The Huntsm n ~ar e Labuia1DrJ Natural Fish Populations in Two Streams of the Nashwaak Experimental Watershed

J. D. Martin

Biological Station , St. Andrews, N. B., EOG 2XO

December 1980

Canadian Technical Report of and Aquatic Sciences No. 982 Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences These report contain scientific and technical information that represents an important contribution to existing knowledge but which for some reason may not be appropriate for primary scientific {i.e. Journal) publication. Technical Reports are directed primarily towards a worldwide audience and have an international distribution. No restriction is placed on subject matter and the series reflects the broad intere ts and policies of the Department of Fi herie and Oceans, namely, fisheries management. technology and development, ocean ciences, and aquatic environments relevant to Canada. Technical Reports may be cited as full publications. The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report. Each report will be ab tracted in Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts and will be indexed annually in the Department's index to scientific and technical publications. Numbers 1-456 in this eries were is ued a Technical Reports of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Number 457-714 were issued a Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service. Research and Development Directorate Technical Report . Numbers 715-924 were i sued a Department of Fisherie and the En ironment, Fisherie and Marine Ser ice Technical Reports. The current eries name wa changed \ ith report number 925. Details on the availability of Technical Report in hard copy rna be obtained from the is uing e tablishment indicated on the front cover.

Rapport technique canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques Ces rapport contiennent de ren eignements scientifique et tech niques qui constituent une contribution importante aux connaissances actuelles mais qui, pour une raison ou pour une autre, ne semble nt pas appropries pour Ia publication dans un journal scientifique. II n'y a aucune restriction quant au ujet, de fait, Ia erie reflete Ia va te gamme de interets et des politique du Mini tere des Peches et des Oceans, notamment gestion des peches, techniques et developpement, sciences oceaniques et environnements aquatiques, au Canada. Le Rapports techniques peuvent etre con ideres comme des publications completes. Le titre exact paraitra au haut du re ume de chaque rapport, qui sera publie dans Ia revue Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts et qui figurera dans !'index annuel des publication cientifique et techniques du Ministere. Les numeros 1-456 de cette serie ont ete publies a titre de Rapports techniques de !'Office des recherches ur le pecheries du Canada. Les numeros 457-714, a titre de Rapports techniques de Ia Direction generale de Ia recherche et du developpement, Service de peches et de Ia mer. mini tere de I'Environnement. Les numero 715 -924 ont ete publies a titre de Rapports technique du Service de peche et de Ia mer, Ministere de Peche et de I Environnement. Le nom de Ia erie a ete modi fie a partir du numero 925. La page couverture porte le nom de l'etablissement auteur ou !'on peut e procurer les rapports ou couverture cartonnee. O.madian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 982

Decemb<>r !980

NATURAL FISH POPULATIONS IN TWO STREAMS OF THE NASHWAAK EXPERIMENTAL WATERSHED

by

J. D. Martin

Fisheries and Environmental Sciences Department of Fisheries and Oceans Biological Station St. Andr<'WS, Nt•w llrunswlck F.OC 2XO

This is the on<> hundred and thirty-first Technical Report of the Biological Station, St. Andrews, N.!l. ii

@) Minister of Supply and Services Canada !980 Cat. No. Fs 97-6/982 ISSN 0706-6457

Correct citation fot this publication:

Martin, J. D. 19tl0. Natural fl.sh populations ln two streams n: t!w Nnshwaak Experimi'ntal 1-iatersht'd. ,·.,n. Tech. R<'f'· Fish. AquHt, Scf. 9H2, Iii + 17 P• iii

ABSTRACT

Martin, J. D. 1980. Natur3l fish populations in two streams of the Experimental Watershed. Can Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. ScL 982, ij 17 p.

Fish sampl data from 972--78, inclusive, Nashwaak Experimental Watershed Project. Hayden Brook was chosen Brook as the experimental stream. The study area on stream bank i.n !978), site (with same time as the upper). Major species sh include brook trout (Salvelinus ( sala;c), American eel (Angu.illa rostrata , slimy sculpin (Cottus ( Rhinichthys atratul us).

Estimated annual numbers over 100% (Hayden Mountain, lower si 7.3-19.2 and , upper 46.4-97.8 per environmental conditions. parr and fry numbers f1 twentyfold. salmon, and eels occurred in the study streams between Nay July from Ri downstream migrations oc<::urred jn the falL These migrations were probably seasonally At least the lower kilometer of each stream serves as a nursery area for juvenile Lantic salmon Nashwaak River. Brook trout in the study streams seldom exceeded yr of age 15 em fork length under natural environmental conditions and were closed to angling.

Kev words: Population characteristics, brook trout, , Amer , slimy sculpin, blacknose

dace l Nashwaa.k

Martin, J. D. 1980. Natural sh populations in ti-JO reams of the Nashwaak Can. Tech. Rep. sh Aquat. Sc. 982, iii+ 17 p.

On pr6sente resume des donnees d' ec inclusivement, avant la coupe rase fectu~e Nashwaak. rui

environnementales ~ le nombre annue1 yden, 1 ,9 ii. 26,5; Mountain, emplacement eleve, de 46,!; 100 et de tacons vingt fois sup~rieur. Des tes, saumons et Nashwaak jusqu'aux cours d'eau a '~tude entre mal et juillet, puis sont un lien entre ces sa i sonnieres., Le jeunes saumons de rarement plus de 3 ans ou naturelh·s, La p@che a la ligne de cette leurs interdite.

-I- INTRODUCTION SITES

The Nashwaak Experimental Project, begun in 1970, "to determine and understand the certain forest management practices on ity, to establish

water-

to the Nashwaak River River below the Mactaquac Dam.

The Nashwaak to sea-run Atlantic sa (Salmo 1,22 salmon and grise (Dunfield Atlantic salmon spa•med in the Nashwaak River but upstream not in the study streams from 1972-78, with the abandoned when it was possible exception of lower Narrows Mountain Brook effectively with in 1977. area fished is 407

wide j and are sculpins.

period of 1972-78. site. initiated in 1972 near the the added to the lower

in hera.

to include a is sampling sit0 18, and blacknose stream edge in the headwaters Mountain greatly disturbed in Brook, and by adding spring fall tion of a hydrological Oct.) ing to the single (July­ 1977. The area of the August) of 1972 and 1973. Fish were measured and weighed and many were marked to Clearcutt ing provide information for growth-age determinations. watershed surroJnding Some of these previous reported in haul road be Naahwaak Project annual wide i p reports for in project review documents for the same years. The present work includes an Dates expanded analysis of data with correction of fishings) some errors in previous reports. are given in Table 2. -2- METHODS each year beginning trout caught were easily ident the last IELD digit of the starting in To obtain data section branded with was fished in turn progress using barrier nets at top and bottom section to prevent fish moving in or out during the RESULTS operation. Electrofishing was performed at 400-500 , with Smith-Root back-pack electrofishers ( ~iark and Mark VII us uninterrupted direct AGEING current. In 1972-73 Elson . data) made six of each section, usually fish Histograms of trout lengths were were caught in the fourth and subsequent usually bi- or tri-modal in 1-cm sweeps. Therefore, when the program was expanded to length-classes. Separation between the first and sites and sections, the number of sweeps second modes was quite wel defined as the per section was reduced and, during the mid-summer frequencies fell to or near to zero. Separation fi , all sections were fished at least three among second, third, and later modes vJas poorly imes and sometimes four. Since the initial objec­ defined, indicating considerable growth tive of the Rpring and fall fishings was only to variability. provide information on growth, not al sections were fished at these seasons in 1974 and 197 5. In fa 11 Ageing by scales was difficult and considered 976 all sections were fished with two no more reliable than ing by length-frequency sweeps. t ice proved to he the best histograms. Otolith readinp,s were highly compromise for ing useful mi ion and growth successful on t-Il<' few dead fish tried but could not data with least effort and was continuPd in be used rout·inely because kil.ling the fish was not subsequent years. desirabl<>.

Captured fish wen• anaesthetized ith methane The mean fork lengths of "known ag<>" trout from tricaine sulfonate (MS 222) or tertiary amyl recaptured branded fish were very close to mean fork alcohol, measured to the nearest millimeter (fork lengths determined by the length-frequency histo­ length), to the nearest Each year grams for age 0+. Ages of l + and older trout all salmon and yearling and older trout were determined by length frequency from the upper site hot-branded with individually coded numbers.! on Narrows Mountain Brook corresponded closely with Young of the year trout were branded with the last fish of known age. However, length-frequency digit of the year in which they were born. Branding determined ages of 1+ and older trout from Hayden 1oas done with small length of nichrome wire Brook were probably not accurate as much overlap attached to a 2-volt battery This brand was easy occurred between lengths of age l+ and 2+ fish. The apply in the field and remained visible for at mean fork lengths of recaptured fish of "known age" least a year. After recovery from the anaesthetic, (Table 3) and the length-frequency histograms of all fish were returned to the section from which numbers of recaptured known age fish, however, they \,tf':rt• captured. enabled an estimated division point between the majority of trout of each class in 1977 and ANALYTICAL 1978. There appe.,red to be fpw trout age 3+ or older in these streams. of histograms of captured fish (Fig. POPULATION ESTIMATES 2 from a nu.'!lber of trout were taken from the area between the lateral line and dorsal Popu ation density estimates fluctuated a great fin read for age t under dissec ion deal from year to year. Brook trout estimates varied microscope. Otoliths from a few dead fish were also two- to three.fold and Atlantic salmon and eels examined under a dissection microscope for age varied up to tenfold over the 7-yr period. The estimates. 1976, 1977, and 1978 underyearling accuracy of population estimates the most (0+) trout were branded with the last digit of the abundant species of the Nashwaak for the years year in which they were hatched. Subsequent 1974-76 inclusive were examined in detail by Symons recaptures of these fish y lded accurate age-length (unpubl. datal. Inspection of thr data suggests (Tabl~ 1; Fig. 9, 10). that catch efflciency did not d ffer significantly in the brooks in relation to size, gradient or Estimates of fish population densities were seasonal differences. made by the depletion (1951 method ch utilizes the declining catch repeated constant Symons (unpubl. datal suggests maximum effort fishings. Population estimates for the years errors for brook trout popu estimates, 1972 and 1973 were based on six fishings, 1974 and timated as the difference between total catch and 976 on four fishings and 1975, 1977 and 1978 on est , and expressed as a percentage of the three fishings. All electrofishings for population estimate, are 13 and 7% for thr<'e and four fishing estimates were conducted during the month of July estimates, respectively. The estimates for 1972 and each year. 1973 provided by Elson (unpubl. data), based on six fi.shings, should be more accurate. Somatic growth was determined from recaptures of individually marked fish and marked, known, In July and September fishings in 1976, Symons age-classes of fish. At least 90 yearling and older . data) compared the catchabi ity of under­ ing trout (0+) with that of older individuals 2+) in Hayden Brook by means of two lrn 1975 trout were branded according to length­ different estimates. The first estimate v;as made by class; this proved unsatisfactory. -3- dividing the catch according to age group and then in the fall of the same year. Two-year-olds ,.,hich by making separate regular ion estimates for had spent part all of the each age group. The set of estimates Mountain Brook presumably (estimates as percent of total estimates) was made river before migrating by deriving an es imate for the total population, and then by dividing this estimate into underyear­ Underyearling (O+) lings or older trout in direct proportion to the Hayden Brook numbers caught. The summarized are: three fish in 1974.

1+ July 0+ 2

Separate estimates 106 243 349 Estimates as % 105 243 346

Sept.

Separate estimates 117 166 283 Estimates as % of total estimates 114 139 283 ------

If catchability of underyearlings was lower than yearlings or older fish, then population estimates of underyearlings derived as a proportion of the catch should have been smaller than the separate estimates. Symons found this not to be the case in the particular streams of this study and the catchability of underyearlings has, therefore, been assumed to be the same as for older fish.

The numbers of fish of each species estimated from the mid-summer (July) fishing for the l yr are shown in Tabl0 4. No re ionsh appeared to exist amongst species numbers changes . 11). A decrease of one species did not result in an increase in another. The only apparent relationship was the corresponding s imu 1 taneous change in numbers of brook trout and sl sculpins in the upper site of Narrows Mountain Brook, suggestive of a common influential environmental factor.

A comparison of the biomass of the various species from actual catches July of each year all species increased or decreased in same year in the upper and lower Brook. apparent ionship Brook highest pattern, and biomass the except 1978 weight of fish spec inclusive, in the three study sites are contained in Table 5.

MIGRATION

While no ic salmon were observed 1n Hayden or Narrows Mountain Brooks, large numbers of ing salmon were caught in all sections lower Narrows of site of Narrows Mountain Brook for the fish marked in first time in 1977 and fair numbers (36) were caught were recaptured in the lowermost section in 1978 (Fig. 6). No years, probably salmon v1ere caught in the upper site of Narrows recapturing Mountain Brook.

Yearling (1+ site of Narrows Mount May and early July each yea River. Many marked yearl ng remained overwinter and summer and fall as 2-yr-olds, the brook for a year. Immigrat again -4- sites in the Nashwaak River, and these movements may larger fish for territories with suitable cover is have been temperature-related. Eels were present in the basis for lllllch "stream improvement" which has the study streams when the temperature was close to, been shown to produce desired results (Saunders and or above, l4"C but few were present at lower Smith 1962). temperatures. Smith and Saunders 0955) found the upstream movement of young eels into Lake to "In winter stream-living salmonids tend to coincide with water temperatures above in that become lethargic, into the pools, seek cover, stream between mid May and September. Few eels over and feed less (Allen 1968). Atlantic 30 em were found in the Nashwaak streams. salmon have been found to become inactive and pene- trate particularly into cover winter Male eels have been as small as (Allen 1940; Lindroth Saunders Gee 1964). 27 (Katz 1954 cited in ) , and some Sedimentation and change i.n the percent substrate as eel movements might be attributable to spawning gravel-rock may affect salmon parr overvJinter ion but, for the most part, they were probably survival. the result of temperature change. Studies by Welch et al. 0977) sho<~ed streams GRO\-JTH in clearcut watersheds to have 7% fewer- trout, over 200% more scu lpins, and 26% ess benthos. Damage Trout of all ages were larger in Hayden Brook was attributed mainly to imentation, and road than those of corresponding in the upper site of cross i.ngs were the main point Narrows Mountain Brook (Table . Too few trout were recaptured in the lovJer site of Narrows Mountain The collection of seven consectJtive years of Brook for an accurate comparison; however, those pre-clearcut data should provide an adequate base­ caught were larger than those in the upper site. line from which to detec effects of clearcutting on This agrees with Ricker 0932) that maximum size of fish populations. The control stream should help brook trout seems correlated with the size of the separate environmental and clearcutting effects. body of water in which they Iive. The study site on The main areas to be examined for changes will be Hayden is roughly twice the width and depth of the age and species composition and growth rates. upper site on Narrows l'lountain Brook. Larger bodies Should changes occur, attempts will be made to of warer probably allov1 fish more mobility in relate them to environments 1 changes that are to be foraging, enabling them to secure more food items examined in component studies. lting in faster growth and larger mean sizes of ish. Competition in the higher density trout population in upper Narrows Hountain Brook probably ACKNOWU: DGMF.NT S resulted in smaller trout due to competition for food items. Graphs construe ted hy Symons ( t. ) of the 1974 year-class of trout (Fig. 14 and These studies were initiated by Dr. P. F. F:lson [,;raphs constructed of recaptures of 1976 and 1977 in 1972 and continued by him through 19JJ. In 1974 year···classes of trout (Fig. 15) show growth of the sturly was transferred to Dr. . E. K. Symons who trout:, in terms of weight, to occur mainly in June continued until 1976. Studies in 1977 and July of each year. and 1978 by J. W. Saunders. Helpful criticisms were made by Drs. D. J. Wildish, R .• Peterson and M . .J.

Hean growth where G : ( w0 )/n Dadswell. Appreciation is extended to Brenda was 0.208 for Upper Narrows , 0.250 McCullough and Jeanine Hurley for typing and Frank Narrows Mountain Brook, and 0.262 for Cunningham for graphics. Ruth Garnett did the Brook. Mean ition factors, K, where K technical editing. were 1.010, 0.987, and 1.064 respectively (Table n).

DISCUSS ION Allen, K. R. 1940. Studies on t·he bio the early stages of the salmon (Salmo I. Logging may have several counter-balancing, Growth in the River Eden. J. Anim. Ecol. 10: conf icting consequences for fish production. 273-295. Previous studies have found changes in stream water temperature regimes, dis charge variab i ity, nutrient 1968. Limitations on production in input and sedimentation after clearcutting. salmon id populations streams. i:l. R. Macl'lillan Lectures Ln Fisheries at Institute of Territorial behavior is one mechanism for con- Fisheries, U.B C., Vancouver ro 11 ing the number of fish which can inhabit any particular area of stream. "The size of each Atlantic Salmon Sport Catch Statis ics Maritimes territory is influenced by such factors as the Region, 1973-1978. Freshwater and Anadromous species and size of fish, the velocity of the Division, Resource Branch, Fisheries Rnd MRrine current, the irregularity of the bottom, and the Service, Dept. Fish. OceanA, Halifax, N.S. temperature" (Allen 1968). One of the most serious detrimental effects that may affect a trout popula­ Carlander, K. D. 1969. Handbook vf Fre~hwater tion is habitat alteration caused by sedimentation. Fish<>rv Biology, Vol. The Iowa St~u The elimination of large interstitial spaces among UnivPraity Press, 752 rocks by filling in of sand and silt reduces the amount of cover available to fish. Reducing the De D. ll. 1951. thee pl

Elson, P. F. 1957. The importance of size in the change from parr to smolt in Atlantic salmon. Can. Fish. Cult. 21: l-6.

Lindroth, A. 1955. Distribution, territorial behaviour and movements of sea trout fry in the River Indalsalven. Rep. last. Freshwat.. Res. Drottningholm 36:

itham, S. J., and Bernard 1977, 1978. ic Sa Sport Statistics ~aritimes Region, Freshwater and Anadromous Division, Resource Branch, Fisheries and Marine Service, Dept. Fish. Oceans, Halifax, S.

Ricker, 1932. Studies of speckled trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Ontario. Publ. Ont. Fish Res. Lab. 44: 68-110.

Saunders, J. W., and M. Smith. 1962. Physical alteration of stream habitat to improve brook trout production. Trans. A.m. Fish. Soc. 91: 185-188.

Saunders, R. L., and J. H. Gee. 1964. Movements of young Atlantic salmon in a small stream. J. Fish. Res. Can. 21: 27-36.

Smith, M. W., and J. W. Saunders. 1955. The American ee in certain fresh waters of the Maritime Provinces of Canada. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 12: 238-269.

Symons, P. E. K. 1978. Leaping behaviour of juvenile ( kisutch) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo sa1ar). J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 35: 907-909. -6-

Table l. Location and physical characteristics of study sections.

Location Av. Section and length width Area Approx. water Bottom no. (m) (m) (m2) Gradient vel. (cm/s) characteristics

Ha;:,:den Brook Above road along Nashwaak River

69 3.33 230 0.048 45 Cobble, boulders, gravel 2 69 2. 72 130 0.049 Cobble, gravel, fallen trees 3 69 4.09 232 0.050 50 Cobble, boulders 4 69 3.64 251 0.052 Cobble, boulders, gravel 5 55 4. 11 226 0.072 Cobble, boulders, gravel 6 73 3.35 245 0.109 95 Large boulders

Narrows Mountain llrook (lower site)

Above Napodogan Road

1 69 7.. 11 146 0.041 45 Cobble, boul.ders 2 69 2.42 167 0.076 31 Cobble, boulders 3 41 2.15 38 0.098 70 Cobble, boulders 4 46 2.11 97 0.058 32 Cobble, boulders

Below Napodogan Road

5 7l 3.34 244 Boulders covered with fine sand and mud

Narrows Mountain Brook (uEEer site)

1 (Abandoned) Sand, gn1vel, cobble, fa lien logs 2 (West fork) 79 1. 94 153 Sand, grav" 1, cobble, fa !len logs 3 (East fork) 71 l. 94 138 Sand, gravel, cobble, fa 11 en logs 4 (East fork) 66 1. 75 116 Snnd, gravel, cobble, fa !len logs -7-

Table 2. Dates of fishing (number of days between and water temperatures at time of fishing.

Season and year (days between) (days between) (days between)

Spring 1974 June 20 June 19 June 18 (34) (27) (29)

Summer 23-25 16 Ju 17-18 (99

Fa 1 Oct. 22 Oct. 23 Oct. 24 (217) (213) (209)

Spring 975 27 6-9 20,28 7-12 21 10-13 (49) (62

Summer July ll' 15' 7' 18 15-18 July 7-10 15-18 July 22-23 9-11 (85) (90) (74)

Fall Oct. 8 6 Oct. 6,7 7-8 Oct. 4 5 (223) (224) (228)

Spring 1976 May 18,21 6-9 May 17, 19 9-10 May 20 7-9 (62) (65) (67)

Summer July 18,20,21 15-19 July 22-23 14-17 July 26 3 (64) ( 61) (59)

Fall Sept. 22 11-12 Sept. 21 14 Sept. 23 9-10 (287) (280) (294)

Summer 1977 July 5 '6' 7 12. l-15 July 12,19 13-17.5 July 14-lS 13-13.5 (54) (42) (42)

Fa tl 29,30 17.8-18 Aug. 23 12.3 Aug. 25 11.5-12 1 ) (298) (309)

Summer 1978 5, 6, 7' 11 12-16 June 29,July 11 13-16 July 12 12-14 (4 7 (56) (48)

Fall Aug. 22,23 13-16 Aug. 24,30 12-14 Aug. 2 9, 30 l3

-----~------·-·------8- Table 3. Mean fork length (em) of trout branded at age 0+ and recaptured. Brackets indicate number of fish recaptured.

Date of Age 0+ Age 1+ Age 2+ Location recapture x fork length ± SD x fork length ± SD x fork length ± SD

Hayden Sept. 1976 7.02 ± 0.85(40) July 1977 9.36 ± 1.09(27) Aug. 1777 6.15 ± 0.17(4) 10.30 ± 1.15(25) July 1978 9. 78 ± 0. 59(18) 12.75 ± 1.12(20) Aug. 1978 6.13 ± 0. 54(15) 10.42 ± 1.42(20) 13.80 ± 1.41(4)

UNM Sept. 1976 5. 27 ± 0.50(22) July 1977 8.30 ± 0.98(7) Aug. 1977 5.67 ± 0.38(22) July 1978 8.05 ± 0. 76(24) 8. 75 ± 1.06(2) Aug. 1978 4.94 ± 0.35(17) 9.00 ± 0.62(3)

LNM Sept. 1976 7.00 ± 0. 00 (l) July 1977 7.00 ± 0.71(2) Aug. 1977 July 1978 Aug. 1978

Table 4. Fish species and comparisons of midsummer (July) population densities at three locations in Hayden and Narrows Mountain Brooks.

Estimated number/100 m2

Stretch Fish species 1972 1973 1974 1475 1976 1977 1978

Hayden Brook trout 25.7 19.0 ll.'l 22.2 26.~ 15.1 23.0 (1422 m2 ) (Sa I vel in us fontinal is) At lanti.c salmon 0.5 2.3 3. 7 5. 9 2.2 1.3 1.8 (Salmo salar) Eels 2. 7 ,, . i 3.2 4. 7 3.9 2.4 6.0 (Anguilla rost rata)

N a ·r rows Brook trout 19.2 16.2 12.8 11.9 12.1 8.4 9.0 ~tountain Lower site Atlantic salmon 0.8 8.2 2.0 18.9 14. 7 18.4 !3. 5 (498m2 to 1974) (742 m2 1975 & Ee Is 6.6 9.1 0.8 5.1 3.3 1.6 1.2 1976) (645 m~ 1977 and lll11c knose dace 5.9 4.6 0. 7 0. 7 7. I 6.4 0.9 after) (Rhynichthys atratul us) Creek chub 0 0.6 0.2 0. l 0 0 0 (Semotil us atromaculatus) Slimy sculpin 0 0 0.2 0.4 l.2 0. 2 0.8 (Cottus cognatus)

Narrows Brook trout 68.3 97.8 67.3 46.4 55.5 Mountain Upper site Slimy sculpin 28.7 41.3 28.3 13.7 26.4 (407 m2) Eels 0.2 0 0.5 0 0.5

aThe section added in 1975 was particularly rich in salmon. Separate salmon popu­ lation estimates without this section are:

1975 !976 1977

1 7. 7 9,2 8.2 8.2 -9-

Table 5. Number of fish caught in the three brooks from 1974-78.

-----~

No. of Number of fish and _(wet weig~)) Total Brook Month fishings Trout Salmon Dnce Sculpin Eel weight (g)

~-·-~------~-·-·-·------

Hayden July 4 176(3778) 50 ( 1084) 37(458) 5320 Upper Narrows July I, 315(1723) 118(200) 1 (19) 1942 Lower Narrows Mtn. July 4 60(924) 9(198) 3(12) 509) 1213

Hayden July 3 2 78 (3369) 78(1293) 59(624) 5286 Upper Narrows Mtn. July 3 3490795) 140(530) 2325 Lower Narrows Mtn. July 3 104(1654) 166(1948) 2(10) 3(10) 41(521) 4143

1976

Hayden 1!0(501,) 6(120) 1 (42) 666 July 4 357(31,90) 20(438) )I; (55 5) /+483 Sept. 2 237(2511) 18(271) 0 2 782 Upper Narrows Mtn. May 2 77 (425) 20(89) '>14 July I• 254(1447) 106(242) lfi89 Sept. 2 11+3(693) 22(63) 756 Lower Narrows Mtn. May 2 40(354) 44\403) 5(5) 1 (3) 0 765 July 4 73(784) 1440533) 54 (2 90) 0 24089) 27% Sept. 2 25(212) 70(924) 3'J (\16) 4(10) 1(4) 1266

Hayden July 3 207(3690) 16(418) 23(268) 4376 Aug. 2 269(4251;) 28(530) 19(376) 5160 Upper Narrows Mtn. July 3 188(1153) 46 (143) 0 1296 Aug 2 !69(1038) 69(171) 1 (3) 12 12 Lower Narrows ritn. July 3 46 ( 51+8) 112(661) 9(24) 2(9) 5(53) 1295 Aug. 2 41 (507) l/;5(665) 2(9) 0 6(41) 1222

l

Hayden July 3 317(5720) 25(412) 140(665) 6797 Aug. 401+(5230) 33(516) 38(347) 6093 Upper Narruws Mtn. July 3 2220711) 2 (193) 1901+ Aug. 2 195 (1509) 1 (4) 1513 Lower Narro'#S Htn. July 3 45049) 86( 61 7) 4(17) 7(31) 8 (l 09) l'i23 Aug. 2 66(904) 116(943) 22016) 5(20) 10066) 2149 Table 6. Mean growth rates and condition factors of recaptured trout. ------Weight range Length range Weight range Length range x specific x condition Location Time at branding at branding at recapture at recapture growth factor (no. of fish) at large (g) (em) (g) (em) rate SD (K) SD ------Upper Narrows Mtn. July 77-July 78 3-17 6.9-12.8 8-22 9.2-13.1 0.208 .248 l. 010 . 20.5 (32) 363-369 d

Lower· Narrows Mtn. July 77-June 78 5-16 S,Lf-11. 9 14-32 11.3-14.4 0.250 .149 0.987 .119 (7) 345--352 d

Hayden July 77-July 78 5-31 8.0-14.1 18-93 11.9-15.4 0.262 .080 1. 064 .097 (21) 362-364 d ,.:.. 0 I -11-

Fig. 1. Study sites.

Hayden Brook (Trout)

1975 1976 1977 1978 May May

July July

Oct. Oct. Sept. Aug.

40

30

10 15 20 0 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 10 15 20 0 10 15 20 Length (em)

Fig. 2. Length frequency histogram of Hayden Brook trout. -12-

Upper Narrows Mountain Brook (Trout)

20~ 1974 1975 1978 ~.:ay• to~ 1\krLJune " • o~L11 " 90 109 li\1 July July July J;: ly July

0 20

~ 10 <; z

40r oct. Oct. Aug. 30~~ 2+ tor I " or- -l ~~.~ 0 5 10 15 20 10 15 25 30

Fig. 3. Length frequency histogram of Upper Narrows Mountain Brook trout.

Lower Narrows Mountain Brook (Trout)

1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 May May 1:~ ~'

July July July July ·-

0 10

~ l~n ~Ln 0 ~~ E ... i\ -A z Oct. Sept. Aug. Aug.

10 'L~ ~ ,---,~ .-~~ ~ 0 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 Length (em)

Fig. 4. Length frequency histogram of Lower Narrows Mountain Brook trout. -13-

Hayden Brook (Salmon)

1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 June May May J ,--,-- f'l n '

;:;:: July July July 0

~ "0 E z ,----, ----. ,---,-~M, Oct. 1Oct. Sept. I:L fib ~ ,---, I 10' 15 20 5' 10 15 20 Length (em)

Fig. 5. Length frequency histogram of Hayden Brook salmon.

Lower Narrows Mountain Brook (Salmon)

1977 1978 ~[~y ~~~~l

60 50r" July July I July July July 40~ I

30t = ;:;:: zof 0 I 10~ = I c~ ----1 '3 !""~ z oi 64 I 501 Aug. Aug. 40~ Oct. Oct. Sept. I 30~ I

2t ~ l~, _[L~-~ '~-" ------, 20 0'tl~~ 5 10 15 20 15 0 10 15 20 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 10 Length (em)

Fig. 6. Length frequency histogram of Lower Narrows Mountain Brook salmon. -14-

Hayden Brook (Eels)

1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 June May May

Ill ~ . I ' .. ' i..L July July July July July ~ ··~· -+--~ 4•r ..__.______, E I:L. r Sept. Aug. ~ 10 Oct. Oct. Aug.

0 l---,"------.-"- _,J. ---, ,----,----- ,----, ------, ,-----I"'F"-""'4...,.._---'I"'I'"~L; ,-- __J._l,._.~-~1 0 I0 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40 Length (em)

Fig. 7. Length frequency histogram of Hayden BrooK eels.

Upper Narrows Mountain Brook (Sculpin)

1975 1976 1977 1978 May May

~ .-~~---- ,--.---, July July July July July

O 10,_ = ~ 0 ~-·-~--""'"-""' 2

20- Oct. Oct. Sept. Aug. Aug. ,-,-~-[~~- ~r jc~~l' .~ 1 8 0 8 0 2 4 6 80 80 2 6 8 Length (em)

Fig. 8. Length frequency histogram of Upper Narrmvs Mountain Brook sculpin.

Hayden (Trout) 20 1976 1977 1978 July July July

.;;;;; 0 ~ "' '-'- A '0 Sept. Aug. Aug. ;;:; .<::> E => z

0 ~~ I I I I I 0 5 10 15 20 0 rAt.5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 Length (em)

Fig. 9. Length frequency histogram of Hayden Brook recaptured trout marked at age 0+. -15-

Narrows Mountain Brook (Trout)

1976 1977 1978 July July July

"' '-'- ~ I ,, -:;

;;:; Sept. Aug. Aug. -"' E => z

I I I I ~ I I 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 Length (em) '

Fig. 10. Length frequency histogram of Upper Narrows Mountain Brook recaptured trout marked at age 0+. -16-

Hayden Brook 28 Hayden Brook

24

20

16

Lower N Mt Brook 0 lower N Mt Brook /',Salmon 20 "' E l "\. 0 0 16 \

0.."' \ 12 ~ \ iL: \ 0 8

..c"' E 4 ~ :z

Upper N Mt Brook Upper N Mt Brook 100~ Trout Bl 60

40 Sculpin ...... ·· ·· . Sculpin ?0- ,• .. ·"' ...... Eela 0 - r ~-~--1- ---1"'""'...-,.r-~r=--s 0 1972 '73 '74 '75 '76 '77 '78 '79 1974 '75 '76 '77 '78

Fig. 11. Relative yearly numbers of fish of each Fig. 12. Relative yearly biomass of fish of each species. species. -17-

M J S M M M M 1974 1975 1976 lower N Mt Brook

Fig. 14. Growth of 1974 year-class of trout.

Upper N Mt Brook

20 0-r

10

0

~ = ; 20

Fig. 13. Yearly total fish biomass. 10 Hayden Bk. ./ .~·-· ~"" Upper Narrows Mt. Bk. 0 I M J s N M M J M M 1976 1977 1978

Fig. 15. Growth of 1976 and 1977 year-classes of trout (Table 3 data).