SUMMARY of PROFESSIONAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS 1. Name

Sr. ANNA TEJSZERSKA, PhD, Eng. INSTITUTE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, THE JOHN PAUL II CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF LUBLIN

SUMMARY OF PROFESSIONAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS

1. Name and Surname: Anna Tejszerska

2. Diplomas and academic degrees with the time and place of their completion and the title of the PhD thesis:

1997 – the title of MSc Eng. of Architecture obtained at the Faculty of Architecture at the Silesian University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning Dissertation title: The project of the adaptation of the Żyrowa palace Supervisor: Katarzyna Locher-Książek PhD, Eng. of Architecture

2002 – the title of Doctor of Technical Sciences given by the Faculty Board of the Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice on December 11, 2002

Thesis title: Reflections of architectural space in visual arts. Geometry in the works of artists active in Poland at the turn of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, Gliwice 2002 Supervisor: Prof. Jacek Radziewicz-Winnicki, PhD, Eng. Reviewers: Prof. Andrzej Niezabitowski, PhD, Eng. Prof. Hanna Kozaczewska-Golasz, PhD, Eng.

3. Record of academic employment:

1997 – 2006 The Geometry and Engineering Graphics Centre, Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice:

1997 – 2003 Assistant Lecturer

1997 – 2002 unpaid leave for the period of the doctoral studies at the Faculty of Architecture at the Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice

2003 – 2006 Assistant Professor, permanent employment

2006 – 2009 Intermission in the academic work due to the initial formation at the Congregation of the Ursulines

2009 – currently The Institute of Landscape Architecture at the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin

2009 – 2014 Assistant Professor at the Chair of Landscape Formation 2014 – 2018 Assistant Professor at the Chair of Landscape Design 2018 – currently Assistant Lecturer at the Chair of Landscape Design

Sr. ANNA TEJSZERSKA, PhD, Eng. INSTITUTE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, THE JOHN PAUL II CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF LUBLIN

4. The following accomplishment results from the Article 16 Clause 2 of the Law on the legislation on academic degrees and academic title and degrees and title in art. (Journal of Laws of 2017, item 1789):

a) the title of the academic accomplishment – the monograph:

The national style in the sacral architecture in reborn Poland (1918-1939)

b) (author, title of the publication, the issuing year, publisher’s name, reviewers)

Sr. Anna Tejszerska, The national style in the sacral architecture in the reborn Poland (1918-1939), Wydawnictwo Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, Lublin 2019, ISBN: 978- 83-8061-692-9

Reviewers: Prof. Krzysztof Stefański, Prof. Marcin Gawlicki, PhD, Eng.

c) summary of the academic aim of the publication, results and possible use

The monograph is the result of many years’ research on the role of the architectural form in the shaping of the social identity. The problem was especially accentuated by the romantic idea of the “national style” developed on the ground of the general cultural tendencies in the Europe of the Springtide of Nations. The “national style” highlighted the sense of national identity and discovered and promoted local autonomy. Special architectural effects were achieved in the countries such as Poland, which did not have political independence. The culmination of the “national style” came after the Great War, during the formation of a new political order on the Old Continent, when the newly regained Motherland had to be rebuilt. The research focuses mostly on this historical period.

The “national style” formed a vast spectrum of the buildings raised in the inter-war period. References to structures known from the times of the First Republic of Poland provided a sense of connection and continuity in the development of the reborn Motherland. Polish architects almost unanimously agreed that the landscape of the Second Polish Republic was to be formed according to its architectural traditions. Religious buildings have long had a special place in this landscape. They are the main topic of the research whose results have been presented in the monograph in question. The work on this book was preceded by publications referring to a broader context of the “national style” phenomenon as well as numerous study trips and explorations of archival materials concerning the period in question.

Sr. ANNA TEJSZERSKA, PhD, Eng. INSTITUTE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, THE JOHN PAUL II CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF LUBLIN

 Academic purpose of the presented work

The purpose of the above mentioned publication was the presentation of the results of the comprehensive research concerning the investments in the “national style” of the Roman Catholic Church in the Second Republic of Poland. The research focused on the external form of religious brick architecture including neo-Baroque, neo-Renaissance and Art Deco objects implementing the principles of local design of that time. The purpose was to include the following:

. indicating characteristic formal and structural types in which these principles were implemented, . defining the areas of their most intensive occurrence, . defining the influence of architectural milieus on the religious architecture, . comparative analysis of the projects and realizations - influenced by different milieus and created in different regions of Poland, - created by the most prominent and prolific artists, - displaying significant formal similarities. The area of the research was defined by the borders of the Second Polish Republic, while the timeframe was appointed according to the period of the existence of the free Polish state (1918-1939). The research also included single objects that were important as regards form- related factors, the construction of which started before the Great War and continued after 1918, or was finished after the Second World War in accordance with the original design. One of the indirect aims of the study was to define and present the assessment of the damages resulting from the war and from the construction needs of the Catholic Church community. A part of the research was devoted to the idea of the “national style”, including the problems of terminology and formal evolution of the local architecture in a broader period of time (1850-1939). One of the aims of this study was to compare the “national style” phenomena in different Central European countries.

An interim target of the publication was to present the ideas of the architects and the clergy engaged in the process of the construction of religious buildings, i.e. the people responsible for the final shape of the investments. It is them to whom we owe this part of our national heritage.

Sr. ANNA TEJSZERSKA, PhD, Eng. INSTITUTE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, THE JOHN PAUL II CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF LUBLIN

 Source materials and method

The basic source material for the publication was the documents collected in the Polish state, diocesan and parish archives, among which the most important are numerous preserved design drawings. The text documents enabled us to perceive the multidimensional reality that accompanied religious investments in the Second Polish Republic. In the research also the following foreign archives were used: the Ukrainian Historical Archives in Lviv and the Lviv Region State Archive. The archives, well preserved despite the age of almost one hundred years and the atrocities of the Second World War, were a precious source allowing us to explore and systematize all the religious investments in the Second Polish Republic referring to local Polish forms of architecture. In most cases on-site verifications were made that allowed assessing the scale and the role of the religious architecture within the surrounding landscape.

The research used numerous contemporary studies concerning individual works and their authors, particularly the objects that after the Second World War were situated beyond the eastern Polish border and in many cases no longer exist. In such a situation the only source material was the archival documentation and related studies, especially well- preserved articles from the inter-war period published in the contemporary architectural journals and the ecclesial periodical literature.

The data referring to the legal circumstances of the religious investments were found in official documents, decisions mentioning particular legislative provisions, and in diocesan journals calling to subordinate to generally binding regulations and, at the same time, informing about the ecclesial internal agreements and decrees.

The proper research concerning the intended and realized churches shaping various facets of the “national style” in the inter-war period architecture was preceded by the creation of the preliminary catalogue of the works. The catalogue was based on the diocesan schematismus universi including the fundamental data on the history of the churches in different dioceses. This allowed selecting all possible brick Roman Catholic churches built or significantly rebuilt in the years 1918-1939. The results of this stage of the research were not published in full as they were only a basis for the representative choice of the works presented in the study. The comprehensiveness of the catalogue permitted us to define the scope of the “national style” in the sacral architecture of the 1920s and 1930s, as well as the formal background influenced by the objects of other esthetic. Among them three groups of objects were distinguished: (i) less and less frequent buildings continuing the pre-war trend looking for the “national style” in the medieval architecture; (ii) a group of styleless churches; (iii) a group of modernist churches.

Sr. ANNA TEJSZERSKA, PhD, Eng. INSTITUTE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, THE JOHN PAUL II CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF LUBLIN

 Research findings

The results of the research were presented in the three-part composition of the work. The first part focuses on the situation and conditions of the sacral architecture of the Second Polish Republic. The second part is devoted to the issues concerning the stylistic trend of the “national style”. The third – and crucial – part presents the findings referring to the whole complex of particular realizations. The presentation is arranged according to geographical location within the administrative division of the Church in the Second Polish Republic as well as to the influences of individual architectural milieus, each of them being first briefly introduced.

In the first and second stages of the research, the enormity of loss is presented, with which the people who wanted to rebuild their parishes were faced; in the face of the disaster of the second World War, this loss oftentimes disappears from our minds. The scope of war damages were estimated on the basis of partial statistics held in the first years of the renovation as well as on the contemporary data concerning this topic. To achieve the research result, the data has been compiled from the documents from different regions of Poland prepared separately for the lands of different Partitions in order to obtain a subsidy for the reconstructions. The analysis also included the studies presenting the problem of the restrictions connected with the limits on the construction of new churches in the times of the Partitions, which resulted in the increased construction needs in the inter-war period.

The compilation of the results of different statistical surveys concerning the number of parish units in the Church administration in the Second Polish Republic showed the differences in the processing of the data. At the same time, the compilation allowed estimating the scope of the development of the parish network over the period considered. Similar data analyses were conducted in order to investigate the scope of the building investments in a broader period of time, i.e. a decade before 1918 and a decade after 1939. This procedure made it possible to present the findings in a broader historical context. Consequently, an estimated number of new sacral building investments has been presented against the background of the earlier and later projects.

The second part of the research concerns a multifaceted presentation of the “national style” phenomenon and its development, taking into account the problem of terminological ambiguities.

Crucial in this part are the results of the comparative analysis of the development of the “national style” in the architecture in other Central European countries, which showed some similarities despite distinctive formal nuances. To do this, studies have been used of the researchers dealing with their native national communities.

Sr. ANNA TEJSZERSKA, PhD, Eng. INSTITUTE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, THE JOHN PAUL II CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF LUBLIN

An overview of the inter-war period publications concerning architecture and the life of the Church showed an extensive picture of ideas represented by architects and the clergy as regards the forms of a sacral building.

The third – and central – part of the study is devoted to the analysis of the chosen complex of objects and the synthetic presentation of the results of the analysis.

The publication presents around 250 designs of sacral objects chosen on the basis of the catalogue of the churches built and significantly rebuilt in the years 1918-1939. Both groups comprise the buildings reconstructed after the Second World War. The term reconstruction applies to the construction of a new edifice on the old foundations, or in the place of a destroyed church. Additionally, the rebuilding process often resulted in larger sizes of new buildings and a new formal finishing.

The research also covered the concepts that were never realized but influenced the development of stylistic “national” trends in the sacral architecture.

So large a group of the churches chosen as the most representative for different interpretations of the “national style” allowed revealing the scope of the phenomenon and demonstrate the spectrum of its formal richness. Although the inter-war period limited the possible inspirations to the Polish parochial Renaissance, Baroque and Classicist architecture, its interpretation led to varied effects. The research showed that the buildings, realized within barely twenty years and drawing from a common repertoire of forms and one ideological model, present a multitude of formal and structural designs.

In terms of structure, the objects form the following four groups

. The first one – the most numerous and varied in terms of formal expression – is represented by symmetrical objects with a tower along the façade’s axis and a one- or three-nave body maintained in the hall or, less frequently, basilica structure. Some objects are equipped with a transept or, more often, with lower side chapels.

. The second, and also numerous, group is constituted by the churches of asymmetrical body. Among them the most frequent structure is that of a decorative entrance wall to which a tower is attached, usually crowned with a neo-Baroque cupola.

. The third category includes the churches without the tower, whose main characteristic is a richly adorned entrance wall finished with a complex line of soft Baroque volutes.

. The fourth – and the least numerous – group is represented by the two-tower churches and a symmetrical façade.

The greatest abundance of formal diversity is represented by the first group including mostly Baroque churches among which several subtypes may be identified. In Silesia, one

Sr. ANNA TEJSZERSKA, PhD, Eng. INSTITUTE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, THE JOHN PAUL II CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF LUBLIN witnesses the dominance of forms directly quoted from the Baroque churches of the region. The churches of Wielkopolska, apart from a few “national style” objects, displayed monumental forms drawing from the European architectural model. The distinctive one- tower axial churches are located mostly in the central and north-eastern Poland. Their form is an effect of a synthetic and creative way of perceiving the XVIIIth century sacral wooden architecture. The objects have extensive bodies surrounded by arcades reminiscent of ancient arcature and a narrowing tower often decorated with the elements similar to a starling. A considerable number of such objects can be found in the Podhale region. They are often built of stone covered with white plasterwork. The characteristic decorative motifs are triangles, a pattern originating from the local building culture. An important place within the group of axial one-tower objects is occupied by the churches of the Renaissance influence. This group includes a complex of objects designed according to the “King Zygmunt style” promoted by Jan Sas Zubrzycki, and which constitutes one of the variations of the “national style”.

The churches belonging to the second group, i.e. the buildings of an asymmetrical body, can be found in all regions of Poland; the formal structure, however, depends on their localization. The Małopolska region boasts most decorative architectural solutions, while in the centre of the country the forms are more toned. This type is represented by a few – but very picturesque – projects realized in the Kraków architectural milieu. Silesia, on the other hand, is full of objects affected by direct reference to the local Baroque forms.

The largest complex of the towerless objects from the third group was erected in the Lviv Archdiocese. This region abounds in intensively decorated stuccowork and dynamic, extensive gable profiles. This group is represented also in other regions, especially in the central Poland, and includes buildings referring to the Renaissance period.

The churches constituting the fourth group, that is, rare two-tower objects, occur mostly in the north-eastern and central Poland, and represent forms close to the historic Baroque churches.

Regardless of the layout and the occurrence of vertical features, the vast majority of the churches built in the inter-war period is distinguished by two main traits: compact interiors and a short presbytery enclosed by an apse, polygon, or a rectangle; the presbytery is usually narrower and lower than the main body of the building. Such a solution is a consequence of the actions of the liturgical renewal movement which highlighted a community character of the liturgy performed in the temple.

The thorough analysis of such a numerous group of objects proved that their formal variability is, in most cases, connected with the region of occurrence, while the richness of forms originates from the artistic individuality of different architects and the influences of the architectural milieus related to the main academic centres, e.g. the Lviv Technical

Sr. ANNA TEJSZERSKA, PhD, Eng. INSTITUTE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, THE JOHN PAUL II CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF LUBLIN

University, the Jagiellonian University, and the newly created architectural department in Warsaw. The former was the most numerous, diversified, dynamic, and the strongest in terms of the extent of influence and the number of realizations.

The research showed that the picture of the sacral architecture of the Second Polish Republic is created by the following features:

. abundant stuccowork decorations of the Eastern Małopolska characterized by picturesque, expressive fragmented structures composed of divergent sculpture- like forms; . a wide range of varied interpretations of the Renaissance architecture; . references to the Baroque period, often imitating historic layers joined with the elements characteristic of the times of the Renaissance or even the Middle Ages; . compact transformations of ancient motifs creating the impression of being deeply rooted in the Polish building tradition, characteristic mostly to the Warsaw milieu; . typical Silesian designs based on the direct loans from the Czech and German Baroque churches of the region; . monumental neo-Baroque churches of Wielkopolska, modelled on the European traditions. In their formal expression they are mostly, apart from a few counterexamples presented in the monograph, far from the “national style” common in the other regions; . forms of historical influences, simplified and modernized in the spirit of the emerging international style.

The selection of the objects characterized by common esthetic and structural features displayed a strong and steady formal diversification observed between the objects built in the regions of former Galicia, the Kingdom of Poland and the Prussian Partition. Theoretically, the “national style” aspired to be a factor unifying the lands of Poland that had been strongly affected by the dominance of the partitioning countries. However, the legacy of the Partitions seems to be ingrained so deeply in the cultural layer of individual regions that in the inter-war period it proved to be impossible to be fully eliminated.

Additionally, the division of the Polish lands due to the Partitions overlaps with the cultural diversity of particular regions, which is seen in the building style and stylistic nuances.

Moreover, the strong connections within the territories formerly subordinated to specific monarchies still continued. The study shows that the Warsaw milieu operated in the area of the former Kingdom of Poland, while the architects from Lviv were active in the eastern Małopolska region. The architects from Kraków, on the other hand, influenced the

Sr. ANNA TEJSZERSKA, PhD, Eng. INSTITUTE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, THE JOHN PAUL II CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF LUBLIN western Małopolska and Silesia. The territories of the north-western Poland were affected by the work of the architects from Poznań.

The comparative analysis of the design documentation led to many interesting, and sometimes surprising, findings. For instance, it allowed identifying a group of objects of striking similarities, despite their localization in separate regions of Poland. Furthermore, it was observed that the designs that eventually failed to be implemented were often used as proposals for other parishes. Various formal similarities were shown by the comparative analysis of the works of individual artists.

A separate part of the research, devoted to the issues related to the “native” expression of the sacral objects, dealt with the phenomenon of the “cleansing” of the landscape from the foreign features of the Moscow architecture. This problem was divided into two categories. The first one concerned the restoration of the original look of the Latin churches that had been turned into orthodox temples during the Partitions. The second category related to the actions taken towards the new orthodox sanctuaries erected on the Polish lands to demonstrate the political dominance. Such objects were eliminated from the landscape by their demolition or reconstruction, depending on the urban and social contexts. Wherever the reconstruction was involved, the objects were not only stripped of the Russian look, which was rather not liked by Poles, but also granted a “native”, “national” expression.

The study also presents the data concerning a considerable number of churches whose votive character linked them to the idea of the “national architecture”, as they were erected to give thanks to God for the regained independence.

The field studies that preceded the research allowed the analysis of the urban context and the determination of the role of the sacral objects in question within the surrounding landscape. A large group of the churches was traditionally located on a hill, both in Podkarpacie – with particularly favourable topography – and in the other regions. In many cases, thanks to the location on the axis of the road, the bodies of the churches with their towers are visible from long distances. This was not always the merit of the architects and urbanists of the inter-war period. On the contrary, many of these churches were built on the site of older ones, and it is their constructors who should be praised for this planning composition.

The monograph in question is the first work presenting the national trend in the sacral architecture of the inter-war period in such a wide scope. This concerns the number of the projects and realizations examined as well as the multifaceted presentation of the situation in which the investments took place. The study is primarily of a cognitive value.

Sr. ANNA TEJSZERSKA, PhD, Eng. INSTITUTE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, THE JOHN PAUL II CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF LUBLIN

The architects of the 1920s and 1930s were perturbed by the still existing problem of the architectural form which would be the medium for a non-material content relating to the national and local identity. Faced with the challenges of the today’s world such as globalization, unification and other critical dangers for our culture, which are summarized by Andrzej Marek Chołdzyński: “millions, hundreds of millions people in the process of a civilizational, material and cultural migration, currently with no identity, rapidly populate the architecture and space with no identity either” [„Arche” 1/2011], more and more frequently do we realize the value of our own identity and the necessity of its consolidation. This needs to be done also by means of shaping the cultural environment in which an indispensable part is played by the architectural form.

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5. The presentation of other academic accomplishments a) before receiving the doctoral degree

After graduating from the master programme at the Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice I was employed as an assistant lecturer in the Geometry and Engineering Graphics Centre at my Alma Mater. Then, I was granted the sabbatical leave to start the doctoral studies at the Department of Architecture at my home university. Concurrently, I conducted classes in the unit mentioned above. My initial research interests originated from the unit’s character and the topic of the classes, i.e. descriptive geometry, engineering graphics and technical drawing. The Centre organized annual international conferences „Geometry and Computer” and „Geometry and Engineering Graphics” as well as interim seminars in which I took active part both as a researcher and an organizer. Therefore, the subject matter of my speeches, papers and publications was connected with the issues of geometrical structures [Dictionary of terms related to the perspective; Witelo creator of first modern European textbook of perspective; Witelo and Alhazen the most prominent perspective scientists of the Middle Ages; Okręgi styczne do dwóch prostych przecinających się i okręgu / Circles tangent to two intersecting lines and to a circle (The titles are given in order to clarify the range of topics of my publications and papers. A detailed list is provided in attachment 5)]. Since 1998 I have been the member of the Polish Society for Geometry and Engineering Graphics. Every year, under the Fund for Own Research within the Geometry and Engineering Graphics Centre I have conducted registered projects supporting the work on my doctoral thesis. The thesis was of an interdisciplinary character and fused my interests in the history of art and architecture with the history of the geometric projections [Przestrzeń architektoniczna w zwierciadle sztuk plastycznych – geometria w służbie artystów działających na ziemiach polskich na przełomie średniowiecza i Odrodzenia / Architectural space in visual arts. Geometry in service of the artists active on the Polish Lands at the turn of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance (see p. 2)].

Sr. ANNA TEJSZERSKA, PhD, Eng. INSTITUTE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, THE JOHN PAUL II CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF LUBLIN

At the same time I took part in the seminars organized by the Department of Architecture at the Silesian Technical University entitled “Theory and Practice in Modern Architecture”/ [Fashion and Style in Architecture] / “Teoria a praktyka w architekturze współczesnej" [Moda a styl w architekturze].

b) after receiving the doctoral degree

Having earned the doctoral degree, I was employed in the Geometry and Engineering Graphics Centre at the Silesian University of Technology as an assistant professor. In the meantime I continued interdisciplinary research combining my interests in the history of art and architecture with the question of geometrical structures. At that time I became a chairperson of an organizational committee of the above mentioned annual international conference on geometry. I also took part in academic meetings in Lviv and Vilnius [Myszką i cyrklem; Przestrzeń architektoniczna w zwierciadle sztuk plastycznych. O znaczeniu geometrii w sztuce renesansu na podstawie działalności Leona Battisty Albertiego/ With Mouse and Compass; Architectural space in visual arts. The importance of Geometry in the Renaissance art based on the works of Leon Battista Alberti; On Parabola in Gaudi’s output].

Shortly after, as a response for religious calling, I left the Academia and joined the Congregation of the Ursuline Sisters of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus.

In 2009, already an Ursuline nun, I was directed to resume the academic and didactic job at the Department of Architecture at the Catholic University of Lublin, where I have been working since.

For a short time I continued my research started at the Silesian University of Technology, crowned with two articles published in The Journal Biuletyn of Polish Society for Geometry and Engineering Graphics. The first one was devoted to the application of modern graphic tools in the didactic process; the other was a continuation of my research on the implementation of the geometry principles in the formation of spatial views [Geometry and Graphics in Landscape Architecture; Geometry at the service of artists - on perspective in Albrecht Dürer's (1471-1528) works].

New considerations, especially my didactic job at the Department of Landscape Architecture and Spatial Management, made me take up the issues of modern urban planning and revitalization and directed my interests to the broad problem of identity formation through architecture. In the times of globalization, the idea of identity, closely linked to philosophy, anthropology, and sociology, has recently become extremely popular and is more and more frequently applied to the issues of architecture and city planning. In this regard two trends may be discerned that are the main field of my studies. One is that concerning the traditional application of the idea of identity in the social context and refers to the creation, strengthening and consolidation of the national identity and local community through the traditional language of architectural forms. This trend includes the

Sr. ANNA TEJSZERSKA, PhD, Eng. INSTITUTE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, THE JOHN PAUL II CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF LUBLIN problem of the “national style” introduced in the monograph presented in paragraph 4. The other, less accurate, but frequently used approach to the term identity refers to the spatial form understood as a place of distinctive individual features that make it unique and recognizable.

The significance of the latter aspect of spatial formation is particularly emphasized as far as city users and residents are concerned. This trend includes the problems of the revitalization of cities and post-industrial sites highlighting their importance for the tradition and history. Another question concerns the formation of public spaces and modern architectural forms, as well as the modernization of settlements, which lead to the citizens’ deeper identification with their place of residence. These issues of identity formation have become the subject matter of my research and analyses resulting with conference papers and publications. Additionally, I attempted to connect my research with my teaching subjects (Urban Studies, Cultural Landscape Design, Public Spaces Design, Revitalization of post-industrial areas) so that my scientific activity could broaden my knowledge which then I could transfer to the younger generation.

Therefore, the detailed list of the topics of my studies includes the following:

. the development of the “national style” in the light of the history of art and culture and its implementations in different forms; . issues connected with the development of space of a unique character being an evidence of a historic and cultural continuity that facilitates the users’ bond with a given place; . issues connected with the revitalizing processes of city centres and post-industrial areas;

The main area of the research, which is continued by the monograph introduced in point 4, is the problem of the “national style”, mentioned in point one. The study of the development of this idea goes back to the period before 1918. The analysis of the preserved written sources enabled me to embrace the views of the then architectural milieu presented in various periodicals and books. What drew my special attention was the subject of wide-ranging theoretical preparations for the rebuilding of Poland after the Great War as well as unanimity of the architects regarding the promotion of the “national style”, clearly seen in the vast array of publications. The results of my research have been presented in a series of publications, the first of which, published in two separate multilinguistic versions, is dedicated to the theoretical thought on the development of the “national style” [National style in the reconstruction of Poland after World War I – theory and practice; Styl narodowy w odbudowie Polski po I wojnie światowej – teoria i praktyka].

The study regarding the ideological issues was bound to embrace also their implementation in the form of specific architectural realizations. As far as the time

Sr. ANNA TEJSZERSKA, PhD, Eng. INSTITUTE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, THE JOHN PAUL II CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF LUBLIN period is concerned, my main interest was the years between the two wars. At that time the main inspiration for the “national architecture” was a land owner’s manor house which – due to the ideological layer – became a carrier of the historic continuity. In that period, the “national style” could be seen in objects of different functions. Nevertheless, it was mostly used for housing cooperatives and small buildings for public use such as schools and railway stations which were built according to the government’s agenda and were subsidized. In my work I focused on the latter type of objects, i.e. the buildings for public use. My choice was determined by the growing role of railway in the Second Polish Republic and, consequently, by the increasing investments in the area of renovations and development of the rail network and station buildings. The architectural form of railway stations, which were supposed to be, especially in the east, a sign of Polish culture, was greatly influenced by the prestige of the then railway industry and the railway stations’ role as “the gates of the city”. The introduction of the “manor house style” was also favoured by the size of the stations. The Warsaw and Vilnius jurisdictions were full of picturesque stations. Together with the ideological background, they are present in many of my conference papers and publications [Styl narodowy w architekturze dworców kolejowych okresu międzywojennego; Nasz rodzimy ziemiański dwór. “Styl dworkowy” dawniej i dziś/ The “national style” in the architecture of railway stations of the inter-war period; Our native manor house. The “manor house style” in the past and present]. Many of the buildings – the subjects of my research – no longer exist, especially in the Viilnius region. Those that remain in today’s Belarus underwent modernization of questionable esthetic quality. In my study of the traces of the “national style” in the architecture of the railway stations I noticed an even more conspicuous large decorative elements in the form of white eagles [Symbole narodowe w architektonicznym wystroju obiektów kolejowych II RP/ National symbols in the architectural decorations of railway objects in the Second Polish Republic]. A part of my research is devoted to the stations included into the largest railway investment of the inter-war period. On that occasion, I carried out an analysis of all architectural contests announced in the years 1918-1939 connected with railway constructions. The results of the analysis were presented at one of the conferences in Rybnik devoted to the history of the railway and in the post-conference monograph [Dworce kolejowe magistrali węglowej – projekty konkursowe i realizacje/ The coal trunk-line railway stations – competition projects and their realizations].

In my research the problem of the “national style” was extended to include the analysis of the methods of the development of the genius loci used in the history of architecture and urban planning. In this regard, I intended to define diverse elements constituting the identity of a city [Tożsamość i tradycja - niezbywalne wartości przestrzeni miejskiej/ Identity and tradition – inalienable values of urban space]. I conducted this research as a member of a research network Quality in architecture within the project „Wartości w architekturze/ Quality in architecture” (attachment5).

Sr. ANNA TEJSZERSKA, PhD, Eng. INSTITUTE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, THE JOHN PAUL II CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF LUBLIN

This study triggered my special interest in modern, mostly ad hoc and meaningless methods of creating public spaces in our cities [“Placemaking” a projektowanie urbanistyczne w praktyce i nauczaniu; Współczesne problemy kreowania tożsamości miejsca/ ”Placemaking” and urban design in practice and teaching; Current problems in the creation of place identity]. This subject matter was inspired by my didactic activity during which I taught urban design and theory, and the development of the public space. My strong conviction of the value of the maintenance and development of the place’s identity and a sense of being rooted as well as my teaching duties regarding the revitalization of post-industrial areas led to a more thorough study on these issues. Due to the topicality of this problem a series of conferences and themed forums took place in which I took passive part in order to deepen my knowledge on the subject. My subsequent research was devoted to the cultural value of the revitalized objects and the analysis of the possibilities of their adaptation [Przywrócić miastu życie. Kulturotwórczy i kulturozachowawczy aspekt rewitalizacji; Znaczenie rewitalizacji w procesie ochrony i rozwoju wartości kulturowych miasta/ Restoring life to a city. Culture-building and culture-preserving aspect of revitalization; The importance of revitalization in protection and development of cultural values of cities; Issues in adapting post-industrial architecture in the context of the relations with natural and cultural environment. Case study./ Zagadnienia adaptacji architektury poprzemysłowej w kontekście relacji ze środowiskiem naturalnym i kulturowym – studium przypadku]. To combine the areas of my academic interests, I took up the subject of revitalization and adaptation regarding also the phenomenon of the Polish manor house, which had become one of the primary models of the “national style” [Dwory Lubelskich Uczelni/ Manor houses of the Lublin universities].

An independent field of my research on which I focused at the very beginning of my work at the Catholic University of Lublin was modern sacral architecture. I presented my findings at the periodic conferences “Kościoły naszych czasów”/ “Churches of our times” and post-conference proceedings and monographs which, unfortunately, were not published in an appropriate number of copies [Świątynia – miejsce spotkania/ Temple as a meeting place; Abstrakcjonizm, awangarda, mistycyzm i transcendencja w kontekście kształtowania współczesnych przestrzeni sakralnych. O „tożsamości” świątyni chrześcijańskiej/ Abstract art, Avant-garde, mysticism and transcendence in the context of shaping contemporary sacral space. On the “identity” of a Christian temple; Gdzie jesteśmy? Dokąd zmierzamy? Źródła kulturowe współczesnych nurtów w architekturze sakralnej/ Where are we? Where are we going? Cultural sources of current trends in sacral architecture]. I took up the subject of a controversial postmodern architecture. The problem concerned existing utility buildings so I made an effort to see them all for myself. The results have been published in the anthology of the Polish postmodernism [Postmodernizm w polskiej architekturze sakralnej/ Postmodernism in the Polish sacral architecture]. In all my research the architectural objects are analysed in a broader

Sr. ANNA TEJSZERSKA, PhD, Eng. INSTITUTE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, THE JOHN PAUL II CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF LUBLIN cultural context: as a part of the heritage, the creation of culture, and a vital element that constitutes this culture. In the same way I attempted to study the phenomenon of the modern sacral architecture [Współczesna architektura sakralna na tle ponowoczesnych tendencji kulturowych/ Contemporary sacral architecture against the background of postmodern cultural trends]. On the other hand, in the context of the development of liturgy and the understanding of the mysteries of the faith I analysed the arrangement of the churches’ interior, e.g. the changing location and the form of the altar [Symboliczno-teologiczna wymowa chrześcijańskiego ołtarza w kontekście przeobrażeń jego formy i umiejscowienia, w świetle dokumentów Kościoła, pism Patres Ecclesiae i współczesnych badań/ Symbolic and theological meaning of the Christian altar in the context of the changes in its form and location in the light of Church documents, the texts of Patres Ecclesiae and contemporary studies].

To conclude, the results of all of the presented research, apart from the monograph discussed in point 4, regarding the role of architecture in culture and the development of social and place identity can be found in over twenty texts published in Polish and English in periodicals and as parts of monographs, of which only one is a work of joint authorship. All the bibliographical details are included in attachment 5.

I also attempted to popularize my findings by presenting them in over twenty conference papers in Poland and abroad (a detailed list can be found in attachment 5).

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