-2013

Figure 7 Graph of the daily combined abstraction from the Mangatoki Stream for the Inaha water supply

47

2.4.5 Opunake water supply

4000 Consent Limit - 3650 m³/day 3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0 Jul-2012 Oct-2012 Jan-2013 Apr-2013 1-Jul-2012 00:00:00 to 30-Jun-2013 23:45:00 Figure 8 Graph of the daily abstraction for the Opunake water supply

The maximum daily abstraction from the Waiaua Stream was 1,893 m3, which complied with the daily consented limit of 3,650 m3/day (Figure 8).

2.4.6 Patea water supply All three bores that are used at the Patea WTP are covered by consent 3388. The analysis of abstraction rates and the level of compliance are given in table form below. The consent holder is also required to comply with a combined daily abstraction volume of 1125 m3/day. This was exceeded on one occasion with a maximum daily volume of 1131 m3.

Table 6 Compliance with abstraction rates at the Patea bores

% Compliance with Highest rate of take found Bore No. Consent Limit 15 minute averages in 15 minute data

1 4.7 L/s 99.99 14.75 L/s

2 3.9 L/s 99.3 14.75 L/s

4 10 L/s 99.66 19.7037 L/s

48

1300

1200 Total Consented Take - 1125 m³/day 1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100 0 Jul-2012 Oct-2012 Jan-2013 Apr-2013 1-Jul-2012 00:00:00 to 30-Jun-2013 23:45:00 Figure 9 Graph showing combined daily abstractions from the Patea groundwater bores

2.4.7 Rahotu water supply

200 Consent Limit - 180 m³/day 180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0 Jul-2012 Oct-2012 Jan-2013 Apr-2013 1-Jul-2012 00:00:00 to 30-Jun-2013 23:45:00 Figure 10 Graph of the daily abstraction for the Rahotu water supply

There were four occasions when the maximum daily abstraction limit of 180 m3/day from the Pungaereere Stream was exceeded with a maximum daily take of 188 m3 (Figure 10).

49

2.4.8 Wai-inu Beach water supply

400

350 Consent Limit - 346 m³/day

300

250

200

150

100

50

0 Jul-2012 Oct-2012 Jan-2013 Apr-2013 Figure 11 Graph of daily abstractions for the Wai-inu Beach water supply

The maximum daily abstraction from the bore was 133 m3, which complied with the daily consent limit of 346 m3/day (Figure 11)

2.4.9 Waimate West water supply There are three individual takes for the Waimate West scheme:

• The Mangawhero-iti take directly supplies the Waimate West plant

• The Otakeho take supplies both the Waimate West plant and the Pope WTP

• The Mangawhero take is a contingency used to top-up the Mangawhero-iti Stream during periods of low flow.

The consents for the abstractions from the Mangawhero-iti and Otakeho Streams (consents 0634 and 3911) require that 15 minute abstraction data be telemetered to the Council every two hours. Currently this only occurs with the Mangawhero-iti when the telemetered data starting coming in on 5 September 2012. However this data stream has had issues and the figures below have been produced using the consent holder’s Water Outlook web service which enables Council staff to interrogate the consent holder’s SCADA database directly for 15 minute data.

Table 7 Compliance with consents 0634 and 3911 % Compliance with Highest rate of take found Water take Consent Limit 15 minute averages in 15 minute data

Mangawhero-iti 121 L/s 98.3% 133.6

Otakeho 85 L/s 100% 84 L/s

50

Consent 0631 also requires that a residual flow of 32 L/s be maintained in the Mangawhero-iti Stream below the intake. During the time that data was supplied this requirement was complied with.

0.500

0.450

0.400

0.350

0.300

0.250

0.200

0.150

0.100

0.050 Consent Limit (0634) - 32 L/s (.0032 m³/hour)

0.000 Oct-2012 Jan-2013 Apr-2013 3-Sep-2012 07:17:44 to 2-Jul-2013 09:07:15 Figure 12 Residual flow in the Mangawhero-iti Stream

During the 2012-2013 water was abstracted from the Mangawhero Stream during the drought period in March-April 2013. Only daily volumes for this take appear to be available and on that basis compliance was met.

2.4.10 Waverley water supply Consent 3313 has instantaneous abstraction for each of the three bores and the consent holder is required to provide 15 minute data. This data is analysed in the table below. Consent 3313 also sets a limit of daily abstraction volumes for each bore and this data is illustrated in Figures 13, 14 and 15.

Table 8 Compliance with abstraction rates at the Waverley bores

Consent Limit % Compliance with Highest rate of take found Bore (L/s) 15 minute averages in 15 minute data (L/s)

Chester St 7.0 100 2.69

Fookes St 7.2 99.93 8.80

Swinbourne St 10.3 99.99 14.3

51

500

450

Consent Limit - 400 m³/day 400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0 Jul-2012 Oct-2012 Jan-2013 Apr-2013 Figure 13 1-Jul-2012 Graph 00:00:00 of dailyto 30-Jun-2013 abstractions 23:45:00 from the Chester Street bore

The maximum daily abstraction from the Chester Street bore was 383 m3, which complied with the consent limit of 400 m3/day (Figure 13), however as the table shows there very short period of non compliance in regards to instantaneous rates for the Fookes Street and Chester Street bores. Small periods of non –compliance usually occur on pumped bores during pump start-up where the flow will spike and then settle back to the desired rate. Council deems these non -compliances to be too minor to warrant further action.

600

550

Consent Limit - 500 m³/day 500

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0 Aug-2012 Nov-2012 Feb-2013 May-2013 Figure 14 1-Jul-2012 Graph 23:45:00 of theto 30-Jun-2013 daily abstraction 23:45:00 from the Fookes Street bore

The maximum daily abstraction from the Fookes Street bore was 475 m3, which complied with the consent limit of 500 m3/day (Figure 19).

52

1000

900 Consent Limit -890 m³/day

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0 Jul-2012 Oct-2012 Jan-2013 Apr-2013 1-Jul-2012 00:00:00 to 30-Jun-2013 23:45:00 Figure 15 Graph of the daily abstraction from the Swinbourne Street bore

The maximum daily abstraction from the Swinbourne Street bore was 799 m3, which complied with the consent limit of 890 m3/day (Figure 15).

2.4.11 Oaonui water supply

4000

Consent Limit - 3500 m3/day 3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0 Jul-2012 Oct-2012 Jan-2013 Apr-2013 Figure 16 Graph of the daily abstraction from the Oaonui Stream for the Oaonui water supply

53

There were two minor exceedances with a maximum daily abstraction of 3,664m3 (consent limit of 3,500 m3/day) (Figure 20). These exceedances were brief and no incidents were logged as the abstraction level quickly returned to being in compliance.

2.4.12 Waverley Beach water supply STDC operate this abstraction as a permitted activity and consequently are not required to obtain a resource consent. The Regional Fresh Water Plan for Taranaki [RFWP] allows an abstraction of up to 50 m3/day of groundwater (at a maximum rate of 1.5 litres/second) as a permitted activity.

2.4.13 Nukumaru water supply

Figure 17 Graph of the average daily abstraction for the Nukumaru water supply

Abstraction data for the Nukumaru scheme was recorded manually every one to two weeks. The maximum average daily abstraction was 302 m³day, which complied with the consent limit of 605 m³/day (Figure 17).

2.5 Investigations, interventions, and incidents The monitoring programme for the year was based on what was considered to be an appropriate level of monitoring, review of data, and liaison with the consent holder. During the year matters may arise which require additional activity by the Council eg provision of advice and information, or investigation of potential or actual causes of non-compliance or failure to maintain good practices. A pro-active approach that in the first instance avoids issues occurring is favoured.

The Taranaki Regional Council operates and maintains a register of all complaints or reported and discovered excursions from acceptable limits and practices, including non-compliance with consents, which may damage the environment.

54

The Unauthorised Incident Register (UIR) includes events where the company concerned has itself notified the Council. The register contains details of any investigation and corrective action taken.

Complaints may be alleged to be associated with a particular site. If there is potentially an issue of legal liability, the Council must be able to prove by investigation that the identified company is indeed the source of the incident (or that the allegation cannot be proven).

In the 2012-2013 year it was not necessary for the Council record an incident or undertake any significant intervention in regards to the activities of Oaonui Water Supply Limited or Nukumaru Water Supply Society.

Two incidents were logged in regards to STDC not complying with consent conditions in regards to providing telemetered data from the Waimate West water takes. Two abatement notices were issued setting a deadline date of 30 June 2013 for completion of works. This was later moved back to 31 October 2013 after STDC gave Council access to their Water Outlook database which allows real time monitoring of all STDC abstractions. STDC is currently working on having the data sent automatically via the internet to direct into Council’s data management systems.

55

3. Discussion 3.1 Discussion of plant performance Resource consent conditions require that daily volumes of water abstracted are recorded and the data provided to the Council. This data was provided in a timely manner upon request by all consent holders during the monitoring period with the exception of Nukumaru Water Supply Society.

All intake structures were inspected and found to be in good condition and no issues with fish passage were noted.

During the 2012-2013 periods there were short term exceedances in daily volumes at the Rahotu, Patea and Oaonui plants. These were not deemed sufficient to warrant enforcement action.

Abstractions from the Mangatoki Stream, for the Inaha water supply, are reported as one figure and therefore compliance with the individual consents could not be assessed. The combined daily abstraction complied with the combined consent limits. This matter is been addressed by the consent holder proposing to apply for single consent to cover both takes from the Mangatoki.

Short periods of non –compliance in regard to instantaneous rates occurred At the Waverly WWTTP Council deems these non -compliances to be too minor to warrant further action.

There was a period over Christmas 2012 where the abstraction rates from the Mangawhero-iti Stream exceeded the 121 L/s consent limit. However the highest rate was only 131 L/s and the residual flow never fell below the consent limit of 31 L/s. STDC investigated and found that debris in the Otakeho line from the weir construction constricting flow causing the Mangawhero-iti intake to fluctuate (the intakes are hydraulically linked). When construction of the new plant at Waimate West is completed in in 2014, the intakes will not be linked and this should address this issue. The consent holder is also investigating having the Otakeho line cleared of debris.

Table 9 below summarises compliance in regards to abstraction rates and volumes and the provision of data.

Table 9 Summary of compliance in regards to abstraction rates, volumes and data Records Compliance with daily Compliance with Plant Source Supplied on volumes abstraction rates time? Cold Creek Cold Creek Yes 100% n/a Eltham Waingongoro Yes 100% n/a Hawera Kapuni Yes 100% n/a Kapuni bore Yes Not exercised n/a Mangatoki Yes 100% n/a Inaha Waingongoro Yes 100% n/a Opunake Waiua Yes 100% n/a

56

Records Compliance with daily Compliance with Plant Source Supplied on volumes abstraction rates time? Bore 1 Yes 99.99 Patea Bore 2 Yes 98.4% 99.3

Bore 3 Yes 99.66 Rahotu Pungaereere Yes 98.9% n/a Wai-inu Wai-inu bore Yes 100% n/a Mangawhero-iti Yes N/A 99.12% Waimate West Otakeho Yes N/A 100% Mangawhero Yes 100% n/a Oaonui Oaonui Yes 99.4% n/a Nukumaru Nukumaru bore No 100% n/a Chester St bore Yes 100% 100% Fookes St bore Yes 100% 99.93% Waverley Swinbourne St bore Yes 100% 99.99% Combined take Yes 100% Not assessed Key: N/A= not applicable as consent does not specify a daily volume n/a= not assessed as consents only require daily volumes be reported

Table 9 below summarises compliance in regards to abstraction rates and volumes and the provision of data.

In the 2012-2013 year the STDC was operating under abatement notices for not providing telemetered data required by consent conditions from the Mangawhero- iti, Mangawhero and Otakeho takes. The deadline given in the abatement notice for having the works completed to provide telemetered data was 30 June 2013. Mangawhero-iti data went live on 4 September 2012, however the Otakeho and Mangawhero data was not being sent in as of 30 June 2013. Other consents coming online also have such requirements and it was the consensus view that a more integrated approach for handling STDC’s abstraction data was needed.

As part of an initiative to standardise all STDC water take data handling, the consent holder is arranging to have live abstraction data from its Water Outlook database to be sent automatically to the Councils data systems on an hourly basis. It is envisaged this will occur for all STDC water treatment plants and that the consent holder will also provide other data of interest such raw water physico-chemical parameters.

This is planned to occur in October 2013 and in the interim Council staff have web access to the Water Outlook database which allows real time interrogatory monitoring to occur.

Reports required by consents 0146-2, 1134-2, 1185-3 and 1186-3 on efficient water use, leak detection and repair were submitted to Council.

57

3.2 NES water metering requirements STDC is in the process of addressing NES compliance requirements. They have made a number of applications for approval for meters to be situated way from the point of take. STDC also intends to apply to have consents for the Mangatoki Stream takes combined so that the combined abstraction measurement currently taken would be compliant.

3.3 Environmental effects of exercise of consents No adverse environmental effects were noted on inspections of the water supply schemes.

Filter backwash discharge sampling was conducted at the Kapuni, Inaha and Waimate West WTPs. The results indicated that the discharges were not likely to be causing any adverse environmental effects.

None of the macroinvertebrate or fish surveys indicated any adverse effects occurring due to abstraction activities or related structures.

3.4 Evaluation of performance A tabular summary of the consent holders’ compliance record for the year under review is set out in Tables 10 to 49.

3.4.1 Cold Creek water supply Table 10 Summary of performance for Consent 1134-2 to take and use water for the Cold Creek rural supply from Cold Stream a tributary of the Taungatara Stream

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Rate of abstraction shall not exceed Review of abstraction data Yes 59 l/s

2. Measure and record abstraction and Data received Yes provide to Council

3. Measure and record rate of Records received Yes abstraction and residual flow

4. Measurements transmitted in ‘real System not yet up and running No time’ to Council

5. Residual flow of 189 l/s to remain Records received Yes downstream

6. Staff gauge installed Maintained by Council staff Yes

7. Stream flow measurements Undertaken by Council staff Yes undertaken to obtain a ‘rating curve’

8. Report annually on efficient water Received Yes use, leak detection and repair

58

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

9. One off payment of $20,000 for Received Yes mitigation

10. Review provision No further options for review prior to expiry N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

Table 11 Summary of performance for Consent 5454-1 to erect, place, use and maintain a water intake structure on the bed of Cold Creek for water abstraction purposes

Means of monitoring during period Compliance Condition requirement under review achieved?

1. Notification of Council prior to No maintenance in monitoring period N/A construction and maintenance works

2. Structure to be constructed in Construction completed N/A accordance application

3. Adoption of best practicable option to No maintenance in monitoring period N/A minimise adverse effects

4. Minimise area disturbed and reinstate No maintenance in monitoring period N/A areas disturbed

5. Major construction and maintenance No maintenance in monitoring period N/A to occur between 1 Nov and 30 Apr

6. No obstruction of fish passage Inspection Yes

7. Monitoring and reporting of adequacy Fish surveys scheduled for every 3 years Yes of fish passage

8. Structure to be removed when no Structure in use N/A longer required and area reinstated.

9. Review provision No review option this period N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

Table 12 Summary of performance for Consent 6077-1 to discharge filter backwash water and supernatant from the Cold Creek water treatment plant into the Cold Stream

Means of monitoring during period Compliance Condition requirement under review achieved?

1. Location of discharge point Inspection Yes

2. Limit on discharge rate Inspection Yes

3. Discharge not to cause certain effects Inspection Yes in the receiving waters

59

Means of monitoring during period Compliance Condition requirement under review achieved?

4. Limits on chlorine, suspended solids Not assessed this year N/A and pH in discharge

5. Review provision No review option this period N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

3.4.2 Eltham water supply Table 13 Summary of performance for Consent 0213-3 to take and use water from the Waingongoro River

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Limit on abstraction volume and rate Review of abstraction data provided Yes

2. Recording of abstraction data and Data received Yes provision of records to Council

3. Consent to be exercised in Inspection and liaison with consent holder Yes accordance with application

4. Quantification of reticulation system Report received 1 March 2001 Yes losses and reporting

5. Investigation and report on blocking Report received 18 January 2002 Yes of intake

6. Review of SC1 in 2002 to assess Liaison with consent holders N/A water conservation measures

7. Mitigation by riparian planting Completed N/A

8. Review provision No review option this period N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

Table 14 Summary of performance for Consent 0989-2 to discharge reservoir contents, including accumulated silt, for the Eltham water supply reservoir

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Notification of Council prior to Notification received Yes discharge

2. Minimum flow requirement at time of Monitoring of river flow telemetry Yes discharge

3. Minimise discharge of silt and Consent holder liaison Yes sediment

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

60

Table 15 Summary of performance for Consent 1810-3 to discharge overflow and reservoir drainage water from the Eltham water supply reservoir

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Approval required prior to emptying No discharge during period under review N/A reservoir

2. Periods when consent exercised No discharge during period under review N/A minimised

3. Minimise discharge of sediments No discharge during period under review N/A when emptying reservoir

4. Discharge not to cause certain effects No discharge during period under review N/A in the receiving waters

5. Limits on chlorine and suspended No discharge during period under review N/A solids in the discharge

6. Review provision No further options for review prior to expiry N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent N/A

Table 16 Summary of performance for Consent 1811-3 to discharge filter backwash from the Eltham water treatment plant

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Proper and efficient maintenance of Inspection Yes the settlement pond system

2. Discharge not to cause certain effects in the receiving waters below the Inspection Yes established mixing zone

3. Limits on chlorine and suspended Not assessed this year N/A solids in the discharge

4. Review provision No further options for review prior to expiry N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

3.4.3 Hawera water supply Table 17 Summary of performance for Consent 0146-2 to take and use water from the Kapuni Stream for municipal water supply purposes

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Limit on abstraction volume and rate Review of abstraction data provided Yes

2. Recording of abstraction data and Data received Yes provision of records to Council

61

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

3. Consent to be exercised in accordance with application Report received Yes documentation. Report on efficiency measures every two years

4. Reporting of events when abstraction Data review N/A is greater than 124.5 l/s

Total amount has been paid to the Taranaki Tree 5. Mitigation by riparian planting Yes Trust

6. Preparation and maintenance of management plan for Kapuni Stream Liaison with consent holder – Plan prepared in 2003 Yes in conjunction with other users (within and updated in 2006 three months of granting)

7. Annual leak detection and repair Report received Yes report

8. Point of abstraction Inspection Yes

9. Review provision No further options for review prior to expiry N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

Table 18 Summary of performance for Consent 0933-3 to discharge filter backwash and settling tank sediment into the Kapuni Stream

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Adoption of best practicable option Inspections and liaison with consent holder Yes

2. Exercise of consent in accordance Inspections and liaison with consent holder Yes with application documentation

3. Notification prior to exercise N/A

4. Permanent solution for treatment of Backwash settling pond operating Yes wastes at time of upgrade in 2008

5. Proper and efficient maintenance and Inspections and liaison with consent holder Yes operation of settlement system.

6. Discharge not to have adverse Inspection and sampling Yes effects on receiving waters

7. Limits on certain parameters in the Sampling Yes discharge

8. Lapse provision Not applicable – consent exercised N/A

9. Review provision Next scheduled in 2017, if required N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

62

Table 19 Summary of performance for Consent 5596-1 to and to maintain two existing intake structures in the Kapuni Stream for the Hawera water supply

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Notification of Council prior to No longer in use N/A construction and maintenance works

2. Structure to be constructed in No longer in use N/A accordance with application

3. Construction not to occur between 1 No longer in use N/A May and 31 October

4. Adoption of best practicable option to minimise adverse effects on water No longer in use N/A quality

5. Minimise disturbance during construction and maintenance and No longer in use N/A reinstate disturbed areas

6. No refuelling on the streambed No longer in use N/A

7. No obstruction of fish passage No longer in use N/A

8. Maintenance of flow down fish pass No longer in use N/A to ensure fish passage

9. Structure not to cause erosion adjacent to or downstream of rock No longer in use N/A riprap ramp

10. Only material which makes up existing structure should be extracted No longer in use N/A from streambed during construction

11. Removal of streambed material for maintenance purposes only to occur No longer in use N/A between 1 November and 30 April

12. Removed material to be placed on No longer in use N/A banks of stream downstream of weir

13. Structure to be removed when no Structure removed Yes longer required and area reinstated.

14. Review provision No further options for review prior to expiry N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

Table 20 Summary of performance for Consent 7002-1 to take and use groundwater for municipal, rural, industrial, and recreational supply purposes Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Exercise of consent to be in Inspections of site and records Yes accordance with application

2. Notify the Council in writing at least 7 Notification received Yes days prior to exercise of consent

63

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

3. Provide Council with results of pump Received Yes testing prior to exercise of consent

4. Abstraction not to exceed 4320m³ per Review of abstraction data provided Yes day

5. Abstraction not to cause a more than 10% drop in static water level by Monitored by STDC Yes interference

6. Maintain records of the abstraction Records kept and received by Council Yes from each bore

7. Install device to record abstraction Inspection and data received by Council Yes

8. Consent holder to meet monitoring Liaison with consent holder Yes costs

9. Lapse provision Not applicable – consent exercised N/A

10. Review provision Next scheduled in 2017, if required Yes

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

Table 21 Summary of performance for Consent 7413-1 to erect, use and maintain a water intake structure on the bed of the Kapuni Stream

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Exercise of consent to be in Inspection Yes accordance with application

2. Disturbance of riverbed between 1 N/A N/A November and 30 April only

3. Notification prior to works and Notification received Yes maintenance

4. Area and volume of disturbance Inspection Yes minimised

5. Minimise sediment entering stream Inspection Yes

6. Structure removed and area Structure in use N/A reinstated when no longer required

7. Consent holder to monitor and Fish surveys scheduled for every 3 years N/A maintain fish pass

8. Procedure if archaeological remains None found N/A discovered during construction

9. Lapse provision Not applicable – consent exercised N/A

10. Review provision Next scheduled in June 2017, if required N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

64

Table 22 Summary of performance for Consent 7446-1 to discharge membrane backwash water and cleaning wastewater into the Kapuni Stream

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Best practicable option to minimise Inspection and liaison with consent holder Yes adverse effects

2. No adverse effects on receiving Inspection, sampling, biomonitoring Yes waters

3. Allowable increase in turbidity below Sampling N/A mixing zone

4. Levels of contaminants in discharge Sampling Yes

5. Lapse provision Not applicable N/A

6. Review provision Next scheduled in June 2017, if required Yes

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

Table 23 Summary of performance for Consent 7447-1 to install, use and maintain an outfall structure on the bank of the Kapuni Stream

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Exercise of consent to be in Inspections Yes accordance application

2. Disturbance of riverbed between 1 N/A N/A November and 30 April only

3. Notification prior to works and N/A N/A maintenance

4. Area and volume of disturbance N/A N/A minimised

5. Minimise sediment entering stream N/A N/A

6. Structure removed and area Structure in use N/A reinstated when no longer required

7. Procedure if archaeological remains N/A N/A discovered during construction

8. Lapse provision Consent exercised N/A

9. Review provision Next scheduled in June 2017, if required Yes

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

65

3.4.4 Inaha water supply Table 24 Summary of performance for Consent 1185-3 to take water from the Mangatoki Stream in the Waingongoro catchment for Inaha rural water supply purposes

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Adoption of best practicable option Inspection and liaison with consent holder Yes

2. Exercise in accordance with Inspection and liaison with consent holder Yes application

3. Maximum abstraction 1,122 m3/day at Partly(separate Review of abstraction data 13 l/s data required)

4. Measure and record abstraction rate Partly(separate Data received and provide to Council data required)

5. Maintain intake structure and remove Inspection and liaison with consent holder Yes when no longer required

6. Intake screened to avoid fish Inspection Yes entrainment

7. Intake structure shall not obstruct fish Inspection Yes passage

8. Report annually on efficient water Report received Yes use, leak detection and repair

9. Lapse provision Not applicable – consent exercised N/A

10. Review provision Next scheduled in June 2018, if required N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent Good

Table 25 Summary of performance for Consent 1186-3 to take water from the Waingongoro River for Inaha rural water supply purposes

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Adoption of best practicable option Inspection and liaison with consent holder Yes

2. Exercise in accordance with Inspection and liaison with consent holder Yes application

3. Maximum abstraction 2,592 m3/day at Review of abstraction data Yes 30 l/s

4. Measure and record abstraction rate Data received Yes and provide to Council

5. Maintain intake structure and remove Inspection and liaison with consent holder Yes when no longer required

6. Intake screened to avoid fish Inspection Yes entrainment

66

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

7. Intake structure shall not obstruct fish Inspection Yes passage

8. Report annually on efficient water Report received Yes use, leak detection and repair

9. Lapse provision Not applicable – consent exercised N/A

10. Review provision Next scheduled in June 2018, if required N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

Table 26 Summary of performance for Consent 3927-2 to discharge backwash wastes from the Inaha water supply treatment plant into an unnamed tributary of the Mangatoki Stream

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Proper and efficient maintenance of Inspection Yes the settlement pond system

2. Discharge not to cause certain effects Inspection Yes in the receiving

3. Limits on chlorine and suspended Sampling not Yes solids in the discharge

4. Review provision No further options for review prior to expiry N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

Table 27 Summary of performance for Consent 3928-2 to discharge uncontaminated overflow water from the Inaha rural water supply treatment plant

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Proper and efficient maintenance of Inspection Yes the settlement pond system

2. Discharge not to cause certain effects Inspection Yes in the receiving waters

3. Review provision No further options for review prior to expiry N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

67

Table 28 Summary of performance for Consent 4102-2 to construct a low-level weir and fish pass across the Mangatoki Stream to improve water intake efficiencies

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Adoption of best practicable option No maintenance during period under review N/A

2. Exercise of consent in accordance No maintenance during period under review N/A with application documentation

3. Notification of Council prior to No maintenance during period under review N/A exercise of consent

4. Notification of Council prior to major No maintenance during period under review N/A maintenance works

5. Adoption of best practicable option No maintenance during period under review N/A during maintenance works

6. River bed to disturbance to be No maintenance during period under review N/A minimised during maintenance

7. No maintenance works between 1 No maintenance during period under review N/A May to 31 Oct

8. Structure to be properly maintained Inspection Yes

9. Structure not to impede fish passage Inspection Yes

10. Structure to be removed and area Structure in use N/A reinstated when no longer required

11. Lapse Provision Not applicable - consent exercised N/A

12. Review provision Next scheduled in June 2017, if required N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

Table 29 Summary of performance for Consent 5364-1 to take and use water from the Mangatoki Stream for Inaha rural supply scheme purposes Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

Partly(separate data 1. Limit on abstraction volume and rate Review of abstraction data required)

2. Recording of abstraction data and Partly(separate data Data received provision of records to Council required)

3. Consent to be exercised in Inspection and liaison with consent holder Yes accordance with application

4. Mitigation by riparian planting Liaison with consent holder Yes

5. Right of Council to suspend or reduce Right not exercised N/A abstraction during extreme low flows

6. Review provision No further options for review prior to expiry N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent Good

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Table 30 Summary of performance for Consent 5365-1 to erect, place and maintain a low level intake weir in the Mangatoki Stream for Inaha rural water supply scheme purposes

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Notification of Council prior to No maintenance during period under review N/A construction and maintenance works

2. Adoption of best practicable option to No maintenance during period under review N/A minimise adverse effects

3. No obstruction of fish passage Inspection Yes

4. Construction and maintenance to be No maintenance during period under review N/A in accordance with application

5. Maintain and operate safe structure Inspection Yes

6. Structure to be removed when no Structure in use N/A longer required and area reinstated

7. Review provision No further options for review prior to expiry N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

3.4.5 Opunake water supply Table 31 Summary of performance for Consent 0232-3 to take water from the Waiaua Stream for Opunake town water supply purposes Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Recording of abstraction and Data received Yes provision of data to Council

2. No obstruction of fish passage Inspection Yes

3. Review provision No review option this period Yes

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

Table 32 Summary of performance for Consent 5574-1 to discharge filter backwash water and settling tank sediment from the Opunake Water Treatment Plant into the Waiaua River

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Proper and efficient maintenance and Inspection and liaison with consent holder Yes operation of settlement lagoon

2. Discharge not to cause certain effects Inspection, sampling and biomonitoring Yes in the receiving waters

3. Limits on chlorine and suspended Not assessed this period N/A solids in discharge

4. Review provision No further options for review prior to expiry N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

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Table 33 Summary of performance for Consent 9473-1 to construct, place and use a water intake structure on the bed of the Waiaua River for water abstraction purposes

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Intake specifications Inspection during construction Yes

2. Notification prior to works Notification received Yes

3. Minimise river bed disturbance Inspection during construction Yes

4. Minimise sediment discharge to river Inspection during construction Yes

5. Ensure screen does not entrap fauna Not yet assessed N/A

6. No obstruction of fish passage Inspection Yes

7. Financial payment Payment not due until September 2013 Yes

8. Procedures for archaeological finds Nothing found N/A

9. Remove structure when no longer Structure being used N/A required

10. Lapse condition Consent exercised N/A

11. Reviews June 2018 and June 2024 No review option this period N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

3.4.6 Patea water supply Table 34 To take and use groundwater from three bores (known as Bore 1, Bore 2 and Bore 4) for Patea Township water supply purposes

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Total daily extraction not to exceed One non Data received 1125 m3 compliance

2. Each bore not to exceed certain Minor non- Data received abstraction rates compliance

3. Bore 3 not to exceed 300 m3/day Data received Yes

4. Install flow meters Data received N/A

5. Install data logger Data received Yes

6. Inform Council of any equipment Programme supervision N/A malfunction

7. Provide access to equipment Inspection Yes

8. Adopt best practical option Inspection Yes

9. Measure level in Brannigan’s bore Groundwater level recorder installed Yes

10. Consultations with Brannigan’s bore Liaison with consent holder – not necessary N/A owner if levels meet certain criteria

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Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

11. Restrict use or provide water to Brannigan’s bore owner if levels Liaison with consent holder – not necessary Yes meet certain criteria

12. Not to cause saltwater intrusion Not assessed N/A

13. Review provision No further options for review prior to expiry. N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent Good

3.4.7 Pope water supply Table 35 Summary of performance for Consent 4446-1 to discharge treated backwash water from the Pope Rural Water Supply Treatment Plant

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Adoption of best practicable option Inspection and liaison with consent holder Yes

2. Exercise in accordance with Inspection and liaison with consent holder Yes application

3. Maximum discharge of 6 m3/day at 5 Not assessed N/A l/s

4. Limits not to be exceeded in the Sampling – not sampled during period under review N/A discharge

5. Efficient operation Inspection and liaison with consent holder Yes

6. No effects on receiving water Inspection Yes

7. Lapse provision Not applicable – consent exercised N/A

8. Review provision Next scheduled in June 2017, if required N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

3.4.8 Rahotu water supply Table 36 Summary of performance for Consent 3696-2 to take and use water from the Pungaereere Stream for Rahotu community water supply scheme

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Limit on abstraction volume and rate Review abstraction data provided to Council 4 non-compliances

2. Recording of abstraction and Data received Yes provision of data to Council

3. Review provision No further options for review prior to expiry N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent Good

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Table 37 Summary of performance for Consent 6038-1 to discharge filter backwash water and settling tank waste from the Rahotu water treatment plant into the Pungaereere Stream

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Discharge not to cause certain effects N/A in the receiving waters below the Not assessed this year established mixing zone

2. Limits on chlorine and pH in N/A Not assessed this year discharge

3. Review provision A review was not required N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent N/A

3.4.9 Wai-inu Beach water supply Table 38 Summary of performance for Consent 3770-2 to take water from a bore in the Waitotara Catchment for Wai-inu Beach Settlement water supply purposes

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Recording of abstraction data Liaison with consent holder Yes

2. Provision of abstraction data to Data received Yes Council

3. Forward results of hydraulic or Liaison with consent holder – no testing carried out N/A chemical testing for bore

4. Provision at top of bore for water level measurements and water quality Inspection Yes sampling

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

3.4.10 Waimate West water supply Table 39 Summary of performance for Consent 0129-3 to discharge treated washwater from the Waimate water supply scheme into an unnamed tributary of the Mangawhero-iti Stream

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Adoption of best practicable option Inspection and liaison with consent holder Yes

2. Exercise in accordance with Inspection and liaison with consent holder Yes application

3. Maximum discharge rate 360 m3/day Not assessed N/A

4. Limits on discharge not to be Sampling Yes exceeded

5. Efficient operation Inspection and liaison with consent holder Yes

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Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

6. No effects on receiving water Inspection and sampling Yes

7. Lapse provision Not applicable- consent exercised N/A

8. Review provision Next scheduled in June 2017, if required N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

Table 40 Summary of performance for Consent 0634-3 to take water from the Mangawhero-iti Stream for the Waimate West water supply

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Max rate of abstraction 121 l/s Review of abstraction data provided No

2. Limit on abstraction unless water is Review of abstraction data provided Not assessed taken from Otakeho Stream at 85 l/s

3. Installation of water meter and datalogger and records of volumes Inspections and abstraction data Yes abstracted

4. Notification of installation of water Received Yes meter and datalogger

5. Notification of equipment failure No problems during monitoring period Yes

6. Water meter and datalogger Inspections Yes accessible to Council

7. Records of water taken in suitable Review of abstraction data provided Yes format

8. Flow in Mangawhero-iti Stream New consent – data to be provided in next monitoring downstream of intake to be N/A period maintained above 32 l/s

9. Flow of Mangawhero-iti Stream New consent – data to be provided in next monitoring N/A recorded when less than 500 l/s period

10. Measurements to be transmitted to Reception of telemetry Yes Council in ‘real time’

11. Staff gauge to be installed Installed by Council Yes

12. Sufficient stream flow measurements undertaken to maintain a ‘rating Gauging undertaken by Council Yes curve’

13. Best practicable option to prevent or minimise adverse environmental Inspections, data review Yes effects

14. Annual report due 1 September Received July 2011 Yes

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Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

15. Five annual payments of $30,600 due Payment received Yes 2011 to 2015

16. Review of consent conditions Next scheduled during 2018, if required N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent Good

Table 41 Summary of performance for Consent 0635-3 to take water from the Mangawhero Stream to add to the flow of the Mangawhero-iti Stream for water supply purposes

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Max rate of take 70 l/s Review of abstraction data provided Yes

2. No water taken unless also taken from Otakeho and Mangawhero-iti Inspections and liaison with consent holder Yes Streams

3. Installation of water meter and datalogger and records of volumes Inspections and abstraction data Yes abstracted

4. Notification of installation of water Received Yes meter and datalogger

5. Notification of equipment failure N/A N/A

6. Water meter and datalogger Inspections Yes accessible to Council

7. Records of water taken in suitable Review of abstraction data provided Yes format

8. Measurements to be transmitted to Data received- due June 2012 No-overdue Council in ‘real time’

9. Best practicable option to prevent or minimise adverse environmental Inspections, data review Yes effects

10. Provision for review in June 1994 N/A N/A

Improvement Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent Desired

Table 42 Summary of performance for Consent 3911-2 to divert and use water from the Otakeho Stream for the Pope and Waimate West water supply schemes

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Limit on abstraction rate Review of abstraction data provided Yes

2. Installation of water meter and datalogger and records of volumes Inspections and abstraction data Yes abstracted

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Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

3. Notification of installation of water Received Yes meter and datalogger

4. Notification of equipment failure N/A Yes

5. Water meter and datalogger Inspections Yes accessible to Council

6. Records of water taken in suitable Review of abstraction data provided Yes format

7. Best practicable option to prevent or minimise adverse environmental Inspections, data review Yes effects

8. Measurements to be transmitted to Data received Overdue Council in ‘real time’

9. Flows of less than 500 l/s recorded Due June 2017 N/A

10. Review provision Recommendation attached N/A

Improvement Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent Desired

Table 43 Summary of performance for Consent 4826-2 to place, use and maintain a water intake structure and associated structures on the bed of the Otakeho Stream Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Notification of Council prior to Notification received Yes construction and maintenance works

2. Structure to be constructed in Construction completed N/A accordance with application

3. Adoption of best practicable option to minimise adverse effects on water Inspection and liaison with consent holder Yes quality

4. Minimise disturbance during Inspection and liaison with consent holder Yes construction and maintenance

5. Maintenance works to only occur Waived by Council Yes between 1 April and 30 November

6. No obstruction of fish passage Inspection Yes

7. Council Biologist to be present during Biologist present Yes construction of the fish pass

8. Structure to be removed when no longer required and area reinstated. Structure in use N/A Council to be notified prior to removal

9. Review provision No further options for review prior to expiry N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

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Table 44 Summary of performance for Consent 5451-1 to erect, place, use and maintain a water intake structure on the bed of the Mangawhero-iti Stream for water abstraction purposes Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved? 1. Notification of Council prior to Notification received Yes construction and maintenance works

2. Structure to be constructed in accordance with application Construction completed N/A documents

3. Adoption of best practicable option to minimise adverse effects on water Inspection and liaison with consent holder Yes quality

4. Minimise disturbance during construction and maintenance and Inspection and liaison with consent holder Yes reinstate disturbed areas

5. Maintenance works to only occur Yes between 1 April and 30 November

6. No obstruction of fish passage Inspection and triennial fish survey Yes

7. Monitoring programme to determine Triennial fish surveys Yes fish passage

8. Structure to be removed when no Structure in use N/A longer required and area reinstated

9. Review provision No further options for review prior to expiry Yes

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

Table 45 Summary of performance for Consent 5452-1 to erect, place, use and maintain a water intake structure on the bed of the Mangawhero Stream for water abstraction

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Notification of Council prior to No maintenance during period under review N/A construction and maintenance works

2. Structure to be constructed in Construction completed N/A accordance with application

3. Adoption of best practicable option to minimise adverse effects on water No maintenance during period under review N/A quality

4. Minimise disturbance during construction and maintenance and No maintenance during period under review N/A reinstate disturbed areas

5. Maintenance works to only occur between 1 April and 30 November or No maintenance during period under review N/A with written approval from Council

6. No obstruction of fish passage Triennial fish surveys Yes

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Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

7. Monitoring programme to determine Triennial fish surveys Yes fish passage

8. Structure to be removed when no Structure in use N/A longer required and area reinstated

9. Review provision No further options for review prior to expiry Yes

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

3.4.11 Waverley water supply Table 46 Summary of performance for Consent 3313-3 to take and use groundwater from the Fookes and Chester Street bores for Waverley municipal supply purposes

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Combined take not to exceed 14.2 Review of abstraction data Yes L/s or 900 m3/day

Yes (daily volumes) 2. Daily maximum volume and Review of abstraction data abstraction limits for each bore 99%+ compliance for rates of abstraction

3. Bores to have permanent labelling Inspections Yes

4. Water meter and datalogger installed and maintained on Chester and Inspections Yes Fookes St bores

5. Install and maintain equipment on Inspection Yes Swinbourne St bore.

6. Install and maintain equipment on Inspection Yes Swinbourne St bore.

7. Recording of abstraction data Data received Yes

8. Notice of installation of water Notification received Yes measuring equipment

9. Notification of non-operational No problems during monitoring period Yes measuring equipment

10. Best practicable option to prevent or Inspections, review or data Yes minimise adverse effects

11. No intrusion of salt water Not assessed N/A

12. Access to well provided for water Inspections Yes measurement purposes

13. Review of consent Next scheduled in June 2016, if required N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

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3.4.12 Oaonui water supply Table 47 Summary of performance for Consent 0231-3 to take and use water from the Oaonui Stream for a rural community water supply scheme and the Maui Production Station Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

No – volume 1. Limit on abstraction volume and rate Review of abstraction data provided exceeded on two occasions

2. Recording of abstraction data and Data received Yes provision of records to Council

3. Promotion of water conservation and No longer required N/A reporting

4. Mitigation by riparian planting Payments up to date with Taranaki Tree Trust Yes

5. Provision for change or cancellation No request for change or cancellation N/A

6. Review provision Recommendation attached N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent Good

Table 48 Summary of performance for Consent 5453-1 to erect, place, use and maintain a water intake structure on the bed of the Oaonui Stream for water abstraction purposes

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Notification of Council prior to No maintenance in period under review N/A construction and maintenance works

2. Construction and maintenance to be No maintenance in period under review N/A in accordance application

3. Adoption of best practicable option to minimise adverse effects on water No maintenance in period under review N/A quality

4. Minimise riverbed disturbance and No maintenance in period under review N/A reinstate areas disturbed

5. Major maintenance to occur between No maintenance in period under review N/A 1 November and 30 April

6. No obstruction of fish passage Inspection Yes

7. Monitoring and reporting of adequacy Fish surveys scheduled for once every three years N/A of fish passage

8. Structure to be removed when no Structure in use N/A longer required and area reinstated.

9. Review provision No further review options N/A

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent High

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3.4.13 Nukumaru water supply Table 49 Summary of performance for Consent 6451-1 to take and use groundwater from up to two bores for the purpose of supplying the Nukumaru community rural water scheme

Compliance Condition requirement Means of monitoring during period under review achieved?

1. Exercise of consent to be in accordance with documentation Inspection and liaison with consent holder Yes supporting application

Yes 2. Limit on abstraction rate and volume Review of abstraction data provided

Yes 3. Installation of water meter Inspection

4. Recording of abstraction data and provision of data to Council by 31 Data provided No July each year

Yes 5. Cost of monitoring to be borne by Consent holder charged for monitoring Consent holder

N/A 6. Lapse condition Not applicable - consent exercised

N/A 7. Review provision Next optional review June 2017, if required

Overall assessment of consent compliance and environment performance in respect of this consent Good

Overall STDC demonstrated a good level of environmental performance and compliance with their resource consents. Whilst there are some on-going non- compliances in regards to meeting deadlines for electronic transmission of abstraction data, the consent holder is constantly working toward compliance whilst simultaneously undertaking a major network upgrade. Non compliances in regards to abstraction rates and volumes were not considered significant.

OWSL demonstrated a good level of environmental performance and compliance with their resource consents. There were two minor short term non compliances in regards to daily volumes.

Nukumaru Water Scheme Society Incorporated demonstrated a good level of environmental performance and compliance with their resource consents. All abstraction volumes were within compliance, however abstraction records were not provided by 31 July 2013 as required.

3.5 Recommendations from the 2011-2012 Monitoring Report In the 2011-2012 Monitoring Report, it was recommended:

1. THAT monitoring of the South Taranaki water supply schemes during 2012-2013 remain unchanged from that of 2011-2012.

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2. THAT the option for a review of resource consent 6031-1 in June 2013, as set out in conditions of the consent, not be exercised, on the grounds that the conditions are adequate to deal with any significant adverse effects on the environment arising from the exercise of the consent.

These recommendations were implemented.

3.6 Alterations to monitoring programmes for 2013-2014 In designing and implementing the monitoring programmes for water abstractions/discharges in the region, the Taranaki Regional Council has taken into account the extent of information made available by previous authorities, its relevance under the Resource Management Act, the obligations of the Act in terms of monitoring abstractions /discharges and effects, and subsequently reporting to the regional community, the scope of assessments required at the time of renewal of permits, and the need to maintain a sound understanding of industrial processes within Taranaki abstracting water and discharging to the environment.

It is proposed that for 2013-2014 the monitoring programme remain unchanged from that of 2012-2013.

A recommendation to this effect is presented in Section 4 of this report.

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4. Recommendations

THAT monitoring of the South Taranaki water supply schemes during 2013- 2014 remain unchanged from that of 2012-2013.

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Glossary of common terms and abbreviations

The following abbreviations and terms may have been used within this report:

Aeolian erosion wind erosion Al* aluminium As* arsenic Biomonitoring assessing the health of the environment using aquatic organisms BOD biochemical oxygen demand. A measure of the presence of degradable organic matter, taking into account the biological conversion of ammonia to nitrate BODF biochemical oxygen demand of a filtered sample bund a wall around a tank to contain its contents in the case of a leak CBOD carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand. A measure of the presence of degradable organic matter, excluding the biological conversion of ammonia to nitrate cfu colony forming units. A measure of the concentration of bacteria usually expressed as per 100 millilitre sample COD chemical oxygen demand. A measure of the oxygen required to oxidise all matter in a sample by chemical reaction Condy conductivity, an indication of the level of dissolved salts in a sample, usually measured at 20°C and expressed in mS/m Cu* copper DO dissolved oxygen DRP dissolved reactive phosphorus E.coli escherichia coli, an indicator of the possible presence of faecal material and pathological micro-organisms. Usually expressed as colony forming units per 100 millilitre sample Ent enterococci, an indicator of the possible presence of faecal material and pathological micro-organisms. Usually expressed as colony forming units per 100 millilitre of sample F fluoride FC faecal coliforms, an indicator of the possible presence of faecal material and pathological micro-organisms. Usually expressed as colony forming units per 100 millilitre sample fresh elevated flow in a stream, such as after heavy rainfall g/m3 grams per cubic metre, and equivalent to milligrams per litre (mg/L). In water, this is also equivalent to parts per million (ppm), but the same does not apply to gaseous mixtures Incident an event that is alleged or is found to have occurred that may have actual or potential environmental consequences or may involve non-compliance with a consent or rule in a regional plan. Registration of an incident by the Council does not automatically mean such an outcome had actually occurred Intervention action/s taken by Council to instruct or direct actions be taken to avoid or reduce the likelihood of an incident occurring Investigation action taken by Council to establish what were the circumstances/events surrounding an incident including any allegations of an incident l/s litres per secondl/slitres per second

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MCI macroinvertebrate community index; a numerical indication of the state of biological life in a stream that takes into account the sensitivity of the taxa present to organic pollution in stony habitats mS/m millisiemens per metre mixing zone the zone below a discharge point where the discharge is not fully mixed with the receiving environment. For a stream, conventionally taken as a length equivalent to 7 times the width of the stream at the discharge point NH4 ammonium, normally expressed in terms of the mass of nitrogen (N) NH3 unionised ammonia, normally expressed in terms of the mass of nitrogen (N) NO3 nitrate, normally expressed in terms of the mass of nitrogen (N) NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit, a measure of the turbidity of water O&G oil and grease, defined as anything that will dissolve into a particular organic solvent (e.g. hexane). May include both animal material (fats) and mineral matter (hydrocarbons) Pb* lead pH a numerical system for measuring acidity in solutions, with 7 as neutral. Numbers lower than 7 are increasingly acidic and higher than 7 are increasingly alkaline. The scale is logarithmic i.e. a change of 1 represents a ten-fold change in strength. For example, a pH of 4 is ten times more acidic than a pH of 5 Physicochemical measurement of both physical properties (e.g. temperature, clarity, density) and chemical determinants (e.g. metals and nutrients) to characterise the state of an environment PM10 relatively fine airborne particles (less than 10 micrometre diameter) resource consent refer Section 87 of the RMA. Resource consents include land use consents (refer Sections 9 and 13 of the RMA), coastal permits (Sections 12, 14 and 15), water permits (Section 14) and discharge permits (Section 15) RMA Resource Management Act 1991 and subsequent amendments SS suspended solids Temp temperature, measured in °C (degrees Celsius) Turb turbidity, expressed in NTU UI Unauthorised Incident UIR Unauthorised Incident Register – contains a list of events recorded by the Council on the basis that they may have the potential or actual environmental consequences that may represent a breach of a consent or provision in a Regional Plan

Zn* zinc

*an abbreviation for a metal or other analyte may be followed by the letters 'As', to denote the amount of metal recoverable in acidic conditions. This is taken as indicating the total amount of metal that might be solubilised under extreme environmental conditions. The abbreviation may alternatively be followed by the letter 'D', denoting the amount of the metal present in dissolved form rather than in particulate or solid form.

For further information on analytical methods, contact the Council’s laboratory.

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Bibliography and references Taranaki Regional Council, 2012, South Taranaki Water Supplies Monitoring Programme Annual Report 2011-2012, Technical Report 2012-78

Taranaki Regional Council, 2011, South Taranaki Water Supplies Monitoring Programme Annual Report 2010-2011, Technical Report 2011-42

Taranaki Regional Council, 2010, South Taranaki Water Supplies Monitoring Programme Annual Report 2009-2010, Technical Report 2010-53

Taranaki Regional Council, 2010, South Taranaki Water Supplies Monitoring Programme Annual Report 2008-2009, Technical Report 2009-84

Taranaki Regional Council, 2008, South Taranaki District Water Supply Plants Monitoring Programme Biennial Report 2006-2008, Technical Report 2008-85

Taranaki Regional Council, 2006, South Taranaki District Water Supply Plants and Structures Monitoring Programme Annual Report 2005-2006, Technical Report 2006-22

Taranaki Regional Council, 2005, South Taranaki District Water Supply Plants and Structures Monitoring Programme Annual Report 2004-2005, Technical Report 2005-54

Taranaki Regional Council, 2004, South Taranaki District Council Water Supply Plants and Structures Monitoring Programme Annual Report 2003-2004, Technical Report 2004-09

Taranaki Regional Council, 2003, South Taranaki District Council Water Supply Plants and Structures Monitoring Programme Annual Report 2002-2003, Technical Report 2003-69

Taranaki Regional Council, 2002, South Taranaki District Council Water Supply Plants and Structures Monitoring Programme Annual Report 2001-2002, Technical Report 2002-64

Taranaki Regional Council, 2001, South Taranaki District Council Water Supply Plants and Structures Monitoring Programme Annual Report 2000-2001, Technical Report 2001-65

Taranaki Regional Council, 2000, South Taranaki District Council Water Supply Plants and Structures Monitoring Programme Annual Report 1999-2000, Technical Report 2000-80

Taranaki Regional Council, 1999, South Taranaki District Council Water Supply Plants and Structures Monitoring Programme Annual Report 1998-99, Technical Report 99-51

Taranaki Regional Council, 1998, South Taranaki District Council Water Supply Plants and Structures Monitoring Programme Annual Report 1997-98, Technical Report 98-94

Taranaki Regional Council, 1997, Hawera Water Treatment Plant Annual Report 1996-97. Technical Report 97-43.

Taranaki Regional Council, 1996, Hawera Water Treatment Plant Annual Report 1995-96. Technical Report 96-40.

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Taranaki Regional Council, 1995, Hawera Water Treatment Plant Annual Report 1994-95. Technical Report 95-24.

Taranaki Regional Council, 1994, Hawera Water Treatment Plant Annual Report 1993-94. Technical Report 94-47.

Taranaki Regional Council, 1993, Hawera Water Treatment Plant Annual Report 1992-93. Technical Report 93-19.

Taranaki Regional Council, 1992, Hawera Water Treatment Plant Annual Report 1991-92. Technical Report 92-24.

Taranaki Regional Council, 1991, Hawera Water Treatment Plant Annual Report 1990-91. Technical Report 91-24.

Taranaki Regional Council, 1990, Hawera Water Treatment Plant Annual Report 1989-90. Technical Report 90-38.

Appendix I

Resource consents held by STDC, OWSL and NWSSI

Cold Creek water supply

Eltham water supply

Consent 0989-3

Discharge Permit Pursuant to the Resource Management Act 1991 a resource consent is hereby granted by the Taranaki Regional Council

Name of South Taranaki District Council Consent Holder: Private Bag 902 HAWERA 4640

Decision Date: 5 November 2012

Commencement 5 November 2012 Date:

Conditions of Consent

Consent Granted: To discharge reservoir contents from the Eltham Water Supply Reservoir onto land adjacent to the Waingongoro River at or about (NZTM) 1708817E-5639437N

Expiry Date: 1 June 2029

Review Date(s): June 2017, June 2023

Site Location: Finnerty Road Ngaere Eltham

Legal Description: Lot 1 DP 11209 Blk V Ngaere SD (Discharge source & site)

Catchment: Waingongoro

For General, Standard and Special conditions pertaining to this consent please see reverse side of this document Page 1 of 3

Doc# 1116350-v1 Consent 0989-3

General condition a. The consent holder shall pay to the Taranaki Regional Council all the administration, monitoring and supervision costs of this consent, fixed in accordance with section 36 of the Resource Management Act 1991.

Special conditions

1. The consent holder shall at all times adopt the best practicable option, as defined in section 2 of the Resource Management Act 1991, to prevent or minimise any adverse effects on the environment from the exercise of this consent including, but not limited to, ensuring the discharge occurs over a period in excess of 4 days.

2. The consent holder shall notify the Council of the intention to discharge at least 2 working days prior to discharge occurring. Notification shall include the consent number and a brief description of the activity consented and be emailed to [email protected].

3. The volume of the discharge shall not exceed 5000 cubic metres and shall occur no more frequently than once every calendar year.

4. The discharge shall only commence when flows in the Waingongoro River at Eltham road are greater than 1050 litres per second.

5. All reservoir contents shall be directed over land before entering the Waingongoro River. There shall be no direct discharge to the Waingongoro River.

6. The consent holder shall, as far as practicable, reduce the volume of sediment and silt in the discharge before entering the Waingongoro River, including the off-site disposal of settled solids from the bottom of the reservoir.

7. The maximum concentration of the suspended solid contained in the discharge shall not exceed 100 gm-3.

8. After allowing for reasonable mixing, within a mixing zone extending 100 metres downstream of the discharge point, the discharge shall not, either by itself or in combination with other discharges, give rise to any or all of the following effects in the receiving water:

a) the production of any conspicuous oil or grease films, scums or foams, or floatable or suspended materials; b) any conspicuous change in the colour or visual clarity; c) any emission of objectionable odour; d) the rendering of fresh water unsuitable for consumption by farm animals; e) any significant adverse effects on aquatic life.

Page 2 of 3 Consent 0989-3

9. In accordance with section 128 and section 129 of the Resource Management Act 1991, the Taranaki Regional Council may serve notice of its intention to review, amend, delete or add to the conditions of this resource consent by giving notice of review during the month of June 2017 and/or June 2023, for the purpose of ensuring that the conditions are adequate to deal with any adverse effects on the environment arising from the exercise of this resource consent, which were either not foreseen at the time the application was considered or which it was not appropriate to deal with at the time.

Signed at Stratford on 5 November 2012

For and on behalf of Taranaki Regional Council

______Director-Resource Management

Page 3 of 3

Hawera water supply

Inaha water supply

Opunake water supply

Consent 9473-1

Land Use Consent Pursuant to the Resource Management Act 1991 a resource consent is hereby granted by the Taranaki Regional Council

Name of South Taranaki District Council Consent Holder: Private Bag 902 HAWERA 4640

Decision Date: 21 February 2013

Commencement Date: 21 February 2013

Conditions of Consent

Consent Granted: To construct, place and use a water intake structure on the bed of the Waiaua River for water abstraction purposes

Expiry Date: 1 June 2030

Review Date(s): June 2018, June 2024

Site Location: Opunake Water Treatment Plant, 470 Ihaia Road, Opunake

Legal Description: Sec 4 Blk X Opunake SD (Site of structure)

Grid Reference (NZTM) 1678013E-5635411N

Catchment: Waiaua

For General, Standard and Special conditions pertaining to this consent please see reverse side of this document Page 1 of 3

Doc# 1164635-v1 Consent 9473-1

General condition a. The consent holder shall pay to the Taranaki Regional Council [the Council] all the administration, monitoring and supervision costs of this consent, fixed in accordance to section 36 of the Resource Management Act.

Special conditions

1. The water intake structure shall:

a) have a 0.75 mm slot size wedge wire screen; b) be 300 mm in diameter; c) 1500 mm in length; and d) the bottom of the screen to sit a nominal 225 mm above the existing riverbed.

2. The consent holder shall notify the Chief Executive, Taranaki Regional Council, in writing at least 48 hours prior to the commencement and upon completion of the initial installation and again at least 48 hours prior to and upon completion of any subsequent maintenance works which would involve disturbance of or deposition to the riverbed or discharges to water. Notification shall include the consent number and a brief description of the activity consented and be emailed to [email protected]. Notification by fax or post is acceptable only if the consent holder does not have access to email.

3. The consent holder shall ensure that the area and volume of riverbed disturbance shall, so far as is practicable, be minimised and any areas which are disturbed shall, so far as is practicable, be reinstated.

4. The consent holder shall take all reasonable steps to:

a. minimise the amount of sediment discharged to the river; b. minimise the amount of sediment that becomes suspended in the river; and c. mitigate the effects of any sediment in the river.

Undertaking work in accordance with Guidelines for Earthworks in the Taranaki Region, by the Taranaki Regional Council, will achieve compliance with this condition.

5. The consent holder shall ensure that the water intake structure is appropriately screened to avoid the entrapment of freshwater fauna. The maximum screen slot velocity shall be no more than 0.15 m/s at design capacity.

6. The water intake structure shall not obstruct fish passage.

7. To mitigate the adverse environmental effects of this consent the consent holder shall make a single payment of $20,000 (excluding GST) to the Taranaki Regional Council as a financial contribution for the purpose of providing riparian planting and management in the Waiaua Stream catchment. The payment shall be made before 1 September 2013.

Page 2 of 3 Consent 9473-1

8. In the event that any archaeological remains are discovered as a result of works authorised by this consent, the works shall cease immediately at the affected site and tangata whenua and the Chief Executive, Taranaki Regional Council, shall be notified within one working day. Works may recommence at the affected area when advised to do so by the Chief Executive, Taranaki Regional Council. Such advice shall be given after the Chief Executive has considered: tangata whenua interest and values, the consent holder’s interests, the interests of the public generally, and any archaeological or scientific evidence. The New Zealand Police, Coroner, and Historic Places Trust shall also be contacted as appropriate, and the work shall not recommence in the affected area until any necessary statutory authorisations or consents have been obtained.

9. Except with the written agreement of the Chief Executive, Taranaki Regional Council, the structure authorised by this consent shall be removed and the area reinstated, if and when the structure is no longer required. A further resource consent may be required to authorise the removal of the structure, and the consent holder is advised to seek advice from the Council on this matter.

10. This consent shall lapse on 31 March 2018, unless the consent is given effect to before the end of that period or the Taranaki Regional Council fixes a longer period pursuant to section 125(1)(b) of the Resource Management Act 1991.

11. In accordance with section 128 and section 129 of the Resource Management Act 1991, the Taranaki Regional Council may serve notice of its intention to review, amend, delete or add to the conditions of this resource consent by giving notice of review during the month of June 2018 and/or June 2024, for the purpose of ensuring that the conditions are adequate to deal with any adverse effects on the environment arising from the exercise of this resource consent, which were either not foreseen at the time the application was considered or which it was not appropriate to deal with at the time.

Signed at Stratford on 21 February 2013

For and on behalf of Taranaki Regional Council

______Director-Resource Management

Page 3 of 3

Patea water supply

Consent 3388-3

Water Permit Pursuant to the Resource Management Act 1991 a resource consent is hereby granted by the Taranaki Regional Council

Name of South Taranaki District Council Consent Holder: Private Bag 902 HAWERA 4640

Decision Date: 30 May 2012

Commencement 30 May 2012 Date:

Conditions of Consent

Consent Granted: To take and use groundwater from three bores (known as Bore 1, Bore 2 and Bore 4) for Patea Township water supply purposes at or about (NZTM) 1725371E-5599179N, 1725360E-5599188N and 1725006E-5599997N

Expiry Date: 1 June 2028

Review Date(s): June 2016, June 2022

Site Location: Egmont Street, Patea

Legal Description: Pt Lot 1 DP 411166 (Bores 1 & 2) & Lot 1 DP 5899 (Bore 4) Patea Dist Blk VI Carlyle SD (Site of structures)

Catchment: Patea

For General, Standard and Special conditions pertaining to this consent please see reverse side of this document Page 1 of 3

Doc# 1052341-v1 Consent 3388-3

General condition a. The consent holder shall pay to the Taranaki Regional Council all the administration, monitoring and supervision costs of this consent, fixed in accordance with section 36 of the Resource Management Act 1991.

Special conditions

1. The total volume of groundwater taken from the three bores combined shall not exceed 1,125 cubic metres per day.

2. Subject to condition 3, the rate of take from each bore shall not exceed the maximum rate shown in the table below:

Bore # Maximum rate 1 4.7 litres per second 2 3.9 litres per second 4 10 litres per second

3. The volume taken from Bore 1 shall not exceed 300 cubic metres per day unless either Bore 2 or Bore 4 is unable to be operated because of breakdown or is shut down for essential maintenance.

4. Before exercising this consent the consent holder shall install, and thereafter maintain a water meter and a datalogger on each bore. The water meters and dataloggers shall be tamper-proof and shall measure and record the rate and volume of water taken to an accuracy of ± 5%. Note: Water meters and dataloggers must be installed, and regularly maintained, in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications in order to ensure that they meet the required accuracy. Even with proper maintenance water meters and dataloggers have a limited lifespan.

5. Within 30 days of the installation of a water meter or datalogger, and at other times when reasonable notice is given, the consent holder shall provide the Chief Executive, Taranaki Regional Council with a document from a suitably qualified person certifying that: a. water measuring or recording equipment required by the conditions of this consent has been installed and/or maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications; and/or b. water measuring or recording equipment required by the conditions of this consent has been tested and shown to be operating to an accuracy of ± 5%.

6. If any measuring or recording equipment breaks down, or for any reason is not operational, the consent holder shall advise the Chief Executive, Taranaki Regional Council immediately. Any repairs or maintenance to this equipment must be undertaken by a suitably qualified person.

Page 2 of 3 Consent 3388-3

7. The water meter and datalogger shall be accessible to Taranaki Regional Council officer’s at all reasonable times for inspection and/or data retrieval.

8. At all times the consent holder shall adopt the best practicable option to prevent or minimise any actual or likely adverse effect on the environment associated with the abstraction of groundwater, including, but not limited to, the efficient and conservative use of water.

9. The consent holder shall measure and record the water level in the Brannigan bore (GND0076, located at grid reference 1725550E-5599498N) to an accuracy of ± 0.05 metres and at intervals not exceeding 15 minutes.

10. An assessable groundwater level indicator shall be installed on the Brannigan bore which shows when groundwater levels have reached 6 metres above the pump. Should groundwater reach this level then consultation between the owner of the Brannigan bore and the consent holder shall occur and, if necessary, the measures in condition 11 shall be implemented.

11. That the consent holder shall immediately restrict the exercise of this consent and/or provide a suitable unchlorinated alternative water supply for the Brannigan bore owner should the exercise of this consent restrict the use of the Brannigan bore.

12. The taking shall not cause the intrusion of salt water into any freshwater aquifer.

13. In accordance with section 128 and section 129 of the Resource Management Act 1991, the Taranaki Regional Council may serve notice of its intention to review, amend, delete or add to the conditions of this resource consent by giving notice of review during the month of June 2016 and/or June 2022, for the purposes of: a. ensuring that the conditions are adequate to deal with any adverse effects on the environment arising from the exercise of this resource consent, which were either not foreseen at the time the application was considered or which it was not appropriate to deal with at the time; and/or

b. to require any data collected in accordance with the conditions of this consent to be transmitted directly to the Council’s computer system, in a format suitable for providing a ‘real time’ record over the internet.

Signed at Stratford on 30 May 2012

For and on behalf of Taranaki Regional Council

______Chief Executive

Page 3 of 3

Pope water supply

Rahotu water supply

Waiinu Beach water supply

Consent 3770-3

Water Permit Pursuant to the Resource Management Act 1991 a resource consent is hereby granted by the Taranaki Regional Council

Name of South Taranaki District Council Consent Holder: Private Bag 902 HAWERA 4640

Decision Date: 7 May 2012

Commencement 7 May 2012 Date:

Conditions of Consent

Consent Granted: To take and use groundwater for Waiinu Beach water supply purposes at or about (NZTM) 1748362E-5586586N

Expiry Date: 1 June 2028

Review Date(s): June 2016, June 2022

Site Location: Nukumaru Domain Reserve, Waiinu Road, Waiinu Beach

Legal Description: Pt Sec 150 Waitotara Dist Blk XIV Wairoa SD (Site of take & use)

Catchment: Waitotara

For General, Standard and Special conditions pertaining to this consent please see reverse side of this document Page 1 of 3

Doc# 1041377-v1 Consent 3770-3

General condition a. The consent holder shall pay to the Taranaki Regional Council all the administration, monitoring and supervision costs of this consent, fixed in accordance with section 36 of the Resource Management Act 1991.

Special conditions

1. The volume of water taken shall not exceed 4 litres per second (346 m3/day).

2. Before exercising this consent the consent holder shall install, and thereafter maintain a water meter at the site of taking. The water meter shall be tamper-proof and shall measure and record the volume of water taken to an accuracy of ± 5%.

Note: Water meters must be installed, and regularly maintained, in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications in order to ensure that they meet the required accuracy. Even with proper maintenance water meters have a limited lifespan.

3. The consent holder shall provide the Chief Executive, Taranaki Regional Council with a document from a suitably qualified person certifying that water measuring equipment required by the conditions of this consent (‘the equipment’):

(a) has been installed and/or maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications; and/or

(b) has been tested and shown to be operating to an accuracy of ± 5%.

The documentation shall be provided:

(i) within 30 days of the installation of a water meter;

(ii) at other times when reasonable notice is given and the Chief Executive, Taranaki Regional Council has reasonable evidence that the equipment may not be functioning as required by this consent; and

(iii) no less frequently than once every five years.

4. If any measuring or recording equipment breaks down, or for any reason is not operational, the consent holder shall advise the Chief Executive, Taranaki Regional Council immediately. Any repairs or maintenance to this equipment must be undertaken by a suitably qualified person.

5. The water meter shall be accessible to Taranaki Regional Council officers at all reasonable times for inspection and/or data retrieval.

6. The consent holder shall maintain a record of the water taken by recording the meter reading and the date of the reading at monthly intervals. This record shall be provided to the Chief Executive, Taranaki Regional Council, no later than 31 July of each year, or earlier upon request.

Page 2 of 3 Consent 3770-3

7. At all times the consent holder shall adopt the best practicable option to prevent or minimise any actual or likely adverse effect on the environment associated with the abstraction of water, including, but not limited to, the efficient and conservative use of water.

8. This consent shall lapse on 30 June 2017, unless the consent is given effect to before the end of that period or the Taranaki Regional Council fixes a longer period pursuant to section 125(1)(b) of the Resource Management Act 1991.

9. In accordance with section 128 and section 129 of the Resource Management Act 1991, the Taranaki Regional Council may serve notice of its intention to review, amend, delete or add to the conditions of this resource consent by giving notice of review during the month of June 2017 and/or June 2023, for the purposes of:

(a) ensuring that the conditions are adequate to deal with any adverse effects on the environment arising from the exercise of this resource consent, which were either not foreseen at the time the application was considered or which it was not appropriate to deal with at the time; and/or

(b) to require any data collected in accordance with the conditions of this consent to be transmitted directly to the Council’s computer system, in a format suitable for providing a ‘real time’ record over the internet.

Signed at Stratford on 7 May 2012

For and on behalf of Taranaki Regional Council

______Director-Resource Management

Page 3 of 3

Waimate West water supply

Waverley water supply

Oaonui water supply

Nukumaru water supply

Appendix II

Biomonitoring and fish survey reports

To Job Manager, S Cowperthwaite From Scientific Officer, C R Fowles Doc # 1199792 Report No CF565 Date 22 May 2013

Biomonitoring of the Pungaereere Stream in relation to the abstraction of water and the backwash discharge from the South Taranaki District Council Rahotu water supply, January 2013

Introduction

The South Taranaki District Council (‘STDC’) owns and operates the Rahotu Water Supply Scheme which involves the abstraction of water from the Pungaereere Stream and discharge of filter backwash into that stream. Special condition one of consent 6038 (to discharge backwash), requires that the activity shall not have significant adverse effects on aquatic life, habitats and ecology in the receiving water.

Subsequently, to assess compliance, biological surveys have been carried out in the Pungaereere Stream on three previous occasions since the consent was issued in September 2000 (see References) .This report presents the results of the single summer survey programmed for the 2012-2013 period.

Methods

The standard ‘400 ml kick sampling technique’ was used to collect streambed (benthic) macroinvertebrates and algae from three established sites upstream and downstream of the Rahotu water supply treatment plant abstraction and backwash discharge (Figure 1), on 22 January 2013. These sites were established at the time of the initial survey performed in February 2000 with surveys repeated in January 2003 and February 2008.

These sites were: Elevation Site No Site code Map reference GPS location Location (m asl)

1 PNG000195 BJ28: 694458 E1669439 N5645804 u/s of WTP abstraction and filter backwash discharge 45

2 PNG000197 BJ28: 694458 E1669398 N5645822 15 m d/s of WTP abstraction and filter backwash discharge 45

3 PNG000200 BJ28: 693458 E1669349 N5645803 SH45 45

This 'kick-sampling' technique is very similar to Protocol C1 (hard-bottomed, semi- quantitative) of the New Zealand Macroinvertebrate Working Group (NZMWG) protocols for macroinvertebrate samples in wadeable streams (Stark et al, 2001).

Figure 1 Biomonitoring sites in the Pungaereere Stream in relation to the Rahotu water supply

Samples were preserved with Kahle's Fluid for later sorting and identification under a stereomicroscope according to Taranaki Regional Council methodology using protocol P1 of NZMWG protocols for sampling macroinvertebrates in wadeable streams (Stark et al, 2001). Macroinvertebrate taxa found in each sample were recorded as:

R (rare) = less than 5 individuals; C (common) = 5-19 individuals; A (abundant) = 20-99 individuals; VA (very abundant) = 100-499 individuals; XA (extremely abundant) = 500 or more individuals.

Macroinvertebrate Community Index (MCI) values were calculated for taxa present at each site (Stark 1985) with certain taxa scores modified in accordance with Taranaki experience.

A semi-quantitative MCI value, SQMCIs (Stark, 1999) has also been calculated for the taxa present at each site by multiplying each taxon score by a loading factor (related to its abundance), totalling these scores, and dividing by the sum of the loading factors. The loading factors were 1 for rare (R), 3 for common (C), 5 for abundant (A), 100 for very abundant (VA), and 500 for extremely abundant (XA).

Results and discussion

General

Stream flow was low, uncoloured, and clear at the time of the survey, which followed a seven day recession since a fresh in excess of three times median flow and 23 days since a fresh in excess of seven times the median flow. Water temperatures ranged from 17.1˚C to 17.3˚C during this mid morning survey. Periphyton mats were patchy on the substrate while filamentous algae were also patchy on the stony, bouldery substrate at all sites where some silt, sand and gravel also comprised part of the substrate. Some macrophytes were recorded at the stream’s margins at sites 1 and 3.

Macroinvertebrate communities

Three previous biomonitoring surveys had been undertaken at these three sites (located at an altitude of 45 m asl). The results of these surveys are summarised in Table 1 and the results of the current survey are presented in Table 2.

Table 1 Summary of macroinvertebrate taxa numbers and MCI values for the previous surveys performed between February 2000 and February 2008 Taxa numbers MCI values Site No of surveys Range Median Range Median 1 3 20-23 21 70-80 73 2 3 20-23 22 72-78 74 3 3 21-23 23 70-82 71

This surveyed short reach of the stream, had a moderate taxa richness ranging from 22 to 27 taxa at the three sites. These richnesses generally were slightly higher than previous surveys’ richnesses (Table 1) and relatively similar to median taxa richness (25 taxa) from 45 previous surveys at 'control' sites in Taranaki ringplain rivers and streams sourced outside the National Park and located between altitudes of 25 and 49 m asl, and below the maximum richness (32 taxa) found at such sites (TRC, 1999 (updated 2012)). Compositions of the communities included high proportions (59 to 60%) of 'tolerant' taxa. Only two 'highly sensitive' taxa were recorded within the reach of the stream, coincident with patchy periphyton cover of the streambed.

The dominant taxa which characterised the surveyed reach of the Pungaereere Stream in the immediate vicinity of the Rahotu water treatment plant, included one ‘highly sensitive’ taxon [mayfly (Deleatidium)], up to seven 'moderately sensitive' taxa [amphipod (Paracalliope), mayfly (Austroclima), extremely abundant elmid beetles, dobsonfly (Archichauliodes), cased caddisfly (Pycnocentrodes), free-living caddisfly (Hydrobiosis), and cranefly (Aphrophila)]; and up to eight 'tolerant' taxa [flatworm (Cura), oligochaete worms, snail (Potamopyrgus), net-building caddisfly (Aoteapsyche), midges (tanytarsids, orthoclads, and Maoridiamesa), and sandfly (Austrosimulium)]. More localised abundances of only one of these 'tolerant' taxa and one ‘sensitive’ taxon were recorded. Twelve of these taxa have characterised the communities over this short reach of the stream on previous survey occasions (2000 to 2008), indicative of very stable community compositions over the past 13 years. Most of these 'tolerant' taxa are commonly associated with extensive periphyton cover, a feature of the substrate of the lower reaches of ringplain rivers and streams during warmer, low flow summer conditions. Numerically, the most dominant taxa were a combination of 'tolerant' and ‘moderately sensitive’ taxa. This accounted for the moderate

SQMCIs values which had a very narrow range of 4.8 to 4.9 units (Table 2). Very few significant changes in individual taxon abundances were recorded between sites which also were reflected in the very narrow range of SQMCIs values.

Table 2 Macroinvertebrate fauna of the Pungaereere Stream in relation to STDC Rahotu Water Supply sampled on 22 January 2013 Site Number 1 2 3 MCI Taxa List Site Code PNG000195 PNG000197 PNG000200 score Sample Number FWB13009 FWB13010 FWB13011 PLATYHELMINTHES (FLATWORMS) Cura 3 A A A NEMERTEA Nemertea 3 - C C NEMATODA Nematoda 3 R - R ANNELIDA (WORMS) Oligochaeta 1 A C A Lumbricidae 5 - R - MOLLUSCA Ferrissia 3 - - R Physa 3 - R R Potamopyrgus 4 VA XA XA CRUSTACEA Ostracoda 1 R R R Paracalliope 5 C VA A Paranephrops 5 - - R EPHEMEROPTERA (MAYFLIES) Austroclima 7 C C A Deleatidium 8 A A A COLEOPTERA (BEETLES) Elmidae 6 XA XA XA Ptilodactylidae 8 - - R MEGALOPTERA (DOBSONFLIES) Archichauliodes 7 A A A TRICHOPTERA (CADDISFLIES) Aoteapsyche 4 A VA A Costachorema 7 R R R Hydrobiosis 5 A A A Oxyethira 2 C R C Pycnocentrodes 5 XA VA VA DIPTERA (TRUE FLIES) Aphrophila 5 A C A Maoridiamesa 3 A A A Orthocladiinae 2 VA C A Tanytarsini 3 VA A VA Empididae 3 C R C Muscidae 3 C R R Austrosimulium 3 R A C Tanyderidae 4 - R -

No of taxa 22 25 27 MCI 82 82 83 SQMCIs 4.9 4.9 4.8 EPT (taxa) 6 6 6 %EPT (taxa) 27 24 22 'Tolerant' taxa 'Moderately sensitive' taxa 'Highly sensitive' taxa R = Rare C = Common A = Abundant VA = Very Abundant XA = Extremely Abundant

The communities' compositions described above were reflected in the very narrow range and relatively low MCI scores (82 to 83 units) which were significantly lower than the median score (102 units) recorded from forty-five previous surveys of 'control sites' in Taranaki ringplain streams at similar altitudes and sourced below the National Park (TRC,

1999 (updated 2012)). These scores were slightly higher (by 1 to 4 units) than MCI scores recorded by the three previous surveys (Table 1) but 6 to 7 units less than predicted scores for sites at this altitude (45 m asl) in ringplain streams (Stark & Fowles, 2009). These scores categorised these sites as having ‘fair’ generic and ‘worse than expected’ predictive stream health (TRC, 2013) at the time of this survey. However, no significant differences in scores were recorded between sites indicative of no recent impacts of water abstraction or filter backwash discharges on the macroinvertebrate fauna of the surveyed reach of the Pungaereere Stream.

Conclusions

This fourth survey of the macroinvertebrate fauna of the lower reaches of the Pungaereere Stream in the vicinity of the Rahotu supply water treatment plant, found no significant recent impacts of the abstraction of water nor the discharge of filter backwash wastes on the macroinvertebrate communities. The results were relatively typical of biological communities present under low flow conditions in the lower reaches of a seepage-fed ring plain stream rising below the National Park boundary and very similar to communities found by three previous summer surveys of this reach of the stream since 2000. The very narrow range of MCI scores was indicative of ‘fair’ stream biological health and scores were slightly lower than predicted for ringplain sites at an equivalent altitude.

Summary

The Council’s standard ‘kick-sampling’ technique was used at three established sites to collect streambed macroinvertebrates from the Pungaereere Stream. Samples were sorted and identified to provide number of taxa (richness) and MCI and SQMCIs scores for each site.

The MCI is a measure of the overall sensitivity of the macroinvertebrate community to the effects of organic pollution in stony streams. It is based on the presence/ absence of taxa with varying degrees of sensitivity to environmental conditions. the SQMCIs takes into account tax abundance as well as sensitivity to pollution, and may reveal more subtle changes in communities, particularly if non-organic impacts are occurring. Significant differences in either the MCI or SQMCIs between sites may indicate the degree of adverse effects (if any) of the abstractions or discharges being monitored.

This late summer macroinvertebrate survey indicated that during a period of low recession flow of the river there were no effects on the macroinvertebrate communities’ compositions downstream of the abstraction or discharge beyond the designated mixing zone. Very few significant changes in individual taxon abundances were recorded between sites through the stream reach surveyed.

In general, the macroinvertebrate communities of the stream contained relatively high proportions of ‘tolerant’ taxa at all sites and the communities were generally dominated by similar numbers of ‘sensitive’ and ‘tolerant’ taxa. Taxonomic richnesses (number of taxa) were slightly higher than those of the previous three summer surveys conducted over the past 13 years.

MCI and SQMCIs scores indicated that the stream communities were of ‘fair’ and ‘below expected’ health, although relatively typical of conditions recorded in the lower reaches of similar Taranaki rivers, with minimal differences in the numerical abundances of the characteristic taxa accounting for the very similar SQMCIs values through the short stream reach surveyed.

References

Internal Taranaki Regional Council reports

Fowles CR, 2000: Biomonitoring of the Pungaereere Stream in relation to the abstraction of water and the backwash discharge from the STDC Rahotu water supply, February 2000. TRC Technical Report CF210.

Fowles CR, 2003: Biomonitoring of the Pungaereere Stream in relation to the abstraction of water and the backwash discharge from the STDC Rahotu water supply, January 2003. TRC Technical Report CF266.

Fowles CR, 2008: Biomonitoring of the Pungaereere Stream in relation to the abstraction of water and the backwash discharge from the STDC Rahotu water supply, February 2008. TRC Technical Report CF439.

TRC, 1999: Some statistics from the Taranaki Regional Council database (FWB) of freshwater macroinvertebrate surveys performed during the period from January 1980 to 31 December 1998 (State of the Environment Report). TRC Technical Report 99-17.

TRC, 2013: Freshwater macroinvertebrate fauna biological monitoring programme Annual SEM Report 2011-2012. TRC Technical Report 2012-18.

External publications

Stark J D, 1985: A macroinvertebrate community index of water quality for stony stream. Water and Soil Miscellaneous Publication No. 87.

Stark J D, 1998: SQMCIs: a biotic index for freshwater macroinvertebrate coded-abundance data. NZJ Mar FW Res 32: 55-66.

Stark, J D; 1999: An evaluation of Taranaki Regional Council’s SQMCI biomonitoring index. Cawthron Report No 472. 32pp.

Stark, JD, Boothroyd IKG, Harding JS, Maxted JR, Scarsbrook MR, 2001: Protocols for sampling macroinvertebrates in wadeable streams. New Zealand Macroinvertebrate Working Group Report No 1. Prepared for the Ministry for the Environment. Sustainable Management Fund Project No 5103. 57p.

Stark JD and Fowles CR, 2009. Relationships between MCI, site altitude, and distance from source Taranaki ring plain streams. Stark Environmental report No. 2009-01.

To Job Manager, Scott Cowperthwaite From Scientific Officers, Chris Fowles and Katrina Smith Report No CF580 Document No 1181553 Date 9 April 2013

Biomonitoring of the Mangawheroiti Stream in relation to the South Taranaki District Council’s Waimate West Water Supply Scheme, November 2012

Introduction The South Taranaki District Council (‘STDC’) owns and operates the Waimate West Water Supply Scheme (WWWSS) which involves the abstraction of water from three streams; the Mangawheroiti Stream, the Mangawhero Stream and the Otakeho Stream. This scheme provides water for dairy farms, industry, and domestic use. The main intake for the WWWSS is on the Mangawheroiti Stream. However, the flow in Mangawheroiti Stream is supplemented by water diverted into it from the Mangawhero Stream upstream of the intake.

Consent 0634-3 authorises the taking of water from the Mangawheroiti Stream for the water supply scheme. This consent contains a Special Condition (8) that requires STDC to ensure that a minimum flow of 32 litres per second (0.032 m³/s) is provided at all times immediately downstream of the intake structure.

This biological survey was the first of two programmed for the 2012-2013 monitoring period, the inaugural survey having been performed in January 2012. The intention of these surveys was to monitor the health of the macroinvertebrate communities in the Mangawheroiti Stream in relation to any effects of water abstraction by the WWWSS.

Methods This survey was undertaken on 22 November 2012 at four sites on the Mangawheroiti Stream; a control site upstream of the intake weir (1), a primary impact site approximately 40 metres downstream of the intake weir (2), a secondary impact site nearly three kilometres downstream of that intake and a tertiary impact site approximately 8.3 kilometres downstream of the intake and 340 metres upstream of the confluence with the Mangawhero Stream (Figure 1).

Table 1 Biomonitoring sites in the Mangawheroiti Stream in relation to the WWWSS Site Site code GPS location Location Elevation Distance from NPk boundary (m asl) (km) 1 MWI000170 E1694422 N5637468 Upstream of the intake weir 340 3.6 2 MWI000174 E1694425 N5637409 Approximately 40 metres downstream of the water intake 340 3.7 Approximately 3 km downstream of the water intake (580 3 MWI000330 E1694186 N5635091 270 6.5 metres upstream of Eltham Road bridge) Approximately 8.3 km downstream of the water intake 4 MWI000490 E1693732 N5631251 (340 metres upstream of confluence with the 180 11.9 Mangawhero Stream)

1

The standard ‘400 ml kick-sampling’ technique was used to collect streambed macroinvertebrates from all sites. The ‘kick-sampling’ technique is very similar to Protocol C1 (hard-bottomed, semi-quantitative), of the New Zealand Macroinvertebrate Working Group (NZMWG) protocols for macroinvertebrate samples in wadeable streams (Stark et al, 2001).

Samples were preserved with Kahle's Fluid for later sorting and identification under a stereomicroscope using protocol P1 of NZMWG protocols for sampling macroinvertebrates in wadeable streams (Stark et al. 2001). Macroinvertebrate taxa found in each sample were recorded as:

R (rare) = less than 5 individuals; C (common) = 5-19 individuals; A (abundant) = estimated 20-99 individuals; VA (very abundant) = estimated 100-499 individuals; XA (extremely abundant) = estimated 500 individuals or more.

Stark (1985) developed a scoring system for macroinvertebrate taxa according to their sensitivity to organic pollution in stony New Zealand streams (MCI). Highly ‘sensitive’ taxa were assigned the highest scores of 9 or 10, while the most ‘tolerant’ forms scored 1 and 0.1 in hard bottomed and soft bottomed streams respectively. The sensitivity scores for certain taxa found in hard bottomed streams have been modified in accordance with Taranaki experience. After extensive use of the MCI, categories were assigned to the sensitivity scores, to clarify their ‘relative’ sensitivity e.g. taxa that scored between 1 and 4 inclusive are considered tolerant (see Table 3).

By averaging the scores obtained from a list of taxa taken from one site and multiplying by a scaling factor of 20, a Macroinvertebrate Community Index (MCI) value was obtained. The MCI is a measure of the overall sensitivity of macroinvertebrate communities to the effects of organic pollution. More ‘sensitive’ communities inhabit less polluted waterways.

A semi-quantitative MCI value (SQMCIs) has also been calculated for the taxa present at each site by multiplying each taxon score by a loading factor (related to its abundance), totalling these products, and dividing by the sum of the loading factors (Stark 1998 and 1999). The loading factors were 1 for rare (R), 5 for common (C), 20 for abundant (A), 100 for very abundant (VA) and 500 for extremely abundant (XA). Unlike the MCI, the SQMCIs is not multiplied by a scaling factor of 20, so that its corresponding range of values is 20x lower.

Results During this November 2012 survey, there was a moderate, swift, clear, and uncoloured flow at all four sites. In the absence of a lengthy flow record for the Mangawheroiti Stream at the time of this survey, the flow data from the neighbouring Kaupokonui Stream indicated that it had been 19 days since a three times median flow and 35 days since flows exceeded seven times median. In the three months prior to this survey, the flow in the Mangawheroiti Stream upstream of the intake weir exceeded 200 L/s and the flow at the time of the survey was 220 L/s at this recently established hydrological recording site. Water abstraction of approximately 100 L/s at the time of the survey resulted in a residual flow of 130 L/s below the weir. Water temperatures ranged from 10.2°C at the two sites adjacent to the intake, through 13.6°C (site 3) to 15.7°C at the downstream site (4) at the time of this midday to early afternoon survey.

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Figure 1 Biomonitoring sites related to the WWWSS intake on the Mangawheroiti Stream.

Slippery mats but no filamentous algae were recorded at the partially shaded control site (1) upstream of the intake weir on the Mangawheroiti Stream. Patchy moss was also recorded at this site where the substrate composition predominantly consisted of cobbles with smaller proportions of sand, gravels, and boulders resulting in a moderately stable bed.

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At the slightly more open site 2, 40m downstream of the intake weir, thin mats and patchy filamentous algae were recorded along with patchy moss, leaves, and wood. Similar to site 1, the bed substrate at this site primarily consisted of cobbles and gravels, although there was a slightly higher proportion of sand, coarse gravels, and boulders recorded at this site which was reflected in the very stable bed recorded by this survey.

Periphyton growth recorded at site 3 consisted of thin mats and patchy moss, but no filamentous algae were recorded at this open site. The stream bed was dominated by cobbles and there were also smaller quantities of boulders, fine and coarse gravels, sand, and silt recorded at this site by the current survey.

At the partially shaded site 4, upstream of the confluence with the Mangawhero Stream, there were widespread algal mats and patchy filamentous algae recorded but no moss was present. Cobbles dominated this site with some coarse and fine gravels, boulders, silt, and sand also present.

Macroinvertebrate communities A summary of the results from the previous survey is presented in Table 2 and from the current survey in Table 3 along with predicted MCI scores using established relationships between MCI scores and ringplain stream altitude and distance from the National Park boundary (Stark and Fowles (2009)). Equations generated from these relationships can be used to predict MCI values at a particular location on a stream or river on the ringplain.

Table 2 Summary of macroinvertebrate taxa numbers, MCI and SQMCIs values for the previous survey performed in January 2012

No. of Taxa numbers MCI values SQCIs value Site Site code surveys Range Median Range Median Range Median 1 MWI000170 1 - 34 - 132 - 7.3 2 MWI000174 1 - 35 - 127 - 7.3 3 MWI000330 1 - 20 - 118 - 8.0 4 MWI000490 1 - 24 - 97 - 4.7

Table 3 Results of the survey of 22 November 2012 in relation to WWWSS, and predicted MCI scores (from Stark and Fowles (2009)). Results Predicted MCI scores Site No. No. of taxa MCI SQMCIs Altitude Distance 1 31 123 7.5 119 117 2 36 122 7.0 119 117 3 26 129 7.3 112 110 4 20 101 5.3 103 104

The macroinvertebrate fauna recorded by the current survey at each of the four sites are presented in Table 4.

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Table 4 Macroinvertebrate fauna recorded at four sites in the Mangawheroiti Stream in relation to the WWWSS water abstraction, 22 November 2012 Site Number 1 2 3 4 MCI Taxa List Site Code MWI000170 MWI000174 MWI000330 MWI000490 score Sample Number FWB12438 FWB12439 FWB12440 FWB12441 NEMATODA Nematoda 3 - - - R ANNELIDA (WORMS) Oligochaeta 1 R R - A MOLLUSCA Potamopyrgus 4 - R R C EPHEMEROPTERA (MAYFLIES) Acanthophlebia 9 - R - - Ameletopsis 10 - R - - Austroclima 7 A A A VA Coloburiscus 7 XA XA XA A Deleatidium 8 XA VA XA VA Nesameletus 9 VA VA VA R Zephlebia group 7 - R R - PLECOPTERA (STONEFLIES) Acroperla 5 R R R - Austroperla 9 - - R - Megaleptoperla 9 A C R - Spaniocerca 8 R - - - Stenoperla 10 R - - - Zelandobius 5 C R R - Zelandoperla 8 R R R - COLEOPTERA (BEETLES) Elmidae 6 VA XA A A Hydraenidae 8 A A A R Hydrophilidae 5 R R - - Ptilodactylidae 8 R - - - MEGALOPTERA Archichauliodes 7 A A A A (DOBSONFLIES)TRICHOPTERA (CADDISFLIES) Aoteapsyche 4 A A A VA Costachorema 7 - - R C Hydrobiosis 5 C C C C Hydrobiosella 9 - R - - Orthopsyche 9 C C - - Psilochorema 6 - R R - Beraeoptera 8 XA XA VA - Confluens 5 R - - - Helicopsyche 10 A - - - Olinga 9 - R R - Pycnocentria 7 - R R - Pycnocentrodes 5 C C VA C Zelolessica 7 - R - - DIPTERA (TRUE FLIES) Aphrophila 5 A VA A VA Eriopterini 5 R R R - Harrisius 6 R - - - Maoridiamesa 3 R R R VA Orthocladiinae 2 - R - C Polypedilum 3 R R - - Tanypodinae 5 R R R - Tanytarsini 3 - - - R Empididae 3 A A - - Muscidae 3 - - - R Tanyderidae 4 R R - C ACARINA (MITES) Acarina 5 - R - - No of taxa 31 36 26 20 MCI 123 122 129 101 SQMCIs 7.5 7.0 7.3 5.3 EPT (taxa) 17 21 18 8 %EPT (taxa) 55 58 69 40 'Tolerant' taxa 'Moderately sensitive' taxa 'Highly sensitive' taxa R = Rare C = Common A = Abundant VA = Very Abundant XA = Extremely Abundant

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Site 1 (upstream of intake weir) A good richness (31 taxa) was recorded, well above the median number (23 taxa) and toward the maximum (35 taxa) found by more than 165 previous surveys of National Park- sourced streams at ‘control’ sites between 300 and 350 m asl (TRC, 1999 (updated 2012)). This richness was three taxa fewer than found by the only previous survey performed at this site. The community was comprised of a very high proportion (80%) of ‘sensitive’ taxa, ten of which were ‘highly sensitive’ taxa. The community was characterised by six ‘highly sensitive’ taxa (mayflies (extremely abundant Deleatidium, and Nesameletus), stonefly (Megaleptoperla), hydraenid beetles, and cased-caddisflies (Helicopsyche and extremely abundant Beraeoptera)); five ‘moderately sensitive’ taxa (mayflies (Austroclima and extremely abundant Coloburiscus), elmid beetles, dobsonfly (Archichauliodes), and cranefly (Aphrophila)); and two ‘tolerant’ taxa (net-building caddisfly (Aoteapsyche) and empidid dance-flies). The numerical dominance by ‘sensitive’ taxa (particularly two ‘highly sensitive’ taxa), resulted in the high SQMCIs value of 7.5 units, very similar to the value recorded by the previous survey (Table 2). This was indicative of good physical habitat and preceding physicochemical water quality, typical of the upper mid-reaches of ringplain streams.

The high proportion of ‘sensitive’ taxa comprising the community resulted in the relatively high MCI score (123 units) which was nine units below that recorded by the only previous survey but seven units above the median MCI score recorded by more than 165 surveys of ‘control’ sites in National Park-sourced rivers and streams between 300 and 350 m asl (TRC, 1999 (updated 2012)). It was also four and six units above predicted (Stark & Fowles, 2009) altitude and distance scores respectively (Table 3) and categorised this site as having ‘very good’ generic stream health and ‘well above expected’ predictive health (TRC, 2013) for a site in the upper mid-reaches of a ringplain stream.

Site 2 (40 m downstream of intake weir) A very good richness (36 taxa) was found at this site, five taxa more than at the site upstream of the weir, and one taxon more than the maximum richness recorded by more than 165 previous surveys at similar ‘control’ sites (see above and TRC, 1999 (updated, 2012)). This was only one taxon above the richness recorded by the single, previous survey at this site (Table 2) with a community composition mainly comprised of ‘sensitive’ taxa (77% of richness), 11 of which were ‘highly sensitive’ taxa. The community was characterised by 11 of the same 13 dominant taxa as at the upstream ‘control’ site, the exceptions being two ‘highly sensitive’ taxa (stonefly Megaleptoperla) and spiral cased caddisfly (Helicopsyche) – the latter not present at site 2 at all). The continued numerical dominance by ‘sensitive’ taxa (although only one ‘highly sensitive’ taxon) resulted in a high SQMCIs value of 7.0 units, only 0.3 unit lower than the score recorded by the previous survey (Table 2) and 0.5 unit lower than the score at the upstream site (Table 4). This was also indicative of good physical habitat and preceding physicochemical water quality, typical of the upper, mid-reaches of ringplain streams, and coincidental with limited periphyton substrate cover.

The high proportion of ‘sensitive’ taxa in the composition of the community was reflected in the relatively high MCI score (122 units), only one unit below that found at the ‘control’ site upstream of the intake weir, an insignificant five units less than the score recorded by the single, previous survey, but six units above the median score recorded by more than 165 previous surveys at similar sites (see above and TRC, 1999 (updated, 2012)). The score was also three and five units above predicted altitude and distance scores respectively (Stark and Fowles, 2009; Table 3). This categorised the site as having ‘very good’ generic stream health

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and ‘well above expected’ predictive health (TRC, 2013) for a site in the upper mid reaches of a ringplain stream.

Site 3 (approximately 3 km downstream of the intake) Taxa richness (26) was good for a site in the mid-reaches of a ringplain stream and equal with the median richness found to date by 158 surveys of ‘control’ sites in National Park- sourced streams at altitudes between 250 and 299 m asl (TRC, 1999 (updated, 2012)). This richness was six taxa more than recorded by the single, previous survey at this site (Table 2). The community comprised a very high proportion (85%) of ‘sensitive’ taxa, seven of which were ‘highly sensitive’ taxa. It was characterised by all of the same ‘highly sensitive’ and ‘moderately sensitive’ taxa also dominant at site 2 (3 km upstream), plus one additional ‘moderately sensitive’ taxon (stony-cased caddisfly (Pycnocentrodes)), and one less ‘tolerant’ taxon (empidid dance flies). This continued numerical dominance by ‘sensitive’ taxa resulted in a high SQMCIs value of 7.3 units which although 0.7 unit lower than found by the previous survey (Table 2), was only 0.2 unit less than recorded at the upstream ‘control’ site (1). This was further indication of good physical habitat and preceding physicochemical water quality (under conditions of about 45% abstraction of upstream flow), and better than typical of the mid-reaches of ringplain streams, coincidental with minimal periphyton substrate cover.

The very high proportion of ‘sensitive’ taxa comprising this community resulted in a high MCI value of 129 units, atypically six units above the score upstream of the intake weir and a significant (Stark, 1998) 11 units higher than recorded by the single, previous survey at this site. This current score was also a significant 14 units above the median score recorded by 158 previous surveys at similar sites (see above and TRC, 1999 (updated, 2012)), and also significantly 17 and 19 units higher than predicted altitude and distance from the National Park boundary scores respectively (Stark and Fowles, 2009; Table 2). This characterised the site as having ‘very good’ generic stream health and ‘well above expected’ predictive health (TRC, 2013) for a site in the mid-reaches of a ringplain stream.

Site 4 (approximately 8 km downstream of the intake weir) The moderate richness (20 taxa) at this site was equivalent to the median taxa number found by more than 330 previous surveys of National Park-sourced streams at ‘control’ sites between 155 and 199 m asl (TRC, 1999 (updated, 2012)), and was four taxa fewer than found by the single previous survey at this site (Table 2). The community comprised a higher proportion (45% of taxa) of ‘tolerant’ taxa than any of the three upstream sites’ communities, and fewer (three) ‘highly sensitive’ taxa. It was characterised by only one ‘highly sensitive’ taxon (mayfly (Deleatidium)); five ‘moderately sensitive’ taxa (mayflies (Austroclima and Coloburiscus), elmid beetles, dobsonfly (Archichauliodes), and cranefly (Aphrophila)); and three ‘tolerant’ taxa (oligochaete worms, net-building caddisfly (Aoteapsyche), and midge (Maoridiamesa)). Several significant differences in individual taxon abundances were found between adjacent sites (3 and 4) and principally involved decreasing numbers within ‘highly sensitive’ (three) and ‘moderately sensitive’ (two) taxa and increasing numbers within four ‘tolerant’ taxa. The numerical dominance shared between three ‘sensitive’ and two ‘tolerant’ taxa was responsible for the moderate SQMCIs value of 5.3 units which was 0.6 unit higher than found by the single previous survey at this site, but significantly lower (2.0 units) than the score at the nearest upstream site, 3 (Table 4). This value was consistent with some degradation in physical streambed periphyton cover (more widespread mats and patchy filamentous algae) but the relatively high percentage of ‘sensitive’ taxa was indicative of good preceding physicochemical water quality conditions.

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The more relative balance between ‘tolerant’ and ‘sensitive’ taxa comprising this community resulted in the good MCI score of 101 units, but a significant 28 units (Stark, 1998) lower than the score at site 3 (5.4 km upstream), but four units higher than the score recorded by the single, previous survey at this site (Table 2). The current score was six units below the median score recorded by more than 330 previous surveys of ‘control’ sites in National Park- sourced streams situated between 155 and 199 m asl (TRC, 1999 (updated, 2012)) but within three units of predicted altitude and distance from the National Park boundary values (Stark and Fowles, 2009 (Table 3)). This characterised the site as having ‘good’ generic stream health and ‘better than expected’ predictive health (TRC, 2013) for a site in the mid reaches of a ringplain stream.

Discussion and conclusions The abstraction of surface water particularly for extended periods of time may result in significant adverse effects on the macroinvertebrate communities living within a waterbody by altering stream temperature, flow conditions, wetted habitat, periphyton growth, and certain aspects of physicochemical water quality. This November 2012 survey was undertaken to monitor whether the operation of the WWWSS was having an effect on the macroinvertebrate communities in the Mangawheroiti Stream downstream of the water take under spring relatively low flow conditions.

The macroinvertebrate communities recorded at sites 1 and 2 comprised very high proportions of ‘sensitive’ taxa and were numerically dominated by three extremely abundant ‘sensitive’ taxa. The composition of the communities at both sites reflected the partially shaded, cool, fast-flowing nature of the stream located in the upper mid-reaches of the catchment. This resulted in relatively high and very similar MCI and SQMCIs scores at both sites which were higher than the predicted scores for each site, based on altitude and distance from the National Park boundary. This was consistent with good preceding physical habitat conditions immediately upstream and downstream of the intake weir indicative of no recent significant impacts of water abstraction during a period of residual flow of about 130 L/s.

At site 3, approximately 3 kilometres downstream of the water intake, the macroinvertebrate community again comprised a high proportion of ‘sensitive’ taxa which was reflected in the MCI score of 129 units. This MCI score was significantly higher than the predicted scores for altitude and distance from the National Park (Stark and Fowles 2009), and atypically, was higher than at site 1 and site 2. This result did not reflect the typical differences in site location within the catchment or in habitat quality between sites (despite a more intact riparian margin at sites 1 and 2 compared to site 3). The community at site 3 was also dominated by similar ‘sensitive’ taxa including three very or extremely abundant ‘highly sensitive’ taxa coincident with minimal periphyton substrate cover, with these taxa indicative of good preceding physicochemical water quality and habitat conditions.

In the current survey, the lowest MCI and SQMCIs scores were recorded at site 4. Of the four sites surveyed, site 4 recorded the highest proportion of ‘tolerant’ taxa. This community was numerically dominated by more ‘tolerant taxa’ and fewer ‘highly and moderately sensitive’ taxa. There was a significant (Stark, 1998) decrease in both the MCI and SQMCIs scores between sites 3 and 4. This was coincident with a marked increase in periphyton substrate cover at site 4, a probable reflection of the cumulative impacts of increased nutrient inputs to the stream from point source and non-point source discharges and increased water

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temperatures in a downstream direction through mid-catchment under moderately low flow, late spring conditions.

The overall MCI score decline of 22 units between sites 1 and 4 over a stream distance of 8.3 km equated to a rate of decline of 2.6 units/km, higher than the predicted rate of 1.6 units/km for the equivalent reach of a National Park sourced stream (Stark and Fowles, 2009), but lower than the rate (4.2 units/km) found by the single, previous (summer) survey in January, 2012 (KS017). The rate of decline between sites 3 and 4 (over a stream length of 5.4 km) of 5.2 units/km was a very significant 4.1 MCI units/km higher than predicted for this equivalent reach indicative of a more marked deterioration in macroinvertebrate community health in these lower mid-reaches of the Mangawheroiti Stream.

These effects may be exacerbated by the reduction in available instream dilution due to the abstraction of higher quality flow upstream by the water supply scheme.

Summary Macroinvertebrate sampling was undertaken on 22 November 2012, at four sites in the Mangawheroiti Stream; a control site upstream of the intake weir (1), a primary impact site approximately 40 metres downstream of the intake weir (2), a secondary impact site 3 kilometres downstream of that intake and a tertiary impact site approximately 5.6 kilometres downstream of the intake and 340 metres upstream of the confluence with the Mangawhero Stream. Sampling was performed at all four sites using the ‘kick’ sampling technique, a standard sampling technique used by the Council. This was undertaken to assess whether the abstraction of water from the Mangawheroiti Stream for the WWWSS had had any adverse effects on the macroinvertebrate communities of this stream. Samples were processed to provide number of taxa (richness), MCI and SQMCIs scores for each site.

The MCI is a measure of the overall sensitivity of the macroinvertebrate community to the effects of organic pollution in stony streams. It is based on the presence/absence of taxa with varying degrees of sensitivity to environmental conditions. The SQMCIs takes into account taxa abundance as well as sensitivity to pollution, and may reveal more subtly changes in communities, particularly if non-organic impacts are occurring. Significant differences in with the MCI or the SQMCIs between sites indicate the degree of adverse effects (if any) of the activity monitored.

This November 2012 survey did not indicate that the water attraction for the WWWSS Mangawheroiti Stream had significantly affected the freshwater macroinvertebrate communities immediately downstream of the abstraction point.

High MCI and SQMCIs scores were recorded at the upstream control site (1). These scores were relatively similar to those recorded at site 2, located approximately 40 metres downstream of the water take. Atypically there was no decline in MCI score between sites 2 and 3 and the SQMCIs score at site 3 was the highest recorded in the survey due to increased numerical abundances within some ‘sensitive’ taxa.

The results of this survey showed a significant decline in the macroinvertebrate communities between site 3 and site 4 in particular, where the MCI rate of decline was significantly higher than predicted. This is consistent with a general trend of increasing water temperature and decreasing physicochemical water quality with decreasing altitude

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in ringplain streams in the region coincident with point and non-point source discharges Abstraction of water from the Mangawheroiti Stream may exacerbate the decline in macroinvertebrate ‘health’ by reducing available dilution of such discharges particularly as cumulative impacts occur in a downstream direction.

References Smith KL, 2012: Biomonitoring of the Mangawheroiti Stream in relation to the Waimate West Water Supply Scheme, January 2012. TRC Internal Report KS017.

Stark JD, 1985: A macroinvertebrate community index of water quality for stony streams. Water and Soil Miscellaneous Publication No. 87.

Stark JD, 1998: SQMCI: a biotic index for freshwater macroinvertebrate coded abundance data. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 32(1): 55-66.

Stark JD, 1999: An evaluation of Taranaki Regional Council’s SQMCI biomonitoring index. Cawthron Institute, Nelson. Cawthron Report No. 472.

Stark JD, Boothroyd IKG, Harding JS, Maxted JR, Scarsbrook MR, 2001: Protocols for sampling macroinvertebrates in wadeable streams. New Zealand Macroinvertebrate Working Group Report No. 1. Prepared for the Ministry for the Environment. Sustainable Management Fund Project No. 5103. 57p.

Stark JD and Maxted JR, 2004. Macroinvertebrate community indices for Auckland’s soft- bottomed streams and applications to SOE reporting. Prepared for Auckland Regional Council. Cawthron Report No. 970. Cawthron Institute, Nelson. ARC Technical Publication 303. 59p.

Stark JD and Maxted JR, 2007. A biotic index for New Zealand’s soft bottomed streams. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 41(1).

Stark JD and Maxted JR, 2007a. A user guide for the macroinvertebrate community index. Cawthron Institute, Nelson. Cawthron Report No. 1166.

Stark JD and Fowles CR, 2009. Relationships between MCI, site altitude, and distance from source Taranaki ring plain streams. Stark Environmental report No. 2009-01

TRC, 1999: Some statistics from the Taranaki Regional Council database of freshwater macroinvertebrate surveys performed during the period from January 1980 to 31 December 1998. TRC Technical Report 99-17.

TRC, 2013: Freshwater macroinvertebrate fauna biological monitoring programme Annual SEM Report 2011-2012. Technical Report 2012-18.

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To Job Manager, Scott Cowperthwaite From Scientific Officers, Chris Fowles and Bart Jansma Report No CF582 Document No 1230469 Date 1 August 2013

Biomonitoring of the Mangawheroiti Stream in relation to the South Taranaki District Council’s Waimate West Water Supply Scheme, March 2013

Introduction The South Taranaki District Council (‘STDC’) owns and operates the Waimate West Water Supply Scheme (WWWSS) which involves the abstraction of water from three streams; the Mangawheroiti Stream, the Mangawhero Stream and the Otakeho Stream. This scheme provides water for dairy farms, industry, and domestic use. The main intake for the WWWSS is on the Mangawheroiti Stream. However, the flow in Mangawheroiti Stream is supplemented by water diverted into it from the Mangawhero Stream upstream of the intake.

Consent 0634-3 authorises the taking of water from the Mangawheroiti Stream for the water supply scheme. This consent contains a Special Condition (8) that requires STDC to ensure that a minimum flow of 32 litres per second (0.032 m³/s) is provided at all times immediately downstream of the intake structure.

This biological survey was the second of two programmed for the 2012-2013 monitoring period, the inaugural survey having been performed in January 2012 and the most recent survey undertaken in November 2012. The intention of these surveys was to monitor the health of the macroinvertebrate communities in the Mangawheroiti Stream in relation to any effects of water abstraction by the WWWSS.

Methods This survey was undertaken on 13 March 2013 at four sites on the Mangawheroiti Stream; a control site upstream of the intake weir (1), a primary impact site approximately 40 metres downstream of the intake weir (2), a secondary impact site nearly three kilometres downstream of that intake and a tertiary impact site approximately 8.3 kilometres downstream of the intake and 340 metres upstream of the confluence with the Mangawhero Stream (Figure 1).

Table 1 Biomonitoring sites in the Mangawheroiti Stream in relation to the WWWSS Site Site code GPS location Location Elevation Distance from NPk boundary (m asl) (km) 1 MWI000170 E1694422 N5637468 Upstream of the intake weir 340 3.6 2 MWI000174 E1694425 N5637409 Approximately 40 metres downstream of the water intake 340 3.7 Approximately 3 km downstream of the water intake (580 3 MWI000330 E1694186 N5635091 270 6.5 metres upstream of Eltham Road bridge) Approximately 8.3 km downstream of the water intake 4 MWI000490 E1693732 N5631251 (340 metres upstream of confluence with the 180 11.9 Mangawhero Stream)

The standard ‘400 ml kick-sampling’ technique was used to collect streambed macroinvertebrates from all sites. The ‘kick-sampling’ technique is very similar to Protocol C1 (hard-bottomed, semi-quantitative), of the New Zealand Macroinvertebrate Working Group (NZMWG) protocols for macroinvertebrate samples in wadeable streams (Stark et al, 2001).

Samples were preserved with Kahle's Fluid for later sorting and identification under a stereomicroscope using protocol P1 of NZMWG protocols for sampling macroinvertebrates in wadeable streams (Stark et al. 2001). Macroinvertebrate taxa found in each sample were recorded as:

R (rare) = less than 5 individuals; C (common) = 5-19 individuals; A (abundant) = estimated 20-99 individuals; VA (very abundant) = estimated 100-499 individuals; XA (extremely abundant) = estimated 500 individuals or more.

Stark (1985) developed a scoring system for macroinvertebrate taxa according to their sensitivity to organic pollution in stony New Zealand streams (MCI). Highly ‘sensitive’ taxa were assigned the highest scores of 9 or 10, while the most ‘tolerant’ forms scored 1 and 0.1 in hard bottomed and soft bottomed streams respectively. The sensitivity scores for certain taxa found in hard bottomed streams have been modified in accordance with Taranaki experience. After extensive use of the MCI, categories were assigned to the sensitivity scores, to clarify their ‘relative’ sensitivity e.g. taxa that scored between 1 and 4 inclusive are considered tolerant (see Table 3).

By averaging the scores obtained from a list of taxa taken from one site and multiplying by a scaling factor of 20, a Macroinvertebrate Community Index (MCI) value was obtained. The MCI is a measure of the overall sensitivity of macroinvertebrate communities to the effects of organic pollution. More ‘sensitive’ communities inhabit less polluted waterways.

A semi-quantitative MCI value (SQMCIs) has also been calculated for the taxa present at each site by multiplying each taxon score by a loading factor (related to its abundance), totalling these products, and dividing by the sum of the loading factors (Stark 1998 and 1999). The loading factors were 1 for rare (R), 5 for common (C), 20 for abundant (A), 100 for very abundant (VA) and 500 for extremely abundant (XA). Unlike the MCI, the SQMCIs is not multiplied by a scaling factor of 20, so that its corresponding range of values is 20x lower.

Results During this March 2013 survey, there was a very low, swift, clear, and uncoloured flow at all sites except the upstream site (1) where there was some cloudiness (possibly due to iron- laden seepage inflows). In the absence of a lengthy flow record for the Mangawheroiti Stream at the time of this survey, the flow data from the neighbouring Kaupokonui Stream indicated that it had been 36 days since a three times median flow and seven times median flow. In the five weeks prior to this survey, the flow in the Mangawheroiti Stream upstream of the intake weir ranged between 150 and 250 L/s (early to late February) prior to a flow augmentation to this resulting in a range between 220 and 180 L/s over the two previous weeks in March. The flow at the time of the survey was about 190 L/s at this recently established hydrological recording site. Water abstraction of approximately 110 L/s at the time of the survey resulted in a residual flow of 80 L/s below the weir. Water temperatures ranged from 11.6°C to 12.0°C at the two sites adjacent to the intake, through 14.2°C (site 3) to 14.9°C at the downstream site (4) at the time of this mid morning to late morning survey.

Figure 1 Biomonitoring sites related to the WWWSS intake on the Mangawheroiti Stream.

Slippery mats but no filamentous algae were recorded at the partially shaded control site (1) upstream of the intake weir on the Mangawheroiti Stream. Patchy moss and leaves were also recorded at this site where the substrate composition predominantly consisted of cobbles with smaller proportions of sand, gravels, and boulders resulting in a moderately stable bed.

At the slightly more open site 2, 40m downstream of the intake weir, thin mats but no filamentous algae were recorded along with patchy moss and leaves. Similar to site 1, the bed substrate at this site primarily consisted of cobbles and gravels, although there was a moderate proportion of sand, fine gravels, and boulders at this site which was reflected in the very stable bed recorded by this survey.

Periphyton growth recorded at site 3 consisted of thin mats and patchy moss and filamentous algae at this open site. The stream bed was composed predominantly of cobbles and there were also smaller quantities of boulders, fine and coarse gravels, sand, and silt recorded at this site by the current survey.

At the partially shaded site 4, upstream of the confluence with the Mangawhero Stream, there were patchy algal mats and moss, but no filamentous algae was present. Cobbles were predominant at this site with some coarse and fine gravels, silt, and sand also present.

Macroinvertebrate communities A summary of the results from the previous survey is presented in Table 2 and from the current survey in Table 3 along with predicted MCI scores using established relationships between MCI scores and ringplain stream altitude and distance from the National Park boundary (Stark and Fowles (2009)). Equations generated from these relationships can be used to predict MCI values at a particular location on a stream or river on the ringplain.

Table 2 Summary of macroinvertebrate taxa numbers, MCI and SQMCIs values for the previous surveys performed between January 2012 and November 2012

No. of Taxa numbers MCI values SQMCIs value Site Site code surveys Range Median Range Median Range Median 1 MWI000170 2 31-34 33 123-132 128 7.3-7.5 7.4 2 MWI000174 2 35-36 36 122-127 125 7.0-7.3 7.2 3 MWI000330 2 20-26 23 118-129 124 7.3-8.0 7.7 4 MWI000490 2 20-24 22 97-101 99 4.7-5.3 5.0

Table 3 Results of the survey of 13 March 2013 in relation to WWWSS, and predicted MCI scores (from Stark and Fowles (2009)). Results Predicted MCI scores Site No. No. of taxa MCI SQMCIs Altitude Distance 1 37 130 7.1 119 117 2 33 125 7.1 119 117 3 28 111 7.5 112 111 4 30 95 4.4 103 104

The macroinvertebrate fauna recorded by the current survey at each of the four sites are presented in Table 4.

Table 4 Macroinvertebrate fauna recorded at four sites in the Mangawheroiti Stream in relation to the WWWSS water abstraction, 13 March 2013 Site Number 1 2 3 4 Taxa List Site Code MCI score MWI000170 MWI000174 MWI000330 MWI000490 Sample Number FWB13148 FWB13149 FWB13150 FWB13151 PLATYHELMINTHES (FLATWORMS) Cura 3 - - - R NEMERTEA Nemertea 3 - - - A ANNELIDA (WORMS) Oligochaeta 1 C R C A Lumbricidae 5 - - - R MOLLUSCA Potamopyrgus 4 R C C VA CRUSTACEA Paranephrops 5 - - - R EPHEMEROPTERA (MAYFLIES) Acanthophlebia 9 R - - - Ameletopsis 10 R R - - Austroclima 7 A A A A Coloburiscus 7 XA XA XA A Deleatidium 8 VA XA XA A Nesameletus 9 VA VA XA R Zephlebia group 7 C R R - PLECOPTERA (STONEFLIES) Acroperla 5 - R - - Austroperla 9 - R - - Megaleptoperla 9 A A C - Stenoperla 10 R - - - Zelandobius 5 C R - - Zelandoperla 8 C C - - COLEOPTERA (BEETLES) Elmidae 6 VA VA VA VA Dytiscidae 5 R - - - Hydraenidae 8 A VA VA - Ptilodactylidae 8 R - - R MEGALOPTERA (DOBSONFLIES) Archichauliodes 7 A VA VA A TRICHOPTERA (CADDISFLIES) Aoteapsyche 4 A VA VA XA Costachorema 7 R R - C Hydrobiosis 5 C C A C Hydrobiosella 9 R - - - Neurochorema 6 - - R - Orthopsyche 9 R R - - Plectrocnemia 8 R - - - Psilochorema 6 R R - - Beraeoptera 8 A A VA C Confluens 5 R - - - Helicopsyche 10 R R R - Olinga 9 A C C - Oxyethira 2 - - R C Pycnocentria 7 - R - - Pycnocentrodes 5 R - A R Triplectides 5 R - - - DIPTERA (TRUE FLIES) Aphrophila 5 A VA A A Eriopterini 5 R R R - Corynoneura 3 - - - R Maoridiamesa 3 - - - C Orthocladiinae 2 R R C C Polypedilum 3 C R R - Tanypodinae 5 - R R - Tanytarsini 3 - - R A Empididae 3 R R R R Ephydridae 4 - - - R Muscidae 3 - - - R Austrosimulium 3 - - C R Tanyderidae 4 R R R R ACARINA (MITES) Acarina 5 - R - R No of taxa 37 33 28 30 MCI 130 125 111 95 SQMCIs 7.1 7.1 7.5 4.4 EPT (taxa) 24 20 13 9 %EPT (taxa) 65 61 46 30 'Tolerant' taxa 'Moderately sensitive' taxa 'Highly sensitive' taxa R = Rare C = Common A = Abundant VA = Very Abundant XA = Extremely Abundant

Site 1 (upstream of intake weir) A very high richness (37 taxa) was recorded, well above the median number (23 taxa) and also above the maximum (35 taxa) found by more than 165 previous surveys of National Park-sourced streams at ‘control’ sites between 300 and 350 m asl (TRC, 1999 (updated 2012)). This richness was up to three taxa more than found by the two previous surveys performed at this site. The community was comprised of a very high proportion (81%) of ‘sensitive’ taxa, fourteen of which were ‘highly sensitive’ taxa. The community was characterised by six ‘highly sensitive’ taxa [mayflies (very abundant Deleatidium and Nesameletus), stonefly (Megaleptoperla), hydraenid beetles, and cased-caddisflies (Olinga and Beraeoptera)]; five ‘moderately sensitive’ taxa [mayflies (Austroclima and extremely abundant Coloburiscus), elmid beetles, dobsonfly (Archichauliodes), and cranefly (Aphrophila)]; and one ‘tolerant’ taxon [net-building caddisfly (Aoteapsyche)]. The numerical dominance by ‘sensitive’ taxa (particularly two ‘highly sensitive’ and one ‘moderately sensitive’ taxa), resulted in the high SQMCIs value of 7.1 units, within 0.2 to 0.4 units of the values recorded by the two previous surveys (Table 2). This was indicative of good physical habitat and preceding physicochemical water quality, typical of the upper mid-reaches of ringplain streams.

The high proportion of ‘sensitive’ taxa comprising the community resulted in the relatively high MCI score (130 units) which was within the range recorded by the two previous surveys but a significant (Stark, 1998) 14 units above the median MCI score recorded by more than 165 surveys of ‘control’ sites in National Park-sourced rivers and streams between 300 and 350 m asl (TRC, 1999 (updated 2012)). It was also 11 and 13 units above predicted (Stark & Fowles, 2009) altitude and distance scores respectively (Table 3) and categorised this site as having ‘very good’ generic stream health and ‘well above expected’ predictive health (TRC, 2013) for a site in the upper mid-reaches of a ringplain stream.

Site 2 (40 m downstream of intake weir) A high richness (33 taxa) was found at this site, four taxa fewer than at the site upstream of the weir, and within two taxa of the maximum richness recorded by more than 165 previous surveys at similar ‘control’ sites (see above and TRC, 1999 (updated, 2012)). This was two to three taxa fewer than the richnesses recorded by the two previous surveys at this site (Table 2) with a community composition mainly comprised of ‘sensitive’ taxa (79% of richness), 11 of which were ‘highly sensitive’ taxa. The community was characterised by 11 of the same 12 dominant taxa as at the upstream ‘control’ site, the exception being one ‘highly sensitive’ taxon [horn-cased caddisfly (Olinga)]. The continued numerical dominance by ‘sensitive’ taxa (three ‘highly sensitive’ and four ‘moderately sensitive’ taxa in particular) resulted in a high SQMCIs value of 7.1 units, within the range of scores recorded by the previous two surveys (Table 2) and equal with the score at the upstream site (Table 4). This was also indicative of good physical habitat and preceding physicochemical water quality, typical of the upper, mid-reaches of ringplain streams, and coincidental with minimal periphyton substrate cover.

The high proportion of ‘sensitive’ taxa in the composition of the community was reflected in the relatively high MCI score (125 units), an insignificant five units below that found at the ‘control’ site upstream of the intake weir, equal with the median score recorded by the two previous surveys, but nine units above the median score recorded by more than 165 previous surveys at similar sites (see above and TRC, 1999 (updated, 2012)). The score was also six and eight units above predicted altitude and distance scores respectively (Stark and Fowles, 2009; Table 3). This categorised the site as having ‘very good’ generic stream health and ‘well above expected’ predictive health (TRC, 2013) for a site in the upper mid reaches of a ringplain stream.

Site 3 (approximately 3 km downstream of the intake) Taxa richness (28) was relatively high for a site in the mid-reaches of a ringplain stream and two taxa above the median richness found to date by 158 surveys of ‘control’ sites in National Park-sourced streams at altitudes between 250 and 299 m asl (TRC, 1999 (updated, 2012)). This richness was two taxa more than the higher richness of the two previous surveys at this site (Table 2). The community comprised a high proportion (64%) of ‘sensitive’ taxa, seven of which were ‘highly sensitive’ taxa. It was characterised by all but one of the same ‘highly sensitive’ and ‘moderately sensitive’ taxa also dominant at site 2 (3 km upstream), plus two additional ‘moderately sensitive’ taxa [stony-cased caddisfly (Pycnocentrodes) and free-living caddisfly (Hydrobiosis)], and the same ‘tolerant’ taxon. This continued numerical dominance by ‘sensitive’ taxa resulted in a high SQMCIs value of 7.5 units which was within the range found by the two previous surveys (Table 2) and 0.4 unit higher than recorded at the upstream ‘control’ site (1). This was an indication of relatively good physical habitat and preceding physicochemical water quality (under conditions of about 68% reduction in upstream flow), and better than typical of the mid-reaches of ringplain streams, coincidental with moderate periphyton substrate cover.

The relatively high proportion of ‘sensitive’ taxa comprising this community resulted in a moderate MCI value of 111 units, which was typically lower (by 19 units) than the score upstream of the intake weir but also 7 to 18 units lower than recorded by the two previous surveys at this site. This current score was also an insignificant 4 units below the median score recorded by 158 previous surveys at similar sites (see above and TRC, 1999 (updated, 2012)) and within one unit of predicted altitude and distance from the National Park boundary scores respectively (Stark and Fowles, 2009; Table 2). This score characterised the site as having ‘good’ generic stream health and ‘better than expected’ predictive health (TRC, 2013) for a site in the mid-reaches of a ringplain stream.

Site 4 (approximately 8 km downstream of the intake weir) The relatively high richness (30 taxa) at this site was ten taxa more than the median taxa number found by 338 previous surveys of National Park-sourced streams at ‘control’ sites between 155 and 199 m asl (TRC, 1999 (updated, 2012)), and was six to ten taxa more than found by the two previous surveys at this site (Table 2). The community comprised a higher proportion (50% ) of ‘tolerant’ taxa than any of the three upstream sites’ communities, and fewer (four) ‘highly sensitive’ taxa. It was characterised by only one ‘highly sensitive’ taxon [mayfly (Deleatidium)]; five ‘moderately sensitive’ taxa [mayflies (Austroclima and Coloburiscus), elmid beetles, dobsonfly (Archichauliodes), and cranefly (Aphrophila)]; and five ‘tolerant’ taxa [oligochaete and nemertean worms, snail (Potamopyrgus), net-building caddisfly (Aoteapsyche), and tanytarsid midges]. Several significant differences in individual taxon abundances were found between adjacent sites (3 and 4) and principally involved decreasing numbers within ‘highly sensitive’ (six) and ‘moderately sensitive’ (two) taxa and increasing numbers within four ‘tolerant’ taxa. The numerical dominance shared between one ‘sensitive’ and two ‘tolerant’ taxa (particularly the net-building caddisfly) was responsible for the moderate SQMCIs value of 4.4 units which was from 0.3 to 0.9 unit lower than found by the two previous surveys at this site, and significantly lower (3.1 units) than the score at the nearest upstream site, 3 (Table 4). This value was coincident with an increase in physical streambed periphyton cover (more widespread mats) although there was a decrease in filamentous algal cover, but the moderate percentage of ‘sensitive’ taxa was indicative of relatively good preceding physicochemical water quality conditions during the dry late summer period preceding this survey.

The even balance between ‘tolerant’ and ‘sensitive’ taxa comprising this community resulted in a moderate MCI score of 95 units, a significant 16 units (Stark, 1998) lower than the score at site 3 (5.4 km upstream), and two to six units lower than the scores recorded by the two

previous surveys at this site (Table 2). The current score was 12 units below the median score recorded by more than 330 previous surveys of ‘control’ sites in National Park-sourced streams situated between 155 and 199 m asl (TRC, 1999 (updated, 2012)) and eight to nine units lower than predicted altitude and distance from the National Park boundary values (Stark and Fowles, 2009 (Table 3)). This characterised the site as having ‘fair’ generic stream health and ‘expected’ predictive health (TRC, 2013) for a site in the mid reaches of a ringplain stream.

Discussion and conclusions The abstraction of surface water particularly for extended periods of time may result in significant adverse effects on the macroinvertebrate communities living within a waterbody by altering stream temperature, flow conditions, wetted habitat, periphyton growth, and certain aspects of physicochemical water quality. This March 2013 survey was undertaken to monitor whether the operation of the WWWSS was having an effect on the macroinvertebrate communities in the Mangawheroiti Stream downstream of the water take under autumn very low flow conditions after a particularly dry late summer period.

The macroinvertebrate communities recorded at sites 1 and 2 comprised very high proportions of ‘sensitive’ taxa and were numerically dominated by four very or extremely abundant ‘sensitive’ taxa. The composition of the communities at both sites reflected the partially shaded, relatively cool, fast-flowing nature of the stream located in the upper mid- reaches of the catchment. This resulted in relatively high and very similar MCI and SQMCIs scores at both sites which were higher than the predicted scores for each site, based on altitude and distance from the National Park boundary. This was consistent with good preceding physical habitat conditions immediately upstream and downstream of the intake weir indicative of no recent significant impacts of water abstraction during a period of residual flow with a minimum of about 50 L/sec and an actual residual flow of about 80 L/sec at the time of the survey.

At site 3, approximately 3 kilometres downstream of the water intake, the macroinvertebrate community again comprised a high proportion of ‘sensitive’ taxa which was reflected in the MCI score of 111 units. This MCI score was very similar to the predicted scores for altitude and distance from the National Park (Stark and Fowles 2009), and typically, was lower than at site 1 and site 2. This result reflected the differences in site location within the catchment and in habitat quality between sites (eg. a more intact riparian margin at sites 1 and 2 compared to site 3). The community at site 3 was dominated by relatively similar ‘sensitive’ taxa including three very or extremely abundant ‘highly sensitive’ taxa although coincident with some increase in filamentous algal periphyton substrate cover, with these taxa indicative of relatively good preceding physicochemical water quality and habitat conditions.

In the current survey, the lowest MCI and SQMCIs scores were recorded at site 4. Of the four sites surveyed, site 4 recorded the highest proportion of ‘tolerant’ taxa. This community was numerically dominated by more ‘tolerant taxa’ and fewer ‘highly and moderately sensitive’ taxa. There was a significant (Stark, 1998) decrease in both the MCI and SQMCIs scores between sites 3 and 4. This was coincident with a marked increase in algal mats periphyton substrate cover at site 4, a probable reflection of the cumulative impacts of increased nutrient inputs to the stream from point source and non-point source discharges and increased water temperatures in a downstream direction through the mid-catchment under very low flow, early autumn conditions.

The overall MCI score decline of 35 units between sites 1 and 4 over a stream distance of 8.3 km equated to a rate of decline of 4.2 units/km, which was markedly higher than the predicted rate of 1.6 units/km for the equivalent reach of a National Park sourced stream (Stark and Fowles, 2009), and the rate (2.6 units/km) found by the previous spring survey (in November 2012), but equal with the rate (4.2 units/km) found by the previous (summer) survey in January, 2012. The rate of decline between sites 3 and 4 (over a stream length of 5.4 km) of 3.0 units/km was a significant 1.9 MCI units/km higher than predicted for this equivalent reach indicative of a more marked deterioration in macroinvertebrate community health in these lower mid-reaches of the Mangawheroiti Stream.

These effects may have been exacerbated by a reduction in available instream dilution of any point source discharges due to the abstraction of higher quality flow upstream by the water supply scheme.

Summary Macroinvertebrate sampling was undertaken on 13 March 2013, at four sites in the Mangawheroiti Stream; a control site upstream of the intake weir (1), a primary impact site approximately 40 metres downstream of the intake weir (2), a secondary impact site 3 kilometres downstream of that intake and a tertiary impact site approximately 5.6 kilometres downstream of the intake and 340 metres upstream of the confluence with the Mangawhero Stream. Sampling was performed at all four sites using the ‘kick’ sampling technique, a standard sampling technique used by the Council. This was undertaken to assess whether the abstraction of water from the Mangawheroiti Stream for the WWWSS had had any adverse effects on the macroinvertebrate communities of this stream. Samples were processed to provide number of taxa (richness), MCI and SQMCIs scores for each site.

The MCI is a measure of the overall sensitivity of the macroinvertebrate community to the effects of organic pollution in stony streams. It is based on the presence/absence of taxa with varying degrees of sensitivity to environmental conditions. The SQMCIs takes into account taxa abundance as well as sensitivity to pollution, and may reveal more subtle changes in communities, particularly if non-organic impacts are occurring. Significant differences in the MCI or the SQMCIs between sites indicate the degree of adverse effects (if any) of the activity monitored.

This early autumn survey did not indicate that the water abstraction for the WWWSS from the Mangawheroiti Stream had significantly affected the freshwater macroinvertebrate communities immediately downstream of the abstraction point.

High MCI and SQMCIs scores were recorded at the upstream control site (1). These scores were relatively similar to those recorded at site 2, located approximately 40 metres downstream of the water take. Typically there was a decline in MCI score between sites 2 and 3 although the SQMCIs score at site 3 was the highest recorded in the survey due to increased numerical abundances within some ‘sensitive’ taxa.

The results of this survey showed a significant decline in the macroinvertebrate communities between sites 1 and 4, and sites 3 and 4, where the MCI rates of decline were significantly higher than predicted. This is consistent with a general trend of increasing water temperature and decreasing physicochemical water quality with decreasing altitude in ringplain streams in the region coincident with point and non-point source discharges Abstraction of water from the Mangawheroiti Stream may exacerbate the decline in macroinvertebrate ‘health’ by reducing available dilution of such discharges particularly as cumulative impacts occur in a downstream direction.

References Fowles CR and Smith KL, 2012: Biomonitoring of the Mangawheroiti Stream in relation to the Waimate West Water Supply Scheme, November 2012. TRC Internal Report CF580.

Smith KL, 2012: Biomonitoring of the Mangawheroiti Stream in relation to the Waimate West Water Supply Scheme, January 2012. TRC Internal Report KS017.

Stark JD, 1985: A macroinvertebrate community index of water quality for stony streams. Water and Soil Miscellaneous Publication No. 87.

Stark JD, 1998: SQMCI: a biotic index for freshwater macroinvertebrate coded abundance data. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 32(1): 55-66.

Stark JD, 1999: An evaluation of Taranaki Regional Council’s SQMCI biomonitoring index. Cawthron Institute, Nelson. Cawthron Report No. 472.

Stark JD, Boothroyd IKG, Harding JS, Maxted JR, Scarsbrook MR, 2001: Protocols for sampling macroinvertebrates in wadeable streams. New Zealand Macroinvertebrate Working Group Report No. 1. Prepared for the Ministry for the Environment. Sustainable Management Fund Project No. 5103. 57p.

Stark JD and Maxted JR, 2004. Macroinvertebrate community indices for Auckland’s soft- bottomed streams and applications to SOE reporting. Prepared for Auckland Regional Council. Cawthron Report No. 970. Cawthron Institute, Nelson. ARC Technical Publication 303. 59p.

Stark JD and Maxted JR, 2007. A biotic index for New Zealand’s soft bottomed streams. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 41(1).

Stark JD and Maxted JR, 2007a. A user guide for the macroinvertebrate community index. Cawthron Institute, Nelson. Cawthron Report No. 1166.

Stark JD and Fowles CR, 2009. Relationships between MCI, site altitude, and distance from source Taranaki ring plain streams. Stark Environmental report No. 2009-01

TRC, 1999: Some statistics from the Taranaki Regional Council database of freshwater macroinvertebrate surveys performed during the period from January 1980 to 31 December 1998. TRC Technical Report 99-17.

TRC, 2013: Freshwater macroinvertebrate fauna biological monitoring programme Annual SEM Report 2011-2012. Technical Report 2012-18.

To Job Manager, S Cowperthwaite From Freshwater Biologist, B Jansma File 03-02-005-15/01; 0933; Report No BJ204 Doc No 1242851 Date 28 August 2013

Biomonitoring of the Kapuni Stream in relation to the Kapuni Water Treatment Plant, March 2013

Introduction This survey of two sites in the Kapuni Stream was conducted to determine if there had been adverse effects related to the discharge of filter backwash and settling tank sediment from the Kapuni Water Treatment Plant. The survey fulfilled the biological monitoring requirements for this STDC consent monitoring programme in the 2012-2013 monitoring year. Results from surveys performed since the 2000-01 monitoring year are detailed in the references.

This survey was the fourth to follow commissioning of the Kapuni Water Treatment Plant. The new discharge point is now located just upstream of the Skeet Road bridge, and the sampling sites have consequently been changed, to enable monitoring of this new location.

At the time of the initial survey, no discharge of filter backwash and settling tank sediment had yet occurred from this new discharge point, and therefore that survey acted as a baseline survey, with which future surveys can be compared. The current survey is the third survey undertaken since the plant became fully operational. Methods The standard ‘400 ml kick-sampling’ technique was used to collect streambed macroinvertebrates from two established sites in the Kapuni Stream in relation to the Kapuni Water Treatment Plant on 13 March 2013. This ‘kick-sampling’ technique is very similar to Protocol C1 (hard-bottomed, semi-quantitative) of the New Zealand Macroinvertebrate Working Group (NZMWG) protocols for macroinvertebrate samples in wadeable streams (Stark et al, 2001). The sites are described in Table 1 and Figure 1.

Samples were preserved with Kahle's Fluid for later sorting and identification under a stereomicroscope according to Taranaki Regional Council methodology using protocol P1 of NZMWG protocols for sampling macroinvertebrates in wadeable streams (Stark et al. 2001). Macroinvertebrate taxa found in each sample were recorded as:

R (rare) = less than 5 individuals; C (common) = 5-19 individuals; A (abundant) = estimated 20-99 individuals; VA (very abundant) = estimated 100-499 individuals; XA (extremely abundant) = estimated 500 individuals or more.

1

Table 1 Biomonitoring sites in the Kapuni Stream in relation to the Kapuni Water Treatment Plant Site No. Site Code Location Approximately 30 metres upstream of Skeet Rd, upstream of the Kapuni water 1 KPN000300 treatment plant discharge. Approximately 30m downstream of Skeet Rd & 50m downstream of Kapuni water 2 KPN000301 treatment plant discharge

Figure 1 Aerial photo showing the location of the old and new water treatment facilities, and relevant sampling sites. 2

Stark (1985) developed a scoring system for macroinvertebrate taxa according to their sensitivity to organic pollution in stony New Zealand streams. Highly ‘sensitive’ taxa were assigned the highest scores of 9 or 10, while the most ‘tolerant’ forms scored 1. Sensitivity scores for certain taxa have been modified in accordance with Taranaki experience. By averaging the scores obtained from a list of taxa taken from one site and multiplying by a scaling factor of 20, a Macroinvertebrate Community Index (MCI) value was obtained. The MCI is a measure of the overall sensitivity of macroinvertebrate communities to the effects of organic pollution. More ‘sensitive’ communities inhabit less polluted waterways.

A semi-quantitative MCI value (SQMCIs) has also been calculated for the taxa present at each site by multiplying each taxon score by a loading factor (related to its abundance), totalling these products, and dividing by the sum of the loading factors (Stark, 1998 and 1999). The loading factors were 1 for rare (R), 5 for common (C), 20 for abundant (A), 100 for very abundant (VA) and 500 for extremely abundant (XA). Unlike the MCI, the SQMCIs is not multiplied by a scaling factor of 20, so that its corresponding range of values is 20x lower.

Results and discussion At the time of this afternoon survey there was a clear, uncoloured flow in the Kapuni Stream and the water temperature ranged from 18.7 to 19.2°C. The survey was performed during a period of very low flow, 36 days after a fresh in excess of three times median flow and 37 days after a fresh in excess of 7 times median flow. The bed of the stream at both sites comprised predominantly cobbles, coarse gravel and boulders, with some fine gravel and with sand. Both sites had only a thin film of algae on the substrate and some patchy filamentous growths, and site 1 enjoyed partial shading from riparian vegetation, while little such shading present at site 2.

It was noted during the survey that a backwash discharge was occurring, and that this discharge was causing notable discolouration downstream (Photo 1). Although this discolouration was not observed at site 2, it is was evident that the discharge only begun once that survey had been completed, and that the discolouration would have extended at least as far as site 2.

Photo 1 The backwash discharge entering the Kapuni Stream from the left, 13 March 2013

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Macroinvertebrate communities Previous biological surveys in the Kapuni Stream have generally recorded macroinvertebrate communities that would be expected in clean, mid-catchment ringplain streams. The communities have had moderate to relatively good numbers of taxa and moderately high MCI values. The results of previous surveys are summarised in Table 2, together with current results and for site 1 are illustrated in Figure 2. The full results of the current survey are presented in Table 3.

Site 1 - upstream of WTP discharge This site has an extensive historical dataset, as a result of monitoring undertaken in relation to the Vector Kapuni and Ballance Agri-Nutrients Kapuni Ltd sites, located upstream. This dataset extends as far back as October 1982 and can also be used as a reference for results at site 2 (KPN000301), until a suitable data record has been established here. It should be noted however, that the monitoring undertaken in relation to the Vector Kapuni and Ballance Agri- Nutrients Kapuni Ltd sites is done so using slightly different methodology, which has the potential to produce lower taxa richness and higher MCI scores.

Table 2 Numbers of taxa and MCI values recorded in previous surveys performed in the Kapuni Stream in relation to the Kapuni WTP, together with current results

Site Number of previous Numbers of taxa MCI values surveys Median Range Current Median Range Current 1 115 17 6-40 29 109 60-145 106 2 3 22 17-23 25 114 110-116 110

The macroinvertebrate community at site 1 (upstream of the water treatment plant) had a high richness of 29 taxa which significantly higher than the median richness of all surveys conducted at this site to date (Table 2), being the fourth highest on record, and the highest since January 1993 (Figure 2). Seven ‘highly sensitive’ taxa were found, indicative of generally high preceding physicochemical water quality conditions and good physical habitat. The faunal community was characterised by two of these ‘highly sensitive’ taxa ((extra abundant mayfly (Deleatidium) and abundant Nesameletus mayfly); two ‘moderately sensitive’ taxa (elmid beetles and Aphrophila cranefly); and three ‘tolerant’ taxa (oligochaete worms, net-building caddisfly (Aoteapsyche) and orthoclad midge larvae).

Number of taxa and MCI values in the Kapuni Stream 30m upstream of water treatement plant discharge (KPN000300) 160 60 140 50 120 40 100 80 30 60

MCI value MCI 20 40 taxa of No. 10 20 0 0

MCI Value Median MCI to date No. of taxa Median no. of taxa to date

Figure 2 Numbers of taxa and MCI values in the Kapuni Stream upstream of Kapuni WTP

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The moderate proportion of ‘sensitive’ taxa (59% of taxa numbers) comprising this community was reflected in the MCI score of 106 units, which was similar to the median, (Stark, 1998) but lower than all previous surveys undertaken since July 2003 (Figure 2, Table 2). However, this score was higher than the predicted score for this site (99 units), 19.1 km downstream of the National Park boundary (Stark and Fowles, 2009), although not significantly (Stark, 1998).

Table 3 Macroinvertebrate fauna of the Kapuni Stream in relation STDC Kapuni WTP sampled on 13 March 2013 Site Number 1 2 MCI Taxa List Site Code KPN000300 KPN000301 score Sample Number FWB13152 FWB13153 ANNELIDA (WORMS) Oligochaeta 1 A A MOLLUSCA Potamopyrgus 4 R C EPHEMEROPTERA (MAYFLIES) Austroclima 7 R C Coloburiscus 7 - R Deleatidium 8 XA XA Nesameletus 9 A A PLECOPTERA (STONEFLIES) Zelandoperla 8 R - COLEOPTERA (BEETLES) Elmidae 6 VA VA Hydraenidae 8 R R MEGALOPTERA (DOBSONFLIES) Archichauliodes 7 C A TRICHOPTERA (CADDISFLIES) Aoteapsyche 4 VA VA Costachorema 7 C C Hydrobiosis 5 C A Plectrocnemia 8 R R Psilochorema 6 R C Beraeoptera 8 C A Olinga 9 C R Pycnocentria 7 C - Pycnocentrodes 5 C A DIPTERA (TRUE FLIES) Aphrophila 5 A A Eriopterini 5 R C Chironomus 1 R - Maoridiamesa 3 C - Orthocladiinae 2 A C Polypedilum 3 R R Tanytarsini 3 R R Ephydridae 4 R R Muscidae 3 R - Austrosimulium 3 R R Tanyderidae 4 R R

No of taxa 29 25 MCI 106 110 SQMCIs 6.8 6.8 EPT (taxa) 13 12 %EPT (taxa) 45 48 'Tolerant' taxa 'Moderately sensitive' taxa 'Highly sensitive' taxa R = Rare C = Common A = Abundant VA = Very Abundant XA = Extremely Abundant

5

Site 2 - downstream of WTP Taxa richness at site 2, 30m downstream of the water treatment plant discharge, was 25 taxa, slightly lower than that recorded at site 1 (Table 2). The difference in community composition between sites was relatively insignificant as in all but two instances it was due to the presence/absence of taxa found only as rarities (less than 5 individuals per taxon) at the upstream site when they were absent/present downstream. Six ‘highly sensitive’ taxa were present, with the community characterised by the same taxa as those dominant at site 1 with the exception of orthoclad midge larvae, and the addition of one highly sensitive caddisfly (Beraeoptera) and three moderately sensitive taxa (dobson fly larvae (Archichauliodes), stony cased caddisfly (Pycnocentrodes) and free swimming caddisfly (Hydrobiosis) (Table 3). Due to only relatively subtle changes to community composition, the MCI score at site 2 (110 units) was only four units higher than the score recorded at site 1 upstream, although this was not a statistically significant result (Stark, 1998). This score was similar to the median of past scores from KPN00300 and similar to that recorded at this site in the previous two surveys. In addition, when the nature of the changes is considered, it is not considered to be indicative of impacts from the water treatment plant discharge. Because of the proximity of KPN000300 to this site, the historical data for this site can be used for comparison at this site, which was only sampled for the fourth time in this survey.

Only two significant changes in individual taxon abundance was recorded between sites, being a reduction in the ‘moderately sensitive’ caddisfly Pycnocentria and in the ‘tolerant’ midge Maoridiamesa. The relative similarity in dominant taxa at the two sites was reflected in the SQMCIS scores which were identical (Table 3). Summary and conclusions The Council’s standard ‘kick-sampling’ technique was used on 13 March 2013 at two sites to collect streambed macroinvertebrates from the Kapuni Stream to determine if there had been any adverse effects on the macroinvertebrate community of the stream from Kapuni water treatment plant backwash discharges. Samples were sorted and identified to provide number of taxa (richness) and MCI and SQMCIS scores for each site.

The MCI is a measure of the overall sensitivity of the macroinvertebrate community to the effects of organic pollution in stony streams. It is based on the presence/absence of taxa with varying degrees of sensitivity to environmental conditions. The SQMCIS takes into account taxa abundance as well as sensitivity to pollution, and may reveal more subtle changes in communities, particularly if non-organic impacts are occurring. Significant differences in either the MCI or the SQMCIS between sites indicate the degree of adverse effects (if any) of the discharges being monitored.

This survey was the third to follow full commissioning of the Kapuni Water Treatment Plant. The new discharge point is now located just upstream of the Skeet Road bridge, and the sampling sites were consequently changed, to enable monitoring of this new location. Site 1 has an extensive historical dataset, as a result of monitoring undertaken in relation to the Vector Kapuni and Ballance Agri-Nutrients Kapuni Ltd sites, located upstream. This dataset can also be used as a reference for site 2 (KPN000301), until a suitable data record has been established here. It should be noted however, that the monitoring undertaken in relation to the Vector Kapuni and Ballance Agri-Nutrients Kapuni Ltd sites is done so using slightly different methodology, which has the potential to produce lower taxa richness and higher MCI scores.

This late summer macroinvertebrate survey indicated that there were only relatively subtle differences between site 1, upstream of the discharge point, and site 2, downstream of the discharge point. There is no evidence to suggest that the discharge of filter backwash and 6 settling tank sediment had resulted in an impact on the macroinvertebrate communities of the Kapuni Stream. This is supported by the MCI score recorded downstream of the discharge being similar to the median score for the upstream site, and similar to that recorded during the previous two surveys.

The macroinvertebrate communities of the Kapuni Stream contained significant proportions of ‘sensitive’ taxa at both sites and the communities were generally dominated by ‘sensitive’ taxa. Taxonomic richness (number of taxa) was very high at the control site 1 and decreased slightly at site 2 downstream of the discharge, although there were some changes in the presence/absence of a few taxa found as rarities (less than 5 individuals). Both sites recorded average MCI scores. An insignificant change in the MCI value between sites was a result of some subtle differences in taxa presence/absence. The SQMCIs values were identical between sites, reflective of the similarity in dominant taxa.

References Colgan BG, 2003: Biomonitoring of the Kapuni Stream, upstream and downstream of the Hawera Water Treatment Plant, April 2003. TRC report BC009.

Dunning KJ, 2001: Biomonitoring of the Kapuni Stream, upstream and downstream of the Hawera Water Treatment Plant, April 2001. TRC report KD68.

Dunning KJ, 2002: Biomonitoring of the Kapuni Stream, upstream and downstream of the Hawera Water Treatment Plant, March 2002. TRC report KD118.

Fowles CR and Hope KJ, 2005: Biomonitoring of the Kapuni Stream, upstream and downstream of the Hawera Water Treatment Plant, March 2005. TRC report CF386.

Fowles CR and Moore SC, 2004: Biomonitoring of the Kapuni Stream, upstream and downstream of the Hawera Water Treatment Plant, March 2004. TRC report CF316.

Fowles CR and Jansma B, 2008: Biomonitoring of the Kapuni Stream in relation to the Hawera Water Treatment Plant, February 2008. TRC report CF454.

Hope K J, 2006: Biomonitoring of the Kapuni Stream, upstream and downstream of the Hawera Water Treatment Plant, February 2006. TRC report KH084.

Jansma B, 2009: Biomonitoring of the Kapuni Stream in relation to the Hawera Water Treatment Plant, January 2009. TRC report BJ076.

Jansma B, 2010: Biomonitoring of the Kapuni Stream in relation to the Kapuni Water Treatment Plant, January 2010. TRC report BJ114.

Jansma B, 2011: Biomonitoring of the Kapuni Stream in relation to the Kapuni Water Treatment Plant, January 2011. TRC report BJ147.

Jansma B, 2013: Biomonitoring of the Kapuni Stream in relation to the Kapuni Water Treatment Plant, May 2012. TRC report BJ186.

McWilliam H, 2000: Biomonitoring of the Kapuni Stream, in relation to the Hawera Water Treatment Plant, March 2000. TRC report HM216.

7

Stark JD, 1985: A macroinvertebrate community index of water quality for stony streams. Water and Soil Miscellaneous Publication No. 87.

Stark JD, 1998: SQMCI: a biotic index for freshwater macroinvertebrate coded abundance data. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 32(1): 55-66.

Stark JD, 1999: An evaluation of Taranaki Regional Council’s SQMCI biomonitoring index. Cawthron Institute, Nelson. Cawthron Report No. 472.

Stark JD, Boothroyd IKG, Harding JS, Maxted JR, Scarsbrook MR, 2001: Protocols for sampling macroinvertebrates in wadeable streams. New Zealand Macroinvertebrate Working Group Report No. 1. Prepared for the Ministry for the Environment. Sustainable Management Fund Project No. 5103. 57p.

Stark JD and Fowles CR, 2009: Relationships between MCI, site altitude, and distance from source for Taranaki ring plain stream. Prepared for Taranaki Regional Council. Stark Environmental Report No. 2009-01. 47p.

Taranaki Regional Council, 1999: Some statistics from the Taranaki Regional Council database (FWB) of freshwater macroinvertebrates surveys performed during the period from January 1980 to 31 December 1998. (State of the Environment Monitoring Reference Report). Technical Report 99-17

8

Memorandum

To Scott Cowperthwaite, Job Manager From Bart Jansma, Scientific Officer – Freshwater Biology Document No. 1236607 Report No. BJ201 Date 14 August 2013

Fish survey conducted in the Oaonui Stream in relation to a STDC water supply weir, June 2013

Introduction

South Taranaki District Council (STDC) hold resource consents in relation to several rural water supply schemes. The monitoring programmes for these schemes include fish monitoring of a selection of the weirs each year. The programme for the 2012-2013 monitoring period included monitoring of the Oaonui Stream weir. The consent relating to the Oaonui Water Supply Scheme is as follows:

5453 To erect, place, use and maintain a water intake structure on the bed of the Oaonui Stream for water abstraction purposes

Special conditions under resource consents 5453 require that the water intake weir structure does not obstruct fish passage, and that the consent holder shall develop a monitoring programme to determine the adequacy of fish passage. The purpose of this monitoring programme is to assess compliance with said conditions.

The weir associated with the Oaonui Water Supply scheme is 1.6 metres high. A fish pass was installed on this weir in April 2002. Prior to the installation of the fish pass, the 1.6 metre high weir presented a barrier to all except the excellent climbing species of native fish.

The fish pass was designed and installed by the consent holder in conjunction with supervision and advice from the Taranaki Regional Council. The pass is designed for the passage of native fish (trout passage was not considered as the stream is not a significant trout fishery, and this also made the pass easier to design and install). Fish and Game Taranaki were also consulted to gain their approval to confine the fish pass to a native pass only.

Several fish surveys have previously been conducted in relation to the Oaonui Water Supply weir, using two survey methods – night spotting and electric fishing. Both methods have their advantages and disadvantages for determining fish populations. When used together these methods can provide comprehensive fish community data. The results from surveys performed previously are discussed in various reports listed in the references in this report.

Photo 1 Oaonui Water Supply weir post installation (April 2002) of new fish pass and repairs to splash pad

Photo 2 The operating fish pass (April 2002) at the Oaonui Water Supply weir

Methods

In this survey two sites were sampled, one site upstream of the weir and one site downstream of the weir, using the night spotlighting method. This method involves the use of hand held spotlights powered by 12 amp hour batteries, with observed fish captured using handnets where possible. All fish observed and/or captured were counted and identified where possible. In general a spotlighting survey will survey a larger area of stream than electric fishing. In this case, 92 meters of stream length was surveyed at site 1 (upstream of the weir), and 32 meters of stream length was surveyed at site 2 (downstream of the weir). Details of the sites surveyed are given in Table 1 and the location of sites surveyed in relation to the weir and fish pass are shown in Figure 1. A small area upstream of the weir was also checked, but not to a standardised method.

Table 1 Location of sites surveyed for fish in relation to the Oaonui water supply weir

Area Altitude Distance Inland Site Site code Description surveyed (m) from sea (km) (m2) 1 OAN000170 Just below the national park boundary 506 380 23.2 2 OAN000280 Immediately downstream of the water supply weir 224 140 12.9

Figure 1 Location of water supply weir and sites surveyed in the current survey Results

The results of the survey conducted in the Oaonui Stream on 30 June 2013 are presented in Table 2. Fish species recorded in previous surveys at these sites are also included in Table 2 for comparison.

Table 2 Fish species recorded in the Oaonui Stream upstream and downstream of the water supply weir together with results of past surveys Previously recorded Previously recorded Fish species recorded OAN000280 (D/S) OAN000170 (U/S) downstream upstream Longfin eel V V Shortfin eel V V Torrentfish V V Giant kokopu V Shortjaw kokopu V Lamprey V Inanga V V Smelt V Redfin bully 1 >25 V V Common bully V V UID bully UID eel 1 Shrimp 2 V V Freshwater crayfish V V Total abundance of fish 2 >25 - - Total no. of fish species 2 1 8 8

In addition to the results presented in Table 2, two redfin bully and an individual shrimp were observed immediately upstream of the weir. Species diversity was very low upstream (one species) and downstream of the weir (two species), although the abundance of fish was higher upstream of the weir compared to the downstream site (Table 2). Redfin bully were found to be abundant near the National Park, with in excess of 25 individuals observed. This is a good result, as redfin bully are diadromous, which means that all of these fish must have negotiated the weir and fish pass. The absence of other species at either site is a concern, although it could be attributed in part to the time of year that this survey was undertaken, with colder water temperatures possibly reducing fish activity.

Previous surveys have failed to noted an absence of torrentfish upstream of the weir, and this absence continued in the current survey. However, spotlighting is not the most effective means of recording torrentfish. Their absence in previous surveys may be due to the lack of riffle habitat (the preferred torrentfish habitat) immediately upstream of the weir. Torrentfish (Cheimarrichthys fosteri) were recorded downstream of the weir in previous surveys (Table 2). Torrentfish, along with inanga (Galaxias maculates), are good indicator species for determining the successfulness of this fish pass as both are swimming fish (and therefore relatively poor climbers) which naturally occur at this altitude and distance inland from the coast, provided no barriers exist in the Oaonui Stream between the coast and the survey areas. If they are able to negotiate the pass, then all other fish species (generally better climbers) should also be able to successfully pass over the weir via the fish pass.

A search on the NIWA fish database (New Zealand Freshwater Fish Database (NZFFDB)), which generally contains most fish monitoring results conducted within New Zealand, indicated only a few additional surveys in the Oaonui Stream, all of which had similar fish communities to that recorded by TRC surveys in recent years. However, an electric fishing survey conducted in March 1982 by NIWA recorded one torrentfish at Wiremu Road, well upstream of the Oaonui water supply weir. This is an interesting result, as the weir existed well before this survey was conducted (the scheme has been operating since 1935).

In previous surveys (February 2003 and April 2004), inanga were recorded both upstream and downstream of the weir, and in February 2003 inanga were recorded in abundance (approximately 50 individual fish sighted) upstream of the weir. This indicates that inanga are able to negotiate the new fish pass. Inanga are swimming fish, and are renowned as

having a poor swimming ability, thus are easily hindered by instream obstacles. Their presence upstream of the weir would suggest that most if not all other species of native fish would be capable of negotiating the fish pass (the pass has been designed to provide wetted margins to accommodate for climbing species).

Inanga were not recorded at either site in the current survey. This does not mean that these fish were not present however, and absence of inanga may be associated more with the time of year the survey was undertaken and the location of the upstream site. Inanga migrate downstream in autumn to spawn in the lower tidal reach, and in most cases do not survive. Therefore, inanga will only be present in the surveyed reach during and shortly after the spring whitebait migration. In addition, the upstream site was located above the expected altitudinal range for this species.

The common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus) was recorded both upstream and downstream previous surveys. However, this species was not recorded in the current survey. As in past surveys, the redfin bully (Gobiomorphus huttoni) was recorded at all sites.

Included in the current report is the observation of paratya shrimp, a migratory invertebrate. Previous reports do not discuss shrimp, so it is not known whether they were able to negotiate the weir prior to the fishpass being installed. However, the present survey shows that the weir forms no barrier to their passage.

Conclusions

A night spotlighting survey was conducted on 30 June 2013 at two sites. The first site was located upstream of the Oaonui Water Supply weir, just downstream of the National Park, while the second site was located just downstream of the weir. A small area was also surveyed immediately upstream of the weir. Fish diversity was low both upstream and downstream of the weir. Fish species recorded were similar both upstream and downstream of the weir. No target species were recorded during this survey, being torrentfish and inanga, although redfin bully, and the migrant invertebrate paratya shrimp, were both recorded at all sites. Fish abundance was low downstream of the weir, but redfin bully were abundant near the National Park, with over 25 individuals observed. The low species diversity at either site is a concern, although it could be attributed in part to the time of year that this survey was undertaken, with colder water temperatures possibly reducing fish activity.

Previous surveys have failed to record torrentfish upstream of the weir, and this absence continued in the current survey. This may suggest that the fish pass is not working effectively, however this absence could also be attributed to the differences in habitat (particularly the proportion of riffle habitat) immediately upstream of the weir. In addition, the absence of torrentfish in the current survey may also be related to the fact that spotlighting is not the most effective means of recording torrentfish, and the upstream site was located above the expected altitudinal range for this species. This is further confirmed by two surveys conducted since the fish pass was installed where inanga (an indicator species) were recorded in abundance upstream of the weir for the first time (February 2003 and April 2004). Although no inanga were recorded in the current survey, this does not mean that these fish were not present however, and the absence of inanga may be associated more with the time of year the survey was undertaken and the location of the upstream site. Inanga migrate downstream in autumn to spawn in the lower tidal reach, and in most cases do not survive. Therefore, inanga will only be present in the surveyed reach during and shortly after the spring whitebait migration. In addition, the upstream site was located

above the expected altitudinal range for this species. The presence of inanga upstream of the weir would suggest that most, if not all other species of native fish would be capable of negotiating the fish pass. It is likely that the Oaonui Water Supply weir is currently not a barrier to fish, therefore compliance with fish passage requirements of resource consent 5453 is being achieved.

As monitoring of fish communities to date indicates that the fish pass is operating with reasonable success, the need to perform annual fish surveys is not required. Provided that regular inspection of the pass confirms that it is operating as required and being maintained, it is recommended that fish monitoring continues at the rate of once every three years.

References Colgan BG, 2003: Fish surveys in the Oaonui Stream in relation to the Oaonui water supply weir. Memorandum to M O’Rourke, 29 July 2003.

Colgan BG, 2004: Fish survey conducted in the Oaonui Stream in relation to the Oaonui water supply weir. Memorandum to M O’Rourke, 21 June 2004.

Hope K, 2005a: Fish survey conducted in the Oaonui Stream in relation to the Oaonui water supply weir. Memorandum to M O’Rourke, March 2005.

Jansma, B, 2009: Fish survey conducted in the Cold Stream and Oaonui Stream in relation to STDC water supply weirs, June 2008. Report no. BJ108.

McDowall R.M., 2000: The Reed Field Guide to New Zealand Freshwater Fishes. Reed books, Reed Publishing (New Zealand) Ltd. 224pp.

McWilliam H, 2000: Fish surveys in the Mangawhero Stream, Otakeho Stream and Oaonui Stream in relation to STDC weirs for water takes, May 2000. Memorandum to G Stevens, 3 May 2000.

McWilliam H, 2001: Fish surveys in relation to water takes in the South Taranaki District, December 2000. Memorandum to G Stevens, 26 March 2001.

Rhys FG, Barrier DJ and Caskey D, 2002: Survey methodology for Shortjawed Kokopu (Galaxias postvectis) – standardised spotlighting techniques. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand.

Memorandum

To Scott Cowperthwaite, Job Manager From Bart Jansma, Scientific Officer – Freshwater Biology Document No. 1242442 Report No. BJ202 Date 28 August 2013

Fish survey conducted in the Cold Creek in relation to a STDC water supply weir, June 2013

Introduction South Taranaki District Council (STDC) hold resource consents in relation to several rural water supply schemes. The monitoring programmes for these schemes include fish monitoring of a selection of the weirs each year. The programme for the 2012-2013 monitoring period included monitoring of the Cold Creek weir. The consent relating to the Cold Creek Water Supply Scheme is as follows:

5454 To erect, place, use and maintain a water intake structure on the bed of Cold Creek in the Taungatara Catchment for water abstraction purposes

Special conditions under resource consents 5454 require that the water intake weir structure does not obstruct fish passage, and that the consent holder shall develop a monitoring programme to determine the adequacy of fish passage. The purpose of this monitoring programme is to assess compliance with said conditions.

The weir in the Cold Stream is 1 metre high and located at an altitude of 350 m a.s.l. A fish pass was installed at this weir in 1999, and comprised of a “natural looking stream” channel of concrete and rocks, catering for trout and native fish of moderate climbing ability. The weir and fish pass are shown in Photo 1.

Three fish surveys have previously been conducted in relation to the Cold Stream diversion weir for the Cold Creek Water Supply Scheme, using electric fishing. The results of these surveys are presented in reports referenced at the end of this report.

Photo 1 Cold Stream weir and fish pass

Methods In this survey two sites were sampled, one site upstream of the weir and one site downstream of the weir, using the night spotlighting method. This method involves the use of hand held spotlights powered by 12 amp hour batteries, with observed fish captured using handnets where possible. All fish observed and/or captured were counted and identified where possible. In general a spotlighting survey will survey a larger area of stream than electric fishing. In this case, 34 meters of stream length was surveyed at site 1 (upstream of the weir), and 40 meters of stream length was surveyed at site 2 (downstream of the weir). Details of the sites surveyed are given in Table 1 and the location of sites surveyed in relation to the weir and fish pass are shown in Figure 1.

Table 1 Location of sites surveyed for fish in the Cold Stream in relation to the Cold Creek water supply weir

Area Altitude Distance Inland Site Site code Description surveyed (m) from sea (km) (m2) 1 CLD000090 Approximately 960m upstream of the water supply weir 153 380 20.4 2 CLD000187 Approximately 1.4km downstream of the water supply weir 160 290 18.1

Figure 1 Location of sites surveyed in the Cold Stream in relation to the Cold Creek Water Supply weir and fish pass.

Results The results of the survey conducted in the Cold Stream on 30 June 2013 are presented in Table 2. Fish species recorded in the previous surveys at these sites are also included for comparison.

The diversity (number of fish species) of fish in the communities at both sites was low during this survey, the same as found in the previous surveys. Only brown trout were recorded in this survey, however trout were slightly more abundant upstream of the weir where 4 trout were observed. In addition, those trout observed upstream of the weir represented two years of reproduction, as two fish were less than one year old, and the other

were one year old. This provides a good indication that the fish pass on the weir is providing adequate passage for trout. Two trout were recorded downstream of the weir, and previous surveys closer to the weir have found that there is no aggregation of trout immediately below the weir. Table 2 Fish species recorded in the Cold Stream upstream and downstream of the Cold Creek water supply weir together with results of past surveys Previously recorded Previously recorded Fish species recorded Site 1 (U/S) Site 2 (D/S) downstream upstream Brown trout 4 2 V V Longfin eel - - - V Total abundance of fish 4 2 - - Total no. of fish species 1 1 1 2

The ages of the trout observed, being less than two years old, suggests that this stream provides important spawning and therefore recruitment to the Taungatara Stream fishery.

A search on the NIWA fish database (New Zealand Freshwater Fish Database (NZFFDB)), which generally contains most fish monitoring results conducted within New Zealand, indicated only a few additional surveys in the Cold Stream, all of which had similar fish communities to that recorded by TRC surveys in recent years. However, an electric fishing survey conducted in September 1994 by the Department of Conservation did record one longfin eel.

A small drop at the bottom of the fish pass has been noted during inspections since 2002, however this does not seem to be a barrier to trout. Other than the single longfin eel recorded in 1994, no native fish have been recorded in this stream to date. For this reason the spotlighting method was used in the current survey, to target galaxiids such as koaro and shortjaw kokopu. However, the flow conditions were such that this method was not very effective. The flow was far too swift, reducing visibility. This method is better suited to areas of slower flow, and should only be repeated in this stream in such habitat.

Conclusions A night spotlighting survey was conducted on 30 June 2013 upstream and downstream of the Cold Stream weir (Cold Creek water supply scheme).

Very low fish diversity was recorded in the Cold Stream, but good populations of brown trout were found upstream and downstream of the weir, indicating that the fish pass was providing adequate passage for these fish. It was interesting to note that the brown trout population consisted entirely of juveniles, indicating that Cold Stream provides important spawning and juvenile rearing habitat, which in turn supports the Taungatara Stream brown trout fishery.

Trout have been the only fish species recorded in this stream in the three TRC surveys conducted to date, although the Department of Conservation did observe one longfin eel in 1994. For this reason the spotlighting method was used in the current survey, to target galaxiids such as koaro and shortjaw kokopu. However, the flow conditions were such that this method was not very effective. The flow was far too swift, reducing visibility. This method is better suited to areas of slower flow, and should only be repeated in this stream in such habitat.

References Jansma, B, 2009: Fish survey conducted in the Cold Stream and Oaonui Stream in relation to STDC water supply weirs, June 2008. Report no. BJ108.

Hope K, 2005: Fish surveys conducted in the Cold Stream and Otakeho Stream in relation to STDC water supply weirs. Memorandum to M O’Rourke, March 2005.

McDowall R.M., 2000: The Reed Field Guide to New Zealand Freshwater Fishes. Reed books, Reed Publishing (New Zealand) Ltd. 224pp.

McWilliam H, 2000: Fish surveys in the Mangawhero Stream, Otakeho Stream and Oaonui Stream in relation to STDC weirs for water takes, May 2000. Memorandum to G Stevens, 3 May 2000.

McWilliam H, 2001: Fish surveys in relation to water takes in the South Taranaki District, December 2000. Memorandum to G Stevens, 26 March 2001.

Rhys FG, Barrier DJ and Caskey D, 2002: Survey methodology for Shortjawed Kokopu (Galaxias postvectis) – standardised spotlighting techniques. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand.

Memorandum

To S Cowperthwaite, Scientific Officer From B Jansma, Scientific Officer Date 28 August 2013 Document No. 1242699 Report No. BJ203

Fish surveys conducted in the Mangawhero Stream in relation to an STDC water supply weir for the Waimate West scheme, June 2013

Introduction South Taranaki District Council (STDC) hold resource consents in relation to several rural water supply schemes. The monitoring programmes for these schemes include fish monitoring of a selection of the weirs each year. The programme for the 2012-2013 monitoring period included monitoring of the Mangawhero Stream weir. The consent relating to this weir is as follows:

5452 To erect, place, use and maintain a water intake structure and associated ancillary structures including erosion protection and river control works upstream, and a swing bridge downstream, of the intake structure on the bed of the Mangawhero Stream in the Kaupokonui Catchment for water abstraction purposes.

Special conditions under resource consent 5452 require that the water intake weir structure does not obstruct fish passage (special condition 6), and that the consent holder shall develop a monitoring programme to determine the adequacy of fish passage (special condition 7). The purpose of this monitoring programme is to assess compliance with special condition 6.

A night spotlighting survey was performed on 30 June 2013 in the Mangawhero Stream, upstream (1 site) and downstream (1 site) of the STDC water supply weir to assess the effectiveness of fish passes installed on these weirs. The STDC weir in the Mangawhero Stream is located at an altitude of 440 m a.s.l. and is 0.5 metres high. Due to the high altitude, considerable distance inland from the sea and generally steep gradient in this stream, passage for weaker climbing fish is not considered necessary as these fish are unlikely to occur naturally at these sites. This was taken into account by STDC, who installed a v-notched rock ramp type fish pass at this weir in 1999, catering for moderate to strong climbing fish. However, due to the destructive floods that this stream frequently experiences, maintenance was regularly required, by placing rocks at the base of the fish pass in an effort to reduce a drop. These rocks were frequently washed away, and in April 2007, a new fish pass was installed on the true left bank. The new pass has a more gentle gradient while retaining a deeper channel, and ample area for climbing fish to negotiate. The old fish pass still remains also. The weir and fish passes are shown in Photo 1.

Previous fish surveys have been conducted in relation to the Mangawhero Stream diversion weir for the Waimate West Water Supply Scheme, all using the electric fishing survey

1

method. The results of these past fish surveys are summarised in STDC water supply annual reports.

Photo 1 STDC weir, new fish pass (right of photo) and old fish pass (left of photo) in the Mangawhero Stream

Methods In this survey two sites were sampled, one site upstream of the weir and one site downstream of the weir, using the night spotlighting method. This method involves the use of hand held spotlights powered by 12 amp hour batteries, with observed fish captured using handnets where possible. All fish observed and/or captured were counted and identified where possible. In general a spotlighting survey will survey a larger area of stream than electric fishing. In this case, 45 meters of stream length was surveyed at site 1 (upstream of the weir), and 47 meters of stream length was surveyed at site 2 (downstream of the weir). Details of the sites surveyed are given in Table 1 and the location of sites surveyed in relation to the weir and fish pass are shown in Figure 1.

Table 1 Location of sites surveyed for fish in relation to the Mangawhero Stream water supply weir

Altitude Distance Inland Stream Site code Description (m) from sea (km)

Mangawhero MWR000138 40 m upstream of the STDC water supply weir 440 31.7 Stream MWR000141 50 m downstream of the STDC water supply weir 440 31.6

2

Figure 1 Location of sites surveyed in the Mangawhero Stream in relation to the Waimate West Water Supply weir and fish pass.

Results It was noted during this survey that the natural iron oxide turbidity that is frequently present in the Mangawhero Stream was especially bad, to the point where visibility was severely reduced, significantly reducing the effectiveness of the spotlighting technique. The results of the survey conducted in the Mangawhero Stream are presented in Table 2. Fish species recorded in previous surveys at these sites are also included in Table 2 for comparison.

Table 2 Fish species recorded in the Mangawhero Stream upstream and downstream of the water supply weir together with results of past surveys; P=present. Included are predicted probability of capture values (Leathwick et al 2008). MWR000138 (u/s) MWR000141 (d/s) Predicted Fish species recorded Previous Previous probability 2013 survey 2013 survey surveys (7) surveys (7) of capture Longfin eel 1 P 1 P 0.883 Brown trout 1 P 1 P Koaro P P 0.196 UID eel P P UID galaxiid P Torrentfish - P 0.007 Total abundance of fish 2 - 2 - Total no. of fish species 2 3 2 4

3

The diversity (number of fish species) of fish in the communities at both sites was low during this survey, similar to previous surveys where the highest number of fish species recorded in any survey was 4. Diversity was the same upstream and downstream of the weir, as was the abundance of fish (Table 2). It is possible that other fish were present, but that the naturally elevated turbidity resulted in them not being observed. Longfin eels (Anguilla dieffenbachia) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) were recorded both upstream and downstream of the weir. Previous results have frequently recorded both species upstream of the weir, suggesting that these fish have been able to negotiate the old fish pass.

Since 1998, eight fish surveys (including the current survey) have been conducted in relation to the Mangawhero Stream water supply weir. This includes two surveys prior to the old fish pass being installed, four surveys after the old fish pass was installed but prior to the installation of the new fish pass, and two surveys after the new pass was installed. This provides sufficient data to assess compliance with special condition 6 of resource consent 5452, by comparing baseline fish communities with communities since the new fish pass was installed. Unfortunately, results from the current survey are inconclusive, due to a poor species richness and abundance both upstream and downstream of the weir.

Figure 2 shows the diversity recorded at sites above the weir (blue bars) and below the weir (red bars). The graph indicates that both before and after the fish pass was installed, diversity was low but is generally similar upstream and downstream of the weir. Fish diversity is generally lower in areas of high altitude or distance inland such as the location of this weir, as many of New Zealand’s native fish need to migrate between the sea and freshwater to complete their life cycle, and therefore penetration inland varies with the swimming and climbing abilities of each species. As a result, fish diversity generally decreases as distance inland from the coast and altitude increases.

Figure 2 Diversity of fish (number of fish species) recorded in surveys conducted in the Mangawhero Stream since 1998. Blue = above weir; Red = below weir

Torrentfish (Cheimarrichthys fosteri) were not recorded in the current survey at either site. These fish have been recorded downstream of the weir in the past but have not yet been

4

recorded upstream of the weir. Torrentfish are moderate swimmers which can negotiate reasonably swift flows, however their climbing ability is poor to moderate. It is expected that the new fish pass is adequate to provide for the passage of torrentfish, however, the likelihood of recording torrentfish again at this altitude and distance from the coast is considered low. This is reinforced by the predicted probability of capture of 0.7% (Leathwick et al 2008). This model predicts that only two species have a greater than 5% probability of capture in this reach, being longfin eel and koaro. Brown trout are not included in this model.

Conclusions

A fish survey was conducted upstream and downstream of an STDC weir in the Mangawhero Stream weir 30 June 2013. This survey used the night spotlighting technique, but due to the natural iron oxide turbidity that is frequently present in the Mangawhero Stream being especially bad, to the point where visibility was severely reduced, the effectiveness of the spotlighting technique was significantly reduced.

This is the second survey undertaken since a new fish pass was installed in 2007. In the Mangawhero Stream fish diversity was low both upstream and downstream of the weir, as has been recorded in previous surveys. This is likely to be related to the distance from the sea and the high altitude at which these sites are located, as fish diversity does decrease with increasing altitude and distance inland. Fish communities were similar between the two sites and indicate that the STDC weir is generally not a barrier to the stronger climbing longfin eels, or trout. However there may be times when trout are unable to negotiate the jump at the bottom of the old fish pass, and flows in the new pass may be too shallow at times, but they are more likely to pass the weir during floods, which is generally when trout migrate.

Torrentfish (Cheimarrichthys fosteri) were not recorded in the current survey at either site. These fish have been recorded downstream of the weir in the past but have not yet been recorded upstream of the weir. Torrentfish are moderate swimmers which can negotiate reasonably swift flows, however their climbing ability is poor to moderate. It is expected that the new fish pass is adequate to provide for the passage of torrentfish, however, the likelihood of recording torrentfish again at this altitude and distance from the coast is considered low, as the predicted probability of capture in this reach is only 0.7%.

Summary and recommendations for further monitoring The monitoring of the Mangawhero Stream indicates that fish passage provided by the new fish pass is likely to provide fish passage for most fish present in this reach. This includes torrentfish, which were recorded on one previous occasion at this location.

Provided that regular inspections of the fish pass confirm that it is operating as required and being maintained, it is recommended that the fish monitoring be conducted once every three years as per the scheduled monitoring programme currently implemented.

5

References

Dunning K, 2002: Fish surveys in the Mangatoki and Mangawhero Streams in relation to STDC water supply weirs. Memorandum to Bruce Colgan, 2 September 2002.

Hope K, 2006: Fish surveys conducted in the Mangawhero Stream and Mangawhero-iti Stream in relation to STDC water supply weirs for the Waimate West scheme, January 2006.

Jansma B, 2010: Fish surveys conducted in the Mangawhero Stream and Mangawhero-iti Stream in relation to STDC water supply weirs for the Waimate West scheme, March 2010. Report no. BJ115.

Leathwick, J., Julian, K., Elith, J. & Rowe, D. 2008. Predicting the distributions of freshwater fish species for all New Zealand’s rivers and stream. Prepared by NIWA for the Department of Conservation. NIWA Client Report: HAM2008-005.

McDowall R.M., 2000: The Reed Field Guide to New Zealand Freshwater Fishes. Reed books, Reed Publishing (New Zealand) Ltd. 224pp.

McWillam H, 1998: Fish communities of Cold Stream, Mangatoki Stream and Mangawhero Streams, sampled in relation to the STDC water take structures. Memorandum to Ben Altoft, 18 August 1998.

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McWilliam H, 2001: Fish surveys in relation to water takes in the South Taranaki District, December 2000. Memorandum to Glenn Stevens, 26 March 2001.

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